Architectural Portfolio - Masters in Conservation and Regeneration by Saatvika Pancholi

S A AT V I K A PA N C H O L I

ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PORTFOLIO

S A AT V I K A PA N C H O L I CONTACT PHONE +91-8921121201, 7874514767, 0731-2701442

E-MAIL saatu.pancholi@gmail.com

ADDRESS F-8 Radio Colony, Residency area, Indore - 452001 Madhya Pradesh, India.

NETWORKING instagram.com/saatvikapancholi Linkedin.com/saatvikapancholi Cities are a construct of various historic layers manifesting in different cultures that form its identity and uniqueness. I grew up in the vibrant city of Indore, which has a strong influence of its neighboring states on its architecture, culture and cuisine. Having studied my Bachelors in architecture in one of the oldest and celebrated universities of the country, M.S.University, in the cultural capital of Gujarat, made me a sensitive designer with profound interest in the historic structures. My experience in Kerala, where I worked with Eco-friendly building techniques, made me realize the importance and need of becoming sustainable in today’s time. What is more sustainable than conservation! My masters in conservation and regeneration from CEPT University developed a deeper and directed understanding of the subject. I believe with my education, experience and interest I can contribute to the field of architecture, research and conservation.

‘Pazhevnadakkavu’ - Urban Regeneration studio work (CEPT) 2021

EDUCATION

WORK EXPERIENCE

Masters in Conservation and Regeneration (M.Arch) - 2019-2021 Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology (CEPT University),Ahmedabad, Gujarat Topped in the course with the Best studio and Thesis awards - GPA - 4.4 (5)

Founder/Principal Architect

Bachelors in Architecture (B.Arch) - 2011-2016 The Maharaja Sayaji Rao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat Topped in first year and 4th in the final year Thesis - 64%

Nov 2017- Mar 2019

Chirping Birds Design studio, Indore/Vadodara Designed and executed residential construction projects, restaurant, office and house interiors in Indore and Vadodara. Worked closely with local artisans and gave them a platform by exhibiting and selling their crafts under the studio name. Designed logos for a few companies.

Higher Secondary Examination - 2011 Central Board of Secondary Education - 89.4%

Teaching Professional

2018 - 2019

SKILLS

Headed the architecture entrance examination preparation for the school students.

Silica Design Career Guide, Indore

Computer skills

Personal skills

The Maharaja SayajiRao University of Baroda,Vadodara

Autocad Google Sketch-up Adobe Illustrator Adobe Photoshop Adobe Fresco Adobe Dimension Procreate Prezi Microsoft office

Model making Sketching Research Effective communication Organizational skills

Assisted the main design studio faculty for the design studio of first semester Devi Ahilya Vishvavidyalaya, Indore Taught the subject, history of architecture in the vocational training program Architect Chopra Design Studio, Indore

June 2017-Dec 2017

Was responsible in preparation of working drawings, designed residences, temple and market space for the sites in Indore.

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Project Architect Wallmakers, Trivandrum/Kochi

D.O.B. - 29 December 1993 Interests Analyzing, Illustrating comics, classical dance(Bharatnatyam), Traveling, Photography, Cooking Memberships

Handled the complete execution of the award winning residence in Trivandrum which was constructed using the C.S.E.B. blocks, ferro cement and bamboo. Worked for the construction of pavilion at the Kochi biennalle using the technique of shuttered debris wall. Hands on experience in the manufacturing of walls, slabs and facades from waste. Intern Architect Archventure, Bangalore

Council of Architecture, India - CA/2017/90476 ICOMOS India

Nov 2016-June 2017

June 2014-Nov 2014

Was responsible for the working drawings of residential projects, designing interiors and monitoring site works

Languages English and Hindi (Speaking,Reading,writing), Gujarati (Speaking)

WORKSHOP EXPERIENCE

REFERENCES Dr. Arun Menon

Dr. Brintha Lakshmi

Associate Professor, Dept. of structural engineering Indian Institute Of Technology, Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu

Retired H.O.D. Dept. of Architecture The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara,Gujarat

arunmenon@iitm.ac.in

brinthalakshmi@gmail.com

Cultural Heritage and Resilience, Urban regeneration of Kathmandu,Nepal

2019

UNESCO Kathmandu, Intersection foundation, Kathmandu municipal corporation Bamboo institute, Auroville, Pondicherry

2014

Heritage listing in Vadodara, Vadodara Municipal Corporation 2012

Architecture and art has the potential to bring substantial change in the society. One small space can sow the seeds of brighter and colorful future of the country. - Illustration of ZAV Architects office, Iran.

CONTENTS ACADEMICS Masters in Conservation and Regeneration (CEPT University, Ahmedabad) 1. Urban Regeration Studio - Form Based codes for Thrissur, Preserving the sense of place

2. Directed Research Project (Thesis) - Earthquake Resilience of Pol Houses in Ahmedabad

3. Architectural Conservation - Jain Upashray, Zaveriwad, Ahmedabad

4. Significance of Amritvarshini Vav

5. Insurgent Public Spaces

PROFESSIONAL Wallmakers, Ar. Vinu Daniel 1. Tara Pillai residence

2. Kochi Biennale Pavilion

Chirping Birds Design Studio, Freelance 1. Ankalav residence

2. Interiors, Wall mural

ACADEMICS Bachelors in Architecture (The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara) 1. Thesis - Dynamic Asset, Heritage of Indore

ILLUSTRATIONS

FORM BASED CODES FOR THRISSUR Preserving the ‘sense of place’ through Urban Regeneration

Arrival of a small group of Brahmins later known as Namboothiris (Around 400B.C.)

Jews reached the coast (currenly Thrissur district) around 68A.D.

Source - K.M.Pannikar. (1960). A history of Kerala -1498 - 1801. Annamalai: The Annamalai University .

Chinese Persians

Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers - Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

Arabs

Romans

Muziris as the main trading port - where trade Greeks

Romans,Italians,Persians, and Greeks (around 2nd century B.C.) Source - K.M.Pannikar. (1960). A history of Kerala -1498 - 1801. Annamalai: The Annamalai University .

It is believed that lord Parshuram established 64 brahmin gramams out of which 32 were in present day kerala. Thrissur being one of them

Various art forms mainly Sanskrit play developed Source - K.M.Pannikar. (1960). A history of Kerala -1498 - 1801. Annamalai: The Annamalai University .

Four disciples of Shankara archya established mathoms, Thekke Mathom is the oldest center of Advitha Vedantha in Kerala

One of the folklore is that the King of Chera empire went to visit Mohammad with ginger pickle. And when he returned he adopted Islam as his religion.

Source - Narayanan, V. (n.d.). ThekkeMadham . Thrissur .

Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers - Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

Islam as a religion

Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers - Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

72 propretory rights were given to jews by Cheras - equivalent to high class Source - Ravindran, T. (1973 ). Journal of Kerala Studies . Trivandrum : University of Kerala.

Source - V.V.K.Valath. (2016). Keralathile sthala nama charithrangal - Thrissur Jila . Thrissur : Kerala Sahitya Akademi .

Arrival of St. Thomas from Syria at Kodungalloor. (52AD)

Birth of Adi shankaracharya

Portugese burnt the town o Kodungalloor ,jews and muslims wer

Patrilineal system to matrilineal Jainism and Buddhism completely disappreaed

The event led to the large scal

Trade declined, economic loss

Cochin became important port for trade, kodungalloor (mahodayapuram) lost its glory

"the Namboothiri age" increased the system of landlord came into picture, Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers - Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

Source - K.M.Pannikar. (1960). A history of Kerala -1498 - 1801. Annamalai: The Annamalai University .

Malayalam as a language seperated from Tamil

Prominence of shaivism led to the decline of pure dravidian

Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers - Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

Cochin. Portugese got help from troop from Lisbon, Goa along with Cochin t win Cranganore Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers - Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

Sack of Crangannore Kodungalloor (1505)

Source - K.M.Pannikar. (1960). A history of Kerala -1498 - 1801. Annamalai: The Annamalai University .

Origin of Kingdom of Cochin Perumpadappu Swarupam

Chera chola war begins

Rise of Zamorins in the northern kerala Thrissur district was captured by Zamorins. - Rivilary between Kingdom of cochin and Zamorins

Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

Vasco da gama arrives at Cochin

Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers - Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

Source - Veluthat, K. (1978). Brahman Settlements In kerala. Calicut : Calicut University .

100 A.D.

500 B.C.

500 A.D.

700 A.D.

1000 A.D.

800 A.D.

1300 A.D.

Shiva shrine within the t e m p l e complex

Arab merchants

Impetus to temple building

1600 A.D.

Kerala

Vasco da gama arrives at Calicut Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

Neolithic and megalithic sites - Thrissur district

Source - Varghese, D. R. (2019). Megalithic sites of Thrissur, Kerala. Sahepedia.org .

1500 A.D.

End of the Sangam period

End of the Megalithic period

Porkalam, umbrella stones, Dolmen etc

1400 A.D.

It is believed that lord Shiv was invited by Parshuram to visit his land, on one hill lock his

Koothambalam (performing stage) at Vaddakkunathan temple complex in Thrissur

Vadakkunathan Temple - Thrissur Zamorins

Dewaswoms had wealth and power.

and refused to go further. Today the temple of Vaddakunathan in Thrissur is at located in kerala. Source - V.V.K.Valath. (2016). Keralathile sthala nama charithrangal - Thrissur Jila . Thrissur : Kerala Sahitya Akademi .

Churches in Palayoor

thrissur in Sanskrit literature

Padinijaechira

At one of the Namboothiri gramams St.Thomas saw few brahmins having bath in sacred pond. He asked them if they can stop the water droplets in air? to this St.Thomas performed the magic

Bhrahmaswom Mathom Cheramun Mosque at Kodungalloor (629A.D.) Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers - Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

EARLY RULERS - NOT IDENTIFIED

CHERA DYNASTY

KINGDOM OF COCHIN

ZAMORINS OF CALICUT

The project is based in Thrissur, Kerala, which focuses on the understanding of the city, its history, evolution, settlement pattern, cultural assets and intangible heritage that defines the ‘uniqueness’ of Thrissur. The study identifies the major aspects which are to be conserved to preserve its ‘uniqueness’ that determines its significance and sense of place. The current approach towards the development of the city has been questioned and analyzed through three sites relating with identified aspects. The proposal is based on the form based codes which could be a way forward for Thrissur.

INTRODUCTION Thrissur, the city located centrally in the southern state of Kerala, India. Historically the city was known by the name of Thrissivaperur - land of ‘three major shiva temples’. The city was also known as ‘Vrishabhadripuram’ which is ‘kailasam of the south’. The Thrissur municipal coporation has an area of 101.42 sqkm, According to the Provisional Census Report 2011, Thrissur corporation has a population of 3,15,596. The centre point of Thrissur town, the Thekkinkadu Maidan and Vadakkunnathan temple are located in a high area(hillock of 65 acres) There is a gradual slope towards all direction from the central area. Throughout the region, there are pockets of high lands and wetlands. The map from the state archaeology department shows that the region consists of several megalithic sites indicating the early settlement. Thrissur is known for its Vadakkunnathan temple, that is located centrally on a mount around which the city developed. The city also holds the title of the cultural capital of Kerala.

of re

Thrissur becomes capital for kingdom of families from near by towns and Cochin for Cochin under Raja trading, Invited Tamil Rama Verma IX.

ps to

Dutch won and took hold of Cranganore Cochin fort came under Dutch in 1663 Dutch established monopoly over trade.

Mysore Invasions

Cochin became tributory to Mysore under Hyder Ali. Later the rule was suceeded by

Cochin

entered the cochin Territory

Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers - Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

Treaty with English east India Company

Rama Verma was the prince at Cochin. Hyder Ali

Tipu Sultan

faccilitate

business

(they were supported by Portugese)

Source - Menon, P. R. (1941). Shaktan Thampuran . Ernakulam: Vishvanath Press .

Developed markets and segerated the areas as per the religion

Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers - Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

Dutch and Portugueses war (1662)

Story of Kuriyedathu Thatri - A sixteen year old Namboothiri girl who was married to an aged person. To oppose against the

Shakthan Thampuran started taxes

Source - Menon, P. R. (1941). Shaktan Thampuran . Ernakulam: Vishvanath Press .

