GREEN STEEL by Ryoma

PITTSBURGH, PA

GREEN STEEL

R Y O M A TOMINAGA

BROWNFIELD REDEVELOPMENT OF THE CARRIE FURNACE

GREEN STEEL BROWNFIELD REDEVELOPMENT OF THE CARRIE FURNACE, PITTSBURGH, PA

RYOMA TOMINAGA

SPRING 2014

SENIOR CAPSTONE

Presented to the faculty of the Landscape Architecture Department of the University of California, Davis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelors of Science in Landscape Architecture.

Accepted and Approved By: Elizabeth Boultz .

UCD

Stephen Wheeler .

Erin Deasy .

UCD

Senior Project Faculty Advisor

Michael Rios .

. Faculty Committee Member

Claire Napawan .

Allegheny County Economic Development

Project Manager . Carrie Furnace Site . Committee Member

UCD

Faculty Committee Member

UCD

. Faculty Committee Member

ii 08

1 2 3 4 5

2 0 4 8 8 82

CONTENTS

i - Signature Page

ii - Table of Content

INTRODUCTION

09 - Purpose

10 - Objectives

iv - List of Illustrations

vi - Abstract

vii - Acknowledgements

16 - Remediation

18 - Life-Cycle Analysis

11 - Significance

BROWNFIELDS

13 - Drosscape

14 - Overview

15 - Site Considerations

CARRIE FURNACE

21 - Site Introduction

24 - Context

26 - Brownfield Inventory

28 - Three Rivers

30 - History

PRECEDENT STUDIES SITE FORCES

36 - Gasworks Park

50 - Boundaries

38 - Landschaftspark

51 - Infrastructure

40 - Battery Park City

52 - Connectivity

42 - Museo del Acero

44 - The Highline

46 - Sands Bethworks

54 - Landforms Confluence

56 - Environmental

57 - Assets

65 - Plant Pallette 76 - The Exchange

66 -The Furnace 78 - Waterfront

68 - Homestretch 80 - Waterfront Aerial

GREEN STEEL

60 -Photo Collage 70 - Steel Forum

62 - Master Plan 72 - Forum Perspective

CONCLUSION 83 - Synopsis

84 - References

64 - Axonometric 74 - Cafe Square

85 - Thank You

33 - The Vision

L I S T OF I L L U S T R A T I O N S 0.0 CONTENTS

Co 0.1

Carrie Furnace . Eastward Panorama Carrie Furnace . Graffiti along ore yard

4.0 Ryoma Tominaga Ryoma Tominaga

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2

Carrie Furnace . Moss growing on sintering plant Quantifying the Benefits of brownfield redevelopment Diagram

Ryoma Tominaga Ryoma Tominaga

2.0 BROWNFIELDS 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13

Rail Hub . Norfolk & CSX’s Tilford Yard, Atlanta, Georgia Alan Berger Bio-Treatment Wetland Catalina Biosolutions Carrie Furnace . Compactor remains of site materials Ryoma Tominaga Quantifying the Benefits of brownfield redevelopment Diagram Ryoma Tominaga

CARRIE FURNACE Carrie Furnace . Wheel Pulley Carrie Furnace . Eastward Panorama Pennsylvania located on world map Allegheny County located within State Boundary Carrie Site within Regional Context Brownfield Inventory within Allegheny County Three Rivers Destination Map Three Rivers water flow diagram Kayaking on the Allegheny River Historical photo of blast furnace 6 & 7 1965 Homestead District Works Site Map Snap-Shots of the Great Battle of Homestead Steel Strike Relationship Diagram among different stakeholders and influences

Ryoma Tominaga Ryoma Tominaga Ryoma Tominaga Ryoma Tominaga Ryoma Tominaga Ryoma Tominaga Ryoma Tominaga Ryoma Tominaga Martha Rial ExplorePA History Samlavery PB Works Ryoma Tominaga

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32 4.33 4.34 4.35 4.36 4.37 4.38 4.39 4.40 4.41 4.42

PRECEDENT STUDIES Gasworks Park Present Day Barga Systems Biology Arches made from concrete David Clark Guerrila Art . Golden paper mache sculpture Seattle Times Fourth of July Fireworks Peter Ballasts Gathering at outdoor grass mound Richard Haag Exhaust compressor play-barn Tony Seeley Historical Aerial Plan View Seattle.gov Blast Furnace during winter Landschaftspark.de Aerial shot of music concert Landschaftspark.de Walkway with red steel art installation Landschaftspark.de Gathering Space . ‘Piazza Mettalica’ Landezine Wall Climbing Landschaftspark.de Landscape Design Plan Archilovers.com Aerial view of Battery Park Batterypark.org Park space during fall Ryan Budhu Historical aerial view of Battery Park Batteryparkcity.org South Cove Waterfront Jay Fine South Cover Jetty Boardwalk Jay Fine Promenade along waterfront Elena Mattasoglio Masterplan Program Batteryparkcity.org View of Green Roof and Museum Surface Design Main Entry way Grimshaw Architects Re-purposed stepped water canal Surface Design Museo del Acero Site Plan Architype Circular Viewing Platform Grimshaw Architects Steel Art Installation with viewport ASLA Awards 2009 Ore Rock Art Installation Surface Design Aerial View of Highline Highline.org Steps leading up tp platform National Geographic Visitors walking along Highline Highline.org Elevation shot at the start Highline.org Vegetation growing above platform Inhabit Dance performance National Geographic Rendered Perspective before construction Highline.org View of furnaces from roadway Scenario Journal Bethlehem Steel Logo on Facade SteelManjules Worker by hot furnace Darkroom.Baltimoresun.com Historic aerial view of site Gordon Vall Architecture Along train tracks riverfront Scenario Journal Lighted furnace during nighttime Scenario Journal New plantings and walls Scenario Journal New roadway and plantings Scenario Journal

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18

0.1

SITE FORCES Site Forces Diagram Ryoma Tominaga Carrie Furnace . Aerial Site Google Earth Site Forces Diagram Ryoma Tominaga Site Forces Aerial Map Ryoma Tominaga Flyover Ramp Contour Map Ryoma Tominaga Flyover Ramp in construction Ryoma Tominaga Hot Metal Bridge Elevation/Demolition Diagram PGH Bridges Flyover Ramp facing Carrie Furnace Robert Dorsett Existing connectivity map Ryoma Tominaga Barricaded West entry point below railroad tracks Ryoma Tominaga Existing condition of hot metal bridge Ryoma Tominaga Rankin Bridge Ryoma Tominaga Landforms and Confluence Map with wind map and sun path Ryoma Tominaga Diagrammatic Section Ryoma Tominaga Out of the Furnace movie poster IMPAwards Furnace Bash Logo Furnace Bash Urban Art Tours flyer Rivers of Steel 40-ft tall Carrie Deer guerilla artwork installation Carrie Deer

6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 6.23 6.24 6.25 6.26

GREEN STEEL

CONTENTS

5.0

Site Design Photo Collage Ryoma Tominaga Master Plan Ryoma Tominaga Axonometric Diagram Ryoma Tominaga Buffalograss mygardeninginfo.com Crownvetch JoanaRoja_flickr Viburnum gardencoachpictures.com Black locust karlgercens_flickr 01 Furnace Ryoma Tominaga Carrie Furnace Panorama Ryoma Tominaga Carrie Furnace - Inside Warehouse Ryoma Tominaga Row of Trees Gardenwallpaperhd.com Homestretch Perspective Ryoma Tominaga 02 Steel Forum Ryoma Tominaga Crowd of People blog.jo.com Sitting on Grass socialdesignmagazine.com Edible Garden go.asia Cafe Square Perspective Ryoma Tominaga Site Section Ryoma Tominaga Green Roof Section Ryoma Tominaga Steel Forum Perspective Ryoma Tominaga 03 Exchange Ryoma Tominaga Seattle River Edge Sunset.com Eco-Park Building greenprophet.com Light Manufacturing Worker npr.org Waterfront Perspective Ryoma Tominaga Waterfront Aerial Perspective Ryoma Tominaga

Carrie Furnace . Graffiti along ore yard

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania is â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;steel countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, and much of the regions civic pride stems from the steel industries driving force in which the towns and boroughs were shaped. The complication that faces the region following a crippling economic decline is the amount of contamination these super economies have left behind. Underutilized lands within prime real estate locations remain just as depressed as the surrounding community while residential housing and infrastructure continues to reach unprecedented levels of dilapidation.

