ARCHERY = INCLUSION by Kayleigh Ivanov

01.

02.

Brief History of Archery

Bows & Kit Modifications

The evolution of archery from the use of it as a weapon to the Olympic and Paralympic games.

Different types of bows people shoot and can be adapted depending on any particular requirements.

03.

04.

Amazing People In Archery

Competitive Archery

Various archers who have not let anything get in their way and have the determination to get to the top.

How the games are where archery is mainly televised and how they have evolved over the years.

05.

06.

Photo Study of Archers

Online Interviews

Photos taken to show the range of people taking part in the sport, At both club and at competition.

The interviews that were answered by a few coaches and archers of different levels.

07.

Different Perspectives Here gives a brief overview of the booklets which were handed out to various archers.

The first half of this document holds the research that has been gathered in re-guards to my major project looking at Inclusion and Archery. Research was mainly focussed on the background of archery, how it has evolved over the years through different cultures and how its purpose has changed from something that was used for hunting and war to having the ability to change peoples lives for the better. The research has also looked at different opinions from different archers from varying backgrounds. While also looking at some opinions from archery coaches who have worked with a wide range of people and abilities. Alongside these theoretical sides of the research I looked at more creative methods such as a photo study and gathering opinions etc. from archers though them filling out a diary.

Brief History of Archery The evolution of archery from the use of it as a weapon to the Olympic and Paralympic games.

By looking at the history of archery it was meant to open up peoples views to the ways in which archery is no longer a violent and evil thing but something that has amazing healing and helpful qualities instead.

rchery is one of the oldest arts to still be practiced today.

It has stood the test of time and has evolved alongside man kind, from a weapon or hunting tool to something that is a sport in the Olympic games. The act of shooting an arrow has now been adopted for meditative qualities. Archery has likely been around since man kind took its initial steps on earth (dating roughly back to the stone age 20,000BC). There is evidence of ancient archers being found across the world. The earliest people known to have adopted bows and arrows as part of their lives were the Ancient Egyptians. Since roughly 3,000BC archery was used for the purpose of war and hunting. Egyptian archers would go into battle on chariots drawn by war horses. Due to the long nature of the bows used by the ancient Egyptians it was difficult to use them when on horseback. A chariot also provided more stable footing for the archers and there was the room to carry more ammunition than a man was able to carry on Horseback. Egyptian bows were commonly made out of Animal horns or wood with the string being made from sinew.

Fig 1.

rchery was also rather prevalent in china.

A symbol, then, of leadership and nobility, skill with the bow was expected to be displayed in various archery competitions. Warriors, senior officials and administrators had to prove their ability at archery, which was also thought to reveal the personâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s moral character. Archers skills were not permitted to become rusty as junior army officers were required to pass an archery test each year. The earliest evidence of archery in China was during the Shang Dynasty (1766BC - 1027BC). During this period archery was primarily used for war. Much like in ancient Egypt, archers in going into battle in the Chinese army would be on chariots. The chariot would also be carrying a lancer and a driver. Archers during this period would use a form of the Recurve bow that was far more advanced and sophisticated than that of the Egyptians. Following the Shang Dynasty was the Zhou Dynasty (1027BC - 256BC) During which nobles at court would attend archery tournaments that would be accompanied by music and interspersed with various forms of entertainment. Fig 2.

hina brought archery to Japan in the 6th Century it began to have an overwhelming impact on their culture then and still has to this day.

Archery plays a big part within the meditative and spiritual aspects of the Japanese culture with the martial art originally known as “Kyujutsu” or known in English as the art of the bow or more commonly today “Kyudo” The way of the bow. When making referencing to modern Kyudo it is practised primarily for physical, moral and spiritual development. Kyudo is a very meditative form of archery. Those practising the art of Kyudo have to perform certain movements and rituals before each shot both during training and competition. They must also wear special types of clothing. Kyudo is practised by thousands of people worldwide. As of 2005, the International Kyudo Federation had 132,760 graded members. Masters of Kyudo are referred to as Kyudoka.

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n other parts of the world archery was also taken rather seriously when it again came to warfare.

During the Greco-Roman period there is evidence of archery frequently being seen as a key feature on their pottery being used again for hunting and warfare. In the middle east however their superiority within archery due to their equipment and technique reigned for centuries. The Assyrians and Parthians were likely the first to master the art of horseback archery. Again within the middle east the well known warrior Attila the Hun and his Mongolian army conquered much of Europe and Asia with their mastery of the bow and arrow. Archery was also a key weapon of choice by the Turks during the crusades with many of their archers throwing back their opponents. They also had come to master the art of shooting from horseback using this as a key advantage when in battle. Examples of these can be seen in both Fig 4 and Fig 5.

ow looking closer to home (great Britain) the English Longbow during the middle ages was a force to be reckoned with.

Longbow archers at this time were seen to be key tools when it came to warfare. they were used in famous battles such as the hundred years war and Agincourt. A war longbow archer around this time would have shot a bow with a draw weight of around 150-160lbs (68-73kg) and would be provided with around 65 arrows and would shoot around 6 in a minute. The bow itself would be most commonly made of yew and would measure over 6ft in length. An archer in battle would not carry arrows in a quiver but would have them stabbed into the ground at their feet so it made the process of reloading an arrow far more efficient. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The longbow was the machine gun of the Middle Ages: accurate, deadly, possessed of a long range and rapid rate of fire, the flight of its missiles was likened to a stormâ&#x20AC;? (Kaiser,1980) However the use of archery in battle grew out of favour in the coming years due to the advancement of guns.

Archery in Pop Culture Archery has featured in popular culture for many years. The basis of this started out in folklore around the world. The most common and well known of these tales was that of robin hood. A notorious archer based in Nottingham who used to steal from the rich and give to the poor has stood the test of time with it being made into many film adaptations, TV series and even appearing as an animated fox in the Disney cartoon. However it was also prevalent within Greek mythology in the form of Odysseus who again was a very skilled archer who won back his wife with his talents using a bow and arrow. In more modern Literature and film archers are still making appearances which have boosted the popularity of the sport especially within younger generations. these are: Legolas - Lord of the rings books and films. Green arrow - From the TV series archer. Katniss Everdeen - The Hunger Games books and films.

Fig 8.

Bows & Kit Modifications Different types of bows people shoot and can be adapted depending on any particular requirements.

Through brief research into the types of bows it gives the reader an idea of how archery has advanced and how the different bows can be modified to fit the person and make it comfortable for the person to shoot.

he recurve bow is one that has been around for many years. It gained itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s name due to the fact it had curves in the bow rather than the straight design or a longbow. Due to these curves more power could be sent into the arrow upon release making it faster and more efficient. The modern recurve bow is made up of many different components. (as shown in the diagram) This is the most popular bow used by European and Asian archers. South Korea in particular dominate the recurve archery competition mainly in the ladies division. The Recurve is the only bow permitted within the Olympic games. Male archers typically shoot around 50lbs on average off their fingers whereas women will shoot roughly 40lbs off their fingers. But both shoot the same distance in competition. A recurve archer holds the string using only three fingers protected by multiple layers of leather. They aim through a simple sight with no magnification. The archers draw length is also on average 27 inches and is pulled back until the string touches their face. It is far more accurate than the traditional longbow and takes time to build up strength to move through the draw weights but the bows can be as light as 14lbs for starting out.

