MANGERE - OTAHUHU Parks & Reserves Assessment by Russell Cooper

MĀNGERE - ŌTĀHUHU PARK & RESERVES

CONTENTS pg.

INTRODUCTION

DEMOGRAPHICS

OPEN SPACE SUMMARY

REGIONAL MAPPING

SUB AREA ANALYSIS

MĀNGERE CENTRAL MĀNGERE EAST MĀNGERE SOUTH MĀNGERE BRIDGE ŌTĀHUHU FAVONA

CASE STUDIES & STRATEGY

103

Please acknowledge ‘ Sir George Grey Special Collections, Auckland Libraries, AWNS-19030806-7-1 ‘ when re-using this image. 1903

Fig. 1 Māori tribal lands in the Manukau area, 1840

MĀNGERE - ŌTĀHUHU TE AO MĀORI

“Te toto o te tangata he kai, te oranga o te tangata he whenua” Food is the blood of the people, but the welfare of the people lies in the land

Te Ākitai Waiohua trace their whakapapa through the volcanic landscapes of Māngere Ōtāhuhu for more than 900 years, with their descendents still living in ancestral marae at Makaurau and Pūkaki (Te Ākitai Waiohua, 2012).

The landscape is a living tupuna, the volcanic god Mataaoho, whose features and actions are seen in the cones and craters: Te Pane a Mataaoho - the forehead of Mataaoho (Māngere Mountain); Te Ihu a Mataaho - the nose of Mataaoho (volcanic cones of Ihumatao); Nga Tapuwae o Mataaoho - the footsteps of Mataaoho (craters at Pūkaki, Puhinui and Crater Hill) (Simmons, 2013; Te Ākitai Waiohua, 2012). The names for each settlement came from the landscape processes or the experiences of the people who inhabited the place: hence Māngere, lazy or gentle breezes experienced by Hotonui; and Ōtāhuhu, the pa of Tahuhunui built in 1350 AD (Phillips-Gibson, 2006; Simmons, 1987). The fertile soils around the cones yielded abundant food crops, and the shallow Manukau Harbour was filled with seasonal kaimoana and birdlife. Despite the inter-tribal conflicts over the centuries and loss of land during European settlement, Te Ākitai Waiohua have maintained their connection to ancestral landscapes as kaitiaki for the rich taonga manifest in this part of Tamaki Makaurau. 1

MĀNGERE - ŌTĀHUHU QUICK FACTS

5% OF AUCKLAND REGIONS POPULATION 27.4 YEARS MEDIAN AGE 37,470 EMPLOYEES WITHIN THE LOCAL BOARD AREA 58% PACIFIC, 20% EUROPEAN, 17% MAORI, 14% ASIAN 43% BORN OVERSEAS $19,150 MEDIAN INCOME 55% OF RESIDENTS EMPLOYED 34 SCHOOLS, MOST RATED DECILE 5 OR UNDER 3,859 BUSINESSES IN THE LOCAL BOARD AREA

8,514

FAVONA

age

$ median median

ŌTĀHUHU

1,809 18,800 26.4 13,680

age

$ median median

3,903 18,000 29.6 12,747

MĀNGERE CENTRAL

age

$ median median

MĀNGERE EAST

2,751 17,000 25.5 24,951

age

$ median median

MĀNGERE SOUTH

5,580 19,500 26.9 7,119

age

$ median median

MĀNGERE BRIDGE

1,578 21,800 27 9,261

age

$ median median

3,015 30,700 37.4 3

85+

75-79

80-84 70-74 60-64 65-69 50-54 55-59 45-49 40-44

35-39 30-34 25-29

15-19 20-24

10-14 0-4

5-9

75-79

70-74

60-64 65-69

50-54 55-59

45-49

40-44

35-39

30-34

25-29

15-19 20-24

10-14 UNDEFINED

0-4 UNDEFINED 5-9

AGE 85+

MALE

FEMALE 80-84

PERCENTAGE

MĀNGERE - ŌTĀHUHU

69 120 PARKS

63 120 PARKS

24 120 PARKS

21 <500m to a Church

120 PARKS

Carparking Facilities

Dedicated off street carparking

Parks within 500m proximity to churches and places of worship

30 120 PARKS

Playgrounds

Open Grass Reserves

Empty grassed patches of land owned by council and given reserve status

27 120 PARKS

Adjacent to a Main Road

Parks situated along main arterial roads

Sports Facilities

Fields, Courts, Turfs, Clubrooms

OPEN SPACE SUMMARY

120 PARKS

16 120 PARKS

Community Gardens

120 PARKS

Off Leash Dog Areaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

Parks with provision of community food growing areas

72 120 PARKS

<500m to a School

Parks within 500m proximity to schools and kindergartens

Skateparks

37 120 PARKS

Toilet Blocks

<500m to a Town Centre

The 6 major town centre/suburbs within the local MangereOtahuhu local board area are Mangere Central, Mangere East, Mangere South, Mangere Bridge, Favona and Otahuhu 7

REGIONAL MAPPING

MANGERE-OTAHUHU

0.5

OPEN SPACE

Civic and Community Sport and Active Informal Conservation

0.5

HILLSHADE Mangere Bridge Local Centre

Otahuhu Town Centre

Favona Local Centre

Mangere East Local Centre Mangere Town Centre

Public Open Space

Airport Centre

0.5

SLOPE

Flat Steep

0.5

HYDROLOGY

Stream Sub-catchment Catchment 1 Catchment 2 Ctahcment 3

0.5

INFRASTRUCTURE

Rail State Highway Arterial Road Future Urban Road

0.5

SOILS

Public Open Space

0.5

LAND USE CAPABLITY

Flat Flat Flat Flat Flat Steep

0.5

OUTSTANDING NATURAL FEATURES

ONF

0.5

VIEW SHAFTS

Volcanic Viewshaft Blanket Height Sensitive Area

0.5

SIGNIFICANT ECOLOGICAL AREAS

SEA

0.5

NOTABLE TREES

Notable Tree

0.5

SCHOOLS

School

0.5

COMMUNITY FACILITIES

Church Library Other Community Facility

0.5

MARAE + CULTURAL HERITAGE

Of Value to Mana Whenua Of Significance to Mana Whenua Historic Heritage Marae

0.5

REGIONAL RECREATION CENTRES

Ambury Park Centre for Riding Therapy Pool and Leisure Centre

0.5

SUB AREAS MĀNGERE BRIDGE

FAVONA

MĀNGERE SOUTH

MĀNGERE CENTRAL

ŌTĀHUHU

MĀNGERE EAST 19

his map/plan is illustrative only and all information hould be independently verified on site before taking ny action.Copyright Auckland Council. Boundary nformation from LINZ (Crown Copyright Reserved). Whilst due care has been taken, Auckland Council ives no warranty as to the accuracy and completeness f any information on this map/plan and accepts no ability for any error, omission or use of the information. Height datum: Auckland 1946.

Created: Thursday, 12 March 2015,1:35:49 a.m.

Mangere Central, East 1959

This map/plan is illustrative only and all information should be independently verified on site before taking any action.Copyright Auckland Council. Boundary information from LINZ (Crown Copyright Reserved). Whilst due care has been taken, Auckland Council gives no warranty as to the accuracy and completeness of any information on this map/plan and accepts no liability for any error, omission or use of the information. Height datum: Auckland 1946.

Â´

Created: Scale Thursday, March 2015,1:37:01 a.m. @12A4 1:15000

Â´

Mangere Central, East 1996 Scale @ A4 1:15000

MĀNGERE CENTRAL

1959

Māngere Central was renowned for fertile soils up to two feet deep (MHS, 2001) and was extensively gardened first by Māori, then early European farmers, and Chinese settlers who started the first market gardens in the 1920s. Three trotting stables and tracks were located in Māngere Central, as were town supply farmers producing milk; it was a rural, agricultural community. Major changes came with the construction of the Airport in 1966. Pacific Island families arrived as workers for the construction project, and new housing developments sprang up to cater for them (MHS, 2008). Māngere Town Centre was built in 1971 to service the new community, bringing all the centre-city shops like Farmers, Bond & Bond, Milne & Choyce to the suburbs. Once the shopping centre was

1965

1996

built, Housing Corp. started erecting state houses at great pace (MHS, 2008). Different ethinic groups began to move in to the area during the 1980s; some as a result of resettlement throught the Māngere Refugee Centre. The majority of farmers sold their farms for housing development and recreation space when the council rating system changed from ‘improved’ to ‘unimproved’ land, with the Chinese market gardeners moving out to Pukekohe. There were a few market gardens in Walmsley Rd right up until 1996 (MHS, 2001). Today the shopping centre has a completely different mix of shops and services that cater to the predominantly Pccific Island population.