The Carrie Furnace is a brownfield site that offers an opportunity to revitalize the local neighborhoods through development of sustainable infrastructure that encompasses open public space, recreational areas, artistic exhibitions, connections between bike trails, a riverfront connection, in addition to the needed quality jobs. The historic significance of the site makes for a special opportunity to capture the heart and soul of neighborhoods and create a destination that serves a wide variety of users. The intent is to holistically redevelop the site by avoiding past mistakes of a single-use program of retail chains and embracing the inherent complexities with the capacity to remain vibrant, and retain value for future generations to come. The Green Steel design hopes to alter the negative perceptions attached to brownfields and be a model for future public reinvestment projects in the Pittsburgh area and other cities across the nation.

A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S Committee Members

Thank you for all of your guidance and support throughout this entire process. This project would not have been possible without all of your help and inspiration. A special shout-out to the professionals in Pittsburgh, PA: Erin Deasy, Deborah Lange, and Ronald Baraff for taking the time to help me navigate throughout the site visit and research. Your first hand accounts was invaluable to the projects success.

Professors Family Friends and Colleagues

Your dedication and expertise has helped establish a strong foundation that will carry me throughout my entire career. This experience would not have been possible without the perseverance and loving support of those who are closest to me. Thank you for making this short-lived studio life such a fun and wonderful experience; it has made all the difference in the world.

vii

8 8

INTRODUCTION

09 - Purpose

10 - Objectives

11 - Significance

The industrial revolution of the 19th century have left vast areas of underutilized properties, abandoned buildings, and urban decay that plague cities all over the country. These derelict sites come from formerly used industrial and commercial properties stigmatized by real and perceived contamination. Communities with numerous brownfields are directly related to multiple public health issues and the consequences are often compounded in damage. These issues include increased potential for exposure to harmful chemicals, contaminated soil and/or water, lack of green space, reduced property values, increased crime rates, poor air quality, and overall reduced quality of life. While land restoration, adaptive reuse, and preservation works well in many cases, derelict large-scale industrial sites face a more difficult set of problems that are often left unaddressed. The approach to finding a solution to decaying industrial sites requires exploration of modern passive remediation, holistic adaptive reuse, and planning that will trump traditional measures that provide long-term value. By examining the published works and case study examples, a prescriptive recommendation can be drafted to re-imagine how the redevelopment of Carrie Furnace can be accomplished. 1.1

Carrie Furnace . Moss Growing on sintering plant

1 2 3 4

To understand brownfield remediation as an integral part of future environmental planning and community development.

Find opportunities to alter public perception to thrust forward investment in brownfield re-development through the support of environmental agencies and design firms.

Reach aesthetic competency that captivates the public and provide a historical connection through innovative re-use.

Use the knowledge gained to integrate city planning and design the Carrie Furnace site.

INTRODUCTION

S I G N I F I C A N C E Redevelopment of brownfields is important for a number of reasons. From an ecological perspective, cleanup of contaminated land reduces the direct contact of harmful substances making the environment a safer place for people and helps support plant and wildlife. Additionally, developing brownfields allows the land to be fully utilized, thwarting the demand for outward sprawl development of greenfields that provides precious habitat for wildlife and acts as an environmental buffer. From a community perspective, brownfield remediation can be beneficial both socially and economically. Developing brownfields can improve

property values by making neighborhoods safer and more desirable as the quality of life improves in the region. It can attract commercial development back into a community to help create jobs in distressed areas, revitalize areas around town, and free up land resources for productive green spaces such as community gardens, or urban farms (Hollander, 3). In certain situations, brownfields provide an excellent opportunity to enhance the visual landscape, highlight the sites rich historical significance, and provide educational opportunities for the public.

The advancement of remediation solutions have allowed many of these brownfield properties to surpass their former uses and become housing, new business incubators bringing forth new jobs, productive green space, and a fresh identity for the area.

This is a critical time to explore the application of green infrastructure on remediated sites because of

R U N O F F

di Ra

Ren

l ie nf

$$$

N e ar

47-62% REDUCTION STORM WATER

+ $0.5 - $1.0 Million Property Values (1) Miles Radius

C R I M E

the extensive increase in redevelopment investment expected in the next decade throughout the nation. As our urban areas continue to develop and become denser, the discussion of redeveloping brownfields and its associated benefits and constraints has become more pertinent with an estimated 450,000-brownfield properties in the United States alone (Doem, 23).

BROWNFIELD REDEVELOPMENT

URBAN CENTER 35 - 56% LESS VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED V M T

1.2

Quantifying the Benefits of

$$$ +2-3% Property Values

brownfield redevelopment Diagram

More than

450,000+ Brownfields in the U.S. alone

2.1

Rail Hub . Norfolk & CSXâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Tilford Yard, Atlanta, Georgia

BROWNFIELDS

13 - Drosscape

14 - Overview

15 - Site Considerations

16 - Remediation

18 - Life-Cycle Analysis

Alan Berger, a MIT professor of urban design, introduced the concept of “DROSSCAPE”. The term Drosscape is part of a new vocabulary and landscape aesthetic used to help identify urban dross (waste) that may be “scaped” (reprogrammed) for adaptive reuse. Berger contends that the accumulation of these waste landscapes is a phenomenon of two primary processes. First, it addresses the physical dimension of rapid urbanization and sprawl that is proportional to the healthy growth of cities. The second is tied to the consequences of defunct economic and production systems. The creation of Drosscapes is an inevitable measure of industrial growth and a key indicator success of urban center that is not intrinsically bad. The adaptive re-use of the ensued and ensuing contraction of these economic systems will be one of the 21st century’s greatest infrastructural design challenges (Berger). 13

B R O W N F I E L D

O V E R V I E W

brownfieds are abandoned, idled or underused industrial and commercial properties where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by REAL or PERCEIVED environmental contamination. According to the EPA,

The term brownfield originated in the early 1990â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s when researchers observed how the regulatory frameworks designed to protect the environment had also in result, inhibited the reuse, cleanup, and redevelopment of former industrial and commercial sites, with contamination being the principle barrier (Hollander, 1). Brownfields are found across all spectrums of development from small towns, cities, rural, suburban and urban. The greatest prevalence of brownfields are found within industrial zones, where the industrial boom in the 19th century has waned presently (Hollander, 4).

Common examples of brownfields include:

Steel Mills Metal Plating Factories Corner Gas Stations Electronic Manufacturing Textile Mills Dry-Cleaning Graveyards and Burial Grounds

The US EPA provides a major source of funding, technical assistance, and best practices for new brownfield projects. States develop their own programs, while the local government regulations will address whether the project is feasible or not. Financing incentives often provide capital for infrastructure developments. Understanding local politics, power structure, liability, and insurance is essential for successful redevelopment (Hollander, 7). Even with billions of public and private dollars toward assessing, remediating, and redeveloping brownfields, the amount of remaining derelict land tell us that more work is needed.

Federal laws, known as CERCLA, originally introduced in 1980 established liability for contaminations to anyone in the chain of title making it difficult for redevelopment. In 2002, an amendment limited liability to those who had direct connection to contamination (Hollander, 18). 14

C O N S I D E R A T I O N S

No matter how many similaries brownfields sites share with each other, every project nets different types of barriers. When addressing contamination on brownfield sites, there are several specific it site elements that need to be considered in order to identify the extent of the contamination. SOILS A combination of contaminants can be found at varying depths ranging from metals in the top 18” to depths as extreme as 50-60 feet. GROUND WATER The movement and conditions of ground water in brownfields to be affected by subsurface contamination plumes arising from spills or discharges. Polluted groundwater.