First “Chit” fund started

Abolished the “yogadripad” system, took control of temples from Namboothiris

Kingdom of Cochin became an ally of

the

smooth

men at the trial court.

Shankara Warrier Deewan

gradually then disappreared

Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers - Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

movement began in Thrissur

Namoothiri women( widows) focusing on widow remarriage

Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers - Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

Birth of Namboothiri Yogaksham Sabha

Source - Ravindran, T. (1973 ). Journal of Kerala Studies . Trivandrum : University of Kerala.

states of Malayali living in the Malabar, Travancore and Cochin (Thiru Cochin) the conference

Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

Guruvayur Satya graha

Vidya Vinodani Magazine by CA Achutya Menon

First survey map of Thrissur by Gould with wetlands and

For entry of Harijans in temples

and paid all the depts.

inside devoid of any freedom, she adopted the path of

were cleaned sothat it could be used every season. The road network between Thrissur and coimbatore was established Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers - Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

begins in Thrissur

Kingdom of Cochin was under keeping an eye to establish direct control, then wife of the

Kaisar -i-hind to

state

Electricity Thrissur

Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers - Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

Amma

communist party in the world.

Thrissur district

Public Library Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers - Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

1700 A.D. 1750 A.D.

1776 A.D.

‘Tiru Neelakanth an’ elephant Hyder Ali temple records Source - V.V.K.Valath. (2016). Keralathile sthala nama charithrangal Thrissur Jila . Thrissur : Kerala Sahitya Akademi .

Thrissur by Johann Ernst Hanxleden in Malayalam, literature in Malayalam Menon, P. R. (1941). Shaktan Thampuran . Ernakulam: Vishvanath Press .

Source - V.V.K.Valath. (2016). Keralathile sthala nama charithrangal - Thrissur Jila . Thrissur : Kerala Sahitya Akademi .

temple oracle - vellichapad - told aloud to Shakthan Thampuran not to cut the forest around the temple as it was the jata of lord shiva. Infureated at the disrespect the king for establishing ground and trade markets.

ZAMORINS OF CALICUT KINGDOM OF COCHIN

1889 A.D.

1900 A.D. 1901 1908 1912

1919

1921

Namboothiri vidhayalaya was established for providing english

Mosque constructred

1936

1946

Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers - Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

Cochin port

1947

1949 A.D. 1956

1957

Establishment of Kerala Sahitya Academi

of the city the electricity is under municipality and not kseb.

Namoothiri boys

Town hall

1931

Diwan gave the rights of electricity to a private company in Thrissur that led to the

Developed water ways “venchiculam” for trading Temple

brahmins also migrated to Kochi.

Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers - Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

Shakthan Thampuran Palace

Source - V.V.K.Valath. (2016). Keralathile sthala nama charithrangal - Thrissur Jila . Thrissur : Kerala Sahitya Akademi .

Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers - Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

1840 A.D.

1814 A.D. 1816 A.D.

Many bungalows, travel guest houses were constructed, Chiras (ponds) were made during Shankar Warrier’s

Establishment of collectorate in Thrissur. Tipu sultan converted the temple and mathoms as his

Zamorins performed the ritual of ‘thulabaram’ in Vadakkunathan temple weighing himself against gold and gave the gold to brahmins

1805 A.D.

1800 A.D.

1791 A.D.

Thrissur District

E. M. S. Namboodiripad

She was able to sign the contract with the London the swaraj road and also maintaining it for 50 years Source - Menon, A. S. (1961 ). Kerala State Gazetteers - Trichur . Thrissur : Thiruvalla Government Press .

St.Thomas College

Marth Mariam Church

from CPI party, who studied vedas at Brahmaswom mathom and then completed college at St. Thomas college. District map of Kerala

Source - Singh, J. (1960 ). Communism in kerala . Wiley online library.

Kollengode palace

Who built the fort walls? Source - V.V.K.Valath. (2016). Keralathile sthala nama charithrangal - Thrissur Jila . Thrissur : Kerala Sahitya Akademi .

KINGDOM OF COCHIN

Source - Menon, P. R. (1941). Shaktan Thampuran . Ernakulam: Vishvanath Press .

MYSORE EMPIRE

ELECTED GOVERNMENT

BRITISH RULE

If the historical timeline is read together, it is realized that every small event or political decision reflects in the urban morphology and is linked with the development of intangible heritage through the participation of communities. The historical timeline has been designed correlating the facts, the folklores associated, the dynasty ruling, and how the architecture and the urban form evolved.

Megalithic sites in the region

Low land < 20m

Upland 300 - 600m

Mid land 20 -100m

Highland 600 - 1200m

Midup land 100 - 300m

Location of Thrissur in the state of Kerala

Thrissur in proximity with Kochi and other historically important towns.

Topography of the region

Map of Thrissur Municipal boundaries

Central part of the city

Vadakkunnathan temple - ASI

IDENTIFICATION OF ASPECTS

Usage

Residences

Others

Devaswom boards Believes Sacred grooves - Kavu Ponds - Kulam

Archival data

Through the readings of approaches like historic urban landscape, the three keywords for Thrissur to work further were identified which are history, culture, and topography.

OLD CITY ‘IDENTITY’

Urban form physical terms

Community

ARCHITECTURAL TYPOLOGIES

SIGNIFICANT STREETS

TEMPLE ECOSYSTEMS

Temples mapped with in the old city

Temples in Pooram

TRADE AND LOCAL INDUSTRIES

Local industries in and around Thrissur

Shops in the High road area

WATER SYSTEMS

Water ways

Ponds

Archival data

Wet lands

Based on these key words various possible sites defining the city were identified through archival research, community interactions and site visits. The map here shows the major trade Temple Public Shops in the Laws/Policies routes, and the Temple festival routes, the possible settlement within the conjectural fort Maps High road area wall, the areas developed through trade, Dravidian temples and vedic school and major water way connecting the city to Kochi. Chit Funds The study was channeled into the following aspects of old city identity, temple ecosystems, trade, and local industries, water systems, and two overlapping aspects of architectural typologies and significant streets. If we define the first aspect of old city identity the thought was to include all the existing narratives which are not recognized. As only the main vadakkunathan temple and some of the colonial heritage is recognized for Thrissur. the second dominating aspect defining the city are the temples and their strong presence in the culture and the growth of the city. 3rd Trade and local industries - today the city is a hub of major business which traces back to the migration of different communities and their settlement. 4th Water systems – due to the topography of the city naturally wetlands and streams are present and traditionally ponds were constructed. Within my study I have broadly worked on the temple ecosystems, old city identity, trade and local industries in relation with their significant streets and architectural typologies. (show in map) Hence for the semester I have worked on three sites first - the major old market area, second – the street connecting the vedic school with the temple and third - are all the 10 temples that participate in the Pooram festival.

Sacred grove Village forest Routes

To understand the growth of the city, evolution maps were made referring to 1816 British survey. The first map here shows the conjectural settlements before the survey. Where each gramam or village has its own temple, sacred groove, usable forest, and paddy fields. As the land had availability of water and resources throughout, the nature of the settlement is sparse. Later when Thrissur became the capital of the cochin kingdom the settlement around the vadakunnathan temple was fortified with rammed earth fort wall. As different communities migrated, the city grew along the main trade routes that later became the major streets promoting the development, though with time the fort wall vanished.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Thrissur also known as Thirusivaperoor (The city of sacred Siva), is centrally located in the state of Kerala in India. The natural and the cultural landscape of the city are interwoven together which is manifested in the older settlement pattern and location of several temples. Thrissur region is richest in archeological sites within the state of Kerala. The city was an important region that connected the ancient ports like Muziris for trading with the Greeks, Romans, Arabs and Chinese. The city was a well planned fortified town with main radial roads emerging from the central ancient Vadakkunathan temple built on central natural high land. Thrissur is the city of various kerala style temples that are associated with the Dravidian era, much before the existence of Hinduism. The city has a peaceful coexistence of various communities like Syrian Christians and Tamil Brahmins who migrated to Thrissur for trade, and created their own language of built fabric and a unique blend of culture. Thrissur is a city which has strong religious, architectural, cultural and social values embedded within the people and the natural landscape of the city. The city of Thrissur is distinctive for its community oriented pooram festival for which the entire city irrespective of their religion participate in the festival that links ten temples, giving an exceptional example of belonging with the city. The plan here represents the diversity of communities and culture with in the city of Thrissur.

IDENTIFICATION OF ASPECTS To Shornor Thiruvambady Srikrishna Temple Nethalakavu Bhagawathi Temple Shakthan Tampuran palace, Vadakkechira

Bhagawathi Temple Tamil

brahmin ment of handloom mills

Chembukkavu Bhagawathi Temple

Ayyanthole Bhagawathi temple

Punnakumpalli Sastha Temple

‘Brahmaswom Mathom’ oldest center for Advaitha Vedantha in Kerala established by Shankaracharya a disciples

Parammekkavu temple

Highroad area with market and trading centers for Syrian

Shakthan Tampuran

Connects with Vadakkunnathan temple through lane - ‘Pazhevnaddakavu’ - an old walk way through forest Laloor Bhagawathi Temple

trading in 19th century

Karamukku Bhagawathi Temple Kanimangalam Sastha Temple

which was the then prosperous trading center. Vanchikkulam port in Thrissur was developed in Old Routes w hich t ransformed into major streets

To Kodungalloor - oldest trading port

Oldest church inThrissur

Areas developed when Thrissur was capital of Kochi empire Dravidian temples, Vedic school Water way

The identification of sites to work upon as per the aspects

TEMPLE ECOSYSTEMS

The major festival of Pooram also known as Thrissur pooram is the strongest identity for the city. Irrespective of the religion everyone contributes to this grand celebration. Interestingly only Dravidian Sastha and Bhagawathi, which are mountain and mother earth god temples take part in Pooram. During the festival of Pooram the 10 associated temples take the procession with elephants and the deity visiting the vadakkunnathan temple.

Nethalakkavu Bhagawathi temple

Karamukku Bhagawathi temple

Paramekkavu Bhagawathi temple

SCHEMATIC SECTION (NTS) Closed space Semi open space

Shree kovil

Sub shrine

Namaskara mandapam Dhwajasthambha Nada - entrance gate

Aal - Banyan Tree Agraha mandapam

Well

Reconstructed with metal truss and G.I. sheet Reconstructed in concrete Older structure - sanctum - copper plates

Pradikshina path

Kav - Sacred Grove Kulam - Pond

SCHEMATIC PLAN (NTS)

The temples in Kerala have a strong association with the ‘kav’ – sacred groove and ‘kulam’ – pond. Traditionally every temple would have its own pond and the sacred groove with indigenous trees and shrubs naturally growing, which are undisturbed. The spatial tranistions define the experience and uniqueness of these temples, which Altered entrance and spaces inside connects architecture with the senses and also the philosophy of life.