PARKS AND OPEN SPACES

Killington Reserve 0.0328ha

Harwell Pl Walkway 1.238ha

Rush Pl Reserve 0.0744ha

Norton Reserve 1.629ha

Vickers Park 3.238ha

Bader Drive Reserve 9.715ha

Imrie Park 34.981ha

Jordan Rd Reserve 0.077ha

Leeson Pl Reserve 0.0763ha

Walmsley Rd Reserve 1.826ha

Windrush Park 5.456ha

Golden Acre Park 1.889ha

Mascot Park 6.709ha

Ashgrove Reserve 20.23ha

Williams Park 43.141ha

Molesworth Reserve 0.087ha

DB Ground 26.443ha

Moyle Park 76.593ha

Tarata Creek Reserve 29.63ha

David Lange Park 83.33ha

PARKS AND OPEN SPACES SUMMARY

0 20

1 20

Off Leash Dog Areaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

Toilet Blocks

Community Gardens

Skateparks

4 20

<500m to a Town Centre

Carparking Facilities

Adjacent to a Main Road

5 20

Playgrounds

Sports Facilities

Open Grass Reserves

<500m to a School

19 20

<500m to a Church

community food production

ecological features

contaminated site

clubrooms

skatepark

toilets

exercise equipment

playground

parking

boat ramp

dog walking

volleyball

badminton

baseball

tennis

basketball

netball

soccer

rugby

PARKS AND OPEN SPACES INVENTORY

Bader Drive Reserve David Lange Park DB Ground Golden Acre Park Harwell Place Walkway Imrie Park Jordan Road Reserve Killington Reserve Leeson Place Reserve Mascot Park

Molesworth Reserve Moyle Park Norton Reserve Rush Place Reserve Tarata Creek Reserve Vickers Park Walmsley Road Reserve Williams Park

Windrush Park conservation

sport & active

informal

AREA MAPPING MANGERE CENTRAL

PUBLIC OPEN SPACE

0.5

Civic and Community Sport and Active Informal Conservation

0.5

STREAMS

Stream

0.5

RESIDENTIAL

Residential

0.5

COMMERCIAL

Neighbourhood Centre Town Centre

0.5

SCHOOLS

School

0.5

CHURCHES

Church

0.5

LIBRARIES

Library

0.5

MARAE

Marae

0.5

ISSUES & OPPORTUNITIES: MĀNGERE CENTRAL

OPPORTUNITIES: • • •

ISSUES: • • • • • • •

No community gardens or off-leash dog walking areas. Sports parks (David Lange and Moyle Park) are on major roads or busy intersections limiting pedestrian or cycle access to the facilities. Lots of cul-de-sacs create a disconnect for walking through the neighbourhoods. There is a lack of visibility into parks from surrounding properties, limiting opportunities for children to use without close supervision. Motorway and busy main roads create a physical disconnection between communities. There is a lack of urban form in the town centre; surrounded by carparks. Tarata Creek is channeled between residential properties and then is piped underground resulting in poor water quality and habitat.

• • • •

• • •

There is potential to create walking and habitat connections between small parks and greenways. Implement CPTED prinicples in parks and walkways which community perceive as being unsafe with the aim of them being better utilised. Promote play in quiet cul-de-sacs where it can be easily supervised. Utilise existing close connections to schools and community groups to share facilities in areas where open space is limited. Improve walking and cycling access to sports grounds. Implement traffic calming techniques around parks and along school-to-park routes. Encourage community to become involved in the management of their local parks to foster a sense of pride and ownership while providing Council insight as to what facilities would be best used. Plan and build adventurous play space for older children and teenagers. Better utilise existing vacant lots in neighbourhoods for residential groups to grow food. Work with local businesses and resident associations to revitalise Tarata Creek and other streams which run through the neighbourhood.

Moyle Park

David Lange Park

Mangere Town Centre Community Garden 32

Thomas Park

Mascot Reserve

Imrie Park

MĀNGERE EAST

1959

Like Māngere Bridge, Māngere East developed as a discrete community and was considered a county town in 1955. The large American Military Camp established during WWII brought a contingent of 5000 foreigners, effectively doubling the population of Māngere East and Ōtāhuhu. The Americans planned and began building Middlemore Hospital as a planned convalesence hospital for casualties from the Pacific conflicts, but the war ended before the project was completed and the Americans went home. Part of the military camp has been re-used as the Mangere Refugee Centre, where every refugee arriving in New Zealand spends their first few weeks. (MHS, 2001) Māngere East has the distinction of having produced two Prime Ministers: William Fergusson Massey in 1912 and Sir David Lange in 1984. Both men’s legacy has been retained in local place names - Massey Rd and David Lange Park.

1965

2012

In the 1950s Māngere East was still predominantly rural, with the ‘Kiwi Dream’ 1/4 acre section,room to grow veges and places for the children to play. All the community facilities were grouped together - church, hall, library, sports fields and public transport. (MHS, 2008). Hain Park was donated by the Hain family, and was eventually absorbed into the wider Massey Park multi-sport complex. Change began in the 1960s as Group Housing planned new subdivisions on former farms and racetracks. The names of these farms were kept in the new estates: Sutton Farm became Sutton Park housing estate in the 1970s. Each new subdivision was developed with neighbourhood shops for locals who walked or caught the bus. Local jobs were based on the railways, hospital, farms and the new airport construction (MHS, 2008).

PARKS AND OPEN SPACES

Ferguson Street Reserve 34.981ha

Ben Lora Park 0.218ha

Mervan St Reserve 0.481ha

Sutton Park 1.228ha

McKinstry Park 0.665ha

Roytons Park 0.36ha

Buckland Park 0.323ha

Yates Park 0.611ha

Massey Homestead 0.982ha

Cottingham Reserve 0.817ha

Miami St Reserve 2.03ha Lenore Foreshore Reserve 1.898ha

Blake Rd Reserve 4.539ha

Stevens Park 0.322ha

Radonich Park 11.06ha

Wickman Way Reserve 1.514ha

Walter Massey Park 14.35ha

PARKS AND OPEN SPACES SUMMARY

1 17

0 17

Off Leash Dog Areaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

Toilet Blocks

Community Gardens

Skateparks

3 17

<500m to a Town Centre

Carparking Facilities

Adjacent to a Main Road

6 17

Playgrounds

Sports Facilities

Open Grass Reserves

<500m to a School

17 17

<500m to a Church

community food production

ecological features

contaminated site

clubrooms

skatepark

toilets

exercise equipment

playground

parking

boat ramp

dog walking

volleyball

badminton

baseball

tennis

basketball

netball

soccer

rugby

PARKS AND OPEN SPACES INVENTORY

Ben Lora park Blake Road Reserve Buckland Park Cottingham Reserve Ferguson Street Reserve Lenore Foreshore Reserve Massey Homestead McKinstry Park Mervan Street Reserve Miami Street Reserve Radonich Park Royton Park Sutton Park Tomlin Park Wickman Way Reserve Yates Park Walter Massey Park conservation

sport & active

informal

AREA MAPPING MANGERE EAST

PUBLIC OPEN SPACE

0.5

Sport and Active Informal Conservation

0.5

STREAMS

Stream

0.5

RESIDENTIAL

Residential

0.5

COMMERCIAL

Neighbourhood Centre Local Centre

0.5

SCHOOLS

School

0.5

CHURCHES

Church

0.5

LIBRARY

Library

0.5

COMMUNITY FACILITIES

Other Community Facility

0.5

MARAE

Marae

0.5

ISSUES & OPPORTUNITIES: MĀNGERE EAST OPPORTUNITIES • •

•

ISSUES •

• • • • • • • •

• • • • •

No accessable community gardens or areas for local organic food productivity within the Māngere East area. Insufficient playgrounds (6) for 25,000 people. No Skateparks There is a lack of visibility into parks from surrounding properties, limiting opportunities for children to use without close supervision. Little recognition of natural features or ecology High pecentage of reserves that offer little more than mowen grass that appear to be underutilised, yet incur maintenance costs High pedestrian disconnect throughout the region Poor pedestrian connectivity for residents to parks that offer any amenity Parks and reserves within Māngere East have the feeling of left over bits of land to accomodate a power pylon or access to a storm water manhole, or simply to meet the quota of neccessary green space. Offering very little to the communites that live around them Lack of cultural expression Lack of space that is for the people that live there Lack of community engagement Lack of a sense of ownership Lack of importance placed on open space