Arrows

Arm Guard

Sight Pin

Sight Bar

Top & Bottom Limbs

Riser

Finger Tab V-Bar & Extender Button

Short Rods

Long Rod Fig 9.

he compound bow was first developed in 1966 by Holless Wilbur Allen in Billings, Missouri, and a US patent was granted in 1969.

The compound bow is far faster and more efficient than that of the recurve bow. This bow uses a cam and pulley system that bends the limbs when it is pulled back. Target archers typically use a mechanical release aid that they attach to the string to pull back the bow. This gives greater efficiency again as there is less error involved than letting it go with your fingers. Compound archers typically shoot bows of draw weights ranging from 40-60lbs. Due to the Pulleys and cams there is a â&#x20AC;&#x153;let offâ&#x20AC;? of around 70% so the archer isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t holding all of the draw weight on their shoulders. In target competitions compounds are also limited to 60lbs. Compared to a recurve bow the archer aims through a magnified sight which means they see the target larger when they are aiming. It is far easier to hold the bow steady due to the fact the archer is not under strain from the heavy draw weight. Compound is currently not allowed within the Olympic games but it is allowed within the Paralympics in the Compound open and W1 categories.

Arrows

Cams

Scope

Release Aid

Long Rod

Short Rod

Cams

Sight Bar

Compound Riser & Limbs

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odifications to the traditional archery kit is something that is fairly common when it comes to the disabled side of the sport. To be specific a kit modification is something that has been specially designed to aid an archer who has various disabilities to shoot comfortably. The amazing aspect about this means there is nothing really holding an archer back from enjoying and competing within the sport at both lower and higher levels. Depending on the disability there may have to be a larger number of modifications required than others but there are really endless possibilities to what can be done to aid an archer. For those who shoot a compound bow there are more posibilites for modifications than a recurve archer. Mechanical releases can be made which help people release a compound bow in a manner of ways by using their mouth,face or by pulling a string attached to the release mechanism. This is because there could be coordination or muscular issues as-well as a form of deformity. If the persons arm is deformed in such ways that they are unable to hold a release aid then they can use a harness system to help them. The harness system which is made for the archers is typically made from an American football shoulder pads. These are sturdy and can be easily strapped to the person who is using it. They can then be modified to the person and if needed it can be moulded and adapted further. An example of modifications to a compound can be seen in Fig 11. an archer named John Walker. John was sat in a wheelchair and had a shoulder harness fitted to his right shoulder and he would push the bow forward with his left arm. To release he would pull a string attached to the release mechanism located within the shoulder harness.

rchers of both compound and recurve bow styles may also have disabilities that mean they have to adapt to being able to shoot from their wheelchair especially if they have suffered spinal cord injuries. However other archers who in everyday life use a set of crutches, sticks or again a wheelchair but are able to control their bodies more, shoot from a stool that has been specifically designed to fit their needs. By shooting from a stool it means they are able to be more stable while shooting as they may have spasms throughout their body, or have illnesses like MS which effects the persons muscles. These stools are specially designed for the person and how they have to sit to be able to shoot comfortably. As can be seen in Fig 12. on the right this man Dave Phillips is shooting from a stool that has been modified from a standard drummers stool. He suffers from MS and is very unsteady on his feet using crutches or a mobility scooter to get around normally. The main difference in kit modifications between bow styles is that, unlike a compound archer recurve archers are not allowed to use a mechanical device

to release the string so in many cases where the person is unable to use their hand/fingers to let go of the string they use their teeth to shoot. How they do this is by having a piece of leather or plastic attached to the string which they hold with their teeth and to draw the bow they push away from themselves with their other arm that is holding the bow and simply open their mouths to release the string and shoot the arrow. This can be seen within Fig 13.on the right of a man who has been injured in combat getting ready to shoot. There is also a very simple but amazing way in which visually impaired or blind people are able to shoot. Archers of both compound and recurve disciplines use a tactile sight that sits on a tripod and they use the feel of it sitting on the back of their had to tell they are aiming in the right place. An example of a recurve archer using a tactile sight can be seen within Fig 14. These are just a few examples of how kit can be modified either on the bow itself or a way for the person to be comfortable while practicing and competing. There is really no limit for an archer.

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Fig 13.

Fig 14.

Amazing People In Archery Various archers who have not let anything get in their way and have the determination to get to the top.

By researching and reading into these amazing archers it then would show how athletes within the sport have overcome aspects in their lives and it means there could be developments made in the rest of the project through this.

John Stubbs In 2017 BBC sport released an article on Para archer John Stubbs. This looked into how he came to take up archery and helped his mental well-being and general health after a motor bike accident left him with only 1 leg and severe depression. ‘I realised I had a lot more to offer’ Stubbs received treatment at a clinic in Worthington, Manchester, where he realised his situation was better than other people in less favourable circumstances. With his new-found determination and drive to succeed in life, Stubbs tried a variety of sports before finding his true purpose, armed with a bow and a set of arrows, in 1994. Stubbs has gone on to have a very successful archery career and prove to himself and others that when you are determined and work hard you can achieve anything no matter what disability or mental challenges you have had to overcome. The anniversary on Stubbs accident is something that had always brought back awful memories and feelings for him but on he claimed two gold medals and a silver at the 2013 World Para-

archery Championships in Thailand on its 24th anniversary. This then changed the way he thought on this day and has turned a truly horrible day into one that has new amazing memories. Stubbs has went on to compete world wide making appearances at the Paralympics in 2008, 2012, and 2016. He won Gold in 2008 and again took his place on the podium again in 2016. This man is truly amazing and unstoppable. He is currently recovering from an injury but will be back fighting for his place again on the Paralympics team.

“It felt like a shock treatment to me. Going in there and seeing people that would love to be in the position I was. It was that kind of place where they relied on other things to keep them going,” he said. “I always used to look at that date in a negative stance because that’s the day my whole world changed,” he said. “I did that every year right up until I won gold on that day. To compete and win a gold medal on what usually was a sad day... I used to remember that day for all the wrong reasons but now it will be remembered for a good reason.”

Fig 15.

