:Op_ :::::[ :i:: :::
ion: of ,_cial
:::i Furtl_ermorei:
......... more es_ntial
::IndOnesial i[Sl iS: more
i ...... arlsing:fr0m
ments
............ :restructuring tariff:ref0rms;for
: :i
.... gtl_epres:: attract markets bylOWering: transac':::::: : ,:Wha fever me a s: i ti on co sts (i ie_i:the: costs of u sing: the i ii i ::d:eems :aslla: market). H0weveri it i_ only in :reCent: where: the:severest backlogs in : : : ¢ture infrastructureipattieularly powerand nii_o ....: electrifica tioni :h:ad: c_¢urredi :To this i :: :: end; infrastructure activi[ies stiould be directed toward the: depressed areasl ii : and activities and ex_ndit:ures Should: .......fake into :accOunt the: share of popular ii: ii pes:i : tion tha t:wili benefit fr0m tlie:projects, ii 6::i_:¢6_:aed:_6redireCt::::i ::i....... : : ........... : :: i :i
ill:and:i6W6r:: : : _tencei ::: :: :: .......
intrv .... ............... .....
iglaek6h:s Sucl_
:::: : may n:0 ......
:
:
h f:track! to: :; f0r itt{er6 ::are::imdeniably ! suchmeas_: :Usually :ilisfituti0n
: :fO:C0me:i:
i : ::i:: ProtectiOn :of ihe en¢itonmen:tis :a: iic0mmon:_0ncern beeause of: environ-: i i : i men tat: degradation, Acco:rding to :Dr:,: ......... de Dios:;: public disregard for resources stem from inadequate incenfiVes for os ¢ S peident n 0f theSe such:namrai resources for sustenance
to: conserve or pr0tect::their environ-: _::policiesl ::meii t: Tliu g)d egrada:fion becomes both: tlm:leas tl: It:is ti_eaggra vat ion and th e :causeo f d esti tu i
:: i i: i
i
......... ......
says. :Tho_ thatwent ahead of others
.....
..... nomic :prOblems and tOUgh:choices.": ....:;::. :.:,: i iiTheir Successes; there fore; are lesson S: themselve_that: is;: in sustaining
.....
port
i
i
Fdid not policy environment.: Investing in peo-:: La0sland II ple:is:ithe:Silent reVolUtion: that activities. In par tieular;:female educa,i : to be: the:singl e:
work:::
3/]:ii..... ] 333:
: ...... re_l
i
:3
3
tariff; fema163:edUCation:can wipe out: poverty the:way:ithad:inlndOnesia in
)70s:andthe1980s.3
......
:
i
3 :
.............
,: eraCy rate is among tllehigheSt:iii the : .... i::economies: iregionand trade environment is fairly : .... .... :: open and competitive/yet; the outcomes:: : ri:g_t:P01i:cies)vary
:::capita: growth was less:tlian two per=:
::::
ban for
stanCeS _ ieal tiesoe: :cur; itivities Will be cost-eff_fiVe::
i
_onserv-
:
Ou
!shows that the maxi,: less than25:
_:the
:
: : i i:
::
::i (NEDA
Matio:: Mai: :I.ucilaLa
ReW'i
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.1989 issue
:i
ii
i
::: ..................... : :::: ....
....
::
.poli-: : new schemei its effectiveness and elfin:: ::: : policy4 : Ciei_Cyas a credit:delivery mechanism I i::t0:imple: 0f the CARP must be eValuated. This i : pro-i :area will:i be examined by::the two researchers in their study on "Alterna-: : :: con:: tire Mechanisms for Rural Credit De: : i : livery.!' Other aiternative schemes will :: : i:: i: :
Jan reform: beneficiaries' :::::
.............
behavior
on ..... :
:
in tile: s tru c tu re
i:their demand for Cred iti :use of inp u ts i .... and:adoption of teclmotOgyl SeveraL: :: : ...... igi_m'dsizel C_ARLprovisions:affect0thermarkets : i] inveStmentl to which land: is interlinked. For exam: : and:land im2 ple;salesrestrietiongafR_tthefarmer's : Construction and:: ability t0 obtain Credit inasmuch as the : e q::u i p restrictionSa ffect the c011:ateral Value of :
)lies
a:
::
and MS.] : ]: ]: trends in t e:n: S i v e:: Philippine: fi sh eries :aquacu/tu re_ ]] or : )\ccording t0 them:i tli_ higl_est priori *';: the g. ::of-_overnm:ent g ........ : 'PP :i_r:t:is:g iven to....... pal _ctorbeean_ (a)it:contrib-: on {i_eavei:agG 50 :_rCent of the:::] : : ::: :totai fisheries :pmdhcfion; (b)em : :i::: ::: M e:a n L : ::ploys: 68 pe:rcel_t :::of ttie total: i abor i: Wiiile;: DrÂŁ: force in fislierieS)and::(C): the incidence: : ::P:e fia b:a ] : o f:p 0 ver ty:is Ve _: liigh am on g m n n ici-] :::::and. :Dr has:: :: :: ::]C:o r n i s t tl_e:ismatieg_,,,' total: en
:: :]:
FOr thei ipar_;Dr:Lian:tO
:::noted::: _atticuia_i;* il_::i984::and 1986: 5oi._ earnings of prawns
:::
:....:
: ::
:::: ::
of i in
late 1980s,i :: ti0weveri did not result in a decrease ::i: in tt_e area devoted tobrackisl_water :
::
: :
i
H
:_e-:: ::and: :::iional: :s
: :: ::: ..............
