Bhukh Ka Asali Chehara / THE REAL FACE OF HUNGER by SADED BOOKS CORNER

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Published by South Asian Dialogues on Ecological Democracy (SADED) (With financial support from Simenpuu Foundation, Finland) 383, II Floor, Bank Street Munirka Village New Delhi-110067 Phone: 011-26101580 Email: info@saded.in networkscommunication@gmail.com

izdk'kd% lkmFk ,f'k;u MkW;ykWxl~ vkWu bdksyksftdy MseksØslh ¼lhesuIiw QkmaMs'ku ds foÙkh; lg;ksx ls½ 383 f}rh; ry] cSad LVªhV eqfujdk] ubZ fnYyh& 110067 ysljVkbZilsVl % dsfiVy fØ;s'kal] ubZ fnYyh eqnz.k % vkWfDlfy;e fizafVax lohZll] ubZ fnYyh 2

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esjh ekยก Jherh larks"k 'kekZ dks lknj lefiZrA ftUgksaus nfjnz ukjk;.k ds izfr d:.kk] lEeku vkSj lgkuqHkwfr dh Hkkouk eq> esa cpiu ls gh Hkjh vkSj ogh esjs thou dk y{; cu x;kA

fo"k; lwph Hkwfedk vFkZO;oLFkk dh o`f) ds lkFk c<+rh Hkw[k

Hkkx ,d & fQj ls ekYFkl ds paxqy esa\ 1 + [kk|kUu % ,d gfFk;kj • gfjr Økafr • vdkyksas ls NqVdkjk • Hkwjs bykds • fxjkoV 2 + Hkkjrh; Ñf"k ds fy, [krjs dh ?kaVh • leL;k,a gh leL;k,a • QwM QSDVfj;ka • [kk| lqj{kk dks nko ij yxkuk • lc dqN fdlku&fojks/kh • vuqfpr izkS|ksfxdh • gR;kjs [ksr • feykoVh nok,a • dhVuk'kh esa dhV • lek/kku gS dhVuk'kh&eqDr Ñf"k • lgh lek/kku • de fuos'k okyh [ksrh • xUuk&mRiknu ls lcd • rEckdw % xyr izkFkfedrk,a 3 + dsoy xjhch gh fVdkÅ gS • vlQyrk dh f[kpM+h • vkfFkZd o`f) dh dher • dM+qbZ lpkb;ka • dsoy pqukoh eqÌk • tyok;q&ifjorZu fxjk jgk gS fctyh • okil ijaijkxr Kku dh vksj • Hkjekj ds chp Hkq[kejh • [kk| lqj{kk dh uhao f[kldkuk • Hkkjrh; [kk| fuxe c<+kok nsrk gS xjhch dks • Hkw[k ls dekbZ • Hkkjrh;ksa dks i'kq&nkuk • Hkw[k ls NqVdkjk % lgh jkLrk ;g gS 4 + Ñf"k vuqla/kku dh uhfr;ka • frdM+eckth dk foKku • lM+ka/k dk HkaMksQksM+ • xqykcksa dh lst ugha 4

• •

cht vkyw Hkh ckgj ls eaxkvks! mit ds fjdkMZ

Hkkx nks & Ñf"k ds fo:) tSo&;q) 5 + thu ;kuh oa'kk.kqvksa ls NsM+&NkM+ • ehfM;k dk ck;ksVsd cks/k • nkuoh; cht • ehfM;k esa ?kqliSB • ckgsa ejksM+uk • Ckgl • rhljh nqfu;k • Hk;kog Hkfo"; 6 + tSo izkS|ksfxdh Hkw[k ugha feVk,xh • rhljh nqfu;k ds fy, ugha • ;g Hkw[k dk gy ugha • Ik{kikr • VehZusVj • Hkw[ks yksx D;k vkadM+s pck,axs \ • rhljh nqfu;k vkSj ijkthuh [kk| • Hkkjr esa iVdh tk jgh gS thfu;kxjh • dM+q, Qy • phuh dh txg T;knk ehBs djus okys inkFkZ • dM+qbZ Qly

Hkkx rhu & oSKkfud vkSj vkfFkZd vyxkookn 7 + isVs.V&;q) • [kk|&vlqj{kk ds cht • ykblasl ysuk t+:jh • tM+hcwfV;kWa gM+ius dh lkft'k • ^gYnh* ls feys lcd • ,f'k;k dh tSofofo/krk dks gh isVs.V djk ysa 8 + HksnHkko • tSo&nL;qrk rsjs dbZ uke • cht cpkvks • vf/kdkj dk loky • vfHkys[ku • ,dkf/kdkj • tSonL;qrk ls vka[ksa Qsjuk • isVs.Vksa dh vkM+ esa nknkxhjh 9- IksVs.V ls vutku fgUnqLRkku

Hkkx pkj & oYMZ VªsM vkWxZsukbts'ku & ;kuh xyr O;kikj laaxBu 10 + vejhdk dh nknkxhjh • vejhdk dh nwljh yM+kbZ 5

fo'o&jktuhfr dk f'kdkj • jktuhfrd etcwjh • t:jr gS ^fdlku* dh u;h ifjHkk"kk dh 11- [kk| vlqj{kk dk O;kikj • cktkjksa esa igaqp • ?kjsyw fj;k;rsa • lqjf{kr vUu HkaMkj • [kk| lqj{kk isVh 12 + cjcknh dk uqL[kk • 'kkafr ds fy, [kk|kUu • lLrk [kk|kUu vk;kr • [kk|&O;kikj dk HkweaMyh; dwM+k?kj • dkjfxy dk lcd • lwvjksa dks cuk jgs gSa QSDVjh • rkfd 'osr dzkafr QV tk, • clarh Økafr dk var D;k Hkkjr Hkw[k dk bfrgkl cukuk pkgrk gS \ Bibliography •

Hkwfedk fo'o dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa ,dhdj.k ds uke ij HkweaMyhdj.k Fkksik x;k gSA dgk x;k gS fd lkjh nqfu;k ds ns'k tc vius cktkj ,d nwljs ds fy, [kksy nsaxs rks [kqyh izfr;ksfxrk gksxh vkSj lcdh le`f) ds }kj [kqy tk,axsA bl rjg dh uhfr;ksa ds ckjs esa tks Hkh loky mBk, x, gSa] mudk Vkyw tokc ;g fn;k x;k gS fd ;g rks 'kq:vkrh vM+pusa gSa] vkxs lc Bhd gks tk,xk vkSj [kqys cktkjksa dh vFkZO;oLFkk fo'o dks ubZ [kq'kgkyh dh vksj ys tk,xhA yxrk gS tSls fo'o ds vFkZra= ij dksbZ ekfQ;k xqV gkoh gks x;k gS] tks vkfFkZd fopkjksa esa fdlh Hkh rjg ds izfroknh Lrjksa dks lgus ds fy, rS;kj ugha gSA c<+rh xjhch] fo"kerk] Hkw[k] foLFkkiu] csdkjh vkSj vyxko rFkk lkekftd rkus&ckus dk fc[kjko tSls eqÌs mBk, tk,a rks bls dqN ludh fljQjksa dk izyki dgdj nqfu;k dks ojxyk;k tkrk gSA nqfu;k ij cktk:iu ds gkoh gksus dh 'kq:vkr gqbZ lu~ 1995 dh igyh tuojh ls tc fo'o O;kikj laxBu ¼oYMZ VªsM vkWxZsukbts'ku] Mc~Y;w Vh vks½ LFkkfir fd;k x;kA rHkh ls fodkl dh ,d ubZ ifjHkk"kk py iM+h fd fodkl dk eryc gS ladV ls fuiVukA gj rjg ds ladV fxuk&fxuk dj nqfu;k dks Mjk;k tkus yxk & ^vkfFkZd ladV*] ^lkekftd ladV*] ^i;kZoj.k ladV*] ^xjhch dk ladV* vkSj ^tura= ij ladV*A bl rjg ds reke ladVksa dh ckSNkj dj nh xbZ vkSj lHkh ns'kksa ds jk"Vªh; fodkl dh uhfr;ksa vkSj ;kstukvksa esa buds NhaVs utj vkus yxsA f}i{kh; foÙkh; le>kSrksa vkSj nkunkrk laxBuksa ds fy, ;s ladV osnokD; cu x,A bl ladV&o"kkZ esa vlyh eqÌs cg x,A tgka rd Hkkjr vkSj vU; nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa dk loky gS] budh vFkZO;oLFkk dh jh<+ gS] [ksrhA vkt ls ugha] 'kq: ls ghA bu ns'kksa dh [ksrh ij dksbZ ladV gS] rks ;g fd igys ftrus yksx Ñf"k ds lgkjs viuh thfodk fVdkÅ rkSj ij pyk jgs Fks] vc ugha pyk ik jgsA vc [ksrh esa mruk jkstxkj ugha jgkA bldk ,d cM+k dkj.k ;g gS fd cktk: ncko ds pyrs Hkw&Lokfe;ksa us vukt dh txg uxnh Qlyksa dks mxkus ij T;knk /;ku nsuk 'kq: dj fn;k gSA fygktk Hkwfeghuksa dks vc [ksrksa ij iwjs lky etnwjh djus ds ekSds ?kVrs tk jgs gSaA cgqr NksVs fdlku Hkh bl cktk: nkSM+ esa fiNM+us ds dkj.k ijs'kku gSaA os tehusa csp jgs gS vkSj dtZ esa Mwc jgs gSaA ;gh ugha rqjar equkQk dekus dh gksM+ iSnk djds feV~Vh] ikuh vksj taxy tSls cqfu;knh izkÑfrd lalk/kuksa dks cckZnh dh vksj /kdsyk x;k gSA vehjksa ds ekStets ds fy, iSnkokj c<+kus esa lc dqN >ksad nksA bl rjg xjhc vkSj xjhc gksrs tk jgs gSa vkSj vehj vkSj vehjA 7

jkstxkj dh ryk'k esa yk[kks [ksfrgj etnwj xkao NksM+&NksM+dj 'kgjksa dh rjQ Hkkx jgs gSaA os tgka Hkh tkrs gSa ogka ixkj iwjh ugha feyrh] u iwjk jkstxkj gSA viuk /ka/kk 'kq: djsa rks chl >a>V gSaA fygktk [kqyh vkcksgok NksM+dj iznw"k.k vkSj xanxh dh pisV esa viuk LokLF; Hkh xaok jgs gSa vkSj viuh vfLerk vkSj ekuokf/kdkj HkhA tSls &rSls xqtkjk djus okys ;s yksx lekt ij cks> cu dj th jgs gSaA b/kj ubZ oSKkfud rduhdksa dk Hkh >kalk fn;k tk jgk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, tSo izkS|ksfxdh ¼ck;ksVsDuksykWth½ dks ,slh peRdkjh tknqbZ iqfM+;k crk;k tk jgk gS tks nqfu;k ds xjhc eqYdksa dh gj leL;k gy dj nsxhA lHkh fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh [ksrhckM+h esa vkRefuHkZjrk ij ladV eaMjk jgk gSA cht ij cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka ,dkf/kdkj tekus ds pDdj esa gSa] D;ksafd cht gh [ksrh dh cqfu;kn gSA gj rjg ls fdlkuksa dks yqHkkus dh dksf'k'k gks jgh gS rkfd og vf/kd iSnkokj nsus okys ladV vkSj ijkthuh ¼Vªkaltsfud½ chtksa ds Qsj esa [kqn ds cht iSnk djuk NksM nsa vkSj gj ckj cktkj ls cht [kjhnsa rkfd cht daifu;ksa dh pkanh gksA bu daifu;ksa us chtksa ds isVsaV ys j[ks gSa vkSj dksbZ Hkh fdlku pkgs Hkh rks Hkh mUgsa iSnk ugha dj ldrkA cM+h&cM+h daifu;ka cht] [kk|kUu] O;atu vkSj nok ds {ks= es vkSj Hkh cM+h daifu;ksa ds lkFk feydj lqjlk dk :i /kkj.k djds fo'o dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks fuxyus ds fy, eqag ck,a [kM+h gSA lcls igys mudk xzkl cu jgh gS fo'o&Ñf"kA ijaijkxr Kku ij Hkh mudh fx) n`f"V iM+ xbZ gSA mldks Hkh isVsaV djk jgs gSaA ltho oLrqvksa dks Hkh isVsaV djk jgs gSA eryc ;g fd xjhc ds fy, ,slk dqN Hkh er NksM+ks fd og vius cwrs th ldsA mlls gj rjg ls vkSjksa ds lgkjs thuk fl[kkvksA ijkfJr cuk nksA bl fdrkc es tks reke eqÌs mBk, x, gSa mudk fdlh Hkh jktuhfrd fopkj/kkjk ls dksbZ Vdjko ugha gS( vkSj flQZ fdlkuksa ls gh ugha cfYd miHkksDrkvksa] O;kikfj;ksa vkSj vU; oxksZa ls tqM+s gq, gSaA lHkh ns'kksa ds lHkh ukxfjdksa ds flj ij vlyh ladV gS cktkjokn dk tks balku dks Hkh ftal cuk, ns jgk gSA nsosUnz 'kekZ

vFkZO;oLFkk dh o`f) ds lkFk c<+rh Hkw[k vFkZO;oLFkk dh o`f) ds lkFk&lkFk Hkw[k Hkh vius iSj ilkjrh tk jgh gSA ftl le; gekjh vFkZO;oLFkk vkSlr :Ik ls 7 ls 8 izfr'kr dh nj ls c<+ jgh gS ml le; yxHkx mlh nj ls Hkq[kejh Hkh c<+ jgh gSA jk"Vªh; uewuh losZ{k.k laxBu ¼,u,l,lvks½ ds 2006&07 dh fjiksVZ us bl dM+os lR; dks tkfgj dj fn;k] muds vuqlkj Hkw[k rFkk vkfFkZd o`f) nj dk vkil esa

ldkjkRed lglac/k gS & ftruh vf/kd vkfFkZd o`f) gksxh mrus gh vf/kd yksx Hkw[ks jgsaxsA bu pqukSfr;ksa ls irk pyrk gS fd vkfFkZd o`f) ls xjhcksa vkSj Hkw[kksa dh la[;k vkSj vf/kd c<+rh gSA forj.k dh fjiksVZ fdlh Hkh ns'k dks >d>ksM+ dj fopfyr dj ldrh gS rFkk ;g oSf'od vkfFkZd leqnk; ds fy, ,d lcd Hkh gS ysfdu bls cgqr gh vlkuh ls nck fn;k x;k gSA tcfd vkt fo'o Hkj esa fo|eku foÙkh; eanh ds izHkkoksa ls cpus ds lHkh laHko mik; fd, tk jgs gSa ogha jkT; viuh vkcknh dks Hkkstu iznku djus esa cgqr de iz;kl dj jgs gSa vkSj muds bl iz;kl esa dbZ #dkoVsa vk jgh gSaA

bl izdkj Li"V gS fd tSls fd Hkkjr dks izkphu le; esa dY;k.kdkjh jkT; dh ifjHkk"kk nh tkrh gS vkSj vHkh rd Hkkjr ,slk iz;kl Hkh djrk jgrk Fkk ysfdu vkt bl O;k[;k dk vFkZ dsoy lkewfgd dY;k.k gh jg x;k gSA vkt vkfFkZd jsMkj i)fr ls xjhc vkSj Hkw[ks yksx vn`'; gks x, gSaA dsoy ek= iks"k.k ij ,d [k.M dh LFkkiuk djus ds ckn iz/kkuea=h eueksgu flag vkfFkZd eanh dks nwj djus esa O;Lr gSaA vius iwokZf/kdkfj;ksa dh rjg eqf'dy ls dkZbZ ,slk fnu ugha gksxk tc mUgksaus m|ksxifr;ksa ls ckrphr u dh gksA ;fn ljdkjsa xjhch vkSj Hkq[kejh ls fujUrj yM+us ds fy, m|ksx vkSj O;kikjksa ds izfr gh lefiZr jgs rks Hkkjr esa Hkw[k dh gkyr vkSj fcxM+rh tk,xh tks fd 2008 esa oSf'od Hkw[k lwph ds vuqlkj fo'o esa 88 Hkw[ks ns'kksa esa Hkkjr 66 osa LFkku ij gSA tks fd cgqr funauh; ckr gSA gekjs vis{kk lc& lgkjk vÝhdk dh fLFkfr Hkh Hkkjr ls csgrj gSA oSf'od Hkq[kejh dh rkfydk dks vUrjkZ"Vªh; [kk| uhfr vuqla/kku laLFkku ¼vkbZ ,Q ih vkj vkbZ½ us cuk;k vkSj mlds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa Hkw[kksa dh la[;k 2000 yk[k gS & tks fd fo'o esa Hkw[kksa dh lcls vf/kd la[;k gS& vkSj okLrfodrk ls de vkadk x;k gSA vkSj nwljh vkSj vlaxfBr {ks=ksa esa m|ksxksa ds jk"Vªh; vk;ksx us vkadM+sa fn, gSa ftuds vulqkj 8370 yk[k yksx izfrfnu 20 #i, ls ¼ 50 lsaV ls de½ de [kpZ djrs gSaA vkSj ;s lp gS fd izfrfnu 20 #i, [kpZ djds nks oDr dk [kkuk Hkh ugha [kjhnk 9

tk ldrk ns'k dh 77 izfr'kr vkcknh ^gkf'k,^ ij jg jgh gS vkSj fdlh u fdlh rjg ls vius&vkidks dsoy ek= thfor j[ks gq, gSA 1991 esa vkfFkZd mnkjrk ds ckn ,u,l,l us crk;k fd ns'k esa vuktksa dh [kir /khjs&/khjs ?kVrh tk jgh gS vkSj mlds lkFk&lkFk vkSj vf/kd iks"kd rRoksa tSls vaM+ksa] lfCt;ksa] Qyksa vkSj nw/k dh miHkksx ek=k esa Hkh fdlh rjg dh o`f) ugha gks jgh gS tks fd ns'k esa Hkw[k dh fLFkfr ds ladV dks vkSj Hkh [krjukd fLFkfr esa gksus dk ,glkl fnykrh gS] bldk vFkZ gS fd ns'k esa Hkw[k dh fLFkfr vkSj vf/kd c<+ jgh gS

vkSj vc ;s vkSj vf/kd fo'kky :Ik esa QSy jgh gS vkSj blus ns'k dks iwjh rjg ls tdM+ fy;k gSA ;gka rd fd yksxksa dks ;s eglwl gks jgk gS fd gekjh [kkus dh vknrsa cny jgh gSa yksxksa us vukt [kkus dh vis{kk Qy] lfCt;ka rFkk nw/k tSls iks"kd rRoksa dks xzg.k djuk 'kq: fd;k gSA ysfdu ;s ekU;rk iwjh rjg ls lp ugha gSA

vuktksa ds miHkksx esa gksus okyh deh xzkeh.k vkSj 'kgjh nksuksa gh bykdksa esa gks jgh gS vkSj ;g xzkeh.k bykdksa esa vkSj Hkh vf/kd gSA ns'k ds xzkeh.k bykdksa esa izfr ekg] izfr O;fDr vuktksa dk miHkksx 1993&94 esa 13-4 fdyksxzke ls ?kVdj 2006&07 esa 11-7 fdyksxzke jg x;k gSA ;g deh 2004 ls 2007 esa Hkh vf/kd jgh tc flQZ rhu lkyksa esa gh vuktksa dh [kir 12-1 fdyksxzke ls ?kVdj 11-7 fdyks jg xbZA 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa o"kZ 1993&94 esa vuktksa dh [kir 10-6 fdyksxzke ls de gksdj 2006&07 esa 9-6 fdyksxzke rd igqap xbZA ,d fo'kky 'kkdkgkjh lekt esa vuktksa dk miHkksx] iks"k.k dk ,dek= egRoiw.kZ lzksr gS vkSj blfy, Hkkjr ds lanHkZ esa vuktksa ds miHkksx esa gksus okyh ;g deh cM+h ckr gSA ;g okLrfod fp= ugha gSA ,u,l,lvks losZ{k.k us o"kZ 2007&08 dks 'kkfey ugha fd;k gS tc fo'o esa oSf'od vuktksa dh dherksa esa vHkwriwoZ o`f) gqbZA fdlh Hkh fLFkfr esa Hkkstu ij vkSlr ifjokjksa dh [kir esa c<+r fn[kkbZ nsrh gS ysfdu bldk

vFkZ ;s ugha fd Hkkstu ds miHkksx esa o`f) gks jgh gSA bldk dsoy ,d vFkZ gS fd [kkus dh dherksa esa o`f) gks jgh gS vkSj xjhc viuk isV eqf'dy ls Hkj ik jgs gSaA orZeku le; esa dherkas esa gksus okyh o`f) esa xjhcksa dks mudk isV Hkjus esa vkSj Hkh eqf'fdysa [kM+h dj nh gSA blfy, 2007&08 esa vuktksa dk miHkksx vkSj vf/kd de gksus dh vk'kadk gS vkSj blls Li"V gS fd bldk vlj xjhcksa vkSj Hkw[kksa ij lkQ ns[kk tk,xkA