• •

• • • • • •

Māngere East presents a large and varied community that has the poptential to input into a thriving parks and reserve network Opportunity to implement CPTED prinicples in parks and walkways which community perceive as being unsafe with the aim of them being better utilised Opportunity to develop the relationships with and engage the proximal church, community and school groups to develop functional outdoor spaces Opportunity to develop quality play space and outdoor engagement for chidren, teens and adults Opportunity to reflect the ethnic diversity of Māngere East (58% Pasifika, 17% Maori, 14% Asian) through the activation of parks and reserve space Opportunity to engage entire communities, inclusive of at risk groups and under represented demographies Opportunity to develop urban agriculture initiatives to develop skills and community resilience Opportunity to upskill and foster learning within a densely populated area through the activation of the parks Opportunity to utilise ‘left over’ space Opportunity to decrease council OPEX costs by reducing maintenance needed through communnity activation and use of park spaces Māngere East is the ‘control’ area for the Future Streets project which will test street design options to make Māngere Central safer and promote walking and cycling. Prehaps Māngere East could become the test area for a ‘Future Parks’ scheme to assess whether community development outcomes can be achieved through the management and development of parks and reserve spaces as opposed to streets

Blake Road Reserve

Radonich Park

Massey Central Park

Walter Massey Park

Mangere Refugee Centre (next to Radonich Park)

Sutton Park

Miami Park 47

Scale @ A4 1:25000

Created: Thursday, 12 March 2015,1:23:52 a.m.

Created: Thursday, 12 March 2015,1:25:17 a.m.

Mangere South 1959a

Mangere South 1996a

Created: Thursday, 12 March 2015,1:26:34 a.m. Scale @ A4 1:25000

Mangere South 2012a Scale @ A4 1:25000

MĀNGERE SOUTH

1950

1996

2012

Māngere South is what we have termed the European settlement began in 1869 with the

area surrounding the airport and the Ihumatao peninsula. It has a natural connection with Māngere Central in the north, yet encompasses the burgeoning airport community and the new residential developments planned for Ihumatao.

This part of Māngere is of huge importance to Māori, as there are many sacred landmarks and two marae at Makaurau and Pūkaki where the iwi have been resident in the area for generations. Collectively, the volcanic landforms of this area are called Nga Tapuwae o Mataaoho - the footsteps of Mataaoho (craters at Pūkaki, Puhinui and Crater Hill) (Simmons, 2013; Te Ākitai Waiohua, 2012). Two cones, Maungataketake (Ellet’s Hill) and Waitomokia (Gabriel’s Hill) have been quarried away for the airport flight path, losing in the process the birthplace of the first Maori King, Pōtatau Te Wherowhero (Simmons, 2013). Pukektutu Island was a sacred home of tohunga (Phillips-Gibson, 2006), and Pukaku lagoon had a sacred spring.

Rennie family at Renton Farm (Renton Rd), and this continued to be a predominantly rural area right through until the advent of Auckland International Airport in 1966.

During the 1930s, Pūkaki crater was used as the very popular Henning’s Speedway, and the Māngere aerodrome was popular for day trips (MHS, 2001). The coastal community, on the site of the present-day airport, was also a favourite swimming beach on the Manukau Harbour for families from Māngere. The sewage pond scheme around Puketutu was hated by everyone - not just for the smell and pollution of the harbour, but also for the plagues of midges (MHS, 2008). Construction of the airport from 1966 onwards has seen continual conversion of farms and market gardens into commercial/industrial parks, with the last remaining farm being sold to the airport in 1997.

PARKS AND OPEN SPACES

Tidal Rd Reserve 0.0294ha

Pukaki Rd 1.861ha

House Park 6.967ha

Waokouri Pl Esplanade 0.0736ha

Naylors Esplanade Reserve 3.595ha

Cyclamen Park 0.294ha

George Cox Reserve 3.598ha

Pavilion Park 9.157ha

Oruarangi Rd Esplanade 33.366ha

Gee Pl Reserve 0.116ha

Portage Rd Reserve 16.072ha

Otuataua Stonefields Reserve 42.80ha

Cinnamon Rd Reserve 0.358ha

Old School Reserve 3.894ha

Peninsula Point Reserve 6.399ha

Puketutu Island Reserve 100.78ha

Pukaki Crater Reserve 69.728ha

PARKS AND OPEN SPACES SUMMARY

0 20

1 20

0 20

Off Leash Dog Areaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

Toilet Blocks

Community Gardens

Skateparks

3 20

<500m to a Town Centre

Carparking Facilities

Adjacent to a Main Road

2 20

Playgrounds

Sports Facilities

Open Grass Reserves

<500m to a School

<500m to a Church

community food production

ecological features

contaminated site

clubrooms

skatepark

toilets

exercise equipment

playground

parking

boat ramp

dog walking

volleyball

badminton

baseball

tennis

basketball

netball

soccer

rugby

PARKS AND OPEN SPACES INVENTORY

Cinnamon Road Reserve Cyclamen Park Gee Place Reserve George Cox Reserve House Park Naylors Esplanade Reserve Old School Reserve Oruarangi Road Esplanade Oruarangi Road Reserve Otuataua Stonefields Reserve

Pavillion Park

Peninsula Point Reserve Portage Road Reserve Pukaki Crater Reserve Pukaki Road Puketutu Island Retreat Park Rock Daisy Crescent Reserve Tidal Road Reserve Waokauri Place Esplanade conservation

sport & active

informal

AREA MAPPING MANGERE SOUTH

PUBLIC OPEN SPACE

0.5

Sport and Active Informal Conservation

0.5

STREAMS

Stream

0.5

RESIDENTIAL

Residential

0.5

FUTURE URBAN

Future Urban

0.5

INDUSTRIAL

Industrial

0.5

SCHOOLS

School

0.5

CHURCHES

Church

0.5

OTHER COMMUNITY FACILITIES

Other Community Facility

0.5

MARAE

Marae

0.5

ISSUES & OPPORTUNITIES: MĀNGERE SOUTH

ISSUES • • • • • • •

Mangere South has Aucklands best soils which is currently being developed to the Auckland Airport expansion. Mangere South is a heavily industrialized and commercialized area. Mangere South is a heavily infrastructured area. Mangere South has heavy air pollution due to the infrastructure and its surrounding built environment. Mangere South and Auckland Airport produces noise pollution. Water surrounding Puketutu Island is heavily polluted due to waste water. Mangroves heavily surround Mangere South coastal edges leading to more silt.

OPPORTUNITIES • • • • •

Auckland Airport is being developed producing new jobs and could direct thinking into better quality park spaces. Potential to develop a better future urban spaces. Mangere South and Auckland Airport has the potential to utulise rich soil potential. Opportunity to restore and connect Significant Ecological areas - Stonefields, Crater Hill and Pukaki Lagoon. Opportunity to colaborate with Auckland Airport and their developments.

Cyclamen Park

Cinnamon Park

Pukaki Crater

Peninsula Park

Puketutu Island

Rentons Beach

Old School Reserve

Peninsula Park

Otuataua StoneďŹ elds 61

Created: Thursday, 12 March 2015,1:29:23 a.m.

Â´

Mangere Bridge 1959 Scale @ A4 1:15000

MĀNGERE BRIDGE

1932

Māngere Bridge is an old established suburb, with the first Europeans arriving in the 1800s, and a ferry service connecting the rural community to Onehunga beginning in 1847. The first Māngere bridge was built in 1875 and changed the dynamic of the settlement from a ferry staging post to become a small village. The bridge was rebuilt in 1915 and again in 1983, and was then duplicated in 2010 to cope with the increased growth expected as more of South Auckland opens up. The excellent volcanic soil around Māngere Mountain had been gardened by Māori for centuries. Europeans settlers farmed from the early 1800s until the early 1900s when Chinese immigrants leased much of the land for market gardens, providing vegetables for the Auckland market. The Chinese market gardeners eventually moved out to Pukekohe when rates became too expensive. The Ambury Milk Co was the town supply milk farm from 1893 to

1965

2012

1965. The old farm became Ambury Farm Regional Park in 1984. Māngere Mountain provided sites for a hall, clubs, tennis, bowls and sports fields. The facilities for clubs and grounds were developed at grassroots level by dedicated locals donating land, buildings and time to make them happen. The rugby club started in 1948 at the mountain grounds, and the Pony Club in 1949. Ambury Park now hosts specialised Riding for the Disabled facilities. As the community has grown, many of the sports teams have moved away from the small, original grounds and over to the purpose-built facilities in Māngere Central. The original motorsport track no longer exists, but the long affinity of motorsport with South Auckland still exists with many clubs operating from leased farmland out at Puhinui near the airport.