Matt Stutzman Aka the armless archer

Matt was born with no arms and it meant that even the most simple of tasks took a little longer to learn. However he managed to learn how to feed himself, write and even drive in a car that has not been modified in any way. He uses his feet as any regular person would use their hands. He always set out to show that his disability would never hold him back. However when he sat his driving test he failed even though he did nothing wrong. The examiner was too nervous to let him pass due to using his feet to drive. This was the first time he had felt rejected and different. In 2008 he had 2 young sons that he was trying to provide for. He worked any job that he could and then one morning he thought if I got a bow and took down a deer then I could put food on the table. He bought the bow and googled how to shoot a bow with no arms. Surprisingly there was nothing. So he practiced for days and soon he managed to shoot his first deer and feed his family for the winter. Matt was then invited to his first archery tournament and did not place last. He was approached by a bow manufacturer who wanted to sponsor him. His friend said that they were only sponsoring him because he had no arms and not because he was good.

He realised this was true. He spent months practicing become the best he could and realised that archery was what he was meant to do. he wanted to prove his friend and others wrong and show that he could master the bow and arrow. In 2012 he stood on the Paralympics stage and everyone he competed against had both their arms and hands. He WON the Silver Medal. He has then went on to shoot a world record for the longest most accurate shot of over 300 yards. He has won national and international able bodied tournaments and is in training to compete in his third Olympic games of Tokyo 2020.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;What first looks like a miss from a different perspective is a bullseye. I see things not for what they are but for what they could beâ&#x20AC;?

This man went on to prove so many people wrong and paved the way for other armless people to try the sport and to succeed. He has shown that it does not matter what a person may look like to the outside world. It is when they look within themselves where they truly see the potential that they have.

Hazel Chaisty Hazel is from Manchester and lost her left leg in a motorcycle accident in 2004. Since then she has battled depression everyday of her life. “I take strong medication to help with that and I refuse to be ashamed or embarrassed to admit it. I also rely on the skill of our team psychologist and the bond I have with my coach to help me to cope with being an athlete. At home, I have a wonderful family that I can talk openly about how I’m feeling.” However with all of these inner fights going on she still manages to train and continue her road to her first Paralympics games in 2020. She took up the sport in 2012 and made her first international debut just 2 years later in 2014. Hazel over the years has continued to grow and improve as an archer and in 2019 she reached 5th in the Ladies recurve world Para rankings and won a silver medal in the Fazza Para Archery World Ranking Tournament in Dubai in April. “I get Goosebumps when I think of pulling on the GB shirt in Tokyo, and I’ve got my head down now to make sure I get the spot on the plane with glory on my mind.” Fig 16.

Simon Terry Simon first picked up a bow at 8 years old and went on to have an outstanding junior career. This early success meant he was selected for the 1992 Olympic games at just 18 years old. He qualified 20th then went on to win the bronze medal for the Gents individual recurve. He also won the team bronze medal alongside Steven Hallard and Richard Priestman. At the end of 1993 he walked away from the sport frustrated and low on funds. After a 13 year break from the sport he was inspired by the prospect of a home Olympics he picked the bow back up in 2006 and began training. Selected for a second Olympic Games in 2008 he rose to a career high of second in the world rankings in mid-2009 when he won the individual silver medal at the World Cup. He was then again selected for the 2012 Olympics 20 years after making it to his first games. He showed that you can step away from archery and come back. Also with the determination and work ethic you can even make it back to Olympic level. Fig 17.

Zahra Nemati Zahra Nemati is arguably the most popular and successful female Paralympian to come from Iran. She managed to qualify a place for Iran in both the Olympics and Paralympics in Rio 2016. She then went on to compete in both games and is the first person to do so since Italy’s Paola Fantato at Atlanta 1996. She also carried the flag for Iran at the Olympic games opening ceremony.

“Representing as a Paralympian sent an essential message to the world,” Nemati said. “That’s an important message that a Paralympian can qualify for Olympics to compete with elite [able-bodied] athletes and also act as a flag bearer for the country. I was so glad to forward this message with my presence in Rio Olympic Games.”

Danielle Brown Danielle is a former GB Paralympics archer. She shoots from a custom designed stool as she suffers from reflex sympathetic dystrophy meaning she is in constant pain. She had an amazing career as a Para archer winning her first world Para championship gold medal in 2007. She then went onto compete in the 2008 Olympic games and again won individual gold. In 2010 she qualified for the able bodied commonwealth games representing England and went on to win a gold medal alongside Nicky Hunt and Nichola Simpson in the team event. In 2012 she again won an individual Paralympic old medal. In the same year she also won the Indoor World Cup stage in Nimes and got a silver medal at the World Cup Finals in Tokyo, both in the able-bodied category. She was an inspiring Para archer who didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t let her disability define her as disabled only. She could hold her own amongst archers no matter of disability. Fig 17.

Khatuna Lorig Khatuna is currently 46 years old and is training hard to go compete at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics which would be her 6th games. She is a woman who is not letting age get in her way and is going for it no matter what. With over 30 years of shooting experience, Khatuna has competed in 5 Olympics. In 1992 she represented USSR at the Sydney Olympics, where she earned a bronze medal in Women’s Team competing. (she was also 4 months pregnant at the time) In 2008 Khatuna represented the USA at Beijing where she earned 5th place and was honoured with carrying the US flag in the closing ceremonies. Her 4th place finish in London’s 2012 Olympic is proof that she gets better with age. “What Started As A Dream Has Turned Into A Quest. Never Mess With Someone On A Quest.”

Fig 18.

All of these archers have pushed past the boundaries and let nothing stand in their way when it comes to achieving what they want. Whether the person is disabled or able bodied they have shown something amazing and inspiring. I chose to look into these people because I felt like it was valuable for my research going onto the next stage of the project of showing young people how they too could aspire to be like these people. I also wanted to show these people as-well as they really care about the work they have put in to something they have a true passion for and this is what has got them to this point today.

Competitive Archery How the Games where archery is mainly televised and how they have evolved over the years.

Researching into the games I wanted to show the origins of archery especially that of the Paralympics and how it is a core aspect of them and is one of the few sports that shows equality across gender and disability.

Fig 19.

Archery in the Olympics “ARCHERY, ONE OF THE OLDEST SPORTS STILL PRACTICED, IS CLOSELY LINKED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIVILISATION. AS A CULTURAL ADVANCE, IT WAS COMPARABLE TO THE DISCOVERY OF FIRE AND THE INVENTION OF THE WHEEL.” Archery first appeared in the 1900 games. It appeared again in the years 1904, 1908 and 1920. In 1904 women had the opportunity to compete in the sport. It was one of the first sports in the Olympics to include both genders. The sport then had a 52 year hiatus from the games. It made a return to the Olympics in 1972 with individual events for men and women.

Montreal 1976:

LA 1984:

USA take second consecutive clean sweep of available medals (two).

Munich 1972: Archery returns to the Olympic Games after a 52-year hiatus.

Barcelona 19

Darrell Pace wins second individual Olympic title.

Moscow 1980: First non-USA champions since reintroduction - Tom Poikolainen, Keto Losaberidze.

Head - To - Head competition introduced.

Seoul 1988: Team competition introduced.