EVALUATION AND SELECTION The evaluation and selection of remediation technologies must be carefully selected in order to effectively and efficiently remediate contamination based on the desired result. In order to make the selection process easier, the following criteria will help guide and answer important questions with support of the required Phase I & II Environmental Assessment Report. 1. Ability to protect human health and the environment 2. Compliance with environmental statues 3. Types of contaminations to be addressed 4. Long-term effectiveness and permanence 5. Reduction of toxicity, mobility, and volume 6. Short term effectiveness 7. Cost 8. Ability to be implemented 9. State acceptance 10. Community acceptance

SURFACE WATER

BROWNFIELDS

S I T E

Pools Lagoons often found in industrial sites. These constructed water bodies are likely to accumulate significant amounts of pollutants. EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE Safety of the building life and it’s use in future planning. INDOOR & OUTDOOR AIR Lead paint and asbestos, insulation, fragments of remaining systems. (Hollander, 28)

COMMON HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES Petroleum Products (TPH) Heating oil Gasoline Kerosene

(from spills or ruptured underground tanks) (spills and discharges)

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Class of chemicals that are all entirely manmade. PCB’s are used in different types of products, including hydraulic fluid, pigments, plasticizing vacuum pumps, compressors, and heat transfer systems. Their primary use is as a dielectric fluid as a transformer and capacitor coolant. Metals Any metallic chemicals that have relatively high density are highly toxic, and poisonous to humans at low concentrations. Including: Arsenic, Beryllium, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead, zinc, mercury, copper. Lead is commonly found in urban brownfield sites. 15

REMEDIATION TECHNIQUES AIR SPARAGING

ENCAPSULATION

Process of injecting air directly in severely polluted groundwater to remediate it by volatizing or driving off contaminants to the surface. Extraction fan system are used to remove the vapors.

“Capping” refers to the installation of a cover of soil clay layer, or a durable waterproof membrane or a combination of both over contaminated material on site. The cap prevents human or environmental contact. Encapsulation is appropriate for all levels of polluted soil found on brownfields.

BIOREMEDIATION

EXCAVATION

The use of biological agents, such as microbes or plants to remove or neutralize contaminants in polluted soil or water. Bacteria and fungi need nutrients. They break down organic compounds. Technology needs time to work and may not be appropriate for brownfields where immediate remedial action is required.

is the isolation, digging up and removal of contaminated soil on-site. The soil is usually excavated with construction equipment. The soil is either cleaned of removed from a the site and disposed of in an approved landfill. Often a space left open is then filled with clean soil of part of the site design strategy.

BIOVENTING

INCINERATION

Stimulating the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil by injecting air through drilling wells to increase oxygen concentration. Unlike air sparging, bioventing uses low airflow rates to provide just enough oxygen to sustain microbial activity.

Process of burning hazardous materials such as polluted soil at a controlled temperature high enough to destroy harmful chemicals. An incinerator can be brought to the cleanup site.

E M E R G I N G

T E C H N I Q U E S

Landfarming

Phytoremediation

Soil Washing

is a bioremediation treatment process that is performed in the upper soil zone.vv Contaminated soils, sediments, or sludge’s are incorporated into the soil surface and periodically turned over or tilled to aerate the mixture.

is direct use of living plants to removed or neutralize site contaminates such as heavy metals and organic pollutants found in soils, groundwater, or sediments. “Phytotechnologies” describes a range of plants-based applications that use mechanisms in living vegetation to remove, degrade, or contain contaminants.

“scrubs” soil to remove and separate the portion of soil that is not polluted. The process separates the contaminated fine (silt & clay) from the coarse soil (sand & gravel). The smaller volume of soil is then treated by other methods.

Bioremediation in Ponds and Wetlands

BROWNFIELDS

STORM WATER MANAGEMENT

The level of biological productivity that helps treat and stabilize toxic materials is thought to the highest of any natural system. While brownfield water quality issues may be complicated by the presence of toxins, the use of bioremediation technologies in conjunction with storm water management design represents an important element of brownfield site design. (Russ, 136)

2.2

Bio-Treatment Wetland

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BIOREMEDIATION + ADVANTAGES +

- DISADVANTAGES -

Cleanup costs using bioremediation are typically 3 to 10 times lower than more conventional technologies such as incineration or secure landfilling.

Difficulty of predicting performance and the difficulty of scaling up from laboratory or pilot-plant tests. Success of bioremediation project is dependent on maintaining environmental conditions necessary for microbial growth such as sensitivities to temperatures, pH, toxicity, moisture, and nutrients.

Bioremediation is aimed at biodegrading and detoxifying hazardous contaminants and is relatively simple technology compared to most others. Bioremediation can be carried out with minimal site disruption, volatile compound emission, and health risk to neighboring residents or site occupants.

L I F E - C Y C L E

A N A L Y S I S

A study completed by Carnegie Mellon Universities, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering has conducted a study that compares the life-cycle costs and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of residential development between brownfield and greenfields. The study compiled data of past projects in order to establish a benchmark that has identified (5) major characteristics for comparative study:

Brownfield Remediation Building Construction Infrastructure Costs Building Utilities & Maintenance Resident Travel The comparison of the final averages reveal that brownfield development can save each

$150

Brownfield developments are

$1,200

compared to greenfield development.

kgCO2/yr, per

Although brownfields may incur high intial costs for environmental remediation, the significanly lower costs for infrastructure due to their compact nature and pre-existing roadways and pipelines, along with lower travel costs makes brownfield development a stronger alternative to greenfield development. 18

closer to the center city, have

more households per acre, and have

person /yr, compared with greenfield development. Greenhouse emissions savings are an average of person.

REMEDIATION COSTS

$580,000/ACRE

$22,000/ACRE

2X the walkability index

Eliminates health and safety hazards Eliminates visual eyesores of derelict sites

BROWNFIELDS

BROWNFIELDS REDEVELOPMENT

Increases productivity of valuable land Brings new investment to the community Brings new jobs to the community Increases property values and tax receipts by local and state governments

2.3

Carrie Furnace . Compactor remains of site materials

SITE

INTRODUCTION

CARRIE FURNACE

21 - Site Introduction

24 - Context

26 - Brownfield Inventory

28 - Three Rivers

30 - History

33 - The Vision

This Carrie Furnace project offers a comprehensive opportunity to identify solutions for applying green infrastructure to manage a multitude of site elements. The 168-acre industrial property adjacent to the Monongahela River and is roughly within 10 miles of downtown Pittsburgh. The Carrie site part of the historical Homestead Steel Waterfront District. Recently, the Waterfront District has been the focus of sustainable building and planning. With its commitment to explore new applications of green infrastructure in urban environments. The County of Allegheny, supported by local non-profits, applied for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency technical assistance to develop green infrastructure scenarios for the Carrie Furnace site. The goal of this effort is to develop a range of green infrastructure scenarios consistent with a 15 to 20year development framework. 3.1

Carrie Furnace . Wheel Pulley

3.2

Carrie Furnace . Eastward Panorama

350,000

cubic yards of clean fill was imported to raise over 80 acres of prime developable acreage out of the flood plain

#6 Furnace #7 Furnace Boiler Shop

CARRIE FURNACE

R E G I O N A L

C O N T E X T PENNSYLVANIA

Allegheny County Profile

Political Fragmentation

For more than 75 years, Allegheny county has lagged behind the nation and state’s growth rate. In each decade from 1970 to 2000, the county’s population decrease stemmed from the continued economic restructuring of the regions employment center that is no longer reliant on heavy industry for jobs.

The land use pattern of Allegheny County is largely as a result of the mosaic of 130 different municipalities, historically with a large degree of autonomy.

Between 1978 and 1983 alone, over 100,000 steelrelated jobs were lost due to the collapse of the already declining steel production industry (Bright, 111). While manufacturing remains an important sector of the economy, the current job market is characterized by high tech and medical jobs at one end of the spectrum and low-wage dead-end jobs at the other. Over the last year, Allegheny County has experienced the largest growth in venture capital investment of any area in the country and remains as one of the most livable areas in the nation.

Land Use Pattern The last two decades of development patterns have taken the form of low-density sprawl in all directions while ruining the natural environment. According to the Brookings Institution Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy, from 1982 to 1997 metropolitan Pittsburgh developed an astonishing 8.5 acres of land for every new household while the national average was roughly1.3 acres (Bright, 111). The subsequent planning was driven by econonomic, governmental, and social fragmentation of the region. Throughout the U.S. and Allegheny County, the physical environment and social institutions were shaped largely by economic discipline (Lubove, 3).”

“Pittsburgh was a symbol as well as a city. It was synonymous with the spectacular advance in American Industry, and the byproducts: labor unrest, poverty, assimilation of a

heterogenous immigrant working force, and disruption of community cohesion (Lubove, 2).”

