Design Build Summer 2017
Design
THE AGROECOLOGY FARM
The Agroecology Farm Misson Statement
Thanks to our Donors
Our mission is to promote Agroecology and sustainable food systems by providing a diversity of experiential learning opportunities for NC State and the broader community.
Construction Metal Products Baker Roofing Peak Metals Diamond Contracting, Inc.
The Farm
Special Thanks To
Dr. Michelle Schroeder-Moreno, Director Alison Reeves, Farm Manager
Robert Macia, PE, LEED AP, Scalene Design Chris Dunham, NCSU Dining
NC State Agroecology Educational Farm
4400 Mid Pines Rd. Raleigh, NC 27603
Hanson Aggregates NCSU Landscape Construction Services NCSU Materials Lab
College of Design School of Architecture Instructors
Students
Randall Lanou Erik Mehlman, AIA Ellen Cassilly, AIA Scott Metheny Gabby Seider, T.A.
Marinanna Bowker Nate Carter Austin Chappell Matus Ferguson Jacob Fremderman Ryan Houser Rosa McDonald Kelsey Morrison
Studio Sponsors
College of Design
Campus Box 7701 Raleigh, NC 27695-7701
Scott Needham Abdul Raddadi Marie Samek Jessica Swanson Jordan Voigt Laura Ward Lillian Wu
May 18TH
CONTENT May 22nd
Project Overview 01 Design Process 02 Construction Documents
03
Site Preparation 04
Students visit the Agroecology Farm.
Concrete 05 Steel Connections 06
May 30TH
Students select design schemes from a four-hour charrette session.
Column 07 Cooler Box and + Siding
08
June 12th
Roof 09 Metal Screening + Grow Wall
10
Landscape 11 Completion + Team
12
Matus Ferguson, Jacob Fremderman, and Kelsey Morrison present their proposal to the client group.
Students begin working on si
ite.
July 26th June 30th Scott Needham, Rosa McDonald, Austin Chappell, and Kelsey Morrison work hard to pour the slab with assistance from Randall Lanou (Professor), Gabby Seider (T.A.), and NCSU Landscape Construction Services.
Laura Ward and Gabby Seider work on roof while Jordan Voigt and Scott Needham landscape.
July 28th Harvest barn is completed on time and under budge. The farm throws a party to celebrate.
July 12th July 17th
Size: 768 sq. ft. Budget: $26,000 Engineer: Robert Macia Students walk a bay over to the slab before they perform a barn raising.
Location: NCSU Agroecology Farm Coolers group (Abdul Raddadi pictured), work on cladding while the rest of class works on purlins and landscaping.
Materials: Concrete foundation, steel connections, timber frame, military grade food storage containers, cedar, corrugated roofing, and alotta popsicles.
PROJECT OVERVIEW 01 Over a ten week period, students of the 2017 Design | Build studio designed and built a post-harvesting facility for the Agroecology Farm at NC State University, an educational farm founded in 2006 as a place for students and the community to come together, learn, and practice sustainable agriculture. The College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (CALS), Department of Crop Science, the Center for Environmental Farming Systems (CEFS), and the NC State Dining have provided support for the farm. The farm provides fresh vegetables for the dining halls on campus and hosts annual farm-to-table events. Harvest demands have increased steadily since the farm’s inception. The farm managers approached Design | Build to create a post-harvesting wash and storage facility. The new structure will function as a showcase building for the farm as it continues to grow.
SITE VISIT + DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 02 The initial design and design development period lasted five weeks where students worked both individually and in groups to build ideas and expand upon them. After visiting the site, students carried out a charrette and built quick models to express concise ideas. similar ideations were grouped together and students teamed up to further explore those ideas. In a following review, instructors, stakeholders deliberated upon the different schemes. Jurors ultimately chose to move forward with the “overhang” team, whose scheme reflected the traditional barn roof vernacular in a redefined, expressive manner. Design development took place in the following weeks whereby students built full-scale mockups of the project’s different components. Teams explored options for structural systems, the coolers for storing harvested crops, a vertical green wall, and rainwater management and collection systems.
PROGRAM: ■■
The total area is 600-1000 square feet.
■■
The program includes space for vegetable preparation, cleaning, and cooling, and storage
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The space is accessible and universally designed.
■■
The project considers future connections to electrical and water sources.