PARKS AND OPEN SPACES

Pikitea Road Reserve 0.10ha

Mahunga Drive Esplanade 0.20ha

Anarahi Park 0.167ha

Kiwi-house Park 0.172ha

Kamaka Park 0.59ha

Mahunga Rd Reserve 0.22ha

Black Bridge Reserve 1.15ha

Waterlea Park 1.38ha

Crawford Rd Reserve 0.25ha

Kiwi Ngaio Park 0.22ha

Manukau Park 0.94ha

Rose Garden Reserve 0.753ha

Swanson Park 1.68ha

Hastie Rd Reserve 1.64ha

Mangere Domain 47.15ha Kiwi Esplanade 9.13ha

Ambury Park 193.35ha

PARKS AND OPEN SPACES SUMMARY

1 22

3 22

1 22

Off Leash Dog Areaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

Toilet Blocks

Community Gardens

Skateparks

5 22

<500m to a Town Centre

Carparking Facilities

Adjacent to a Main Road

8 22

Playgrounds

Sports Facilities

Open Grass Reserves

<500m to a School

10 22

<500m to a Church

community food production

ecological features

contaminated site

clubrooms

skatepark

toilets

exercise equipment

playground

parking

boat ramp

oďŹ&#x20AC;-leash dog walking

badminton volleyball

softeball

tennis

basketball

netball

soccer

rugby

PARKS AND OPEN SPACE INVENTORY

Ambury Regional Park Anarahi Park Crawford Road Reserve Hastie Avenue Reserve Kamaka Park Kiekie Road Reserve Kiwi Esplanade Kiwi Ngaio Park Kiwi-House Park Mahunga Reserve 1 Mahunga Reserve 2 Mangere Domain Manukau Park Naomi and Bill Kirk Park Pikitea Road Reserve Purata Park Ridgemount Rise Rose Garden Reserve Swanson Park Te Puea Marae Reserve Waterlea Park Wellesley Road Reserve sport & active

informal

AREA MAPPING MANGERE BRIDGE

PUBLIC OPEN SPACE

0.5

Civic and Community Sport and Active Informal Conservation

0.5

STREAMS

Stream

0.5

RESIDENTIAL

Residential

0.5

INDUSTRIAL

Industrial

0.5

COMMERCIAL

Neighbourhood Centre Local Centre

0.5

SCHOOLS

School

0.5

CHURCHES

Church

0.5

LIBRARIES

Library

0.5

OTHER COMMUNITY FACILITIES

Other Community Facility

0.5

MARAE

Marae

0.5

ISSUES & OPPORTUNITIES: MĀNGERE BRIDGE OPPORTUNITIES •

•

ISSUES • •

•

Mangere Bridge has experienced a steep rise in house prices along with significant gentrification, most notably over the last 5-10 years. This has contributed to rising inequality within the area. Mangere Bridge has the highest median income of all the 6 sub-areas, while also having a lower proportion of people who hold formal qualifications and qualifications at the tertiary level compared to Auckland as a whole. This highlights the challenge of providing public space for a community experiencing growing disparity. While Mangere Bridge has a slight majority of European people (unlike the other 5 sub-areas), it still has larger proportions of Maori and Pacifica people compared to the rest of Auckland. This should be reflected in the public open space serving this diverse community. State Highway 20 disconnects the industrial area from the rest of Mangere Bridge. It also acts a visual barrier along the coastline at Waterfront Road Reserve. Mangere Bridge has a greater proportion of both under 15s and over 65s compared to Auckland as a whole. The area has the highest median age of all the 6 sub-areas. This presents specific challenges for public open space such as accesibility and provision of play spaces. Mangere Bridge has proportionally more families living intergenerationally or with other families in single households, compared to Auckland as a whole. Mangere Bridge has a lower proportion of households with access to the Internet compared to the rest of Auckland. The Internet can be useful as a tool in reactivitating public open space but this needs to be cross-checked with the community in question.

•

• •

•

Mangere Bridge has a great legacy of food culture, from the early Maori settlers who developed gardens around the volcanic cones that spread across the landscape, to the European farmers and Chinese market gardeners who later benefitted from the area’s fertile soil. Some of the knowledge and skills around food growing still exist within the community, particularly with the older generation who typically have more experience in ‘backyard gardening’. Mangere Mountain and Ambury Regional Park are examples of public space which include elements of food growing and reflect the history and culture of the area, with Toitu te Whenua community garden based at Mangere Mountain Eduction Centre and the working farm at Ambury. These large parks are regional attractions and are assets to the wider Auckland community. Likewise, the Kiwi Esplanade cycleway and connecting Watercare Coastal Walkway attract Aucklanders from all over, however it is difficult to say whether these spaces are capturing the interest and use of the local community. While these regional attractions are important, there exists an opportunity to provide for more hyperlocal spaces and activities. These could perhaps leverage and expand the existing family, sport or food culture of the area. Mangere Bridge has a thriving village centre, including a boutique market which runs every Sunday. The village centre acts as a heart for the community, where many larger-scale town centres fail to do so. Catalyzing interest in local and regional parks may begin at where the community currently meets – the village. There exists an opprtunity to connect parks use with the schools of the area, many of which have strong reputations and act as community hubs. Several of the schools include gardens in their curriculum. Mangere Bridge exists within a diverse volcanic and coastal landscape, and many of the larger-scale parks and attractions showcase this, however there are opportunities to connect with this landscape on a more local level. There is an opporutnity to build connections between park use and the strong, existing community groups such as the churches and marae of the area.

Swanson Park

Waterfront Road Reserve

Old Mangere Bridge

Kiwi Esplanade

Waterfront Road Reserve

Manukau Park

Kiwi Esplanade

Old Mangere Bridge

Ambury Regional Park 75

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Favona Otahuhu 1996 76

,1:42:43 a.m.

Scale @ A4 1:25000

ŌTĀHUHU

1854

1929

2012

Ōtāhuhu is the site of the original portage between By 1958, Ōtāhuhu had been fully subdivided, with a the Manukau and Waitematā harbours, which Māori had been using for easy travel between fishing grounds or for conquest since 1100 A.D. Each end of the portage route was guarded by pā (Simmons, 1987).

Europeans, in the form of Fencible settlers, arrived in 1848 and developed a small garrison township. Canal Reserve was set aside in 1850 for a canal to link the two harbours, although this has never eventuated. The first NZ A&P show was held in 1858 to showcase local farming, and the railroad arrived in 1875 (Ōtāhuhu-Tamaki Historical Society, 1998). In 1880, the Ōtāhuhu Domain Board was set up to manage 5 acres of land for public recreation, as industry started to develop around the township in modern-day Westfield. The 14-acre Sturges Park was a gift from local landowner, Mr Alfred Sturges, and followed on from his earlier gift of land for lawn bowls for the community in 1906. The first playing fields were developed in 1923, with many sports clubs starting up during the 1930s Depression years (OTHS, 1998).

large number of housing estates having been built for railway workers near the huge railway workshops. The population was predominantly European, with very few Māori. In the late 1970s, the 1/3 and 1/4 acre sections began to be subdivided into flats and Pacific Island families moved in. The 1980s and 90s saw a huge period of change for the suburb as many of the old industries and traditional employers closed down - Fertiliser works, railway workshops. There was another change in the ethnic mix of the community in this same period, with many Asian (Indian) families arriving, adding more colour to an already diverse suburb. Refugee families moving on from the Resettlement Centre in Māngere have also chosen Ōtāhuhu as a permanent home. Seaside Park (Ōtāhuhu north) was developed in 1983 from reclaimed land and an old tip that was transformed into recreation area and sporting facilities. Today Ōtāhuhu has moved out of recession and is a thriving Pasifika/Asian community. 77