Least intervention seen

Maximum interventions and alterations in concrete

TEMPLE ECOSYSTEMS All the temples participating in pooram were visited and analysed .this shows the collective analysis of all the ten temples with respect to their location, their setting, land use, buildings around, and the presence-absence of the parameters that define the sense of place for it. Clearly, the two main temples which are in the main core city have lost the important character defining aspects such as the pond or the sacred grooves. Even the space for elephants is questionable. The reconstructions done in concrete not only affect the authenticity of architectural style but sternly affects the temple instrument’s sound which are a major part of the intangible heritage. Traditionally every temple would have its pond and the sacred groove with indigenous trees and shrubs naturally growing, which are undisturbed. I believe this is a brilliant way to conserve nature when associated with cultural beliefs. Today with in Thrissur, if not sacred grooves the temples have associated trees – ‘aal’, along with ‘kulam’ – ponds. If the three; temple, pond and trees are identified together as ‘temple ecosystem’, the associated trees and pond will be protected. Paramekkavu Bhagavathi Temple

Thiruvamabady Krishna Temple

Ayyanthole Bhagavathi Temple

Punnakumpalli Sastha Temple

Chembukkavu Bhagavathi Temple

Karamukku Bhagavathi Temple

Laloor Bhagavathi Temple

Choorkkottukaavu Bhagavathi Temple

Nethalakkavu Bhagavathi Temple

Pooram ground Pooram ground

Pooram ground

Kanimangalam Sastha Temple

Pooram ground

Context/-

Land use

Commercial Institutional Residential

Building height the temple nada

Lesser Almost similar

Parameters and sense of place

Associated trees/kavu

Cultural importance

Associated ponds

Material authenticity

Descending order with respect to the condition and presence/ absence

PAZHEVNADAKKAVU STREET The street of Pazhevnadakkavu which connects the brahmaswom mathoms with the vadakkunthan temple. During pooram festival, the temple of Thiruvambady which is north of city, deity pays respect to the Vedic school and then marches forward for the main gathering of pooram, through this narrow street. “Pazhevnadakkavu” translates as the walkway through woods , As the name suggests the path must have been a way through the forest when the Namboothiri brahmins would visit the temple from the mathom. Brahmaswom mathom is an exemplary example of typical Kerala-style architecture designed climatically responsive. The street has an important layer of Tamil brahmins who came to Thrissur and settled near the mathoms, giving the city an entirely different typology of Agraharams. The street also has a Tamil temple of Malayali’s god – sastha, as they associate their well-being with this land. Temple Residences Institutional Commercial

LAND USE PLAN

construction

High rise G+2 G+1

BUILDING HEIGHTS

‘Aal’ sacred Banayan tree Brahmaswam Matham

Padinjare Chira

Tamil brahmin temple with the Tamil style gopuram. The 200 year old chariot for the temple festival is still used.

Traditional malayali residences in the street, which are spread out with courtyard and open spaces around.

0 5 10

Today the street has become a lane of wholesale shops with very few Agraharams conserved. In general, the Agraharams are collectively sold for a bigger plot to construct high-rise residences or commercial complexes.

Vedic school Nair houses Tamil Agraharam Street view of Pazhenadakkavu with few surviving Tamil agraharams. Some households sell traditional delicacies.

Temple PLAN

0 5 10

Brahmaswam Matham

Malayali house in paravnadakkavu

Swaraj road

‘Aal’ sacred Banayan tree Brahmaswam Matham

High rise apartments

Keeping the traditions alive

SECTIONAL STREET ELEVATION

Surviving agraharams

“Matham does not come under ATG income tax section( donation tax benefits), if it would have, it might receive donations for restorations.”

Brahmaswam Matham Oldest resident of the street - a proud Tamil brahmin

HIGH ROAD MARKET Anju Vilakku junction the first kerosene lamps installed for Thrissur city at the junction by a British officer, the junction was and still is a prominant place for political discussions.

Ari angadi lane - old rice bazaar Catholic christian families serving family delicacies like appam, achappam and curries in the lane for over 100 years now.

The only remains of the old stone paved road within the market street connecting high road with the chettiangadi

Old offices and shops

Our Lady of Dolours Basilica

Godowns

Syrian christian houses

Identified typologies with the current scenario changes. Majorly the identified issues on the building typologies were vegetation growth on the wooden rafters and truss members, random advertisements and boards damaging the typologies. Abandoned first floors resulting in the non responsive alterations and increasing vulnerabilities. Adjacent high rise abutting the identified typologies is a major threat to the structural system. Incompatible repairs and addition of floors is also a major threat.

Martha Mariam Chaldean Syrian Church - One of the oldest Syrian churches built in the Kerala style of church architecture. The church is the head quarter of the Chaldean Syrian community. The invited families settled around the church. Angadi godowns Base map Source - Google Earth

Demolished Church 0

100m

Engaging with community - tracing the lost christian mansions and scenario changes

The structure on the main swaraj road which was in headlines in 2018, as it was knocked down overnight. The colonial structure was historically an important landmark for the ‘chit’ fund offices.

Street Elevation

ANALYSIS - IDENTIFYING ISSUES Defining the purpose of existing development plan

Process of developing the development plan

The GROWTH factor for the city of Thrissur with respect to the previous development plan

Stark land zone divisions with in the core of the city doesn’t respond to the urban tissue and street characters Brahmaswam Matham within the commercial zone and street of Pazhevnadakkavu is also under commercial zone with the specified historic zone in the Development plan does not respect the street character of the place.

The aspect of historic environments is not identified, only few monuments are addressed for tourism Vanchikulam canal- development plan proposes a tourism hub with boating. The large area adjacent is proposed for IT park

Overlaying the existing land use with the development plan Re-densification of the core area Identifying the historically and culturally significant areas/streets/ structures as per the sites plan

Marking the threats and contradictions as per the sites and understanding plan

What should be changed now? and how?

Replacement of old/aged buildings

Division of the core area as per the presence of all land use

New approach with the lens of conservation with respect to the current development goals

Threat to the historic structures and urban tissue

Cultural Commercial Historic

Need to introduce ‘conservation’ and monitoring of historic structures

Need for an integrated and simplified approach

Existing DP Process Possible way forward

Mixed use

HIGH ROAD - ISSUES IDENTIFIED

PAZHEVNADAKKAVU - ISSUES IDENTIFIED

TEMPLE ECOSYSTEMS - ISSUES IDENTIFIED

1. Different zoning on either sides of the street - non responsive to the street character. 2. Demolition of old structures without inspection or monitoring. 3. Incompatible changes like false facades, advertisements, lighting, change of roof etc. 4. Structurally incompatible changes like removal of main wooden beams, usage of cement concrete for repair or part reconstruction. 5. Division of property/residences/plots 6. Reconstruction with more number of floors and different style. 7. Increasing the number of floors on existing structure. 8. The area is deserted in morning and night as the shops shut around 9 pm and open later in the day. 9. Loading and unloading for whole sale shops causes traffic congestion. 10. Part of the state highway is through High Road that increases the traffic flow which demands widening of the road too. 11. First and second floors are abandoned.

1. Different zoning dividing the street - non responsive to the street character 2. Construction of high rises 3. Selling of Agraharams, demolition and construction on combined plots - affecting the urban tissue. 4. Vehicular noise pollution, parking issues. 5. Change in usage of Agraharams into whole sale shops 6. Incompatible changes in the old houses 7. Brahmaswam Matham admist the core commercial zone of the city. 8. Brahmaswam Matham in need of conservation 9. Sense of entry to the Matham is affected by the commercial complexes and high rises. 10. Matham does not fall under the ATG section which affects the donations recieved.

1. Loss of sacred grooves over time 2. Loss of ponds - kulam 3. Reconstruction of ‘Nada’ in concrete 4. Loss of transition and open spaces in temple khetram. 5. Incompatible repairs in concrete. 6. Selling, leasing of temple khetram land. 7. Alteration in garbha griha - usage of tiles 8. Loss of green compatible space for elephants 9. Adjacent high structures

Issues directly related to the zoning in development plan Issues indirectly related to the zoning in development plan Issues related to the lack of guidelines

ANALYSIS - DEVELOPING PROPOSAL Only quarter recognised as “cultural” due to govt. institutions like Sahitya Academy, Lalit Kala Academi etc. The trade and market developed along the ‘High Road’. The Development plan has allocated different zones on either sides of the street, as the character and aspect of street and historicity is not taken into account while zoning. Swaraj round

As the narrative and aim of the development plan does not recognize heritage beyond monuments and tourism, the development of the city becomes a threat to the historic narrative. If we closely analyse the sites within the development plan, the land use area starkly divides the streets into different zones. This has resulted in demarcation of some major historic structures are located within the commercial zones. The zoning around the temples for example in the development plan threatens its sense of place. The issues for each site are classified as directly or indirectly related to development plan or due to the lack of guidelines. The existing development plan report identifies rural, semi-rural, semi-urban, urban, and urban core zone based on the activities. And has a separate map for the protected paddy field within the city under the Kerala wetland act of 2008. The broader idea for intervention is that the concept of historic zones should be integrated within the existing zones If we use the current zoning of land use it does not talk about the character, building type or streets. It only speaks about its usage and floor area ratio as seen in diagram 1. One of the solutions is to give only surface façade guidelines as shown in diagram 2. The second option is to use form-based codes which includes the details that form the character of the place such as number of floors, typologies, street width etc. I believe for the sites chosen in Thrissur, to conserve the sense of place the form-based codes would be the way forward. under the ‘Kerala wetlands act of 2008’

Historic zone* Institutional zone Historic quarters can be

Commercial zone

Residential zone Paddy

ponds, sacred grooves, that along with topography should also be included

Kanimangalam sastha temple is the temple with surviving part of the sacred grove and forest, the development plan proposes it as residencial zone

Conventional zoning - land use, floor area ratio

Zoning with surface design guidelines

Form based codes - character of the place; number of floors, building types (mixed types), street width.

PROPOSAL 1. Demarcation of the street with the identified typologies and area as the historic quarter for the city of Thrissur 2. Limited construction - the surviving Agraharam typology should be preserved as per the conservation guidelines. 3. Pedestrinisation of the street. 4. Removal of false facades and incompatible changes done to the identified typologies. 5. Including the street as a part of the historic walk connecting the two historically and culturally important sites of Brahmaswam Matham and Vadakkunnathan temple. 6. Incentives for maintanence of the existing Agraharams and other typologies. 7. Encouragement for adaptive reuse of Agraharams as home stays 8. Encouragement for the existing small scale home shops selling the traditional Tamil food items 9. No new construction to exceed the maximum height of the Agraharam typology. 10. Street design with local paving stones, street lights, seatings for pedestrians. 11. Conservation of Brahmaswam Matham

1. Limited construction - the new construction as per the guidelines should be on the existing plot sizes. 2. Reroute the highway - The main high road is currently a part of the state highway connecting Kochi which should be avoided. 3. Conservation guidelines - Existing identified typologies should be conserved. 4. Removal of false facades, advertisements hindering the characteristics of the typologies. 5. Standardised signages for shops. 6. New constructions shall follow the construction guidelines that maintain the character of the street, based on the building height, roof, massing, windows and openings, street width, lighting. 7. Promote mixed use - Traditional Cottage industries should be promoted in the area. 8. Activities promoting heritage, learning of skills from cottage industries, heritage walks including the existing traditional food shops. 9. Pedestrian only zone - Post the opening and closure of market, community oriented activities should be planned.

Demolished heritage structure reconstruction in relation with the guidelines respecting the adjacent historic structures

Vadakkunnathan Temple - Padinjare Nada Colonial office Existing high rise - permanent loss to the typologies

Reviving green courtyards

Nair house ‘Aal’ - Banayan tree of Brahmaswam Matham temple

Anjawalak junction

Swaraj Road

Conserved typologies, mixed use structures

High road

Old godowns

Aayappa Tamil temple Aayappa Tamil temple

Public space

PROPOSAL AND WAY FORWARD 1. Identifying the temple khsetram boundaries and demarkating it under the historic quarter of temple ecosystems. 2. The preservation of the existing older temple. 3. Demolision and reconstruction of ‘Nada’ should be prohibited. Conservation and monitoring of the older surviving structures shall be prioritised. 4. Height restrictions for the adjacent existing structures - further increse in height not allowed. 5. For the new construction on adjacent plot the height of the structure should not exceed 3 floors, with a set back of 3 metres. 6. Plantation of indegenous local trees and shrubs along the pond edges and in the space for elephants. 7. Removal of all steel railings and fencing around the trees. 8. Reviving the authenticity by demolishing the ‘extra construction in concrete’ and using the demolision waste for other sustainable construction practises 9. Prohibition of further construction adajacent to the temple 10. Awareness for public with respect to the ‘authenticity’ in the transition spaces and significance of temple architecture through exhibitions within the temple complex

Adjacent new structures not abutting the temple complex

Reviving/ protecting the associated sacred grove Open outer pradikshina path

Restored and maintained temple complex through the traditional craftsman

Protecting the riparian zone

Low land area like wetlands or Happier space for paddy fields ‘aana’ -elephants

Natural heritage

The aspects identified are interconnected with the sub aspect of significant streets. The street could pass through two or more wards, where the wards will have to work together in identifying and executing interventions if any.

