Atmospheric Fable DR Report | Bartlett 2016 by sabinabe

Atmospheric Fable Design Realisation SABINA BERARIU UNIT 24 2015/16 DR Module Leaders: James Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Leary + Dirk Krolikowski DR Practice Tutors: Michael Tite Consultants: Price and Myers + Max Fordham

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 1

S1 40%

S2 15%

S3 30%

S4 15%

SECTION 1 / BUILDING FORM, SYSTEM PLANNING AND CONTEXT [A1 Competition Style Sheet] .................................................................................................................................................. Project Overview .......................................................................................................................................................................... Site Analysis .................................................................................................................................................................................. Site Context. Nine Elms Vauxhall Partnership ................................................................................................................... Site Context. Lambeth Unitary Development Plan ........................................................................................................... Planning Material. Architectural Aesthetics Study ........................................................................................................... General Environmental Analysis ............................................................................................................................................ Local Environmental Analysis ................................................................................................................................................. Design Intent ................................................................................................................................................................................ Project Programme ..................................................................................................................................................................... Design Strategies ........................................................................................................................................................................ Schedule of Accommodation ................................................................................................................................................... Plan Arrangement Diagrams ................................................................................................................................................... Access Strategy ........................................................................................................................................................................... Fire Strategy ................................................................................................................................................................................. Means of Escape .......................................................................................................................................................................... Acoustic Strategy ........................................................................................................................................................................ Material Research ........................................................................................................................................................................ Construction Principles .............................................................................................................................................................

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

SECTION 2 / BUILDING CONSTRUCTION [A1 Competition Style Sheet] .................................................................................................................................................. Building Components ................................................................................................................................................................ Construction Phases ................................................................................................................................................................... Groundwork and Foundations ................................................................................................................................................ Steel Frame and Floors ............................................................................................................................................................. Glass Components ...................................................................................................................................................................... Outdoor Play Terminals ............................................................................................................................................................ DT Detail Drawings .....................................................................................................................................................................

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28-30

SECTION 3 / BUILDING PERFORMANCE [A1 Competition Style Sheet] .................................................................................................................................................. Physics, Chemistry and Architecture ................................................................................................................................... User Control and Technology Augmentation .................................................................................................................... Rainwater Harvesting and Green Roofs ............................................................................................................................... Low-Energy Mixed Mode Ventilation .................................................................................................................................... Natural and Artificial Light Requirements ........................................................................................................................... Lighting Strategy ........................................................................................................................................................................ Thermal Comfort ......................................................................................................................................................................... Environmental Simulation ........................................................................................................................................................ Landscape Climatic Devices ..................................................................................................................................................... Map of Meteorological Details in Landscape ..................................................................................................................... Solar Gain Strategy .................................................................................................................................................................... Facade Animation ....................................................................................................................................................................... Atmospheric Intent. 24 Hour Cycle ....................................................................................................................................... Sustainable Specifications ........................................................................................................................................................

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

SECTION 4 / BUILDING DELIVERY Procurement Route .................................................................................................................................................................... Contractual Relationship. Roles and Responsibilities ...................................................................................................... Planning Considerations and Process .................................................................................................................................. Financial and Legal Matters .................................................................................................................................................... Construction Risks. Health and Safety .................................................................................................................................

APPENDIX

GA 00 - Roof Plan GA 01 - Ground Floor Plan GA 02 - Lower Ground Floor Plan GA 03 - Section Vessel 1 GA 04 - Section Vessel 1 + 2 Lambeth Planning Application Extracts Lambeth UDP Extracts Bibliography

46 47 48 49 50

INTRODUCTION

Atmospheric Fable

The site is the Vauxhall Gardens, one of the leading venues for public entertainment in London, from the mid-17th century to the mid-19th century. The project is a vesel of atmospheres designed to recall elements of the Vauxhall Gardens: The Orchestra, The ‘Allées’ and The Illuminations. The intention is to re-produce the physical, atmospheric, and social qualities of these elements, in a carefully integrated scheme which considers both the architectural object and its dialogue with landscape. A project in which the playful man is the central element where architecture re-engages the public and distinct atmospheric qualities create different zones of attraction. The aim here is to restore diversity to the relation that the body maintains with space, with its temperature, to allow seasonal movement within the system, migrations from ground to underground, from cold to warm, winter and summer, dressed and undressed. The architecture is in consequence climatic.

BUILDING FORM, SYSTEMS, PLANNING & CONTEXT 40%

This section is an introduction to the particularities of the chosen site [Vauxhall Gardens], and the key strategies for the program arrangement, structural integrity, environmental considerations, and planning issues. Due to the nature of the site, the proposal is not limited to the presence of the buildings, but it also includes extended landscape regeneration strategies, reacting to social, climatic and economical factors. This section explores ways of proposing an intervention which is resonant to the rich cultural and historical heritage of the 18th century Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens, but also responsive to the current development plans for Lambeth and Vauxhall.

PROJECT OVERVIEW

Location of London in the UK and location of Lambeth within London

Early conceptual analysis of extended masterplan, showing the location of the Spring Gardens in relation to adjacencies

private property Vauxhall Transport Node existing tavern

M16 support office

existing sports court

residential

existing playground opportunity area existing riding school

traffic flow existing green space train station rail tracks

residential

SITE CHOICE The study of the 19th Century Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens informed the formulation of the theoretical foundation of the project, through its social, political and architectural qualities, which demonstrate an excellent, explicit illustration of pleasure, in the 19th century. The aim of the project is to recreate the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;atmospheresâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; of pleasure, resonant to current appetites and public attitudes. HISTORY Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens offered a wide variety of entertainment, including liontamers, trampoline clowns, fortune tellers, ventriloquists, monkeys, dogs, and fire walkers. Visited by royalty, Jaquamo

existing farm

Casanova and the poet Shelley, the gardens also hosted the premieres of works by Handel while Canaletto painted a famous view of the Grand Walk in 1751. They were subject to elaborate reconstruction by Jonathan Tyers in the mid-18th century but interest declined with the arrival of the railways in the 19th century and they eventually closed in 1859. SITE LOCATION The site is included in the Nine Elms regeneration plan area, which spans 227 hectares of central London. The development potential of this prime, central London location on the Thames riverside has attracted billions of pounds

outdoor cinema

of private sector investment and an area-wide regeneration programme has begun to transform the district on an extraordinary scale. Over the next decade and beyond, Nine Elms on the South Bank will fulfil its potential as a new residential and business district and reach the same high levels of population and employment density as its central London neighbours. INFRASTRUCTURE The Northern line extension will cut travel times to the City to 12 minutes and to Leicester Square in 14. Its location and improved transport connections will make Nine Elms on the South Bank one of the most accessible parts of London. The Vauxhall bus, tube and rail interchange

is being improved to increase capacity and enhance passenger flow. The Vauxhall gyratory will be redesigned to ease congestion and create a more pedestrian and cycle friendly environment with improved links to the riverside. VAUXHALL REGENERATION The vision for Vauxhall builds on its heritage but is also about providing exemplary modern and sustainable facilities. Once again Vauxhall will be a gateway to the city and a modern, characterful district centre. The railway arches, the river, the historic neighbourhoods and green spaces, along with existing communities, will all play their part in the re-emergence of Vauxhall as a central London destination.

SITE ANALYSIS

tavern residential office/business green space Vauxhall bridge river Thames shingles road station view corridor access into site

1 3 1

Extended site map showing adjacencies, proximity to water, uses and circulation 0 10

100m

Site Analysis The site is surrounded by 3-4 storey height apartment blocks and row-housing on the northern, eastern and southern edges, and by offices along the southern edge, across the main road, connecting North bank to South bank through the Vauxhall Bridge. The Royal Vauxhall Tavern, a Grade II listed building, and South London’s oldest surviving gay venue, frames the main entrance into the site. The M16 headquarters and St George Wharf are framing the access onto the Vauxhall Bridge.

The Railway and Vauxhall Transport Node close off the site on its western boundary, and it is subject to improvement works as part of the Nine Elms regeneration scheme. Due engineering works will be mitigated as risk within the construction phase of the project. Although the proposal does not affect the Royal Vauxhall Tavern directly, since it is a listed building and the proposal will be in the curtilage of a listed building, it might be required to apply for a Listed Building Consent,

[according to Planning (Listed Buildings/Conservation Areas) Act 1990]1 Another area of concern is flooding - the site is included in the Groundsure’s flood risk map, by the Environment Agency. The risk will be mitigated during Phases 5 to 7 from the RIBA Plan of Work. The site has been deemed an area of opportunity by planning authorities, and the reinvigoration of the public space and overall architectural aesthetic is encouraged. 1 Planning (Listed Buildings/Conservation Areas) Act 1990], 1990

The three ages of the grounds of the Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens Fig 1.The glorious 17th and 18th century. Fig 2.The decades as grounds for social housings. Fig 3. The gardens today. © Friends of Vauxhall

Bird’s eye view over the Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens Fig 1. The Gardens consisted of a few acres of manicured trees and shrubs with attractive walks along collonades © Museum of London

Fig 2. The park now is a verdant environment with View of The Grand Walk (1751) an architecturally significant new entrance, sports Merged onto modern day photo to illustrate transformation facilities, year round events and festivals © Canaletto © Bing Maps

SITE CONTEXT. NINE ELMS VAUXHALL PARTNERSHIP The Nine Elms Vauxhall Partnership was created in 2010 to coordinate and drive forward the transformation of an entire district of Central London. Co-chaired by the leaders of Wandsworth and Lambeth Council, it includes the area’s main developers and landowners, the Mayor of London, Transport for London and the Greater London Authority. It is responsible for setting and delivering the strategic vision for the area, including the £1 billion infrastructure investment package.

e ur as s ple rden ga

application approved

Peddlers park

Vauxhall

Old paradise

Bird’s eye view overlooking the Lambeth Walk

under construction battersea power station application submitted completed pre-development green space

Green and open space Vast areas of brownfield land are now being transformed into new open space. Nine Elms on the South Bank will become a green and walkable district with a thoughtfully integrated network of parks, public squares, footpaths, cycle lanes, sports pitches, outdoor shopping areas and a variety of outdoor recreation spaces.

Green space and new transport links

Linear Park A continuous green corridor will sweep through the district from west to east – providing a beautifully landscaped, green and car-free pathway from Battersea Power Station all the way to Vauxhall Cross. Along its route the park will open out into a variety of open spaces and will extend off into the new developments, linking up with other public squares, shopping parades, hotels, parks and gardens. This extraordinary green channel will be entirely open to the public and a focal point for shopping, sports, leisure and recreation, outdoor events and all forms of community life. Its edges will be lined with homes, shops, cafes, leisure venues and other attractions to draw people in and activate the space. It will offer a new pedestrian and cycle route through the centre of the district – a green and pleasant alternative to the main road. At four key points along the way it will connect to the Thames River Path, giving people the opportunity to switch between the linear park and water’s edge as they make their way through the district on foot or by bike.

Development sites

Thames River Path A new stretch of the Thames River Path will run the full length of the regeneration area, extending the cultural offer of the world famous South Bank through Vauxhall and all the way to Battersea Park. Like the linear park, the new river walk will be a focus for cultural and leisure activity, flanked by stunning architecture including the new US Embassy and a revived Battersea Power Station. There will also be a huge range of riverside shops, cafes, restaurants, cultural attractions and event space. It will converge with other public spaces along the route – opening out into parks, squares and gardens where people can come to enjoy the riverside setting.

Development strategy for the Linear Park, crossing the Vauxhall Gardens

SITE CONTEXT. LAMBETH UNITARY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Desired maximum height for proposal Existing Site Maximum Heights Location of Spring Gardens

Section A-A @ Scale 1:2500 The existing site heights are ranging from 15m to 150m

B C

Section B-B @ Scale 1:2500 The existing site heights are ranging from 12m to 61m B

Aerial View over Site showing directions of section cuts

Section C-C @ Scale 1:2500 The existing site heights are ranging from 6.2m to 120m The proposal for the Spring Gardens is a relatively low rise scheme, reaching the maximum height datum of 15m. The tectonic approach will allow the architecture to sculpt the ground and extend the footprint of the building below ground level. The decision has been informed by

Conservation Areas

Transport for London Road Network

Central Activities Zone

the Lambeth Unitary Development Plan and the Strategic Policies for Landscape Proposals. Key points which will be considered are: the view corridors towards river Thames and vistas towards landamarks, as well as the overall heights of the existing buildings. The proposed scheme will

enhance the overall aesthetic and preserve the existing view points. The general proportions and characteristics of the Spring Gardens - site levels and site area, is another argument for developing a tectonic, low rise scheme.

Local Centre

Major Development Opportunity

Potential Hazard Zone

Thames Policy Area

Open Spaces. Parks

Parliament Hill to Palace of Westminster

Plan of Action based on UDP Strategy: Regenerative architectural scheme Preserve & Enhance Open Space Utilise TFL Network for access Adhere to Thames Policy Area Preserve the environment Preserve view corridors and vistas Enhance site permeability Preserve sites of local importance Extend Cycling Network Lambeth Cycling Network

Key considerations: Site is not in a conservation area Site is not in a hazard zone Opportunity for masterplan design Site in proximity to Local Centre Site transportation ensured by TFL Site has attractive vistas

PLANNING MATERIAL. ARCHITECTURAL AESTHETICS STUDY

Architectural Style 1 - Rococo [Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens 18th century] Left: View of promenade © historytoday,com Right: The Orchestra © vauxhallgardens.com Intent: the proposal aims to recover the picturesque character of the 18th century Pleasure Gardens, through employing carefully integrated outdoor lighting strategies and art installations. The development of an architectural style suitable for current architectural appetites will be informed through re-creating the atmospheric qualities of the historic gardens.

Architectural Style 2 - Victorian [Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens 19th century] Left: Royal Vauxhall Tavern Listed Building Grade II Right: Railway Arches Intent: the desire is to persuade the bars, clubs and other businesses in the arches to turn around and face the park, and to open up some of the arches for pedestrian access.

Architectural Style 3 [Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens 21st century] Left: Vauxhall Bus Station Right: The Foundry - RIBA Building of the Year 2015 Intent: the study of modernist and postmodernist architecture will inform the choice of materials, shape and volumetry of the new proposal. Steel, glass and concrete will be used to articulate the architectural proposal, without neglecting the inclusion of green space. Atmospheric Qualities [Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens 18th + 21st century] Top Left: Duke of Richmond’s Firework Display © austenonly.com Top Right: The Royal Vauxhall Baloon © museumoflondonprints.com Bottom Left: Contemporary Costume Carnival Bottom Right: Contemporary Fire Festival Intent: public events such as music festivals, fire festivals, carnivals and demonstrations to be accommodated in improved grass open areas and special designated areas. The park is to be given back its historical title of Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens - one that recalls the area’s glittering history as a place of entertainment and wonder.

“The garden strikes the eye prodigiously; it is set with many rows of tall trees, kept in excellent order, among which are placed an incredible number of globe lamps, by which it is illuminated, and when they are lighted the sound of the music ravishing the ear, added to the great resort of company so well dressed and walking about, would almost make one believe he was in the Elysian fields.”

GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

London, United Kingdom Latitude: +51.52 (51’31’12’N) Longitude: -0.1 (0 Time zone: UTC+0 hours Country: United Kingdom Continent: Europe Sub-region: Northern Europe

The climate of London is a function of its proximity to the European continent, positioning close to the North Atlantic and the North Sea, and to some extent the Urban Heat Island effect and London’s rather northerly latitude. The direction of the wind (or more precisely the air mass this brings) is largely responsible for which of these sources most influences the day-to-day weather. With the prevailing wind being broadly south-westerly (bringing tropical maritime air), this gives London its climate of consistent rainfall throughout the year, relatively low sunshine hour count and few snow days, as well as a lack of extremes of temperature, those generally coming when

Site Compass

North

330

December 21 20 Equinox March & September

June 21 21:22

04:43

June 21

300

50 60 70 80

Equinox March & September East

West 80

12:00

70 60 50 240

12:00

15:53

08:04

20 10

120

December 21

30 12:00

210

150

South

Sun Path Diagram

This is the wind, wave and weather statistics for London-Heathrow Airport in England, United Kingdom. Windfinder specializes in wind, waves, tides and weather reports & forecasts for wind related sports like kitesurfing. The wind statistics are based on real observations from the weather station at LondonHeathrow Airport.

Wind Direct Distribution in (%)

the wind switches away from this direction - to the Arctic north or Polar north-east for cold, and to the Continental south or south east for heat. The warmest month is July, with an average temperature range at Greenwich of 13.6 °C to 22.8 °C. The coolest month is January, averaging 2.4 °C to 7.9°C. Average annual precipitation is 583.6mm, with February on average the driest month. Snow is relatively uncommon, particularly because heat from the urban area can make London up to 5°C hotter than the surrounding areas in winter. Light snowfall is seen a few times a year. London is in USDA Hardiness scene 9, and AHS Heat Zone 2.

LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

vehicle

Residential

site

trees

Urban Farm

River Thames Air Currents

vehicles

National Rail

site

Vauxhall Railway

Residential + Office

Cleaner ind

Warm

vehicle

try

Warm

SW Prevailing Winds

Polluted

Cool

Pollution Map. Influence of petrol vs vegetation

Heat Map of Vauxhall Gardens. Influence of airflow and local uses

Map showing clusters of cool air. Influence of vegetation

MAX

10 MIN

0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Annual Temperature Figure 150

125

100 Precipitation (mm)

Dry

Humid

Jan

Humidity Map. Influence of south-west winds, northern winds and vegetation

Map showing green open spaces and trees

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Annual Precipitation

Geology Map 00

1100m

9900m 8500m

8500m

Note: These are estimates for the long-term average weather conditions, i.e. the climate, at Vauxhall Gardens. They were derived from data for the period 19712000 - the WMO standard reference period - from nearby official Met Office sites. In reality, Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is used to survey the landscape and its existing microclimates, as well as the effects of the details of individual design interventions on the design as a whole. DiGMapGB-25 Rock Unit,DiGMapGB-10 Rock Unit ((1:10 000) Rock Unit)

Key Conclusions: maximise solar gain reduce heat losses manage rainwater

Geology 1:10 000 Bedrock

Geological Map Data ©NERC 2016. © Crown Copyright and Database Right 2016. Ordnance Survey (Digimap Licence).

100

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Scale 1:5000 250

Feb 07, 2016 21:46:52 300

Geology Map

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Sabina Berariu UCL

500 m

1100m

9900m 8500m

London Clay Formation Clay(LC-CLAY) Lambeth Group - Clay, Silt, Sand And Gravel(LMBECLSSG)

Geology: The Kempton Park Gravel Formation and the underlying London Clay Formation expected beneath the site are classified as a Secondary A Aquifer and an Unproductive Stratum, respectively.It is considered that no specific precautions are required Rock Unit,DiGMapGB-10 Rock Unit ((1:10 000) to protectDiGMapGB-25 foundations founded Rock Unit) through or within the Kempton Park Gravel Formation. A net allowable bearing capacity of 150kN/m2 may be assumed for spread foundations up to 1m across. Retaining structures should be designed using effective

Superficial Deposits

1100m

7800m

17 53

9900m

7800m

8500m

Kempton Park Gravel Formation - Sand And Gravel(KPGR-XSV) Langley Silt Member - Silt (Unlithified Deposits Coding Scheme)(LASI-Z) Alluvium - Clay And Silt(ALV-XCZ) Peat - Peat(PEAT-P)

Geological Map Data ©NERC 2016. © Crown Copyright and Database Right 2016. Ordnance Survey (Digimap Licence).