PARKS AND OPEN SPACES

Church Foreshore St Reserve 0.299ha

Deas Reserve 0.0954

Curlew Bay Foreshore Reserve 0.145ha

McManus Reserve 0.0315ha

Atkinson Corner 0.0597ha

Murdoch Foreshore 0.096ha

Luke St East Esplanade Reserve 0.1102ha

John McAnulty Reserve 0.1994ha

Tamaki Bridge Foreshore Reserve 0.166ha

Schroffs Reserve 0.2338ha

Bedingfield Memorial Park 0.786ha

Joe F Stanley Park 1.615ha

Nelson Foreshore 0.0415ha

Portage Canal Foreshore Reserve 0.2909ha

Canal Reserve 1.09ha

Deas Foreshore Reserve 0.1274ha

Frank Grey Esplanade Reserve 0.167ha

McManus Park 0.6616ha

Fairburn Reserve 1.127ha

Sturges Park 6.127ha

Princes St East Esplanade Reserve 0.0936ha

Lippiatt Reserve 0.1364ha

Luke St Reserve 0.1845ha

Stringers Point Reserve 0.862ha

Murphy Park 1.871ha

Seaside Park 17.766ha

PARKS AND OPEN SPACES SUMMARY

3 26

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Community Gardens

Skateparks

4 26

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6 26

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Sports Facilities

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9 26

<500m to a Church

community food production

ecological features

contaminated site

clubrooms

skatepark

toilets

exercise equipment

playground

parking

boat ramp

dog walking

volleyball

badminton

baseball

tennis

basketball

netball

soccer

rugby

PARKS AND OPEN SPACES INVENTORY

Atkinson Corner Bedingfield Memorial Park Canal Reserve Church St Foreshore Reserve Curlew Bay Foreshore Reserve Deas Foreshore Reserve Deas Reserve Fairburn Reserve Frank Grey Esplanade Reserve Joe F Stanley Park John McAnulty Reserve Lippiatt Reserve Luke St East Esplanade Reserve Luke St Reserve McManus Reserve McManus Park Murdoch Foreshore Murphy Park Nelson Foreshore Princes St East Esplanade Reserve Portage Canal Foreshore Reserve Schroffs Reserve Seaside Park Stringers Point Reserve Sturges Park Tamaki Bridge Foreshore Reserve civic & community

conservation

sport & active

informal

AREA MAPPING OTAHUHU

0.5

PUBLIC OPEN SPACE

Sport and Active Informal Conservation

0.5

STREAMS

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0.5

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Residential

0.5

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0.5

PUBLIC OPEN SPACE

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0.5

STREAMS

School

0.5

RESIDENTIAL

Church

0.5

LIBRARIES

Library

0.5

OTHER COMMUNITY FACILITIES

Other Community Facility

0.5

ISSUES & OPPORTUNITIES: ŌTĀHUHU OPPORTUNITIES

Otahuhu is a largely community based town/ suburb which provides a catalyst to introduce more localised activities and initiatives in the area which can then be run/organised/dictated by the local people for the local people living in Otahuhu. • Opportunity to establish urban agriculture in the area as there is none currently existing. ISSUES • Opportunity to establish better play spaces that incorporate skate parks as there is none currently • No community gardens or areas for local organic existing. food productivity within the Otahuhu area. • Lots of small ‘left-over’ green spaces which • No skate park facilities. could be used as part of a series of public art • The Otahuhu area is of a low socio-economic installations or the like, to encourage awareness Area - 2WDKXKX &RDVW 6WUDWHJLF $UHD demographic, thus many of the existing parks and and use of these green spaces and perhaps Green Infrastructure Corridor General Business Rural Production Defence [rcp/dp] facilities that require personal equipment ie tennis another issue at hand i.e lack of pollinators, Rural and Coastal Settlement Business Park Public Open Space - Conservation Ferry Terminal [rcp/dp] Neighbourhood Centre Light Industry Public Open Space - Informal Recreation Minor Port [rcp/dp] rackets, basketballs or bicycles, cannot be used community gardens, playscapes etc. Local Centre Heavy Industry Public Open Space - Sport and Active Recreation Marina [rcp/dp] Town Centre Rural Conservation Public Open Spacesuch - Communityequipment. Mooring [rcp] by families who cannot afford • Plenty of ecological foreshore reserves which Metropolitan Centre Countryside Living Public Open Space - Civic Spaces General Coastal Marine [rcp] Strategic Transport Corridor [i] t Buildings •City CentreOtahuhu isRuralaCoastalproposed Special Housing Water Area could be utilised in a way that educates the Mixed Use Mixed Rural Road [i] Coastal Transition Hauraki Gulf Islands where fast-track affordable housing development community of the importance of cleaning water can take place in response to Auckland’s housing run-off and other urban environmental ideas. crisis. 5HHY HV 5 D\

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Favona Otahuhu 1959

Created: Thursday, 12 March 2015,1:41:28 a.m.

Favona Otahuhu 2012

FAVONA

1959

Historically, Favona was part of the rural hinterland of Auckland, with town supply farms, market gardens and nurseries being the predominant land use. In the 1950s it was zoned as a green belt, with each property being a minimum 5 acres (MHS, 2008). The explosive growth of the adjacent Otahuhu industrial area in the late 1950s meant pressure to change land usage, and heavy industry started to replace farms along the western edge of the suburb. The Favona Rd Industrial area was established during the 1950s. (OtahuhuTamaki Historical Society Inc, 1998). Pacific Steel opened New Zealandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first steelworks in 1962 on 53 acres of former farmland alongside Harania Creek. The 1960s saw more and more farmland being sold as new roads opened up for housing development.

1996

2012

The south-eastern portion of Favona formed the grounds of the Mangere Hospital (still visible on the 1996 map above). The hospital was closed in the 1990s and a 350-house subdivision built instead, with the centre of the old hospital grounds becoming Boggust Park in 1993 (Diedricks, 2013). The old hospital wings remain a significant feature of accommodation provision in this part of Favona today, having been repurposed into boarding lodges. Norana Park, in the north-eastern tip of Favona was the home of softball in Auckland from 1980 until its sale in 2009, with the location being considered â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;too isolated, not central enough, inadequate seating and the car park below parâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; (Rattue, 2008). The land is now owned by the Samoan Consulate.

PARKS AND OPEN SPACES

Hall Ave Reserve 0.0375ha

Gadsby Park 0.2455ha

Harania-Mary Reserve 1.3777ha

Donnell Park 0.2823ha

Foreshore

Lenore Foreshore Reserve 4.542ha

Wakefield Rd Reserve 0.0740ha

Ceasar Pl 0.5108ha

Dewhurst Park 0.2374ha

Harriet St 0.3313ha

Mahunga Reserve 1.125ha

Favona Esplanade 4.342ha

Boggust Park 5.904ha

Norana Ave Reserve 6.732ha

PARKS AND OPEN SPACES SUMMARY

0 14

Off Leash Dog Areaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

Toilet Blocks

Community Gardens

Skateparks

2 14

<500m to a Town Centre

Carparking Facilities

Adjacent to a Main Road

4 14

Playgrounds

Sports Facilities

Open Grass Reserves

<500m to a School

12 14

<500m to a Church

community food production

ecological features

contaminated site

clubrooms

skatepark

toilets

exercise equipment

playground

parking

boat ramp

dog walking

volleyball

badminton

baseball

tennis

basketball

netball

soccer

rugby

PARKS AND OPEN SPACES INVENTORY

Boggust Park Ceasar Park Dewhurst Park Donnell Corner Park Donnell Park Favona Esplanade Gadsby Park Hall Avenue Reserve Harania-Mary Foreshore Reserve Harriet St Park Lenore Foreshore Reserve Mahunga Reserve Norana Ave Reserve Wakefield Road Reserve conservation

sport & active

informal

AREA MAPPING

FAVONA

PUBLIC OPEN SPACE

0.5

Sport and Active Informal Conservation

0.5

STREAMS

Stream

0.5

RESIDENTIAL

Residential

0.5

INDUSTRIAL

Industrial

0.5

COMMERCIAL

Neighbourhood Centre Proposed Local Centre

0.5

SCHOOLS

School

0.5

COMMUNITY FACILITIES

Marae Church Other Community Facility

0.5

ISSUES & OPPORTUNITIES: FAVONA OPPORTUNITIES:

ISSUES: â&#x20AC;˘

insufficient playgrounds (4) for 8500 people, when 30% of that group are under the age of 15.