Temple ecosystems Water systems Trade and local industries Old city identity Community’s narrative Designing for the specific scenarios which do not come under the codes

Each ward can recognize the presence of significant structures area wise

Viewing each ward with the lens of ‘gramam’ settlement and analyzing the proximities

State archeology

Main ‘aal’ banayan tree without any railings or concrete intervention around

Defining the temple khetram boundaries under historic quarters

Identification based on the aspects that define Thrissur.

Smaller narratives - community’s history

The reference can be made for the aspect related form based codes

Devaswom boards and church

Financial policies for the stakeholders

Execution of the intervention

Community groups

Each ward can then identify the areas in consultation with the community which is culturally and historically significant. Then the codes concerning the area can be referred to for possible intervention and conservation. Also, then the development will happen to respect the restricted intervention zones for importance.

2. EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE OF POL HOUSES IN AHMEDABAD A Directed Research Project

The research is focused on the identification of earthquake-resilient features of pol houses that were responsible for their survival in the devasting Bhuj earthquake of 2001, which is centered around the broad question that ‘will the heritage city of Ahmedabad survive another earthquake?’ the question of survival depends on the critical understanding of the structure and its conservation, hence the study adopts both qualitative and quantitative methodologies for the analysis. The thesis adopts the method of rapid visual survey through GNDT methodology for mean damage assessment of three typologies of pol houses. This led to the formulation of vulnerability graphs and the identification of critical parameters. A comparative analysis of pol house structure with pombalino structures of Portugal helped to draw parallels between the typologies and seismic strengthening measures. The study also connects with on-ground issues, earthquake memory, and conservation approaches by conducting resident surveys and studying previous restoration projects in Ahmedabad. The thesis concludes with the identification of critical parameters that cannot be compromised during the conservation to preserve the structural integrity and hence the authenticity of the pol houses. The study paves the way forward for the analysis of the structures at the settlement level, disaster risk reduction, and a detailed resident survey for developing the policies. https://issuu.com/saatvikapancholi/docs/saatvika_finaldrp_published

INTRODUCTION Aim, Objective, Rational The world heritage walled city of Ahmedabad is situated on the banks of river Sabarmati. The landform of the old city is almost uniformly flat, unlike the newer city which has small hillocks, known as tekaras in Gujarati. It was observed that the walled city showed extremely low damage and no complete collapse when compared to the newer R.C. structures. According to the survey conducted by the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation in 2001 roughly, only 10% of the structures in the old city showed major cracks and signs of damage post-earthquake. (Modan, 2006) .Randolph Langenbach also mentions in his report that only one traditional structure was completely collapsed in the old city. The analysis was also pointed out that as the city is located 400kms away from the epicenter the seismic waves were longer, hence the possibility of complete collapse of taller structures was larger. Still, comparatively the old city with traditional houses suffered little damage and no casualties were reported due to falling of structures. It was also observed that one of the traditional pol houses which suffered the collapse due to the falling of the newer R.C. structure adjacent to it. (Shah K. , 2020)

The occurrence of an earthquake in Ahmedabad would be 100 to 200 years, but the intensity of the earthquake will be high. This demands for the seismic-resistant designs and technical retrofit in the historic city structures.

The unique typology and the settlement pattern are the identifying feature for the old city of Ahmedabad, hence the research’s rationale for addressing the seismic resilience of pol houses is crucial for the world heritage city status. These pol houses with their unique timber and masonry construction typology were sufficient to put a historic city on the world map as a world heritage city.

Flow of the study

Architectural Conservation as an interdisciplinary field of science, restores, repairs and focuses on the maintenance of heritage structures. One of the greatest threats to these traditional structures comes from natural disasters. Developmental pressures, and lack of widespread awareness on heritage conservation in our country, already pose challenges to conserve heritage structures. In the aftermath of an earthquake, this challenge is almost doubled, as in many cases, the easiest option then becomes to knock down such heritage structures, despite the values associated with it, citing reasons of structural safety of the historic construction, or due to the nature of damages sustained. Unscientific structural interventions, carried out due to a lack of appreciation for the traditional construction materials and techniques, also can result in undesirable behavior during future events. Many studies were conducted right after the earthquake in 2001, but with time the research reduced considerably, and a certain complacency sets in, which can have implications on disaster-preNews reports addressing the disaster related issues of paredness and mitigation. the walled city of Ahmedabad

FRAME WORK FOR ANALYSIS

The research topic for earthquake resilience of pol houses was fragmented into three major topics viz. earthquakes, Ahmedabad, and pol settlements. The related studies and establishment of research questions was an iterative process. The major secondary base source for the research were the previous studies done on similar lines. Research thesis was identified and thoroughly studied to identify the gaps, its need, and its relevance. Various news reports and workshop proceedings were noted to understand the scenario of pol houses and steps taken in terms of disaster risk management. To establish link between previous studies it was important to know the current scenario which is being formulated by conducting telephonic survey and expert interviews. Framework of analysis, summarizes the research methodology, flow of work and positioning of research in the field of conservation. For the analysis to progress the identification of case studies and its rationale was an important step, based on the literature review and previous thesis four domains of case studies have been identified. The first case study that is based on the previous research focuses on the construct of pol houses, which has been detailed further in the coming sections. Interpretations established before were studied and then the framework for current analysis was established with understanding of the gaps identified in previous work. The analysis being done is qualitative as well as quantitative. The method of Rapid Visual Survey has been chosen due to the limited data available. The GNDT methodology has been identified to calculate the vulnerability index for pol house which would be used to calculate the possible damage in a pol house. The research here aims to give a new direction to understand these traditional structures. If taken further the process can be used on a larger scale by Government bodies and for conservation of pol houses. The second case study is ‘Interventions to improve the seismic performance of historic structures – earthquake resistant structures of Portuguese Pombalino buildings’, which is then structurally compared with the pol houses. The third case study is the conservation of pol house typology in Ahmedabad which focuses on the approach and on ground issues, which gives the site level idea. The three case studies are followed by the NIDM report and conducted survey analysis to understand the resident’s perspective, earthquake memory and on ground issues. These case studies are chosen to establish a holistic view and a broader picture in terms of earthquake resilience of pol houses. It has been thought that the analysis of the data from the current survey and the workshops would help to formulate the policy level interventions and will give a picture of other hazards like fire and floods which are faced by the pol houses. This framework of analysis links the research to its first research question of to “what degree the old city of Ahmedabad is prepared for a future earthquake?”

ANALYSIS OF DOCUMENTED POL HOUSES For the analysis of pol houses, Rapid visual Screening (survey) has been adopted, using the GNDT method for determining the vulnerability and possible damage. Broadly total risk can be defined as the product of vulnerability, hazard, and exposure. Where vulnerability is the measure of a building’s strength and weakness. The hazard here is the earthquake. And exposure is the measure of how long and how many buildings have experienced loss.

Timber lacing on orthogonal and cross walls

Total risk = vulnerability X hazard X exposure

Wooden beam parallel to the masonry wall Wall prone to failure but will be supported by the connections of the adjacent house.

The GNDT vulnerability assessment form for masonry buildings is composed of 11 parameters. Each parameter is differentiated into 4 classes (A, B, C, and D), having a score Cvi varying between 0 and 45. A weight (importance) pi is assigned to each parameter ranging from 0.5 to 1.5. These four groups are as follows: • Structural system • Irregularities and interaction • Horizontal structure and roofing • Conservation status and other elements

Masonry orthogonal wall without timber lacing

Courtyard structure independent of masonry walls No presence of timber beam connecting the courtyard structure.

Load bearing masonry walls with timber lacing

The three case studies from the previous thesis were identified for the analysis of vulnerability index and damage assessment. Rapid visual screening based on GNDT method has been used here for analysis, which has been explained in the previous chapters. The method has been applied both qualitatively by analyzing the drawings and construction details of the cases, as well as quantitatively by calculations. The current research is the first Case 1 - P:1 Type and Organization of resisting system-Class B attempt for analyzing the pol houses through GNDT methodology, which when applied on larger scale could determine the possible damage at the settlement level. The analysis is an attempt to give a new direction within the research domain of pol house construction. The parameters for each case are individually analyzed and then finally the cumulative GNDT table is formulated, which is followed by the estimation of vulnerability index and damage assessment

Case 2 - P:1 Type and Organization of resisting system-Class B

Case 1 - P:3 Conventional resistance-Class C Timber beam connecting orthogonal walls Wooden wedges connecting the parallel members as per the masonry wall thickness

Case 3 - P:1 Type and Organization of resisting system-Class B

Case 2- P:3 Conventional resistance-Class B Wooden logs inserted in the parallel masonry walls Masonry wall supporting the roof

Timber rafters of roof

Vertical timber post

Masonry parapet supporting the roof

Masonry wall

Case 3 - P:3 Conventional resistance-Class B

Masonry wall (back side)

Wooden lintel

Horizontal timber lacing throughout the length of the wall

Timber courtyard frame on ground floor

Timber joist supporting the vertical posts

Timber rafters

Eaves board

Timber post as vertical supports

ANALYSIS OF CASES FOR VULNERABILITY INDEX The correlation between the intensity and mean damage was established for each case, based on the EMS -9829 scale of vulnerability .This correlation is formulated by calculating the mean damage values for intensity of earthquake ranging from III to IX on MSI scale. The red vulnerability curve denotes the situation when the condition of the building is poor while blue denotes good condition.

Interventions in Heritage Buildings for Seismic Performance Improvement The Graph 1, represents the damage grade of the pol house for a given intensity of earthquake. It is evident from the graph that the poor condition of the structure significantly increases the damage. For the case 1, (house with shared wall typology), for the earthquake with intensity VII, the damage expected is in the range of slight to moderate. For the higher intensity earthquake some substantial damage is expected. The parameters 1,3,7, and 11 have significant role in ensuring the low vulnerability, thus the presence of effective connections (1), adequate shear resisting wall area and quality of material (3), regularity along the height (7), and current conditions are the critical parameters. The case is analyzed individually, however the building will behave collectively with other pol houses that are connected with the orthogonal masonry walls.

The mean damage values here are lower than the above case. From the graph (figure 104) it is observed that even at the VII-intensity earthquake the damage is slight. However, the poor conditions significantly increase the damage grade, making the structure more vulnerable. The critical parameters of effective connections, adequate shear resisting wall area and quality of material, regularity in height and current conditions determines the vulnerability index of the case. As the house is situated in corner with no support on one side, it was possible to conclude it more vulnerable, but from the analysis it is clear that the geometry and the shear wall area of the masonry makes it less vulnerable. While some confinement will be available at settlement level, earthquake effects can be transferred from neighboring building too. A last/corner building will be most vulnerable as there is no confinement on one side.

The European Mediterranean region is located at the junction of Eurasian and African plate. It is the region with prominent local seismic culture due to the occurrence of frequent earthquakes. The traditional systems of construction have inherent earthquake resilient features which have evolved with time and experience. Major reasons identified for the vulnerability of these structures are – • Substantial modifications in structures like adding of floors, changing the original structural concept specially on ground floor, major increase in the opening sizes and addition of reinforced concrete. (Paula & Cóias, 2015) • Aging and deterioration of materials. • Low quality of reconstruction After the devastating Lisbon earthquake of 1755, a seismic resilient style of architecture emerged in Portugal, which was known as Pombaline Portuguese style. The houses were designed with the concept of timber frames and masonry structure, which included the anti-seismic provisions though there is no major written evidence of the same. The major feature was the three-dimensional timber frame structure known as “gaiola”, resisting the horizontal shear force during an event of earthquake. The earthquake was followed by a major fire, hence the buildings also include anti – fire provisions, like presence of thick masonry walls between two adjacent structures. No major record of the construction system is available for the structures, but later scientific analysis has identified the seismic resilient features of this typology.