Atlanta 1996:

Sydney 2000:

992:

Atlanta 1996: 54,680 spectators. Archery coverage won the IOCâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Golden Rings award for the best Olympic sport coverage.

Beijing 2008:

Purpose-built venue. Men and Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s competition held on separate days.

Set system introduced for team competition. Korea win all four medals for the first time.

Two archery arenas, hosting matches side-by-side.

Athens 2004: Archery held in Panathinaiko Stadium, the venue for the first modern games in 1896.

London 2012: Set system introduced to individual competition. Over 60,4000 archery tickets sold, spectator satisfaction rating of 98% and archery made a core sport in the aftermath.

Fig 20.

Fig 21.

volution of Olympic Archery

Archery in the Olympics hasn’t always been the same over the years. As-well as the equipment changing and becoming more advanced than the original longbow that was used in the 1900’s the round in which they shoot to decide the winner has also changed. In 1904 the men would shoot a double York and a double American round with distances of 100, 80, 60 and 50 yards. Whereas women would shoot the double Colombia and double national rounds. ranging in distances of 60, 50, 40 and 30 yards. In the 1972 games archers would shoot a round known today as a double 1440, were the men would shoot 90m, 70m, 50m, and 30m. The women would shoot 70m, 60m, 50m and 30m. the winner would then be decided by who shot the highest total score of the two rounds.

The 1992 games were the first to introduce the Olympic round with the more exciting Head to head element of the competition. Archery had to change it’s format for the Olympics as in the earlier years the competitions took so long to complete that it was basically like watching paint dry. In the most recent games the ranking round of archery which consists of archers of both genders shooting 72 arrows at 70 meters is not televised as it would not be exciting enough to watch. The addition of the Head to Heads was decided to help with the entertainment and watch-ability of the sport for public viewing.

The format then changed again. At the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul, the single FITA Qualification Round of 144 arrows was introduced. After the Qualification Round, the top 24 competitors continued and the top 8 shot the Medal Round. This type of competition was known as the Grand FITA Round.

Archery in the Paralympics PARA ARCHERY IS REALLY THE HEART AND SOLE OF THE ORIGINAL PARALYMPICS GAMES. THIS IS EVER SINCE ARCHERY WAS USED AS A METHOD OF REHABILITATION FOR INJURED SOLDIERS AT STOKE MANDIVILLE HOSPITAL. Archery was the first sport that held an organised competition for wheelchair users and was one of the original Paralympics sports in the games held in Rome in 1960. Separate individual competitions are held for men and women, as well as mixed team events.

Fig 22.

Fig 23.

he Paralympics games see people with a wide range of disabilities competing together. The archers are split into classifications based on their disabilities.

Classifications Compound open – compound open athletes have impairment in either the top or bottom halves of their body. They compete from a wheelchair, stool or standing using a standard compound bow. Recurve open – recurve open athletes have impairment in either the top or bottom halves of their body. They compete from a wheelchair, stool or standing using a standard recurve bow. W1 – Athletes have impairment in both the top and bottom of their bodies, compete while seated in a wheelchair, and may shoot with either recurve or compound bows – with slightly modified rules.

W1 athletes using recurve bows may also use mechanical release aids, while all bows are limited to 45lb in peak draw weight and may not have peep sights, magnifying scopes or levelling bubbles. Recurve open athletes shoot the same qualification round as those in the Olympics of 72 arrows at 70 meters at a 122cm target. In the Head to Head round the archers again shoot the same format as those in the Olympics. Athletes shoot sets of three arrows – and the highestscoring athlete in the set receives two set points. The first athlete to six set points wins the match. Those in compound open and W1 shoot at 72 arrows at 50 meters on an 80cm target. The Head to Head system for this is slightly different. Athletes shoot 15 arrows, in five ends of three arrows, and the highest-scoring athlete wins the match.

Photo Study of Archers Photos taken to show the range of people taking part in the sport. Taken at my club Balbardie Archers.

By carrying out this photo study I wanted to highlight the age range within the sport and how it brings these generations together along with it showing how non-violent the sport is.

he following photo study was done so as to show the diversity in age within a single archery club.

I carried this out over a number of nights and experimented with different aspects to capture the vast ages but also the non violent aspects within the sport. Some of these photos are likely to appear in later stages of the project.

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he photos shown in the following pages were taken on a couple of regular club nights during the week.

As said earlier, by taking these photos I am hoping to show the range of ages that are in a single club but also how the atmosphere is one that isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t violent or dangerous like some people perceive it to be. I took a mixture of photos from people shooting, the equipment and also experimented with aspects of movement with a longer shutter speed to capture this. As a club we have abilities ranging from Paralympics, British Champions, Scottish champions, social and recreational archers and novices. But we all practice in the same hall together. Fig 28.

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Online Interveiws The interveiws that were answered by a few coaches and archers of different levels.

These were done as I wanted to gather information on how coaches and archers feel about the sport and especially if disabled archers feel certain pressures when in an open competition.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: MURRAY ELLIOT EX PARALYMPIC ARCHER

Q1. How did you feel when you are competing both in Para competitions and Normal competitions? A. In normal competitions I felt just like everyone else. Of course, I was aware I had challenges to overcome that others didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t, particularly pain, but I guess I always felt that a win in a normal competition was a huge achievement (triumph over adversity). I was never made to feel different in any way by others, but I did put pressure on myself to be the best I could be and prove that I could be just as good. In Para competition, I felt more pressure to win, as I was competing against others who had different but equally difficult challenges to overcome. I was always in awe of those who had more severe disabilities, and I did my best to help them to succeed. In some ways there was a significantly greater camaraderie and team spirit amongst Para archers (regardless of their country of origin) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; shared experiences I guess.

Q2. What made you chose archery as the sport for you? A. Growing up I hadn’t done any sport at all – my disability meant that I was never able to compete with others in track and field etc....... I chose archery after going to a game fair where there was some archery being done as a fun event and decided I wanted to try it. I’ve always been goal driven in my career, and I guess I felt like it was something that would be an interesting past time. I at no time considered that my disability would prevent me from doing it, and it was the first sport I’d

Q3. Did you in any way feel held back when competing? A. Sometimes I had to work hard to ensure that others had fully considered my needs. It’s not thoughtlessness or lack of desire on the part of others, just that it’s really hard to understand someone’s perspective and requirements unless you’ve been in their position, so I had to fight back my natural reluctance to make the best of a bad situation, and to actually try to involve others in making it better.

Q4. What is the point of archery to you and what it does for others? A. Archery has lots of purposes for me. It gives me goals and a reason to exercise, it allows me to defocus other stresses and worries, it provides me with achievement, satisfaction and enjoyment when it all goes well. Archery gives me the opportunity to learn about a huge amount of subtopics including equipment technology, sports technique, psychology, coaching others, strength and conditioning and bio-mechanics amongst several others, all of which satisfy some of my intellectual needs. Archery allows me to exercise my social skills, to stretch my self confidence. In terms of what it does for others, I think, pretty much the same things. If we look at Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, you can see where such activities fit into the ‘belongingness’ needs from a perspective of being socially connected to others with similar interests, the ‘esteem’ needs by providing opportunity to excel and succeed, ad also ‘self-actualisation’ needs by allowing participants to learn something about themselves, and to push their comfort zones.