â&#x20AC;˘

no skateparks, community gardens, dog-exercise areas, community hall, teen hangout, town centre

â&#x20AC;˘

the two big parks, Norana and Boggust, are both on the fringes of the suburb with no through traffic

â&#x20AC;˘

there is very little green space in and amongst the residential areas of any great size

â&#x20AC;˘

there are lots of cul-de-sacs and few throughroads making travel around the suburb challenging. The housing estates have been developed piecemeal as new land opened up.

â&#x20AC;˘

north-eastern Favona and the new Special Housing Area have no schools, community facilities or shops. There is no major supermarket in Favona; only corner shops and liquor outlets.

â&#x20AC;˘

create a genuine waterfront connection along the MÄ ngere Inlet foreshore between the new SHA and Norana Park.

â&#x20AC;˘

reflect the ethnic diversity (58% Pasifika, 17% Maori, 14% Asian) with planting, signage, artworks, community space.

â&#x20AC;˘

engage with the schools and churches around community access to open space; there is no more available land in this built-up suburb.

â&#x20AC;˘

Favona has extensive waterfront along both MÄ ngere Inlet and Harania Creek that can be opened up and incorporated into everyday recreational use

â&#x20AC;˘

create a network of playstreets, and opportunity for playful moments within the existing residential streetscape, as the children play close to home

â&#x20AC;˘

talk to the community about where they see need for more community facilities, toilets, playgrounds and shops (zoning changes may be needed).

â&#x20AC;˘

plan for a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;town centreâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; with library, community space, health services, a coffee shop!

â&#x20AC;˘

plan, design and build a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;teenzoneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; playspace (or two) in conjunction with the local schools, churches and local board.

â&#x20AC;˘

enhance the crossing on Favona Rd that links the main residential area to the entry point for Norana Park. Plan a crossing for Robertson Rd/Walmsley Rd intersection to new SHA development.

SPOTLIGHT: SPECIAL HOUSING AREA in FAVONA WEST 6SHFLDO +RXVLQJ $UHD :DOPVOH\ 5RDG 0DQJHUH UNITARY PLAN ENVIRONMENT

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Defence [rcp/dp]

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Business Park

Public Open Space - Conservation

Ferry Terminal [rcp/dp]

Large Lot

Neighbourhood Centre

Light Industry

Public Open Space - Informal Recreation

Minor Port [rcp/dp]

Single House

Local Centre

Heavy Industry

Public Open Space - Sport and Active Recreation

Marina [rcp/dp]

Mixed Housing Suburban

Town Centre

Rural Conservation

Public Open Space - Community

Mooring [rcp]

Mixed Housing Urban

Metropolitan Centre

Countryside Living

Public Open Space - Civic Spaces

General Coastal Marine [rcp]

Terrace Housing and Apartment Buildings

City Centre

Rural Coastal

Strategic Transport Corridor

Water [i]

Future Urban

Mixed Use

Mixed Rural

Road [i]

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Southpark Corporation plans to develop housing on vacant land at 50-78 Mahunga Drive, 89-133 Walmsley Road and 2-8 Favona Road. The development at Favona is for approximately 1,600 affordable new homes (approximately 5000 people), with completion scheduled for 2020. The development will provide a mix of housing types, including smaller one-bedroom homes and larger 3 and 4 bedroom homes, and a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;wellness centreâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, employment centre, family centre and preschool. The development also includes approximately 1.2 hectares of parks and reserves.

Norana Park

Boggust Park

Harania Marys Reserve

James Fletcher Esplanade

102

CASE STUDIES &

ACTIVATION STRATEGIES

103

YOUTH AND GANGS

Youth gangs have been part of the social landscape of South Auckland for decades. Some are ethnicbased, others are gender-based, and others are organised more around age-groups. Some gangs belong to very localised neighbourhoods; others have affiliations across a wider region e.g. Māngere and Otāra. This is not the forum to discuss how and why gangs develop, however it is pertinent to look at some of the recommendations put forward by current and ex-gang members and social agencies to give kids other options within their communities for recreation and socialisation.

•

increased SCHOOLS

community participation to lead change within own communities, and programmes that include parents too (increase family cohesion).

need to keep on top of rubbish collection, hygiene around shopping centres, tagging and street maintenance to foster sense of civic pride.

Centre for Social Research and Evaluation (2008). Youth gangs in Counties Manukau. Report for Ministry of Social Development. Retrieved from: https://www.msd.govt.nz/.../youth-gangs.../ School youth-gangs-report-full.doc

Key Findings and Recommendations: •

there is a strong bond between Pasifika youth and their South Auckland community and they feel a sense of identity and commitment to their suburbs

•

Pasifika youth rely on youth workers to provide them with opportunities to become involved with the community;

•

the street is a major place for socialisation particularly for those not welcome at home

•

needs to be opportunities for youth to connect with each other and with access to a variety of activities including sports, music, other things of interest to youth needs to be adequate provision of youth workers and resources at youth facilities and organisations to work in a recreational capacilty with Pasifika youth. recognition of the impact of negatives: low-cost housing, low-decile schools, high unemployment, migrant communities - all factors that influence prevalence of gangs.

Nakhid, C., Tanielu, T.R. and Collins, E. (2009). paciﬁc families now and in the future: pasiﬁka youth in south auckand. Report produced for the Families Commission, Wellington, NZ.

•

104

creating events that kids want to attend and be part of gives an alternative sense of belonging to gangs; need structure, values and strong mentors community groups need adequate resourcing (including trained personnel) to run programmes that cater to the large number of kids wanting to attend - and the funding needs to be long-term, not just one-three years.

COMMUNITY FACILITIES

Church Library Other Community Facility

0.5

We feel it is important to look at the quality of the environment around the community facilities currently owned or run by Council - ensure it is well-maintained and looks appealing to go to events there. Inventory the community facilities available within the local board area and see if the space on offer is adequate for the community it serves, and whether the facilities meet the needs of the prospective users e.g. does there need to be a commercial kitchen available for people to hire? Look for gaps in provision of community venues - do some suburbs have none or are they nowhere near probable walking routes to/from school and church. Utilise the knowledge of the Youth Advisory Panel to plan events that appeal to the young people in their suburb - and resource young people to deliver them.

THRIVING COMMUNITIES

‘Thriving Communities’ is an action plan on community and social development that was created for Council by Coucil and community groups. The aspirational principles have come directly from community consultation, and form the brown inner ring in the diagram above. In short, community want council to be pro-active, flexible, solution-focussed with a long-term view, accountable, and active supporters of capacity and capability-building within communities to produce local solutions for local issues - especially for Māori communities. Translating that into things that can be implemented gives five external focus areas and one internal area:

What does this mean for Landscape Architecture? •

begin each project as a learner, and discover the stories of each community and what makes the place tick. Listen to community leaders and acknowledge they may already have the answers and just need your expertise to bring them to life

•

recognise the strengths, resources and capabiltities of the community, and focus on extending these and making them visible

•

treat projects as partnerships - an opportunity to collaborate meaningfully with local people - and allow sufficient time for this to occur

•

look for multi-use outcomes: can a walkway be a playspace, a meeting place, a school route, and an opportunity to experience art? How can this new project contribute to the fabric of the community as a whole?

•

look for resources and materials to re-use and recycle from within the community and celebrate uniqueness of place in all facets of the project

•

remind council of their community-centric goals and the vast, volunteer labour-force they have to contribute to community projects and events. 105

TE ARA MUA - FUTURE STREETS

Te Ara Mua - Future Streets is a partnership between the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment (MBIE), the Māngere-Ōtāhuhu Local Board, Auckland Transport (AT), The New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA) and seven research organisations that is piloting a $7m project to make streets safer to walk and cycle around in Māngere Central. Māngere Central was chosen because it has a high number of fatal and serious crashes, with nearly a third involving pedestrians. MBIE research teams have spent 18 months working with the Māngere community to understand how people want to move around the suburb easily and safely by bike or on foot. Different design schemes have been tested for arterial roads, collector roads, local roads and walkways to reflect their different functions within the transport network. All the improvements include new pedestrian crossings, cycle lanes, improved bus stops and landscaping, and some streets will be narrowed or feature raised entrances to encourage cars to slow down. There are plans to include artworks that reflect the Māngere community, as well as wider walkways to and through open space, new seating and signage.