3.3 3.4 3.5

I I I

(Left) Pennsylvania located on world map (Right) Allegheny County located within State Boundary (Right) Carrie Site within Regional Context

io Oh r ve Ri

Ri ve r Al le gh en y

ALLEGHENY

BEAVER

ARMSTRONG

CARRIE FURNACE

BUTLER

Allegheny County is located in Southwestern Pennsylvania and encompasses the City of Pittsburgh and its suburbs and river towns.

PITTSBURGH

CARRIE FURNACE WESTMORELAND

WASHINGTON Mo no ng ah el a

Ri ve r

B R O W N F I E L D I N V E N T O R Y 1 Cherrington Commerce Park Airport Redevelopment Site 2 Ewing Road Airport Redevelopment Site 3 Industry Drive Airport Redevelopment Site 4 Route 30 Commerce Park Airport Redevelopment Site 5 Clinton Commerce Park Airport Redevelopment Site 6 Chapman Commerce Center Airport Redevelopment Site 7 Imperial Land Company - Site 2 Airport Redevelopment Site 8 Imperial Land Company - Site 3 Area B Airport Redevelopment Site 9 Imperial Land Company - Site 3A AirportBUTLER Redevelopment Site 10 The Waterfront Redeveloped 11 Eliza Furnace / Pittsburgh Technology Center Redeveloped

Allegheny County has identified a total of 50 key brownfields that are at different stages of redevelopment. ARMSTRONG

12 Carrie Furnace Not Redeveloped/Not Developed

Partially Redeveloped Redeveloped Airport Redevelopment Sites Not Redeveloped; Not Developed

Al le gh en y

Planned

Ri ve r

ive r

13 Blawnox Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 14 Duquesne Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 15 RIDC Riverplace Industrial CenterALLEGHENY of McKeesport Planned 16 Fifth Sterling Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 17 South Side Works Redeveloped 18 RIDC City Center of Duquesne Partially Redeveloped 43 19 Washingtonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Landing Redeveloped 20 Tippins Site Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 21 Tech One Office and Research Park Redeveloped 22 PL&E Site - McKees Rocks Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 23 Port Perry - North Versailles Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 24 Nine Mile Run - Summerset at Frick Park Partially Redeveloped 25 Neville Island KOZ Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 26 Neville Island KOZ Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 28 27 Neville Island Industrial and Office Complex Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 28 3400 Grand Ave - Neville Island Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 35 29 M & B Development Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 30 Leetsdale Industrial Park Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 27 31 Lawrenceville RIDC Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 13 32 Keystone Commons Redeveloped 20 33 Former Westinghouse Research Lab Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 22 31 34 Fab Tech and Buckeye Pipeline Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 19 35 Edgewater Steel Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 40 44 36 Steel Valley Area - Siemens Partially Redeveloped PITTSBURGH Developed 37 Hazelwood LTV Not Redeveloped/Not 38 W.N. Dambach Inc. Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 11 CARRIE FURNACE Developed 39 Hays Former Army Ammunition Plant Not Redeveloped/Not 21 38 40 Point Breeze Manufacturing Center 24 Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 17 Redeveloped/Not Developed 41 Carnegie Glass Plant Not 10 37 42 Koppers Site Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 36 43 Tarentum Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 32 49 4144 Untied Atlas Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 48 23 45 USS Clairton Not Redeveloped/Not Developed14 46 USS Dravosburg Partially Redeveloped39 18 47 Glassport Foundry Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 16 48 Steel Valley Area - WHEMCO Not Redeveloped/Not Developed 49 Steel Valley Area - Warehouse Partially Redeveloped15 46 50 McKeesport Steel Foundry Not Redeveloped/Not Developed

26 29

er Riv la ahe ong Mon

WESTMORELAND

CARRIE FURNACE

ARMSTRONG

ALLEGHENY 43

BEAVER

28 35

5 1 3

27 22

7 9

PITTSBURGH

11 38

CARRIE FURNACE 24 10 36 48

42 er Riv la ahe ong Mon

3.6

WESTMORELAND

WASHINGTON

Al le gh en y

Ohi o R ive r

Ri ve r

Miles

Map of Brownfield Inventory within Allegheny County

Mil

ile

13 M ile

r eC

P in

Mil

Mile 12

Mile 11

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Mile 14

T H E T H R E E R I V E R S

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Sharpsburg

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Mile 7

Mile 8

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Verona

Mile 9

B 8

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McKees Rocks

Millvale

ile 1

Mile 6

Mile

D 12

10 M

Oakmont

a rt

C re

Lawrenceville

Mile

North Side

ile

Road Bridge

Mil

D 18

R Mile 2

R M

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South Side

Beach Launch

Ramp Launch

Mile 4

le R u n Mi

CARRIE FURNACE

Mile 8

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Hazelwood

Mil

HOMESTEAD

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Braddock

Mil

r tl

Mile 6

Dock Launch

Downtown Pittsburgh

D 17

Hazard Area

Mile 0

Railroad Bridge Lock & Dam

Mil

Trail Pathway

ile

WHAT IS A WATER TRAIL?

ile

Mile

Water trails are recreational waterways on rivers between specific access points that provide day-use and camping sites for the boating public. Water trails emphasize low-impact use and promote resource stewardship. Monongahela River

ile

28 M

Mil

Ohio River

ley

1 Mile

R 15 Mile

The three rivers play a significant role to the region. The city fabric was organized based on industries utilizing the waterways to navigate and haul cargo. Today, the waterways still provide this economic asset with the growing recreational and public space along the edge. The Carrie Furnace site provides an excellent opportunity to participate in the waterway program in order improve the socio-economic value of the waterfront.

Mile 17

Springdale 15 Mile 16

Allegheny River

CARRIE FURNACE

Cheswick

The Allegheny River spans approximately 325 miles long and is the principal tributary of the Ohio River that runs through New York and Pennsylvania.

The Ohio River spans approximately 981 miles long and is the largest tributary by volume of the Mississippi River providing drinking water for (3) million People.

NAUTICAL MILES

M O N O N G A H E L A

3.7 3.8 3.9

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(Full Page) Three Rivers Destination Map (Right) Three Rivers water flow diagram (Left) Kayaking on the Allegheny River

The Monongahela River spans approximately 130 miles and is naviagable in its entire length with a series of locks and dams that maintain a min. 9â&#x20AC;&#x2122;-0â&#x20AC;? depth for coal-laden barges.

# 30

Title: Location: Size: Features: Contaminants: Status:

Carrie Furnace Allegheny County, PA 168 Acres Large Parcel, Flat Land, and Riverfront Location PCB’s, Sulfates, Asbestos, Iron, and Petroleum Declared a National Historic Landmark Shoverl-Ready Status by 2014

The Carrie Blast Furnace site was built in 1881 as part of US Steel’s Homestead Works. In 1898, Andrew Carnegie purchased the only remaining blast furnace in the Pittsburgh area and remains the focus of preservation on the site today. The Carrie

CARRIE FURNACE

B R I E F H I S T O R Y

Furnace was acquired by Allegheny County in 2006 and is now a National Historic Landmark. The site remains largely vacant and waiting developmental plans through a collaborated effort between Allegheny County and the Rivers of Steel entity.

1881 – Carrie Furnace is built 1884 – Original furnaces built in Ohio 1892 – Carrie Furnace takes part in Battle of Homestead 1898 – Carrie Furnace is purchased by Andrew Carnegie 1901 – Carrie Furnace becomes part of the US Steel Corp 1907 – Furnaces 6 & 7 built 1978 – Furnaces 6 & 7 closed 1978 – Carrie Furnace is shut down 1982 – Last operable furnaces (3 and 4) closed 1988 – Carrie Furnace is sold to Park Corporation 2005 – Allegheny County buys site from Park Corporation 2006 – Carrie Furnace 6 & 7 become a National Historic Landmark 2011 – Site cleared its Phase II Environmental Site Assessment by the US EPA 2013 – Flyover Construction and Cap Fill for shovel-ready Development

3.10 3.11

I I

(Left) Historical photo of blast furnace 6 & 7 (Right) 1965 Homestead District Works Site Map

H I S T O R I C A L C O N D I T I O N There is immense amount of negativity tied to the site. During its heyday, the labor conditions were horrifying and city was conceived as an economic rather than a civic entity. Employees worked 12 hours day/7 days a week and compensated based per man with hazardous conditions

3.12

caused more than 500 deaths per year. Being surrounded by access to raw materials stimulated the growth of the regions industrial manufacturing (Lubove). By 1910, large plant concentration and overspecialization inhibited adaptation to 20th century economic trends.