;g Li"V gS fd Hkkjr gkfu rFkk grk'kk ds nyny esa cgqr rsth ls /kalrk tk jgk gSA bl vk/kkj dks vuns[kk djrs gq, fd vkfFkZd o`f) dk lh/kk vFkZ ekuoh; fodkl ugha gSA iz/kkuea=h ckj&ckj dgrs gSa fd cktkj dks [kksyus ls fons'kh fuos'kd vkdf"kZr gksrs gSa vkSj rst xfr ls o`f) gksrh gS ysfdu gesa ;g dgrs gq, cgqr gh fujk'kk gksrh gS fd jktuSfrd vkfFkZd i)fr dks vPNh rjg le>s fcuk Hkkjr tSlk dksbZ ns'k viuh vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa esa dsoy thMhih dks c<+kus ds ,dek= 10

y{; dks /;ku esa j[krk gS rks ge ,d ,sls jkLrs ij py jgs gSa tks fd Hkh"k.k xjhch rFkk fpjdkfyd dqiks"k.k dh vksj /kdsyrk gSA D;k ;s fofp= ckr ugha gS fd bl rjg dh foLr`r rFkk rhoz vekuoh; ifjfLFkfr;ka o`f) ds iz{ksi dks nwj rd izHkkfor djrh gSaA bldk vFkZ gS fd ;gka vkfFkZd o`f) ds ifjdyu dh izfØ;k esa dgha u dgha xyrh gSA 36 vjc dk 'kq) vkfFkZd ewY; Hkkjr ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk ,d frgkbZ gS tks fd cgqr vklkuh ls tfVy xjhch rFkk xanxh dks fNik nsrk gS ftlesa fd 8370 Hkkjrh; jgrs gSaA ;gka rd fd ge oSf'od Hkw[k rkfydk ds ladyu dks ekurs gSa] og o`f) ds iz{ksi esa 2000 yk[k Hkw[kksa dks fNik nsrh gSA o`f) iz{ksi Hkkjr ds okLrfod psgjs dks fNik nsrk gS& tks fd fo'o esa Hkw[k ds ekeys esa fo'kky vkdkj esa gSA eSa Ikzk;% ikfdLrku ds iwoZ foÙk ea=h vkSj ;w,uMhih ds ekuo fodkl fjiksVZ ds ys[kd LoxhZ; esgcwc&my&gd dk m)gj.k nsrk gwa mUgksaus ,d ckj dgk Fkk] Þtc ge

dgrs gSa fd ge ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dks lq/kkjus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs gSa vkSj ;g vius&vki gh xjhch dks lq/kkj nsxh rks ge xyr lksprs gSa ge bldk mYVk dj nsrs gSaA gesa xjhch dks lq/kkjus dk iz;kl djuk pkfg, vkSj blls ldy ?kjsyw mRikn vius&vki gh lq/kj tk,xkAß mUgksaus ,d ckj eq>ls dgk tSls ikfdLrku ds foÙk ea=h us 1960 esa ldy ?kjsyw mRikn nj dks 7 izfr'kr rd dj fn;k ÞvkSj fQj Hkh yksxksa us gesa oksV ugha fn;kßA mUgksaus ;g Hkh dgk Þfd bl ckr us eq>s >d>ksM+ dj j[k fn;kA eSaus eglwl fd;k fd vkfFkZd o`f) ekuoh; fodkl dh lwpd ugha gSAß

lHkh jkLrs xzkeh.k Hkkjr dh vksj tkrs gSa vc lcdh vka[ksa xzkeh.k bykdksa ij yxh gSaA miHkksDrk oLrqvksa ls yns Vªd utnhd ds xkaoksa dh vksj tk jgs gSaA vc xzkeh.k bykdksa ij dCtk djus dh rS;kjh gks jgh gSA ;s dsoy xkao dh /kwy Hkjh nqdkuksa esa flj ij yxkus okys rsy] nareatu] 'kSEiw] is; inkFkksZa] vkyw ds fpIl rd gh lhfer ugha gSA vc fuxfer Hkkjr bl ckr ij fo'okl djrk gS fd _.k nsus okyh jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjaVh dk;ZØe ¼,uvkjbZth,½ rFkk fujUrj Hkjh&iwjh Qly ls xzkeh.k leqnk; ds gkFkksa esa vfrfjDr iSlk yk fn;k gSA bl izdkj vc le; vk x;k gS fd oks xzkeh.k bykdksa ls iSlk Hkquk,aA D;k xzkeh.k Hkkjr okLro esa le`) gks jgk gS \ ;k fuxfer Hkkjr ^dk ykyp^ mUgsa ihNs dh vksj pyk jgk gSA tehuh lPpkbZ dks ns[kus ls igys ;g ns[krs gSa fd 11

cktkj fdl rjg ls viuh fn'kk cny jgs gSa \ eksckby Qksu us igys gh vkØe.k dk lk #[k viuk fy;k gSA ljdkjh lgk;rk ds bZ&'kkflr dk;ZØeksa dh enn

ls dEI;wVjksa dh fcØh dks c<+kok fey jgk gSA dkj] nqifg;k rFkkk miHkksDrk fVdkÅ oLrqvksa dk O;kikj djus okyksa dh vka[ksa NksVs cktkjks aij yxh gSaA dksdk dksyk] isIlh rFkk Mkcj bafM;k us fof'"V cktkjh dk;ZØeksa dks iqu% cktkj esa mrkjk gSA fookg m|ksx Hkh NksVs 'kgjksa dh vksj izpkj dj jgk gSA vkSj ok;nk cktkj Hkh mRlkfgr gSA ubZ fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] lSelax] uksfd;k] lSUlqbZ] fQfyIl] ek#fr] efgUnzk ,aM efgUnzk] ,yth] VkVk eksVlZ] gqUMbZ] VkVk LdkbZ] ghjksgksaMk] ,;jVys] oksMksQksu] ch,l,u,y] vkbZlhvkbZlhvkbZ rFkk uSLys vkSj dbZ vU; fuxfer cM+h daifu;ksa dh utjsa xzkeh.k cktkj ij gSaA ogka dbZ vla[; NksVh daifu;ka Hkh gSa tks vius cktkj dks cgqr NksVs 'kgjksa vkSj e/;e ntsZ ds 'kgjks dh vksj <+kyuk pkgrs gSaA

ysfdu bldk vFkZ ;s ugha fd xzkeh.k Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd Økafar vk xbZ gS cfYd bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd bl mEehn ds lkFk xkaoksa dh vkSj >qd jgs gSa fd oks xzkeh.kksa dh tsc ds cps&[kqps iSls ls viuk YkkHk dek ysaA fuxeksa dk xkaoksa dh vkSj eqM+uk m|ksfxd fFkad&VSad] O;ogkfjd vkfFkZd vuqla/kkku dk jk"Vªh; ifj"kn ¼,ulh,bZvkj½ gSA ;g ekuk tk jgk gS fd xzeh.k e/;e oxZ /khjs&/khjs o`f) dj jgk gS vkSj fuxe] xzkeh.k Hkkjr ls izfr o"kZ 60 izfr'kr dh fczdh ¼VuZ vksoj½ dh mEehn djrs gSaA Hkkjr ds xzkeh.k bykdksa ij u dsoy Hkkjr ds ?kjsyw m|ksxksa dh utj gS cfYd fo'o dh dbZ cM+h daifu;ksa dh Hkh utj gSa vesfjdh cM+s d`f"k O;kikjh& eksUlsuVks] dkjfxZy] oSyekVZ vkSj ,Mh,e tSlh fo'o dh cM+h cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka d`f"k

vuqla/kku ij Hkkjr&vesfjdh miØe] fodkl rFkk foi.ku le>kSrk ¼dsvkbZ,½ ds rgr Hkh xzkeh.k [kqnjk cktkj esa iako tek jgs gSaA bu cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa us igys gh ;s Li"V dj fn;k gS fd os d`f"k vuqla/kku ds lkFk lg;ksx djus esa Hkh #fp ugha j[krs ysfdu oks vius mRiknksa dks ogka cspus ds bPNqd Hkh gSaA

bl le>kSrs ds rgr nks vesfjdh lhusV lnL; cktkj dh laHkkoukvksa ls larq"V ugha Fks] os Hkkjrh; d`f"k cktkj dh laaHkkoukvksa ;k {kerkvksa dks tkapus ds fy, ,d foLr`r v/;;u djus dh ekax dj jgs gSaA os Hkkjrh; d`f"k {ks= dks vesfjdk d`f"k mRiknksa ds fy, [kksyus dk rdZ nsrs gSaA orZeku le; esa dsoy 5 izfr'kr vesfjdh mRikn Hkkjrh; d`f"k esa ekStwn gSA ij Li"V gS fd cM+h phyksa dh rjg cM+h daifu;ka pwgs :ih xzkeh.k vkSj NksVs bykdksa ij utjas x<+k, gSaA vkSj xkao ds NksVs pwgs vFkkZr NksVs fdlku vkSj O;kikfj;ksa dks [kqn vius&vki dks muls cpkus esa dfBukbZ eglwl gks jgh gSA eSa vkbZlhvkbZlhvkbZ ds v/;{k Jh ,p-oh-dkeFk dh dqN le; igys dgh ckr dks le> ugha ik jgk gwa mUgksaus dgk Þxzkeh.k {ks=ksa ls cgqr iSlk cuk;k tk ldrk gSAß 12

;fn ;s lp gS rks bl ckr esa dksbZ 'kd ugha gS fd Hkkjr dks 2008 esa gqbZ oSf'od Hkw[k dh rkfydk esa 88 esa ls 66 osa LFkku ij Fkk D;ksafd bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa rks mls ogha jguk FkkA Hkkjr ds 18 esa ls 12 jkT;ksa esa xqtjkr] rduhdh :Ik ls le`) dukZVd] c<+rh vkRegR;kvksa dh ?kVukvksa okys egkjk"Vª rFkk pkoy ds fy, izfl) rfeyukMq esa ^ladV^ dh fLFkfr gS vkSj bl lwph esa mUgsa ^[krjukd^ ds oxZ esa Mkyk x;k gSA ;gka rd fd Hkkjr Hkw[k dh lwph esa lc&lgkjk vÝhdk ls Hkh cgqr uhps gSA ;gka rd fd iatkc tks fd Hkkjr ds vUu HkaMkj ds :Ik esa tkuk tkrk gS mldh fLFkfr Hkh fo;ruke vkSj xcksu ls cqjh gSA Hkkjr ds xkao ijaijkxr :Ik ls O;kikj esa lrk, gq, gSaA fiNys lkyksa esa bu xkaoksa ls ftruk iSlk fy;k x;k mlls cgqr de iSls dk ogka fuos'k gqvkA dqN v/;;uksa ls irk pyrk gS fd 1000 ,dM+ dh xzkeh.k Hkwfe esa d`f"k vk/kkfjr fuos'k daifu;ka [kkn] dhVuk'kd] rFkk chtksa lfgr ml LFkku ds vk/kkj ij izfr o"kZ vkSlr 30 djksM+ ls 70 djksM+ #i, ds chp [kpkZ djrh gSA ;fn ;s iSLkk Hkh xkaoksa esa okfil igqap tk, rks Hkkjr ds xkaoksa dh lwjr vf/kd pedrh gqbZ vkSj [kq'kgky fn[kkbZ nsxhA ogka ij vkidks laxfBr dtZ nsus okyksa dh t:jr ugha gS cfYd ogka lw{e foÙkh; jkLrs ls xjhc Hkksys&Hkkys yksxksa dk 'kks"k.k fd;k tkrk gSA ;|fi 500 yk[k xjhc ifjokjksa dks lw{e foÙk iznku fd;k x;k gSA okLro esa xjhcksa dks dtZ nsus ds ckn muls tcjnLrh vkSlr ls 20 ls 24 #i, dh nj ls mPp C;kn nsuk gksrk gSA ;fn vki 'kgjh dsUnzksa esa bruk C;kt nsaxs rks vkidk gkFk Åij gksxk vkSj rc xjhcksa dks ÞleFkZß djuk gksxkA

c<+rk d`f"k ladV f}rh; gfjr Økafr dh my>uksa dks le>us ls igys ;g vko';d gS fd ge igys ls le> ysa fd fdl rjg ls rhoz d`f"k i+)fr us gkf'k, ij jgus okys fdlkuksa rFkk

NksVs fdlkuksa dks ykHk igqapk;kA d`f"k ls gksus okyk ykHk vkt yxkrkj ?kV jgk gSA blfy, yxHkx 40 izfr'kr fdlkuksa us jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k laxBu ¼,u,l,lvks½ dks crk;k fd vc d`f"k&m|ksx ykHkdkjh ugha jg x;k rFkk vc os d`f"k {ks= dks NksM+dj vU; fodYIkksa dh ryk'k dj jgs gSaA vkt d`f"k {ks= ds dkj.k gksus okyh le`f) vn`'; gksrh tk jgh gS vkSj dqN lkyksa ckn fdlkuksa ij _.k Hkkj dh ek=k cgqr c<+ tk,xhA gky gh esa gqbZ ih-,-;w- ds v/;;u ds vuqlkj iatkc esa yxHkx 89 izfr'kr fdlku ifjokj dtZs ds cks> ls ncs gSaA izR;sd d`f"k&ifjokj ij yxHkx 1-78 yk[k #i;s dk dtZ gSA vU; 'kCnksa esa izR;sd gsDVs;j Hkwfe j[kus okys fdlku ij 50]140 #i, dk dtZ ckdh gSA d`f"k

etnwjksa dh fLFkfr rks vkSj Hkh cn~rj gSA vkSj bldk vanktk xkaoksa esa yxkrkj gksus okyh ekSrksa ls Li"V gksrk gSA 1997 ls jk"Vªh; Økbe fjdkMZ C;wjks ds vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj 1-82 yk[k ls vf/kd fdlkuksa us vkRegR;k dj yh gSA ;gka rd fd vUu le`) le>s tkus okys mÙkjh jkT; iatkc ds fdlku Hkh viuh tku ys jgs gSaA fiNys 9 lky esa iatkc ds dqy 20 esa ls dsoy nks ftyksa HkfVaMk vkSj lax#j ds 2990 fdlkuksa us vkRegR;k dhA mÙkj izns'k esa xUuk fdlkuksa us] egkjk"Vª esa dikl iSnk djus okyksa us Hkh vkRegR;k,a dhA dsjy] if'peh caxky] dukZVd] e/; izns'k] NÙkhlx<+] mM+hlk rFkk rfeyukMq ds fdlkuksa us Hkh vkRegR;k,a dhA gfjr Økafr ds 40 lky ckn vkt d`f"k ,d ?kkVs dk m|ksx gks xbZ gS izR;sd o"kZ

vkSj vf/kd ls vf/kd fdlkuksa dh gkyr [kjkc gksrh tk jgh gSA ;gka rd fd d`f"k ds {ks= esa le`) ekus tkus okys vkSj ns'k ds yksxksa dh Fkkyh esa vukt igqapkus okys iatkc ds fdlku dh vkSlr vk; izfrekg dsoy 3]200 #i, ij fleV xbZ gSA vc gekjs eu esa ;s loky dkSa/krk gS fd gekjh xzkeh.k le`f) dks D;k gks x;k gS \ 'kk;n ge lc bldk tokc tkurs gSa] fd D;ksa vkt iatkc ds vf/kd ls vf/kd fdlku d`f"k NksM+us dks etcwj gSa \

d`"kd vkcknh ds yxHkx 80 izfr'kr fdlkuksa dks viuh 85 izfr'kr vk; d`f"k dk;ksZa rFkk ifjokj ds lnL;ksa }kjk jkstxkj l`tu dk;ZØeksa esa etnwjh djds izkIr gksrh gSA cfYd pkSadkus okyk rF; lkeus vk;k gS fd fiNys dqN lkyksa esa vkSlr fdlkuksa dh vk; ns'k ds /;kM+h etnwjksa ls Hkh de gks xbZ gSA mÙkj izns'k ds fdlkuksa dh vk; lcls de vFkkZr izfr ekg 1630 #i, gSA e/; izns'k ] jktLFkku rFkk mM+hlk ds fdlkuksa dh vk; muls FkksM+h csgrj gSA tEew d'ehj esa izfr ekg 5]500 #i, dks mPp d`f"k vk; ekuk x;k gSA mlds ckn iatkc vkSj dsjy ds fdlkuksa dh vk; vkrh gSA d`f"k ea=ky; ds v/;;uksa ds vuqlkj fiNys ikap lkyksa esa fdlkuksa dh vk; esa deh vkbZ gSA vkSj ;g deh ml nkSjku vf/kd vkbZ tc 'kgjh {ks= Åij dh vksj o`f) djrs fn[kkbZ ns jgs FksA iatkc esa xSj d`f"k jkstxkj volj Hkh de gksrs tk jgs gSa] dHkh /kUu&/kkU; ds :Ik esa le`) le>s tkus okys fdlku vkt dke ds fy, fons'kksa esa tkus esa gh le>nkjh le>us yxs gSaA Vªsoy ,tsafl;ka fons'kksa esa lsok m|ksx {ks= esa tYnh vkSj vPNh ukSdjh fnykus dk oknk dj jgh gSA iatkc ds fdlku Hkh bUgha vPNh le>ha tkus okyh vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa ds f'kdkj gSa tks fd okLro esa fdlkuksa dk uqdlku dj jgh gSaA eq>s blh rjg dh izo`fr vU; LFkkuksa ij Hkh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa vkt ,d ubZ rjg dh le`f) ds fy, mRlkg gSA os dg jgs gSa fd vkt Hkkjr ped 14

jgk gSA vkt v[kckjksa dh lqf[kZ;ka crk jgh gSa fd fdlkuksa dks le`f) dk u;k jkLrk fey x;k gSA ge vkt xzkeh.k bykdksa ds izR;sd dksus vkSj ns'k ds izR;sd fdukjs ij ,d NksVh d`f"k Økafr ds ckjs esa lqurs gSaA gesa ;s dgk tk jgk gS fd vxys Hkkx esa xzkeh.k cktkj rFkk xzkeh.k Hkkjr esa o`f) dh mEehn gSA ?kjsyw [kqnjk cktkj ds ys[ks esa yxHkx vk/ks ls vf/kd vFkkZr yxHkx 300 vjc vesfjdh Mkyj dh o`f) gksus dh mEehn gSA vkSj vkt ehfM+;k lQyrk dh bu dgkfu;ksa ls Hkjk iM+k gSA 2008 esa 71]000 djksM+ _.k ekQ fd;k x;k] ftlls d`f"k dh o`f) nqxuh vFkkZr 3 izfr'kr gks xbZ gSA dqN ;s Hkh dgrs gSa fd ,uvkjbZth, ds rgr 100 fnu ds jkstxkj xkjaVh dk;ZØe ls xzkeh.k Hkwfeghu yksxksa dks leFkZ cuk;k tk jgk gS bl ckr ls dksbZ Hkh badkj ugha djrk fd fiNys pkj lkyksa esa pkoy rFkk xsgwa dh miyC/k dherksa esa Øe'k% 61 izfr'kr ls 69 izfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ gSA 2007&08 esa dikl dh miyC/k dhersa izfr fdyks 2050 ls c<+dj 2008&09 esa 3000 izfr fdyks gks xbZ gSa ftlds ifj.kkeLo:Ik 90 izfr'kr vukt ljdkjh ,tsafl;ksa }kjk [kjhn fy;k x;kA ;g xjhch ls f?kjs xzkeh.k leqnk; ds fy, jkgr gS vkSj o"kZ 2009 esa gksus okys vke pqukoksa ds ckn ;s fLFkfr vkSj Li"V gks tk,xhA