100

150

7800m

200

Scale 1:5000 250

1100m

9900m

7800m

Feb 07, 2016 21:47:12 300

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500 m

Sabina Berariu UCL

Alluvium - Silt (Unlithified Deposits Coding Scheme) (ALV-Z) Artificial Ground Geology 1:10 000 Made Ground (Undivided) Bedrock - Unknown/Unclassified London Clay Formation Entry(MGR-UKNOWN) Clay(LC-CLAY) Infilled Ground - Unknown/ Lambeth GroupEntry(WMGR- Clay, Silt, Unclassified Sand And Gravel(LMBEUKNOWN) CLSSG) Made Ground (Undivided) - Artificial Deposit(MGRSuperficial Deposits ARTDP) Kempton Park Gravel Infilled Ground - Artificial Formation - Sand And Deposit(WMGR-ARTDP) Gravel(KPGR-XSV) Mass Movement Langley Silt Member - Silt Linear Features (Unlithified Deposits Coding Scheme)(LASI-Z) Alteration Areas Alluvium - Clay And Faults Silt(ALV-XCZ) fault, inferred PeatNormal - Peat(PEAT-P) Fold Axes Alluvium - Silt (Unlithified Fossil Horizons Deposits Coding Scheme) (ALV-Z) Landforms

Artificial Ground Hollow filled with Superficial Deposits Made Ground (Undivided) Mineral Veins - Unknown/Unclassified

through form and orientation strength parameters. A DS-1 Design Sulfate Class and an AC-1 ACEC classification should be assumed as a minimum for the design of concrete in contact with the ground. Further ground investigation, including groundwater should be conducted. Should excavations be required beneath the water table, and particularly within the coarse grained soils, active groundwater control will be required to maintain adequately dry working conditions and excavation stability. The ground floor slab can be load bearing.

Key Conclusions: ground bearing slab gas resistant membrane not required

DESIGN INTENT

Promenade

Illuminations

The intention is to restore the atmospheric qualities and re-interpret the programme that was thriving at the Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens. Three key elements have been chosen: the Promenade, the Orchestra for musical and artistic performances, and the Illuminations generated by the fireworks displays and lighting strategies. These will be translated architecturally through landscape strategies which allow for movement and permeability through site, a theatre venue and through employing a series of either natural or digital techniques to re-create the atmospheric and lighting qualities of the 19th century gardens. The images below are early concept stage, abstract illustrations and collages of these representations. They are meant to be indicative of the intended general atmospheric qualities.

Musical and artistic performances

Early stage concept for a pavilion for musical and artistic performances

Restoring the scenic element

Early materiality concept

Architecture as playground. restoring the ludic element

Atmospheres arranged in fields. Promenade with focus points

Clusters of atmospheres dispersed along site

PROJECT PROGRAMME Precedent Studies

PLAY-GROUND, LEARN-GROUND, EDUCATIONAL The program was developed to allow the landscape of Vauxhall Gardens to host a variety of multi-cultural, leisure and working activities, revealing the richness of the program of the historical Pleasure Gardens of the 17-18th century. The program naturally is shaped to adapt three vessels - the multi-cultural vessel, the entrepreneurial vessel, and the multi-functional theatre, along with introducing the transformation of the earth surface in Vauxhall Gardens. As the proposed site is located in an existing open, recreational space, with already existing outdoor sports facilities and playgrounds, the buildings simultatenously serve as a literal playground which is land-formed and earth-interactive.

TU Delft Library, Mecanoo

past

present

vision

fine dining

DIY

learning

plant trees

adventure

grow your own

cinefil

playing wii

artwork

dancing

Oslo Opera House, Snohetta

Early Activites Sketches skip your turn

rules roll the dice follow the signs play your city act. don’t re-act

roll again

follow the arrow

bored of looking for fresh food.

produce street art.

finish!

you’ve solved most of the urban issues what’s yours?

climate change - what about it?

install a public mailbox.

authorities are telling you off for citizen behaviour.

you caught a cold. take it easy.

government proposes law against public gatherings.

your landlord renovates and raises your rent.

re-assess your strategies.

you forgot to involve elderly people.

draw a community map.

baloon map the city.

too many CCTVs.

lead public manifestation.

listen.

arrested for hosting public parties.

you found a book. explore.

highway repairs. commute affected.

hack an add. own public space.

build a swing in the city centre.

controversial political discussion.

make constitution public.

discuss with anarchists.

share leaflets on selforganisation.

make social media your friend.

pause. breathe.

volunteering, yes. but survival?

mark safe cycling routes.

set up a guerilla garden.

listen to other people’s suggestions.

Hafencity Public Space, Miralles

do you grow anything? if yes

else

urban force fields + flows of desire @ new babylon set up a free cafe.

self-designed crosswalks.

exhausted. nowhere your cycle gets stolen. to sit. anger.

start a local eco innitiative.

your pillowfight is stopped by police.

chair bomb the pavements.

adventure seekers, off you go!

Olympic Archery, Miralles & Carme Pinos Roll. Follow. Play.

figure out your local transport.

neighbors suggest local groceries.

stuck on the tube.

buy bread and feed the birds.

invent a local sport.

rent a bike and explore your city.

(can only be played by a completely revolutionised society.)

Early Urban Game Program The current site has an outdoor playground to the northern boundary, and this will be extended and enhanced in the proposed scheme. The existing sports facility will be complemented with outdoor fitness activities, and a cycling track which stretches along the site. The existing riding school will be preserved. The existing allotments and farm will be preserved and incorporated as part of the outdoor programme, involving the community. The buildings proposed are a collection of programs, which, along with other reasons, apply ‘earth carving’ as the theme for design, allowing landscape and architecture to blend and present the visitor with a playful journey through discovering its spaces.

Nelson Atkins Museum of Art , Steven Holl

Outdoor Program

Promenade

Playground

Cycling

Riding

Exercise

Unwind

Cultural Program

Music

Theatre

Film

Concerts

Dance

TU Delft Library, Mecanoo

DESIGN STRATEGIES

1 Re-shaping the ground, creating movement in landscape

2 Creating more dynamic and varied landscape scenaries

Vessel 1+2 Design Strategy. Elevation

3 Accessible design, including stairs, ramps, lifts

Integration of environmental & sustainability strategies Function grid

Columns

5 â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Alleesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; leading to and enclosing various atmospheric clusters

Structural grid

Maintaining green open space by designing green accessible sloped roofs

Mixed grid pedestrian routes cycling track

preserving existing sports court

landscaped areas preserving view corridor

superseded replaced with landscape strategy

6 Preserving existing view corridors and vistas

8 Generating an architecture of microclimates and atmospheres

preserving existing allotments

low height low height

The architecture constitutes slopes and steps in the terrain, with spaces set into or above the ground, with the envelope being the tectonic/stereotomic articulation. In seeking to provide the visitor with a real opportunity to find meaning in landscape, the strategy is to move beyond simply naming arbitrarily placed objects in a landscape that are on some level hoped to be culturally relevant or accessible. Rather, by allowing the site to guide the design, the process became an unfolding of the land to find its sedimentation and open up new possibilities to understanding and experiencing its

Through tracing its contours and cutting and moulding the landscape in a process much like carving a sculpture, new patterns gave rise to complex and contextually unique forms and spaces. Place-making became a process of making these spaces comfortable, providing protection from the elements, providing opportunity for resting, moving, connection, gathering, playing, exploring, gazing, reflection and learning.

green space extended on roof

preserving existing landscape feature preserving existing riding school

Overall Strategy developed following UDP diagrams

preserving existing farm

SCHEDULE OF ACCOMMODATION VESSEL 1

VESSEL 2 275m2 25m2 88m2 25m2 37m2

OPEN - AIR THEATRE Info Point Stage + Dressing Rooms Seating WCs [Male, Female, Disabled]

80m2 200m2 100m2 160m (on site) 150m2 60m2 6m2

20m2 160m2 200m2 50m2

xit /e

ss ce ac in po

ac ce

po i

*(3)Outdoor Calysthenics Zone Calisthenics are exercises consisting of a variety of gross motor movements, often rhythmical, generally without using equipment or apparatus, thus in all essence body-weight training. *(4) Year-round Summer Zone perimeter of about 100 m2 defined by a ground temperature which will remain warm throughout the year. Fed by a 20 kW ground/water heat pump, which uses the ground’s energy [temperature between 8-12°C all year round].

stage

VESSEL 4

calysthenics zone

adult playground

services

open air amphitheatre existing sports court

gastro stall

wc wc wc

changing rooms

water play

fitness zone

Rec

children playground + picnic

year-round summer

info point

relaxation rooms

cafe

exhibition

exhibition wc

work-space

library functional relationship

Phase 1: VESSEL 1 & VESSEL 2 Phase 2: VESSEL 3

indoor - outdoor link

auxiliary connection access into site running/ cycling tracks

int

GF+LG

ENTREPRENEURIAL PAVILION Office/Meeting/Workshop Rooms WCs [Male, Female, Disabled] Relaxation rooms [24 hour rooms*(1)] WCs [Male, Female, Disabled] Vertical Circulation Horizontal Circulation 15% of Floor Area

OUTDOOR Picnic Zone Children Playground Year-round Summer Zone*(4) Jogging/Cycling Tracks Water Play Adult Playground On-the-move Gastro Stall*(5) [see S3 Physics, Chemistry and Architecture]

10m2 670m2 400m2 100m2 60m2 40m2 100m2

try

1380m2

VESSEL 3 [landscape integrated]

/en

GF+LG

SPORTS Reception Tennis Court (existing) Gym Fitness Studio Changing Facilities WCs [Male, Female, Disabled] Outdoor Calysthenics Zone*(3)

15m2 120m2 25m2 250m2 250m2 25m2 53m2

ess

MULTI - CULTURAL PAVILION Info Point Cafe WCs [Male, Female, Disabled] Open-plan Exhibition Double-Height Library WCs [Male, Female, Disabled] Vertical Circulation Horizontal Circulation 15% of Floor Area

acc

VESSEL 4

Phase 3: VESSEL 4

PLAN ARRANGEMENT DIAGRAMS

ACCESS POINT 4

landscaped area landscaped area

landscaped area/ arrival

ste am ppe ph d ith ea tre sta ge

ACCESS POINT 4

landscaped area

allotments

wa te

GROUND FLOOR PLAN IN CONTEXT

rf ea tu

sports court

m&e/plant water feature

ACCESS POINT 3

double-height volume theatre services vertical circulation control room

m&e below

community rooms lobby

wa po ter nd

VESSEL 2

m&e below

work-space

landscaped area

public piazza double-height library

landscaped area

landscaped area / arrival

cafe/lounge bar/kitchen restrooms open-plan exhibition

horse riding court

ACCESS POINT 1

main circulation outdoor stage stepped amphitheatre

ROOF PLAN

LOWER GROUND PLAN

green roof

vertical circulation

roof circulation

restrooms relaxation rooms m&e/plant double-height library library desks main circulation

connectin

g tunnel

ACCESS STRATEGY

accessible ramped landscape

Ground Floor + Lower Ground Strategy

Disabled Route Stairs to LG Stairs up

Landscaped Ground Level Stairs terrain Lower Ground Stairs

Elevator 1290x2030mm minimum

Disabled Access Ramp@ 1:12

Entry Points for all Accesses [main entrances with push button power assisted doors for disabled access]

Reception/ Info Point

LG Disabled Route User-defined Route

1 x ambulant disabled wc cubicle in each of M+F

FIRE STRATEGY

Ground Floor Strategy

Assembly Points

Escaping Route

FD 60min fire Emergency rated enclosures Fire Panel

Sprinkler Fire Roof Location Vent

Foam Powder Fire Fire Extinguisher Extinguisher Location Location

Fire Door Refuge 30min [900x1400mm wheelchair]

Notes: Fire detectors would be installed to meet Part B. Emergency Lighting integrated into light fittings to illuminate exit routes in event of fire.

Fire Engine Parking

Maximum Travel Distance

Potential Place of Special Fire Hazard

[for single escape route] However, at least one alternative route is proposed from all the pavilion rooms. Maximum travel distance in two directions: 45m

[outdoor installations, illuminations, fire spectacles, etc]

MEANS OF ESCAPE Table 3 Minimum number of escape routes and exists from a room, tier or storey Maximum number of persons

Minimum number of escape routes/exits

600

more than 600

Table 4 Widths of escape routes and exits Maximum number of persons

Minimum width [mm]

60 110 220 more than 220

750 850 1050 5 per person

Table 6 Minimum widths of escape stairs Situation of stair

1a. In an institutional building [unless the stair will be only used by staff]

Maximum number of people served

1c. In any other building and serving an area with an occupancy of more than 50 2. Any stair not described above

Minimum stair width

150

1000

over 220 50

800

FIRE SAFETY IN THE UK UK Building Regulations-Part B: Fire Safety [vol.1: Dwellinghouses, vol.2: Buildings other than Dwellings B1 B2 B3 B4 B5

Lower Ground Strategy

Means of Warning and Escape Internal Fire Spread [linings] Internal Fire Spread [structure] External Fire Spread Access and Facilities for the Fire Service

Design for horizontal escape

Table 2 Limitations on travel distance

Purpose group

Use of the premises

2[a]

Institutional

Office

Shop and Commercial*[3]

Assembly and recreation: b. areas with seating in rows c. elsewhere

Storage and other non-residential*[5] Normal Hazard Higher Hazard

2-7

Place of special fire hazard*[6]

2-7

Plant room of rooftop plant a. distance within the room b. escape route not in open air (overall travel distance) c. escape route in open air (overall travel distance)

One direction only [m]

Maximum travel distance where travel is possible More than one direction [m]

18*[4]

15 18

32 45

25 12

45 25

9*[7]

18*[7]

9 18 60

35 45 100

Notes:

[3] Maximum travel distances within shopping malls are given in BS 5588: Part 10. Guidance on associated smoke control measures is given in a BRE report Design methodologies for smoke and heat exhaust ventilation [BR 368]. [4] BS 5588: Part 10 applies more restrictive provisions to units with only one exit in covered shopping complexes. [5] In industrial and storage buildings the appropriate travel distance depends on the level of fire hazard associated with the processes and materials being used. Higher hazard includes manufacturing, processing or storage of significant amounts of hazardous goods or materials. [6] Places of special fire hazard are listed in the definitions in Appendix E. [7] Maximum part of travel distance within the room/area. Travel distance outside the room/area to comply with the limits for the purpose group of the building or part.

Fire Signs to be used and illuminated appropriately

ACOUSTIC STRATEGY 6

5 5 5

5 4

2.2 2.1

Lower Ground Strategy

NPPF - Noise. Paragraph 123 Where relevant, Noise Action Plans, and, in particular the Important Areas identified through the process associated with the Environmental Noise Directive and corresponding regulations should be taken into

NPPF - Noise. Paragraph 123 If external amenity spaces are an intrinsic part of the overall design, the acoustic environment of those spaces should be considered so that they can be enjoyed as intended.

Ground Floor Strategy

The sound level in rooms must not interfere with communication or concentration. A value of 35-40 dB(A) is a desirable maximum. Reverberation time is influenced by all the materials in the room and the room volume. From 40 dB(A), a difference of 10 dB(A) indicates a doubling or halving of sound volume. At less than 40 dB(A) even lower changes in sound level are perceived as a doubling of the sound volume.

1. Library Environment with requirement of Low-noise 35dB

Materials noise reduction coefficient Brick Concrete Glass Plaster Steel Terrazzo

2.1 Exhibition 2.2 Relaxation Rooms

3. Outdoor Theatre

Environment with requirement of general noise control 40dB

Environment with requirement of produced noise control

4. Workspace Environment with requirement of general noise control 40dB

[NRC] .00-.05 .00-.20 .05-.10 .05 .00-.10 .00

Potential noise sources on site Leisure: entertainment, sports, leisure, cafe and offices Construction: building, demolition and road works Transport: road traffic, railways, domestic air traffic, military aircraft, delivery vehicles and vehicle alarms Street: loudspeakers, ice cream van chimes, street traders, performers and music festivals

5. Outdoor Programme

6. Residential [existing]

7. Potential Sound Barrier

Environment with requirement of produced noise control

Environment with requirement of general noise control 40dB

Vegetation, acoustic damping surfaces or sound cancellation devices [see Climatic Devices]

MATERIAL RESEARCH

OPAQUE

TRANSLUCENT

TRANSPARENT

LANDSCAPE WOOD

CONCRETE

SAND, GRAVEL, CLAY

VEGETATION

OUTDOOR ATMOSPHERIC INTENT BUILT FORM

CONCRETE

STEEL

GRASS

CONCRETE

STEEL

SAND

POLYCARBONATE

GLASS

V1 MULTI-CULTURAL PAVILION V2 ENTREPRENEURIAL PAVILION V3 OPEN-AIR THREATRE

LANDSCAPE

GLASS

VESSEL 3

VESSEL 1&2

VESSEL 4

MATERIAL RESEARCH Concrete Reinforced concrete is the most common form of concrete. The reinforcement is often steel. Concrete has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion, and as it matures concrete shrinks. The ultimate strength of concrete is influenced by the watercementitious ratio, the design constituents, and the mixing, placement and curing methods employed. Environmental impact The concrete and cement industry has a significant contribution to global warming. Yet the very ubiquity of concrete is indicative of the extent many more people are dependent on its capacity to provide them with a flexible cheap, and durable building material. Other beneficial properties of concrete are its durability, flood resiliance and thermal mass capacity.

Stainless Steel The most important properties of steel are great formability and durability, good tensile and yield strength and good thermal conductivity. As well as these important properties the most characteristic of the stainless steel properties is its resistance to corrosion. Environmental impact 42% of crude steel produced is recycled material. Re-melting proportion of steel scrap is constrained by availability. Availability can sometimes be defined as cost effective recovery. Steel buildings and products are intrinsically demountable. Easily re-usable components include: Piles (sheet and bearing piles), structural members such as hollow sections, and light gauge elements such as purlins.

Polycarbonate Polycarbonate is almost unbreakable. It is many times more impact resistant than any other transparent material used for roofing purposes. Easily worked, molded, and thermoformed. A balance of useful features, including temperature resistance, impact resistance and optical properties. Used to enhance daylighting in architectural design. Environmental impact Polycarbonate sheets can have a service life of over a decade. It can be recycled or it can be disposed of via incineration or landfill, according to local regulations. All polycarbonate sheets destined for building applications are UV-protected. This is achieved by a thin layer of UV-absorbing material that is inextricably bound to the sheet’s surface.

Glass The properties of glass are varied by adding other substances, commonly in the form of oxides, e.g., lead, for brilliance and weight; boron, for thermal and electrical resistance; barium, to increase the refractive index, as in optical glass; cerium, to absorb infrared rays; metallic oxides, to impart color; and manganese, for decolorizing. Environmental impact Glass is the prime ingredient in ‘passive solar’ designed buildings, that harness the heat of the sun to warm structures, without the need for heating systems. Construction glass normally ends up in the landfill and alas only occasionally reused in its original form. Yet while brittle and prone to breakage, undamaged glass can be reused almost indefinitely.

CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLES 12m

HM Revenue & Customs (Gov.UK) - Current UK limits, set out in full in the Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986 (SI 1986/1078), are as follows: WEIGHT

LENGTH

4.95m Type A - Individual Truck

44 tonnes for lorries with 6 axles; drive axles must not exceed 10500 kg and have road friendly suspension. Type A - 12m for an individual truck Type B - 16.5m for an articulated truck and trailer Type C - 18.75m for a road train (lorry+trailer)

16.5m

4.95m Type B - Articulated Truck and Trailer

WIDTH

2.55m excluding driving mirrors

HEIGHT

maximum 4.95m to make maximum use of motorway and trunk road network

18.5m

Note: The maximum module size that can be transported according to UK regulations is 18.5 x 2.55 x 4.95m. The concrete elements will either have to be cast in-situ or constructed from smaller modules which adhere to these sizes in order to be transported, delivered and assembled on site.

When the depth reaches 2.5 metres, NHBC guidance requires that the foundation is engineer-designed. Possible alternatives include rafts or pile and beam foundations, both of which require less excavation and are frequently more appropriate on a constricted sit.

4.95m

Type C - Articulated Truck and Trailer

SITE PREPARATION Erect security fence

airflow cross-ventilation

Internal Columns Aspect

Extra steel columns may be added to support the extended roof envelope

Site cabins setup Services connections Service roads Excavation for foundations @-7.5m

ERECTING THE STRUCTURE Formwork for retaining walls (800mm) Reinforcement for raft foundations and retaining walls Pour concrete for retaining walls and raft foundation Casting Fire Escape stairs and entrance stairs Erection of primary steel columns on lower ground Erection of primary steel beams above lower ground Pour ground level concrete slab Erection of primary steel columns on ground level Erection of primary steel beams above ground level

Precedent Study 1 Olympic Archery -Enric Miralles Precedent inspired principles Steel columns Angled roofs

Roof covering Clossing-off building envelope (curtain walls, blockwork) Erection of internal partitioning walls (blockwork, glass)

Precedent Study 2 TU Delft Library - Mecanoo Precedent inspired Design Ideas Accessible Green Roof

Installations (electrical, sanitary, acoustic) Internal Finishings Door and window frames

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 15%

This section explores the development of the proposed building within the specific conditions of its landscape and its conceptual and structural strategy. The development of this section has been conducted in parallel with the refinement of the environmental and aesthetic qualities desired. This section has been explored sequentially, starting from the primary and secondary structure, and moving on to the building skin and flesh. Outdoor landscape structures have been introduced in this section, as being part of the overall strategy of the project. Details of these have been presented in more detail in Section 3 and have also been included in the GA drawings.

BUILDING COMPONENTS

C12 Roof Envelope

+ C11 External Curtain Wall Glazing

+ C10 Adding ground Partitioning Walls

C6 Steel I-beams to complete lower ground frame structure

+ C5 Lower Ground Steel Columns [columns outside the foundation slab have individual piled foundations]

+ C4 Lower Ground Partitioning Walls

Schedule of components: C1 - Foundations 250mm Reinforced Concrete Slabs on Raft Foundations [see Groundwork and Foundations] C2 - Tunnel + Secret Room Tunnel - 300mm Reinforced Concrete Retaining Walls + Interior Brick Claddding [see A1 sheet] Secret Room - 300mm Reinforced Concrete Retaining Walls + Interior Stone Cladding [see A1 sheet] C3 - Retaining Walls + Stairs 300mm Reinforced Concrete Retaining Walls + Reinforced Concrete Stairs and Ramps. Apparent concrete finish. [see GA 00 sheet]

+ C9 Steel I-beams to complete ground floor frame structure [supporting roof]

C4 - Interior Parti Walls 150mm Interior Partitioning Blockwork Walls + 450mm Special Feature Walls [rammed earth, stone]

C3 Lower Ground retaining walls + stairs and ramps [leading to Ground Floor]

C5 - Primary Structure Steel Column 323.9 CHS 10 S275 [note double height columns for double height spaces] C6 - Primary Structure 610 x 305 UB 149, Grade S275

+ C8 Ground Floor Steel Columns

+ C7 Composite deck [Slimdek]

C7 - Slimdek Composite Decking System [see Steel Frame and Floors]

C8 - Primary Structure Steel Column 323.9 CHS 10 S275

C2 Underground tunnel + secret room [connecting Vessel 1 to Vessel 2]

+ C1 Foundations

C9 - Primary Structure 610 x 305 UB 149, Grade S275 C10 - Interior Partitioning Walls 150mm Interior Partitioning Blockwork Walls + Interior Glass Walls [varies] C11 - External Curtain Wall Glazing Systems [see Glass Components ]

C12 - Roof Envelope - Mixed System Precast Concrete Panels supporting green roof [see GA 04 ] Lightweight Polycarbonate sheets highlight unaccessible roof zones and bring daylight into the spaces. [see GA 04 ]

CONSTRUCTION PHASES SITE PREPARATION

Erect security fence Site cabins setup ERECTING THE CONSTRUCTION 2

Services connections Service roads

P13 Exterior Curtain Walls

Excavation for foundations @-7.5m

P12 Interior Partitioning Walls

P12 Roof Envelope

P11 Steel I-Beams

P10 Steel Columns

P9 External Stairs

P8 Slimdek

P7 Steel I-Beams

P6 Interior Partitioning Walls P5 Underground Tunnel Roof P4 Underground Tunnel Walls P3 Steel Columns

P2 Underground Retaining Walls P1 Raft Foundations

GROUNDWORK AND FOUNDATIONS NHBC Chapter 4.1 - Managing Ground Conditions The client must provide certain information to contractors before work begins. This should include relevant information on:

A Retaining Wall to Raft Foundation [applies to all retaining walls on lower ground]

Ground conditions Underground structures or water courses Location of existing services.

Reinforced Concrete Retaining Wall 300mm

Steel Column 323.9 CHS 10 S275 Steel Bolts Steel Plate 50mm

This information should be used to during the planning and preparation for excavation work. NHBC 4.1.2 Initial Assessment - Key Information sources: The Environment Agency The Local Authority - Lambeth Council British Geological Survey Ordnance Survey Coal Authority Utility Companies Soil Survey Maps NHBC 4.2 Raft Foundations

Steel Reinforcement bars [latitudinal] 450x450mm depth RC+thickening

Steel Reinforcement bars [longitudinal] Reinforced Concrete Slab 250mm Extra reinforcement bars for RC thickenings

DPC [Damp Proof Course] above Concrete Slab

Designed in accordance to Tehnical Requirements R5 Raft founded on granular infill placed and fully compacted in layers in accordance with engineer specifications Raft is rectangular in plan with side ratio of no more than 2:1

B Stepped Raft Foundation [applies to tunnel sloped ground foundation]

Quarry stone paving to tunnel path sitting on steel mesh grille over stream bed [see Detail Drawings]

DPC [Damp Proof Course] above Concrete Fill

Foundation depth derived in accordance with Clause 4.2.7, and is less than 2.5m Extra reinforcement bars for stepped foundation

NHBC 4.2 Steps in Foundations Where foundations are to be stepped, they should be stepped gradually, with no step exceeding 0.5m

Steel Reinforcement [latitudinal]

NHBC 4.2 Building near trees [levels from which foundations depths are measured where trees or hedgerows are proposed] proposed tree

Steel Reinforcement [longitudinal] Reinforced Concrete Slab 250mm

proposed tree

l origina

ground

e level lin

C Steel Column to Raft Foundation [applies to all columns meeting raft foundation] Steel Column 323.9 CHS 10 S275 M24 grade 8.8 Bolts S275 Steel Plate 15mm

Use the lower of: a. minimum foundation depth b. foundation depth based on mature height of tree

Account shall be taken of the following British Standards: BS EN 1992. Eurocode 2: ‘Design of Concrete Structures’ and BS EN 1997. Eurocode 7: ‘Geotechnical Design’

DPC [Damp Proof Course] above Concrete Slab Steel Reinforcement bars [latitudinal] Steel Reinforcement bars [longitudinal]

Axonometric projection showing location of foundation typologies

Apparent Concrete Finish [see Detail Drawings]

Reinforced Concrete Slab

D Steel Column to Footing and Pile Foundation [applies to freestanding columns not meeting raft foundation] C

Steel Column 323.9 CHS 10 S275

S275 Steel Plate 15mm M24 grade 8.8 Bolts

Ground Beam 600x450mm

B A

Concrete Pile 200mm [pile depth to engineer’s design]

STEEL FRAME AND FLOORS Slimdek® [trademark of Corus] Slimdek® comprises an ASB steel section contained within the depth of the slab. It supports deep profiled floor decking. Ties run perpendicular to the beams. The major advantage of Slimdek® construction is that the beams are contained within the floor depth. This reduces the overall height of the floor structure, and can improve service integration. Asymmetric beams (ASB) are hot rolled sections where the bottom flange is wider than the top flange. Spans of up to 9 m are possible. Some ASB sections have been proportioned so that they can achieve up to 60 minutes fire resistance without applied fire protection. Approximate structural sizing PRIMARY BEAMS Maximum span 9 m Beam depth Span/30 Composite slab spans up to 9 m ROOF BEAMS (RAFTERS) Typical span 20-50 m Beam depth Span/60 COLUMNS Column depth 1.25 x roof beam Width as UB sections

1 Slimdek axonometric junction detail ASB Steel Section [bottom flange wider] Concrete

Deep Deck 3

CONNECTIONS

Quicon™ connection The Quicon™ connection uses a special connector component that eliminates the need for onsite bolting. It can be used for beam to column or beam to beam connections. The supporting member, either a beam or column, is fitted with a fabricated tee piece using ordinary structural bolts. The tee piece is fabricated with key-hole shaped slots. The special connector is bolted to the supported beam prior to erection. Using this type of connection improves the speed of erection, which results in reduced construction costs. Safety on-site is also improved, as site operatives spend less time aloft and do not need to carry equipment with them. 3 C O N N E C T I O N S

Quicon™ connection Beam to Beam

2 Steel The Column to Steel I-beam junction detailconnector Quicon™ connection uses a special

component that eliminates the need for onsite bolting. It Steel Column can be used for beam to column or323.9 beamCHS to 10 beam S275 connections. The supporting member, either a beam or column, is fitted with a fabricated tee piece using ordinary structural bolts. The tee piece is fabricated with grade 8.8 Bolt key-hole shaped slots. The special M24 connector is bolted to the supported beam prior to erection. Steel I-Beam

KEY Quicon™ connection 1 2 3 4 5

610 x 305 UB 149, Grade S275

Axonometric projection showing location of steel components connections

Using this type of connection improves the speed of erection, which results in reduced construction costs. Safety on-site is also improved, as site operatives spend less time aloftSpigot and dodetail not need to carry equipment with Roof Steel Beams them.

Steel I-Beam Tee Piece 610 x 305 Fabricated UB 149, Grade S275 1 Tee piece [inclined in y 2 Connector bolts direction]

Special Connector

Fabricated Tee Piece Fabricated Tee Piece

Special Connector

Beam to Column

1 Tee piece 2 Connector bolts

KEY Steel I-Beam 610 x 305 UB 149, Grade1 Tee piece 2 S275 2 Connector bolts 1 [inclined in x direction] 3 Special connectors 4 Column Steel Column Steel I-Beam 5 Supported beam 323.9 CHS 10 S275 1 610 x 305 UB 1 Keyhole slot 149, Grade S275 2 Special connector [inclined in x 2 direction]

Special Connector

4 Tee piece The Quicon™ Supporting beam connection uses a special connector component Connector boltsthat eliminates the need for onsite bolting. It canconnectors be used for beam to column or beam to beam Special 5 connections. Special connectors Supporting beamThe supporting member, either a beam or column,beam is fitted with a fabricated tee piece using Supported 3 ordinary structural bolts. The tee piece is fabricated with key-hole connector is bolted to Tee shaped piece slots. The special 2 the supported beam prior to erection. 1 Connector bolts Using this type of connection improves the speed of erection,beam which results in reduced construction costs. Supported Safety on-site is also improved, as site operatives spend less time aloft and do not need to carry equipment with them.

1 2 3 4 5

K 2

1 2 3 4 5

1 Keyhole slot

Tee piece 2 Special connector 3 2 Keyhole slot Special connector 2 1 Connector bolts

Steel-to-concrete connection

Many 8 building and refurbishment projects require structural connections between steelwork and concrete construction. For example, a multi-storey building with Many building and refurbishment projects require a steel frame may rely on a concrete core for stability; this requires fixings to be made between KEY the steelwork structural connections between steelwork and concrete Steel Columns Steel Beams Steel Joists Shear Walls 4 and the concrete. 3 1 Steel beam construction. For example, a multi-storey building with Hollow Section I - section I - section Reinforced Concrete 5 2 are Concrete wall For new construction, connections usually made a steel frame may rely on a concrete core for stability; 323.9 CHS 10 fixings 610 xto305 UB between 610 xthe 305steelwork UB 250mm using a steel bracket, which can be 3 Bracket to beam cast intowelded the concrete this requires be made 1the steelwork. 4 Reinforcement bracket clamp element prior to erection of Care should S275 149, Grade 149, Grade [elevator shaft, and the concrete. 5 Connecting rod be taken to ensure that the connection can be made S275 S275 emergency staircase, quickly and safely during erection and sufficient For new construction, connections are usually made 6 Shims on grout bed entrance walls] 7 adjustment is provided to meet erection 7 Sheartolerances. connector* using a steel bracket, which can be cast into the concrete 8 Local additional reinforceme element prior to erection of the steelwork. Care should In refurbishment work, connections to existing concrete *Option, do not omit both 4& structures6 can present particular difficulties. Post-drilled be taken to ensure that the connection can be made expanding anchors or resin anchors are commonly used, quickly and safely during erection and sufficient but these must be positioned so that they do not clash adjustment is provided to meet erection tolerances. with reinforcing bars. This may mean that slotted holes are required in the fixing bracket or the fixing bracket In refurbishment work, connections to existing concrete must be fabricated after suitable locations for the post structures can present particular difficulties. Post-drilled 2 drill anchors are determining on site. expanding anchors or resin anchors are commonly used,

PRIMARY Steel-to-concrete connection

5.3

Retaining Walls 450 mm Reinforced Concrete [dotted line shows lower ground level]

SECONDARY

TERTIARY

5.3

2.7

5.3

but these must be positioned so that they do not clash with reinforcing bars. This may mean that slotted holes are required in the fixing bracket or the fixing bracket must be fabricated after suitable locations for the post drill anchors are determining on site.

STUDIO GUIDE 5.3

4.8 5.3

STUDIO GUIDE

5.3

2.8

5.3

2.5

5.3 5.3 5.3

5.3

2.5

Construction Gridlines and Structural Hierarchy

5.3

5.3 2.8 5.3

GLASS COMPONENTS NHBC Chapter 6.9 Curtain Walling A form of enclosure that supports no load other than its own weight and the environmental forces that act upon it , e.g. wind, water and solar.

1 Interior partitioning coloured glass walls [split-time cafe © Philippe Rahm] Colours chosen from British Standards BS 5252 - a framework of 237 colours

6.9.4 Loads Calculated in accordance with BS EN 1991-1-1 and BS EN 1991-1-4 and taking into account internal and external pressure , the location, shape and size of building. 6.9.5 Support and Fixings Manufactured from BS EN ISO 3506 Stainless Steel 6.9.8 Insulation Cellular Glass BS EN 13167 Other materials - Technical Requirement R3

28% 28% 56%

Envelope of Blue Glass

Envelope of Clear Glass

Envelope of Yellow Glass

Floor area comparison of cafe

2 External Curtain Wall Glazing System Type A [Eastern and Western Elevations] Faceted glass panels system which refracts light and images, rendering the facade an abstract surface, where contextual images such as trees, people, buildings and the weather are fragmeneted upon the glass.

6.9.17 Curtain Walling Acoustic performance Weather resistance Thermal bridging condensation Air Infiltration Opening doors and lights Off-site testing Site testing NHBC Chapter 6.7 Glazing Glass should comply with British Standards: BS 6262 Code of Practice for Glazing in Buildings BS EN 1279 Insulating glass units BS EN 12150 Toughened glass 6.7.7 Glazing Systems To allow moisture to drain away, glazing systems should have: Adequate drainage and ventilation through holes, slots or channels The edge seal of the insulating glass unit adequately protected

Barkow Leibinger Architects‘ Trutec Building

Faceted glass pattern

A user-interactive, activated by motions sensors is integrated within the Curtain Wall System. [see Facade Animation in S3]

Section describing movement

3 External Curtain Wall Glazing System Type B [Southern and Northern Elevations +Entrance glass walls]

Dow corning structural glazing sealant

Sectional perspective

Polished stainless steel fin

Axonometric projection showing location of curtain systems and glazing typologies

Insulated glass unit, tempered on ground floor Polished stainless full threaded rod and cap nut on polished stainless steel plate

3 1

Slotted hole in fin for vertical differential movement between aluminium and stainless steel Bracket bolted to fin with flush threaded stainless steel bolt Polished stainless steel horizontal bracket

Horizontal aluminium profile

Galvanized steel grill Galvanized steel angle support

3 Aluminium flushing

Concrete floor slab

60x277mm timber hand rail Steel balustrade Glass balustrade panel

Axonometric projection showing location of glass balustrades on sloped roofs

Promenade and Picnic Zone [1/20 slope]

4 Glass Balustrade © Balmond Studio [on sloping, accessible roofs] The faceted panes of glass in pastel tones of blue, green, yellow and pink, cast coloured shadows onto the surface of the roof walkway. A delicate web of carbon steel with bespoke circular fixing points anchor the panels of coloured glass.

Light embedded underneath balustrade

Axonometric Projection

Roof climbing zone [steeper angle]

Frontal view

Section

Plan

OUTDOOR PLAY TERMINALS Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 3rd edition [landscapeinstitute.org]

Landscape Design Intent • Provide an environment for plants and animals • Allow the setting for day to day lives - for living, working and recreation • Provide opportunities for aesthetic enjoyment • Generate a sense of place which in turn can contribute to individual, local and national identity • Maintain continuity with the past through its relative permanence and its role in acting as a cultural record of the past • Provide a source of memories and associations, which in turn may contribute to wellbeing • Be inspirational for learning, as well as for art and other forms of creativity

Amorphous concrete recreational space [dynamic terminal A]

Frontal view Hole-in-wall surface

Type A: Waldpark Potsdam, Germany

In addition landscape can bring economic benefits by providing an essential resource for recreation and tourism and also by its now known impact on health and well being.