Snap-Shots of the Great Battle of Homestead Steel Strike

C U R R E N T As part of an ongoing effort to redevelop severely blighted areas of the River Valleys of Allegheny County, the Office of the County Executive & Redevelopment Authority of Allegheny County continue to acquire and remediate former heavy-industry based brownfields throughout the county with intentions to sell these properties back into the private sector for future redevelopment. Today, the site is listed on the National Registry of Historic Places by

C O N D I T I O N

the Department of Interior with pending Congressional Legislation to adopt approximately 30 acres of the site as a National Park that will pay homage to the history of steel making in the region. With the importation of over 350,000 cubic yards of clean fill to raise over 80 acres of prime developable acreage out of the flood plain, over 50 acres of shovel ready pads using DEP/EPA approved clean fill has been created (Deasy).

N G u i d i n g P r i n c i p l e s

C a p i t a l I n v e s t m e n t

The vision that is embraced by this joint Comprehensive Plan for the redevelopment of the Carrie Furnace site is established based on a a shared and supported vision among a collection of all key stakeholders and is summarized as follows:

The vision is accomplished by identifying key elements that will be required for the success of the redevelopment. These elements are identified within the comprehensive plan collective to develop a benchmark for the effective repurpose and implementation to the site.

US Government

The redevelopment would remain consistent with the goals of the Multi-Municipal Plan and reflect the rich historic heritage in a positive light while maximizing the sites full economic potential. Development of the site would result in an in increase in the tax-base and the creation of quality jobs of a non-retail nature for residents of the boroughs of Rankin, Swissvale, and Edgewood. Development would also increase the overall economic vitality and development potential of surrounding neighborhoods. Planning shall address potential negative social and environmental impacts to surrounding properties and provide the adequate and safe ingress and egress to the site. The principles also include a section titled “Promoting Sustainable Development” that is to be a major component toward ‘greening’ the Carrie Furnace Site.

The heart of the guiding principles of urban projects calls for a commitment to understanding the critical mass as an ecosystem in which physical coexistence can be fostered through design. It is not about making a stage set but making of social space able to generate a sense of ownership and connectivity (Bullivant, 11). To make waterfronts come alive, they must become places for people to dwell and not just visit or recreate to capture the benefits of the waters assets.

The Allegheny County Redevelopment Authority is will move forward with a Request for Development Proposals (RFDP) for the site that will incorporate the principles of an sustainable environment once all of the necessary infrastructure construction is complete and ‘shovel-ready’. One of the chief objectives for the site is to encourage the incorporation of “green technologies and industry” through assistance with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania’s Enterprise Zone Program, which allows for priority assistance through competitive grants and loan.

COMPREHENSIVE PLAN COLLECTIVE

S h a r e d & S u p p o r t e d V i s i o n

3.13

Enterprise Zone Corporation of Braddock

U.S. HUD CDBG Program U.S. HUD EDI-SP Program U.S. EPA

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

Redevelopment Capital Assistance Program Industrial Sites Reuse Program

Private Dollars (On-going)

ALLEGHENY COUNTY

PITTSBURGH

CARRIE FURNACE

THE

Leverage Matching Grants Create Unified Vision Expedite Development/Construction

Steel Industry Heritage Corporation

EDGEWOOD RANKIN SWISSVALE

Woodland Hill School District

Relationship Diagram among different stakeholders and influences

PRECEDENT STUDIES

36 - Gasworks Park

38 - Landschaftspark

40 - Battery Park City

42 - Museo del Acero

46 - Sands Bethworks

H ist or al

sit po Ex

ni tu or

se -U ed ix

pp O

tio

r Fo

ea cr Re

ic bl

Pu The following six case studies were selected in order to draw inspiration in remediating, redeveloping, and redesigning the Carrie Furnace site. Each study highlights their individual strength within their regional capacity and the variety of its socio-economic success provides a significant contribution toward careful application of similar strategies.

44 - The Highline

GASWORKS PARK Seattle, Washington

Size: 19 Acres Client: City of Seattle Project Team: Landscape Architect

Richard Haag

Public Forum On the shore of Lake Union opposite from downtown Seattle is a park that was built on a former Seattle Gas Light Company coal gasification plant. The site was acquired by the city in 1965 with the intent to turning it into green space. Ten years later, the park was opened under the direction of Richard Haag; a landscape architect was responsible for the design of the park. In 2013, Gas Works Park was listed in the National register of Historic Space. Starting from Top of Left Page: 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

I I I I

Gasworks Park Present Day Arches made from concrete Guerrila Art . Golden paper mache sculpture Fourth of July Fireworks

Starting from Top of Right Page: 4.5 4.6 4.7

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Gathering at outdoor grass mound Exhaust compressor play-barn Historical Aerial Plan View

PRECEDENT STUDY

A Great Earth Mound summit, created using on-

site excavated fill, was designed for passive recreation that allows strolling or flying a kite. It also allows large community gatherings of various scales, political rallies, and particularly well utilized during the Fourth of July festivities. While some of the old plant components stand in ruins, others were reconditioned for creative re-purpose. A central feature, the boiler house, has been converted to a picnic space. A former exhauster-compressor building was transformed into a open â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;play-barnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; space that is

both colorful and safe. Gas Works Park is one of the first projects that garnered the support of the public and remains one of the first projects that altered public perceptions of post-industrial landscapes. It is also considered a pioneer in exploring nontraditional methods of treating contaminating using the natural process of bioremediation as part of the master plan.

LANDSCHAFTSPARK Duisburg Nord, Germany

Size: 500 Acres Client: International Exhibition Emscher Park (IBA) Project Team: Landscape Architect

Latz+Partner

Recreation In the early 1990’s, an old industrial brownfield in the Ruhr district in Germany began its transformation into a notable green space. The IBA, an overseeing planning body for the site, held a competition where landscape architecture firm Latz + Partner were selected for the design.

Starting from Top of Left Page:

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Blast Furnace during winter

4.9

Aerial shot of music concert Walkway with red steel art installation

Starting from Top of Right Page:

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Gathering Space . ‘Piazza Mettalica’

4.12

Wall Climbing Landscape Design Plan

PRECEDENT STUDY

adds to the personality with no shortage in vegetation to

Among the array of garden spaces on site, the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Piazza

metallicaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; serves as one of the major symbolic expression for when the remaining infrastructure was once active. Its grid-like organization of massive cast iron plates is centrally located within the blast furnace plant. The identity of the site is amplified by observing the change in materiality as it continues to age in rust. The success of this attraction is made possible by the numerous activities that can be explored. Concrete walls are re-used as climbing walls and underground lakes are formed and used as water parks for diving and swimming. Promenades and art installations

bio-remediate the contamination for a long-term value added solution and recreation. The Duisburg Nord Landscape Park embraces the complex system and reuses existing infrastructure to create an identity that serves the public.

BATTERY PARK CITY Lower Manhattan, New York

Size: 92 Acres Planned Community Client: Battery Park City Authority (BPCA), New York Project Team: Architect Landscape Architect

Alex Cooper Stanton Eckstut Phillip Johnson Hanna/Olin

Mixed-Use At the southern tip of Manhattan, an original master plan was jointly presented by the city and state in 1969 to develop the site. The collapse of the real estate market left the proposed Battery Park City site vacant until 1982 with an alternative plan that follows a flexible urban design guideline. The residential condominiums as the original Battery Park City were built on a landfill that failed to sell and the original esplanade park portion was small and unattractive until the city added more landfill for its expansion.