I guess my disability also held me back – sometimes when the pain is severe, you do question yourself as to why you’re doing what you’re doing, but again I reflected that others have the same doubts, even able bodied people, when they’re wet, cold, tired, and so I just got on with it. You have to go at the pace of the competition, if you can’t keep up, you have to withdraw – this is even more difficult if you’re there as part of a team with a GB shirt on your back, then of course there’s an intense desire not to let the team down.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: MAGGIE SQUIRES EX GB COACH

Q1. What would you say was the biggest difference between coaching able-bodied and Para archers? A. Nothing really as it’s the coaches job to see what they can achieve.

Q2. What is it like working with para archers? A. It’s a privilege to work with all archers, however there is a sense of achievement when you see you advice acted upon, more so with less able.

Q3. Each disability is different, what was the biggest challenge you and the archer had to overcome to create a good relationship in coaching? A. It’s to explore the great range and adaptions to their abilities.

Q4. What was your position within archery GB? A. Junior coach/para when I worked there officially.

Q5. What is the challenges with coaching an archer that is in a wheelchair? A. The challenge is the level of their injuries. The chair makes no difference, they are a person first and foremost.

Q6. What are the challenges with coaching an archer with modifications to traditional kit and shooting techniques? A. The challenges are making suitable kit to each archer. Harness etc.. for one armed, stools, release aids, chair adaptions etc....

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: LLOYD BROWN FORMER OLYMPIC COACH

Q1. How long have you been an archery coach? A. I started teaching archery at a Boy Scout summer camp in 1979. I started working for Easton as an Archery Instructor in their Olympic Youth Archery Programs in 1983. I got my first Coach Certification in 1985 (Level 4 National Coach USA)

Q2. What are the various levels of archer you have coached over the years? A. I’ve coached every level from recreational beginners to the Olympic Games. In 1996 I coached Olympic Gold Medallist Justin Huish. I had been coaching him since he was 15 years old. I also coached the Gold Medal Men’s team. As you can see on my CV, I’ve coached every level including Olympic Teams, National Teams, Junior Teams, University Teams ...

Q3. What has been your official coaching roles over the years?

Q7. Do you feel that archery is the most inclusive sport in the world, and can you explain why?

A. USA Olympic coach, GB Olympic coach

Q4. In what ways have you found archery to be different to other sports in the community it creates? A. I think archery can be much more social, especially with your competitors. In other sports, you may only meet your competitors on the field while playing the game. In archery, you’re sitting with them and walking back and forth to the target with them all day. You have much more opportunity to talk and socialise.

Q5. What was the biggest challenge you and the archer had to overcome to create a good relationship in coaching? A. There are always many challenges, and sometimes a falling out. I think the biggest challenge occurs when one athlete thinks you are favouring another athlete. This creates friction and they will lose trust in you.

A. It might be, even at a competitive level. Obviously, it is a sport for both men and women. It is adaptable to nearly every disability with competitions available for all. It is an Olympic and Paralympics Sport. It is a life long sport with participants from every age and competitive opportunities for everyone. There’s a great deal of variety in styles, with Recurve, barebow, traditional, compound, horse bow…. There are many different ways to play, with target archery, field archery, indoor archery, 3-D, archery golf, clout, flight shooting, and many different rounds for each.

Q8. There are common misconceptions associated within archery, like you have to be strong, have good eyesight, its boring etc........ In what ways have these been proven to you to be wrong? A. There are blind archers, archers without any arms, really anyone can shoot. We can always find a way. It might be boring…. There are so many ways to play though, there should be something for everyone to like about the sport of archery.

Q6. What is the most rewarding aspect of being an archery coach? A. When an athlete comes back many years later and thanks me for all the help I gave them or tells me how I made a difference in their life.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: NATHAN MACQUEEN GB PARALYMPIC ATHLE TE

Q1. How did you feel when you are competing both in Para competitions and Normal competitions? A. Erm I feel like I donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have a disability when shooting competitions both able body and Para.

Q2. What made you chose archery as the sport for you? A. Archery kind of just happened I used to be a power lifter but got injured and Tara said I should try it and Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve never looked back since.

Q3. Did you in any way feel held back when competing? A. No I feel archery is a good way of levelling the playing field and one of very few sports we can compete against able bodied athletes.

y carrying out these interviews it gave really interesting insights into how I could progress this project further.

One thing I found interesting was that when speaking and reading about various disabled archers is that they donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t really feel like they have a disability when they are competing alongside others who are able bodied. Also as an archer myself who has competed directly against those who are disabled you donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t really see their disability you notice the person and the archer themselves and the skill and determination they have. I felt like this could be an insight to carry into the next stages of the project and aim it towards showing perhaps younger children in high school that it is OK to be different but it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t mean that it can hold you back from achieving something amazing be it in sport or in life. Archery as a sport is something that is capable of showing this to others and spreading this idea of we are all equal no matter of what is different and we can overcome anything that gets in our way.

Different Perspectives Here gives a brief overview of the booklet which were handed out to various archers.

Through these booklets I wanted to gather archers opinions on the sport and how they felt while doing it. Some of these experiences will then feature later in the project within the exhibition.

was wanting to find out how other people within the archery community felt in the sport and what it had done for them.

I made 10 booklets and corresponded the colours of them to that of a target face. I handed them out to some archers in my club and then gave some to others to fill out while I was at the British Target Champs in December. Inside I got them to fill out a small profile about themselves then answer some questions in more detail. The questions were: 1. All sports are a community buy they all have their unique aspects. Please take the next few pages to write down how the archery community is different to you, has helped you and is different to other sports. 2. Archery is one of the most inclusive sports in the world. I what way do you feel it is different from other sports? Please go into detail and explain your opinion of the inclusivity and uniqueness of the sport. 3. Please use the following pages to express how archery makes you feel. Go into detail on how the shot process feels. what hitting the target feels like and how growing and improving makes you feel.

Fig 46.

hen reading into the responses that archers had left it really showed how wide the archery community was and how different people had different experiences.

People had taken up the sport to help them either with mental health, the loss of a loved one, or to give them a low impact sport due to complex health conditions. There were some negative experiences within these booklets but I do not want these to reflect upon the project as upon reflection it was people frustrated with the politics within the governing body rather than the sport itself.

However I feel like the positives outweigh the negatives as so many people have shown how thy have been helped by the community or pushed past and negative criticism saying they werenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t capable of achieving anything.

Fig 46. shows the books together as a collective and they will be shown alongside this research book.

Fig 47.