Jetcrete concrete surface

Ground Floor Plan showing location of play terminals

C & A

Playground court

B Rendered top view

D B

Spiraling steel canopy above stepped amphiteatre [environmental terminal play B]

Type B: Diagonal Mar Park, Barcelona

F Frontal view E Linear Mist Feature [atmospheric terminal play E]

F Dancing Fountain [water terminal play F]

Curling red concrete strips [sculptural terminal play C]

Frontal view

Top view

D Folded benches on water line [water terminal play C]

Night-time: coloured water effect

Type F: Central Saint Martin, London

Type D: The Pentagon Memorial, USA

Night-time: light fixture

Axonometric view

Day-time: water feature

DETAIL DRAWING 1

Structural Element Axis/ Corresponding Gridline

323.9 CHS 10 S275 steel column 250mm reinforced concrete slab with A393 mesh top and bottom, top cover 30mm, bottom cover 50mm vapour barrier Raised floor support

50mm thermal/impact sound insulation

Paving slab

M24 grade 8.8 stainless steel bolts

S275 steel plate 15mm

450mm reinforced concrete retaining wall with 1No T8 bar in each pocket, bent and tied into bottom mesh

60mm core insulation

50mm blinding

DPM [damp proof membrane]

150mm hardcore, compacted Grill Insulation

60mm screed with underfloor heating Steel deck vapour barrier 20mm natural stone slab

50mm thermal/impact sound insulation 250 reinforced concrete slab with A393 mesh top and T12 barst @ 200c/c bottom. Top cover 30mm, bottom cover 50mm

Starter bar from foundation to retaining wall to be H10 â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; shaped bars, centres to match reinforcement from retaining wall. Starter bars to be tied to bottom reinforcement

50mm blinding 150mm hardcore, compacted

Foundation reinforcement to have 50mm bottom, top and side cover

DPM [damp proof membrane] 550mm wide x 550mm deep mass concrete foundation with A393 mesh top and bottom. Exact depth to be agreed with building control officer

DT-01- Raft Foundation to Retaining Wall + Retaining Wall to Steel Column @ 1:10

DETAIL DRAWINGS 2+3

Painted aluminium mechanical grill

25mm steel plates welded to form 89mm legs Insulated glass unit with high performance low E-coating Stainless steel curtain wall drain Painted aluminium cap DT

DT-02- Typical Plan Curtain Wall Detail at Corner @ 1:5

Insulated glass unit with high performance low E-coating

Painted aluminium extrusion coped to column flange beyond Insulation

50mm thermal/impact sound insulation Raised floor support

Painted aluminium framing Continous curtain wall drain with stainless steel grill

Paving slab

Vapour barrier

Painted aluminium linear diffuser grill

Gravel

Stainless steel Polished path edge granite paving

450mm reinforced concrete retaining wall with 1No T8 bar in each pocket, bent and tied into bottom mesh [hatched] 323.9 CHS 10 S275 steel column M24 grade 8.8 stainless steel bolts S275 steel plate 15mm

50mm blinding

DPM [damp proof membrane]

600 x 450mm reinforced concrete ground beam DPM [damp proof membrane] Insulation

150mm hardcore, compacted

Egg crate waterproofing

250mm reinforced concrete slab with A393 mesh top and bottom, top cover 30mm, bottom cover 50mm

DT-03- Outermost point of Glass Curtain Wall + Steel Column to Piled Foundation @ 1:10

DETAIL DRAWING 4 Polycarbonate roof panels Roof support purlins Water barrier membrane

Stainless steel gutter assembly 610 x 305 Hollow Section coated for fire protection 4No M24 Grade 8.8 bolts

Aluminium flashing

610 x 305 Hollow Section

8mm fillet weld

Roof build up comprised of: 80mm natural stone 100mm thick cement-stabilized gravel 30mm slurry top layer with embedded lightning conductor grid 3mm felt layer 2 layers of 100mm extruded polystyrene 50mm stone wool insulation Triple layer of 10mm asphalt membrane

Extruded aluminium drainable louvre with electric actuator

Corrugated perforated metal sheet

150mm precast concrete hollow panels

Rotating LED light fixture

4No M24 Grade 8.8 bolts 610 x 305 UB 149, Grade S275 steel I-beam 8mm fillet weld

DPM [damp proof membrane] Painted gypsum board ceiling on suspended runner 323.9 CHS 10 S275 steel column Light fixtures integrated in ceiling system Suspended ceiling system from expanded stainless steel mesh over galvanized steel profiles over acoustic absorber

DT-04 - Split Roof with Window, Louvre and Ceiling Systems @ 1:10

BUILDING PERFORMANCE 30%

UDP 2.1.12. Environment Lambeth has a shortage of open space and problems of noise and pollution. Lambeth has 60 conservation areas which makes approximately one third of the borough green. There are 450 protected trees in the borough, and 8 historic parks and gardens. The whole borough is in an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA). 90% of Lambethâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Air pollution is from vehicles and the main pollutants of concern are Nitrogen Dioxide, Fine Particulates, Carbon Monoxide and Volatile Organic Compounds.

PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY AND ARCHITECTURE

CONVECTION Vessels as convective shapes

Note: The concepts and their application have been inspired by the study of Philippe Rahm’s work

Depending on the intensity of physical activity and the thickness of clothing, the temperature doesn’t have to be the same in every room. Related to physical and behavioural thermal figures, the architecture proposed is shaped into different depths and heights, using the tilted roofs. The vessels become thermal landscapes with different temperatures, where the visitor can wander around like in a natural landscape, looking for specific thermal qualities related to the season or the moment of the day. By deforming the shape of the roofs, different heights of the spaces are created with different temperatures. The deformation of the roof also gives the building its outward appearance.

EVAPORATION Architecture of water

The architecture is a plastic and poetic consequence of sustainable development applied to the building which leads to the development of climatic techniques of the building with the objective to decrease by a factor 8 the release of greenhouse gases responsible for the global warming. The management of humidity rates led by sustainable development is transfigured in this project. Hourly air renewal, humidity rate management, temperature stratification, these themes are developed independently until they reveal their plastic and sensual qualities.

PRESSURE Architecture of air

The architectural design is the articulation of the movement of air as an inhabitable airflow. The project is developed according to the requirements of airflow management [automatic ventilation of fresh air with heat recovery], so as to reduce, by a factor of 8, the building’s energy consumption. Architecture is designed as the continuous movement of air, whose streams join together to shape the mass of air moving through space.

Sketches of human anatomy © Philippe Rahm 6

Our “endothermic” condition: the necessity of maintaining a body temperature at 37°Celsius. Architecture exists because of the enzymes necessary for the biochemical reactions of the human metabolism. The first signs of architecture are physiological and totally internal and autonomous, to perspire if it is too warm or to shiver if it is too cold. They are the first answers to a rise or a reduction of the body temperature due to an unfavorable thermal environment. Then, in the simplest way, the most rudimentary gestures come, that to drink if it is too warm to lower temperature by evaporation, or to eat if it is too cold to launch the combustion process of nutriments which will produce some heat in the body.

CONDUCTION Dilation of functions throughout the site

The proposal dilates the architecture on the site, dispersing the functions and its layout over the whole of the site, selecting particular places for their particular climates. The architecture is no longer a compact and closed object; it bursts, disseminating its layout and its spaces in different locations over the site, multiplying the views, the situations, the sites, the atmospheres and the climates. The whole has a center [public piazza] and sides, to the North, the South, the East and the West and the functions follow these sides.

RADIATION Split time cafe - constructed temporalities A machine to cross the time, to pass instantly from the day to the night, to shift from the naturalness to the artificial in a fragment of second. The first temporality, taken in an envelope of clear glass, is, in real time, the time of the natural solar course. Classic furniture of a café is there, tables and chairs. 1

Envelope of Clear Glass

DIGESTION @ On-the-move Gastro Stall Architecture of human body

Envelope of Clear Glass The second temporality is built with a yellow colored glass envelope, blocking the wavelengths of the light responsible for the fall of the melatonin in the body.

Envelope of Yellow Glass

The third temporality is defined by an envelope of blue glass of which wavelengths block the secretion of the melatonin in the body. It is thus a kind of perpetual day, for action, which becomes a bar, with high tables only, where customers stay upright for short stays. It reproduces a true physiological night while being luminous. Furniture is here closer to a lounge and approaches the sofa to the bed.

Envelope of Blue Glass

USER CONTROL AND TECHNOLOGY AUGMENTATION TECHNOLOGICAL AUGMENTATION WHAT? Modelling structural features of the environment into interactive systems by means of sensing devices. HOW? Embed technology within the built structure of the space, making the environment itself sensitive [and responsive] to different forms of human behaviour. The central aspect is the design and implementation of an adequate infrastructure in order to endow the space with sensors, input/output units and communication and networking devices. Such systems are able to sense - to some extent - features of the environment [e.g. light, temperature, presence and movements of people]and to feed a representation of this data into the system itself. The sensing devices can be embedded into and located around the physical environment and they can often communicate with wearable appliances placed on the bodies of the space’s inhabitants and visitors [Gellersen, Beigl and Schmidt, 2000] ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY [related to user-interactive architecture] “Behavior in relation to a physical setting is dynamically organised: a change in any component of the setting has varying degrees of effects on all other components in that setting, thereby changing the characteristics behavior pattern of the setting as awhole” [Proshansky, 1969:32] THE FACADE AS AN INTERFACE In this project, the relationship between the inside of the buildings and the external environment is mediated primarily through the facade, which also becomes one key user-interactive device. The properties of the facade can be modified using the User Control Panels. The diagram do the right illustrates the multitude of parameteres which can be regulated solely through the design of the facade.

Facade

Interior Illuminance 300lx average

Glare

Glazing fraction

Solar radiation

Solar control glass

Max. 1,000 W/m^2 Clear sky 50,000 lx Overcast sky 10,000 lx

Field of vision 1:10

Light redirection

Visual reference

Glare protection

Prospect > 30m

Room temp.

Thermal insulation

Winter 22°C, Summer 28°C

Insulation glazing

Inner surface temp.

Exterior

Outside air temp. Outdoor air = 25-35°C

Thermal storage

Supply air temp. Winter 19-40° C Summer max 28° C

Decentralised equipment

Air changes

Window ventilation

30 m^3/h person

Air quality 0.05-0.5 decipol Co2 content 350-800ppm Dust

Air quality 0.7-2.5 decipol CO2 content < 1,500ppm

Noise loading

Sound insulation

Sound sources

Max. sound level 30-45 dB(A)

Sound absorption

External noise level 30-90 dB(A)

Air speed

Wind attenuation

Wind

v<0.2 m/s

v=0-25m/s

The facade as an interface

MEDIA ARCHITECTURE The Internet, participation, urban screens and mediaarchitecture are transforming architecture into a media-informational device. Through social networks, wi-fi spots, urban screens, portable media, locative media. the contemporary city of London is crisscrossed with interconnected communication flows. With all this actively mapped, the citizen is a user able to observe and participate, but also a user that is observed at the same time. Considering the brief of my project and the intention to create a playful, dynamic and user-interactive environment, I believe integrating media technologies within the building envelope would help achieve this goal.

Glass doors signalling opening and closure

Internal Walls suggesting change of activity

Artwork display animating when motion occurs

Social media screen displaying visitor database

Glass facade suggesting activity in the building and reacting to motion

RAINWATER HARVESTING AND GREEN ROOFS BUILT-IN-PLACE GREEN ROOFING Vegetation

The assembly consists of a roofing system [waterproofing component] and a vegetated system [drainage, root barrier, soil, plants]. This system is constructed on-site, using a drainage layer, filter fabric, root barrier soil and plants. Colorwise, it starts brown and turns green.

Matched Precipitation Irrigation Heads

Growing Media Filter Layer Drainage Layer Protection Fabric Root Barrier Insulation

Capped-off T-fitting UV resistant Pipe to support Heads with Belled ends SCH 40 PVC

Waterproofing Roof deck

Extensive green roof depth 15.25cm

Planting Irrigation System - Sub-irrigation

Planting System - mixed planting Contrasting blends of complementary species with different strengths create an interesting design, biodiversity, optimum aesthetics and long-term health. Plants must be drought-resistant. The plants that work best in this type of roof must be water-conservers [in opposite of water sources].

Pipe Assembly laid upon Surface of LiveRoof Modules

Irrigation System: Sub-irrigation

A 2

Exploded axonometry showing location of services and green roof-build up

B to supply 5

3 to supply

A Rainwater Tank - primary B Rainwater Tank - secondary 1 Stopcocks 2 Bomb 3 Retention Valve 4 Flotating Opening Mechanism 5 Cleaning Valve

Rainwater Harvesting + Power Generation Water Harvesting + Recycling RAINWATER HARVESTING

High water retention • Run-off attenuation reduces sewer overflows Improves environment • Creates a beneficial monoclimate by cooling and humidifying the surrounding air. • Absorbs greenhouse gases. • Absorbs air pollution and dust. • Reduces the heat island effect, which is the main cause of ozone production Habitat for animals and plants Building fabric • Protects the roof from mechanical damage and ultra violet radiation – thus extending the roof life. • Can provide extra insulation [See article about the National Research Council Canada research] • Reduces noise levels Can use recycled materials • Many of the materials used in green roof construction are manufactured from recycled building materials, plastics and rubber reducing landfill disposal.

Sanitary Use - Toilet Flushing 4

Accent Plants • Sedum cauticola “Sunset Cloud” • Sedum “Vera Jameson” BENEFITS

Dancing Fountain Reservoir [see Detail below]

Base plants, randomly mixed • Sedum acre “Aureum” • Sedum album “Chloroticum” • Sedum reflexum “Sunsplash” • Sedum reflexum “Moonshine”

Rainfall on roof

Rainwater Harvesting + Power Generation Micro Hydro Power and Potable Water Rainfall on roof Sand Filter

Grey Water

Black Water

5m head Sand Filter

Water for irrigation

Septic Tank

Battery

WATER RECYCLING

Generator

Crosflow turbine

MICRO HYDRO POWER

Sand Filter

Storage Tank Potable Water

RAINWATER HARVESTING

Green Roofs’ by Hassell and Coombes, CIBSE Knowledge Series: KS11, 2007 RAINWATER HARVESTING Water Distribution Pipes Plastics or stainless steel pipes are commonly specified such as thermoplastics to BS 7291 - which include polyethylene, polybutylene and PVC - and stainless steel to German and US standards. Pipework is expected to have a service life of more than 50 years. Copper pipe should be to EN 1057. To prevent the risk of copper pipes corroding because of organic material and the acidity of rainwater, organic material should be filtered out and the system be flushed with mains water. This should be done before using rainwater, to allow formation of a protective patina lining to the pipes. Water storage tanks Typically tanks are made from plastics such as high– density polyethylene or glass reinforced plastics to BS 4994 or concrete [precast or in situ] and may be located below ground or above. Galvanised steel tanks lined with butyl rubber are used above ground in industrial or agricultural applications. Underground tanks would have a service life in excess of 60 years. Above ground tanks require space but have much reduced installation costs - however, plastics, exposed to weathering and solar radiation would have a considerably reduced service life of 20 – 30 years.

10 1

13 11

Public Plaza Dancing Fountain Section Detail

1 Paver spacers 2 Concrete encasement 3 Removable pavers 4 Waterproofing layer 5 Composite fibre reinforced plastic and steel I-beam 6 Compacted aggregate 7 Compacted soil 8 Fountain manifold 9 Water spray jets 10 Water spray 11 Submersible pumps 12 Concrete H-beam located to avoid pump locations 13 Vertically positioned H-beam mechanically fastened to reservoir slab with fibre-reinforced plastic plate and anchor bolts

12 9

6 5

Public Plaza Dancing Fountain Plan Detail 1 Fibre reinforced plastic transverse support beam 2 Fibre-reinforced plastic vertical H-beam 3 Spray jet layout 4 Fountain mechanical equipment 5 Concrete H-beam located to avoid pump locations 6 Concrete wall to fountain edge

Noe: All installations need to comply with the Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations 1999 in England and Wales. The Building Regulations parts G and H apply. British Standards BS8515:2009 Rainwater Harvesting Systems Code of Practice.

LOW ENERGY MIXED-MODE VENTILATION A natural ventilation concept was developed for Vessels 1 and 2. The aerodynamic behaviour of the building is improved by the shape and inclination of the roof envelope, which resembles a landing flap of an aircraft. Through the use of wind forces and the creation of regenerative heat and cold, the building achieves a good room climate and good ventilation with the use of very little energy. Ventilation and room-climate concept for summer The supply air is introduced into the space through an earth pipe and is precooled. Wind forces acting on the roof remove air from the building naturally through the ventilation openings in the roof. The surface heating systems are cooled with groundwater in the summer to create a comfortable room climate. The canopy produces shading and a suction zone on the roof of the building. This suction zone can help through-ventilate the building. Ventilation and room-climate concept for winter The building is designed to make as much use of regenerative energy as possible in order to minimise the heating energy demand. Supply air is preheated in an earth pipe, which allows extensive air exchange to take place with low ventilation heat losses. Room conditioning is performed by a surface heating system, which works very efficiently with a heat pump fed with groundwater. The waste energy contained in the exhaust air is recovered using an exhaust heat pump and stored in the surface heating system. To leave move freely air, ceilings are most of the time specially designed slatted with a percentage of full-blank range depending on the needs of the program. The sound is monitored by insulation placing in the thickness of the beams. The outer envelope of the building, perfectly isolated, contained this climate, this global atmosphere in which floors and walls never block movements of air and creating a global thermal landscape in the entire volume. Indoor air velocity With effective cross-ventilation, average internal air speeds can reach 60%, and the max speed 120%. If there is no cross-ventilation, the average may only be 15%.

Ventilation Concept for a Summer Day [Natural ventilation driven by wind] The ground floor level benefits from cross ventilation and stack ventilation through the operable panels in the roof envelope. The lower ground level benefits from a ceiling integrated mechanical ventilation system with groundwater cooling.

Ventilation concept for a Summer Night [Natural ventilation permited through building envelope] Ventilation is achieved through the lower part of the curtain wall systems and stack ventilation is allowed through leaving the operable panels in the roof envelope open during the night. The mechanical ventilation system is not in use for energy saving purposes.

Ventilation concept for a Winter Day [Natural ventilation + Mechanical Ventilation] During winter, to prevent heat-loss, ventilation on ground level is achieved mainly through mechnical ventilation system with groundwater cooling. The building envelope contributes to ventilation, through the lower part of the curtain wall systems and the operable panels in the roof envelope. The lower ground level benefits only from mechanical ventilation system.

Mechanical Ventilation. Minimum ventilation rates in Breathing Zone (*) Category Occupant Density Combined outdoor air rate Exhibition 25 7.4 L/s.person Ventilation concept for a Winter Night [Natural ventilation permited through building Cafeteria

100

4.7 L/s.person

Conference/meeting

3.1 L/s.person

Lobbies

5.5 L/s.person

Reception areas

3.5 L/s.person

Libraries

8.5 L/s.person

envelope] During winter nights, to prevent heat-loss, ventilation on ground level is achieved only through the lower part of the curtain wall systems. with the operable panels in the roof envelope kept closed.

Natural ventilation Flow calculation (Cross flow) Inlet area as Wind speed mph % of floor area [perpendicular] 5 5 10 2.5 15 1.5 20 1.25 1 mph=0.45m/s Simplified: 40 L/s per m2

Sample Calculation - Conference Room Vessel 2 Width 7.95m2 Length 7.95m2 Height 4.00m Required Ventilation Fan Resistance - estimated Required pressurisation Winter min Summer max Internal design Lowest Internal design Highest

1.5 ac/h 600Pa 50pa 2 20.6 22 25

U-Value Equipment gains Other gains Duct Vol. Duct Vel.