Pombalino structural system

Deformation and failure of two leaf wall

Tying of masonry leaves with steel ties

The case study included the understanding of the structural system and the study of conservation and restoration measures taken in Pombalino structures. Low resistance to out-of-plane seismic effects (overturning of facades) and fall of the roof

Concrete beam Roof covering

Masonry wall

Timber truss

L connections connecting wall and timber floor

Steel connectors

Connection between roof and masonry walls

Wooden floorboards

Masonry wall

Timber joists Wall to floor connecting devices

Strengthening of timber members, base drawing source - (Paula & Cóias, 2015)

Strengthening Provisions The haveli typology is the largest typology in terms of area, when compared to the cases 1 and 2. The structure here has inherent earthquake resistant features which is explained in the graph (figure 105), as during an earthquake of intensity VII the structure would suffer slight damages but if the structure is in poor condition there is a possibility of moderate damages or more. The critical parameters of connection with the orthogonal walls, adequate shear resisting wall area, regularity in height and current condition play a major role in determining the possible damage. The case had masonry walls till the second floor supporting the roof unlike the other two cases where the walls were of timber. The approach of constructing higher masonry walls signifies the structural understanding of the creators, as the width is larger for better support masonry was chosen over complete

STUDY OF PROJECTS IN AHMEDABAD ½” mud and cow dung plaster 10” brick bat coba 1” tar layer Wooden planks Wooden rafters

Wooden joists

Concrete poured between the blocks and 2” above Prefabricated concrete foam blocks Bison panel boards 18mm thick Wooden joists

Wooden rafters

In the restoration of Tankshal ni haveli, the front part was retained and restored the way it is. The rear part was completely a new construction in R.C. The floor height was maintained as deciphered from the remains of the previous timber floors. However, the structure was restored as two separate structures which would act as separate entities during a seismic event. The front portion flooring was stabilized by using R.C. in place of original brick bat coba. The presence of new R.C. flooring would change the floor diaphragm, and there is a possibility of wall peeling due to outward thrust, during a seismic event. In the restoration of Deewanji ni haveli the approach for critically understanding the structure is evident, as there is addition of columns, post tensioning of masonry walls and reconstruction of floors. The addition of column will redistribute the loads from upper floors and will prevent further sagging of the beam. Post tensioning in the masonry walls would cause compression and increased stiffness. The increased compression would help by increasing the shear strength of the material.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

NIDM - DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT STUDY - ShanTHINATH NI POL

Flooring detail for pombalino structures

Settlement pattern comparison between pol settlement(left) and Pombalino settlement

Timber frame structure of Pombalino residence

Typical brick bat coba detail for a pol house flooring

When the other vernacular seismic resilient typologies from Italy, Greece, Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey were studied ( literature review), structurally the pol houses are found similar to the Hatil typology found in Turkey. But when studied at the wholistic and settlement level there are parallels between the Pombalino structures and pol house settlement. Also, it is important to identify the earthquake-resistant features in a pol house while comparing it with the ‘designed’ earthquake resistant structures as no records mention that pol houses were designed as seismic resilient.

Timber frame and masonry for pombalino structures

Timber and masonry for pol house structures

Similar current issue

RESIDENT’S SURVEY ANALYSIS For the residents of Ahmedabad, the only earthquake to learn from is the Bhuj earthquake of 2001, which demonstrated the seismic resilient nature of the traditional pol houses. The earthquake before 2001 was in 1819 AD, which was 180 years before. The specific interviews with the people who have experienced the earthquake of 2001, it was evident that today still there is a generation which has the exact memory of the event. People were able to clearly describe the event and survival of the pol houses. They are aware of the inherent earthquake resistant properties in a pol settlement. From the survey it was evident that the houses which were abandoned in 2001, were the only houses that completely collapsed. There were only minor damages like cracks in wall. Residents could come out of their houses while their houses were swaying due to earthquake, unlike the R.C. Construction where people lost their lives due to sudden collapse of the entire structure. The disaster management cycle has been understood by many researchers around the world, the cycle reflects the position of measures till the next disaster (earthquake) occurs. The event of earthquake has an immediate response through safety evaluation followed by short term counter measures like erecting temporary supports for the structures, which leads to the reconstruction phase. As the time passes the damaged structures are repaired, which is termed as the mitigation process. The reconstruction phase is followed by the capacity building phase which includes strengthening of structures through vulnerability assessment, that prepares the settlement/structures for a future disaster. The time cycles of the processes and measures are dependent on the occurrence of disasters (earthquakes).

Disaster management cycle, Source - Arun Menon

Survey Analysis

CRITICAL STRUCTURAL HEALTH PARAMETERS - CONCLUSION Pol houses have inherent structural features that contribute to their good seismic performance. These inherent features are determined by the critical parameters. Post identification it is important to formulate the conservation as well as strengthening technique to be adopted by accessing the conservation principles such as authenticity Damages due to lack of Alignment, Damages due to height changes in a row, Damages in the corner house

AUTHENTICITY AND STRENGTHENING While doing structural restoration it is equally important to analyse the concept of authenticity for the particular structure. Impact assessment forms are used to roughly help the conservation architects and engineers for the same.

Functions of authenticity and strength and durability

VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AT SETTLEMENT LEVEL - CONCLUSION AND WAY FORWARD The introduced rapid visual survey using GNDT methodology for pol house typology is a construct for both at individual as well as settlement level for assessing the damage for a specified intensity, the cases here are pilot project examples for executing the vulnerability analysis. The method can be used at the pol settlements to determine and critically schedule and plan the conservation strategies for protecting the structures. The vulnerability assessment could be then corelated with the grades of the structures for executing the interventions. GNDT is one of the methods that has been adapted, more appropriate rapid visual assessment approach suitable for pol houses can be evolved with further research. The good performance of pol houses in 2001 was an experience learning of the seismic resistance characteristics. The study identifies those critical structural parameters responsible for the good performance, therefore the health of theses parameters should not be compromised during the conservation process. The comparative analysis highlighted the strengthening measures which reduces the vulnerability. The introduced methodology of vulnerability assessment for the pol houses is a way forward towards a new direction in research that can eventually determine the “preparedness” of Ahmedabad, a world heritage city, which is the driving research question of the study. The survey analysis addressed the on-ground issues and the earthquake memory in the residents of the old city. It also pointed towards the contradiction between the high value association and complete reconstruction. As the onsite visit was a limitation with the study due to the covid19 pandemic, the future researches must conduct intensive surveys to correlate the conservation methodology and concerns that the residents have, only then structured policy level decisions can be established. The topic of earthquake resilience of pol houses has been studied through qualitative, quantitative, comparative, approach, and survey-based analysis in brief. The study has the potential for onsite survey of structures, damage assessment, vulnerability mapping at settlement level, development of conservation guidelines, disaster mitigation strategies, policy level changes, structural modelling for pol houses and community awareness. The research also establishes the significance of the multidisciplinary approach for structural conservation, by bridging the gap between the numerical calculations and architectural drawings. It put forwards the importance of structural understanding for a conservation architect. So, “will the pol houses survive” is completely in our approach of understanding the vulnerability!

3. SOORAJ MASI NO UPASHRAY, ZAVERIWAD Architectural Conservation Studio

The studio was based in the Jain settlement of Zaveriwad, in the world heritage city of Ahmedabad, in the Simandhar Swami ni Khadki. The built structure for which the conservation approach is developed in an “ Upashray”, which is a religious space for jain community. Work focuses on archival research, precise documentation, effective condition mapping, condition assessment, analysis of attributes, deriving the statement of significance, developing an approach for conservation and designing , building repairs and a conservation management plan for its effective use.

UNDERSTANDING THE CONTEXT AND SITE The structures with in the khadki are constructed around late 19th century, though significant alterations can be observed mostly on first floors, which might have happened in recent past. The open space is paved with kota stones and each house has its own “chowkdi” for washing. The “chabutra” is located on the central axis of the open space. oad

ef R

Reli

Jagvallabh Parshvanath Derasar

1 Entrance for Nisha pol

Towards nisha pol Entrance for Zaweriwad

Kalupur ward

Jagvallabh Parshvanath Derasar

Abandoned residence

Jagvallabh Parshvanath Derasar Nisha Pol

Site location

Zaweriwad area

Suraj masi no upashray in Simandhar swami ni khadki is a part of dense settlement. It is surrounded by several religious structures mainly Jain derasars. Another prominent religious structure is the Vaishnav haveli temple towards south.

Simandhar Swami Khadki

Shantinath Derasar

Chabutara Grade 2B

Simandhar Swami derasar

Doshi wada ni pol 8

Jinagnya awaas 6

Shantinath derasar

5 4

Baba Parshvanath Derasar

Despite being located in a crowded and noisy context, the khadki remains peaceful due to lack of vehicular access.

Open space

Residence Grade 3

Suraj masi no upashray Residence (Jinagnya awaas)

Abandoned residence

Abandoned residence Simandhar swami ni khadki

Gosaiji ni haveli

Gosaiji maharaj ni pol

Sambhavnath Derasar

Choumukhji derasar

Residence 1930

Choumukhji ni pol

Residence Entry

Reference photograph no.

Vehicular Access Pedestrian Access

Conjestion Suraj masi no upashray(site)

Site

Structures around

Road, open spaces

Source

Roof level plan of khadki

- Author - documented on site

Other religious structures

Religious structure

Occupied public spaces

Map2, Base map Source - Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation

Entrance from the main road

Plan 1,

Grade 2 chabutara adjacent to Jagvallabh parshvanath derasar

Shantinath derasar, gateway from nisha pol to simandhar swami ni khadki

Narrow pedestrian way towards the khadki

Towards Simandhar swami ni khadki

Jain Derasar (temple)

Open space adjacent to the west of Khadki

Khadki with chabutra being the central point. View of derasar shikhar from khadki.

Unused open space around chabutra

Upashray on first floor and residences on ground floor

UNDERSTANDING THE CONTEXT AND SITE Jagvallabh Parshvanath Derasar

JAINS

Abandoned residence

Towards nisha pol

VAISHNAVS

Chabutara Grade 2B

Older open space for washroom

Abu Sarotra Kumbharia Taranga Vadnagar

Kanthkot Bhadreswar

Shantinath derasar

Jinagya Awaas 2

Than Sejakpur Miani Satrunjaya Girnar

Jinagya Awaas 3

Ahmedabad Jain Temple sites

Singh , H. (1982). Jaina Temples Of Western India

Jinagya Awaas 3

Abandoned residence

Residence Older bhojan shala connected to simandhar swami derasar

Older account room for derasar trust

The other people who visit the khadki Unused spaces/dead areas

Gosaiji ni Haveli - First ghar mandir of the bhakti movement in northern India. Followers are known as Vaishnavs. The temple has preserved the older texts, pitchvai paintings and musical instruments which are around 400 years old. New artists are called from Rajasthan to paint pitchwai Currently 15th generation lives and takes care of Gosaiji ni Haveli, following the worship of Krishna. The temple has “akhand jyot”which is lit from 300 years, people from all beliefs come and ask for“mannat”.

Residence 1930

The residents of the khadki

Plan1, Khadki measured on site

Location of Upashray on first floor

Map here discribes the observed activities and interactions with in the khadki. While the khadki serves as a daily pedistrian path for people to reach the main road, it acts as a pausing space with inviting otlas to rest in between the hectic schedule. It was also observed that for many people it serves as a spot for Jagvallabh darshan.

“Had to sell 300 year old traditional house due to lack of repair funds, currently the house is sold and known as ‘dhodiya haveli’ serving as a tourist stay”

Owner of the house which shares common wall with upashray. “The culture of Jain community is being lost due to migration and bad state of the buildings.”

Tenants for the house below upashray. ”Not so associated with the place, but are here because of the cheap rent and Jain society.”

Jains in Ahmedabad are traced back to the migration from Abu region during the mughal rule. Texts also mention about people carrying the idols of gods with them,which were safe in the pol houses of Ahmedabad. Zawerivad became the major area for these jain merchants. Zaweriwad -oldest and first jain settlement of shwetamber jainsect, followers are known as Shraviks. Currently the jain temples/derasars are maintained by individual trusts specificto derasars. The trusts are locally named as “panchs”. Smaller panch is known as chota panch. Two chota panchs form one mota panch for that particular pol.

Elements from Gosaiji ni haveli - (1) 300 year old mradang is still being played at the haveli. (2) Older texts being preserved at the haveli. (3) Oldest pichvai painting still being used as the back drop at the haveli. (4) The entrance of the haveli has frescos from 19th century.