[kk| Mkdqvksa }kjk Hkwfe ij dCtk dksdZ] vk;jySaM esa gq, bZfjl vdky ds 150 lky iwjs gksus ds ckn blds ckjs esa ckr djrs gq, 'kgj ds es;j us yksxksa dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, dgk Þgekjk lekt fdruk ccZj Fkk fd tc yksx Hkw[k vkSj Hkq[kejh ls ej jgs Fks ml le; ns'k dk vukt tgktksa esa yndj iM+kslh ns'k fczVsu esa fu;kZr fd;k tk jgk FkkAß dksdZ vk;jySaM] esa yXkHkx 160 lky igys fo'kky bfjl vkyw vkdky ¼ bfjl iVsVks½ iM+kA vkt ml vkdky ds 160 lky ckn ,slk yxrk gS fd vkt fo'o ml

ccZj gkyr ls Hkh vf/kd ccZj vkSj veaxydkjh fLFkfr ds fy, tehu rS;kj dj jgk gSSA bl le; fo'o] fons'kh d`f"k Hkwfe esa fuos'k dk Xokg gS & vkt lkS gtkjksa gsDVs;j mitkÅ Hkwfe [kjhn jgs gSa & vkSj os mUgsa Hkwfe laink cukus esa yxs gSaA dbZ [kk| rFkk foÙkh; daifu;ka fons'kksa esa d`f"k Hkwfe esa fuos'k dj jgh gSa rFkk os vius [kqn ds fy, d`f"k etnwj j[kdj rduhdh RkFkk midj.kksa ls mRiknu dj jgs gSaA oSf'od foÙkh; eanh us ykHk dk futhdj.k vkSj uqdlku dk lkekthdj.k dj fn;kA

vkt [kk| mRiknu dh ubZ vo/kkj.kk ^vkmVlksflZax^ dk pyu gS& blesa fons'kksa esa tehu [kjhndj vUu iSnk fd;k tkrk gS& blls fuos'kd ns'k dks rks [kk| lqj{kk fey tkrh gS rFkk vU; yksx Hkw[k] Hkq[kejh rFkk Hkkstu dh deh ls xzLr gks tkrs gSaA mPp Lrj dh d`f"k izkIr djus ds okrkoj.k esa& e`nk dk loZuk'k 15

gksrk gS] tehu ds uhps dk ikuh lw[k x;k rFkk jlk;uksa us ifjfLFkfr dks u"V dj fn;k ftldk uqdlku ckdh ns'kokfl;ksa dks pqdkuk iM+ jgk gSA [kk| lqj{kk ds uke ij lcls dfBu ckr ;g gS fd fo'o [kk| mRiknu rFkk forj.k pSuy dqN vUrjkZ"Vªh; d`f"k O;kikfjd daifu;ksa ds gkFk esa vk x;k gS tks cM+s QaMksa ls f?kjs gSaA Hkwfe gfFk;kus ds dkj.k vkcknh dk cM+k Hkkx foLFkkfir gks jgk gS vkSj fo'o cSad bls izksRlkfgr dj jgk gSA [kk| J`a[kyk dks fu;af=r dj jgk gS vkSj futh fuos'kdksa ds gkFk esa ns jgk gSA fo'o Hkj esa ,slk gh gks jgk gSA Hkkjr esa dukZVd esa igys tehu dh j[khn ij jksd yxh Fkh ftls vc gVk, tkus dh rS;kjh dh tk jgh gS ftlls fons'kh fuos'kdksa dks

Hkze esa Mkyk tk jgk gSA futh {ks= vk/kkfjr jkT; O;kikj fuxe ¼,lVhlh½ lfgr xqtjkr vaacqtk] #fp lks;k m|ksx rFkk >qu>quokyk ouLifr fy- 10]000 gSDVs;j mRiknd Hkwfe dks ijkxq;s] mjxqos rFkk ySfVu vesfjdk esa czkthy esa ys jgh gSA lks;kchu rFkk frygu dh [ksrh ds fy, ys jgh gSA Hkkjrh; daifu;ka nkyksa dk mRiknu djus ds fy, cekZ dk #[k dj jgh gSa rFkk baMksusf'k;k esa [ktwj dh [ksrh djuk pkgrk gSA blds ckn vkLVªsfy;k vkSj dukMk esa Hkwfe dh [kjhnkjh dh tk jgh gSA jk"Vªh; dkuwuksa esa lq/kkj gks jgk gSA Hkkjrh; [kk| rFkk d`f"k ea=ky; vkmVlksflZax esa #fp ys jgk gSA fjtZo cSad bfDle cSad ds lkFk orZeku esa bu daifu;ksa ds }kjk fons'kksa esa Hkwfe [kjhnus] _.k iznku djus ds orZeku dkuwu ls fpafrr gSA u dsoy Hkkjr esa cfYd jk"Vªh; dkuuw vtZsUVhuk ls eaxksfy;k rFkk vkLVªsfy;k ls #l rd nksckjk fy[ks tk jgs gSa rkfd fons'kksa esa d`f"k Hkwfe [kjhnus esa vklkuh gks vkSj fons'kh daifu;ka vklkuh ls tehu [kjhn ik,aA ikfdLrku esa vUu ds ladV ds fy, iz/kkuea=h ;qlqQ jt+k fxykuh us lkmnh vjc dh ;k=k ls ykSVus ds ckn twu ekg ds e/; esa bl u, rjhds ij mRlkg fn[kk;kA vkf[kjdkj fons'kh fuos'k dh vko';drk eglwl dh xbZ vkSj mUgksaus gtkjksa gsDVs;j mRikn d`f"k Hkwfe dks cspus dk QSlyk fd;kA rHkh dVkj us vius [kk| mRikn dk ikfdLrkku esa iatkc dks vkmlkslZ djuk r; fd;kA tgka] 25]000 xkaoksa dks foLFkkfir gksuk iM+k FkkA lkmnh vjc Hkh baMksusf'k;k esa fejk;qd vuqekur% 16 yk[k gsDVs;j Hkwfe dks pkoy iSnk djus ds fy, ysuk pkgrk gS rkfd og vius [kqn ds ns'k ls nksckjk fu;kZr dj ldsA lkmnh vjc dh ,dek= [kkM+h ns'k ugha gS tks fd fdlh vU; LFkku ij Hkwfe dh ryk'k dj jgk gSA lkmnh vjc cgjku] dqoSr] dÙkj] vkseu] tksMZu rFkk la;qDr vjc vehjkr lfgr [kkM+h fuxfer ifj"kn ¼thlhlh½ dh lnL;rk okys vU; ns'k Hkh fuos'k ds cnys esa fons'kh Hkwfe dks vLohdkj djrs gSaA Hkwfe ds lkSns ,f'k;k esa ykml]

baMksusf'k;k] fQyhihUl] fo;ruke] dacksfM;k] ikfdLrku] FkkbZySaM rFkk cekZ( 16

dsUnzh; ,f'k;k rFkk ;wjksi esa ;qØsu] dtkfdLrku] ftvksZft;k] :l rFkk VdhZ( vÝhdk esa lqMku] ;qxkUMk esa Hkh Hkwfe le>kSrs izHkkfor dj jgs gSaA bl ckr dh vuqHkwfr gS fd rsy ls gksus okyh vkenuh bruh vkcknh dk isV ugha Hkj ldrh] tSls fd orZeku esa oSf'od [kk| ladV ds nkSjku ns[kk x;k tc lqij cktkj dh nqdkuksa ls [kk| lkexzh xk;c gks xbZ] [kkM+h ns'k viuh Hkfo"; dh [kk| t:jrksa ds fy, fuos'k dj jgs gSaA Hkwfe ij dCtk djus esa phu Hkh ,d egRoiw.kZ ns'k gks x;k gSA c<+rs gq, fo/oa'k ds ckn mldh [ksrh ij thfor jgus okyh ;k [ksrh djus okyh vkcknh 'kgjksa dh vksj iyk;u dj jgh gS] vkt phu Hkwfe ij cgqr [kpZ dj jgk gSA vHkh rd 30 Hkwfe le>kSrs fd, tk pqds gSa ftuesa vf/kdrj vÝhdk] dsUnzh; ,f'k;k] vkLVªsfy;k]

fQfyihUl esa gSaA phu [kk| mRikn dk vkmVlksflZax djus ds fy, ,d d`f"k uhfr cukus dh rS;kjh dj jgk gSA buesa ls dbZ le>kSrs rks pqipki dj fy, x, gSaA #fpdj ckr gS fd phu vius jkT; {ks= ls ckgj Hkwfe ns[k jgk gS] tkiku dh d`f"k O;kikfjd daifu;ka nf{k.k dksfj;k rFkk vesfjdk viuh d`f"k O;kikfjd xfrfof/k;ksa ij fu;a=.k j[k jgk gSA

Pkhu esa vkcknh ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij tk jgh gS& fdlku d`f"k {ks=ksa dks NksM+dj 'kgjksa dh vksj tk jgs gSa& ftlls lkekftd rkus&ckus dks uqdlku gks jgk gS vkSj dHkh&dHkh rks ;g lkekftd v'kkafr [kwuh :Ik Hkh ys ysrh gSA phu ds v[kckjksa ls Li"V gS fd phu ljdkj ds vkf/kdkfjd yksxksa ds vuqlkj xzkeh.k izfrjks/k esa o`f) gks jgh gSA tgka fiNys 11 lky igys ;s 10]000 Fks ogka vkt 2005&06 esa ;s 75]000 gks x, gSaA vuqekur% jkst 250 izfrjks/k gks jgs gSaA nsgkr esa c<+rs vks|kSxhdj.k ls LFkkfir d`f"k i)fr dk fouk'k gqvk gSA blfy, ns'k ds ckgj d`f"k Hkwfe dh ryk'k djuk t:jh gks x;kA Hkkjr Hkh phu dh rjg va/kh nkSM+ esa 'kkfey gks x;k gS og Hkh mUgha nks"kiw.kZ jkLrkasa ij py fudyk gSA feJ] tgka gky gh esa [kk| naxs gq, vkSj tc jgL; [kqyk rks irk pyk fd 840]000 gssDVs;j ;k ;qxkaMk dh d`f"k Hkwfe dk 2-2 izfr'kr Hkwfe dks iês ij nsus ds le>kSrk

tkjh FkkA xsgwa vkSj Tokj ds mRiknu ds fy, mUgsa okil ys fy;k x;kA mlh le; feJ ds fdlkuksa us D;wuk ftys esa tkikuh cM+s d`f"k O;kikjh dksfccwlku ds LokfeRo okyh 16]000 gSDVs;j Hkwfe dks cpkus ds fy, la?k"kZ fd;kA dbZ vU; ns'kksa dks Hkh blh leL;k dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gS & tcfd oks dgha vksj Hkwfe dh ryk'k dj jgs gSaA mudh [kqn dh d`f"k Hkwfe vU; fons'kh daifu;ksa }kjk [kjhnh tk jgh gSA

,d fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj ÞdCtk% 2008 [kk| rFkk foÙkh; lqj{kk ds fy, Hkwfe ij dCtkß ;g cflZyksuk vk/kkfjr xzsu] tkiku ds [kk| fuxe v'kkbZ] bVks;w] 17

lqfeVkseks rFkk felwfclh& us 2006&08 esa tSfod [kk| inkFkksZa ds mRiknu ds fy, iês fy,] phu] czkthy] vÝhdk rFkk dsUnzh; ,f'k;k esa tehu [kjhnhA blesa gSjkuh dh ckr ugha fd tkiku u dsoy fuxeksa dks mldh d`f"k Hkwfe [kjhnus dh vuqefr ns jgk gS cfYd bu daifu;ksa dks gj txg gjs pkjkxkg fn[kkbZ ns jgs gSaA lkmFk&dksfj;k esa tgka ljdkj vkmlkslZ dh enn dj jgh gS oks fizLVhu eaxksfy;k esa tehu [kjhn jgh gS vkSj ml lac/k esa /kedh ns jgs gSa] os fo'o ds izkd`frd /ku iznku djus okyh ikfjfLFkfrdh; i)fr dks /kedh ns jgs gSaA vkidks ;g tkudj gSjkuh gksxh fd ^dj^ nsus okyksa dks cgqr vf/kd iSls nsus iM+rs gSaA xksYMesu lpl rFkk Mvksosp cSad phu ds i'kq/ku m|ksx ij utj x<+k, gSaA eksjxu LVsuyh us ;qØsu esa 40]000 gSDVs;j Hkwfe [kjhnhA fczfV'k fuos'k ny ySaMdkse us ;qØsu esa 100]000 gsDVs;j Hkwfe yhA nks LohMhlh fuos'k daiuh CySd vFkZQkfeZax rFkk ,yidksV&,xzks us Øe'k% 331]000 gsDVs;j rFkk 128]000 gSDVs;j d`f"k Hkwfe :l esa [kjhnhA lkmFk&dksfj;k dh cM+h daiuh Mscw Hkwfe ij dCtk djus okyh lHkh daifu;ksa esa ls lcls cM+h daiuh gSA mlus esMk?kkLdj esa 12 yk[k gsDVs;j Hkwfe dks 99 lky ds iês ij fy;k] tks fd bl vÝhdh ns'k esa yxHkx vk/kh gSA yksxksa ds izfrjks/k us var esa bl le>kSrs dks Bqdjk fn;kA [kk| lkexzh dh jktuhfrd vFkZO;oLFkk fuf'pr :Ik ls nksckjk fy[kh tkuh pkfg,] D;ksafd blesa cgqr my>usa gSaA

Hkkx , d fQj ls ekYFkl ds paxqy esa

1 + [kk|kUu % ,d gfFk;kj Ñf"k ea=h lh- lqczã.;e vius ofj"B vf/kdkfj;ksa ls fQjs cSBs gSA okrkoj.k esa ruko O;kIr gSA 12000 ehy nwj ls vk;kfrr [kk|kUu ij fuHkZjrk us eqlhcr iSnk dj nh gS] D;ksafd vukt FkksM+k&FkksM+k Vidk;k tk jgk gSA ;g viekutud fLFkfr vejhdh jk"Vªifr fy.Mu tkWulu dh ukjktxh dh otg ls iSnk gqbZ gS tks fd Hkkjr dks lcd fl[kkuk pkgrs gSA gekjs Ñf"k ea=h lqczã.;e lkgc blfy, ijs'kku gSa fd iwjs ns'k dks f[kykus yk;d vukt cl nks g¶rs dh HkjikbZ dj ldsxk vkSj ckgj ls vukt vkus ds vklkj utj ugha vk jgsA Þvkf[kjh dne ds :i esa eSaus vius vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj fo'ks"kKksa ls dgk fd irk djks fd xsgwa ls Hkjk dksbZ tgkt gekjs vklikl ds leqnz ls dgha tk jgk gks rks ge vejhdh jk"Vªifr ls fourh djsaxs fd os mldk #[k gekjs ns'k dh vksj eksM+us ds vkns'k tkjh djs]a D;ksafd nwljs ns'k 'kk;n Ng&lkr g¶rs bartkj dj ldsxsaAß ;g ?kVuk gS lu~ 1966&67 dhA ml lky Hk;adj lw[kk iM+k Fkk vkSj Hkkjr dks 110 yk[k Vu vukt vk;kr djuk iM+k FkkA mlls lkyHkj igys 100 yk[k Vu vukt eaxkuk iM+k FkkA bUgha fnuksa mu iSMksd&ca/kqvks dh fdrkc ÞQSehu% 1975ß Nidj vkbZ] ftUgsa ^fouk'k dk elhgk* dgk tkrk gSA mUgksaus Qrok fn;k Fkk fd lu~ lÙkjkfnd ds e/; rd de ls de vk/kk fgUnqLRkku Hkq[kejh dk f'kdkj gks pqdsxkA fofy;e iSMksd vkSj ikWy iSMksd ds bl fu"d"kZ ls vlger gksus okys yksx de gh Fks] D;ksafd ,d rks Hkkjr esa vdky vkSj Hkw[k dk yack flyflyk xqykeh ds fnuksa ls gh pyk vk jgk Fkk vkSj vktknh ds ckn Hkh 'kq: esa ljdkj bl fn'kk esa dksbZ Bksl dke ugha dj ikbZ FkhA tks ns'k ^tgkt ls eqag* dh fLFkfr esa xqtkjk dj jgk gks] mlds cpus dh mEehn dSls dh tkrhA lu~ 1947 esa Lora= gksrs gh Hkkjr [kk|kUu lgk;rk dk eqag tksgus yxk Fkk vkSj vly esa bl lnh dk lcls cM+k [kk| vk;krd cu x;k FkkA lcls igys lu~ 1951 esa ns'k ds dbZ fgLlksa esa iM+s lw[ks ls iSnk gqbZ vukt dh deh iwjh djus ds fy, dksbZ 20 yk[k Vu vukt ckgj ls eaxkuk iM+k FkkA vktknh ds ckn dk ;g igyk cM+k [kk| ladV FkkA fiNys yxHkx ,d lkS o"kksZa esa vdky vkSj Hkq[kejh ls Hkkjr dks u tkus fdruh ckj tw>uk iM+k gSA

lu~ 1947 ls igys dk Hkkjrh; bfrgkl vdky] lw[kk vkSj vukt ds ladV dk bfrgkl ekuk tk ldrk gSA lu~ 1770 ls ysdj lu~ 1880 rd vukt dh deh vkSj vdky dh 27 ?kVuk,a ntZ dh xb±A lu~ 1850 ls 'kq: gq, 20 vdky yxHkx 200 yk[k Hkkjrokfl;ksa dks fuxy x,A bldk ,d cM+k dkj.k Fkk xyr mifuos'kh uhfr;ka] ftudk ,d gh y{; Fkk fd fgUnqLrku ds yksx ft,a ;k ejsa] gesa rks yanu dh frtkSfj;ka Hkjuh gSaA tc vaxzstksa us iwjs ns'k esa 19oh lnh ds iwokZ)Z esa lM+d vkSj jsy ifjogu 'kq: djk fn;k rks os fdlkuksa ij ncko Mkyus yxs fd os ,slh Qlysa mxk,a ftudk fu;kZr fd;k tk ldsA bl rjg fdlku uxnh Qlysa mxkus ds fy, etcwj fd, x, tSls fd uhy dh [ksrh] dikl] iksLr ¼vQhe½ vkSj bZ[kA bl rjg vukt okyh Qlyks dh [ksrh fldqM+rh pyh xbZA nwljs 'kCnksa esa dgsa rks xqyke Hkkjr esa vaxzstksa us [ksrh ds lq/kkj dh fn'kk fczfV'k dkj[kkuksa ds fy, dPpk eky iSnk djus dh vksj eksM+ nhA chloha lnh ds iwokZ)Z esa Hkh Hkkjr dk fons'k&O;kikj blh vkSifuosf'kd uhfr dk f'kdkj cuk jgk vkSj ;gka ls baXySaM ds fy, vukt] dikl] iVlu ¼twV½] frygu] vQhe vkSj uhy Hkstk x;kA blds foijhr baXySaM ls cl cuk&cuk;k lkeku vkrk jgkA vktknh ls igys gekjh [ksrh dh gkyr ;g Fkh fd tks lcls vPNh mitkÅ tehusa Fkha] muesa uxnh Qlysa mxkbZ tkrh jgha] tc fd T;knkrj cph&[kqph ?kfV;k tehusa vukt okyh Qlyksa ds iYys iM+haA budh tSnkokj lkekU; o"kksZa esa Hkh de gksrh FkhA bl rjg nwljs egk;q) rd vuktks dh iSnkokj yxkrkj ?kVrh jghA ?kjsyw lzksrksa ls vukt dh izfrO;fDr miyC/krk esa Hkh Hkkjh deh vkbZA c<+rh vkcknh vkSj ?kVrs [kk|&mRiknu ds chp iryk&lk larqyu j[kus dh dksf'k'k esa Hkkjr ,d rks [kk|&vk;krd cu x;k vkSj nwljh vksj izfrO;fDr vuktksa dh [kir dks [krjukd Lrj rd ?kVk fn;kA nwljs egk;q) ds ckn [kk|kUu dh U;wure vko';drk vkSj vkiwfrZ ds chp ;g xgjh [kkbZ cjkcj cuh jghA lu~ lkBkfnd rd Hkkjrh; Ñf"k ?kjsyw t:jrksa dks iwjh djus esa vleFkZ jgh vkSj Hkkjr dks nwljs ns'kksa ds vkljs viuk isV Hkjus ds fy, etcwj gksuk iM+kA vkcknh vkSj vUu dh o`f) ns'kksa ds chp c<+rh [kkbZ ds [krjukd urhtksa dks Hkkaidj Hkkjr ljdkj us ^[kk| mRiknu c<+kvks* dk ukjk nsdj vuktksa dh iSnkokj c<kus dk dk;ZØe 'kq: fd;kA bl rjg vkfFkZd fu;kstu dh fn'kk [kk|kUu esa vkRefuHkZjrk dh vksj eksM+h xbZA lu~ 1951 esa [kk|kUu&vk;kr ds ckn cuh igyh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa Ñf"k fodkl ij lcls T;knk tksj fn;k x;kA bl rjg lu~ ipklkfnd esa [kk|kUu mRiknu c<+kus ds fy, vusd mik; fd, x, tSls fd Hkwfe&lq/kkj] flapkbZ&fodkl] moZjd&mRiknu] Ñf"k&vuql/a kku vkSj jk"Vªh; Ñf"k foLrkj&lsok bR;kfnA blds QyLo:i ipklkfnd ds e/; esa vFkZO;oLFkk ij dqN vPNk vlj iM+kA 21