5 10 kW 5kkW 0.11m3/s 4m/s

Airloss

0.07m3/s

Supply airflow Typ. Fan powe Heat loss infilt. Winter heating load Square Duct

0.105m3/s 0.08kW 2.55kW 27.83kW 173mmxmm

Airflow movement on ground level

Airflow movement on lower ground level

NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL LIGHT REQUIREMENTS

Natural Lighting Summer Day

Natural Lighting Winter Day

Ground Floor

Lower Ground

No direct sunlight exposure

Artificial Lighting Summer Night

Artificial Lighting Winter Night

Ground Floor

Lower Ground

The Natural Lighting diagrams for summer and winter days illustrate the distribution of natural daylight throughout the rooms which have direct exposure to sunlight through glazing and/or roof. The buildings’ main facades have been oriented towards East [Vessel 1], and West [Vessel 2], making use of the low angle, morning and afternoon sun. The elevations exposed to the North benefit from highly insulated curtain wall glazing, which prevent heat loss. The facades oriented to the South benefit from solar control glazing, which help reduce the solar gain and the light transmittance through glazing. The rooms which do not require exposure to direct sunlight [restrooms, plant rooms, elevator shafts, emergency stairs] are shown in silver. The distribution of daylight respects the maintained illuminance levels recommended in CIBSE Guide A, according to room types. [see table below] Artificial Lighting is required not only during summer and winter nights, but also during summer and winter days on the lower ground, which is embedded in the ground, and can only receive light from the rooms above in the double height spaces. [library] lx 500

During the night, artificial lighting is employed to create an ambient environment with certain focus points which have their own lighting systems integrated [dancing fountain, stairs leading to vessels]. Refer to GA-00 Roof Plan for details of lighting fixtures in stairs. The intent of the night time lighting strategy is to make the buildings glow in the landscape, diffusing light through the translucent glass walls [using smart glass technologies] and the roof portions covered with polycarbonate sheets.

bright landscape lighting 500lx ambiental 200lx lighting ambiental landcape lighting 300lx maintained 100lx lighting

CIBSE Guide A. Environmental criteria for design

Table 1.5 Recommended comfort criteria for specific applications Building/room type

Winter operative temp. range for stated activity and clothing levels

Summer operative temp. range for stated activity and clothing levels

Temp /°C

Activity /met

Clothing /clo

Temp /°C

Activity /met

Clothing /clo

Conference rooms

22-23

1.1

1.0

23-25

1.1

0.65

Seminar rooms

19-21

1.4

1.0

21-23

1.4

Exhibition halls

19-21

1.4

1.0

21-23

Corridors

19-21

1.4

1.0

Entrance

19-21

1.4

1.0

Kitchens

15-18

1.8

Toilets

19-21

Lending/reference

19-21

Reading rooms Exhibition Display

Maintained illuminance [lux]

Noise rating [NR]

300/500

25-30

0.65

300

25-35

1.4

0.65

300

21-23

1.4

0.65

100

21-23

1.4

0.65

100/200

35-40

1.0

18-21

1.8

0.65

500

40-45

1.4

1.0

21-23

1.4

0.65

>5ACH

200

35-45

1.4

1.0

21-23

1.4

0.65

200

30-35

22-23

1.1

1.0

24-25

1.1

0.65

500

30-35

19-21

1.4

1.0

21-23

1.4

0.65

200

30-35

Office [general]

21-23

1.2

0.85

22-24

1.2

0.7

300/500

Cafe

21-23

1.1

1.0

24-25

1.1

0.65

50-200

35-40

Suggested air supply rate / person [L.s^(-1)]

LIGHTING STRATEGY During the day, the intention is to maximise the natural daylight intake and reduce electricity consumption to a minimum. Artificial light will be used only in rooms which require greater lux [library, offices, underground tunnel]

Direct Summer Light angle 12pm Direct Summer Light angle 9am/15pm Equinox Light angle 12am Equinox Light angle 9am/15pm Direct Winter Light angle 12pm Direct Winter Light angle 9am/15pm Reflected Summer Light angle 12pm Reflected Summer Light angle 9am/15pm Reflected Equinox Light angle 12am Reflected Equinox Light angle 9am/15pm Reflected Winter Light angle 12pm Reflected Winter Light angle 9am/15pm Diffused sunlight refraction through polycarbonate roof

Incandescent bulbs for landscape lighting

Roof light fixture casts light onto operable polycarbonate panels

Guiding Light Channel

Rottating Light Fitting fixed onto ceiling [see Ref C]

Private Atmospheric Incubator

The Weather Project - Olafur Eliasson Representations of the sun and sky dominate the expanse of Vessel 1. A fine mist permeates the space, as if creeping in from the environment outside. Throughout the day, the mist accumulates into faint, cloudlike formations, before dissipating across the space. Giant semi-circular forms made up of hundreds of mono-frequency lamps are revealed through the mist. Generally used in street lighting, mono-frequency lamps emit light at such a narrow frequency that colours other than yellow and black are invisible, thus transforming the visual field around the sun into a vast duotone landscape.

Colour Atlas Entrance Lobbies The entrance lobbies contain a diffuse, misty light condition, which gradually introduces the visitor into the vessel. The room uses fluorescent lights positioned against the walls and across the ceiling for a 360% experience. Mist is released from a mistmaker located in the ceiling service zone.

Roof Reccesed guiding Light Fixture light in Stairs channel

Blue gradient lobbied entrance

Internal Rainbow LED Mistmaker Fogger

Rainbow LED Lobbied Entrance [see Ref D]

Water pond Rainbow LED Mistmaker

Down-up LED Integral OASE Spotlight Dancing Water reflecting Fountain onto mirrored ceiling

Within the vessels, distinct environments will be created through specific forms of detailing to produce distinct types of atmospheric and ambient affects within different architecturally detailed climates. The future details of architecture lie not in ‘the solid envelope of the space, but in the qualities of the space itself. The task of the work included here is to invent a new sort of plan, to formulate new sorts of typologies within the realms of meteorology and physics, articulating the movements of air, the transformation of water into vapour, temperature and colour. This is explained in the drawing below.

Cafe Zone 1 Diurnism Envelope of Monofrequency blue glass - roof lamps and Fluorescent User LED Integral hanging lamps, radiant spheres Control Panel Entrance Podium roof light fixtures [see Ref A below] Rod [‘yellow’ carpet]

Interior LED LED Light Fixture Integral Heater integrated in ceiling

LED Integral OASE Dancing Water Fountain + Water pond Rainbow LED Mistmaker Fogger A Mist Maker can be used on any open water area such as a pond or water feature, creating swathes of harmless mist vapour across the water surface. The water around the fogger head is vibrated at ultra-high frequency, creating plumes of mist without the need for chemicals, dry ice or heat. Both the OASE Dancing Water Fountain and the Waterpond Mistmaker have integral LED lights to further enhance the effect of the misting effect. Misters work most effectively in windless conditions when installed at 25-40mm below water surface to ensure the correct depth is always achieved.

VESSEL 1 - MULTI-CULTURAL PAVILION

Public Opening Hours 24 hour [with CCTV in use] Day: Natural Daylight utilised No artificial lighting required (unless part of programme) Night: Monofrequency lamps, ground light channels, down-up spotlights

Public Opening Hours 8am - 9pm [extended for special events] Day: Natural daylight penetrating through roofing system. [see Ref C] Artificial Lighting required in Reading rooms. Night: Lighting running accross roof. LED Lighting incorporated in library bookshelves. Rotating Dimmable LED Lights, Spotlights

Ceiling Hosted Rotatable Dimmable LED The polycarbonate roof sheets allows daylight to penetrate the room, but they also allow for a diffuse lighting condition to be generated within the room, through using rotating light fixtures ceiling hosted. The fixtures are rotatable and dimmable, using LED.

GROUND LEVEL OUTDOOR PROGRAMME

VESSEL 2 ENTREPRENEURIAL PAVILION Public Opening Hours 8am - 9pm Day: Natural daylight penetrating through polycarbonat roof envelope and west facade after noon. Artificial Lighting required according to pavilion uses. Night: Lighting running accross roof, Rotating Dimmable LED Lights, Spotlights, Desk Lamps and Ceiling Hosted Hanging Lamps

Notes All Interior Light Fittings benefit from: • LED light fittings with emergency fittings • P.I.R sensors in rooms where occupancy fluctuates (turns them off when no one is in the room) • Like the sun, artificial lights produce heat because luminous electromagnetic radiation is energy itself. Paradoxically, electric “light” gives off more invisible heat than it does visible light. Depending upon the choice of light bulb, a certain temperature of light is emitted, hotter for incandescent bulbs, colder for compact fluorescents.

THERMAL COMFORT

Maintaining thermal comfort does not imply that the indoor thermal conditions should be kept constantly at a precise level. The thermoregulatory systems are capable of achieving comfort within a given zone of conditions. In addition, some slight fluctuations in the indoor conditions, such as temperature and particularly air velocity, are beneficial as they prevent a monotonous feeling and have an invigorating effect. Such fluctuations are important for increasing the effectiveness of the thermoregulatory mechanisms, in particular the vasomotor system and the sensitivity of the thermoreceptors of the nervous systems. Therefore, the thermal requirement could be specified in terms of average values, with the acceptance of some variations and fluctuations.

Thermal Comfort Summer Day

Thermal Comfort Summer Night

Ground Floor

Lower Ground

Thermal Comfort Winter Day

Thermal Comfort Winter Night

Ground Floor

Lower Ground

The diagrams to the right illustrate the winter and summer operative temperature range for stated activity and clothing levels, according to CIBSE Guida A [see Table below]. Sumer operative temp. No thermal comfort required 18-21°C 21-23°C 22-24°C 24-25°C

‘Insertions’ of thermally charged components [illustrated with circles and arches] have been scattered throughout the plan to generate a more dynamic and intriguing sensorial user experience. The play terminals situated inside the building are also part of the thermal strategy, releasing heat or cool air through their surface, and creating patches of different thermal conditions within the rooms. The intent is to dilate the functions through various places, various climates and various qualities of light, temperature and moisture, chosen according to the moments of the day or the seasons. According to the hour of the day and the time of season, the interior quality of the rooms will vary.

Winter operative temp. No thermal comfort required 15-18°C 19-21°C 21-23°C 22-25°C

CIBSE Guide A. Environmental criteria for design

Table 1.5 Recommended comfort criteria for specific applications Building/room type

Winter operative temp. range for stated activity and clothing levels

Summer operative temp. range for stated activity and clothing levels

Temp /°C

Activity /met

Clothing /clo

Temp /°C

Activity /met

Clothing /clo

Conference rooms

22-23

1.1

1.0

23-25

1.1

0.65

Seminar rooms

19-21

1.4

1.0

21-23

1.4

Exhibition halls

19-21

1.4

1.0

21-23

Corridors

19-21

1.4

1.0

Entrance

19-21

1.4

Kitchens

15-18

1.8

Toilets

19-21

Lending/reference Reading rooms

Maintained illuminance [lux]

Noise rating [NR]

300/500

25-30

0.65

300

25-35

1.4

0.65

300

21-23

1.4

0.65

100

1.0

21-23

1.4

0.65

100/200

35-40

1.0

18-21

1.8

0.65

500

40-45

1.4

1.0

21-23

1.4

0.65

>5ACH

200

35-45

19-21

1.4

1.0

21-23

1.4

0.65

200

30-35

22-23

1.1

1.0

24-25

1.1

0.65

500

30-35

Exhibition Display

19-21

1.4

1.0

21-23

1.4

0.65

200

30-35

Office [general]

21-23

1.2

0.85

22-24

1.2

0.7

300/500

Cafe

21-23

1.1

1.0

24-25

1.1

0.65

50-200

35-40

Suggested air supply rate / person [L.s^(-1)]

ENVIRONMENTAL SIMULATION Room model Room dimensions L/B/H Area Volume

5.0/4.5/3.0m 22.5m^2 67.5m^2

Internal loads PCs People

2 x 230 W 2 x 75 W

Period of building use 08:00 - 18:00 hours [simulations were produced following model from ClimateSkin]

Location of room used for simulation

Thermal simulations Carried out using the TRNSYS software. The model was based in a typical office room in order to be able to make statements about the interactions between energy and building climate. Typical usage was assumed.

31.3°C

101h

32h

Night ventilation

233h

Thermally activated components

26.8°C

10h

13h

Supply air cooling Period of building use 20°C Other times 15°C

Ideal Cooling 40W/m^2

cd/m^2 9,500 8,500 7,500 6,500 5,500 4,500 3,500 2,500 1,500 500

lx 950 850 750 650 550 450 350 250 150 50

f=90% g=0.59

Influence of proportion of window area With proportions of window area of 90% [using curtain wall glazing], the luminance distribution over the whole room is increased. The view of the horizon and the presence of large transparent areas creates an impression of openness in the room.

[lx]

5,000

4,000-5,000 3,000-4,000 2,000-3,000 1,000-2,000 0-1,000 Illuminance [lx]

4,000 3,000 2,000

[lx]

5,000

4,000-5,000 3,000-4,000 2,000-3,000 1,000-2,000 0-1,000 Illuminance [lx]

4,000 3,000 2,000

5,000

3,000 2,000

Room width 4.5m

Illuminance in winter 21 December, 12pm

4.0

3.0

2.0

4.0

3.0

1.0

0 1.0

0 2.0

1,000

1.0

1,000

Room depth [m]

Room width 4.5m

Illuminance in spring 21 March, 12pm

Table 1.9 Comfortable temperature ranges for typical flooring materials Material

Surface temp. range /°C

Textiles

21-28

Hard thermoplastic covering Concrete

24-28 26-28

Table 3.47 Properties of materials used in calculation of thermal properties of typical constructions Brick [protected] Cast concrete Mineral wool EPS Stainless Steel

Density 1750 2000 12 13 7900

Thermal conductivity

0.56 1.33 0.042 0.040 17

4,000-5,000 3,000-4,000 2,000-3,000 1,000-2,000 0-1,000 Illuminance [lx]

4,000

1,000

Material

Luminance distribution with sun 21 March, 11am

Illuminance distribution with sun 21 March, 11am

Uncomfortable Still acceptable Comfortable

Specific heat capacity

1000 1000 1030 1450 460

Room depth [m]

4.0

Optimised ventilation

20h

28.4°C

3.0

91h

27.3°C

2.0

277h

29.5°C

Daylight simulations Carried out using the Radiance software. The characteristics of the model, the internal loads and the occupancy are the same as those selected for thermal simulations to enable the interactions between indoor climate and daylight to be clearly readable.

Room width 4.5m

Illuminance in summer 21 June, 12pm

Influence of the seasons The intensity of daylight changes with the solar altitude, the turbidity of the atmosphere and the amount of cloud cover. These climatic factors influence the illuminance, colour, luminance and therefore the atmosphere of the room. Day length and luminance change with the seasons. The luminance at midday in summer is approximately 18,000 lx, in winter approximately 7,000 lx. As the seasons change, so does the path of the sun, which determines the angle of incidence of direct sunlight. The direct radiation of the low sun improves the lighting conditions in the depth of the room, although there is a severe risk of glare. Light-redirection systems [integrated in glass] are helpful in delivering the light via the ceiling into the depth of the room.

LANDSCAPE CLIMATIC DEVICES Overlapping transpositions of different types of artificial and natural details to create continuous cross-mixings of factors, generating multiple field conditions punctuated by intensities and singularities of difference, variety and

variation in the distributions of factors. ‘Climatic Lands’, of the park that became the focus of the climatic interventions, where temperature, humidity and air pollution were intensively modified through natural (choice of plants, trees

etc) and high-tech artificial devices to achieve the required overlapping microclimates. The concepts have been developed from research based on Philippe Rahm’s proposal for the regeneration of a public park in Taiwan.

OUTDOOR CLIMATIC DESIGN PRINCIPLES HEAT

NATURAL

HUMIDITY

ascocentrum pumilum

dischidia formosana

air condenser

carbon filter

noise cancellation

MATERIALS cork

clay

dessicant surface

sand photocatalytic concrete

gravel

NATURAL/ HIGH-TECH

sansevieria trifasciata

DEVICES

core-cooled surface

NATURAL/ ARTIFICIAL

ACOUSTIC

PLANTING araucaria heterophyllia franco

HIGH-TECH

POLLUTION

acoustic damping surface

FEATURES

fountains

Note: All devices are Wireless, providing real-time updates and customisable on iPhone and iPad

UV disinfection

dew collector

infrared heater

heat-pump dehumidifier

fog

solar pond

mosquito ultrasound repellant

The cooling devices use convection cooling to blow air that is chilled through underground heat-exchange mechanisms. Conductive cooling, shading, water chilling and misting/evaporation devices cool specific spaces. The drying devices blow air through silicate gel exchangers to create dehumidified spaces. Active air-filtration devices that remove nitrogen oxide, sulphur dioxide and ozone as well as freefloating aerosol particulates are combined with ultrasound devices to repel mosquitoes, creating cleaner air spaces.

INTERIOR CLIMATIC DESIGN PRINCIPLES Jan 22°

Feb 30°

March 38°

Apr 46°

May 54°

June 62°

July 54°

Aug 46°

Sep 38°

Nov 22°

Dec 14°

June 62°

Winter

Spring/Autumn

Summer envelope inclination solar panel vertical plane

14° angle

38° angle

62° angle

For people to feel comfortable in a heated room there must be equilibrium in the exchange of heat occurring via convection between their bodies and the surrounding air. This equilibrium is of course relative to clothing, from nudity in the bathroom, to the thermal protection of blankets, to light clothing worn in other rooms. Today, confronted with the need to preserve our energy resources, it is necessary to set each building, and even each room within buildings to a precisely calculated thermal capacity [based on the Swiss construction norm SIA 3842, which gives indicative values for ambient temperature] in order to expend only the energy that is strictly necessary: bathroom 22°C [71.6°F]; living areas 20°C [68°F]; kitchen 18°C [64.4°F]; hallways, toilet 15°C [59°F].

MAP OF METEOROLOGICAL DETAILS IN LANDSCAPE Note: Concepts developed from research based on Philippe Rahm

FIRST LAYER - Internal distinct environments SECOND LAYER - Against rain + wind [envelope properties + openings] THIRD LAYER - Thermal Comfort [insulation]

Cool Climatic Land - LEISURE

Dry Climatic Land - SPORTS

CCL

Cleaner Climatic Land - FAMILY

The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974,13 Section 2 [2] [e] requires to provide and maintain a working environment that is, so far as is reasonably practicable, safe and without risk to health.

ENVELOPE DETAILS + details lying in the design of air, light, heat, electromagnetic intensities, chemical quality, taste

CIBSE Guide A: Environmental Design A recommended fresh air supply rate of 8 litres per second per person should provide a clean and hygienic workplace in offices, shops and theatres.

AIR RE-CIRCULATION: WC - 8 times/hour Office - 4 times/ hour

Workplace [Health, Safety and Welfare] Regulations 1992 - The Approved Code of Practice min temperature in a workplace - 16°C [with rigorous physical activity - 13°C].

Outdoor Climate [controlled to suit activity] Low Thermal Comfort required [15°C] ss ce ac xit /e

Medium Thermal Comfort required [18-19°C]

in po

ac ce

po i

High Thermal Comfort required [23-25°C]

VESSEL 3

DL VESSEL 4

DL CCL CL

access point 2

The aim here is to restore diversity to the relation that the body maintains with space, with its temperature, to allow seasonal movement within the system, migrations from ground to underground, from cold to warm, winter and summer, dressed and undressed. The architecture is in consequence climatic.