In addition, students were tasked to develop a master plan that addresses the future development of bathrooms, storage, offices, and parking. The site should accommodate up to 100 people for farm-to-fork events.
Farm to Building
T
he project began with a site visit to the Agroecology Farm. They met the farm manager, Alison Reeves who gave the students a background on the farm as a place that promotes sustainable agricultural practices.
Beginning in 2013, the farm has partnered with NCSU Dining to bring fresh vegetables to campus dining halls. The farm is located on campus farmland off Lake Wheeler and Tryon Roads. The site backs into Historic Yates Mill Park.
The six-acre site has a large field and a hoop house to grow crops year round. There are two sheds to store tools and equipment. Vegetable production outpaces current facilities on site. The farm was in need
of a new harvest facility for meeting increased crop production and for hosting events. The new barn functions as a showcase building for the farm.
Lillian Wu and Rosa McDonald approach site from Historic Yates Mill Park.
Yates Mill Pond Bridge leading to farm.
Old water tank on site.
C
H R
T
A R
T RE
E E
VI
EW
Char¡rette n. The intense final effort made by architectural students to complete their solutions to a given architectural problem in an allotted time or the period in which such an effort is made.
NCSU AGROECOLOGY
FARM BARN
GABLE TEAM
EAST
NORTH
SOUTH
WEST
CONTAINER TEAM ADDITION DIAGRAM
CIRCULATION DIAGRAM
EVENT SPACE DIAGRAM
SHED TEAM
ECLECTIC TEAM
48’ 16’
24’
8’
20’
GARDEN
30’
ACCESSIBLE PATH
OVERFLOW EVENT SPACE
COOLER 1 8 X 10’
DRY STORAGE
COOLER 2
EXISTING SHED
LOADING AREA
40’
48’ 4’
0
4’
12’
16’
24’
8’
Wolf pack Shack
20’
GARDEN
Mathius Ferguson Jacob Fremderman Kelsey Morrison
30’
ACCESSIBLE PATH
B OVERFLOW EVENT SPACE
A FOOT PATH
7.7.
6.6.
COOLER 1 8 X 10’
future future garden garden
VEHICLE
DRY STORAGE
2.
event event parking parking
COOLER 2
A
proposed building
EXISTING SHED
LOADING AREA
B
proposed building building 2.2. proposed
40’
existing building building 1.1. existing
5.5.
4.4.
visitor visitor parking parking
4’
0
future future building building
4’
3.3.
employee employee parking parking
12’
4. 5. 7.
6.
future building
1.
existing building
visitor parking
future garden
event parking
WEST ELEVATION
NORTH ELEVATION
SOUTH ELEVATION
3.
employee parking
EAST ELEVATION
DISCOVERY GARDEN
OVERHANG TEAM CURRENT FARM LAND
CURRENT FARM LAND
HERB GARDEN BR OFFICE M M
VEGTABLE PICK UP
BUG HOTEL WORKSHOP
NEW BUILDING
OVE EM PA
CURRENT STORAGE
WATER TANK
A
FL HERB GARDEN
SIGN
BR OFFICE
M M
GATE VEGTABLE PICK UP
BUG HOTEL WORKSHOP
NEW BUILDING
A
WATER TANK
CURRENT STORAGE
OVERFLOW EMPLOYEE PARKING
MOCK UP OR SHUT UP PART OF THE SPIRIT of the design build studio is in producing mockups. Full-scale mockups are essential in assessing the feasibility of each design component. Unlike drawings or 3D models, this process helps students discover and understand material characteristics and construction systems.
Using the “overhang” scheme as a starting point, students spent the next two weeks developing and refining the different structural, aesthetic, and programmatic elements of the design. Groups explored different ideas by building half- and full-scale mockups of structural joints for footing-column and column-rafter connections. The studio employed a democratic system for deciding which ideas to pursue and ultimately draw into the construction documents. Another group explored options for building a closed, refrigerated system. After building a mockup of a stud wall clad in aromatic cedar, students obtained access to steel containers that are inherently structural
such that the need to build a refrigerated system from the ground up was eliminated. In repurposing the containers, students spent more time exploring cladding options and configurations.