;gh og le; Fkk] tc ljdkj us Ñf"k&vuqla/kku ds fy, vejhdk dk ^ySaM xzkaV ekWMy* viuk;k vkSj Ñf"k fo'ofo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk dhA igyk Ñf"k fo'ofo|ky; iar uxj ¼rRdkyhu mÙkjizns'k vkSj vc mÙkjkapy½ esa [kksyk x;k] xksfoan oYYkHk iar ds uke ijA blds ckn lHkh jkT;ksa esa budh LFkkiuk dh xbZA ySaM xzkaV ekWMy esa fo'ofo|ky; dks i;kZIr tehu vuqnku ds :i esa nh tkrh gS vkSj f'k{kk vuqla/kku rFkk foLrkj rhuksa ds chp xgjk rkyesy fcBkdj ubZ rduhdksa dh [kkst djus mUgsa iz;ksx'kkyk ls [ksrksa rd igqapkus ij cy fn;k tkrk gSA lu~ 1961 esa ljdkj us ^l?ku Ñf"k ftyk dk;ZØe ¼vkbZ , Mh ih & baVsaflo ,xzhdYpj fMfLVªDV izksxzke½* 'kq: fd;k A blesa flafpr {ks=ksa esa Ñf"k&mRiknu c<+kus ij cy fn;k x;kA gkykafd bldk mÌs'; lq/kjs chtksa dks mudh [ksrh ds lq/kjs rjhdksa ds lkFk izpfyr djuk Fkk] ysfdu xsgwa dh vf/kd mit nsus okyh fdLEkksa dh deh ds dkj.k dk;ZØe ds okafNr ifj.kke ugha fey ldsA

gfjr Økafr ml le; xsgwa dh tks fdLesa miyC/k Fkha os yacs rus okyh Fkha tks rst gok pyrs gh ilj tkrh Fkha vkSj vf/kd moZjd vkSj flapkbZ Hkh cnkZ'r ugha dj ldrh FkhaA vr% oSKkfud ,slh fdLeksa dh ryk'k djus yx x, tks vf/kd [kkn&ikuh ipkdj vf/kd iSnkokj nsa vkSj ml le; dh ,d Vu xsgwa izfr gSDVj ds 'kkspuh; mit&Lrj ls Åij mB ldsaA Ñf"k oSKkfud bl fn'kk esa iz;kl dj jgs Fks vkSj iru&jks/kh fdLesa fodflr djus esa yxs Fks tks gok vkSj [kkn ikuh ls fxjsa ughaA ysfdu dksbZ [kkl lQyrk ugha feyhA bl deh dks iwjk fd;k Mk- ukWeZu cksyksZu us tks fd mu fnuksa eSfDldks esa fLFkr ^flfeV uked varjkZ"Vªh; xsgaw vkSj eDdk vuqla/kku dsUnz esa dk;Zjr FksA Mk- ,e-,lLokfeukFku ds vkxzg ij Mk- cksyksZu us flfeV esa fodflr xsagw dh dqN ckSuh fdLeksa ds cht ubZ fnYyh esa fLFkr Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqla/kku laLFkku dks HkstsA ;g laLFkku fdlkuksa ds chp iwlk bULVhV~;wV ds uke ls e'kgwj gSA bUgsa iwlk ds [ksrksa ij mxkdj ns[kk x;k rks urhts vPNs fudysA vxys nks&rhu lky rd vf[ky Hkkjrh; lefUor xsgwa vuqla/kku izk;kstuk ds varxZr bu ckSus xsgwavksa ds ijh{k.k fd, x,A rc vxLr 1964 esa Mk- ,e-,l- LokfeukFku us ckSus xsgqavksa ds jk"Vªh; izn'kZu yxkus dk lq>ko fn;kA mu fnuksa Mk- LokfeukFku iwlk bULVhV~;wV esa ikS/k&iztuu vkSj vkuqoaf'kdh foHkkx ds v/;{k FksA ckn esa os Hkkjrh; gfjr&Økafr ds tud cusA jk"Vªh; izn'kZu dk;ZØe ds varxZr fdlkuksa ds [ksrksa ij ubZ fdLeksa dks mxkdj fn[kk;k x;kA y{; ;g Fkk fd ,d rks iz;ksx'kkyk ds ckgj fdlku ds [ksr bu fdLeksa dh tkap gks tk,xh vkSj vPNh iSnkokj feyh rks lHkh fdlku ,d nwljs dh ns[kkns[kh bu fdLeksa dks mxkus ds fy, ykykf;r gks tk,axsA

bl ckjs esa Mk- LokfeukFku us crk;k fd tc oSKkfudksa dh enn ls NksVs fdlkuksa us jk"Vªh; izn'kZu ds v/khu vius [ksrksa ij ckSus xsgqavksa ls ikap Vu izfr gSDVj rd iSnkokj yh rks fdlkuks dks yxk fd ;g rks peRdkj gks x;kA gj dksbZ ckSus xsgwa mxkus ds fy, cht ekaxus yxkA lu~ 1963&64 esa dqy pkj gSDVj {ks= esa ckSus xsgwa cks, x, FksA ;s lu~ 1971&72 esa ckSus xsgaw dk {ks= c<+dj 40 yk[k gSDVj gks x;kA ,d NksVk&lk ljdkjh dk;ZØe fo'kky tu&vfHk;ku cu x;kA Mk- LokfeukFku~ dh igy ij gh lu~1966 esa Hkkjr ljdkj us ckSus xsgaw dk 18000 Vu cht eSfDldks ls eaxok;k] rkfd mÙkj&if'peh {ks= esa mldh le; ij cqvkbZ gks tk,A bl rjg lu~ lkBkfnd ds e/; esa Hkkjr esa gfjr&Økafr ds cht cks, x,A blds ckn tks gqvk og rks bfrgkl esa Lo.kkZ{kjksa ls fy[kk tk pqdk gSSA lu~ 1968 esa xsgwa dk mRiknu c<dj 170 yk[k Vu rd igqap x;kA lu~ 1964 esa vktknh ds ckn dk vf/kdre xsgwa mRiknu 120 yk[k Vu gqvk FkkA 1968 esa ;g mlls 50 yk[k Vu vf/kd gqvkA rRdkyhu iz/kkuea=h Jherh bafnjk xka/kh us Ñf"k&mRiknu esa bl vk'p;Ztud o`f) dks ekU;rk iznku djrs gq, ,d fo'ks"k Mkd fVdV tkjh fd;k ftl ij fy[kk Fkk & xsgaw Økafr* vkSj xsgaw dh ckfy;ksa vkSj iwlk ds iqLrdky; ds lqifjfpr ?kaVk?kj dh rLohj cuh FkhA xsgwa&mRiknu esa feyh ;g lQyrk /kku esa Hkh nqgjkbZ xbZ] ftlesa varjkZ"Vªh; /kku vuqla/kku laLFkku ¼bjhZ½ euhyk] fQfyihUl ls feys ckSus /kkuksa dk fo'ks"k ;ksxnku jgkA blh rjg dikl ] xUuk] Tokj&cktjk vkSj fryguksa esa Hkh mRikndrk c<+hA

vdkyksa ls NqVdkjk vdky ls cpus dh tks j.kuhfr Hkkjr esa viukbZ xbZ mlesa os lHkh vko';d rRo Fks ftuds fy, yxkrkj iz;kl djus dh vko';drk gksrh gSA lu~ 1965 esa Ñf"k ewY; vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ] ftldk mÌs'; Fkk fdlkuksa dks mudh Qly dk mfpr ewY; lqfuf'pr djukA ;g vk;ksx ,d Lok;Ùk fudk; ¼vkWVksuksel ckWMh½ gSA ;g 22 Ñf"k ftalksa dh ykxr vkSj ewY; r; djuk gSA ewY; bl rjg r; fd;k tkrk gS fd ykxr ds fglkc ls fdlku dks equkQk gks] rkfd og iSnkokj vf/kdkf/kd c<+kus ds fy, izksRlkfgr gksA mnkgj.k ds fy, lu~ 1972 ls 1981 ds chp xsgaw dh dher 71 izfr'kr c<kdj r; dh xbZA blh vof/k esa /kku dh dher 81 izfr'kr c<+kbZ xbZA ckn esa Hkh /kku&Økafr esa fdlkuksa dk tks'k cuk, j[kus ds fy, /kku dk leFkZu ewY; cjkcj Åapk j[kk x;kA bl rjg gfjr&Økafr dh 'kq:vkr ds le; ewY;&uhfr dk iyM+k xsgaw dh vksj >qdk jgk] tc fd lÙKkjkfnd ds e/; esa ;g /kku dh vksj >qd x;kA nwljh vksj fryguksa vkSj nyguksa dh dhersa r; djus esa #[k mYVk jgkA budh [ksrh dks equkQknsg cukus dh rjQ lu~ 90 ds ckn ds n'kd esa vf/kd /;ku fn;k x;kA bl ewY;&uhfr dk 'kk;n lcls lkFkZd Ik{k ;g jgk fd nke fxjus ls gksus okys uqdlku ls fdlku dks cpk;k tk ldkA lu~ 1971&72 esa xsgwa dh iSnkokj rsth ls 23

c<h Fkh vkSj ml c<+r ds fglkc ls dher esa 25 izfr'kr dh fxjkoV vk tkuh pkfg, FkhA ysfdu fdlku ftruk xsgwa eaMh esa ys vk;k og lcdk lc ljdkj us [kjhnk vkSj bl rjg fdlkuksa dks igys ls lkr izfr'kr vf/kd dher feyhA blh rjg lu~ 1982&83 esa tc xsgwa dh iSnkokj fiNys lky ds eqdkcys 14-3 izfr'kr vf/kd c<+h rks nkeksa esa 32-5 izfr'kr dh fxjkoV gks tkus dk Mj FkkA ysfdu ljdkjh [kjhn ds pyrs fdlkuksa dks 18 izfr'kr vf/kd dher feyhA bl Hkkjrh; [kk| uhfr dk lcls mtyk igyw ;g jgk fd mlesa lqjf{kr vUu Hk.Mkj j[kus dh ijEijk dk;e gqbZ ftlus vdky tSlh IkfjfLFkfr;ka ugha iuius nhaA ;g ijEijk Hkh Mk- ,e- ,l- LokfeukFku~&tSls egku Ñf"k fpard dh nwjn`f"V dh nsu FkhA bldk ewy mÌs'; ;gh Fkk fd mfpr ewY; dh forj.k iz.kkyh ds }kjk iwjs ns'k esa vkSj [kklrkSj ls deh okys bykdksa esa lcdks lgh dher ij vukt feyrk jgsA bl rjg [kk|kUu dh miyC/krk lcds fy, lqfuf'pr dh xbZ vkSj ;g ugha gqvk fd dqN yksx rks t:jr ls T;knk [kir djrs jgssa vkSj nwljs nkus &nkus ds fy, eksgrkt gks tk,aA bl [kk|kUu&izpqjrk dk mi;ksx ^dkt ds fy, vukt* ¼QwM QkWj odZ½ dk;ZØe ds fy, Hkh fd;k x;k vkSj xjhch gVkus ds vfHk;ku ds fy, HkhA bl le; ih Mh ,l ¼ifCyd fMLVªhC;w'ku flLVe½ ;kuh tu forj.k iz.kkyh esa yxHkx 8 djksM+ ifjokjksa dks ;g lsok iznku dh tkrh gS vkSj mfpr ewY; esa jk'ku cspus okyh 40]000 nqdkusa dqy vukt O;kikj ds ,d frgkbZ ij dkfct gSaA gfjr&Økafr ;ksa gh lkSHkkX;o'k ugha gks xbZA blds ihNs etcwr Ñf"k uhfr;ka] n`< fu'p; rFkk oSKkfudksa dh izfrHkk vkSj fdlkuksa dh dM+h esgur dk egku ;ksxnku jgk] ftlds lkFk mUgksaus u, cht vkSj u, rjhds c<+&p<+dj viuk,A bl ckjs es ^jkWdQSyj izfr"Bku* dk dguk gS fd ^^ftl rsth ls Hkkjr ds fdlkuksa vkSj oSKkfudksa us vpkud vius ns'k dh [kk|&vkiwfrZ dh eafty rd igaqpk;k] oSlk nqfu;k esa dgha Hkh bl iSekus ij ugha gqvkA ;gka rd fd oSKkfud n`f"V ls loksZUur vejhdk esa Hkh ugha gqvkA** Hkys gh ekSle us nxk nh gks ysfdu lu~ lÙkjkfnd ds ckn ds n'kd ls Hkkjr dks dHkh&Hkh oSls vdkyksa vkSj Hkq[kejh dk lkeuk ugha djuk iM+k] tks vktknh ls igys rdjhcu gj lky Hkqxrus iM+rs FksA bldk dkj.k ;gh Fkk fd lqjf{kr HkaMkj esa Ik;kZIr vukt j[kk x;k vkSj fo'kky tu&forj.k iz.kkyh LFkkfir dh xbZA lkFk gh ;g vukt HkaMkj cuk, j[kus ds fy, iSnkokj cjkcj c<+rh jgs blds fy, cqfu;knh vkSj O;kogkfjd Ñf"k vuqla/kku] Ñf"k f'k{kk vkSj Ñf"k&foLrkj dk fo'kky jk"Vªh; ra= [kM+k fd;k tks fdlkuksa dks cjkcj u, cht] u, rjhds vkSj tkudkjh miyC/k djk ldsA lu~ 1987 esa Hkkjr esa chloha lnh dk lcls Hk;adj lw[kk iM+k ftlls yxHkx 15 djksM+ 50 yk[k yksx izHkkfor gq,A ysfdu dgha Hkh Hkq[kejh ugha QSYkhA ;g blfy, laHko gqvk fd lqjf{kr [kk|&Hk.Mkj us [kk| lqj{kk iznku dh vkSj ;g [kk| lqj{kk blfy, fVdkÅ jg ldh] D;ksafd ;g eq[;r% vius ns'k esa iSnk fd, x, xsgaw vkSj pkoy ij fuHkZj FkhA 24

Lku~ lkBkfnd ds vafre o"kksZa ds ckn ls gh vkerkSj ij vuktksa dh iSnkokj vkcknh c<us dh jQrkj ls Åij jghA c<+rh tula[;k ds ckotwn izfrO;fDr [kk|kUu miyC/krk dh nj c<rh jghA lu~ 1955 esa izfrO;fDr [kk|kUu dk vkSlr 157 fdyksxzke Fkk tks fd 1995 esa 177 fdyksxzke gks x;kA ;kuh 15-7 izfr'kr c<+kA Lora=rk ds ckn ds le; ls vc rd [kk|kUu&mRiknu esa yxHkx pkSxquh c<ksrjh gqbZ gSA lu~ 1950&51 esa dqy 5 djksM+ Vu vukt iSnk gqvk Fkk] tks fd lu~ 1999&2000 esa c<dj 20 djksM+ 80 yk[k Vu gks x;kA blh vof/k esa Hkkjr dh tula[;k yxHkx 30 djksM+ ls c<dj 100 djksM ls Åij igaqp xbZA vukt gh ugha nw/k dh iSnkokj esa Hkh iwjh nqfu;k dks ihNs NksMdj izfro"kZ 7 djksM+ Vu nw/k iSnk gksus yxkA lu~ lÙkjkfnd ds var rd Hkkjr [kk|kUu esa vkRefuHkZj gks x;k Fkk vkSj lqjf{kr [kk|&HkaMkj cjkcj Hkjk jgkA ;g rks vc vkdj gqvk gS fd fQj ls vukt ckgj ls eaxkuk iM+k vkSj ;gka rd fd lw[ks nw/k ikmMj ds vk;kr dh Hkh vuqefr nh xbZA

Hkwjs bykds gfjr&Økafr us vukt dh iSnkokj rks c<+kbZ ysfdu gj txg ughaA lc ls vf/kd o`f)nj Fkh 4-63 izfr'kr tks dsoy iatkc vkSj gfj;k.kk rd lhfer jghA ;gka ij [kk|kUu dk mRiknu lu~ 1964&65 ds 72 yk[k 30 gtkj Vu ls c<+dj 1995&96 esa 303 yk[k 30 gtkj Vu rd igqap x;kA mÙkj izns'k esa ;g pØo`f) nj 3-01 izfr'kr vkadh xbZA egkjk"Vª] e/; izns'k] fcgkj] mMhlk vkSj mÙkj iwohZ jkT;ksa esa vuktksa dh iSnkokj Mxexkrh jghA /kku dh iSnkokj esa rfeyukMq vkSj vkU/kz izns'k gh ugha] if'pe caxky Hkh lkFkZd o`f) fn[kkrk jgkA gfjr&Økafr ds fu;kstdksa us mls mu {ks=ksa esa gh iuikus ds iz;kl fd, Fks] tgka flapkbZ dh lqfo/kk,a Fkha vkSj feÍh mitkÅ FkhA o"kkZ ij fuHkZj jgus okys ckjkuh bykdksa esa gfjr&Økafr dh ,d cwan Hkh ugha Vidh] tc fd 70 izfr'kr Ñf"k&{ks= ckjkuh gSA ;gka vkt Hkh ;gh gkyr gS fd fdlku vkleku rkdrk jgrk gSA gkykafd fiNys dbZ n'kdksa ls ckjkuh bykdksa esa [ksrh dh iSnkokj c<+kus ij cy fn;k x;k gS ysfdu ;gka dh fLFkfr vc Hkh oSlh gh cuh gqbZ gSA ÅcM&[kkcM+ tehusa vkSj vfuf'pr o"kkZ ckjkuh bykdksa dks mcjus ugha nsrhaA blds ckotwn ns'k dk 42 izfr'kr [kk|kUu ckjkuh bykds gh iSnk djrs gSaA blfy, Hkkjr dk Ñf"k&Hkfo"; bUgha {ks=ksa esa Nqik gSA ;gh os bykds gSa] tks ns'k dh yxHkx 83 izfo'kr Tokj] 81 izfr'kr nygu vkSj 90 izfr'kr frygu iSnk djrs gSA mRiknu esa ?kV&c<+ vkSj mit dk fuEu Lrj ;s nksuksa gh bl ckr ds xokg gSa fd ckjkuh bykdksa dks vc Hkh gfjr&Økafr dk bartkj gS vkSj uhfr&fu/kkZjdksa rFkk ;kstukdkjksa us budh vksj vf/kd /;ku ugha fn;kA

ckjkuh bykdksa dh bl 'kkspuh; voLFkk ds vusd lkekftd&vkfFkZd nq"ifj.kke gks jgs gSa vkSj vkxs gks ldrs gaSA gj xqtjrs o"kZ ds lkFk flafpr vkSj vflafpr {ks=ksa dh iSnkokj ds chp [kkbZ c<rh tk jgh gSA ,d lky lw[kk iM x;k rks fdlku vxys nks&rhu lky ds fy, dtZ esa Mwc tkrk gS vkSj xjhch ds paxqy esa Qal tkrk gSA 'kq"d vkSj v/kZ'kq"d bykdksa esa lw[kk rks iMrk gh jgrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vktknh ds 53 o"kkZsa ds ckn Hkh ckjkuh {ks=ksa dh vka[ksa xhyh cuh gqbZ gSa vkSj muds vkalw vc rd ugha lw[ks] cfYd vkSj Hkh T;knk Vid jgs gSA ;gka ds Ñ"kdksa dh vk'kk] fujk'kk esa gh cnyrh jgh gSA

fxjkoV gfjr&Økafr ds mn; ds rhl lky ckn vkt Hkkjr ds fdlku ;g eglwl djrs gSa fd lEiUu [ksrh ds lkFk muds I;kj dk cq[kkj mrj jgk gSA bl cq[kkj dks mrkjus esa bUnz nsork dk dksbZ ;ksxnku ugha gS vkSj uCcs ds n'kd esa os yxkrkj Ñik dh o"kkZ dj jgs gSa] fQj Hkh Qlyksa dh iSnkokj vk'kk ds vuqdwy ugha gks ik jgh gSA m/kj cPpksa dh Qly [kwc Qy&Qwy jgh gS vkSj bl c<+rh vkcknh vkSj Ñf"k&mRiknu esa vk, Bgjko us ,d ckj fQj Hkkjrh; Ñf"k dks ,sls eksM+ ij yk [kM+k fd;k gS] tgka vleatl dh fLFkfr gS fd vc D;k fd;k tk,\ gfjr&Økafr ds ckn iatkc vkSj gfj;k.kk esa iSnkokj ds fjdkMZ cukus dk tks tks'khyk flyflyk 'kq: gqvk Fkk] mldh j¶rkj ean gh ugha iM+h] Fke xbZ gS vkSj yxrk gS] tSls bfrgkl ds iUuksa esa [kks xbZ gksA Ñf"k&{ks= vusd leL;kvksa ls vkØkUr gSA c<+rh vkcknh us igys ls gh NksVh tksrksa ds vkSj Hkh VqdMs dj fn, gSaA bl le; & lu~ 2002 esa & gkyr ;g gS fd 60 izfr'kr ls vf/kd Hkkjrh; fdlkuksa ds ikl vkSlru 0-35 gSDVs;j tehu gSA Li"V gS fd bruh NksVh tksr ds pyrs Hkkjrh; Ñf"k mPp rduhd okyh Ñf"k fof/k;ksa dks ugha viuk ldrhA m/kj ljdkj vc Hkh gfjr&Økafr dh [kqekjh esa [kksbZ gqbZ gS] blfy, fdlku] fdlubZ vkSj lEiw.kZ Ñf"k&{ks= dks dsoy 'kkfCnd izksRlkgu ijkslrh jgh gS vkSj xaHkhjrk ls ugha ysrhA lu~ 1995&96 esa [kk|kUu&mRiknu esa 3-60 izfr'kr dh fxjkoV vkbZ FkhA lu~ 1997&98 esa ;g fxjkoV 3-70 izfr'kr dh gks xbZ tks fd gfjr&Økafr ds lqugjs fnuksa ds ckn dh lcls Hkkjh fxjkoV gSA iwjs ns'k dks f[kykus okys iatkc] gfj;k.kk vkSj if'peh mÙkj izns'k dh cVyksbZ vc nzksinh dh oSlh cVyksbZ ugha jgh tks fdrus gh vfrfFk gksa] [kkyh ugha gksrh FkhA ns'k ds bl vxz.kh Ñf"k&{ks= esa tks peRdkj xsgwa vkSj mlds ckn /kku esa gqvk Fkk] ogka vc Bgjko vk x;k gS vkSj ykxr&ykHk dk vuqikr udkjkRed gks x;k gSA [kk|kUu&mRiknu esa fxjkoV dh ;g njkj ns'k ds nf{k.kh fgLlksa rd pyh xbZ gSA Ñf"k&Økafr ds ,d vkSj jkT; rfeyukMq esa l?ku [ksrh dk ncko vlguh; gksrk tk jgk gSA dukZVd esa xUuk vkSj dikl ds vykok ckdh lHkh Qlyksa esa mRiknu esa fxjkoV dk udkjkRed #[k >ydus yxk gSA dukZVd dh Ñf"k dks Li"Vr;k nks fgLlksa esa ckaVk tk ldrk 26