VESSEL 2

VESSEL 1

According to the hour of the day and the time of season, the interior quality of the rooms will vary. Architecture here is the building of atmospheres and climates. functional relationship int po try /en ess

acc

auxiliary connection access into site running/ cycling tracks vessels 1, 2, 3, 4

indoor - outdoor link

CCL

The proposal is to dilate the architecture on the site, to disperse its clusters and its layout over the whole of the site, selecting particular places for their particular climates. The proposal then, is no longer a compact and closed object; it bursts, disseminating its layout and its spaces in different locations over the site, multiplying the views, the situations, the sites, the atmospheres and the climates. It dilates the functions through various places, various climates and various qualities of light, temperature and moisture, chosen according to the moments of the day or the seasons. In this situation, architecture removes its outer skin or jacket and it is the environment which then takes on this role, becoming this last skin, filtering the light, containing or repelling moisture, heating or cooling, according to the place and the moment of the day.

SOLAR GAIN STRATEGY The chart considers the position and orientation of the room, the shading of the building and the type of light redirection system to help choose the best solution for each room.

Room position

Orientation

Other buildings

North

System

Diffused sunlight

Zenith light redirection

Light-redirecting glass

No direct sunlight at the facade

Light diffusion

Light-diffusing glass

Only diffused

Smart glass

Direct sunlight at the facade

CIBSE Guide A Table 3.23 U-values for vertical glazing

Combined solar control

Light-redirecting glass

Combine solar control

Light-redirecting glass

Okasolar

Some direct sunlight

U-value

Single Double Coated Double

Solution

Oxasolar

Direct view out

East West South

Glazing type

Natural light type

5.75 2.76 1.85

Not in combination

Guided louvres

Rotatable louvres

Onyx SolarÂŽ Photovoltaic Glass Application: Photovoltaic modules can be installed into cold or warm facades, glazing and roof coverings and designed to provide solar protection. Integration into the building skin provides additional weather resistance, sound and thermal insulation and effective solar protection.

FACTS

Integration: into insulation glazing units [warm facades] Between 20 and 40 individual cells are connected in series to form strings, which are embedded in 1.0 x 0.5m modules. The voltage obtained from a single photovoltaic cell is aproximately 0.6 volt and the power produced is proportional to the intensity of of solar irradiance and the area of cells. For an irradiance of 900W/m^2 a 10 x 10cm cell supplies a current of about 3 amps.

prevent release of 6 tons of CO2

Type: semi-transparent, thin-film modules to reduce the amount of radiation entering the room, yet maintaining the view out.

55% internal rate of return

350m^2 photovoltaic glass ... generate 9,000kW/year

supply 600 lights in the building <0,02ÂŁ energy cost 34% in HVAC demand

<2 years payback

SCADA

Exploded axonometric of Smart Glass incorporating Photovoltaic modules Thin tempered glass Holographic layer 2 x EVA layers Photovoltaic modules Thin tempered glass

Remote operations center

Weather satellite

Weather stations

Controller

A Inverter

Photovoltaic combining switchgear

Main Electrical Control Panel

Substation

Inverter

DC main switch

Meter solar power generation

Distribution system

Meter instantaneous current + feed

Service connection

Grid Operator

FACADE ANIMATION

1 Visitor spins secondary wheel. Section@ 1:100

2 Curtain Wall Panel rotates 30°. Section@ 1:100

3 Curtain Wall Panel rotates 90°. Section@ 1:100 A 90° Rotating Facade Panels [Manually operated using human power]

1 Man-power sets wheel in motion

2 Wheel sets mechanism in motion

One the Vessels’ most unique sustainable strategy is to be able to open elements of the facade to the environment and to use human power as the means to do it. The opening of the facade relates to the seasons and the requirements for natural ventilation 1 winter - ventilation through operable panel above 2 spring - ventilation through 30° opening 3 summer - cross-ventilation through 90° opening The artificial lighting complements the outdoor conditions.

3 Mechanism sets primary wheel in motion

Precedent: Olson Kundig Architects

B Kinetic Facade [Electrically powered using motion sensors] One of the Vessels’ ‘surprise’ features are the operable curtain walls which act as kinetic facades responsive to motion sensors. These track the movement of the visitors and respond accordingly, retracting the panels using a mechanism fixed onto the primary structure of the building. Panels location at maximum retracted position

Steel fixing onto Steel I-beam

User Control Panel

1 Motion sensors intercept movement. Section@ 1:100

2 Facade reacts to change. Section@ 1:100

The motion sensors will be in operation for special exhibition openings and events, greeting the visitors and revealing the contents of the double-height vessel zone from the distance. The design speculates on the introduction of coloured glass panels within the frame of the curtain wall, which could react to the indoor atmospheric conditions, revealing activity type and thermal properties. The coloured panels incorporate photovoltaics and lightredirecting layers for the control of glare and solar gain.

Precedent: Gerhard van der Linde - Radiant Facade

ATMOSPHERIC INTENT. 24 HOUR CYCLE

4 AM

5 AM

6 AM

7 AM

8 AM

9 AM

10 AM

11 AM

12 PM

1 PM

2 PM

3 PM

4 PM

5 PM

6 PM

7 PM

8 PM

9 PM

10 PM

11 PM

12 AM

1 AM

2 AM

3 AM

Key: The circle shows the changes in the sky colour over a 24 hour period. The series of drawings above show the ‘modelling’ of the air contained within the vessels, changing over a cycle of 24 hours. The vessels respond to the atmospheric qualities of the environment, according to the time of the day [colour and temperature], presenting the visitor with an experience which is ever-changing and intriguing. In this sense, the architecture becomes a time teller and a symbol of change. The interior elements also change properties, as shown opposite.

Private Atmospheric Incubator [see number 17 on GA 02] The Incubator invites the user to experience a 360° experience of © Olafur Eliasson 360° room colour and temperature change.

SUSTAINABLE SPECIFICATIONS 1 CONCRETE [foundations and retaining walls]

2 STAINLESS STEEL [structural frame]

• No over-specified strength • Use of recycled or secondary aggregates • Low Embodied CO2 (ECO2) of concrete • BES 6001 responsibly sourced concrete and reinforcement to gain maximum credits under BREEAM • The BRE Green Guide - Recycled aggregates specified when they are locally available, otherwise transportation impacts exceed the intended benefits • Admixtures used to enhance sustainability credentials and reduce the ECO2 of concrete

3 GLASS [curtain walls]

• Use pf BOS methods which add recycled scrap steel to the molten iron in a converter

• Select tints not only for aesthetic purposes but also to help reduce solar gains

• Use of Duplex Steels which are suitable for applications where corrosion resistance and strength are equally important

• Apply “low-emissivity” or “low-e” coatings to help reduce radiant heat transfer between panes of glass by blocking some or all of the IR wavelengths

• Steel reuse is any process where end-of-life steel is not re-melted but rather enters a new product use phase. Easily re-usable components include:

• Consider low SHGC windows for east- and west-facing glazing as a means of controlling solar heat gain and increasing occupant comfort

Piles (sheet and bearing piles) Structural members including hollow sections

• Speicify south-facing windows with high SHGC values coupled with low U-factors

• Steps that the designer can take to maximise the opportunity for reusing structural steel include:

• Specify higher Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) in winter and lower MRT in summer, improving occupant comfort and productivity. MRT represents the average temperature an occupant feels from radiant heat exchange with their surroundings.

End plate beam to column and beam to beam connections Use bolted connections in preference to welded joints Use standard connection details including bolt sizes and the spacing of holes Ensure easy and permanent access to connections Minimise the use of fixings to structural steel elements that require welding, drilling holes, or fixing with Hilti nails; Use long-span beams as they are more likely to allow flexibility of use and to be reusable by cutting the beam to a new length. [source: SteelConstruction.info]

• Consider dynamic glazings that change optical properties through changes in light, temperature, or voltage (i.e., photochromic, thermochromic, electrochromic.) •The use of glass helps achieve BREEAM credits under the waste management section, due to the bespoke transport system used to deliver flat glass

1 POLYCARBONATE [roof envelope] • Specify 3mm thich polycarbonate triple skin with 15-25 service life years • Specify PC sheet in white to reduce solar heat buildup and specially tinted sheets for aesthetic light management • Annual energy savings of 15 to 25% with IR sheet • Specify polycarbonate sheets with IR absorption technology which results in 15-25% lower life cycle greenhouse gas emissions • Specify PC sheets with UV-protected surface that resists outdoor weathering while offering excellent clarity, with light transmission values of 75% to 87%

4% 1%

Concrete

23%

• Specify RODECA fully-coloured, crystal and opal PC Sheets with temperature restistance from -40 to 115°C, temporarily up to 130°C and 10 years warranty against yellowing - ageing - hail stone

Timber Clay bricks

Sheet steel roof

3% 10% 13%

CIBSE Guide A Table 2.60 Major impacts of climate change on building services Consequence for building services

Internal temps/comfort Internal pollution

Overheating in summer Indoor air quality

Rising winter temps. Rishing vapour pressures Decrease in summer rainfall Rising sea level

Energy consumption

Increase use of AC in summer Temperature rise outweighs this effect

Condensation and mould Limited water supply

Glass

Drier clay soils Increased flooding

Fibreglass insulation Plasterboard

10%

Rising summer temps.

Polycarbonate

Aluminium

3% 2%

Impact

Steel

10%

• Fully recyclable, providing an excellent yield for plastic recycling facilities. The usual process for recycling polycarbonate is to sort, shred, wash, granulate and then compound ready for re-use.

Climate Change

Hardfill and blinding

10%

Flooring Paint

Materials by embodied energy The figures for the market share of materials are derived from the BRANZ materials survey. Embodied energy is the sum of all the energy required to produce any goods or services, considered as if that energy was incorporated or ‘embodied’ in the product itself. Typical embodied energy units are MJ/Kg , tCO2. The actual amount of carbon dioxide emitted when a product is made will be dependent on the type of energy [oil, wind, solar, nuclear, etc] used in the manufacturing process.

BACKGROUND A group of developers (“The Vauxhall Alliance”) had their eyes on Spring Gardens and came up with a number of proposals for building on the land in return for making the whole area more attractive, releasing land nearby and so on. One project “Project Vauxhall” involved redeveloping the Ethelred and China Walk Estates. Local residents were opposed to this and all similar proposals, and Lambeth Council’s latest plan says that: “Spring Gardens is an important local open space which was the historic location of the famous Vauxhall Gardens. It needs significant improvement. At night there are safety concerns with its use. There are development sites around Spring Gardens, which, if planned and designed to enhance Spring Gardens, and if they contribute to enhancing it, have the potential to transform it into a quality public open space.”

BUILDING DELIVERY - PROCURING THE BUILDING 15%

In this section, based upon the studies of the ownership and sponsorship of Vauxhall Gardens Estate, an appropriate contractual relationship will be proposed to explain the roles and responsibilities of the project stakeholders. Due to the size of the project and the landscape strategy proposed, the procedure to obtain permit to carry out landscape and environmental improvement works will be outlined. Applications or enquiries will be directed to the Landscape Architect Programme Manager at the Lambeth Living Estate Pride Team Hambrook House.

PROCUREMENT ROUTE VAUXHALL GARDENS COMMUNITY

LONDON PUBLIC PROCUREMENT

DESIGN COMPETITION + BIDDING

UDP 1.2.2. The Plan also indicates where the Council wishes to encourage new development in particular areas within the borough or on individual sites. The new UDP is far more proactive than previous plans. It actively seeks to achieve major change to improve the quality of life in major sites and areas such as in Streatham, Brixton, Waterloo and Vauxhall.

SELECTED CONTRACTOR

PLC APPROVAL + PUBLIC CONSULTATION

TRADITIONAL PROCUREMENT ROUTE main legal relationship communication

DESIGN & BUILD PROCUREMENT ROUTE

INITIAL PROCUREMENT METHOD As the proposal is sited in Vauxhall Gardens, it is managed as a public park by the London Borough of Lambeth. The proposal responds to the general need for improvement (UDP 1.2.2 extract-left), in order to enhance the rich heritage of the Spring Gardens. The project may be initially proposed by the Vauxhall Community to the Lambeth Borough through London Procurement Procedure - OJEU, EU public procurement. As a project from the public sector ,in the early section stage it will hold a design competition. Generally design competitions are considered more economical for bidding since their focus is primarily on the design quality. Especially when dealing with a site with a rich cultural heritage, the procurement method will require comprehensive regulation studies and expert consultants. MANAGEMENT PROCUREMENT ROUTE main legal relationship communication

main legal relationship communication

CLIENT CLIENT

CLIENT

CONTRACTOR

DESIGN TEAM

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

CONTRACTOR

DESIGN TEAM AND OTHER MEMBERS OF THE SUPPLY CHAIN

CONTRACTOR

DESIGN TEAM

SUMMARY These are designer-led projects, in which design and construction teams are procured separately, one after the other, and managed independently. A worked-out design is the basis for construction cost. There are separate contracts for the client with the design team, the main works contractor, and sometimes sub-contractors and suppliers. The architect is usually the lead consultant. Separate project management for the entire design and construction process may be needed for larger or more complex jobs, to ensure that nothing is missed. With this route, facilities management delivery is the client’s responsibility.

SUMMARY In this route, the builder is responsible for both design and construction. In prime contracting a relationship is developed between the contractor and the entire supply chain. Design and build can appeal to clients as it gives a single point of responsibility for delivering the entire project. The contractor can either be appointed to carry out all of the design work, or if the client wishes to have greater influence over the design, a concept design and outline (or performance) specification can be prepared by a consultants employed by the client, and then the contractor is appointed to complete the design and carry out the construction.

SUMMARY In this procurement route, the design is procured separately from construction, the management of which is contracted for a separate fee. The client has contracts with the management contractor only, or separately with the designer, construction manager and works contractor. The management of the contracting project is given to a contractor for a fee. This contractor may subsequently employ the works/trades contractors – a management contract - or only manage them, while they are employed directly by the client. The design process is managed independently. With this route, facilities management delivery is the client’s responsibility.

LEGAL RELATIONSHIP It is considered a low risk method of procurement for the client, as the contractor takes the financial risk for construction. However, if the design information is incomplete at the tender stage, or if many variations are required after appointing the contractor, the cost to the client will increase. The most common forms of traditional contracts remain: the JCT [Joint Contracts Tribunal] Standard Building Contract, Intermediate Building Contract and Minor Works Building Contract.

LEGAL RELATIONSHIP The contractor is responsible for both the design and the construction of the work. This method currently prevails for larger projects and for those averse risk with public sector clients. The appointment of the contractor is enabled through a two-stage tender - remaining competitive at the first stage but not reliant on a full proposal. The appointed contractor agrees to deliver a building based on the clients requirements within a set timeframe at a set price. The design runs in parallel to the construction process.

LEGAL RELATIONSHIP This follows a shared risk/reward model - all parties are equally vested. In the traditional practice, parties are quite often at opposite ends of the spectrum, which results in targeting blame when issues arise. In order to streamline project delivery and ensure quality and efficiency, having everyone share in the responsibility is crucial. Significant cost saving can be achieved through reduced involvement with lawyers and arbitrating processes as this is all achieved through the collaborative problem solving process.

Advantages: Cost certainty can be achieved before starting on site a two-stage route can mean the early involvement of a contractor, which may be helpful for a technically complex project. Works are managed within set timeframes in order to ensure completion from both the design team and the construction team. The contractor taken from competitive tender has no design responsibility, relying on instruction from the architect and therefore ensuring design control remains the architect’s discretion during tender and throughout the duration of the build. Disadvantages: The client carries more risk from the construction period than in the design and build routes. Changes are possible but are likely to entail extra time or cost.

Advantages: Design and Build is one of the three procurement routes favoured by the government for publicly-funded projects, as it allows a fully integrated team to work together on the project from the beginning. Due to the agreed cost of the works at the outset, the overall programme for the project is usually shortened, allowing the construction and design to be undertaken in parallel. Disadvantages: The client needs to be sure that changes are not likely to be needed, as they may be very expensive or impossible. Also, due to the involvement of the architect post tender process, the result may oppose to the initial aims of holding design competition as the design may suffer at the hands of the contractors as the intent of the scheme is often lost in favour of cost and time efficiency. I have chosen this because it is publicly procured and I think it offers advantages to risk averse public body whilst allowing control over design.

Advantages: In Management Contracting, the design and construction stages are overlapped, and it allows early elements of the construction process to begin before design has been completed. The client has a contract with the design team and therefore considerable control over the design. Target prices can be set and a guaranteed maximum price can sometimes be provided some way through the process. Disadvantages: There is no certainty over costs at the outset and work proceeds on the basis of the contract cost plan. Final costs will not be known until the last work package is let, and numerous contracts may make it difficult to control, increasing the risk the client has to take. The client signs contracts with the specialists who build the project, and usually cannot recover losses directly from the construction manager.

CONTRACTUAL RELATIONSHIP. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES POST DESIGN COMPETITION PROCUREMENT METHOD It will be assumed that the architect has been appointed on a Standard Form of Agreement [SFA 99] by the client, in which case will be Lambeth Borough primarily , with other consultants appointed directly by the client also. The choice of the correct procurement route is crucial to the successful delivery of the project. The factors influencing this decision are based upon which route can achieve qualitative execution within the required timeframe. As the project is sited in a public open space, the Vauxhall Gardens, construction will have to be managed while the rest of the park is in use under usual circumstances. Due to the complex client group and project programme, as well as the ownership of the Vauxhall Gardens, the risk on cost of the project can be reduced through early fund raise and employment of union labour as part of the construction team. The preferred procurement route for this project is Design&Build. PROFESSIONAL BODIES In the UK, the ARB are the regulatory body, set up by the Parliament as the independent regulator of architects. All architects appointed must be registered with the ARB. Secondly, architects can choose to join the RIBA.

GENERAL CONTRACTUAL RELATIONSHIP client group

LONDON

Potential bodies to be consulted

Lambeth Borough is responsible for managing and developing the Vauxhall Gardens in general

property owner Project Manager

LAMBETH

Borough Solicitor English Heritage Vauxhall Society Vauxhall Community VGERTA Commercial Occupiers

partners/sponsors

LOCAL BUSINESSES

Project Appointments

The client may employ a general contractor/ project manager to manage the specific project

Public Procurement Prequalification Selection + Design Competition

Project Manager, CDM Principal Designer, Lead ConsultanT, Lead Designer, Contract Administrator, Cost Consultant, Civil/ Structural Engineer, Interior Designer, Landscape Consultant, Fire Consultant, Acoustic Consultant, Town Planning Consultant, Transportation Consultant, Rights of Light Advisor.