Tenants for the house in Khadki ” feel blessed to live near derasar and also work for it ”

Active edges -People in khadki, or any pol settlement, spend their most of the at otlas. As a society one will always find women an active occupant of the khadki throughout the day.

Women gathered for ‘samyaik’ in Upashrays

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Sooraj masi no upashray located in Simandar swami ni khadki, Zaveriwad in the world heritage city of Ahmedabad is of profound philosophical, architectural, historical and cultural significance. Contextually the Upashray is of historical importance as it’s surrounded by major significant religious structures like jagvallabh derasar and Gosaiji ni Haveli,which are associated with Sheth Shantidas Zaveri and saint Goswami Maharaj respectively who were the most influential people of 16th century. Architecturally, functionally and philosophically, the structure best exemplifies a Jain upashray- a dwelling with bare minimum facilities . It has a traditional wooden column grid structure which has survived for more than 250 years now. The row of windows on it’s front facade transforms its spacial quality with effective light and ventilation, doing justice to it’s association with Jain philosophy. The view of the shikhars of Jagvallabh derasar in the North and Shantinath derasar towards west of the upashray, is a sight to behold. It’s Conducive Environment for medita- unique setting with in the community forms an approachable space for interactions and community gatherings. It is one of the few upashrays tion and preaching which are completely associated with women from its name till it’s management. As the upashray is located in a khadki which has no vehicular access hence no noise pollution, it becomes an ideal place justified for performing religious activities and meditation. VALUES - ARCHITECTURAL PHILOSOPHICAL CULTURAL SOCIAL HISTORICAL

People’s associated beliefs with the place has deep roots

Oldest settlements forming the fabric of Pol settlement

Heritage walk route - touristic

The khadki has a unique typology of houses here which differs from the typical pol house style. The upashray serves as community space in terms of its form and location within the dense settlement. The articulation present with in the khadki and upashray is not elaborate as typical jain houses, its less ornamented yet conveys the folds of history associated with it.

Has historical roots with associated beliefs

Community used eat together here

Associated beliefs within the community

Shraviks and sadhvis living together in a khadki

Established cultural entity of Ahmedabad old city

The contextual section with Suraj masi no upashray signifies the importance of collective identity. It depicts the ‘intangible’ association with the spaces. Individually the upashray has its architectural values associated, but the immediate context and its setting with layers of history elevates its significance.

STRUCTURE AND ARTICULATION

CONDITION MAPPING AND ASSESSMENT KEY PLAN

ADJACE

HOUSE

Abandoned House

Termite infestation observed - decay of wood

Terrace Floor

Continuous Floor crack

Peepal tree of 1.8m diameter (apx) abutting the structure.

LEGEND

Upashray Room 2 Lvl +3.580m

Balcony Lvl +3.600m

D1 W1

Lvl +0.805m NOTES :

First Floor

1. THE DRAW

ON THE BA

BUILDINGS W4

INVESTIGA

2. THIS DRA PROPERTY IS NOT TO

Unsupported end

HANDED O

USED FOR THAT

PREPARED

Upashray Room 1 Lvl +3.670m

A' Twisting of column

(refer condition

SOORAJ

DOSHIVADA N

assessment)

COND W4

54.04

Up Lvl +2.460m

Ground Floor

DATE OF DR 21-2-2020 W2

DATE OF DOCUMEN 10-2-2020 SKETCH BY :

MEASURED B

Toilet

DRAWN BY:

Continuous crack along the flooring below windows

Common wall with adjacent structure

Upashray - Floor Plan Columns on the ground floor align with the columns on first floor forming a frame structure

Rust stains on Kota flooring from ceiling

6. 7.

MASTERS IN CO & REGENERATI 2019

5. Uprooting of flooring

FACULTY OF AR CEPT UNIVERSIT

Development of continous floor crack might also be linked due to differential settlement at foundation level

Schematic diagram representing the structural understanding of upashray

Roots of peepal tree

Unsupported Outof plumb - tilting of the end wall due to problems upashray at foundation level

Pressure exerted by tree roots on the foundation - cracking at foundation level.

Disturbed column grid at the unsupported end of the structure also the direction of the location of peepal tree.

Settlement is caused dueto abnornal shrinkage leading to deformation of the structure above Deflection/Settlement

Deformation in compund wall due to abnormal movement of roots and pressure exertion Plumbness Roots of peepal tree absorb moisture and cause the clay to shrink

Floor plan - Conjectural foundation with refernce to documented first floor plan

Physical Model

Floor plan - Conjectural foundation with reference to documented first floor plan.

Section A-A’ - Assessment of masonry deformation.

CONDITION MAPPING AND ASSESSMENT

2. Corrosion of G.I. sheet, presence of holes

1. Severe corrosion of M.S. hollow sections

PVC drain pipes with rust stains

3. Corrosion of metal mesh shutter of windows

4. Fibre sheet shade Screwed on fascia board

Marble cladding plaque

Shifting of wooden beams

Separation wooden beam joint - decay of wood

Severe cracks on the un supported wall, 6. deformation of window lintels

3. Rust stains on the common wall, Dumping of discarded wooden members

Dumped construction 2. waste on the skylight

Corroded T sections

(refer

reflected ceiling plan condition mapping)

Rust stains of the nails, shifting of the column cornice

Insertion of wooden piece in the separation gap, crushing of edges of beam

Lvl+ 9.507

Lvl+ 6.530 Terrace floor level

Marble cladding plaque cracking le

Black color stains and biological infestations

ssib

Upashray Room1

Lvl+ 3.670 Fisrt floor level

Toilet of the adjacent house - constructed later Metal door addition for security Partially corroded

Windows with fixed iron bars

14. Severe corrosion P.O.P. Texture on of bars, blocking wall - chipping off of window with 13. cement. Externally fixed plastic taps

All columns are oil painted 12. Stone column base - oil painted

Seating in brick and cement with stone top

10. 2cm wide crack Original (older) door frame remains Water stains on 11. plinth near chokdi

Severe corrosion Several minor cracks on oil on metal door 8. painted wooden door shutter 9.

Jinagya awaas

0.315 LLvl+ l 0 l+ 31 3 315 15 Plinth level Lvl+_ 0.00 Ground level

Crack in floor Termite infestation in column

(refer

picture no. 1. floor plan condition mapping sheet 2)

Termite on the wooden joists observed through endoscopecamera

15.

Upashray - Elevation

Termite infestation in the old photo frames hung on the walls 6.

Severe cracks on the compound wall shared with shantinath derasar. (refer Picture no.

0 0.1 0.2

0.5

Scale

2, Floor plan condition mapping sheet 2 )

Upashray - Section A-A’ No protective coat on G.I.sheet and pipes led to corrosion and intern holes causing rain water to enter

Broken gutter and corroded G.I. sheet leading to water seepage

Improper design of the junctions and gutter leading to irregular water flow along the wall causing dampness on masonry.

Tilting of staircase wall and upashray wall in opposite directions

Accumulation of leaves

Water stains indicating failure of water proofing above.

Diagonal cracks extending from the building corner of the building to the window opening Cracking

W2 window - elevation - external facade

No ventilation - increased dampness, due to blocking of older ventilation system

Termites infestation from ground floor - forming soil mounds

Rotational movement of column at Section A-A’ - Assessment of masonry deformation and wooden joists Section B-B’ Assessment of termite infestation Expansion of T-section due to corro- the junction of walls tilting in opsion is one of the reasons for cracking posite directions. Separation cracks Section A-A’ - Assessment of masonry deformation Section B-B’ Assessment of termite infestation. in the cement used as an adhesive to are observed due to the masonry and wooden joists. deformation. the T section and wooden beam. Termite infestation from ground level

W2 window - section A-A’ - Internal Horizontal and vertical movement of lintels, indicating masonry deformation

Condition of lintels(shelf angles)

UPASHRAY - A PLACE FOR EVERYONE - FOR COMMUNITY BY COMMUNITY How the values corresponds the thoughts for intervention?

KHADKI - Active, Interactive open space Women kiosk space to sell home made products

Has the potential of being an active open space for conducting awareness programs, community functions, medical camps

Peepal tree grafted in open space

Opening of “chinni” ventilator

The design intervention process began with the removal of major cause damaging the building that is the peepal tree. The new addition/intervention is firstly based on the structural study of the building, with column grid system and load bearing masonry. The roof structure is thought to be of its own time, light weight, compatible with older materials, aesthetically pleasing, with solar panels installed on the western side - rear side of the structure.

Multipurpose space

Development of concept with “sustainabilty” as the base concept. All the interventions at the building level, khadki level and community level corresponds to it. The conservation proposal has potential to become a model intervention for other khadkis with in the pol settlement.

The diagram here represents the initial development of concept for intervention. It explains the inter linking of the identified values through statement of significance. The interventions are based on these values resulting in the emergence new values associated.

Community kitchen

Initial conceptualization of intervention addressing the immediate context of upashray - khadki. The upashray forms 50% of the khadki

BUILDING REPAIRS S.No.

Location

Photograph

Condition assessment

Measures

Timber members 1

Removal Cause of the damage with reference to condition assesment

Reconstruction Severely damaged wall with reference to the documentation drawings

Repair

Addition

Connection

Identified in condition mapping

To enhance the spacial quality with refernce to on site experience

With in and outside the khadki with reference to attributes

The concept finds it’s base with the BURRA charter for looking after a place so as to retain its cultural significance. Being located in a culturaly rich surroundings with in UNESCO World heritage city of Ahmedabad the intervention focuses on 1. Conservation - not to change its use but to conserve for the community and maintained by the community so that they connect with the process.

W2 : Two windows north

Most damaged windows Difficult to reuse as the shutters and frame have inclined

S.No.

Location

Column shaft – ground floor

Re making of the two windows with same dimensions and joinery details.

Photograph

Condition assessment

Measures

In good condition with oil paint

Termite treatment and removal of paint. Polishing using oil with traditional techniques

Major cracks on the northern wall – structural deformation

Monitoring of cracks using tell tales.

Rest of the W2 windows to reused (refer termite protection) post reconstruction of the front (east) wall.

Masonry -

W4 : Three windows

Main entrance door

Pivoted shutters are in good condition Termite infestation seen

Door is made using random pieces from other door or windows. Shutters don’t function properly.

Frames to be reconstructed. Shutters to be reused. Frames here are the part of the structural system which will be reconstructed during masonry work.

Walls

Minor cracks present due to cement plaster.

Northern wall

Major cracks and inclination

Reconstruction of northern wall with partial reconstruction of eastern wall, the construction will be based on traditional construction system using wooden bracings, bricks, lime plaster but lime cement mortar.

To be reconstructed with the shutter design from the original older shutters. (refer final design drawing)

Stone flooring -

2. Safety - doing the required measures for the building repair to increase its life , also the community feels safe to use it. 4

Staircase

External beam

Termite infestation Loosening of joints

Decayed Sagged Deteriorated

Part re construction Fixing and joinery to be retained. Replacing the termite affected planks. Removal of oil paint and polishing with oil using traditional techniques.

Kota stone flooring in Upashray

Continuous crack observed due to deferential settlement.

As the main cause is being removed, basic repair is proposed. Removal of flooring stone and replacing with new at the crack regions.

Column base – stone

Good condition Oil pained

Removal of oil paint and cleaning.

Corroded bars Shutters are in good condition but oil painted

Reconstruction Removal of the concrete / brick alterations and severely corroded bars, replacing with new bars coated wit protective coat. Removal of oil paint and polishing with oil using traditional techniques.

Corroded and twisted metal railing

Reinsertion of parts broken and twisted Repainting after cleaning

Replacement corresponding to the roof structure (refer final design drawing)

Metal grills and railings 12

Column – first floor

Twisted and deteriorated

In good condition With localized termite Infestation

Existing section - only ground floor is being used and occupied

Ground floor windows

Reconstruction along with the wall (refer masonry section) Termite treatment and o paint removal pf Polishing using oil with traditional techniques

NOTE : in the proposal the repairing techniques are not

detailed out. The table aims to give a basic idea only.

PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS AT KHADKI LEVEL Abandoned House

Shantinath Derasar

Revived "chinni"

4. 3.