At assessment 1 in January 2020 my Major Project was mainly at the research stage and was beginning to bloom into what it has now become. However at this stage there was a few different paths that I could go down and after receiving feedback and reflecting upon it I decided to go down the route of the people who are involved within the sport and using their stories, experiences and actually showcasing them as the main focus. I had already decided I was going to focus on a target audience of young adults of age roughly 12 - 15 to hopefully get them involved more in sports that they maybe wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have considered in the first place. The various pieces within my work at this stage was focussing on the inclusion factors and how the sport felt but the message was too inward facing with what had been produced. The strongest piece at this point within my work was the matchboxes as they were simple yet impactful in their message. They were showing the inclusive factors within the sport and people could easily understand them which was perfect for my desired

Fig. 48 here shows the matchboxes in more detail. These matchboxes were what I decided to build my final project outcome around due to how well they were revived by those who saw and interacted with them. For the next stages of this project I decided to develop these matchboxes into something larger that could be handled better and engaged with on a larger scale. I am also going to be rethinking the art direction for the project so it is a lot brighter and fun rather than serious and black. While it worked for these matchboxes it would not work for the full project as it would not give the right feel of joy and happiness.

Fig 48.

Fig 49.

Moving on from the first assessment I decided to think of the way this could be turned into a mobile exhibition to be taken around schools etc...... to get my target audience to engage with it and hopefully become involved in the sport. As can be seen from Fig 49. this Idea looked at 3 wooden walls on wheels that could be folded up and moved around with some ease. These walls would have the words Archery = Inclusivity written right across it with the equals sign being symbolised by two arrows going in opposite directions. There would also be holes cut out of this wall which would then hold modified matchboxes in the form of fold out story/photo cubes. The young adults interacting within this would then come up and pull out one of these cubes and interact with it unfolding more stories of various people as they go along the wall. However when receiving feedback on this concept it was said that I might want to consider a less corporate format which is what these 3 folding walls create. Therefore I went back to thinking about what could be done to create less of this corporate feel and what would in turn engage the audience in a more stimulating way.

Taking on-board this feedback and with some helpful suggestions on how to make it more engaging I then decided to come up with this archery range concept. The layout of this concept is very simple. There are three targets side by side two being held on traditional archery stands while the third one will be suspended from the ceiling but be situated in the middle so as to create a focal point and depth within the exhibition. This concept uses the symbol of the arrow in an overwhelming and positive way. They are in the targets, suspended from the ceiling to represent them being in flight and in the floor to show how we do miss and that it is OK to miss occasionally. All of these arrows are to present something important both within and out-with the sport. There will be various sayings written on the arrows as described within the diagrams within Fig 50. and Fig 51.

Fig 50.

Fig 51.

Fig 52.

As said before I am going to be developing the art direction for this project into something more enlightening and bright. Fig 52. here shows my initial thinking for the art direction, however it did not reflect what I am trying to convey with the project of how archery is for everyone and it accepts everyone. This design is to regimented and predictable. I was then advised to look at the work of Bob & Roberta Smith for inspiration for the art direction as he is known for his work being bold, bright and unregimented.

When looking at the work of Bob & Roberta Smith I found that he would work in a hand drawn style which then led to the type being wonky and imperfect due to the nature of doing it by hand. He is not afraid to use bold colours and treats the individual letters with care and attention so as to make them stand out and have their own individual characteristics. Fig 53. here shows a poster that he designed for the Paralympic games in 2012. The design is bold and bright and it emphasises the emotions associated within the games not only with the words he has written but in how he has designed the letters and the colours he has used in the process. I am going to take this inspiration forward and develop the Marque for my major project using a similar style to reflect the bold, fun and outstanding qualities within the sport. I am going to use this 3D effect he uses here as a first step into creating this Marque.

Fig 53.

ARCHE

INCLUSI

Fig 54.

ERY

ION

As a first attempt at using Bob & Robertas style I decided to do this digitally so it would be easy to reproduce when it comes to making the final graphics. While this style works better for the art direction and reflects the positive emotions I want to associate within the project more there is still the hand drawn aspect which Bob & Roberta Smith create within his work that is missing and simply cannot be reproduced digitally. I like the typeface â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;CIRCEâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; that has been used here as it is bold and round which will make it good for editing and redrawing. Plus with being more of a rounded type it reflects the characteristics of a target. So I am going to type out the words ARCHERY and INCLUSION to then print out and edit by hand.

Fig 55.

This was the first attempt at modifying the CRICE typeface by hand. I typed out the two words then thought if I made them go on an angle it would reflect the movement within an arrow as it flies towards the target. So I edited the words in photo shop to have this angle. I then traced over the letters and began to edit them. I decided to use a mixture of flat and 3D designs reflecting that of Bob & Roberta Smith. The design was both simple and detailed but I kept an overlying boldness about each of the letters to make sure that they would fit together as one. This was also done by doing a mixture of outlines and blocks of colour. However there is still some tweaks to be made on this as some aspects arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t quite working as can be seen from the annotations made within Fig

Fig 56.

After making modifications to the original design as said by the notes I had given myself this developed marque was the final outcome. Fig 56. Through the development process I decided that I wanted to expand beyond the Marque to designing a full typeface that would be used throughout my exhibition to reflect the theme of inclusion. I then went through the rest of the alphabet and edited them as I had done before. I also decided to create numbers and some punctuations to go alongside the typeface as it was likely to be required within the editorial work. The rest of the typeface can be seen over the page within Fig 57. and Fig 58. Aspects of the typeface look like one another with some small differences, but this was intentional to make it look like the letters belong together as part of a family. The name for this typeface is simply going to be called INCLUSION.

Fig 57.

Fig 58.

C: 0 M: 25 Y: 86 K: 0 #fdc52f

C: 18 M: 100 Y: 80 K: 8 #bd172e

C: 80 M: 29 Y: 15 K: 2 #0a8db9

C: 91 M: 79 Y: 62 K: 97 #020203

C: 0 M: 0 Y: 0 K: 0 #ffffff

The colour scheme for my major project is to be one that is bright, bold and be uplifting unlike the earlier work. It had been suggested to me that I should look at other colours outwit h that of a target you would see on an archery field but I decided against this suggestion. By moving away from the conventional target colours it would lose the recognisable imagery and too far away from the core of what my project is about. I stuck with the colours that you would see on a target face as they are recognisable to almost everyone as it is an image that is used in more than just an archery setting. The main colours I will be using for the project are the Yellow, Red and Blue with the black and white being used as accents or for photographs within the exhibition.

Fig 59.

Fig 60.

Fig 59. shows the final typeface in full using the colours from the decided colour scheme. When the typeface is used within this project the colours will be applied yellow, blue then red to the letters within the word so it means that it is flexible in how it is used rather than sticking to the colours the letters, numbers and punctuations as seen when they are laid out in full. The final full colour complete with arrows shown in Fig 60. demonstrates how the colours are flexible in how they are applied to the typeface. The typeface works also in black and white so can be applied to any situation where colour is not possible as can be seen within Fig 61.