MAIN CONTRACTOR SELECTED CONSULTANTS

SELECTED ARCHITECTS SUB-CONTRACTORS

Potential Surveys required in Stage 1

GROUNDWORKS SPECIALIST

OS Map and Site Levels Soil Condition and Geology Trees and TPO’s Ecology and Vegetation

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT

RESPONSIBILITY MATRIX AND ROLES

RIBA Plan of Work 2013

The RIBA Plan of work 2013 organises the process of briefing, designing, constructing, maintaining, operating and using building projects into a number of key stages. The content of stages may vary or overlap to suit specific project requirements. CLIENT

STAGE 0 Strategic Brief

Assemble Project Team Establish Project Programme Pre-application discussions Sustainability Checkpoint 0

KEY EVENT Participation in Design Competition

Refer to S1 Refer to S1

STAGE 1 Review Site Information Initial Project Brief Establish Project Objectives Prepare Contractual Tree Sustainability Checkpoint 1

Refer to S1

STAGE 2 Prepare Concept Design Concept Design Cost Information Third Party Consultations Sustainability Checkpoint 2

Refer to S1

STAGE 3 Coordinated Developed Design Developed Design Project Execution Plan Construction Strategy + HSE Sustainability Checkpoint 3

Refer to S2

STAGE 4 Specialist Subcontractor Design Technical Design Building Regulations Handover Strategies + Risk Sustainability Checkpoint 4

ARCHITECT CONTRACTOR CONSULTANTS+ SUBCONTRACTORS

Pre-application with LPC

Refer to S4 landscape

Landscape Architect joins landscape

Outline Specifications

Refer to S2 landscape

Building Regulations

Refer to S1

STAGE 5 Offsite and onsite Construction Construction Resolution of Design Queries Administration of Building Contract Sustainability Checkpoint 5

‘As-constructed’ Info

STAGE 6 Conclusion of Building Contract Handover and Close Out Handover Activities Feedback for Use Sustainability Checkpoint 6

Conclude Building Contract

STAGE 7 Schedule of Services In Use Post-occupancy Evaluation Review of Project Performance Sustainability Checkpoint 7

On-going feedback

a- building services engineer b- health&safety advisor c- sustainability consultant

d- structural engineer e- cost consultant f- acoustic consultant g - lighting consultant

PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS AND PROCESS

THE LONDON PLAN 1.15 The London Plan is the spatial development strategy for London, produced by the Greater London Authority on behalf of the Mayor of London. Every London borough local plan must be in general conformity with the London Plan. The policies in the London Plan and in Lambeth’s Local Plan together constitute the statutory local development plan for the London Borough of Lambeth. 1.19 In relation to Lambeth, the London Plan: designates Waterloo and Vauxhall/Nine Elms/Battersea (now referred to as ‘Nine Elms Vauxhall’ or NEV) as Opportunity Areas, promoted to accommodate both new jobs and new homes with a mixed and intensive use of land. DUTY TO CO-OPERATE 1.24 The key cross-border strategic issues affecting Lambeth are: Nine Elms Vauxhall Opportunity Area which is partly in Wandsworth and is the subject of a joint Opportunity Area Planning Framework. SUMMARY OF SPATIAL PLANNING ISSUES 2.53 Drawing on the evidence base and the many issues raised through public consultation on the Core Strategy 2011, the spatial planning issues affecting Lambeth can be summarised under the following six key themes: A Accommodating population growth B Achieving economic prosperity and opportunity for all C Tackling and adapting to climate change D Providing essential infrastructure E Promoting community cohesion and safe, liveable neighbourhoods F Creating and maintaining attractive, distinctive places The Vauxhall Spring Gardens have been included in the District and Local Open Spaces. [Annex 6: Metropolitan Open Land, District and Local Open Spaces] The Vauxhall Street/Jonathan Street has been designated as a Local Centre in Lambeth. [Annex 3: London Plan Opportunity Areas and Major, District and Local Town Centres] Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens is managed by Lambeth Parks and Green Spaces and is part of the North Lambeth Parks Area. It is also patrolled by the Prince’s Safer Neighbourhoods Team of Lambeth Police.

UNDERSTAND REQUIREMENTS

MEASUREMENT SURVEY

PRODUCE DRAFT PLANS AND APPLICATIONS

YES

DRAFTS OK?

SUBMIT PLANNING APPLICATION TO LAMBETH COUNCIL

CONSULTATION WITH LAMBETH COUNCIL

APPLICATION VALID?

AMEND PLANS ABANDON

CONTINUE WITH APPLICATION?

YES

APPEAL

ABANDON APPLICATION

PLANNING OFFICER/ COMMITEE REVIEW AND DETERMINATION

PERMISSION GRANTED?

PUBLIC CONSULTATION

YES

APPEAL

START WORK

APPEALS SERVICE

BUILDING CONTROL SERVICE

PLANNING APPLICATION FLOWCHART

Note: Together with the Planning Application for Full Planning Consent for a Major Development Area, the following will also be submitted: Bat Survey, Tree Survey, any existing Tree Preservation Orders (if applicable) and a Flood Risk Assessment. Responding to the Spatial Planning Issues and the Lambeth Local Plan requirements, the following will be outlined in the planning application and suggested as enhancements to the quality of Local Open Spaces:

Hard landscaping and Access

Improved Sports Facilities

VAUXHALL AREA DRAFT SPD 2.20 The SPD highlights Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens as a priority for improvements, to encourage greater use of the park. The SPD also comments on the poor quality of the public realm, and the lack of natural features in the streetscape. [This report has been prepared by LUC in close consultation with representatives of Lambeth Council and members of the Friends groups for the Vauxhall Parks.]

Improved multi-use games area

Natural amphitheatre

Art Installations

Improved pathway infrastructure and landscaping

Mounds created from spoil of previous housing rubble

Sports Court Multi-use games area Large area of open grass areas popular for pickicking and informal ball games

Formal Tree Planting

Vauxhall City Farm

0 10

100m

Demonstration/ Community Garden

FINANCIAL AND LEGAL MATTERS REFERENCES - PRICE BOOKS

LEGAL RESTRICTIONS

INITIAL APPRAISAL TOTAL COST CALCULATION

Building major works Ti Wessex Comprehensive Building Price Book: Major Works Building minor works BMI Building Maintenance Price Book Building services engineering Laxton’s Mechanical and Electrical Price Book Civil engineering CESMM3 Price Database Landscape Griffiths Landscape and Gardens Price Book

Lambeth Borough owns the Vauxhall Gardens.

The folllowing has been suggested as a total build cost [including landscape services] for the proposed project. The values presented have been calculated as averages, subject to inflation.

POSSIBLE PERCENTAGE COST REDUCTIONS [without affecting value] Consultants Contractors Component manufacturers Clients

0-5% 10-20% 5-10% 0-40%

BASIC BUILDING COST CALCULATION *The cost/m<² is 2,085£. This means the average build cost for a floor area of approx 4,800m² will be approx £10,008,000. Foundations will account for 10% External Curtain Walls will account for 16% Roof will account for 12 - 15% Doors will account for 10% Electrical work will cost about 5% Heating costs will be approximately 4% Water and waste will amount to 3% of the final bill Finishes will account for 25%

There are no Party walls adjacent to proposed site. There are no issues with building projecting out of site. The site is outside the Conservation Area. Consent will be required from Conservation Officer/LPA for undertaking works in the curtiledge of a listed building [Royal Vauxhall Tavern] Tree Preservation Order [contact LA] Public Rights of Way / Easements

Project Programme ACTIVITY PLANNING APPROVAL STAGE 2 - CONCEPT DESIGN

£800,640

Traffic Impact Assesment required/Local consultation

Sub total

DDA (now Equality Act)

Contingency 10%

As Public Buildings , they will have to comply with EA2013 /access audit required Surveys to be conducted: Drainage CCTV. Building. Acoustics. Geotechnical/Soil Condition/Water Table. Electromagnetic.Radiation. Asbestos. Services. Traffic Impact Assessment.

Liability and Insurance: The time limit measured from the earlier of completion of the Services or practical completion of the Project for action or proceedings and insurance cover is: 6 years

Public Liability Insurance:

£10,000,000

Employer’s Liability Insurance:

£10,000,000

Supplementary Agreements Collateral warranty [if required to be the Construction Industry Council: Consultant Warranty] Novation Agreement [if required a standard form can be provided] Effective Date The Effective Date of this Agreement is: 25 Apr 16

2016

WEEKS Oct 12

£1,130,904

Construction Sum

£12,439,944

VAT on construction 20%

£2,487,989

Sub total

£14,927,933

Architect 6%

£746,396

Quantity surveyor 3%

£373,198

FEES

Structural engineer 2%

Environmental engineer 2%

£248,798 £248,798

Planning Consultant 0.5%

£62,200

Building Control fees

£10,250.00

VAT on fees (approx.) 20%

£337,928

Sub total

£2,027,568

Total Project Cost Landscaping**

£16,955,501

£1,337,830

TOTAL [Project Cost + Landscaping]

£18,293,331

Jan 11 Jan 18 Jan 25 Feb 1 Feb 8 Feb 15 Feb 22 Feb 29 Mar 7 Mar 14 Mar 21 Mar 28 Apr 4 Apr 11 Apr 18 Apr 25 May 2 May 9 May 16 May 23May 30 Jun 6

STAGE 3 - DEVELOPED DESIGN

Christmas

STAGE 4 - TECHNICAL DESIGN

Building Control plans approved Structural engineers 4-6 weeks Asbestos Survey Co-ordinated Construction drawings, Tender documents 1.5 Detail Drawings / Window and Door Schedule / Sanitary and Electrical Appliances / Finishes Schedule/ NBS Specification Pre-Tender Cost Check Tender Period Mobilisation 2 weeks Start date

£11,309,040

2017 Oct 19 Oct 26 Nov 2 Nov 9 Nov 16 Nov 23 Nov 30 Dec 7 Dec 14 Dec 21

Floor Plan Layouts@ 1:200 Roof Layout Design@ 1:200 Fire Escape Strategy Develop Outline Scope of Works Develop Set of GA drawings@ 1:200 Sustainability Checkpoint 2 Client Sign-Off Stage 2

Co-ordination with structural engineer Appointment of MEHP and environmental engineer Developed Set of GA drawings@ 1:100 Detail Section@ 1:20 x 3 Key Details@ 1:5 Develop Outline Specs / Scope of works Cost Check Sustainability Checkpoint 3 Client Sign-Off Stage 3

£10,008,000

Contractors Proﬁt 8%

Professional Indemnity Insurance Limit: £5,000,000

Stage 1-3 - 12 months [up to planning] Stage 4 - 12 months On site - 2 years

Sub total

Substations

Applicable Law : The law applying to this Agreement is the law of England & Wales

DURATION

£10,008,000

£500,400

** The cost/m<² is 250£. This means the average build cost for a floor area of approx 5,330m² will be approx £1,337,830.

The proposal is likely to be subject to objections to planning from local residents / amenity space action groups. In order to mitigate these risks and ensure that the project get planning approval, a planning consultant will be appointed.

Building works*

Preliminaries 5%

OTHER INFO INCLUDED IN FEE PROPOSAL

PLANNING RISKS

CONSTRUCTION ESTIMATE

Rights of Way Act [1990] Countryside R.O.W Act (2000)

BASIC LANDSCAPING CALCULATION

The cost per sqm includes hardscape, softscape, water features stepped amphithreater, steel pergolas and play terminals [see S2 for Outdoor Play Terminals].

For formulas and breakdown of calculation see the very left column for information noted with an *.

2 5 2

CONSTRUCTION RISKS. HEALTH AND SAFETY

low medium high

1. PROJECT RISKS 1.0 Planning Refusal 1.1 Funding 1.2 Ground conditions inadequate to achieve design 1.3 Park ecology handling 1.4 Sustainability checkpoints difficult to achieve

Early consultation and pre-application to be arranged with planning authorities Early meeting to be arranged with private and corporate sponsors for fund-raising strategy Early site surveys [topographical, soil conditions, geotechnics] along with structural survey General ecology survey, bat and tree survey to be appointed Early appointing of a sustainability and BREEAM consultant may reduce risk

2. HEALTH AND SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION 2.1 Risk in ground work and unsafe excavation 2.2 Work at height 2.3 Dust hazard 2.4 Unsafe lifting operations 2.5 Site security 2.6 Exposure to asbestos

Sub-contractor, specialist and health&safety advisor to be appointed to supervise on site Hierarchy of controls for working at height, using towers, scaffolds, platforms and ladders Masks to be provided and mist installations to be provided to minimise air pollution Boundaries to be assembled around designated areas to minimise risks CCTV to be installed on site and monitored permanently If you suspect that asbestos might be present, don’t start work until a demolition/ refurbishment survey has been carried out

3. RISK IN USE 3.1 Maintenance for Curtain Wall Systems and Roof Skin 3.2 Maintenance for Landscape and Ground conditions 3.3 Fire 3.4 Cleaning roofs 3.5 Changing lights

HEALTH AND SAFETY In the UK, Health and Safety Executive [HSE] regulate the Health and Safety relevant issues in the construction industry. Project clients will be taking the responsibility for health and safety for the project. In the case of the Vauxhall Gardens Project, the responsibility will be undertaken by the body who owns and is responsible to develop and maintain the Gardens - the Lambeth Borough, who will be required to undertake the following actions: 1. COMPETENCE The Client Group must ensure that those appointed on the project have competent skills to comply with health and safety requirements. 2. INFORMATION The Client and the Principal Designer must ensure that the neccessary pre-construction information is provided. 3. APPOINTMENTS Principal Designer, Principal Contractor, Contractor/ Small Builders, Sub-contractors 4. ARRANGEMENTS All CDM-responsible bodies must ensure that suitable arrangements for managing project health and safety matters are made.

Maintenance walkway to be installed and maintenance work to be undertaken by specialist Maintenance strategy to be developed and ground conditions reviewed every 3 years Identify the risks of fire; control combustible materials and ignition sources; Develop a strategy for cleaning roofs as part of the Feedback for Use documentation Develop a strategy for changing lights as part of the Feedback for Use documentation

CDM 2015

LIABILITY

Part 1 - application of CDM 2015 and definitions Part 2 - duties of clients for all construction projects. Part 3 - health and safety duties and roles of other dutyholders, including: Designers Principal designers Principal contractors Contractors Part 4 - general requirements for all construction sites Part 5 - transitional arrangements and revocations

A major responsibility during the delivery of the building is to ensure construction works are undertaken safely, without presenting any threat to anyone’s health and wellbeing. This liability is commonly shared between 6 parties: Client Principal designer Designer Principal contractor Contractor Worker

NOTIFICATIONS CDM projects - where a construction project is notifiable the client must give written notice of the project to HSE before the construction phase begins.

RIBA CDM REGULATIONS 2015 The Principal Designer is a new role, with a new design perspective and fewer and different duties. Other previous CDM-C duties have been distributed to the Client and Principal Contractor. The principal designer’s role is to plan, manage and monitor the pre-construction phase, to co-ordinate health and safety. The pre-construction phase is defined as any period during which design or preparatory work is carried out for a project, which may continue during construction.

RISK ASSESSMENTS General assessment - employers are required to make an assessment of the health and safety risks to which employees and others are exposed on construction sites. The significant findings must be recorded where five of more people are employed. Specific assessments – certain regulations require risk assessments for specific hazards and state in more detail what is required. These include: work at height; hazardous substance [COSHH]; manual handling; noise; vibration and lead. CDM CONSTRUCTION PHASE PLAN Construction phase plan - the principal contractor or the contractor must prepare and then update the construction phase plan PDF throughout the project. The document is designed to help plan, manage and monitor the construction work so it can be carried out in a way that secures health and safety. Health and safety file - the principal designer must prepare a file containing information relating to the project which is likely to be needed for health and safety purposes during any subsequent construction work.

The principal designer must: - Assist the client in identifying, obtaining and collating the pre-construction information - Provide pre-construction information to designers, the principal contractor and contractors - Ensure that designers comply with their duties and cooperate with each other liaise with the principal contractor for the duration of the appointment - Prepare the health and safety file The principal designer’s duties apply regardless of the contractual arrangements for the appointment of other designers and whether or not the project is notifiable to the Health and Safety Executive [HSE]. If the principal designer appoints other designers, the principal designer is responsible for ensuring that they have the relevant skills, knowledge and experience to deliver their work.

WHO DOES WHAT CLIENT

DESIGNER

suitable identify and arrangements eliminate health are in place for hazards where managing health possible, and risks during reduce remaining construction risks

PRINCIPAL DESIGNER

PRINCIPAL CONTRACTOR

plan, manage, monitor and coordinate occupational health risks in the preconstruction phase

plan, manage, monitor and coordinate occupational health risks in the construction phase

CONTRACTOR/SMALL BUILDERS

WORKERS

manage any take care of your occupational health own health and corisks that your operate with others workers may be on health issues exposed to

http://www.citb.co.uk/documents/cdm%20regs/2015/cdm-2015principal-designers-interactive.pdf http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg411.pdf

APPENDIX GA 00 GA 01 GA 02 GA 03 GA 04 GA 05 S1 A1 Style Competition Drawing S2 A1 Style Competition Drawing S3 A1 Style Competition Drawing Lambeth Planning Application Extracts Lambeth UDP Extracts Bibliography

Application for Planning Permission. Town and Country Planning Act 1990 You can complete and submit this form electronically via the Planning Portal by visiting www.planningportal.gov.uk/apply

Publication of applications on planning authority websites Please note that the information provided on this application form and in supporting documents may be published on the Authority’s website. If you require any further clarification, please contact the Authority’s planning department. Please complete using block capitals and black ink. It is important that you read the accompanying guidance notes as incorrect completion will delay the processing of your application.

LAMBETH PLANNING APPLICATION EXTRACTS

1. Applicant Name and Address

2. Agent Name and Address

Title:

First name:

Last name:

Company (optional):

Company (optional): House number:

Unit:

House suffix:

House number:

Unit:

House name:

Address 1:

Address 2:

House suffix:

4. Site Address Details

5. Pre-application Advice

Please provide the full postal address of the application site. House House Unit: number: suffix: House name:

Has assistance or prior advice been sought from the local authority about this application? Yes

Address 2:

Tyers Street

If Yes, please complete the following information about the advice you were given. (This will help the authority to deal with this application more efficiently). Please tick if the full contact details are not known, and then complete as much as possible:

Town: You can complete and submit this form electronically via the Planning Portal by visiting www.planningportal.gov.uk/apply County: County:

Address 3:

London

Officer name:

Publication of applications on planning authority websites

Town:

County:

Reference:

Postcode (optional): SE11 5HL Description of location or a grid reference. (must be completed if postcode is not known):

Date (DD/MM/YYYY): (must be pre-application submission)

Easting:

Details of pre-application advice received?

Address 1:

Address 3: Application for Planning Permission. Town and Country Planning Act 1990 Town:

Address 3:

Postcode: Postcode: Please complete using block capitals and black ink. It is important that you read the accompanying guidance notes as incorrect completion will delay the processing of your application.

3. Description of the Proposal 1. Applicant Name and Address

2. Agent Name and Address

Please describe the proposed development, including any change of use: Title: First name: Title: First name: No change of use is proposed. Vauxhall Gardens is one of the largest open spaces in Lambeth, punctuated only by a seLastdeveloped name: Last name: ries of trees, a sports court, allotments and horse riding paddocks in association with the Vauxhall City Farm, in adjoining Tyers Street. The aim of the proposal is to restore the picturesque qualities of the 18th century Vauxhall Company Company Pleasure Gardens through a carefully integrated landscape strategy, together with three main public buildings. The aim (optional): (optional): is to introduce a varied program which will include educational, recreational and professional activities., both indoors House House House House Unit: and outdoors. The site is chosen due to its precedents of beingUnit: a public facility - Vauxhall Gardens was a pleasure number: suffix: number: suffix:garden in Kennington on the south bank of the River Thames and accessed by boat from London until the erection of Vauxhall House House Bridge in the 1810s. The proposal also provides the opportunity to contribute to the regeneration of Vauxhall, in name: name: response to the Lambeth Unitary Development Plan. Address 1: Address 1: Has the building, work or change of use already started? Yes No IfAddress Yes, please 2: state the date when building, work or use were started (DD/MM/YYYY):

Address 2:

Has the building, work or change of use been completed? Address 3: If Yes, please state the date when the building, work or change of use was completed: (DD/MM/YYYY): Town:

Yes 3: Address Town:

(date must be pre-application submission) No (date must be pre-application submission) $Date:: 2015-04-02 #$ $Revision: 6149 $

County:

Country:

9. Materials Existing 3. Description of the Proposal

(where applicable) Please describe the proposed development, including any change of use:

Not applicable

Postcode: IfPostcode: applicable, please state what materials are to be used externally. Include type, colour and name for each material:

Proposed

Walls

Glass - double glazed, clear Concrete - cast insitu, white

Roof

Concrete - cast in situ, white Planting - green

Don't Know

Yes

If Yes, please state the date when building, work or use were started (DD/MM/YYYY):

Northing:

Description:

The park is running north from Vauxhall Cross. Vauxhall Gardens The wider area was absorbed into the metropolis as the city expanded in the early to mid-19th century.