Shutter debris wall

Up Older bhojanshala currently part of derasar

Existing manhole (drainage line)

Women kiosk

Residence

Jingyana awaas

Residence

Filtration unit

Proposed community kitchen space

Way to Upashray Redesigning of edge -step and chowkdi

Location of rainwater tank

Open space Existing manhole (drainage line)

Chabutra

Residence entrance Khadki entrance

Residence

Plan

0.5

0.2 0.1

Section E-E’

Scale

Proposed interventions at Khadki level 8.

1) Community kitchen - effective use of an abandoned space 2) Organising the edge - the otla and chowkdi being the most important parts of traditional houses in Ahmedabad 3) Reviving the old ventilation system - will set an example for other blocked traditional ventilation systems 4) Women kiosk - effective use of adandoned space constructed from the debris of Upashray wall and slab. A space for self sustainability. 5) Seating spaces from waste 6) Rainwater harvesting system - recharging of ground water 7) Solar panels on Upashray roof 8) Removal and grafting of tree in open space

Section D-D’

PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS AT BUILDING LEVEL 2

Abandoned House C'

Abandoned House

Shantinath Derasar

Toilet

Plumbing pipe tentative location

Shantinath Derasar

Revived "chinni"

Lvl +3.700m

Toilet W1

Balcony Lvl +3.600m

D1 W3

Women kiosk roof

Revived "chinni"

Flat roof above toilet to accommodate water tank

Operable louvers W3

Lvl +0.805m

Lvl +4.470m

Horizontal ties

Tie member

Upashray Room 1 Lvl +3.670m

are a

Wooden floor joist

Tie member

Space for reading and keeping Jain litrature

Lvl +6.530m

Truss

ess

ible

Double height space

Ina cc

6 W4

Multi use alley

Up Lvl +2.460m

Reconstructed wall post foundation inspection and removal of peepal tree

Operable louvers

Fixed louvers

Rainwater harvesting pipe - towards underground harvesting tank in khadki

Weather shed

0 0.1 0.2

Scale

Upashray - Floor Plan

Wooden principal truss member

0.5

Upashray - Floor Plan

Cross tie member between two trusses

Lvl+ 10.22 Roof Ridge level

4 Reconstructed wall post foundation inspection and removal of peepal tree

Common wall

Windows As per W4

Lvl+ 6.530

sib

s ce

Second floor level

Fixing of floor joist in wall

are

Reinforced fibre concrete sheet (roofing)

Repaired flooring

Lvl+ 3.940 Kiosk roof level

Lvl+ 3.670 Fisrt floor level

Reused T beams as structural members from Upashray

Structure functions as shelf

Shutter debris wall using demolished masonry

Paved using stones from upashray

In built seating from masonry waste

Upashray - Section A-A’

0 0.1 0.2

0.5

Scale

Lvl+ 0.315 Plinth level Lvl+_ 0.00 Ground level

Location of Major interventions at building level 1. Addition of toilets 2. Reconstruction of balcony after reviving “chinni” 3.Kiosk adjacent to structure. 4. Reconstruction of north wall and corner. 5.New floor with wooden joists 6. Addition to roof truss on first floor with rainwater harevesting pipe 7. Operable and fixed wooden louvers on first floor. 8. Removal of exisiting chajjas 9.Cloth hangers fixed to wooden joists 10.Stone platform/seating. 11. New and uniform wooden doors and windows on ground floor 12. Solar panels

0.5

Scale

PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS AT BUILDING LEVEL 6 Wooden truss

Lvl+ 9.920

Solar panels

Roof Ridge level Reinforced fibre concrete sheet (roofing )

MS rainwater drain

Reinforced fibre concrete sheet (roofing) MS rainwater drain

Tension member

A Gutter junction detail Wooden Louvers

Wooden floor joist

Pargola (MS Square members)

Minimalist railing MS member and wooden handrail

Lvl+ 6.080 Second floor level Falna

Spanning member

Original

Pre stressed tie member

Bracket(madal)

wooden beams

Floor joist detail

Mosquito

Rainwater harvesting pipe - towards underground harvesting tank in khadki

net panel W2 Repaired flooring

Upashray room 1

Balcony

Lvl+ 3.670 Fisrt floor level

Fasia board Revived "chinni"

Wooden joist Bird's head

MS Hangers for clothes

(Bharotiyu)

Women kiosk

Stone seater/ platform

Shutter debri wall

Shaft (stambh)

Base (kumbhi)

Lvl+ 0.315 Plinth level Lvl+_ 0.00 Ground level 0

Upashray - Section B-B’

Flashing

0.1 0.2

0.5

Scale

Upashray - Elevation

Wooden truss Main purlin

drain )

Covering

(Response to acute angle)

Wooden member

(Response to Earthquake) 60

Wooden beam/frame

T section fixed perpendicular

Operable wooden louvers

Eves

MS Rotational fixture for truss

(Sloping towards north)

Fibre concrete weather shed

0 0.1 0.2

(Effective light and ventilation)

Covering (optional) Stone shelf

Diagonal MS support

Wooden floor joist Wall plate Reconstructed wall

(Bricks, lime cement mortar

Hollow cement blocks

and timber lacing )

(light weight, cheap)

MS Shoe

L angle

Stone fixed Shutter debris wall

Extended wooden floor joist Pre stressed tie

Gap for expansion

(strengthening of original wooden beam)

0.5

Scale

Windows As per W4

(Preventing water penetration and effective

MS rainwater drain

Kiosk structural detail (section A-A’)

(two material intersection)

Detail D (Section A-A’)

Original wooden beam

Original carved wooden detail kept undisturbed

Window 0

0.1 0.2

0.5

EXECUTION AND VISUALIZATION OF SPACES

Excavating the soil to inspect the foundation and injecting herbicites to control the growth of the peepal tree. All the structures in near vicinity should be well supported with jacks or shoring.

Strengthening and reconstruction of foundation depending on the condition of it. Removal of peepal tree for grafting later.

The removal has a large possibility of shaking and collapse of the structure hence supports should be increased. It has been proposed that the removed tree will be grafted in the adjacent open space.

Removal of the north wall and shed on the terrace floor. Foundation work completion. Removal of T sections - flooring system. All the masonry waste, T sections and stones to be stored safe (will be reused for construction of kiosk). Refilling of the soil and leveling.

Assembling the truss system and reconstruction of north wall. Simultaneous repair work to be executed for the rest of the building.

Laying of roof, fixing of solar panels and rain water harvesting system. Construction of kiosk and seatings by reusing the demolition waste. Painting and finishing work.

“An open library and reading space with in the Khadki which has no disturbance of vehicular traffic”

“Samayik in safe ,well ventilated and lit Suraj masi no upashray ”

“Jay jinendra to Shanti nath derasar from balcony with revived chinni”

“ Day when menal ben has set up her shop of homemade edibles in Khadki “

DEVELOPING A VIRTUOUS CYCLE THROUGH CONSERVATION

t ira sp

In n io w

o mp

are

e erm

“An awareness event organised by Suraj masi no upashray ”

The sketch here connects the conceptual idea of self sustainable model and the area post intervention. The idea is how a small conservation project can become an example for other built structures. The community participation and effective management plan could inspire further development. The intervention opens up the opportunities by empowerment and hence there is an overall growth at the community level. ith older materials, aesthetically pleasing, with solar panels installed on the western side - rear side of the structure.

4. AMRITVARSHINI VAV, AHMEDABAD

Understanding Structure and attributes - Foundation Studio

‘Water’, source of life, has been the anchor of various settlements across the world. As humans recognised the need and value of water there were various measures to preserve it, which linked to the architectural, social and cultural aspects of the region. ‘Vav’ is one of the most important and unique stepwell found in the state of Gujarat. The studio focused on the documenting, of Amritvarshini vav, in the old city of Ahmedabad and establishing its statement of significance with the understanding of its historical and cultural aspects.

DOCUMENTATION

Section of Amritvarshini vav

Arch detail

Motifs details

HISTORICAL CONTEXT Dargah

Shiv temple

Amritvarshini Vav

Khadia office

Shops Fort wall

Panch kuva Darwaza

Gujarat subah was ruled by the Mughals and Marathas during 1700 - 1758, after which Marathas established their rule. “Subah” is the term used for province. The map indicates the area of Gujarat Subah.

Amritvarshini vav is located in Khadia area of Ahmedabad near Panch Kuva darwaza that is betweenKalupur darwaza to the North and Sarangpur darwaza to the south. The immediate context of the vav has other prominent structures of different times for example Panch kuva darwaza, fort wall, dargah, khadia office and Shiv(Nageshwar Mahadev) temple. This is the only vav present inside the fortified city.

Hayder Quli Khan*

Raghunathdas

“Naib ae Subah” Viceroy Of Gujarat Head Of the Province

“Diwan ae Naib” Administrative head -land revenue, tax etc.

Gazetteer of Bombay Presidency Vol8, Kathiyavar 1884 The East India company, 1600-1858, edited by Patrick Tuck

Disorder period - After the death of Aurangzeb in 1707 and then death of emperor Bahadur Shah the Mughal rule declined. Communal riots happened in Ahmedabad during this time.

The extract from 17th century cloth map indicates the presence of 5 wells and a vav between Sarangpur andKalupur Darwaza. It also indicates math which conveys the presence of a shrine near by. There are two inscriptions inside the vav, one in sanskrit and the other is persian. The inscription in sanskrit gives details of construction as Date - Vikram Samwat 1779 -1723 A.D. written in the month of “magh” on the day of “krishnapaksha - 5th thithi -thrusday swatinakshatra - dhruvyog - tetalkarni” Constructed by - Raghunath Das (grand son of Shastra Gokul and son of Bhagwan Das. He had the title of Mahraj Dinraj Shatriya Kultilak Sculptors - Kashidas and Ramdas Inscription by - Audhichya Brahmin Mukul (son of Mahashiv)

Raghunath Das constructed vav at the panch kuva locality between the city gates for charitable purpose to supply sweet drinking water to people.

Translation from report by State Archeology department Of Gujarat, Gandhinagar Fact source - Mirat e Ahmadi - English translation by M.F.Lokhandwala, MS University of Baroda.

CULTURAL CONTEXT

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

Cultural context refers to the symbolic meaning, artistic dimension and cultural values that originate from or express cultural identities.

“I have lived all my life with water and mud, one day a kind person will come and rest here.” “Om shri Narmadaye namah shree Maha ganpatye namah.. Vishnu and shiv will be satisfied here”

In Hindu mythology all stepped ponds and stepwells are tirthas, which is a threshold between the Earth and heaven. Term tirtha also means watering hole and a spot or expanse of water that gives merit to anyone who bathes in it. Bathing to wash away sins is older than Hindusim.

Amritvarshini vav is one of the rarest step wells (for public), which was constructed during the conflicted/disordered period in history of Ahmedabad during 18th century, when the patrons of stepwell builing was on decline. This step well was a kind and charitable gesture by Raghunathdas in chaos. Step well also holds the significance of being located in Panch kuva locality where once 5 wells existed ( source of sweet water) The function of the only water source links with the name of the locality. A close association of step wells with mythology, a temple and dargah in immediate vicinity makes the step well culturally significant also.

Served as a community space in the harsh climate of western India. Also hosted the travelers and traders.

The interrelationship between the life source - water, women, fertility and the architecture of ponds and wells serving as cultural and social spaces. Broadly the associated values for Amritvarshini vav are Environmental, historical, cultural, social, spiritual and architectural.

“O Holy mother Ganges, O Yamuna,O Godavari, Saraswati,O Narmada, Sindhu, Kaveri,May you all be pleased to be manifest in these waters with which I shall purify myself.” Wells used to offer women a social connectedness not readily available in their homes. Stepwells used to offer conversation in return of hard work of gathering water. The wells allowed the principal social freedom they know.

Stepwells were a major form of “public gift” especially among wealthy female donors.

According to a popular belief in Gujarat mother goddess called Varudi or Varuchi Maa is believed to reside in stepwell. She is supposed to be Goddess of fertility. Young couples immediately after marriage go to visit a step well to do homage to water deity so that they might receive a boon of fertility. The connection of mother goddess with water could be traced back to some passages of Rigveda.