Diagram of changes to Bader Dr with cycleways and crossings

Example of a local road that may include road narrowing and raised street entry.

all images and information retrieved from: www.futurestreets.org.nz https://at.govt.nz/projects-roadworks/te-ara-mua-future-streets/ 106

POP-UP PLAY & PLAY STREETS

Play Streets are events based around reclaiming residential streets as playspaces for children and families, and reconnecting neighbours and communities with each other. Streets might be closed after school for a couple of hours, for a special event or street party, or as a regular event to allow for neighbourhood play. To be successful, play streets need a local champion and council buy-in. www.streetsalive.org.uk, www.playingout.net http://www.hackney.gov.uk/play-streets.htm#.VRqU7t7Id5A

Pop-up play is a temporary playspace created entirely out of loose parts and unique to the ideas and collaboration of each group of players. One excellent Auckland example is a Trusts group on the North Shore that takes a van full of outdoor play equipment, toys and sports gear round to different parks during the summer months for families to join in and play. The image at left shows a temporary play event being set up at Onepoto Domain for preschoolers and their parents. Mobile kindergartens are another form of pop-up play, and have been trialled in Wanganui as a means of engaging families in early-childhood education in areas where there is either little provision, poor attendance, or transient communities. Creative play events with loose parts need donated materials (and lots of them) and an organising team with an idea of playwork principles and how to champion free play. Talking to participants can give insights into what play provision there is currently in the area, and also what children and young people would like to see more of.

http://www.popupadventureplay.org

Pop-up play sites can be testing grounds for future play provision in a community - or just fun! 107

ADVENTURE/TEEN PLAYGROUNDS The UK has a long history of adventure playgrounds, where children can attend free, safe, well-resourced playspaces after school and at weekends, and have an enormous amount of freedom to create and build their own environments out of loose parts. Critical to the success of adventure playgrounds are the trained playworkers who staff them and mentor children to develop new skills. One highly successful example is OasisPlay in London that incorporates an adventure playground, karting track and children’s nature garden. The goal is to improve the lives of children, young people and the local community through open access, supervised play facilities. www.oasisplay.org.uk

‘Oasis makes a significant difference to the physical and emotional health and well-being of local children and young people as well as their future life chances’ Local councillor

Cowley Teenage Space is located in a housing estate in one of the most deprived boroughs of London (Brixton). It was co-designed by teens for teens to provide for a variety of recreational needs: sports area (basketball and football), wheel park (skateboards and bikes), and two hang-out spaces. The kids wanted a cool place for themselves, but not one that was so exciting it would attract people from other neighbourhoods. High quality design and materials let teens know they are valued and welcome in public space. http://www.snugandoutdoor.co.uk/publicspace/cowley2.html http://www.freeplaynetwork.org.uk/pubs/design-for-play.pdf

KATOxVictoria designed this playspace in Slangerup, Denmark in conjunction with young teens to meet their needs for performance, dance, sport and just hanging out. There was a need to provide space for the audience, and equipment that didn’t tell teens how to play - more gave them the opportunity to devise their own play and show their prowess to their peers. The teens were involved from concept sketching right through construction, so the finished playspace had huge ownership by its intended users. Also part of this space is a small skatepark that has integral seating as part of the design; again to recognise the role of audience as part of teen play. A place to sit and chill and observe gives non-players a licence to occupy the same space as players. http://www.play-scapes.com/play-design/contemporary-design/teen-playground-kato-x-victoriaslangerup-denmark-2013/ 108

ART AS ACTIVATION OF SPACE POP is an initiative of the Waitematā Local Board in collaboration with artists to fulfil one of the goals of the Auckland Plan: to engage Aucklanders with arts experiences in their everyday lives. The two events pictured at left are ‘Walking in Trees’ which happened in Albert Park, and ‘Hikoi’ which took place in Auckland Domain. “POP’s mission is to create happenings, things, spectacles, ideas, performances, connections and experiences in your neighbourhood. POP exists to make fun, unite strangers, fuse creativity and create an instant community on every street corner. Some of these projects are annual, some monthly, others infrequent and anytime.All are designed to create a crowd, and for you to enjoy the moment.” www.pop.org.nz

Mountain Gym by Makoto Tanjiri was constructed as a temporary installation for Design Touch Tokyo in 2012, and is 5m high by 10m wide. Parts of the grid climber are designed as seating, other sections function as a stage, and nets have been installed to further extend the play possibilities within the structure. It is light, open and inviting for users to invent ways to play within the form. Lighting the whole climber at night transforms it from just a play piece to more of a performance and hang out space, and may encourage a whole new group of people to come and participate. http://www.play-scapes.com/play-design/contemporary-design/ mountain-gym-makoto-tanijiri-tokyo-2012/

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Civic Square, Central Wellington

URBAN AGRICULTURE Case Study: ‘Edible Wellington’ POP-UP GARDENS The Wellington pop-up gardens (Civic Square and Kilbirnie) were a joint City Council and Massey University venture in 2012, as part of the wider ‘Edible Wellington’ project which explores how urban design can create a sustainable urban food system. Use of recycled materials provided relatively lost cost planter boxes for a range of fruit and vegetable plants, of which the local community and other city goers were able to tend to, observe, pick and eat the fresh organic produce. The project installation had a positive community response, being especially beneficial to low-income families who can sometimes struggle to ensure fresh fruit and vegetables are part of their weekly supermarket shop. The simple act of planting fruit trees or using public space for growing freely available food can be of huge benefit to the community, as proved in Wellington and other urban agriculture projects occurring around the world. Such a tactic could be applied to the green urban spaces of Otahuhu-Mangere as part of a local food collaborative between neighborhood gardeners and other members of the community, educating people on the importance of a greener, more sustainable city with a food-resilient system.

Kilbirnie Community Pop-up Garden

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SOUTHERN INITIATIVE The

Southern Initiative is focused on growing educational achievement, economic development, job opportunities and public transport throughout the local boards of Mangere – Otahuhu, Papatoetoe Otara, Manurewa and Papakura. Mangere – Otahuhu are anchored by the Auckland Airport and the Manukau Harbour and will be a target of future growth as the airport undergoes expansion within the next 30 years. Current situation: There is a disconnection between the prosperity of major employees located in the Mangere – Otahuhu and the local community where unemployment rates are amongst the highest in Auckland. The local board advocate that 10% of contributions from the Airport should be invested in local community facilities.

As this sector undergoes expansion there will be an increase in manufacturing, logistics, tourism alongside the opportunity to increase the connection between education and future employees. This will result in a more affluent local community with more opportunities for youth. FUTURE INITIATIVES FUNDED PROJECTS: • Development of Manger Bridge town centre as a tourist destination. • Redevelopment of Kiwi Esplanade and restoration of Manukau Harbour.

• Refurbishment of Mangere town centre mall to provide all-weather shopping and provide new facilities. • Revitalisation of Mangere East town centre. • Construction of an all-weather cover for the existing Otahuhu town centre at the corner of Criterion Lane and Great South Road to provide public events facility. UNFUNDED/ ASPIRATIONAL PROJECTS: • Improvements to stormwater and wastewater infrastructure. • Develop and implement an Open Space Network Plan • Complete an Environmental Resilience and Natural Hazard study, including the Auckland wide Flood Alleviation programme. • Create new public open space at Pukaki Reserve, Puketutu Island, Miami Street Reserve and Oruarangi Creek. • Promote the culturally diverse hubs through local community and activities. • Develop and implement Mangere – Otahuhu wide community safety projects. • Promote adult literacy and numeracy courses, and early learning services. • Advocate for new community infrastructure with multiuse facilities. • Work with local businesses to create local apprenticeships for local people. • Redevelopment of Council owned elderly housing to provide more housing in Mangere Bridge, Mangere and Mangere East. • Inform future development via investigation into areas of Maori cultural interest. • Resourcing of Mana Whenua for liaison on key projects, and co-management arrangements. • Implementation of free Wi-Fi in Mangere and Otahuhu town centres. • Investigate funding support for Maori social and cultural projects. • Provision of land for existing urupa at Makaurau marae. • Completion of Kirkbride Road grade separation project along with State Highway 20A upgrade. • Create new cycling connection between Auckland Airport, Otuataua Stonefields and to the region wide cycle network. 113