The cladding group designed a trellis system for a grow wall on the southern façade. The original overhang design had a horizontal wooden system. The class debated the material and design of the screen wall. Ultimately, the class thought that the screen wall should be steel to avoid rot and unnecessary upkeep by the farm. The final design is organic and resembles grass in a field.
One group explored rainwater management and collection systems. Different ideas and options were explored, but no mockup was built because the farm wanted to focus the budget on the structural and programmatic aspects of the design. It was important for the studio to understand the feasible options Half-scale model of harvest barn. for the client in the situation that budgeting allowed for rainwater collection. Thus, the design for dealing with rainwater remained an ongoing process throughout both the design and construction phases of this project.
The mockup phase of design development is ultimately helpful in visualizing and understanding a design system in a physical space that drawings cannot otherwise determine. The process is extremely helpful to students when translating initial ideas into reality.
Half-scale mockups footer-column connection.
Full-scale rafter and sag rod mockup.
Scott Needham working on screen wall.
Kelsey Morrison and Marie Samek attach column connection to concrete mockup.
Scott Needham and Jordan Voigt working on rafter connection.
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS 03 Working with structural engineer Robert Macia of Scalene Design, students produced a series of construction documents detailing structural components and landscaping elements. Students created 3D models using SketchUp and Autodesk Revit. Drawings were produced using Autodesk AutoCAD. A concrete slab, sized at 48’ x 16’, is flanked by columns on the north and south. The columns support a constant overhang on the south side whereas the overhang on the north highlights a dramatic overhang that tapers along the length of the eave. Lateral bracing supports the structure via steel cross bracing on the north and south whereas steel sag rods provide bracing in the east and west directions.
Vegetable Garden
Harvest Barn Rain Garden
Storage Sheds
Office Space
NCSU AGROECOLOGY HARVEST BARN RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA AS-BUILT SET: AUGUST 2, 2017
SITE PLAN 3/32" = 1'-0"
FLOOR PLAN 1/4 = 1'-0"
FOUNDATION AND SLAB PLAN
FRAMING PLAN
1/8" = 1'-0"
1/8" = 1'-0"
3 A6.0
2 A6.0
1 A6.0
ROOF PLAN
ROOF FRAMING PLAN
1/8" = 1'-0"
1/8" = 1'-0"
NORTH ELEVATION
EAST ELEVATION
1/4" = 1'-0"
1/4" = 1'-0"
SOUTH ELEVATION
WEST ELEVATION
1/4" = 1'-0"
1/4" = 1'-0"
FRAMING DETAIL SECTION STORAGE 3/4" = 1'-0"
FRAMING DETAIL SECTION FULL PANEL 3/4" = 1'-0"
PANEL CONNECTION DETAIL TOP
PANEL CONNECTION DETAIL BOTTOM
FRAMING PLAN DETAIL
1" = 1'-0"
1" = 1'-0"
3/4" = 1'-0"
COLUMN "A" RAFTER CONNECTION 1" = 1'-0"
FULL FRAME DETAIL (LONGEST OVERHANG)
COLUMN "B" RAFTER CONNECTION
1/2" = 1'-0"
1" = 1'-0"
COLUMN "B" FOOTING CONNECTION
COLUMN "B" FOOTING CONNECTION PLAN
COLUMN "A" FOOTING CONNECTION
COLUMN "B" FOOTING CONNECTION PLAN
1" = 1'-0"
1" = 1'-0"
1" = 1'-0"
1" = 1'-0"
CROSS BRACING CONNECTION 1" = 1'-0"
KING POST DETAIL 1" = 1'-0"
RAKE OVERHANG
RAKE OVERHANG W/ GUTTER
1" = 1'-0"
1" = 1'-0"
EAVE OVERHANG 1" = 1'-0"
RIDGE STEEL PLATE
SOUTH COLUMN STEEL PLATE
GIRDER W/ CROSSBRACING STEEL PLATE
NORTH OVERHANG STEEL PLATE (LARGEST OVERHANG)
1 1/2" = 1'-0"
1 1/2" = 1'-0"
1 1/2" = 1'-0"
1 1/2" = 1'-0"
SITE PREP 04 The initial site preparation entailed setting up fencing for erosion control and the construction site itself. Students removed topsoil and excavated parts of the site in preparation for the concrete slab and footings. Using batter boards, a transit, and levels, they demarcated edges of the concrete slab and the center points for each column. An existing asparagus garden was transplanted to make room for a rock swale.