gSA ,d rks daiuh cgknqj dh fuxeh; Ñf"k ¼dkiksZjsV ,xzhdYpj½ ftlus mitkÅ flafpr tehuksa dks gfFk;k fy;k gS vkSj nwljk cpk&[kqpk de mitkÅ {ks= tks o"kkZ ij vkfJr jkeHkjksls [ksrh djus okys NksVs vkSj cgqr NksVs fdlkuksa vkSj mudh NksVh&NksVh tksrksa dk gSA o"kkZ&ouksa dh gfj;kyh ls Hkjiwj deuh; dkar dsjy Hkh [kk|kUu ds ekspsZ ij xgjk, fodV ladV ls xqtj jgk gSA ekuks bruk gh dkQh ugha Fkk lks nsgkrksa esa dbZ n'kdks ls Hkwfeghu etnwjksa dh la[;k 20 yk[k izfro"kZ dh nj ls c<rh tk jgh gSA Ñf"k esa O;kikj dk #[k rks iwjh rjg udkjkRed py gh jgk gSA Ñf"k&{ks= esa ljdkjh iwath&fuos'k Hkh blesa vkbZ fxjkoV dks vkSj Hkh /kDdk ns jgk gSA Ñf"k fu;kstu dh fopkj/kkjk gh cny jgh gSA os fnu rks gok gks x, tc ns'k dks [kk|kUu esa vkRefuHkZjrk dh fpark lrk;k djrh FkhA os fnu Hkh bfrgkl cu x,] tc t; toku ds lkFk t; fdlku dk ukjk nsdj fdlkuksa dks ns'k us flj ekFks yxk;k Fkk vkSj vUunkrk ekudj iwtk FkkA vkt tc vUu mRiknu fdlh rjg Mxexkrh tula[;k o`f) dh nj ds vklikl tes jgus dh dksf'k'k esa gS] rks fdlkuksa dks dgk tk jgk gS fd vc vki Ñf"k esa fofo/khdj.k dks viukvksA ,slh Qlysa iSnk djks tks MkWyj dek,] fu;kZr dh tk lds vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; cktkj dh gksM+ esa [kM+h jg ldsA varjkZ"Vªh; eaMh esa vukt dkQh lLrk gks x;k gSA blls mldh fpark NksMdj vc /;ku Ñf"k dh ctk; m|ksx] O;kikj vkSj okf.kT; ij fn;k tk jgk gSA NksVs vkSj cgqr NksVs fdlkuksa ij tks Hkh chr jgh gS] os Hkqxrsaxs] rks gesa vc [kk| iz'kks/ku ;k [kk| izlaLdj.k ¼QwM izkslsflax½ dks c<+kok nsuk gSA ;kuh daifu;ksa dks Åapk mBkuk gS tks fdlku ls dPpk eky ysdj Hkkafr&Hkkafr ds O;atu pednkj fMCcksa esa eagxs nkeksa ij cspdj equkQk dek,aA rdZ ;g gS fd ;s daifu;ka gh Ñf"k esa iwath fuos'k c<k,axh vkSj Ñf"k mRiknksa ds ewY; esa vfHko/kZu djsaxhA Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk iquxZBu Hkh bl rjg fd;k x;k gS fd mldk #[k Ñf"k fu;kZr dh vksj eksM+ fn;k tk,A isV Hkjus okys vuktksa dh txg frtkSjh Hkjus okyh uxnh Qlysa mxkbZ tk,a ;kuh xsgaw dh txg VekVj mxkvks vkSj cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka ml VekVj dks fdlku ls vkSus&ikSus nkeksa ij [kjhndj mldh yqxnh ¼VeSVks&I;wjh½ vkSj pVuh cukdj fu;kZr djsA iatkc esa lkekU; xsgwa dh txg dkfB;k xsgwa ¼M~;wje OghV½ mxkus dh is'kd'k tksj idM jgh gS] tks McyjksVh vkSj fcLdqV cukus esa dke vkrk gSA gfj;k.kk esa /kku dh txg Qwy mxkus ij cy fn;k tk jgk gSA rVorhZ {ks=ksa esa futh m|eh ?kql x, gS vkSj cM+s&cM+s taxh tgktksa ls eNfy;ka idM+dj NksVs&NksVs eNqvkjksa dh jksth&jksVh Nhu jgs gSA dsjy esa /kku ds [ksrksa vkSj taxyksa dk fo'kky {ks= jcM+&dkWQh&ukfj;y ckxkuksa esa cnyk tk jgk gSA gj lky 25000 gSDVj mitkÅ /kku Hkwfe dks xSj&/kku {ks= gM+Ik jgk gSA ;g <kapkxr cnyko dsoy dsjy rd gh lhfer ugha gS] yxHkx lHkh jkT;ksa essa blds y{k.k fn[kkbZ ns jgs gSA Hkw[k feVkus dh cqfu;knh t:jr iwjh djus okyh vukt dh Qlyksa dh mitkÅ tehuksa dks O;kikfjd Qlysa fuxyrh tk jgh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vusd jkT;ksa dk 27

isV vc jk'ku dh nqdkusa gh Hkj jgh gSA vPNh mitkÃ&#x2026; Hkwfe igys gh T;knk ugha FkhA vc mldks vukt okyh Qlyksa dh txg O;kikfjd Qlyksa vkSj m|ksxksa ds gokys dj nsuk [kk|kUu esa vkRefuHkZjrk ds fy, Hkh"k.k ladV iSnk djsxkA vkSj bl ladV dh 'kq:vkr gks pqdh gSA ;fn [kk|kUu&mRiknu esa fxjkoV vkSj vUu rd xjhcksa dh igqap ;s nksuksa ns'k ds lkeus fodV leL;k ds :i esa [kM+h gqbZ gSa] rks vo'; gh Hkkjrh; d`f"k dks le>us esa gels Hkkjh Hkwy gqbZ gSA 70 izfr'kr ls vf/kd yksx vkt Hkh gekjs ns'k esa d`f"k ij fuHkZj gSa vkSj gj vkneh ds fgLls esa vkSlru 0-35 gSDVj t+ehu jg xbZ gSA fQj Hkh os fdlh rjg th jgs gSaA Hkys gh ;g ckr gekjs xys u mrjs] exj dM+oh lPpkbZ ;g gS fd Hkkjr fQj gfjr dzkafr ds igys ds mu fnuksa dh vksj /kdsy fn;k x;k gS] tc ^tgkt+ ls vk;k vukt* gh ns'k dk isV Hkjrk FkkA

2 + Hkkjrh; Ñf"k ds fy, [krjs dh ?kaVh tks gksuk Fkk] og vkf[kjdkj gks gh x;kA lu~ 1991 esa vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa dk f<a<ksjk ihVus ds nl lkyksa ckn gh ge fQj tula[;k ij vadq'k yxkus dh gj etZ dh nok crkus okys if'peh vFkZ'kkL=h ekYFkl ds taxy esa [kks x, gSaA gekjh vkcknh c<+rh tk jgh gS vkSj Ñf"k&mRiknu esa o`f) dh nj vkcknh c<+us dh nj dks idM+ ugha ik jghA lu~ 1990&91 ls 1996&97 ds chp Ñf"k&mRiknu esa o`f) dh okf"kZd nj 1-7 izfr'kr gh jgh] tc fd vkcknh c<+us dh nj Fkh 1-9 izfr'krA bl rjg [krjs dh ?kafV;ka ctuh 'kq: gks xbZ gSaA dksbZ ,d n'kd ls Ñf"k&mRikndrk esa Bgjko lk vk x;k gSA tc geus Ñf"k&mRiknu vkSj [kk|kUu rd lcdh igqap ds t:jh tqM+ko dks vuns[kk dj fn;k vkSj lkjk /;ku Qlyksa ls fu;kZr ;ksX; oLrq,a cukdj muesa fons'kh iwath fuos'k ds }kj [kksyus ij yxk fn;k] ekuks rHkh geus vius fy, [kk| ladV ds jkLrs [kksy fn, FksA ysfdu ;g lPpkbZ] yxrk gS fdlh dks fn[0kkbZ gh ugha iM+ jghA vkSj ;gh lcls cM+k [krjk gSA gekjh vuqRiknd vkSj catj tehuksa esa Hkw[k iSnk gks jgh gS] ;g fdlh dks utj ugha vk jgk] fQj pkgs og jktLFkku dk ckM+esj vkSj ckjka ftyk gks] ;k mM+hlk ds dkykgkaMh ls fcgkj ds iykew ftys rd QSyh fpjHkw[kh iÍh ;k mÙkj izns'k dk caqnsy[kaM okyk bykdkA fdlh dks ugha irk fd gekjs ns'k esa fdrus ckM+esj] fdrus dkykgkaMh] fdrus iykew] fdrus cqansy[kaM Hkq[kejh ds paxqy esa rM+i jgs gSaA 'kk;n fdlh dks ;g lc tkuus dh u rks pkgr gS vkSj u QqjlrA ,d dkykgkaMh dks ysdj cspkjksa dh uhan gjke gks tkrh gS] rks fQj mlesa cqansy[k.M dks Hkyk dkSu tksM+uk pkgsxkA pkgs ge ekusa ;k u ekusa xjhch vkSj Hkw[k gekjs ns'k esa lcls T;knk etcwrh ls fVd x, gSa& vaxn ds ikao dh rjg] ftls jko.k tSlk jk{kl Hkh ugha fgyk ik;k FkkA fQj Hkh ljdkj Hkkjrh; m|ksx ifjla?k ¼dksUQhMjs'ku vkWQ bf.M;u b.MLVªh&lh- vkb- vkb-½ ds m|ksxifr;ksa dh bl flQkfj'k dks flj&ekFks ys jgh gS fd Hkkjrh; Ñf"k dks ^QwM QSDVjh * esa cny nksA ^QwM izkslsflax* m|ksx ds fy, reke fj;k;rsa nh tk jgh gSa] tc fd gekjs cM+s&cM+s [kk| vkSj is;&mRiknd cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dh >ksyh esa dwn&dwn dj tk jgs gSaA ;gh gky jgk rks cspkjs NksVs vkSj lhekar fdlku cph&[kqph tehuksa ls Hkh oafpr gks tk,axsA rhl&cÙkhl lky igys gfjr&Økafr gks xbZ Fkh] fQj Hkh [kk|kUu ds ekspks± ij ge ,slh xQyr dj cSBs fd ;g gekjk dqizca/k dgk tk,xkA Ñf"k&Hkwfe;ksa dks nwljs 29

dkeksa esa fuxyus dh j¶rkj c<+rh tk jgh gS] fQj Hkys gh jk"Vª dh Ñf"k&mRiknu Toyar mnkgj.k gh ekuk &{kerk fldqM+rh tk jgh gksA [ksrh ds fVdkÅiu ij yxkrkj ekjh tk jgh pksVksa dk vlj fn[kkbZ iM+ jgk gSA c'krsZ dksbZ ns[kuk pkgsA gj lky dksbZ 20 yk[k NksVs vkSj lhekar fdlku l?ku [ksrh ds dkj.k catj gqbZ tehuksa ls csn[ky gksdj Hkwfeghu etnwjksa dh tekr esa 'kkfey gks jgs gSaA fQj Hkh Ñf"k dks c<+kok nsus dh ctk; gekjk ns'k tula[;k ls fuiVus ds Ñf=e mik; viukus esa yxk gSA lkyksa rd Hkw[kksa rd vUu igqapkus esa vlQyrk ls tek gq, Qkyrw vukt ds <sj dsoy ;gh n'kkZrs gSa fd ge vius ukxfjdksa dh ,d cM+h la[;k dks mlds ewy ekuokf/kdkj ls oafpr fd, gq, gSa& vkSj og ekuokf/kdkj gS [kk|kUu rd mudh igqapA ge Hkq[kejh dh lPpkb;ksa dks vius fnekxh Q'kZ ij fcNs xyhps ds uhps ljdkrs tkrs gSaA pkj fiNM+s jkT;ksa ds usrk vkSj ukSdj'kkg ;gh djrs vk jgs gSaA bUgsa ^chek:* ¼BIMARU½ dgk tkrk gS] tks fcydqy lgh gSA ;s chek: jkT; gSa fcgkj] e/;izns'k] jktLFkku vkSj mÙkjizns'kA gkykafd vU; jkT; Hkh dksbZ ,sls ^LoLFk* ugha gSaA vkSj buesa iatkc Hkh 'kkfey gS vkSj gfj;k.kk Hkh] ftudh vPNh lsgr ij dHkh gj dksbZ U;kSNkoj gqvk djrk FkkA bu jkT;ksa esa Hkh de ls de ,d pkSFkkbZ vkcknh xjhch dh js[kk ds uhps tSls&rSls xqtj&clj dj jgh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd gj jkst xkao NksM+dj 'kgjksa dh vksj Hkkxus okyksa dh rknkn c<+rh gh tk jgh gSA ;s yksx jkstxkj vkSj vf/kd vkenuh ds ykyp ls gh ugha] cfYd [ksrhckM+h esa ?kV jgs equkQs vkSj xjhch ls rax vkdj Hkh xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ls iyk;u dj jgs gSaA 'kgjksa esa igqapdj ;s yksx tgka >qXxh&>ksifM+;ksa vkSj xanh cfLr;ksa dh rknkn c<+krs gSa] ogha esgurh gksus dh otg ls tYnh gh xkao ls csgrj jgu&lgu okyk thou fcrkus yxrs gSaA blls lkQ tkfgj gksrk gS fd xkaoksa esa xjhcksa ij cqjh chr jgh gSA

leL;k,a gh leL;k,a xjhch vkSj Hkw[k ds f'kdkj yksx yxkrkj vyx&Fkyx iM+rs tk jgs gSa] ftlds fy, ,d ds ckn nwljh reke ljdkjksa dh rFkkdfFkr o`f)&mUeq[k uhfr;ka ftEesnkj gSaA ljdkjh vkadM+s vkSj 'kCnkMEcj tehuh lPpkb;ksa dk iklax Hkh ugha crk ikrs ] cfYd mudks ckj&ckj nqgjkus ls xjhch vkSj Hkq[kejh Hkh pan la[;k,a cudj jg tkrh gSa vkSj ekuoh; d#.kk ugha txk ikrsA ge lc ,d ,slh HkweaMyh; O;oLFkk ds iqtsZ cu pqds gSa] tks xjhch vkSj oapuk dks c<+kok nsrh gSA jk"Vªh; uhfr;ka vkSj dk;Zlwph fu/kkZfjr djus okys fo'ks"kK xjhch gVkus vkSj ?kVkus dh ckr djrs gSa] ekuks xjhc rks tSls xjhc gh jguk pkgrs gksaA vly esa reke uhfr;ka vehjksa dks vkSj vehj rFkk xjhcksa dks vkSj vf/kd xjhc gh cukrh jgh gSaA bldk lcls cM+k dkj.k jgk gS Ñf"k ds izfr ?kksj mis{kk dh ekufldrkA Ñf"k ds lkeus vusd leL;k,a [kM+h gqbZ gSaA c<+rh vkcknh ds dkj.k igys&ls VqdM+s&VqdM+s gqbZ tehusa vkSj Hkh NksVs&NksVs VqdM+ksa esa caVrh tk jgh gSA lu~ 30

1976&77 esa tksrkssa dks vkSlr vkdkj nks gSDVj ek= FkkA lu~ 1980&81 essa ;g ?kVdj 1-8 gSDVj jg x;kA vc ;g 1-5 gSDVj ls Hkh de gSA 60 izfr'kr Hkkjrh; fdlkuksa ds ikl rks 0-39 gSDVj ls Hkh de tksr jg xbZ gSA lu~ 1981 esa tksrksa dh la[;k 890 yk[k FkhA vc ;g 1100 yk[k ;kuh 11 djksM+ gSA xsgwa esa mRikndrk dh o`f) nj ?kV dj gfjr&Økafr ds tekus dh o`f)&nj ls vk/kh jg xbZ gSA izkÑfrd lalk/kuksa dk vk/kkj fujarj ?kVrk tk jgk gS vkSj Ñf"k&vkuqoaf'kdh ds {ks= esa Hkh dkQh fnuksa ls dksbZ Økafrdkjh [kkst ugha gqbZA bl rjg lqugjh Qlysa yxkrkj eVeSyh Qlyksa es cnyrh tk jgh gSaA moZjdksa ij ljdkjh lfClMh c<+rh tk jgh gS vkSj fj;k;rh jklk;fud [kkn rFkk eq¶r ds Hkwty ls /kku&xsgwa dh nqQlyh [ksrh okyh tehusa bruh iznwf"kr vkSj tykaØkar gks pqdh gSa fd mudk ne ?kqVus yxk gSA jklk;fud moZjdksa dh vf/kdrk us Hkwfe dh izkÑfrd moZjrk cjckn dj nh gSA moZjdksa ds gkfudkjd ukbVªsV Hkwty esa feydj mls iznwf"kr dj jgs gSaA [ksrksa esa tku Mkyus okyk tSoka'k yxHkx xk;c gks pqdk gS vkSj bl rjg [ksrh okyh tehusa chekj vkSj catj gks pqdh gSaA jk"Vªh; Ñf"k vuqla/kku ra= esa Ñf"k vuqla/kku vkSj f'k{kk dh tks cqfu;kn Mkyh xbZ Fkh] mldh uhao fgyus yxh gSA vfu'p;] f'kfFkyrk vkSj vkRe larqf"V us bl ra= dks ranzke; dj fn;k gSA blhfy, vc oSlk vuqla/kku 'kk;n gh dgha gksrk fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] ftlls fdlkuksa dh lh/kh lgk;rk gksA /khjss&/khjs Ñf"k vuqla/kku Hkh futh daifu;ksa ds gkFkksa esa f[kldrk tk jgk gSA ekslk.Vks nqfu;k esa cht cukus vkSj cspus okyh lcls cM+h cgqjk"Vªh; daiuh gSA og Hkkjr esa vius ikao tek pqdh gS vkSj tSoizkS|ksfxdh esa vuqla/kku dh lcls cM+h laLFkk cu xbZ gSA mldh fo'kky dk;k esa cspkjh Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn nqcd xbZ gSA de ls de rhu Hkkjrh; cht daifu;ksa esa cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa us iwathfuos'k dj fn;k gS] ftlls Hkkjr dh Ñf"k dk Hkkoh Lo:i dSlk gksus okyk gS] bldk iwokZuqeku yxkuk dfBu ugha gSA ljdkjh vuqla/kku laLFkkvksa ls izfrHkk'kkyh Ñf"k oSKkfud cM+h la[;k esa futh daifu;ksa dh vksj Hkkx jgs gSa ftuesa ls lcls T;knk vkd"kZ.k gS cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dkA pan lkyksa esa gh vki ns[ksaxs fd ekslk.Vks Hkkjr esa Ñf"k&vuqla/kku vkSj Ñf"k&fodkl dk lcls cM+k laxBu cu pqdk gksxkA ogh r; djsxk fd Hkkjr esa Ñf"k vuqla/kku dh fn'kk D;k gksuh pkfg, vkSj ;g fn'kk fu'p; gh ns'k dh t:jrksa ds fglkc ls ugha] cfYd equkQs dh pkgr ls r; gksxhA gekjs ns'k dh Ñf"k laca/kh t:jrsa fdlh ls Nqih ugha gSaA ,d vksj NksVs vkSj lhekar fdlku viuh mit dh T;knk ls T;knk dher pkgrs gSa] rks nwljh vksj xjhc miHkksDrk dks vukt lLrk feyuk pkfg,A nksuksa ds chp larqyu fcBkus esa Ñf"k&mRiknu ra= dh vkfFkZd fLFkjrk Mxexk jgh gSA jk"Vªh; uhfr;ka lky&nj&lky ls dqN ,slh jgh gS fd nsgkrksa dh iwath 'kgjksa dh vksj f[kaph tk jgh gSA lu~ 1971 ls gh gj lky okLrfod xzkeh.k vk; esa 12 izfr'kr dh fxjkoV 31

pyh vk jgh gS] D;ksafd Ñf"k O;kikj udkjkRed gksrk pyk x;kA bl rjg fdlkuksa ij vkfFkZd chek c<+rk pyk x;kA [ksrhckM+h esa [kpkZ rks cjkcj c<+ jgk gS vkSj equkQk cjkcj ?kVrk tk jgk gSA tSls bruk gh dkQh ughas Fkk] lks Åij ls bl vkx esa ?kh Mky jgs gSa] gekjs vFkZ'kkL=h vkSj Ñf"k&laxBu ftudh esgjckuh ls 1990 ds n'kd esa Ñf"k dh o`f)&nj tula[;k dh o`f)&nj ls fiNM+ xbZA bl ?kVrh o`f) nj dh fpark djuk rks nwj] blds ihNs gekjs dqN vFkZ'kkL=h ;g dkj.k crk jgs gSa fd yksx vc nqX/kvkgkj vkSj ekalkgkj T;knk djus yxs gSa vkSj [kkuiku dh cnyrh vknrksa es gh Ñf"k dh o`f)&nj ?kVk nh gS!