In vedic times rivers were compared to cows, the symbol of wealth,fertility and prosperity. It is also found in a popularbelief that wells, when worshiped by women who have lessmilk, will bestow plenty of milk again on them.

Once in every three Hindu years during the Adhik or Purshotaam mas, Hindu women on some holy days, walk barefoot round the bathing and worshiping at seventeen places. Starting from Dada Harir Ni vav, going from north west, south and east, and returning to city from the same gate.

CONTEXTUAL STUDY

Fire station

Panch kuva darwaza Police station Amritvarshini vav Chana sing market

1723 - 18th Century Hypothesis

The Panch Kuva locality as it was known, might be majorly residential as the important bazaars were near Kalupur and Sarangpur Chakla. It was located where the city limit ends, hence the area around might be open with trees. The temple must have been existing due to its association with the step well. Presence of dargah is confirmed from the older maps.

Post 1920 - 20th Century Commercial

Residential

Public structures

City Limits

Water structure

Significant changes in context are a result of political scenario and hence developmental executions. To decode them study of older maps is very important. Apart of it, co-relation of the existing structures or traces of the old structures and elements establishes the link to the hypothesis. One of the most significant structure near the vav is the Fort wall of Ahmedabad. The fort wall had several gates for entering the city, which were closed post sunset. Amritvarshni vav finds its mention in Mirat i Ahmadi for being located between Kalupur and Sarangpur darwaza.

2019 - 21st Century

“ There were ‘huads’(water tanks)across the fort“People from far come to wall for animals to drink visit this dargah. Water here water. This area was ‘lakdi is pure. I have never been inka peetha’(wood market). side the vav.” Been to Vav in childhood.”

“This place was very different before tarpolin market, All the buildings had slopingroofs with tiles. Been to vav in childhood.”

Extract from map of Ahmedabad - 1860, Municipal corporation - shows the panch kuva darwaza and the expansion of city towards the railway station.

The major change in the context occurred by the laying of railway lines and construction of kalupur railway station. Because the station was near Kalupur, there had to be a shortest route connecting the station and Bhadra citadel. This lead to the construction of Panchkuva gate.For security purposes police and fire stations were constructed nearby.

“Dargah was a ground floor structure 50 years back. It is Panch kuva vav.”

“Temple fought against the construction of road over the vav. Fire brigades used the water from the well.”

“Comparatively it was open. Have been to Vav when I was a child. There is some god inside. It is Panch kuva vav.”

Community dinner in vav in the month of shravan.

Ritual of silver coating on shiva linga being performed in temple and the direction of deity corresponds to the vav

Remains of the old pumps in fire station indicating Women worship and drink water from dargah with a the possibility of wells belief to get children

Old kabutar khana - lost culture, the holes present used to invite birds.

Daily wages women transporting clothes in sindhi market.

INSURGENT PUBLIC SPACES Observing and interpreting insurgency through mapping

Case of GULBAI TEKRA

In India one would find women in public space but not really own it. Gulbai Tekra or more popularly known as Hollywood basti, in Ahmedabad, clearly defies this saying . This street catches every visitor’s attention. One would find confident women in traditional colorful attire strolling or selling on the road. Here the road and the divider are not what we as architects or planners perceive. Road is the extended area of the house where daily chores like washing of utensils are performed. The open space for running and the adventure of climbing and jumping from the divider, makes road the playground for kids who are brought up in this setting. It serves as a meeting place for all the social gatherings and rituals. It also gives economy to the inhabitants, who have small temporary shops. Though we find this area as a fascinating case for a unique public setting, but the underlying reason is the narrow,dingy, congested lanes of the basti and lack of open spaces in the houses, which has led to this insurgency. In spite being an example of insurgent public space, Hollywood basti sets an example of community living together and adapting with the existing setting. This close observation and study consists of 8 frames of women on the street of Gulbai Tekra.

Case of LAW GARDEN No shopping mall can replace the charm of road side shopping experience! More than a public garden, Law garden in Ahmedabad is known for its traditional street shopping. The shops which were once illegal(insurgent), now represent the cultural heritage of Gujarat, attracting many tourists every year, which has led to the establishment of tourism desk by the local government authority. Women are a major part of the market. They are the sellers, owners, decision makers and buyers. Though no designer has designed the display, no MBA executive has planned the marketing strategies,no business experts have given suggestions to increase sales, law garden is one of the best examples to study and observe market as well as to understand how it branches out as an effective public space. If one observes closely it is more than just being a place to shop, it is a place to celebrate, a place to hangout, a place to enjoy local food, and a place which provides bread and butter to many. The studyhere caters 8 frames which focuses on women in different situations during morning and evening for example as a salesperson, working women having breakfast etc.

MOVEMENT

Portable shop owners Waiting, hoping...or?

Who says women can’t sell?

CARTOGRAPHY

Clash Conversation Thought process Noise

Women Men Calling for customer Smell

Fight for space!

Opinion is important

Food stall Four Wheeler Auto Rickshaw Two Wheeler

Clash Conversation Thought process Noise

Women Men Calling for customer Smell

Food stall Four Wheeler Auto Rickshaw Two Wheeler

Clash Conversation Thought process Noise

Women Men Calling for customer Smell

Food stall Four Wheeler Auto Rickshaw Two Wheeler

Clash Conversation Thought process Noise

Women Men Calling for customer Smell

Food stall Four Wheeler Auto Rickshaw Two Wheeler

Clash Conversation Thought process Noise

Women Men Calling for customer Smell

Working women breakfast spot

I am the director here, arrange it

Start of a busy day

Early morning birthday celebrations

Food stall Four Wheeler Auto Rickshaw Two Wheeler

Clash Conversation Thought process Noise

Women Men Calling for customer Smell

Food stall Four Wheeler Auto Rickshaw Two Wheeler

Clash Conversation Thought process Noise

Women Men Calling for customer Smell

Food stall Four Wheeler Auto Rickshaw Two Wheeler

BODY

OBJECT

6.WALLMAKERS, KERALA

Tara Pillai Residence and Pavillion at Kochi Biennale Designed for a low lying land on Trivandrum, Kerala, the house respects the site topography and allows the natural landscape to flourish, preserving the ecosystems and natural flow of water. The structure is a frame structure raised above the ground with a natural pond formed due to topography. The construction material is the C.S.E.B. blocks with mud and cement mortar which were made on site. The slab has been made using ferro cement shells. The parametric facade has been designed using the local seasoned bamboos grouted with cement and reinforcement with the fixtures designed from the salvaged metal parts. The grill has been designed using the waste from the washing machine fans! The interior of the residence was made utilizing the salvaged wood and scrape metals.

The Pavilion was designed in collaboration with the Stapathi firm, the walls of the pavilion were made using the technique of shutter debris wall which involves the use of construction waste such as broken bricks and concrete pieces from demolished structures.

7. CHIRPING BIRDS DESIGN STUDIO Interiors and architecture projects

Designed for a Ankalav, a small town near the city of Vadodara, Gujarat. The low cost farm house sits in a triangular plot surrounded by farm lands. The project was started with creating a experimentation compound wall using the local bricks along the longest edge of the plot facing the main road amidst the existing mango trees. The residence is a ground floor structure around a courtyard for effective light and ventilation.

‘Blast of Flavors’ mural was a part of the interior project of restaurant in Indore. The mural was designed using the discarded old copper and brass utensils bought from the seconds local market. The abstract sequence of mural defines the cooking process through the placement of utensils. The mural was designed along the staircase leading to the mezzanine seating area.

Facade of the restaurant with old door and hand painted glass to cut the harsh sunlight.

Staircase leading to the mezzanine seating

Customized furniture and cane lamps designed

The exposed brick compound wall facing the main road.

A customized wall mural for a residence in Trivandrum, Kerala. Mural is designed for the wall facing the open to sky court that also connects the living area with the dining. The mural depicts merging of two cultures and also symbolizes flow of events. The mural was designed using salvaged terracotta lids, waste coconut shells, bamboo pieces and choir ropes. The art piece is removable and is divided in four parts hung on the wall.

8. DYNAMIC ASSEST - HERITAGE OF INDORE Bachelor’s Thesis

Standing nonchalantly for over a century like a wizened old man, Gandhi hall has seen travails of Indore like no one else. A hundred years is a long time in the life of a building but its only a beginning of exuberant youthfulness for a city. Thus, with characteristic restraint, mindful of old age, Gandhi hall looks with some eyes at the dazzling and reckless pace the city is expanding with. Undoubtedly, whatever one may like to call it, ‘ change’ or development or progress, the wheel of time cannot be rotated backwards but it surely merits the ambitious youth to have moments of self-reflection with the experiences of the old. Hence I lamented the lack of a place of utmost peace and calmness in the heart of the city.

INTRODUCTION

Cities have evolved over centuries as an attractive mix of the old and the new with generation leaving its mark. So the thought of celebrating this change with time and paying heed to the historical structures which are precious cultural assets led the thought for thesis topic DYNAMIC ASSET –Heritage of Indore.

Word “Dynamic asset” denotes the changing context around the assets of the city which are the major or possessing historic and architectural importance. By altering the context we can encourage and engage people to these assets.

SITE ANALYSIS

Open land shaded with trees 2 public gardens

Lacks scenic view

Creating spaces using trees

How the new structure should come up in the vicinity of historic structure ?

Located near railway station & main road

Badly maintained site public toilet abutting the hall

Development through city heritage center

Dumped waste on site

Merging between old & new development

High noise level

Creating public space

Air & noise pollution

Site Analysis in terms of wind, noise, existing scenario

APPROACH AND CONCEPT

Extending the lines of the heritage structure for the new design proportions

The concept emerged from the site condition and is designed within its constraints and strengths. Careful discretion was made in regards to existing trees and how would the public place gel with the old and new structure. Existing pedestrian movement was taken consideration of. Link diagram was developed as to how the word Dynamic asset relates to the design and program interventions. It includes how words are translated as architectural elements interwoven together in built form. Green areas and natural water flow in site

Axis of the buildings and movement axis interaction

Initial conceptual sketches

Interaction of public spaces

Colonnade of the building forming the skin around connecting the public spaces

Contextual model - the location of site is in between the old and new city

Open public spaces -Paved

Public library building in Gandhi hall site

DESIGN INTERVENTION

The library and the museum forms a different public gathering space,which is sunken about a meter with anjan tree as the vertex, the generated space will be used for functions like book launches or just as a spill over space after coming out from the cafeteria.

Pedestrian path will then reach to the first transition space and to the pause point leading to the view towards the beautiful old ‘anjan’ tree asserting its presence Welcomed by the set of fountains with hall’s side elevation being reflected in the L shaped reflection pool where people can sit and enjoy the holistic view of the surroundings.

Existing Rustishiled plantation

Introduced the street eatery for public till the edge of the library which would be used as sit out. This will become an important hangout place representing Indore’s love for food.

Vehicular access and parking The garden is enhanced by planting new trees in front, reducing the gap so people pass through the porch and even touch to feel the building.

Shifted the parking and made the main entrance completely pedestrian, so that vehicular crowd doesn’t hinder the beauty of the site and people’s movement

Sitting under shade along the pedestrian path

Rainwater harvesting channels through garden,sittings adjacent path

By taking the main bilateral axis of the Gandhi hall the path has beendesigned leading to people friendly fountain enhancing the grandeur of the colonial structure.

Section A-A’

Detailed physical model

Section B-B’

Section H-H’

Section F-F’

Section E-E’

Detailed physical model and 3d view

Section G-G’

Section C-C’

Section B-B’

ILLUSTRATIONS Graphics, Sketches, Doodles

An innovative packaging for the same was also designed that included a hamper package which when opened transforms into a paper lamp! The graphics were modified for the design of gift wrappers, letter heads, envelopes and visiting cards.

Mishthika Ghar ki Mithai

The logo design, branding and packaging was a part of elective subject in the masters course. The design here represents the branding for a hypothetical sweet shop ‘Mishthika’. The logo represents the diverse varieties of Indian sweets in minimum lines. The bright color palette signifies festivities and has the potential to change without much affecting the main sweet graphics.

Few from the daily illustration’s personal series

Thank You Saatvika Pancholi F/8 Radio Colony, Indore 452001 8921121201, 7874514767