CPTED Crime Prevention through Environmental Design CPTED is a concept of design public spaces that minimises risk of crime occurring in those spaces. Through the adoption of seven strategies/ or qualities for designing spaces it is possible to change the way people think about or use the space. Four overlapping principles are essential for implementing CPTED; these are surveillance, access management, territorial reinforcement and quality environments. The approach to instigating CPTED has three strategies Using natural integration of both security and changing the mindset of behaviour through details like having windows overlooking the space Organised approach, which is labour intensive; reliant on patrols by guards or police. And the mechanical approach, which incorporates â&#x20AC;&#x153;security hardwareâ&#x20AC;?: locks, lighting and CCTV (closed circuit television).

signage to promote after hours information, clearly indicated street names and keep active building frontages. Activity mix: provide for a range of activities or mixeduse developments. Consider the uses of space at night; theatres, cinemas or restaurants/ cafes. Sense of Ownership: provide a clear distinction between public and private spaces as lack of definition of ownership can lead to confusion and responsibility of places will decrease. Quality Environments: ensure regular of maintenance of facilities like fences, bus stops and playgrounds for graffiti removal etc. Provide details for emergency maintenance on relevant park signage. Physical Protection: avoid heavy or fortress-like elements; maintain permeability of screens, fences and vegetation. Integrate security cameras on building frontages. When implementing a CPTED strategy for public space it is vital to involve all relevant stakeholders including Council, police, local business owners, neighbourhood residents groups, schools/preschools, urban designers/architects.

Shifal Drive Park Takanini, demonstrating CPTED design qualities

Seven qualities of safer places have been formed which are: Access: avoid creating pedestrian tunnels or narrow passage ways, increase the number of exit points on any pathway, keep planting low level and have pedestrians and vehicles at the same height level. Visibility: maintaining clear sight lines aided through the use of permeable barriers, lighting and convex mirrors for blind corners. Do not use lighting in places not intended for night use. Layout: locate facilities in well-used areas, use

Example of CPTED strategies in dealing with private/ public boundaries

TACTICAL URBANISM Tactical urbanism is a citymaking framework which overlaps with many other similar approaches, including: Pop Up [urbanism] Guerilla [urbanism] DIY [urbanism] Adaptive [urbanism] Lean [urbanism] P2P [urbanism] Responsive/learning responsive [urbanism] Urban prototyping Iterative placemaking City repair Participatory design Urban hacking Often cited as the ‘next big thing’ in placemaking, tactical urbanism is a method for transforming public space over time, utilising small-scale or temporary interventions as tests, which inform long-term change. It is currently being adopted all over the world as an alternative to traditional planning mechanisms which fall prey to slow, clunkly change (often resulting in ‘planning fatigue’) in our increasingly dynamic and fast-paced urban environment.

More locally, Wellington City Council and Auckland Transport have recently begun utilising a tactical approach for various projects in the inner city.

Success stories include the NYC Pavement-to-Plaza programme run by New York City Department of Transportation, which includes the well-publicised pedestrianisation of Times Square.

San Fransisco led the way forward in the Parklets movement, writing and passing policy, all of which grew out of PARK(ing), a stand-alone art-cumurbanism experiment by design firm Rebar in 2005.

The current ‘cutback’ or ‘austere’ economic climate that landscape architecture operates within points towards tactical urbanism and adjacent approaches as a new paradigm of city-making that designers would do well to begin to grapple with.

At the heart of tactical urbanism is ‘bottom-up’ or grassroots action. In this context, designers work with community as facilitators, technical experts, change-agents, advocates, programmers, and collaborators to bring about the change needed in their parks, streets and cities. 115

REGIONAL COMPARISONS In order to help identify the issues and opportunities in the Māngere - Ōtāhuhu local board it is neccessary to compare the areas of Māngere - Ōtāhuhu to other developments throughout the Auckland Region to form an understanding of how the region is performing. The following numbers point out the key statistics for land use, park availability and population throughout four selected Auckland developments and the six areas of Māngere - Ōtāhuhu.

Talbot Park, Glen Innes area 4 parks ha 5.95 site residential area 0.38 ha avg area 1.53

open space area

30.6 %

pct. to site area

Hobsonville Point, Upper Harbour site area 15 parks ha 170 2.56 ha avg area 66 residential area 38.4

open space area

84 45.3 29.7

site area residential area open space area

Addison, Takanini site area ha 110 108 residential area 30

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open space area

22.5 % pct. to site area

591.3 population 0.008 ppl per ha 0.002 ppl per park ha

4342 population 0.039 ppl per ha 0.008 ppl per park ha

219 homes

avg section size

4.7:1 house park ratio

1737 homes

avg section size

1.7:1 house park ratio

16 parks 1.85 ha avg area 35.3 % pct. to site area

4200 population 0.020 ppl per ha 0.007 ppl per park ha

1680 homes

14 parks 2.14 ha avg area 27.7 % pct. to site area

7150 population 0.015 ppl per ha 0.004 ppl per park ha

2860 homes

avg section size

1.5:1 house park ratio

avg section size

3.6:1 house park ratio

MĀNGERE - ŌTĀHUHU

Favona 260.4 site area 145 residential area 27 open space area

14 parks 1.94 ha avg area 10.4% pct. to site area

8514 population 0.03 ppl per ha 0.003 ppl per park ha

22 parks 11.54 ha avg area 39.6 % pct. to site area

9261 population 0.069 ppl per ha 0.027 ppl per park ha

1809 homes

avg section size

5.3:1 house park ratio

Mangere Bridge 642 245 254

site area residential area open space area

669 248 53

site area residential area open space area

2823 223 287

3015 homes

avg section size

0.9:1 house park ratio

Otahuhu ha

26 2.03ha 7.9 %

parks avg area pct. to site area

13680 0.04 0.003

population ppl per ha ppl per park ha

site area residential area open space area

20 14.3 ha 10.1 %

parks avg area pct. to site area

7119 0.39 ha 0.040

population ppl per ha ppl per park ha

289 225 39

site area residential area open space area

20 1.95 ha 13.4 %

parks avg area pct. to site area

12747 0.022 0.003

population ppl per ha ppl per park ha

461 318 53

site area residential area open space area

17 parks 3.11 ha avg area 11.4 % pct. to site area

3903 homes

avg section size

4.6:1 house park ratio

Mangere South 1578 homes

avg section size

0.7:1 house park ratio

Mangere Central 2751 homes

avg section size

5.7:1 house park ratio

Mangere East ha

24951 population 0.018 ppl per ha 0.001 ppl per park ha

2751 homes

avg section size

6.0:1 house park ratio

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IMAGE CREDITS Fig. 1 Sourced from http://www.aucklandcity. govt.nz/dbtw-wpd/manukaudatabases/Journey/ photos/18406feba.htm#

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REFERENCES Te Ä&#x20AC;kitai Waiohua. (2012). Cultural Impact Assessment for TeÄ&#x20AC;kitai Waiohua for the Southern Consortium. Auckland, New Zealand: Author. Retrieved from: http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/ council/documents/districtplanmanukau/changes/ pc35/pc35culturalimpactassessmentteakitai.pdf Simmons, D. (1987). Maori Auckland. Bush Press Communications Ltd. Auckland, New Zealand. Simmons, D. (2013). Greater Maori Auckland. Bush Press Communications Ltd. Auckland, New Zealand. Phillips-Gibson, E. (2006). Tamaki-makaurau: Myths and legends of Auckland landmarks. Reed Publishing (NZ) Ltd. Auckland, New Zealand. Payne, V. (2005). Celebrating Mangere Bridge. WJ Deed Printing Ltd. Waiuku, New Zealand. Mangere Historical Society. (2008). The Changing Face of Mangere: A Rainbow of Memories. AUckland, New Zealand: Author. Mangere Historical Society. (2001). Memories of Mangere. WJ Deed Printing Ltd. Waiuku, New Zealand. Otahuhu-Tamaki Historical Society Inc. (1998). A Passing Parade: a reflection of 150 years in Otahuhu. WJ Deed Printing Ltd. Waiuku, New Zealand. Rattue, C. (2008, July 19). Softball: Softball diamonds are not forever. The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved from: http://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article. cfm?c_id=4&objectid=10522349 Diedricks, L. (2013, November 13). New additions to Footprints database [Web blog post]. Retrieved from: http://heritageetal.blogspot.co.nz/2013/11/newadditions-to-footprints-database.html

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