"Excavating is the best thing that I've done all summer." -Matus Ferguson
CONCRETE 05 The concrete footings were drilled out using a 24� auger to various depths based on the existing topography of the site. Some footings were dug too deep such that more concrete was used to fill the holes than required. Students purchased Sonotubes (cylindrical cardboard molds for the footings) and constructed rebar cages to provide additional structure to each footing. Students built the formwork for the concrete slab using untreated lumber. The concrete pour for the slab and footings was scheduled for a single afternoon, but due to a scattered storm and an insufficient supply of material, the western half of the slab was not poured that day. With the help and advice of NC State Landscape Construction Services, students made a last minute decision to add a control joint along the center of the slab, thereby allowing for a clean finish. The remainder of the slab was poured five days later, this time without the help of professionals. In total, thirty cubic yards of concrete was poured for this project (ten more than originally anticipated) due to the footings that were dug too deep. The slab has a broom finish and is crowned in the longitudinal direction for a two-inch slope across eight feet.
Footer The concrete footing is the contact point where the structure meets the ground and is an integral part of the building’s structure. Although the footings are barely seen from above ground, they are designed as two-foot diameter by three-foot cylinder with a cylindrical rebar cage to reinforce the concrete. The studio used a 24" auger attachment on a mini excavator to dig the holes. Cardboard Sonotubes were used as a mold for the above ground portion of the footers. Due to soil conditions, most of the footings were dug much deeper, some as deep as a person (pictured bottom right). The students used low slump 3000 PSI concrete. NCSU Landscape Construction Services assisted and guided students through the pour process. Concrete was poured in the over dug holes until they reached the correct three-foot level. Then the rebar cage was placed and the remaining concrete was poured. Students used a concrete vibrator to ensure that the dense concrete reached the corners of the mold. The students used steel edgers to finish the corners. The top of the footers was brushed to match the broom finish of the slab.
Landscape Construction Services assist with finishing concrete.
Scott Needlham and Austin Chappell finishing slab with broom finish.
Rosa McDonald inspects formwork prior to pour.
Footer after concrete has cured and Sonotube removed.
Slab after rain stopped. The slab is crowned and broom finished.
All hands on deck as pour begins.
s
Jacob Fremderman gets dirty working with concrete.
Bent rebar on downturn.
Part 1
Part 2
STEEL MEMBERS 06 All steel connections were fabricated at the College of Design Materials Lab in order to keep costs low. Students plasma cut steel sheets 1/4� in thickness into the profiles needed to form column-to-footing, column-to-rafter, column-to-girder, and sag rod connections. To accommodate the tapered overhang on the north end of the structure, each of the five column-to-rafter steel connections is different in size, ranging from three to six feet in length. As part of the fabrication process, students made templates to align the holes for bolted connections. All steel pieces were primed and painted black to prevent rusting.
Integrating steel into the design allowed for an 8’ overhang while providing a light lookand-feel to the structure. The large steel members are sandwiched between Southern Pine boards to give the dimensional lumber added strength. The steel reveal illustrates the structural support of the overhang on the north end. The same architectural language is repeated to give the building a tectonic language.
STEEL WORK MAKES THE DREAM WORK
Base Plat The base plates connect the wood column to the concrete footing thereby anchoring the structural frame to the ground. At the same time, they provide a divide between the concrete and wood columns, which protects the wood from water during storms. The base plates also pick up the cross bracing connections. Small clevis attachments were welded and bolted onto the column base. During design development, steps were taken to exaggerate this connection, grounding the frame and creating a visually appealing transition from wood to concrete. The column-to-rafter connections on the north side are expressed with a 45 degree angle extenuation that reflects the same language as the column-to-footer connections. Due to the lack of a dramatic overhang on the south side, the studio chose to form a simple connection, thus simplifying the structure and diverting attention to the metal screen wall.
te In working with Robert Macia to design structural connections, a surprising cost that accumulated quickly was that of hardware (i.e. bolts, nuts, and washers). Because of this,
the team went through multiple iterations with Macia to reduce the amount of hardware needed for each connection while ensuring that the structure would withstand high winds and dead loads.