QwM QSDVfj;ka gekjs ns'k esa txg&txg ls Hkq[kejh dh nnZukd [kcjsa vk jgh gSa vkSj b/kj QWkjsu buosLVesaV izeks'ku cksMZ ¼,Q-vkb-ih-ch½ dks bUgha fnuksa ;g lw>k gS fd ekal vkSj vukt ls ikyrw dqÙkksa vkSj fcfYy;ksa dk vkgkj cuk;k tk,A dqy 248 yk[k #i, dh iawth yxkdj Ýkal dh ^jkW;y dSukbu* daiuh 296 yk[k #i, ds ikyrw dqÙkksa dk vkgkj Hkkjr dks fu;kZr djus ds lkSns dj pqdh gSA fons'kh iwath fuos'k dk ,d vkSj izLrko eatwj fd;k x;k gS] ftlds rgr i'kq&vkgkj vkSj eqfxZ;ksa dk nkuk Hkh ckgj ls vk,xkA 'kk;n gekjk ,Q-vkb-ih-ch- tks fons'kh iawth&fuos'k ds izLrkoksa ij fopkj djds mUgsa LohÑfr iznku djrk gS] Qzkal dh egkjkuh esjh varksuh ls Hkh vkxs gSA tc egkjkuh dks irk pyk fd xjhc yksx McyjksVh ds fcuk Hkw[ks ej jgs gSa] rks mlus >qa>ykdj iwNk fd ;s yksx dsd D;ksa ugha [kkrs! mnkjhdj.k ds bl nkSj esa ljdkj us QSlyk fd;k gS fd eDdk] Tokj&cktjk vkSj nwljs eksVs vuktksa ls fOgLdh cukbZ tk,A ;g dke nqfu;k esa 'kjkc cukus okyh lcls cM+h cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa esa lcls ukeh&xjkeh ^lhxzke* dks lkSaik x;k gSA bl rjg xjhcksa ds Hkkstu dks vehjksa ds eknd is; esa cnyk tk,xkA vHkh Hkkjr ds lqjk&m|ksx esa 'khjk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gS] tks fd phuh&m|ksx dk miksRikn gSA ;g mUgsa lLrk iM+rk gS vkSj ,d Vu 'khjs ls 230 fyVj 'kjkc cukbZ tk ldrh gSA vkt Hkh vius ns'k esa djksM+ksa yksx Hkw[k ds lkFk lksrs gSa] ysfdu gekjh ljdkj us lhxzke ds bl ok;ns ij ;dhu dj fy;k gS fd og 'kjkc cukus essa mlh ^^vukt dk mi;ksx djsxh] tks ekuo&vkgkj Ja`[kyk ls ckgj gksxk vkSj tks vukt dk Nhtu gksxkA** blls igys Hkh ge ckgjh daifu;ksa dks vkgkj&m|ksx esa ?kqliSB dh btktr ns pqds gSaA reke cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka rjg&rjg ds vkgkj vkSj O;atuksa dh nqdkuksa dh J`a[kyk [kksydj tgka yksxksa dh tsc dkV jgh gS] oghas muds isV Hkh [kjkc dj jgh gSA QkLV QwM ;kuh ^rqjar Hkkstu* ijkslus okyh nqdkuksa dh ck<+ vk xbZ gSA igys ?kj&?kj esa vkyw ds cj[k curs FksA vc eagxs ^ikssVsVks fpIl* pepekrs fMCcksa esa fcd 32

jgs gSaA ;s fons'kh futh daifu;ka Hkkjrh; O;atu fuEkkZrkvksa dh cf/k;ka fcBk pqdh gSa vkSj muesa ls db;ksa dks [kjhn pqdh gSa ;k fQj [kjhnus dh is'kd'k dj pqdh gSaA ;s daifu;ka lLrh tehusa [kjhn jgh gSa vkSj vu&mitkÅ tehuksa ls csn[ky fdlku Hkwfeghu csjkstxkjksa dh drkjksa dks c<+krs tk jgs gSaA gekjk ns'kh m|ksx bu reke xfrfof/k;ksa ls cs[kcj yxrk gSA rHkh rks Hkkjrh; m|ksx ifjla?k ¼lh-vkb-vkb½ cjkcj ;g <ksy ihVrk jgrk gS fd Ñf"k&mit dks T;knk equkQk nsus okyh Ñf"k&oLrqvksa esa cnyk tk,A gtkjksa cPps dqiks"k.k ds dkj.k reke chekfj;ksa ds f'kdkj gks jgs gSaA fo'o esa ckydksa ds fodkl ds fy, cuh la;Dq r jk"Vª dh laLFkk ^;wfulsQ* ds vuqlkj yxHkx 5000 cPps Hkkjr esa gj jkst dqiks"k.k&tU; jksxksa ds dkj.k vle; esa dky&dofyr gks tkrs gSaA ysfdu b/kj gekjs Ñf"k&m|ksx dk drbZ /;ku ugha gSA lh-vkbZ-vkbZ- pkgrh gS fd Hkkjrh; Ñf"k dks m|ksx dk ntkZ ns fn;k tk,] D;ksafd blesa mls Hkkjh equkQk utj vk jgk gSA nwljh vksj ,lkspSe& ,slksfl,VsM pSEclZ vkWQ dkWelZ ,.M b.MLVªh & us nwljh gfjr&Økafr dk u;k uqL[kk lq>k;k gSA fQj Hkyk fQDdh & QsMjs'ku vkWQ bf.M;u pSEclZ vkWQ dkWelZ ,.M b.MLVªh D;ksa ihNs jgs] lks mlus Hkh Ñf"k&O;kikj esa ek=kRed #dkoVksa dks nwj djus ds fy, ljdkj ij ncko cuk;k gS fd fo'o O;kikj laxBu ¼MCY;w-Vh-vks½ us tks rkjh[k r; dh gS] mlls igys gh #dkoVsa gVk nh tk,aA vius fufgr LokFkksZa ls izsfjr ^,lkspSe* us lu~ 2020 ds fy, viuh vksj ls [kk|kUu&mRiknu dk y{; Hkh fu/kkZfjr dj fn;k gSA ^Hkkjrh; Ñf"k&{ks=* ds fy, ^LVsªVsftd Iyku* dh ?kks"k.kk djrs gq, ,lkspSe us lq>ko fn;k gS fd iês ij tehu nsus dh 'krsZa mnkj cukbZ tk,a] flapkbZ dk izca/k futh daifu;ksa dks lkSai fn;k tk, vkSj Ñf"k&O;kikj ds fy, cuk, x, dk;ns&dkuwuksa esa <hy nh tk,A vxj ;s lc fd;k x;k rks ^vxys 20 lkyksa esa Hkkjr dk okf"kZd [kk|kUu vRiknu 50 djksM+ Vu gks tk,xkA* fczVsu dh lykgdkj laLFkk ^eSfdals bf.M;k* ds lkFk feydj ^lh-vkbvkb-* us ,d Hkkjh&Hkjde fjiksVZ tkjh dh gS] ftlesa Hkkjrh; [ksrh dks ^QSDVjh QkfeZax* esa cnyus ds lCtckx fn[kk, x, gSaA bu Hkkjrh; m|ksx&la?kksa dks Hkkjr ds fdlkuksa ds [kwu&ilhus dh xk<+h dekbZ dks rS;kj 'kqnk [kk| oLrqvksa esa cny dj fu;kZr djus esa Mkyj cjlrs utj vk jgs gSaA Hkkjrh; fdlku dh lfn;ksa ls pyh vk jgh fVdkÅ [ksrh dks ;s dkiksZjsV ,xzhdYpj ;kuh O;kikfjd [ksrh esa cnyuk pkgrs gSA bl le; Hkkjrh; [kk|&m|ksx 2800 vjc #i, dk gSA bls lu~ 2005 rd bruk Qyuk&Qqyuk pkfg, fd ;g 5600 vjc #i, dk gks tk,A lh-vkb-vkb- us Hkh blh bjkns ls ,d fjiksVZ tkjh dh gS& ^^QwM ,.M ,xzhdYpj % bUVhxzsVsM Msoyies.V ,sD'ku Iyku*A blesa lh-vkb-vkb- us crk;k gS fd fdl rjg xsgwa ds vkVs vkSj nkyksa dks fdlh czk.M ds uke ls iSd djds cspus ls fdruh Hkkjh dekbZ dh tk ldrh gSA ysfdu bl dekbZ ds fy, jkLrs rHkh [kqysaxs] tc ljdkj bls c<+kok nsus ds fy, nloha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa 1400 vjc #i, dk iwathfuos'k djsA 33

ets dh ckr ;g gS fd ;s gh lh-vkb-vkb- vkSj ,lkspSe fdlkuksa dks feyus okyh fj;k;rksa ij rks jksd yxkus dh ekax djrs gSaA ysfdu vius fy, ljdkjh fj;k;rksa dh Hkh[k ekaxus esa ugha fgpfdpkrsA fVdkÅ [ksrh dks O;kikfjd [ksrh esa cnyus ds fy, mUgsa ljdkj dh enn ysus ls dksbZ xqjst ughaA vxj vxyh gfjr&Økafr Ñf"k&mit esa ewY;&vfHko/kZu ls gh vkuh gS vkSj mlds fy, ljdkj dks Hkkjh fj;k;rsa Hkh nsuh gksaxha rks yxrk gS fd mu m|ksx&la?kksa dk uqL[kk Hkkjrh; Ñf"k dh cqfu;kn esa iyhrk yxkus ds flok dqN ugha gSA ftl rjg dh <kapkxr lqfo/kk,a] foÙkh; lgk;rk vkSj nwljs ehBs&ehBs mik; m|ksxksa dh Fkkyh esa ijksls tk jgs gSa] mldk iklax Hkh vxj NksVs&NksVs vkSj cgqr NksVs lhekar fdlkuksa dh >ksyh esa Vidk;k tk, rks Hkkjrh; Ñf"k dh rlohj gh cny tk, vkSj og csgrjh ds u, eqdke ij igqap tk,A

[kk| lqj{kk dks nko ij yxkuk ns'k ls Hkw[k dk dyad feVkus] xjhch gVkus vkSj jkstxkj c<+kus dk ,d gh jkLrk gS vkSj og gS Ñf"k esa ,sls lq/kkj ykxw djuk] ftlls ;g vkfFkZd n`f"V ls equkQknsg cusA ysfdu 1990 ds n'kd esa ,d ,slk Ñf"k&'kks"kd ra= mHkjk gS] ftlus Hkkjrh; Ñf"k ds ekxZ esa rjg&rjg ds xfrjks/kd [kM+s dj fn, gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd xzkeh.k Hkkjr nqfu;k esa xjhcksa ds lcls cM+s lkezkT; dh inoh ik ldrk gSA gj xqtjrs lky ds lkFk vf/kdrj Hkkjrh; xkaoksa esa jgu&lgu dk Lrj fxjrk tk jgk gS] Hkys gh ljdkjh vkadMs+ bl ckjs esa ekSu gksaA xkao vc fodkl ls dkslksa nwj gks x, gSaA bl lPpkbZ dks ogh >qByk ldrk gS] ftls tehuh lPpkb;ka utj ugha vkrhA vf/kdrj vkfFkZd fparu'kkyk,a vkSj laLFkk,a pqipki bl m/ksM+cqu esa yxh gSa fd Ñf"k ij vk/kkfjr vFkZO;oLFkk dks fdlh rjg m|ksxksa ij vk/kkfjr vFkZO;oLFkk esa cny fn;k tk,A xzkeh.k fodkl vkSj xjhch dks Hkwy tkb,] vc rks Ñf"k vkSj [kk|kUu dh rjQ [kkl /;ku nsus dh ckr Hkh ugha dh tkrhA vxj dh Hkh tkrh gS rks ek= fn[kkok gksrh gS & dksjh ckrsa ftls vaxzsth esa ^fyi lfoZl* dgrs gSaA futh cSadks ls gksM+ esa fiNM+us ds Mj ls jk"Vªh;Ñr cSadks us Hkh izkFkfedrk ds {ks=ksa dks dtsZ nsus ds jk"Vªh; y{; dks pqids ls nQuk fn;k gSA fjtoZ cSad us lykg nh gS fd Ñf"k&{ks= dks U;wure _.k nsus dh vfuok;Zrk lekIr dj nh tk,A ;g lykg eku yh xbZ rks ;g Hkkjr dh [kk|&lqj{kk ds fy, ekSr dh equknh lkfcr gksxhA ljdkj us vius vkfFkZd losZ{k.k esa ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd [kk|kUu&mRiknu esa mls 4 izfr'kr dh ekewyh fxjkoV Hkh vko';d oLrqvksa ds nke c<+us vkSj eagxkbZ c<+kus esa oSlk gh dke djrh gS] tSlk fd vkx esa ?khA blh dkj.k ljdkj dks lu~ 1991 vkSj fQj lu~ 1996 esa [kk|kUu dk vk;kr djus ds fy, foo'k gksuk iM+kA lu~ 1998 ds v/kkZa'k esa I;kt vkSj lfCt;ksa dh dherksa esa Hkkjh mNky vk;k] ftlds fy, ljdkj dh xyr uhfr;ka gh ftEesnkj Fkha] ftuds rgr lfCt;ksa dks ljdkjh 34

fu;a=.k ls ckgj j[kk x;kA ysfdu I;kt dh eagxkbZ us ljdkj dks [kwc #yk;k vkSj mls jktuhfrd iru dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA ysfdu jktuhfrd uqdlku mBkdj Hkh ljdkj dh vdy fBdkus ughas vkbZA Hkkjrh; m|ksx fo'o O;kikj laxBu ¼MCY;w-Vh-vks½ dh gka esa gka feykdj tks uqL[ks crk jgk gS] mUgsa rks ljdkj fcuk ikuh ds Hkh fuxyus dks rS;kj gS] ysfdu ns'k dh [kk| lqj{kk dh ckr blds xys ugha mrjrhA mls rks varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ds gokys djus ds fy, rS;kj gSA MCY;w-Vh-vks ds ncko esa fons'kh Ñf"k&oLrqvksa vkSj nwljh phtksa ds fy, vius ns'k ds }kj [kksy nsus dk eryc ;gh gksxk fd cgqr cM+h la[;k esa Hkkjr ds QVsgky xjhcksa dh gh ugha] [kkrs&ihrs yksxksa dh thfodk Hkh [krjs esa iM+ tk,xhA m/kj vejhdk] ;wjksih la?k] dukMk vkSj vkLVªsfy;k gh ugha] phu tSls ns'k Hkh viuk lLrk eky Hkkjr esa iVdus ds fy, rS;kj gSa vkSj reke ,slh phtsa vk jgh gS] ftudh ;gka dksbZ t:jr ugha FkhA [kklrkSj ls fons'kh lLrk vukt vkSj vU; [kkl oLrq,a csjksdVksd vkus yxsa rks Hkkjrh; Ñf"k dk fVdkÅiu rks rckg gksxk gh] lk/ku&foghu djksM+ksa fdlku viuh NksVh&NksVh tksrks ls Hkh gkFk /kks cSBsaxsA Ñf"k&vk;kr dks NwV nsus ls djksM+ksa yksxksa dh thfodk izHkkfor gksxhA ftl ns'k esa vk/kh ls vf/kd vkcknh dks nSfud vkenuh ,d vejhdh Mkyj ls T;knk u gks] ogka Ñf"k&vk;kr dk vlj fdruk fouk'kdkjh gksxk] bldk vanktk yxkuk eqf'dy ugha gSA [ksrhckM+h ls ckgj vkdj fdlku tk,axs Hkh rks dgka\ cl csjkstxkjh c<+k,axsA fons'kh O;kikj ds jkLrs esa ns'kh fgrksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, [kM+h dh xbZ nhokjs fxjrs gh fons'kh oLrqvksa dh ,slh ck<+ vk,xh] tks Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks cgk ys tk,xhA Hkkjrh; dqf"k gkf'k, ij rks igys ls gh gS] vkSj Hkh dksus dh vksj f[kld tk,xhA ljdkj tks crkrh gS] mlds myV fo'o ds Ñf"k O;kikj esa lcls vxz.kh ns’k vius fdlkuksa ij th [kksy dj fj;k;rsa yqVk jgs gSaA os Ñf"k&fu;kZr dj ldsa blds fy, Hkh lfClMh nh tkrh gS vkSj tehu [kkyh NksM+ nsa] blds fy, Hkh eqvkotk feyrk gSA la;qDr jk"Vª fodkl dk;ZØe ¼;w-,u-Mh-ih½ ds eqrkfcd lu~ 1995 esa vkS|ksfxd ns'kksa us vius fdlkuksa dh lfClMh nsus ij yxHkx 1610 [kjc #i;s [kpZ fd, FksA MCY;w-Vh-vks us muls ;gh dgk Fkk fd vxys Ng lkyksa esa bl lcflMh dks 21 izfr'kr ?kVk nks rks Hkh ;g lfClMh 130 [kjc #i;s ds vklikl gksxhA tYnh gh Hkkjr ds fdlku bl HkweaMyhdj.k ds f'kdkj gksus okys gaSA lcls Hkkjh dher pqdk,axs] lk/ku foghu xjhc fdlku tks xqtkjs ds fy, [ksrh djrs gSaA

lc dqN fdlku&fojks/kh gfjr&Økafr ds 30 lkyksa ckn Hkh lc dqN fdlku&fojks/kh py jgk gS] [kklrkSj ls NksVs fdlku dk fojks/khA vf/kd iawth&fuos'k pkgus okyh rduhdksa dks rks oSls gh viuk ugha ldrs Fks] ckdh jgh&lgh deh iwjh dj nh mnkjhdj.k us] tks lu~ 35