Dri:David:: ::: :
:Of:: tureasi
g!
of its ailiica ::for tl_at:fi_*ich:6f::ti{c et:w:ent tO:i:ii agrarian reform _ro_::::: ii::;:::
:i:(i
r
.... iCi_:tiii:iatle:::: tO:the:
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_ _-_"_
Z and
_' _ ,,_"¢_w_ '_......
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........
.............
i ................... ³`-' ,,hni i
:
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:-/;_----._
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ii In:a nutshelli [he Poverty study's recommendations: for poverty allevia= tion call for (1.)economic growth, (2)i :
i:
active market o_rati0ns, and (3)mini........ fearS:::: mum government intervention in the ii ! i imarket; emphaSizing:infrastructure; i: i : iand the mare: basicsociali: _rvices for the poor, and : safety net s for the most: vulnerable sec*
i
unem _: ::
in his assessment Of the study's results, "havel [been] heard [many times] be-
........!
,n ..... .... fore bu_ rema,ned .... unaddressea: to _creation:: daydc,Ience;the need Once:more to heed
: ::i
......
ties:::: :::: : ...........
....
' ::
:
::::ii::/i ¸::::::::::, :::i::.:i ¸: _n
Stabilization
Us:tmen[i::and
when
among ticipatein
househOlds::WhO: did :not par': the project:
:::::.........
........
:
If: if: cl_ooses i ;:;:'_:.i'._'t'_i_;:'_i,Lqiiik_l_"_i"'::_ ,//_:_;_I!;¢x._';:':¢i_';:: ........: :: i :: iin general the :natural resource ruG:iti:mUstn0tbear its conse= ba_ in: b0th: UA:and :SF:areas have SomeOne; some 2 improved l_.cau._ 0f the adoption of a helping
hand;
.....
soil Conservation:techniques.:
.....
The re-
i;f6rgetting at times that '_:farming methods have likewise been: i: : afterl all is: the solution," i : adopted, : .......... i: :i jurado, PlDS : Researth:Fellow;anda In theca_0fNSF:areas ifistxpro, :: ducfi0n increases: were observed for : ........ il the artificial reef areas, However, the: ii :achieved but _:onset of lower fish:catct_ in some of the i : ]::a:fC:ertain C0s[si::if we have i fishing areas implied:decreasing: re_-:: i source productivity:: This 0bserva[ion: : i : ...... ......:............ ....... ........... :....................... .... g ..... ry::about . infla". _ is partly. due to tl_e effects Of higherl i :: ..... : :The net effect WaS a::c0ntraCti0n 0f::tl_e: :ti0i_ :and Other fi_eal@ela:ted fishi_g effort among those wl_o did not i i ....... .... " :P r0blems : .... the:country has: the slow :tries ...... whi:el_ exp_fiei_:ced positiVe: its- P rOductio_ , _ i_suanceofmang0_/C<:S{ewardshipcon: -' ........ net:: g t, ...... : • :: : re:s0Ui_Ce:::Jr:ans fe rls::;:expa nd:ed::: their: Among:othersi it .sliould(1)liberalize i: tTacts as well a Smi ted and selec_:: :: : policies; (.2) ex_ l_ave : :fas_qt_ack: power i ..... and .......................... :" "-"±±:: ................. : ........ ? .... • ........ .......: P .... . peace • . . ...... .............. ....... ........ : Prof SolitaMonsodoftheUPScl_oolof 0rdergi_iiafioi_):a_d:(_):a[tractf0rei morea_ :, a g_uidin: g handwhlch • ..... ........................ ..... ...... .............. : .... g ._ _erves ...... : Eco:n0rnics:ii_: reaction to the prese:nta : : i :: : ::::: direcks and nOt orw, that seiflesor' sup_ : ............ ............................ ..................... _re sses: .............. ...... ..... .... ; ..... This lS anot!_e! lesson that the _s that we ::: :State mterven .......t_o_ _s cor_sp_cu_-: lesser aggn_ess_ve econormes could lean_ ..... Su:ccessf:uiinEas_Asiabecau.x-:it:
from the tig,ers of: East :Asim: 'i..........
..............
:i iI:II
i_ _..... 5:,_:_:5:':/ ......... _,'//'_::_.--: ........:i_:..... i/_:_:/%': get" for the :area as a: whole wouid :: i::::: i require thatcutti_g: outside of the i i _61d:sfrom ii_:serve: Should:not: exe_:: percent:of theharvestable:area.: :: : :: iiit:iS projected NPV: will be
C,,'v,_
_).¢_.;',;: t!il;i:¢_ _'"i ........ There :is stiil: considerable
.......: i: .......i
fati0 of 6.94 for: i:certainty in the dynamics of: specific i
:
!:::i:::::::::i?i(:: i¸::::,:::
_o .......