It took a team of five people two weeks to manufacture all the steel plates. Over fifty individual steel connections were cut out of 5-1/4� 4’ x 8' steel sheets. To do this, the team had to use the plasma cutter at the College of Design Materials Lab. The plasma cutter reaches temperatures over 40,000° F and runs off of a CAD file to program what the machine will cut. To drill over 200 holes quickly and correctly, the team laser cut templates out of chipboard and used these to quickly mark and drill every hole by hand. After plasma cutting the pieces for the plates, they were sanded and welded together, primed to prevent rusting, and painted black. Using string and batter boards, the plates were centered on the concrete footing and used as templates to then drill holes into the footing. Pre-drilling the footing made it easier to later erect the structural frame and bolt them into the footing.
COLUMNS 07 Each column is constructed out of four standard pieces of pressure-treated lumber with a single sheet of steel sandwiched between the two inner pieces of lumber. These steel members connect the column to the footing below as well as the rafter above. There is a total of ten columns spaced twelve feet apart on center. The five columns along the north side have steel connections at the footing that are similar in profile and language to the connections at the rafter. Students considered using engineered lumber but ultimately decided to use standard lumber both for its cost and aesthetics.
Marie Samek works on a column
Ryan Houser photographs a raft
n.
ter.
Scott Needham and Jordan Voigt prepare column for raising.
DESIGN | BUILD
15
14
13
10
9
8
BAY DAY
13 DESIGN BUILD
8 AGROECOLOGY FARM
12
11
7
6
BAY DAY
COOLERS AND CLADDING 08 Students initially explored building a structural frame for the refrigerated space and built a full-scale mockup using wood studs, insulation, and cedar cladding. However, with the help of the farm’s director, Dr. Michelle Schroeder-Moreno, students obtained three military grade containers dimensioned at roughly 8’ x 8’ x 8’. Similar to shipping containers, these containers are inherently structural such that students only needed to clean, paint, and clad them. In addition to the three coolers, students constructed a closet on the east end and built a custom sliding barn door for it. Existing step ladders on the containers accommodate additional storage above. The aromatic cedar siding was purchased from ReUse Warehouse in Durham. As a naturally rot and weather resistant wood, its use ties back to the farm’s fundamental mission to practice and promote sustainable methods.The vertical language of the cladding prevents water from accumulating on the wood, thereby preserving its natural qualities.
“We couldn’t have asked for a better thing to happen.� -Alison Reeves, Farm Manager To properly clad the coolers the team came up with a wood stud framing that the cedar would be attached to, because of building code regulations this cladding needed to be removable. In order to create a removable cladding system that functions and looked permanent, the team created the wood stud framing and attached it with toggle bolts into the metal coolers once they were placed on the
slab. From there, students attached the cedar cladding and installed all metal corners and caps. The first step to successfully creating this cladding system was to plane, rip, and join all the cedar board to ensure that they would site flush to each other and the metal coolers. Next the class had to seal the cedar, in order to retain its red hue, and cut the boards to length. The boards were then laid out and attached in order to not waste a single board, since it
was impossible for us to find cedar that would perfectly match that which we pre-purchased. Once the cedar was attached the team installed all the steel corners that were made in order to increase the longevity of the cedar in the case of machines or workers damaging them. All of the steel corners, door framing, and metal trim was manufactured by the class out of hot rolled steel-angles and pre-drilled in order to attach into the cedar. The cedar was the first purchase made for the project, even before a team was assembled for budgeting. It was unclear whether there would be enough cedar for cladding, but luckily, at the end of the project, there was only a single 8' board of cedar left to spare and the team was ecstatic.
ROOF 09 The roof is built with bare galvalume PBR panels donated by Construction Metal Products. The roof was installed after the purlins and fascia were in place. It serves to clearly define the initial overhang concept. Students designed for rainwater management on the south side in the form of four rain chains that direct water from the gutter to the rock swale below. Rather than using downspouts, rain chains were used to allude to the rustic nature of traditional barns. The northern part of the structure is treated for rainwater collection in the form of a single stock tank and no downspout or rain chain. Half round gutters line the north and south sides of the roof. Donated by Baker Roofing | Peak Metals, who does not carry this style of gutters, the gutters were custom manufactured for this project.
Scott Needham fastens the fascia to rafter.
View of purlins from the roof.
Kelsey Morrison works on purlins.
Jordan Voigt measures purlin spacing.