1990&91 ls 'kq: gqvkA vc ;s fdlku djksM+ksa Mkyj okys Ñf"k&m|ksxksa ds lgkjs NksM+ fn, x, gSaA gtkjksa fdlku gj rjg ds dqykcs tksM+&tkM+dj viuh Qlyksa dks dPps eky dh ctk, ids&idk, eky cukus&cspus ls vf/kd dekbZ djus ds lius ns[kus yxs gSaA blesa futh daifu;ka buls eky [kjhnus ds lkSns rks dj ysrh gSa] ysfdu ckn esa eqdj tkrh gSaA blds fy, muds ikl lkS cgkus gSaA Hkys gh [kk| O;kikj ds dSMcjh] isIlh vkSj dkfxZy tSls eBk/kh'k gksa ;k fQj nks;e uacj ds Ñf"k&m|ksx] lcdk bjknk ,d gh gS fd fdlku dk tgka rd gks lds 'kks"k.k djksA ;s muls dgsaxs fd rqe VekVj mxkvks vkSj ge iwjk [kjhn ysaxs vkSj VksesVks I;wjh cukdj ;k VksesVks&lkWl cukdj cspsaxs vkSj rqEgsa VekVj ds vPNs nke nsaxsA ,d&nks lky iwjs nke nsaxs vkSj fQj vpkud nke ?kVk nsaxsA fdlku dks etcwju ?kVh dher ysdj gh larks"k djuk iM+sxkA [ksrh djus esa tks ekSle] dhM+s vkSj chekfj;ksa ds tksf[ke gSa] os lc rks fdlku ds gSa ghA daifu;ksa ds cgkus rks nsf[k,A fdlh lky os laarjk&mRikndksas ls dgsaxs fd vc mrus nke ugha ns ldrs] D;ksafd rqEgkjs larjksa esa fyeksykbu dk va'k c<+ x;k gSA vkyw&mRikndksa dks dgsaxs fd vkyw ehBs gks x, gSaA Hkys gh Bsdk fd;k x;k gks] ysfdu [kk|&daifu;ka fdlkuksa ds eky esa dqN u dqN [kkfe;ka fudkyrh jgsaxha vkSj ;k rks dher ?kVk nsaxha ;k fQj [kjhnuk can dj nsaxhaA HkksysHkkys fdlku ls dgk tkrk gS fd ^tc nke Åaps gksa] eky fudky nsa vkSj tc nke fxjsa rks ml le; ?kkVs ls cpsaA ;g dguk rks vklku gS] exj djuk eqf'dy gSA VekVj ;k vkyw Hkj dj j[kus ds fy, mlds ikl 'khr&xksnke dgka gaS\ 11 djksM+ NksVs fdlkuksa esa ls 60 izfr'kr ds ikl eqf'dy ls ,d ,dM+ ls Hkh de tehu gS vkSj buesa ls vf/kdrj ds fy, Ñf"k gh thfodk dk ,dek= lk/ku gSA mudks Ñf"k ds O;kikjhdj.k ds eksgtky esa Qkalus dk eryc gksxk] mudh eqlhcrsa vkSj Hkh c<+k nsukA isIlh tSls [kk|&eBk/kh'k Hkh fdlkuksa dks pwuk yxkus esa tjk Hkh ugha fgpdrsA isIlh QwM~l us iatkc ds fdlkuksa ls ok;nk fd;k Fkk fd ogka ckxokuh esa Økafr yk nsaxs vkSj [ksrh esa vk, Bgjko dks rksM+ nsaxsA mUgksaus lkQ dgk Fkk fd Hkkjr ds vkyw fpIl cukus ds dkfcy ughas gSA ysfdu ikap lky ckn ;gh daiuh Hkkjr dh ^panzeq[kh* fdLe ds vkyw ds fpIl cukdj csp jgh FkhA vkyw [kjhnrh gS] vkSus&ikSus Hkko vkSj csprh gS <kbZ lkS :Ik, fdyks ^gkFk ls vuNq,*A ckgj ls tks vkyw isIlh us vk;kr fd, Fks] os Hkh fpIl cukus ds fygkt ls fdlh Hkh rjg Hkkjrh; vkyqvksa ds eqdkcys csgrj ugha FksA ljdkj dks fn, x, izLrko esa isIlh QwM~l us nks djksM+ #i, dh ykxr ls ,d Ñf"k vuqla/kku dsUnz Hkh cukuk Fkk tks vf/kd mit nsus okyh jksxjks/kh fdLesa fodflr djrkA dEiuh us vkyw ds vykok VekVj dh izpfyr Hkkjrh; fdLeksa dks iz'kks/ku 36

¼izkslsflax½ ds mi;qDr ugha ekuk FkkA blfy, daiuh us ;g Hkh ok;nk fd;k Fkk fd og ckgj ls ladj fdLeksa ds cht eaxkdj fdlkuksa esa ckaVsaxhA ;g izLrkfor vuqla/kku dsUnz dHkh cuk gh ughaA iatkc esa isIlh QwM~l ds nks dkj[kkus t:j cu x, & ,d tgwjk esa vkSj nwljk ifV;kyk esaA Hkkjr esa fodflr ladj VekVj gh bu nksuksa QwM izkslsflax QSDVfj;ksa esa bLrseky fd, tk jgs gSaA blh rjg isIlh QwM~l dh gh ,d 'kk[kk gS ^^dsVqdh QzkbM fpdu** ¼ds-,Q-lh½A blus Hkh Ñf"k vkSj eqxhZ vuqla/kku dks c<+kok nsus ds cgkus Hkkjr esa izos'k fd;k] D;ksafd mldh utj esa Hkkjr ds eqxsZ&eqfxZ;kWa izkslsflax ds dkfcy ugha FksA vkt ;gh ds-,Q-lh vuql/a kku dks c<+kok nsus dk bjknk NksM+dj Hkkjrh; uLyksa dks idkdj csp jgh gSA dkfxZy dEiuh us Hkh cM+s Hkkjh&Hkkjh ok;ns fd,] ftUgsa ckn esa fuHkk ugha ikbZA blus lwjteq[kh dh ladj fdLe ds cht cM+h Hkkjh mit dk ok;nk dj ds csps] tc fd fdlkuksa us mxk, rks iSnkokj cgqr de gqbZA fo'ks"kKksa dk dguk gS fd ;g ladj lwjteq[kh ogh Fkh] tks fd iwohZ ;wjksi esa izfo"V dh xbZ Fkh vkSj ckn esa ogka vlQy fl) gqbZA Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn us dkfxZy dh ladj lwjteq[kh dks fdlkuksa ds [ksrksa ij vktekus ds iz;ksx yxk, FksA daiuh us mUgsa iwjk gksus ls igys gh jksd fn;kA bl rjg ;s reke daifu;ka O;kikj esa >wB vkSj /kks[kk/kM+h ds lgkjs pyrh gSa vkSj ekjk tkrk gS HkksykHkkyk fdlkuA vDlj vf/kd dekbZ ds ykyp esa fdlku buds tky esa Qal tkrs gSa vkSj fQj iNrkrs gSaA

vuqfpr izkS|ksfxdh ,d ckr fcydqy vPNh rjg le> ysuh pkfg, fd dksbZ Hkh cgqjk"Vªh; dEiuh fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds fgrlao/kZu ds fy, vuqla/kku ugha djrhA pkgs eksalk.Vks daiuh dk 10 ls 15 izfr'kr nw/k c<+kus okyk fooknkLin ^cksokbu xzksFk gkeksZu* ¼ch-th-,p½ gks ;k fQj ;wuhyhoj daiuh dk ;g ok;nk fd os Hkkjr esa fo'oLrj dk [kk| foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh laLFkku cuk,axsA buesa ls dksbZ Hkh Hkkjr dh enn ugha djuk pkgrsA mudh fuxkgsa rks if'peh cktkjksa ij fVdh gSaA budh izkS|ksfxdh ewyr% rhljh nqfu;k ds fdlkuksa ds fy, ugha gSa vkSj os Hkkjr esa mudk bLrseky dsoy varjkZ"Vªh; cktkjksa ds fy, djuk pkgrs gSaA Bsds ij [ksrh dk ,d iqjkuk rjhdk phuh feyksa ds ekeys esa dkQh dke;kc lkfcr gqvk gSA bldk Qk;nk NksVs&cM+s lHkh fdlku mBk jgs gSa] c'krsZ fd muds xUus dh dher dk Hkqxrku le; ij gksrk jgsA xUus dh [ksrh phuh fey ds vklikl ,d fuf'pr nk;js esa dh tkrh gS vkSj lkjk xUuk phuh fey [kjhn ysrh gSA blesa nksuksa dk Qk;nk gSA feyksa dk Hkh] fdlkuksa dk HkhA fey pkgs ljdkjh gks ;k futh] og [kqn xUus dh [ksrh ugha dj ldrhA xUuk vklikl ds fdlku mxkrs gSaA fey mUgsa vPNh fdLe dh ikS/k&lkexzh ¼nke ysdj½ eqgS;k djrh gS] nwljs Ñf"k&lk/ku Hkh miyC/k djkrh gS vkSj ,d Ñf"k izlkj ra= ds tfj, iwjh rduhdsa vkSj tkudkjh

miyC/k djkrh gSA y{; ;gh gS fd phuh fey dks jksxeqDr] LoLFk vkSj vf/kd jlhyk xUuk le; ij feyrk jgsA baxyS.M dh ekdZ ,.M Lisalj dEiuh] vejhdk dh dSyksx vkSj xksMQzs fQfyIl dEifu;ka vkSj fLoV~tjyS.M dh iksfial uked daiuh dPpseky ds fy, Hkkjrh; fdlkuksa dh vksj >qdh gSaA os fu;kZr ;ksX; csgrj fdLe dh Qly mxkus ds fy, fdlkuksa ds chp ubZ rduhd vkSj tkudkjh QSykus dk dke Hkh djrh gSaA [kk| O;kikj ds eBk/kh'k ,p-ts-ghat us XySDlks dh [kk| inkFkZ okyh 'kk[kk [jhn yh gSA blus viuh xsgaw ] pkoy] eDdk vkSj VekVj dh vkiwfrZ ds fy, Bsds ij [ksrh djkus dk fu'p; fd;k gSA dSMcjh bf.M;k us Hkh dukZVd esa 5000 ,dM+ esa dksdks ds cxhps yxokus dk QSlyk fd;k gS vkSj lkjk dksdks daiuh [kjhnsxhA ;gh ;kstuk vkU/kzizns'k esa Hkh pykbZ tk,xhA ysfdu cgqr ckj ;g gksrk gS fd cktkj ds ncko bu daifu;ksa dks Bsds ij [ksrh ds le>kSrs jÌ djus Ikj etcwj dj nsrs gSaA daifu;ksa dk rks dqN [kkl uqDlku ugha gksrk] ysfdu fdlku dks Hkkjh >Vdk yxrk gSA pkdysV cukus okyh dqN daifu;ksa us lu~ 1993&94 Eksa Hkkjrh; fdlkuksa ls dksdks [kjhnus dh ctk;] ckgj ls eaxkuk 'kq: dj fn;k] D;ksafd Hkkjr esa dksdks eagxk fey jgk FkkA ;gh iatkc esa isIlh QwM us fd;kA tc cktkj esa VekVj dh Hkjekj gks xbZ rks mlus fdlkuksa dks iwjs nke ugha fn, vkSj u iwjh rknkn esa VekVj [kjhnkA

gR;kjs [ksr vkU/kzizns'k esa 1996 ls fdlkuksa esa vkRegR;kvksa dk tks nkSj pyk] mlus dukZVd] egkjk"Vª] iatkc vkSj gfj;k.kk ds [ksr&[kfygkuksa esa Hkh fouk'k ds rk.Mo dks mdlk;kA ;g rks cl 'kq:vkr gSA vkus okys o"kks± esa ;g [krjukd izo`fÙk c<+ ldrh gS vkSj dtZ ds cks> ls ncs vf/kdkf/kd fdlku Qly ekjs tkus ij bl jkLrs dks viuk ldrs gSaA mnkjhÑr Ñf"k&vk;kr&uhfr dk lh/kk vlj bu fdlkuksa dh tku ys jgk gSA ysfdu gekjk ns'k bruk Ñr/u gS fd 500 ls vf/kd lk/kughu fdlkuksa dh vkRegR;kvksa ds rjg&rjg ds dkj.k crk, x,] dkuwuh desfV;ka fcBk nha vkSj ftu ij dtsZ cdk;k Fks] os ekQ dj fn,] ysfdu ns'k dh vkRek bu vkRegR;kvksa ls rfud Hkh fgyh ughaaA budh rg esa tkus dh dksbZ iqjtksj dksf'k'k ljdkj us ugha dhA Hkw[k vkSj xjhch dks ns[krs&ns[krs ge yksx 'kk;n brus vknh gks x, gSa fd fdlh dh ekSr ;k vkRegR;k dh [kcj gesa fopfyr ughas djrhA ge iRFkj ds cqr dh rjg cSBs ns[krs&lqurs vkSj i<+rs jgrs gSaA cl ,d [kcj Hkj gS xjhc dh ekSr! dksbZ rhoz izfrfØ;k ugha gksrhA

bl le; lHkh jktuhfrd ny vius vfLrRo ds ladV ls tw> jgs gSa] D;ksafd mu ij ls turk dk fo'okl mB x;k gSA turk le> xbZ gS fd lc ,d gh FkSyh ds pÍs&cÍs gSa vkSj tSls ukxUkkFk] oSls lkaiukFk! lcds lc tgjhysA fdlkuksa dh vkRegR;k,a bu lkaiukFkksa esa d#.kk txkrh Hkh rks dSlsA mUgsa rks viuh dqlhZ cpkus dh T;knk fpark gSA fdlh dh tku tk, rks tk,A lSdM+ksa fdlku O;FkZ gh 'kghn gks x,A ljdkjh O;oLFkk bu lHkh ds ekeyksa dks viuh dqlhZ ds uhps fcNs xyhps ds vanj ljdk dj pSu dh uhan ys jgh gSA gfjr&Økafr ds ckn dh ;g lcls cM+h d#.kk&dFkk vj.;&jksnu gh cu ldhA vkU/kz izns'k esa ftu 300 ds yxHkx fdlkuksa us vkRegR;k,a dha] mu ij 60]000 #i, ls 80]000 #i, dk dtZ cdk;k Fkk ;kuh eqf'dy ls 1500 ;k 2000 MkyjA ;s lc vius ihNs vkSlru ikap&ikap lnL;ksa ds ifjokjksa dks vukFk dj x,A iatkc vkSj gfj;k.kk esa dtZ dh jde 1]20]000 ;k bl ls Hkh T;knk FkhA ckdh jkT;ksa esa fdlkuksa ij vf/kd ls vf/kd 80]000 ;k blls de ds dtsZ FksA brus ekewyh dtsZ ds fy, ljdkjh ;k futh {ks= dk dksbZ Hkh deZpkjh viuh tku ugha nsxkA tcfd fdlku brus vlgk; gks x, fd mUgsa viuh tku ysus ds fy, etcwj gksuk iM+kA bu vHkkxs fdlkuksa ij bruk&lk dtZ Hkh dksbZ ,d lky esa gh ugha p<+ x;kA ;g dbZ o"kksZa ls tek gksrs&gksrs bl Lrj rd c<+k FkkA 'kq: esa rks mUgksaus dqN gtkj #i, gh Qlyh dtZ ds rkSj ij fy, FksA ysfdu Hkkjrh; cSafdax iz.kkyh bl ekewyh dtsZ dh y?kq _.k iz.kkyh dks viukus ds fy, rS;kj ugha gqbZ vkSj fdlkuksa dks nsgkrksa esa pyh vk jgh iqjkuh _.k O;oLFkk ;kuh lkgwdkj dh 'kj.k esa tkuk iM+kA vxj cSad lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh ekQZr NksVs fdlkuksa dks NksVs dtsZ nsrs Hkh gSa] rks Qly ekjs tkus ij mu dtksaZ dks ekQ djus ds fy, rS;kj ugha gksrsA vxj ;gh iSekuk bu jk"Vªh;Ñr cSadksa us vehj vkSj rkdroj m|ksxifr;ksa ds fy, Hkh viuk;k gksrk rks bu cSadksa dh xSj&fu"ikfnr ifjlaifÙk;ka ¼ukWu&ijQksfeZax vlsV~l & ,u-ih,½ 4]400 vjc #i, dh vikj /ku&jkf'k ls Åij D;ksa igaqprs A ftu fdlkuksa us tgjhyh dhVuk'kh nok ihdj tku nh] os tkurs Fks fd dtZ u pqdk ikus ij mudh fdruh cqjh xr curhA mUgsa irk Fkk fd mudh ekSr ds ckn gh ljdkj psrsxh vkSj muds dtsZ ekQ djk,xh vkSj bl rjg mudk ifjokj bl dtZ ds cks> ls rax ugha gksxk] eqDr gks tk,xkA blhfy, mUgksaus vius izk.kksa dh cfy nhA nf{k.k ,f'k;k vkSj nf{k.k iwoZ ,f'k;k ds ns'kksa esa Hkh ukxfjdksa dh vizkÑfrd ekSrksa ds ckjs esa gksus okyh izfrfØ;kvksa esa varj ik;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, b.Mksusf'k;k esa ljdkj dk fojks/k dj jgs izn'kZudkfj;ksa ij xksyh pyh vkSj 500 ds djhc ukxfjd ekjs x, rks ogka dk fujadq'k rkuk'kkgh 'kklu /kjk'kk;h gks x;kA ljdkj cny xbZA Hkkjr esa rks 500 fdlkuksa dh ekSr ljdkj dks bruk Hkh ugha fgyk ikbZ fd lacaf/kr bykds ds ftEesnkj vf/kdkfj;ksa dks fudkyuk rks nwj] mudk rcknyk gh dj nsrhA

Qly dks uqdlku igqapkus okyk ,d [krjukd dhM+k] dksbZ ,slh otg ugha gS] ftlds fy, fdlku viuh tku nsaA ysfdu fQj Hkh fdlkuksa dks vkRegR;k djuh iM+h] D;ksafd os Hkkjrh; Ñf"k ds c<+rs O;kikjhdj.k ds ykHkksa ls oafpr gks x, FksA blds ihNs tks vlfy;r gS] mldk [kqyklk djsa] rks vki ik,axs fd ;g 'kk;n bl ns'k dk lcls cM+k ?kiyk FkkA dikl dh Qly us bu fdlkuksa dh tku yh] tks fd uxnh Qly gSA vf/kd dekbZ ds fy, fdlku dikl] xUuk vkSj rEckdw oxSjg dh uxnh Qlysa mxkrs gSaA dikl ij dhM+s yxrs gSa] ftudh jksdFkke ds fy, dhVuk'kh nok,a bLrseky djuh gksrh gSaA dikl ,slh Qly gS] ftlesa lcls T;knk dhVuk'kh nok,a bLrseky dh tkrh gSaA lcls [krjukd dhM+k gS vejhdh ckWyoeZ ;k lwaM+hA bldh jksd/kke ,d rjg ls bl dhM+s vkSj dhVuk'kh nok m|ksx ds chp ,d dM+h izfr;ksfxrk dk :i ys pqdh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ns'k dk 55 ls 60 izfr'kr isLVhlkbM dsoy dikl dh Qly ij gh fNM+dk tkrk gSA gj lky ;g dhM+k 15]000 vjc #i, dh Qlysa pV dj tkrk gSA vdsyh dikl gh ugha vkSj Hkh Qlysa bl dhM+s dks fiz; gSa ,d ls nwljh Qly vkSj nwljs Qly&ekSle esa geyk cksyrk ;g dhV yxHkx 90 Qlyksa dk nq'eu cu x;k gSA Hkkjr esa gh ugha djhc 62 ns'kksa esa bl dhM+s us rgydk epk j[kk gSA fdlkuksa dh vkRegR;kvksa ds ihNs bl dhV ls Hkh cM+h O;kf/k dke dj jgh gS] ftlus lewph Hkkjrh; Ñf"k dks nckspk gqvk gSA blesa ,d vksj dhVuk'kh&m|ksx ds O;kikjh vkSj foØsrk vkSj jkT; ljdkj ds Qly&j{kk foHkkx ds vf/kdkjh gSa] vkSj nwljh vksj Hkksys&Hkkys fdlkuA dhVuk'kh m|ksx ds fy, rks vesfjdu ckWyoeZ ,d ojnku cudj vk;k gSA blh ds cwrs Hkkjr dk dhVuk'kh&m|ksx equkQk dek jgk gS vkSj O;kikjh rFkk foØsrkvksa dh pkanh dV jgh gSA Qly dk uqdlku gks ;k u gks] ;s O;kikjh dHkh ?kkVs esa ugha jgrsA

feykoVh nok,a vDlj fdlkuksa dks tks nok csph tkrh gS] og feykoVh gksrh gSA buesa udyh vkSj tkyh phtsa feykdj fdlku dks vlyh ds nke ij Hkst nh tkrh gSSA vkU/kzizns'k ds okjaxy ftys esa ftykLrj ij lcls T;knk dhVuk'kh nok,a fcdrh gSaA ;gka tc Nkis ekjs x,] rks vf/kdrj nok,a udyh fudyhaA tks Hkh nok fNM+dh xbZ Fkh] lcdh lc udyh FkhA iatkc vkSj gfj;ka.kk esa udyh dhVukf'k;ksa dh egkekjh QSy jgh gSA bl rjg dhM+k cM+h ekSt ls Qly dks pkSiV djus esa yxk jgrk gSA 15&20 ckj nok fNM+d yks exj ml dhM+s dk cky Hkh ckadk ugha gksrkA blds ckn tgka 40