Body Typeface: All Round Gothic

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

The reason I have chosen All Round Gothic to be used is due to its simple and delicate appearance to balance out the complex hand drawn aesthetic of the INCLUSION display typeface I designed. This is used within the body text on posters and used on the arrows in the exhibition as-well.

Fig 62.

Within my exhibition there is going to be 3 targets for the target audience to interact with. One of the targets however will be suspended from the ceiling in the centre of the other two so I want that one to have the most impact when someone first walks in. Again reflecting upon feedback I was told to avoid being too literal with my exhibition and to make it fun. Fig 62. shows the final design I decided to loose the traditional target face that would be seen in in a range and instead incorporate these scribble circles instead to be in keeping with the art direction created from the typeface I designed. The circles are in a slightly subdued black so as to not overpower the marque that is placed over them. This target face is very striking and catches the eye instantly which will engage the target audience far better and entice them to interact with what is on show.

Fig 63.

Fig 63. shows another target face that I have designed to show the way archery as a community is one that comes together and will help each other no matter what. This is reflective of experiences archers have shared with me through the research and my personal experience within the sport.

Fig 64.

Fig 64. shows the final target face that I have designed to show the resilience within archers themselves and the non discriminative qualities the sport has. This is reflective of the whole project in its simple form of no one is left out and that everyone has a change in this sport.

Fig 65. shows my sketch of what the space could look like once constructed. This was going to be built at a much larger scale but due to Covid-19 I am now unable to make this at such a scale so I will be scaling everything down to make as accurate a model as possible to represent the space that would have been made.

After having a chat about how this exhibition would be taken around high schools it was suggested to look at frames that can be easily taken down and put up again with ease. By doing this as-well I could create a contained space for the exhibition which meant I wouldn’t have to rethink the exhibition layout for each school I would have visited. I am keeping the same format as I designed earlier but the frame now means I can build it easier and hang banners etc....... on the sides of the fame to create walls. This exhibition would have been set up in gym halls in the high school and kids would come in and be faced with this large rectangular space covered in an archery related pattern. There are slits in the walls so people waiting can peer in. Only one side of the space will be open for people to enter and they will walk in to be faced with 3 targets filled with arrows. There will also be arrows suspended from the ceiling and stuck into the floor. They will walk down seeing the banners suspended on the frame and walk round the arrows on the floor and ceiling reading what has been written on them until they come to the targets where they can pull some of the arrows out and expose various people who have overcome challenges within their lives and broken down barriers within the sport defying odds that would previously have been barriers to them. Upon leaving the exhibition each person will receive a ‘LETS DO ARCHERY PACK’ that will have a miniature recurve bow and arrows to entice them to try the sport for real. There will also be a series of illustrated postcards with amazing archers stories written on the back of them which has come from the research book so it reminds them there is nothing to hold them back. I am also including the ‘Shape of an Archer’ cut out dolls that I had made in assessment 1 as an activity for them to do. All of these little things are to remind them of the exhibition and to overall encourage them to try a sport or something in life they may have thought wasn’t possible before.

Nothing stands in your way.

It is a sport that allows people to work with their bodies and not against them.

Archery accepts all no matter their background. Clothing is not specialised like other sports. Men and women wear what is comfortable and how they deem fit to dress.

Archery enables people with missing limbs or other impairments to take part where they wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be able to in other sports.

Fig 66.

Fig 67.

Since rethinking the layout of the exhibition and moving to the easier take down frame I considered how I could add in graphic elements to entice young people to go into the exhibition and engage with it from the minute they see it. Fig 66. and Fig 67. here show the early stages of these banners. I have decided to name them ARCHERY SHOWS NO PREJUDICE to emphasise the fact of how the sport rejects no one and they don’t judge anyone. Each of the banners will have a photo on it of a different person with different needs to highlight the real people in the sport. The posters will also follow the Yellow, Red and Blue colour scheme as an overlay over black and white photographs. To gather these photos I sent out a post on facebook asking people to send me photos of them shooting and the response was amazing. So many people got in touch allowing me to use their photos. I tried layering the photo and overlay using an offset layout with the ARCHERY SHOWS NO PREJUDICE marque lying over them and a small section of copy in the bottom corner but reflecting on these the layout was really sparse and it wasn’t highlighting the person within and the layout wasn’t adding to the message. So I decided to rethink these.

Nothing stands in your way.

It is a sport that allows people to work with their bodies and not against them. Archery enables people with missing limbs or other impairments to take part where they wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be able to in other sports.

Fig 68.

Fig 68. shows the developments made at this stage. Still taking the concept of layering from the initial posters I thought what if I layered the marque with the person in the photo so that the circle is behind the person and the words are placed on top. I kept the colour overlay but decided to make it cover the entire photo which made it pop more and it meant I could set them out in a pattern using the different colours. This was a far more dynamic layout and really emphasised the person within the banner rather than the image just sitting there. The small section of copy is still incorporated but I have shortened them to make it more impactful and punchy to the reader. This is due to the audience being a younger age and they typically donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t like reading lengthy pieces of text as they get bored easily. It was suggested to me to really think about the photographs I chose to use so as to create the most impact. So I rooted through hundreds to find the right ones for what I wanted to convey. I want to develop these slightly to reduce the size of the circle and marque so it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t take over the photo too much.

Nothing stands in your way.

220mm Mental health is something many struggle with. Archery helps those with Anxiety, Autism, OCD etc. as it is more an individual sport.

435mm

There is nothing that brings as much joy than shooting a perfect shot.

A sport allowing people to work with their bodies and not against them.

Archery brings those who partake in it so much joy and happiness as it is their with them, the bow and the target.

Archery enables people with various disabilities to take part and compete.

Archery builds the best of friendships. Those made with coaches and friends across the globe are ones that last a lifetime.

Archery doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t require special clothing like Lycra. Everyone can wear what they want and what makes them feel comfortable.

Nothing stands in your way.

Men and Women can even compete together as equals.

Nothing stands in your way.

All competitors compete on the same field, able bodied and disabled.

Nothing stands in your way.

Fig 69.

Those injured while in the forces use archery to help rehabilitation. There is countless ways in which a person can shoot.

Nothing stands in your way.

Archers donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t fit into conventional athlete shapes. Any shape or size has the ability to go far in the sport and be the best in the world.

Archery accommodates a persons needs to make them feel comfortable.

Nothing stands in your way.

The community archery creates is one that resembles a family unit. Be it a club mate or competitor. They will always be willing to help.

Some would have to give up high level sport when they fall pregnant. Even at 8 moths pregnant there is always the opportunity to compete for GB.

Nothing stands in your way.

Wheelchairs, guide dogs, crutches. They arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t a barrier.

There are lots of opportunities for young people. They can compete in their own age category or branch out and compete with adults.