Starting from Top of Left Page:

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Aerial view of Battery Park Park space during fall Historical aerial view of Battery Park South Cove Waterfront

Starting from Top of Right Page:

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South Cover Jetty Boardwalk

4.19

Promenade along waterfront Masterplan Program

PRECEDENT STUDY

The waterfront was recaptured with a esplanade

that draws thousands of cyclists, walkers, joggers, children, boaters, artists, locals, and people from every culture of the world moving along the various viewpoints along the Hudson River. The entire length of Battery Park City is lined with park space, gardens, and marinas. The walkways and bike paths were constructed out of concrete and granite pavers along with traditional bronze artwork details, lights, and railings. At the terminus of the walkway along the water is a small jetty at South Cove that was

opened in 1988 with collaboration between artists, architects, and landscape architects. The plantings work beautifully the different seasons. With a city backdrop, a multitude of green space, and public art installations that lead to the water beyond makes Battery Park City one of the most unforgettable visual and experiential waterfront development in the world.

MUSEO del ACERO Monterrey, Mexico

Size: 3.7 Acres Client: City of Monterrey Project Team: Architect Landscape Architect

Grimshaw Architects Surface Design, Inc.

Exposition In 1986, the city of Monterrey reclaimed the former steel production facility and former brownfield site. Eleven years later, the blast furnace has emerged into a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Museo Del Acerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, the Museum of Steel in order to maintain the historical relevancy of the area to serve as a new focal point of the region.

Starting from Top of Left Page:

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View of Green Roof and Museum

4.22

Main Entry way Re-purposed stepped water canal Site Plan

Starting from Top of Right Page:

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Circular Viewing Platform Steel Art Installation with viewport Ore Rock Art Installation

PRECEDENT STUDY

Expressing the values of the post-industrial relic

through a narrative capacity has founded much of the sites design. In order for the narrative element to shine through, many elements of the site have been reclaimed through adaptive re-use for outdoors exhibit spaces to define public plazas. Steel plates that formerly covered part of the exterior faĂ§ade were repurposed into a stepped canal where water then cascades leading to the entrance if the museum where rocks represent the ore â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s heating process within a sea of mist. A green roof the rises from the ground

plane into the roof subdues the heaviness of the structure below as it leads to a circular viewing platform full of drought-tolerant sedums. All of the storm run-off within the site boundaries is directed through treatment runnels former canals used to move steel by-products. The thoughtfulness of interpretation and inventive repurpose makes the Museo del Acero a successful museum and landscape space.

THE HIGHLINE Lower West-Side Manhattan, New York

Size: 1.0 Mile Linear Park Client: New York City Project Team: Landscape Architect James Corner Field Operations Diller Scofido + renfro

Opportunity This one and a half mile long elevated railroad was once used for transportation, known as the highline. With the introduction of trucks to transport goods around town, the use for this method of transport in Manhattan quickly declined. As a result, the abandoned railway was overtaken by natural growth of vegetation, which inspired the development of the current highline promenade. Starting from Top of Left Page:

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Aerial View of Highline

4.29

Steps leading up tp platform Visitors walking along Highline

Starting from Top of Right Page:

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Elevation shot at the start

4.32

Vegetation growing above platform Dance performance Rendered Perspective before construction

PRECEDENT STUDY

The signature linear aesthetic of the High Line

is carried throughout the entire span of the public space. The existing railroad tracks have been incorporated into the planting beds and the walkways. Visitors float twenty-five feet above the ground to a different world to walk the promenade with a thousand different vantage points that one can experience. The flora rises between the spaces of the linear paving plan as it did when it took over the railroad tracks during its non-use. Various art and recreation space is programmed along in different parts of the

park. Pockets of resting space are organized with differing themes. In turn, the increased attraction to the area improved the regional social and economic vibrancy. The improvement of the High Line plays a significant role in the fabric of the dense urban network altering the negative perceptions of a rusted industrial object to a highly praised green ribbon.

SANDS BETHWORKS Bethlehem, Pennsylvania

Size: Phase I - 20 Acres Client: RTKL Associates Inc. Project Team: Architect Landscape Architect Civil & Geotechnical

RTKL Associates Inc. SWA Group French & Parrello Associates, PA

Historical The headquarters of Bethlehem Steel Corporation continued to operate until 1998 when they closed their doors due to foreign competition and profit goals. After almost a century in operation, what was once the beating heart of the town has instantly left thousands without jobs and turned 1,200 acres of real estate into unproductive land.

Starting from Top of Left Page:

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View of furnaces from roadway

4.36

Bethlehem Steel Logo on Facade Worker by hot furnace Historic aerial view of site

Starting from Top of Right Page:

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Along train tracks riverfront

4.40

Lighted furnace during nighttime New plantings and walls New roadway and plantings

PRECEDENT STUDY

On the south banks of

the Lehigh Canal, an assembly of industrial ruins quickly grabs your attention as you approach the waterfront edge. Large relic furnaces stand tall, setting the backdrop juxtaposed to a lush green space. The deep colors of red, purple, and blue turn machines into monuments during the night as a constant reminder of the rise and fall of Bethlehem Steel as we embark on a new age. Newly planted trees and vegetation shape new roads and walkways that serve as an outward catalyst of the restoration process; a symbol of healing in the city of Bethlehem. The 20-acre Sands Bethworks project is determined to preserve the historic industrial setting while capturing the essence of its birth and recapture

the economic strength it once stood for. The reclamation of this disturbed land is a complex process that required a comprehensive team of professionals. In collaboration with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protections and the U.S. EPA, a cleanup agreement was enacted to begin one of the largest brownfield conversion plans in the nation. With 375 tons of contaminated soil excavated then backfilled with clean soil and the removal of petroleum residue, a new historic landscape is formed.

B O U N D A R I E S

I N F R A S T R U C T U R E

C O N N E C T I V I T Y

L A N D F O R M S C O N F L U E N C E E N V I R O N M E N T A L

E N T E R T A I N M E N T

SITE FORCES

50 - Boundaries

51 - Infrastructure

52 - Connectivity

54 - Landforms Confluence

5.1 5.2

I I

56 - Environmental

57 - Assets

(Left) Site Forces Diagram (Right) Carrie Furnace . Aerial Site

B O U N D A R I E S The Carrie Furnace site falls within multiple jurisdictions of Edgewood, Swissvale, Rankin, Braddock, and Whitaker, making it difficult to find a concensus to help develop the distressed region. Therefore, the site is declared a State-designated â&#x20AC;&#x153;Enterprise Zoneâ&#x20AC;? through June 2014. The Enterprise Zone Corp. of Braddock serves as the overseeing body for Zone comprised of Braddock, North Braddock, Rankin and Swissvale. The Enterprise Zone program makes available special incentives to assist in providing resources to promotes business development (ERS).

ERS

REGION

E D G E WO O D

S W I S S V A L E

N B R A D D O C K

W H I T A K E R

5.3 5.4

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(Top) Site Forces Diagram (Bottom) Site Forces Aerial Map

I N F R A S T R U C T U R E Working with utility companies have caused delays due to antiquated or no infrastructure present. In order to present a shovel-ready site to future developers, an extension of a new sewer line and a new storm water management plan was constructed.

Carrie Furnace Flyover Bridge (Allegheny County) Total Project Cost: TIGER Grant Funding:

$16,000,000 $10,000,000

(Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery)

Project Description: The project will help develop the historic blast furnace site by connecting it to the residential community. It ramp will improve ingress and egress safety by removing the need to pass three railroad crossings and providing direct access from the Ranking street bridge. These access improvements will enable the redevelopment and revitalization of the area. 5.5 5.6

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(Top) Flyover Ramp Contour Map (Bottom) Flyover Ramp in construction

SECTION OF HOT METAL BRIDGE DEMOLISHED FROM SITE

O k H

DUC

TRA

The Hot Metal Bridge extention, that had originally bisected the site in half, has been decomissioned and demolished. However, the bridge that crosses the Monongahela river is still intact but not in use. The bridge exposes contaminants to visitors, primarily asbestos, and will require safe and contained removal. Should the bridge be re-imagined as a pedestrian and bike only crossing, not only will it capitalize on the existing infrastructure, it will allow the connection between the Duck Hollow Trail and the Great Allegheny Passage .

W LLO

The Carrie site currently has only has a single point of entry and exit. When the planned completion of the flyover ramp in mid 2014, the site can now be accessed without the need to cross the railroad tracks.

Hot Metal Bridge Elevation/Demolition Diagram

C O N N E C T I V I T Y

5.7

A T W

EAS

The western end of the site is closed off to prevent tresspassing while the site continues to undergo the process of redevelopment. It will allow the connection to other neighborhoods and take advatnage of the real estate along the riverfront.