6. Pedestrian and Vehicle Access, Roads and Rights of Way

7. Waste Storage and Collection

Is a new or altered vehicle access proposed to or from the public highway?

Do the plans incorporate areas to store and aid the collection of waste?

Yes

Is a new or altered pedestrian access proposed to or from the public highway?

Yes

Are there any new public roads to be provided within the site?

Yes

Are there any new public rights of way to be provided within or adjacent to the site?

Yes

Do the proposals require any diversions /extinguishments and/or creation of rights of way?

Yes

If you answered Yes to any of the above questions, please show details on your plans/drawings and state the reference of the plan (s)/drawings(s)

With respect to the Authority, I am: (a) (b) (c) (d)

Do any of these statements apply to you? a member of staff an elected member related to a member of staff related to an elected member

$Date:: 2015-04-02 #$ $Revision: 6149 $

Vehicle access and hard-standing

No Vehicle Access on site

Lighting

Outdoor Lighting Strategy

Others (please specify)

Public Art Installations - varies

proposal involve the or change of use of non-residential floorspace? IfDoes Yes,your please state references forloss, the gain plan(s)/drawing(s)/design and access statement: Not applicable

Existing gross Gross internal floorspace internal to be lost by change of floorspace use or demolition (square metres) (square metres)

Please state how foul sewage is to be disposed of:

Yes

Mains sewer

Cess pit

Septic tank

Other

Yes

Are you proposing to connect to the existing drainage system?

Yes

If Yes, please include the details of the existing system on the application drawings and state references for the plan(s)/drawing(s):

Not applicable

Net additional gross internal floorspace following development (square metres)

No Difference in spaces Net additional gross internal floorspace following development (square metres)

Motorcycles Office (other Shopsthan A2) Research and B1 (b) Disability Net tradable area: spaces development Financial and B1A2(c) Cycle Light industrial spaces professional services B2 General industrial A3 Restaurants and cafes Other (e.g. Bus) B8 Storage or distribution A4 Drinking establishments Other (e.g. Bus) Hotels and halls of C1 A5 Hot food takeaways residence B1A1(a)

Yes

How will surface water be disposed of? Sustainable drainage system

Existing watercourse

Soakaway

Pond/lake

To assist in answering the following questions refer to the guidance notes for further information on when there is a reasonable likelihood that any important biodiversity or geological conservation features may be present or nearby and whether they are likely to be affected by your proposals. Having referred to the guidance notes, is there a reasonable likelihood of the following being affected adversely or conserved and enhanced within the application site, or on land adjacent to or near the application site?

14. Existing Use Please describe the current use of the site:

The Park is currently used as a public open space, with sporadic festivals and/or temporary artistic performances taking place throughout the year. An Urban screen is sometimes installed for outdoor cinema. Yes

Is the site currently vacant?

If Yes, please describe the last use of the site:

Vauxhall Gardens was a pleasure garden in Kennington on the south bank of the River Thames. The wider area was absorbed into the metropolis as the city expanded in the early to mid-19th century.

Yes, on land adjacent to or near the proposed development No $Date:: 2015-04-02 #$ $Revision: 6149 $

b) Designated sites, important habitats or other biodiversity features: Yes, on the development site Yes, on land adjacent to or near the proposed development

OTHER B2 General industrial Please B8 Storage or distribution Specify Hotels Total and halls of C1 residence C2 Residential institutions In addition, for hotels, residential institutions and hostels, please additionally indicate the loss or gain of rooms Non-residential Not Existing rooms to be lost by change Total rooms proposed (including Use D1 use applicable Net additional rooms class Type ofinstitutions of use or demolition changes of use) Assembly Hotels and leisure

Residential OTHER C2 Institutions Please OTHER Specify Please Total Specify In addition, for hotels, residential institutions and hostels, please additionally indicate the loss or gain of rooms 19. Employment Not Existing rooms to be lost by change Total rooms proposed (including Use Type of use Net additional rooms class complete applicable use or demolition changes of use) Please the following informationofregarding employees: Full-time

Total full-time equivalent

Part-time

zero

Visitor Centres

8am - 9pm Full-time

10am -Part-time 6pm

Sunday and Bank Holidays 10am - 6pm

Theatre Existing employees Park Proposed employees

12am - 9pm

12am - midnight

closed

24 hour

Use the following information Monday to Friday Saturday Please complete regarding employees:

No c) Features of geological conservation importance: Yes, on the development site Yes, on land adjacent to or near the proposed development No

When did this use end (if known)? DD/MM/YYYY (date where known may be approximate)

Land which is known to be contaminated?

Yes

Land where contamination is suspected for all or part of the site?

Yes

A proposed use that would be particularly vulnerable to the presence of contamination?

Yes

15. Trees and Hedges

16. Trade Effluent

Are there trees or hedges on the proposed development site?

Does the proposal involve the need to dispose of trade effluents or waste?

No Yes And/or: Are there trees or hedges on land adjacent to the proposed development site that could influence the development or might be important as part Yes No of the local landscape character? If Yes to either or both of the above, you may need to provide a full Tree Survey, at the discretion of your local planning authority. If a Tree Survey is required, this and the accompanying plan should be submitted alongside your application. Your local planning authority should make clear on its website what the survey should contain, in accordance with the current 'BS5837: Trees in relation to design, demolition and construction - Recommendations'.

1859

Does the proposal involve any of the following? If yes, you will need to submit an appropriate contamination assessment with your application.

If Yes, please describe the nature, volume and means of disposal of trade effluents or waste

$Date:: 2015-04-02 #$ $Revision: 6149 $

If known, please state the hours of opening (e.g. 15:30) for each non-residential use proposed: 19. Employment

Not known Total full-time equivalent

21. Area 20. Site Hours of Opening Please state the site area hectares (ha) If known, please state theinhours of opening (e.g. 15:30) for each non-residential use proposed: Sunday and Use Monday to Friday Saturday Bank Holidays

21. Site Area

Is your proposal within 20 metres of a watercourse (e.g. river, stream or beck)? Will the proposal increase the flood risk elsewhere?

Main sewer

a) Protected and priority species: Yes, on the development site

Residential institutions Office (other than A2) Non-residential Research and institutions development Assembly and leisure Light industrial

Please Specify 20. Hours of Opening

If Yes, you will need to submit a Flood Risk Assessment to consider the risk to the proposed site.

Package treatment plant

13. Biodiversity and Geological Conservation

Financial andthe loss, gain or change of use of non-residential floorspace? Does involve A2 your proposal Total Total proposed (including Yes professional Type of Vehicleservices spaces retained) If you have answered Yes to the questionExisting above please add details in the following table: A3 Restaurants and cafes Cars Existing gross Gross internal floorspace Total gross internal A4 Drinking establishments internal to be lost by change of floorspace proposed Use class/type of use Light goods vehicles/ floorspace use or demolition (including change of A5 publicHot foodvehicles takeaways carrier (square metres) (square metres) use)(square metres)

Hotels Residential C2 Existing employees Institutions Proposed employees OTHER

Is the site within an area at risk of flooding? (Refer to the Environment Agency's Flood Map showing flood zones 2 and 3 and consult Environment Agency standing advice and your local planning authority requirements for information as necessary.)

Total gross internal floorspace proposed (including change of use)(square metres)

Shops 10.A1Vehicle Parking 18.Please All Types of Development: Non-residential Floorspace Net tradable area: provide information on the existing and proposed number of on-site parking spaces:

Yes

$Date:: 2015-04-02 #$ $Revision: 6149 $

If you have answered Yes to the question above please add details in the following table:

D2 C1

12. Assessment of Flood Risk

11. Foul Sewage

Are you information on submitted plan(s)/drawing(s)/design and access statement? 18. All supplying Types ofadditional Development: Non-residential Floorspace

D2(c) B1

Yes

If Yes, please provide details:

(date must be pre-application submission)

Rows of trees

B1D1 (b)

Have arrangements been made for the separate storage and collection of recyclable waste?

If Yes, please provide details of the name, relationship and role

Boundary treatments (e.g. fences, walls)

B1C2(a)

(date must be pre-application submission) Glass - double glazed, clear Yes No

Doors Has the building, work or change of use been completed? If Yes, please state the date when the building, work or change of use was completed: (DD/MM/YYYY):

Use class/type of use

Yes

If Yes, please provide details:

8. Authority Employee / Member

Glass - double glazed, clear

Windows Has the building, work or change of use already started?

Vauxhall Gardens

Not known

$Date:: 2015-04-02 #$ $Revision: 6149 $

Application for Planning Permission. Town and Country Planning Act 1990 You can complete and submit this form electronically via the Planning Portal by visiting www.planningportal.gov.uk/apply

LAMBETH PLANNING APPLICATION EXTRACTS

1. Applicant Name and Address

2. Agent Name and Address

Title:

First name:

Last name:

Company (optional):

Company (optional): House number:

Unit:

House suffix:

First name:

House number:

Unit:

House name:

Address 1:

Address 2:

House suffix:

Address 3: Application for Planning Permission. Town and Country Planning Act 1990 Town:

Address 3:

Town: You can complete and submit this form electronically via the Planning Portal by visiting www.planningportal.gov.uk/apply County: County:

Publication of applications on planning authority websites

Please note that the information provided on this application form Country: and in supporting documents may be published on the Country: Authority’s website. If you require any further clarification, please contact the Authority’s planning department. Postcode: Postcode: Please complete using block capitals and black ink. It is important that you read the accompanying guidance notes as incorrect completion will delay the processing of your application.

3. Description of the Proposal 1. Applicant Name and Address

2. Agent Name and Address

Address 1: Has the building, work or change of use already started?

Address 1: Yes

IfAddress Yes, please 2: state the date when building, work or use were started (DD/MM/YYYY):

Address 2:

Has the building, work or change of use been completed? Address 3: If Yes, please state the date when the building, work or change of use was completed: (DD/MM/YYYY): Town:

Yes 3: Address

Please describe the proposed development, including any change of use: Title: First name: Title: First name: No change of use is proposed. Vauxhall Gardens is one of the largest open spaces in Lambeth, punctuated only by a series of trees, a sports court, allotments and horse riding paddocks developed in association with the Vauxhall City Farm, Last name: Last name: in adjoining Tyers Street. The aim of the proposal is to restore the picturesque qualities of the 18th century Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens through a carefully integrated landscape strategy, together with three main public buildings. The aim Company Company (optional): is to introduce a varied program which will include educational,(optional): recreational and professional activities., both indoors and outdoors. The site is chosen due to its precedents of being a public facility - Vauxhall House House HouseGardens was a pleasure Housegarden Unit: Unit: number: suffix: number: in Kennington on the south bank of the River Thames and accessed by boat from London until the erection ofsuffix: Vauxhall Bridge in the 1810s. The proposal also provides the opportunity to contribute to the regeneration of Vauxhall, in House House response to the Lambeth Unitary Development Plan. name: name:

Town:

No (date must be pre-application submission) No (date must be pre-application submission) $Date:: 2015-04-02 #$ $Revision: 6149 $

County:

18. All Types of Development: Non-residential Floorspace Country: Country:

Does your proposal involve the loss, gain or change of use of non-residential floorspace? Postcode: Postcode: If you have answered Yes to the question above please add details in the following table: Not applicable

Existing gross Gross internal floorspace internal to be lost by change of floorspace use or demolition Please describe the proposed development, including of use: (square metres)any change (square metres)

3. Description ofofthe Use class/type useProposal A1

Yes

Total gross internal floorspace proposed (including change of use)(square metres)

Net additional gross internal floorspace following development (square metres)

Shops Net tradable area:

Financial and professional services Restaurants and cafes

Drinking establishments

Hot food takeaways

B1 (a) Office (other than A2) Has the building, work orand change of use already started? Research B1 (b) development If Yes, please state the date when building, B1 (c)or use were Light industrial work started (DD/MM/YYYY):

Yes

No (date must be pre-application submission)

Has B2 the building, workindustrial or change of use been completed? General If Yes, please state the date when the building, work B8 Storage or distribution or change of use was completed: (DD/MM/YYYY): Hotels and halls of C1 residence C2 Residential institutions Non-residential D1 institutions D2 Assembly and leisure

Yes

No (date must be pre-application submission) $Date:: 2015-04-02 #$ $Revision: 6149 $

OTHER Please Specify Total In addition, for hotels, residential institutions and hostels, please additionally indicate the loss or gain of rooms Not Existing rooms to be lost by change Total rooms proposed (including Use Type of use Net additional rooms applicable of use or demolition changes of use) 4.class Site Address Details 5. Pre-application Advice Has assistance or prior advice been sought from the local C1 provide Hotels Please the full postal address of the application site. authority about this application? Residential House Yes No House C2 Unit: Institutions number: suffix: House OTHER If Yes, please complete the following information about the advice name: you were given. (This will help the authority to deal with this Please Specify application more efficiently). Address 1: Vauxhall Gardens Please tick if the full contact details are not 19. Employment Address 2: Tyers Street known, and then complete as much as possible: Please complete the following information regarding employees: Address 3: London Officer name: Total full-time Full-time Part-time equivalent Town: Existing employees Reference: Proposed employees County: Postcode

SE11 5HL 20. Hours of Opening (optional):

Date (DD/MM/YYYY): Description of location or a grid reference. If known, please stateifthe hours of opening (e.g. 15:30) for each non-residential use proposed: (must be completed postcode is not known): (must be pre-application submission) Sunday and Use Monday to Friday Saturday Bank Holidays Easting: Northing: Details of pre-application advice received? Description:

Not known

The park is running north from Vauxhall Cross. Vauxhall Gardens The wider area was absorbed into the metropolis as the city expanded in the early to mid-19th century.

21. Site Area

Please state the site area in hectares (ha)

6. Pedestrian and Vehicle Access, Roads and Rights of Way

7. Waste Storage and Collection $Date:: 2015-04-02 #$ $Revision: 6149 $

Is a new or altered vehicle access proposed to or from the public highway?

Do the plans incorporate areas to store and aid the collection of waste?

Yes

Is a new or altered pedestrian access proposed to or from the public highway?

Yes

Are there any new public roads to be provided within the site?

Yes

Are there any new public rights of way to be provided within or adjacent to the site?

Yes

Do the proposals require any diversions /extinguishments and/or creation of rights of way?

Yes

If you answered Yes to any of the above questions, please show details on your plans/drawings and state the reference of the plan (s)/drawings(s)

8. Authority Employee / Member With respect to the Authority, I am: (a) (b) (c) (d)

Yes

If Yes, please provide details:

Have arrangements been made for the separate storage and collection of recyclable waste? If Yes, please provide details:

Do any of these statements apply to you? a member of staff an elected member related to a member of staff related to an elected member

If Yes, please provide details of the name, relationship and role

$Date:: 2015-04-02 #$ $Revision: 6149 $

LAMBETH UDP EXTRACTS

POLICY 1 - The Vision for Lambeth

POLICY 30 - Arts and Culture

POLICY 31 - Streets, Character and Layout

POLICY 34 - Renewable Energy in Major Developments

POLICY 39 - Streetscape, Landscape & Public Realm Design

POLICY 43 - The River Thames Policy Area - Urban Design

POLICY 45 - Listed Buildings

LAMBETH UDP EXTRACTS POLICY 50 - Open Space and Sports Facilities

POLICY 52 - Protection and Enhancement of the Natural Environment

POLICY 78 - Spring Gardens

POLICY 77 - Vauxhall - Urban Design and Public Realm Improvements

POLICY 10 - Walking and Cycling

POLICY 41 - Views

BIBLIOGRAPHY

UK Building Regulations Fire Safety: Approved Document B - Volume 2 - Buildings other than dwellinghouses

BS 8206-2 2008 Code of Practice for daylighting

The London Plan

CIBSE SLL Daylighting and window design LG10 1999

Lambeth Unitary Development Plan 2015

BRE Designing buildings for daylight

Vauxhall Area Draft SPD

BRE Designing with innovative daylighting

RIBA CDM Regulations 2015

ADL2A – New buildings other than dwellings, England & Wales

BCIS - Price Books - RICS

UK Building Regulations 2010. Approved Document K Protection from falling, collision and impact UK Building Regulations 2010. Approved Document M Access to and Use of Buildings UK Building Regulations 2010. Approved Document E Resistance to the passage of sound The Lambeth Local Plan 2015 Lambeth Unitary Development Plan 2007 [UDP] National Planning Policy Framework 2012 [NPPF] Boulton, W.B., 2011. The Amusements of Old London Southworth, J.G. 1941. Vauxhall Gardens: A Chapter in the Social History of England Cross G., Walton J.K. 2005. The Playful Crowd: Pleasure Places in the Twentieth Century

Approved documents L2A and L2B, which reference the CIBSE TM 31 Building log book toolkit, 2006 Approved document L2A Conservation of fuel and power in new buildings other than dwellings HSE Document L24 Workplace health, safety and welfare, Workplace Regulations 1992, Approved Code of Practice and guidance [paragraph 32] CIBSE Application Manual AM 10: Natural ventilation in non-domestic buildings BSI PD CR 1752: 1999 Ventilation for buildings - design criteria for the indoor environment CIBSE Guide A: Environmental design, 2006

S2 The NHBC Standard 2016 Part 3: General

CIBSE GUide B: Heating, ventilating, air conditioning and refrigeration, 2005 Workplace [Health, Safety and Welfare] Regulations 1992 The Approved Code of Practice

The NHBC Standard 2016 Part 4: Foundations

‘Green Roofs’ by Hassell and Coombes, CIBSE Knowledge Series: KS11, 2007

The NHBC Standard 2016 Part 5: Substructure, ground floors, drainage and basements

Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations 1999 in England and Wales

The NHBC Standard 2016 Part 7: Roofs

The Building Regulations Approved Document G Sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency

The NHBC Standard 2016 Part 10: External Works BS EN 1992. Eurocode 2: ‘Design of Concrete Structures’ BS EN 1997. Eurocode 7: ‘Geotechnical Design’

The Building Regulations Approved Document H Drainage and waste disposal British Standards BS8515:2009 Rainwater Harvesting Systems Code of Practice.

WEB RESOURCES www.lambeth.devplan.org.uk www.nineelmslondon.com www.grenspec.co.uk www.nhbc.co.uk www.landscapeinstitue.org www.tatasteeleurope.com www.gov.uk/hm-revenue-customs www.arb.org.uk www.legislation.gov.uk www.philipperahm.com www.olafureliasson.net www.balmondstudio.com www.rics.org www.jctltd.co.uk