_.......
actual mteractionsarelm:mediate and hnear, then i theleconomlc value ofll : :: :::-:::77-7.......................................... 7:-7' : i ii' i such a :decision the : :P24_8 ................. _........ : ..... : _Bmtum Bay case would ........... ..... be around ::US$250 mil_ : lion less than what is ex_:: : :: :
i]
.....
r i:t:O:
::::::;::'
'
...........:i
:
'i:!;ii lion leSS tt_an the mosf i eostxeffe:c:tiVestra tegyi:Ttaese losses are : :issuance:of:stewardship c0ntracts to: i: substan : GDP of be _:KabupatenlManokwariis:pegged f0be i less than US$50 millioi_iyearly: There.......... f_re decisi:onmakers must be aware of: : : i; no: what the p0tential:iosses:of incon*ecf::: ::::_nefi:i_e6st:anaySis::WaS:conducted be7 i:decisions _ght _ver_: when infof ii .: '. marion is incom p lete or::uncertain--: . : pres;: :andacfaeCordingly5?_i:::::::: : :of sk3nd-: ....
....
management and the granting 0f seL ii cufe;long4ennexClus_ve access to:natu4 :ralresourCes:: i : ....
_en:::...... :figUres:::: .........
.....................
itles:ili:::Central :ertyrigi_tsfor_hep:artici:_ai_tGparticu 2 : pli::cafion:of the i i:ess6i_s:leamed from the ii est_iblish:edlLikeWiseimeasuresto con; eet:ificiud:e :site_specific trolthe*rowth:of : ......... g ........ P oP :uiation aswellas ....... :resources: migra tion: Sl_0uld:be: ir_s¢ituted to sus:: : .... in:i tain:the::e:ff0rts:of::C0nserving tl_ere' :
: :
"
%::::1/i/::::i)
:;17:: .....
i_:-_ii___:C_-: i
i :
marketimperfectionswhichgivetradi: ersacost:advantageinobtainingcredit:
Hence
:
:I
of credit and:i: i i
iii
tha .....
:3:i i::: :i:i:
deman:dland
,ii11
i
, 1 :
;i resu its ::shoW::tl3at: the Speed ::6f:l_iAD: :: i isis of : :w_rieswithlan:d:_pes_LADwasfast-:: : i;employment est: in :g0vemment-owned iands; tl_en: i: : : : in: landed: esta re.s:and: rese ttiemen :sl0wes_:::ini::privatelya0wnedii:: i _S: :: : : lands_ she prop0sed:ai terna tire LAD::: i ..... ....... schem¢._. ................ ......
:
:rn:ral:::areasiWas: dis-< : i : Meanwhiiei:* ::in::his study :onll y]!'De-::::'; :x ) 2, _ Comes: A:Hiilippine]_ erspective, *r Dr. the:increase: ::: miafi0n helps:: : {h:_: :::ti:hiid:sl: iii: urba:i_ fo:rm and in:inc:Om:esa nd p:ri are: es_ntia i:in:
:consumer::::::
,
.... :
i
,:fifldingS wi:tli respec to dif_ : ::: f:land: aequisiti0n i (LAD): ::Siiice initial: :
.....
,
:
,
: estimating:i theof welfare and distribu7 1 :: : : ti0nal:in3:pact tecim0iogical:changes ircnti:gradien ts;i:I and: 0ther ee0n:0mie :po!iciesilTl_eesti i:: _s and:a dimin:: : mation:res:uits include:ir|fo_ati0non ii : i busin:ess:di stri¢ t:I ivariou:s: ic0nsumer: gr0ups!ill elifferen i responses :t0 dlanges ill income and :i price:, ....... ....::::i: )i ii:: AS:aWhole; discUsSi0ns in: :g:: marketing' :::i0pen:ifo_m point t0:tSeimp0rtan:, ce of :: led tl_e:riseofttad-:: n0n:farm enterprises aiid land reform : fii_a:nciai:markets; as: eS_ntia:l ingredientSlin: Su;taining i TM
............ , ,
_
iefgas::ieiid:ers!
d ,_6s,_ed:durin
_:e:said:ti_atcredit : gmwtii,::ii_i:
ii: i
::
: :i
...........
EAI_CI..INEWSis a bbmonthlypublicationOfihe ji ::It highlightsfindingsand recommendationsof PID8 research:andimportanipolicyi I .............. ......... .......: : .......... :nprbfit:government researchinstituiion engaged in Ibngaletm,policyLoriented
....
to disse:minateiniormaiionih order'to promolethe use ofl if:
'
regarding any Ot:the studies containedin this publication or:any:of Ihe:PIDS papers, oammentSOfihepub cat onare welcome: PleaseaddresS:allrelatedCOrrespondence and
i brar_i::aoadem Oandre.arch g and handl
nslitutlons : : bout
:
::