Matus Ferguson and Jacob Fremderman install flashing while Gabby Seider and Laura Ward install roofing.
Northern view of roof.
Construction Metal Products, Inc. System: CMP "R" Panel A Superior Roof or Wall Panel with Maximum Strength. Available in 26ga. and 24ga.
1 1/4"
36" Nominal Coverage
Recomended fastening patern every 30" o.c.
Matus Ferguson prepares to cut excess roofing.
12" Rib Spaceing
Recomended fastening patern at eave and ridge every 12" o.c.
R Panel edge lap
DETAIL: SYSTEM: DATE:
CMP
SCALE: DRAWING NO:
Marinanna Bowker and Lillian Wu hang gutter section.
Marinanna Bowker, Gabby Seider, and Laura Ward cut a gutter section.
GU T T E R S
SCREEN WALL 10 The metal screen on the south side of the structure acts as both an aesthetic and functional element. The application of seemingly random, relatively vertical steel rods serves to allow for a vertical green wall. Although seeds were not planted as part of this project’s scope, the screen wall was designed with sustainability in mind. The decision to use metal for the screen wall stemmed from the material’s inherent qualities for supporting vegetative growth. The original scheme considered a wood trellis but that would have required greater care and maintenance over time as condensation on plants can cause wood to rot. Steel, on the other hand, does not lose its structural qualities when it comes in contact with water.
Scott Needham welds the metal screen
LANDSCAPING 11 The topography across the site originally had a maximum eight foot difference from the highest point at the northwest to the lowest point at the southeast end. The final landscaping for the site uses #67 gravel for the driveway and Chapel Hill gravel for both the ADA accessible parking and the uncovered event spaces around the slab. Leftover riprap from a BuildSense project was used to line the edges of the Chapel Hill gravel and to fill the swales on the north and south sides of the building. An 8-inch metal culvert was laid into the ground on the southeast end of the building to direct water away and follow the natural direction of water flow. The gravel was tamped down and fescue seed was planted and covered with hay. Students learned to use a mini excavator and mini skid-steer to accomplish the landscaping for the site. Special thanks to Randall Lanou for allowing students to borrow his beloved tractor to finish landscaping.
FARM FOCUS IN DESIGNING the post-harvesting structure for the farm, students focused on a sustainable design that follows the guiding principles practiced by the farm. While most materials were sourced locally and chosen for their inherently sustainable qualities, others were repurposed altogether. The design reinterprets the traditional, rustic barn typology in a contemporary manner by way of the dramatic overhang, metal screen wall, and rainwater management and collection systems. The lateral orientation of the structure accommodates the flow of the farm’s needs, the solar path and the natural flow of rainwater along the site. The siting of the structure itself serves to
isolate the existing sheds, thereby differentiating between the “public” and “private” areas of the farm. Furthermore, the design serves as a focal point for the farm while simultaneously drawing attention outwards toward the farmland. By providing a gathering space, the structure invites visitors to stay, look out, and learn about the farm. For those venturing from Historic Yates Mill Park, the structure acts as a gateway; it is a destination in which the journey provides framed views of the farm itself.
Jordan admires his work on his new tractor.
Students check out the stock tank.
Jordan Voigt and Jessica Swanson clear a path for a driveway.
COMPLETION + TEAM 12 This project was finished on July 28, 2017 and culminated with a celebratory dinner sponsored by NC State Dining. Use of the project’s space for the dinner allowed the studio, client group, and other contributors to experience the flexibility of the space. Next steps for the farm include installing air conditioning units with cool bots into the metal boxes. The farm is also planning to work with NC State Dining to provide a covered system for the stock tank. The studio would like to thank all of the donors who contributed their time, donated materials and products, and offered guidance along the way. Robert Macia served as an invaluable resource in helping students understand the structural and engineering components behind the design. Chris Dunham provided critical support with landscaping, moving and positioning the cooler boxes, and erecting the structural frames in place. Along with support from studio instructors and the teaching assistant, this project was completed within budget and on schedule.
Introducing the Har vest Barn
AFTER TEN long weeks, the harvest barn was completed on July 28 2017. Thank you to the farm, NCSU Dining, and everyone who helped contribute to this project.
Ryan Houser sands the dedication sign.
Students meet with instructor group to discuss a detail.
Laura Ward, expert roofer.
Design | Build 2017