5.8 5.9

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(Left) Flyover Ramp facing Carrie Furnace (Right) Existing connectivity map

BRA CK

SITE FORCES

DDO BLV D

2nd

AVE GE RID

AVE CK

TAL B RIDGE

PROJE

CT BO UNDA

DGE BRI KIN

E A VE.

DRI

GREA

T AL LEG

DDO

RID G

ONT

RFR

HOTME

BRA

N 5.10 5.11 5.12

I I I

HENY

8th

300

PASS

RAN

ATE

SINGLE POINT OF ENTRY

AVE

DDO BRA

D BLV

NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK AREA

Mon ong ahe la Riv er

et .

CK DDO BRA

Stre

AGE

AVE

NUE

600

1,200 Feet

(Top) Barricaded West entry point below railroad tracks (Middle) Existing condition of hot metal bridge (Right) Rankin Bridge

SLOPES The north edge include areas of slope that are 25% or greater (ERS). The steep slopes makes development in these areas difficult due to limited soil stability and increasesd erosion. Much of the steel slope areas remained undeveloped due to these constraints. WOODLANDS There are small woodland areas found within the region. The majority of this typology corresponds to the steep slopes that surround the edge of the Carrie Furnace site. The woodlands expands further west toward the regions larger recreational parks: Frick Park and Les Getz Memorial park.

C O N F L U E N C E FLOODPLAINS Development in a floodplain can result in damage and destruction of property due to flooding, habitat destruction, and loss of riparian buffers, and increase downstream flooding. The 100-year floodplain is primarily located along the Monongahela River, the most significant water feature, on the Carrie Furnace Site (ERS). WATERSHEDS A watershed is the area of land where all of the surface and ground water travels to the same place. Watersheds conform to natural hydrologic boundaries, rather than political boundaries. Water from all adjacent boroughs reaches the Monongahela River and eventually ends up in the Ohio River Watershed. There are two sub-watersheds which is the Nine Mile Run, and the Monongahela River Watershed. The Nine Mile Run Watershed includes the majority of Edgewood and Swissvale run-off while the Monongahela River Watershed includes the southern portion of Swissvale and all of Rankin (ERS). Hot Metal Bridge

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;MONâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; RIVER

DIAGRAMMATIC SECTION

100 YR FLOOD PLAIN

10 20

30 40 50 60

E SS

W SW W

S SW

40.4131째 N 79.8901째 W

:00

W SS

WIND MAP

25%+ SLOPE

SUN PATH

DIAGRAMMATIC SECTION 5.13 5.14

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(Main) Landforms and Confluence Map with wind map and sun path (Bottom) Diagrammatic Section

E N V I R O N M E N T A L CONTAMINANTS IDENTIFIED ON-SITE

REASONS FOR ENCAPSULATION

The nature of steel mills and their operation has led to a site that is contaminated with the following elements:

Iron

There are a couple main reasons encapsulation was the primary mode of control. The Phase I & II of the site assessment recognized that the amount and type of contamination can be addressed with capping. Since no soil was excavated, it was financially motivated to bring soils from the regional, often from previously excavated or demolished sites for construction, as the source for clean fill (Allegheny County).

Petroleum

In addition, it was imperative that the site increase the grade to address100year flood plain that would have affected or delayed any future redevelopment effort (Deasy).

PCB’s Sulfates Asbestos

This does not mean that contamination will never pose a risk to public health. There are always risks involved with the unknown and effectively future water systems will play a large role in maintaining the safety of visitors to the site.

PRIMARY METHOD OF CONTAINMENT - ENCAPSULATION “Capping” refers to the installation of a cover of soil clay layer, or a durable waterproof membrane or a combination of both over contaminated material on site. The cap prevents human or environmental contact. Encapsulation is appropriate for all levels of polluted soil found on brownfields.

By using a soil cap, the remaining contaminated soil, buried deep underground, does not pose an environmental or health risk.

SITE FORCES

ENTERTAINMENT VALUE The Carrie Furnace site, being one of the few remaining steel mill that retains a charming derelict asthetic in close proximity to downtown Pittsburgh, has repeatedly turned the constraint often tied to brownfields into an opportunity. Movie productions, documentaries, and music videos from native music artists such as Whiz Kalifa has made the Carrie Furnace continue to provide a significant contribution to the entertainment industry.

ARTISTIC OUTLET Art installations are now a part of the Carrie Furnace personality. In 1997, a group of young Pittsburgh artist risked indjury and persecution during their guerilla site-specific artworks. Abandoned industrial sites were their canvas using materials found on site. One of their most sucessful expressions is the the 40-ft tall deer sculputre made primarily by steel. The â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Carrie Deerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; has survived 15 years of change, spearheading the arts co-op movement (Carrie Deer).

EVENTS The site hosts a number of events throughout the year. Steel tours, beer, and food fairs occur far more often than the host of concerts that also makes its way into the programming. Today, artists are welcomed through tours and workshops to help foster artistic expression and deterring vandalism at the same time.

5.15 5.16

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Out of the Furnace movie poster Furnace Bash logo

5.17 5.20

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Urban Art Tours flyer 40-ft tall Carrie Deer guerilla artwork installation

T H E

D E S I G N

After a thorough analysis of the sites opportunities and constraints, stakeholder interview, and long-term plan, the site was divided into (3) categories of space: The Furnace, Steel Forum, and The Exchange. Each of these spaces are will be responsible for carrying out a specific set of program elements that will play on top of each other strengths to create a destination that will be an asset for adjacent neighborhoods and the region.

GREEN STEEL

60 -Photo Collage 70 - Steel Forum

62 - Master Plan 72 - Forum Perspective

64 - Axonometric 74 - Cafe Square

65 - Plant Pallette 76 - The Exchange

66 -The Furnace 78 - Waterfront

68 - Homestretch 80 - Waterfront Aerial

GREEN STEEL

M A S T E R 0

300

600

P L A N 1,200 Feet

THE FURNACE

STEEL MUSEUM ART EXHIBITION RECREATION 6.2

Master Plan

MAPLE AVE. FLEET ST.

STEEL FORUM PUBLIC SPACE DINING OUTLET COMMUNITY GARDEN

THE EXCHANGE OFFICE SPACE PROFESSIONAL JOBS LIGHT MANUFACTURING

VEGETATION LANDSCAPE PATH

B U I L D I N G B A S E

Axonometric Diagram

I 6.3

W A T E R

AXONOMETRIC DIAGRAM

A brownfield redevelopment site may be a difficult environment to established vegetation. There are concerns relating to poor soil conditions as in addition to problems related to a construction site such as compaction. It is essential to identify species that are tolerant of contamination and/or do not require deep penetration passed the capped layer.

GREEN STEEL

PLANTING FOR BROWNFIELDS SHRUBS Indigobush Amorpha fruticosa

GRASSES

Silky dogwood Cornus amomum

Bluestem, big Andropogon gerardii

Autumn olive Elaeagnus umbellata

Buffalograss Buchloe dactyloides

Viburnum Viburnum spp.

Tall fescue Festuca arundinacea

TREES Loblolly pine Pinus taeda

Switchgrass Panicum virgatum

Black locust Robinia pseudoacacia

Deertongue grass Paricum cladestinum

Red maple Acer rubrum

Annual ryegrass Lolium multiflorum

Silver maple Acer saccharium

FORBES & LEGUMES

River birch Betula nigra

Alfalfa Medicago sativa

Gingko Gingko biloba

Crownvetch Coronilla varia

Red Oak Quercus rubra

Common lespedeza Lespedeza striata var. Kobe

London plan tree Platanus x acerfolia

Serica lespedeza Lespedeza cuneata 6.4 6.5

I I

Hybrid poplars Populus spp. Buffalograss Crownvetch

6.6 6.7

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Viburnum Black locust

01THE FURNACE

simultaneously without obstruction. From tours of the furnace, exhibition of urban art installations, indoor and outdoor concerts, garden showcase, and beer festivals, the opportunities for will be endless for any temporal bliss within a permanent backdrop.