The final 12 photos were a mixture of men, women and children who all partake in the sport. There is a variety of body sizes, disabilities, bow styles and emotions on show within these to give the widest view possible of who does take part in archery. These banners make up the interior walls of the exhibition space so they will reach from the top of the frame to the bottom. There will be a slight gap between each of the banners so when people are waiting outside they are able to peer into the exhibition. However due to Covid-19 the sizes shown beside Fig 69. are what size they will be printed out for the model I am making to represent the exhibition space that would have been made.

Fig 70.

Fig 70. shows the grid system I followed for the pattern. I wanted to have a rigid and symmetrical grid system with even spacings and everything lining up so as to reflect the concentric circles within the target. I used a combination of the circles representing the target and the arrows from the Archery = Inclusion marque to hint at what is held inside the exhibit. The pattern will be used to create an exterior wall to the exhibit and to entice the target audience to come in and investigate. Fig 71. on the next page show this pattern with both black and white backgrounds.

Fig 71.

Archer Number 1 Take time to cut around each part and construct the archer.

Front Leg

Torso

Bow

Completed Image

Back Leg

Born in April 1985, Zahra held a black belt in taekwondo before an accident in 2004 left her with a spinal-cord injury. Two years after the accident, the university student took up archery and quickly proved to everyone that her impairment was no limitation. In 2016 she successfully qualified a place for Iran for both the Olympic and Paralympic Games. She then went on to compete in both games and is the first person to do so since Italy’s Paola Fantato at Atlanta 1996. “Representing as a Paralympian sent an essential message to the world. That’s an important message that a Paralympian can qualify for Olympics to compete with elite [able-bodied] athletes” She is also the first Iranian Woman to win a gold medal at the Paralympics or the Olympics.

Here shows a diagram to give an idea of what is to be contained within the LETS DO ARCHERY PACK to be given out to the people who have visited the exhibition. I am able to make this at full size as it would have been if I could have carried out the exhibition. However the bow was hand cut instead of laser cut like it would have been if I had access to the facilities.

I was able to get some larger scale printing done at Habs in Edinburgh so I could apply graphics to the model I had made while at home during Covid-19 lockdown. The banners in Fig 72. were applied to the frame Using double sided tape that had been made from wood that was originally purchased for the large exhibition I was intending to make.

Fig 72.

If these were produced at full scale they would have been wrapped around the frame to give it a more solid structure.

I was able to get some larger scale printing done at Hobs in Edinburgh so I could apply graphics to the model I had made while at home during Covid-19 lockdown. Fig 73. shows the application of the external walls to the frame matching them up to the banners that had been applied to the internal walls of the frame. These were printed in a long strip then cut up so the pattern would run in order. Fig 73.

These Images here show the final model fully completed. I had made arrows from dowelling that had been ordered with the fletchings being made from paper printed with a design which came from the arrows on the Archery = Inclusion marque. The Targets again had to be hand cut from layered card as I did not have access to a laser cutter or wood due to the lockdown situation. The stands holding the targets were made with the help of my grandad as he has worked on small scale models before and was able to help me work out how to make them to be stable. When I had made the frame and applied the arrows flying through the air it was apparent to me that I would need to make a floor so I could stick the arrows that had missed to something. I made the flooring from mounting board that was found under a bed and printed a flooring pattern onto sticker paper and applied it to these mounting board sections which gave the effect of it being set up within a school gym hall. However I would have liked to have applied more arrows to the model floor and ceiling but due to lockdown and lack of delivery services I was unable to do this and had to make do with what I had. Overall in the circumstances I am happy with what I was able to produce as a model to represent my exhibition space even though Covid-19 had stopped a lot of the original plans being executed.

Since I was unable to make these arrows at full size I have Photoshoped the writing of what would have been written on the arrows held within the two targets held in the targets on the stands. The illustrations of these people would have been held within these arrows and people would have pulled them out of the target taken the piece of paper out of the arrow to reveal the person. These arrows reflect the matchboxes that I handed in at assessment 1 and that I wrote about at the start of this development.

This represents what the illustration would have looked like if it had come from the arrow in the target. However due to not having the correct materials I was unable to show this concept fully.

These arrows here reflect what would have been written on the arrows that had been shot into the floor as a miss. The quote I have chosen was said by an archer and I chose it as I want people to realise you need to look past the person you see and instead look at what is possible to achieve. Other arrows shot into the floor would be empty as I would like the people interacting with this exhibition to have to look around and find these arrows and piece together the quote.

These arrows here reflect what would have been written on the arrows that would be suspended in the air as if they are in flight. These arrows are ones with positive messages and feelings from people within the sport. These are to show the real feelings and reasons why people love doing archery.

This exhibition was to be taken around schools for young adults to interact with and engage with. However due to Covid-19 I am unable to carry out any form of user testing as I am unable to make my project to the full extent of what it could be even with the model. The schools are also shut which means I would be unable to set up and due to the lockdown it is impossible to socialise outwith your household making what would have been a fully interactive exhibition impractical at this present time. But I feel like if this project had the possibility to go ahead it would have worked really well and would have got these young adults involved within the exhibition and thus encouraging them to go past what they think they are possible of due to how they feel held back.

After 4 years of university I was not expecting to finish my degree during a global pandemic but it will definitely make an interesting story one day. I would like to thank my lecturers Myrna Macleod, Peter Bewert, Andy Smith, Ed Bell and Mick Dean who have taught me how to become the designer I am today and push me to create the best that I cold and not be afraid of grades. I would also aknowledge my grandparents for supporting me throughout my university life. My fantastic friends that I have made throughout the 4 years on this course who have supproted each other be it tears or joy. Also thank you to all those who have helped me with this research within the archery community and helping me to complete this project even during lockdown. And a special mention to Hobs Reprographics in Edinburgh who helped me with printing to finish my project even during Covid-19. Thank You All.

https://worldarchery.org/History-Archery https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahra_Nemati https://worldhistory.us/ancient-history/ ancient-egypt/ancient-egyptian-archery.php https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chariotry_in_ ancient_Egypt https://www.britannica.com/sports/archery https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ky%C5%ABd%C5%8D https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_ longbow#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaiser1980-1

http://www.mancunianmatters.co.uk/ content/151078289-good-ive-ever-been-ill-beeven-better-next-year-paralympic-archerchaisty-says https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=AQGFop6TEDU https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/ oct/07/commonwealthgames2010-archerybrown https://www.Paralympics.org/zahra-nemati

https://worldarchery.org/archery-olympicgames https://www.Olympic.org/archery https://worldarchery.org/archeryparalympic-games https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurve_bow https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_bow https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=wyFvtExiEvg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FR_ tmXjJ4p4 https://www.sports-reference.com/Olympics/ athletes/te/simon-terry-1.html https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/team-gbarcher-returns-for-third-games-vk7v8zx3g93

http://khatunalorig.com/accomplishments/