AMPHI-SEATING

1,200 Feet

PARKING

EHXHIBITION

HALL

RUN-OFF

600

BIO-PONDS

SECONDARY AUTO

ENTRY POINT

TRAILS TO

DUCK HOLLOW

300

The western end of the site, known as ‘The Furnace’ is programmed to highlight the historic Carrie Furnace as the grounds of the official museum. This end requires flexible space through an open platform that allows a multitude of activities to happen

GREEN STEEL

WELCOME TEMPORAL GATHERING WATER GARDEN GARDEN ROW

EXTENDED BOARDWALK

HOMESTRETCH 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11

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(Left) 01 Furnace (Top Left) Carrie Furnace Panorama Carrie Furnace - Inside Warehouse Row of Trees

HOMESTRETCH

OBSERVATION PLATFORM RESTING SPACE

MUSEUM RE-USE

HOMESTRETCH LANE

LIGHTED PATHWAY

6.12

Homestretch Perspective

GREEN STEEL

02STEEL FORUM

The central “Steel Forum” is an active public space that acts as a buffer between the two ends. The circular layered green space tied with boardwalks allows a large community gathering perfect for special holiday occasions. A green-roof covers the main parking lot, located to provide event parking

outside of normal business hours. The roof serves to reduce heat islands and provide a edible garden for community outreach without the risk of contact to contaminated soils. ‘Eatery Square’ is an outlet to provide food, on-site.

EDIBLE

GREEN ROOF

HILL ENTRY

RUNNEL

GARDEN

PROMENADE

ENTRYWAY

#6 FURNACE

R E C R E A T I O N

GREEN STEEL

COMMUNITY INTEGRATION

DINING AREA

PUBLIC GATHERING ROUND-ABOUT RAIN GRARDEN

CAFE SQUARE STEEL FORUM

6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16

I I I I

(Left) 02 Steel Forum (Top Left) Crowd of People Sitting on Grass Edible Garden

CAFE SQUARE

6.17 6.18

I I

(Right) Cafe Square Perspective (Bottom) Site Section

SECONDARY ROADWAY RAILWAY TRACKS PAVED GROUND STEEL FORUM GREEN SPACE PEDESTRIAN PATHWAY WATER

SECTION

GREEN STEEL

STEEL FORUM

GREEN STEEL

GREEN ROOF SECTION

6.19 6.20

I Green Roof Section I (Left) Steel Forum Perspective

03EXCHANGE

On the east end is the ‘Exchange’, where the economic engine of the site is primarily located. This end provides a 3-story office space space adjacent to the steel forum. This development is key to attracting established companies, emerging industries, and

vocational schools. The collection of buildings next to the utility site are designed as a open warehouse platform to accomodates light manufacturing industries for blue-collar jobs. The large parking space allows space for shipping trucks to maneuver.

SECONDARY

ROUTE

TRUCK

PARKING

RUN-OFF

COLLECTOR

PERIPHERAL

PARKING

DETENTION

POND

BIKE/PED

BRIDGE

E C O - T E C H O F F I C E

GREEN STEEL

R I V E R F R O N T

LIGHT MANUFACTURING

WELCOME

EMPLOYEE GATHERING

RECREATION

GARDEN ROW

WATERFRONT 6.21 6.22 6.23 6.24

I I I I

(Left) 03 Exchange (Top Left) Seattle River Edge Eco-Park Building Light Manufacturing Worker

WATERFRONT

6.25

Waterfront Perspective

OUTDOOR SEATING AREA

TIERED RIVER EDGE FLOOD PROTECTION

BOARDWALK

GREEN STEEL

WATERFRONT AERIAL

6.26

Waterfront Aerial Perspective

GREEN STEEL

Drosscapes is an inevitable part of human progress and will remain at the cusp of the ever-changing urban fabric. The Carrie Furnace stands as an excellent model for future processes that may provide an invaluable economic, social, and environmental contribution to the surrounding community where it is needed the most. The necessary tools and financial support continue to grow through both private and public entities. The positive feedback from the public, through successful projects, help steer the positive momentum this paradigm toward sustainability and human health has created. This inherent awareness to the responsibilities for brownfield redevelopment is an extension if self-preservation and improved quality of life. The reclamation of these disturbed lands is a complex process that requires a comprehensive team of professionals; where landscape architects continue to remain at the focal point of the creation, destruction, decay, and regeneration of this residual landscape. There is no doubt that the road to reach the rate of redevelopment to match or overtake the rate of the destroying land and leaving derelict areas is a long one, but we are headed in the right direction.

CONCLUSION 83 - Synopsis

84 - References

85 - Thank You

R E F E R E N C E S Site Specific Data

ENVIRON. 2003. Final Report Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Carrie Furnace Works Rankin, Pennsylvania. Rep. no. 21-11017A. St. Peters: ENVIRON International Corporation. KU Resources, Inc. 2005. PHASE II Environmental Site Assessment Sampling and Analysis Plan Former Carrie Furnace Facility Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Rep. Duqesne: KU Resources. Allegheny County, Allegheny Place: The Allegheny County Comprehensive Plan Executive Summary. Retrieved May, 2014, from http://www.alleghenyplaces.com/comprehensive_plan/comprehensive_plan.aspx Edgewood, Rankin, & Swissvale. 2009. Multi-Municipal Comprehensive Plan. Retrieved May, 2014 from http://www.edgewood.pgh.pa.us/Downloads/comprehensiveplan/Edgewood%20Rankin%20Swissvale%20Comp%20Plan.pdf

Precedent Studies

Saunders, William S., Patrick M. Condon, Gary R. Hilderbrand, and Elizabeth K. Meyer. 1998. Richard Haag: Bloedel Reserve and Gas Works Park. New York: Princeton Architectural. Lin, Shijian. 2013. Open Space: Urban Public Landscape Design. Hong Kong: SendPoints. Kirkwood, Niall. 2001. Manufactured Sites: Rethinking the Post-industrial Landscape. London: Spon. Berger, A. 2006. Drosscape: wasting land in urban America. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.

Remediation Practices

Eweis, J. B. 1998. Bioremediation principles. Boston: WCB/McGraw-Hill. Hollander, Justin B., Niall Kirkwood, and Julia L. Gold. 2010. Principles of Brownfield Regeneration: Cleanup, Design, and Reuse of Derelict Land. Washington: Island. Russ, Thomas H. 2000. Redeveloping Brownfields: Landscape Architects, Planners, Developers. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hendrickson, C., Lange, D., Mashayekh, Y., Nagengast, A., & Zhang, S. Estimation of Comparative Life Cycle Costs and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Residential Brownfield and Greenfield Developments. . Retrieved March 1, 2014, from http://www.cmu.edu/steinbrenner/brownfields/epa-lca-project/bf_gf-life-cycle-comparison-paper-final-submittal.pdf Lange, D., Wang, D., Zhuang, M., & Fontana, W. Brownfield Development Selection Using Multiattribute Decision Making. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 04013009. Retrieved March 1, 2014, from http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29UP.1943-5444.0000182

Design & Planning

Bullivant, Lucy. 2012. Masterplanning Futures. London: Routledge. Gastil, Raymond. 2002. Beyond the Edge: New Yorkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s New Waterfront. New York, NY: Princeton Architectural. Marshall, Richard. 2001. Waterfronts in Post Industrial Cities. London: Spon.

Community & Historical

Ryan, Brent D. 2012. Design after Decline: How America Rebuilds Shrinking Cities. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania. Bright, Elise M. 2000. Reviving Americaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Forgotten Neighborhoods: An Investigation of Inner City Revitalization Efforts. New York: Garland Pub. Lubove, R. 1969. Twentieth-century Pittsburgh; government, business, and environmental change. New York: Wiley.

Personal Interviews

Baraff, Ronald. 22 Mar. 2014. Rivers of Steel, Director of Museum Collections and Archives. Personal Interview. Deasy, Erin, and Smith, Alex. 24 Mar. 2014. Allegheny County Economic Development, Project Manager. Personal Interview. Lange, Deborah. 25 Mar. 2014. Carnegie Mellon University: Western Pennsylvania Brownfields Center, Executive Director PhD, PE, DEE. Personal Interview.

CONCLUSION

THANK . YOU

GREEN STEEL

RE-DEVELOPING A FORMER BROWNFIELD STEEL MILL

2014 University of California, Davis - Landscape Architecture