ljdkjh ikS/k&j{kk vf/kdkjh nokvksa ds izfr dhV esa jksf/krk ¼jsftLVsal½ iuius dh nqgkbZ nsrs gSa] ogha nok&m|ksx vkSj Hkh [krjukd vkSj Hkh tgjhyh nok,a [kkstus] cukus vkSj T;knk eagxs nkeks ij cspus ds tqxkM+ esa tqV tkrk gSA vxj dhVuk'kh m|ksx vkSj ikS/k&j{kk foHkkxksa dh feyhHkxr dh lh-ch-vkb tkap djs rks fcgkj ds pkjk&dkaM ls Hkh cM+k ?kiyk fudysxk] ftldh tM+sa jktuhfrd f'k[kjksa rd [kksth tk ldsxhaA lcls igys lu~ 1987&88 esa fdlkuksa dh vkRegR;kvksa us ljdkj dk /;ku vejhdh ckWyoeZ dh rjQ [khapk FkkA mlds ckn gh ;g [kkst gqbZ fd flaFksfVd ikbjsFkzksbM oxZ ds dhVuk'kh vc bl dhM+s dks ugha ekj ikrsA ;gh D;k gj dhM+k viuk :i cnyrk jgrk gS] rkfd dhVuk'kh nokvksa dk mu ij vlj u gksA nl lky ckn ;g dhM+k vius vf/kd mxz :i esa izdV gqvkA bldk eqdkcyk djus ds fy, vkU/kzizns'k ds okjaxy ftys ds fdlkuksa us gj lky 200 djksM+ #i, ds yxHkx dhVuk'kh nokvksa ij [kpZ djus 'kq: fd,A ysfdu vejhdh ckWyoeZ ls igys ogka ,d vkSj dhM+s ^LiksMksjIVsjk* us dikl dh ifÙk;ka [kkuh 'kq: dj nhA jgh&lgh dlj dikl dh MksaMh esa Nsn djds mldk jl pwlus okyh vejhdh lwaM+h us iwjh dj nhA fygktk T;knk nok [kjhnus ds fy, T;knk dtkZ ysuk iM+k vkSj nok rFkk dhVO;kf/k ds bl nq'pØ us ogka ds fdlkuksa dks vkRegR;kvksa ds fy, etcwj dj fn;kA ysfdu blds fy, vejhdh lawM+h dks nks"k nsuk ukbalkQh gksxhA [ksrksa esa dksbZ 28 ,sls dhV&irax ik, tkrs gSa] tks vejhdh lawMh ij geyk cksyrs gSA bu fe=dhVksa dh cnkSyr fdlkuksa dh dikl dh Qly lfn;ksa ls dhVO;kf/k;ksa dk dqnjrh rkSj ij eqdkcyk djrh jgh gSA ysfdu foMEcuk ;g gS fd tc dhVuk'kh nok,a fNM+dh tkrh gSa] rks bu fe=dhVksa dk Hkh lQk;k gks tkrk gSA vius 'k=qvksa dh ekSr ds ckn vejhdh ckWyoeZ vkSj Hkh izp.M :i xzg.k dj ysrk gSA ,d ckj dhVuk'kh nok us [ksrksa esa izkÑfrd larqyu fcxkM+k rks ekewyh dhV Hkh 'ksj cu tkrs gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd dikl esa lQsn eD[kh Hkh dkQh uqdlku djus yxh gSA blh fLFkfr dk Qk;nk mBkdj dqN cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka vkSj jlk;u&daifu;ka u, xBtksM+ cukdj ijkthuh ;k ijkuqoaf'kd dikl ds cht cspus ds tqxkM+ esa yx xbZ gSaA ;s cht ,d ubZ rjg dh fo"kerk QSyk,axs vkSj fdlku dks ,d vyx rjg ds nq'pØ esa Qalk nsaxsA bl leL;k dk gy ijkthuh dikl ughsa gSA vejhdk esa Hkh ijkthuh dikl ugha pykA ogka Hkh dikl mRikndksa dks blds dkj.k Hkkjh uqdlku mBkuk iM+kA vxj Hkkjr esa Hkh ogh bfrgkl nqgjk;k x;k rks ;gka vkRegR;kvksa dh fxurh djuk eqf'dy gks tk,xkA

dhVuk'kh esa dhV lu~ 1983&84 esa yqf/k;kuk esa fLFkr iatkc Ñf"k fo'ofo|ky; ds oSKkfudksa ds pkSFkh ih<+h ds isLVhlkbM ;kuh Ñard uk'kh flaFksfVd ikbjsFkzkbM dks dikl esa bLrseky 41

djus dh flQkfj'k dhA mlh lky fglkj esa fLFkfr gfj;k.kk Ñf"k fo'ofo|ky; ds ikS/k&j{kk fo'k"kKksa us ikbjsFkzkbM dk bLrseky u djus dh lykg nhA mudk rdZ ;g Fkk fd ikbjsFkzkbM&oxZ ds tgjhys dhVuk'kh oU;thoksa ds fy, gkfudkjd gS& vkSj buls balkuks esa dSalj iuius dh vk'kadk gSA vxys lky gh ;s fglkjh; fo'ks"kK iyVk [kk x, vkSj ikbjsFkzkbM jlk;uksa dh flQkfj'k djus yxsA bl rjg ,d ^fo"kSyk pDdj* py iM+kA pan lkyksa esa gh vejhdh lwaMh ikbjsFkzkbM&nokvksa ds fy, Hkh csdkcw gks xbZA dikl dh [ksrh okys dqN bykdksa esa rks oSKkfudksa us ikbjsFkzkbM ds bLrseky ij ikcanh yxkus dk Hkh vkxzg fd;kA bldh ctk; fdlkuksa us bu dhVuk'kh nokvksa dh [kqjkd c<+kdj fNM+dko djuk 'kq: fd;kA tc ;g Hkh dkjxj u gqvk rks fdlkuksa us flaaFksfVd ikbjsFkzkbM vkSj vkWxsZuksQkWLQsV oxZ dh dhVuk'kh nokvksa dk feJ.k bLrseky djuk 'kq: fd;kA blls iszj.kk ysdj nok&m|ksx bl rjg ds rS;kj 'kqnk jsMhesM feDLpj cktkj esa ys vk;k] ftuesa dbZ nok,a feykbZ gksrh FkhaA bLrseky dh flQkfj'k djus ds 15 lky ckn iatkc Ñf"k fo'ofo|ky; ds fo'ks"kK viuh jkT; ljdkj vkSj Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn ij ncko Mkyus yxs fd ikbjsFkzkbM nokvksa ds bLrseky ij iwjh rjg ikcanh yxk nh tk,A tks dHkh fdlkuksa dk ^j{kd* cukdj cktkj esa mrkjk x;k Fkk] ogh vc rd fdlkuksa dk lcls cM+k ^Hk{kd* cu pqdk FkkA iatkc ds fdlkuksa us lu~ 1988 esa dikl ij yxHkx 3800 djksM+ #i, dh dhVuk'kh nok,a fNM+dhaA tc fd mUgksaus dsoy 25]00 djksM+ #i, dh dekbZ dhA vc oSKkfud flaFksfVd ikbjsFkzksbM oxZ dh nokvksa ds fodYi [kkstus esa yxs gSa] tks vkSj Hkh T;knk tgjhys vkSj vljnkj gksAa dikl dh Qly ij dhVukf'k;ksa dk dksbZ Hkh vlj u gksus ds fiNys bfrgkl ls yxrk gS oSKkfudksa us dksbZ lcd ugha lh[kkA vc os thfu;kxjh ls rS;kj ijkthuh dikl ds cht viukus dh flQkfj'k dj jgs gSaA tc fd os vPNh rjg tkurs gSa fd ijkthuh dikl ds dhVjks/kh thu ds izfr Hkh dhVksa esa jksf/krk fodflr gksus esa T;knk nsj ughsa yxssxh vkSj pan lkyksa esa ijkthuh dikl Hkh dhVO;kf/k;ksa ds lkeus ?kqVus Vsd nsxhA D;k gekjk ns'k mu Ñf"k oSKkfudksa ij Hkjkslk dj ldrk gS] tks dhVuk'kh nok&m|ksx vkSj vc ck;ksVSd daifu;ksa ds gkFkksa fcd pqds gSa\ Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn dikl essa dhV&fu;a=.k ds izkÑfrd mik;ksa ds fodkl] ijh{k.k vkSj izlkj ij iwjk /;ku yxk,] rks fQj dhVuk'kh nokvksa vkSj ijkthuh Qlyksa ds nq'pØ esa Qalus dh t:jr gh ugha iMs+xhA Hkkjr ds dikl&mRikndksa dh lgk;rk ds fy, Ñf"k oSKkfudksa dks cl nwjnf'kZrk vkSj izfrc)rk dh vko';drk gSA Ñf"k oSKkfudksa dks ,d ckj iqu% dfVc) gksdj fdlkuksa dh lsok dk ladYi nqgjkuk gksxk] rkfd dikl&mRiknd ^fo"k&pØ* ds ckgj vkdj pSu dh lkal ys ldsaA b.Mksusf'k;k ds iwoZ jk"Vªifr lqgkrksZ dk mnkgj.k gekjs lkeus gS] ftUgksaus jktuhfrd 42

nwjnf'kZrk dk ifjp; nsdj vius fdlkuksa dks dhVuk'kh nokvksa ds fo"k&pØ ls eqDr fd;k FkkA

lek/kku gS dhVuk'kh&eqDr Ñf"k lu~ 1986&87 esa b.Mksusf'k;k ds jk"Vªifr lqgkrksZ us tks dj fn[kk;k] og Hkkjr D;ksa ugha nqgjk ldrkA gekjs ;gka Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn ds v/khu ^lesfdr dhV fu;a=.k* ¼vkb-ih-,e½ ij ,d iwjk jk"Vªh; vuqla/kku dsUnz dke dj jgk gSA lkFk gh ^jk"Vªh; Ñf"k izkS|ksfxdh ifj;kstuk* ¼,u-,-Vh-ih½ ds rgr vkb-ih-,e- dk ,d jk"VªO;kih dk;ZØe cM+s tksj&'kksj ls pyk;k tk jgk gSA gekjs ;gka uhe tSls izkÑfrd dhVuk'kh ds isM+ iwjs ns'k esa mxs gq, gSaA fQj D;k ckr gS fd ge dhVksa ds fu;a=.k ds xSj&jklk;fud mik; ugha viuk ldrs gSA vly esa tgka ge vkb-ih,e- ds ckjs esa tu&psruk txkrs vkSj fdlkuksa dks bu mik;ksa dks viukus ds fy, mdlkus ds iz;kl dj jgs gSa] ogha ges jk"Vªifr lqgkrksZ dh rjg reke dhVuk'kh jlk;uksa ij dM+h ikcanh Hkh yxkuh pkfg,A vlfy;r ;g gS fd ftu dhVuk'kh jlk;uksa dks dSalj&tud gksus ds [krjs ds dkj.k iwjh nqfu;k esa can fd;k x;k gS vkSj Hkkjr esa Hkh mu ij jksd yxh gS] os Hkh gekjs ns'k esa csjksd Vksd cu jgs gSa vkSj fcd jgs gSA lqgkrksZ us vius ns'k esa vkb-ih-,e- ds izlkj ds fy, la;qDr jk"Vª dh laLFkk ^,Q-,-vks-* dh enn yh Fkh] ge Hkh ys ldrs gSaA vkb-ih-,e- esa gkfudkjd dhVksa ds fu;a=.k ds fy, tSo mik;] Ñf"k fof/k;ka vkSj vR;ar vYi jklk;fud mik; viuk, tkrs gSaA izkÑfrd dhVukf'k;ksa dk vf/kd mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] tSls fd uhe dkA fdlkuksa dks dhVO;kf/k;ksa ds nq'eu dhM+s&edksM+s igpkuuk fl[kk;k tkrk gS vkSj mudh la[;k c<+kus ds rjhds crk, tkrs gSaA bl rjg edfM+;ka] iraxs] xqcjSys] HkkSajs oxSjg gh fdlku ds nq'euksa dk lQk;k dj Mkyrs gSaA dqN fo"kk.kq ¼ok;jl½] thok.kq ¼cSDVhfj;k½ vkSj QQwanh ¼Qatkb½ Hkh gkfudkjd dhVksa dks u"V djus esa mi;ksxh fl) gq, gSaA ;s lc Hkkjr ds vkb-ih-,e & vfHk;ku esa viuk, tk ldrs gSaA baMksusf'k;k esa tc vkb-ih-,e dk izpkj gqvk rks ogka gj fdlku dks vkSlru 4 MkWyj izfr gSDVj dh cpr gqbZ] D;ksafd jklk;fud nok,a ugha [kjhnuh iM+hA lkFk gh i;kZoj.k 'kq) gqvk] D;ksfd mlesa jklk;fud nokvksa dk tgj ugha QSykA Hkkjr esa rks gky ;g gS fd og dhVuk'kh nok cukus okyh daifu;ksa dh fourh dj jgk gS fd os esgjckuh djds vius dkj[kkus cLrh ls ckgj ys tk,aA ;s iz;kl Hkh Hkksiky ds Hk;kud tgjhyh xSl dkaM ds ckn gh 'kq: fd, x, gSaA lu~ 1992&93 esa Hkkjr es rduhdh Js.kh dh 70]000 Vu ds djhc dhVuk'kh nok,a iSnk dh xbZ Fkha] tks 80]000 Vu izfr o"kZ rd tk igqaphaA Hkkjr ljdkj bl {ks= esa 7400 yk[k Mkyj ds iwathfuos'k ds fy, ykykf;r gSA nqfu;k dh cM+h&cM+h isLVhlkbM daifu;ka Hkkjr esa vius dkj[kkus [kksyuk pkgrh gSaA ,d rks ;gka etnwj lLrs gSa vkSj nwljs bl rjg ds m|ksx nsgkr esa yxkus ij djksa esa Hkkjh NwV gSA

ckgj ls dhVukf'k;ksa dh tks izkS|ksfxdh ykbZ tk jgh gS] og cM+h xbZ&xqtjh gS! ns[kk x;k fd 42 izfr'kr izLrkoksa esa tks VªsMekdZ 'kkfey fd, x, gSa mudh fe;kn fodflr ns'kksa esa fudy pqdh gSA lks] vc os ;gka iVds tk jgs gSaA dksbZ 70 izfr'kr nok,a ,slh ykbZ tk jgh gSa] ftu ij if'peh ns'kksa esa ;k rks ikcanh yxh gS] ;k fQj ftudk bLrseky dqN [kkl ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa gh fd;k tk ldrk gSA nq[k dh ckr ;g gS fd Hkksiky dkaM ds 12 lky ckn Hkh ge fo"kSys Ñf"k&jlk;u fuekZrkvksa ds fy, iyd&ikaoM+s fcNk, mudh vxokuh esa gkFk tksM+ [kM+s gSaA nwljh vksj dukMk] b.Mksusf'k;k] LohMu vkSj uhnjyS.M lfgr yxHkx 23 ns'k dhVuk'kh nokvksa dk bLrseky ?kVkus ds dk;ZØe pyk jgs gSaA buesa ls uhnjyS.M dk dk;ZØe vf/kd O;kid vkSj foLr`r gSA ;gka dh Mp ljdkj us lu~ 1990 esa gh ,d cgq&Lrjh; Qly&j{kk ;kstuk cukbZ Fkh] ftlds varXkZr lu~ 2000 rd dhVuk'kh nokvksa dk bLrseky lu~ 1990 ds Lrj ls vk/kk dj nsus dk y{; j[kk x;k gSA blds fy, lu~ 1983&84 esas bLrseky dh tk jgh vkSlr okf"kZd ek=k dks vk/kkjHkwr ekuk x;k Fkk] tks fd lfØ; vo;o ds rkSj ij 19950 Vu FkhA lu~ 1993 esa gh ;gka ij dhVuk'kh nokvksa dk bLrseky ?kVdj vk/kkj&;k=k dk 40 izfr'kr jg x;kA dhVuk'kh nokvksa dk bLrseky ?kVkus ds lkFk&lkFk Mp fdlkuksa dks dhV&fu;a=.k ds oSdfYid mik;ksa ds ckjs esa f'kf{kr Hkh fd;k x;kA bl rjg vkxs pydj mUgsa Qlyksa dh iSnkokj c<+kus esa de ls de tksf[ke mBkuk iM+sA uhnjyS.M~l esa dhVukf'k;ksa dk bLrseky ?kVkus vkSj oSdfYid mik; viukus ij dqy [kpkZ 1 vjc 30 djksM+ Mkyj dwRkk x;kA blesa ls vf/kdrj [kpZ dhVukf'k;ksa dh fcØh ij yxk, x, djksa ls iwjk fd;k x;kA blh vk/kkj ij vuqla/kku dh izkFkfedrk,a Hkh cnyh xbZaA bl rjg dhV&fu;a=.k ds jklk;fud rjhdksa dh txg xSj&jklk;fud rjhdksa ij vf/kd cy fn;k x;k] tks fd Ik;kZoj.k ds fy, Hkh fgrS"kh gSa vkSj vkfFkZd n`f"V ls Hkh l{ke gSaA gekjs ns'k esa Hkh dikl&mRikndksa dh lqj{kk dk ,d gh mik; gS fd dikl dh Qly ij dhVuk'kh nok ds fNM+dko ij ikcanh yxk nh tk,A dikl dksbZ [kk;k rks ugha tkrk] blfy, blds dkj.k gekjh [kk|&lqj{kk [krjs esa ugha iM+sxhA ysfdu tgka dhVuk'kh nokvksa ds fNM+dko ij ikcanh yxs] ogha dikl esa dhVfu;a=.k ds fy, ^vkb-ih-,e* ds mik; viukus dk ns'kO;kih vfHk;ku Hkh NsM+k tk,A bl ckjs esa Hkh lko/kku jgk tk, fd dhVuk'kh&nok m|ksx dk ncko c<s+xk vkSj os gj rjg ls ljdkj ds bl dne dk fojks/k djsaxsA vxj jk"Vªifr lqgkrksZ vius ns'k esa cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds lkeus ugha >qds rks] gekjs ns'k ds usrk brus jh<+&foghu rks ugha gS fd fdlkuksa ds fgrksa dh vuns[kh djds cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds lkeus ?kqVus Vsd nsaxsA vkf[kjdkj Hkkjr ds fo'kky Ñ"kd leqnk; ds thou&ej.k dk iz'u gS ;gA

vktknh ds 50 o"kksZa ckn Hkh ns'k dk nqHkkZX; gS fd fdlkuksa dh ftanxh esa dksbZ [kkl varj ugha vk;k gS vkSj vf/kdrj fdlku vc Hkh tSls&rSls xqtkjk djus ds fy, foo'k gSaA Lo;a dks Hkkjr dk ^izFke fdlku* dgus okys fouez iz/kkuea=h nsoxkSM+k us Hkh fdlkuksa ds ckjs esa HkkSfrd fpark O;Dr djus ds lkFk dsoy bruk fd;k fd jk"Vªh; Ñf"k uhfr x<+us ds fy, dbZ lfefr;ka cuk nhaA ikap lkyksa esa jk"Vªh; Ñf"k uhfr ds nl elkSns cus vkSj os Ñf"k ea=ky; ds BaMs&cLrs esa iM+s /kwy [kkrs jgsA Åij ls cM+s&cM+s vFkZ'kkL=h Ñf"k vFkZ'kkL=h dk eq[kkSVs&yxkdj Hkkjrh; Ñf"k dks fQj ls Åapkb;ksa ij p<+kus ds lius fn[kkus esa yx x,A rjg&rjg dh flQkfj'ksa djus yxsA bu lc esa ;gh dgk x;k gS fd HkweaMyhdj.k vkSj mnkjhdj.k ds bl nkSj esa Hkkjrh; Ñf"k dks mHkjrh pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus ds fy, rS;kj fd;k tk,A gekjs xjhc fdlku vejhdk vkSj ;wjksi ds /ku dqcsj fdlkuksa dk eqdkcyk djsaA dqN rks ;g Hkh lykg nsus yxs gSa fd [kk|kUu esa vkRefuHkZjrk dks cuk, j[kus dh ftn NksM+dj ge lLrs esa ckgj ls vukt eaxkus ls Hkh xqjst u djsaA ;s yksx bl ckr dks dHkh [kqyklk ugha djrs fd bl cnyrs ifjos'k esa vxj mudh lykg ekuh xbZ rks mu 56 djksM+ fdlkuksa dk D;k gksxk] tks [ksrhckM+h ds lgkjs gh th jgs gSaA

de fuos'k okyh [ksrh bl le; if'peh ns'kksa dks viuh gok] ikuh vkSj feÍh esas dhVukf'k;ksa ds vf/kd mi;ksx ls gks jgs iznw"k.k dh lcls T;knk fpark gSA blds lkFk gh ekuo&LokLF; ij tgjhys dhVukf'k;ksa ds cqjs vlj ds ckjs esa ogka dh ljdkjksa ij turk dk ncko c<+ jgk gSA vc ogka Hkh gfjr&Økafr ds fnuksa esa NwVs Qly&j{kk ds izkÑfrd mik;ksa dks fQj ls izpfyr djus ij /;ku fn;k tk jgk gSA lcls igys de&fuos'k okyh fVdkÅ [ksrh (LISA-Low-Input Sustainable Agriculture) viukus dh 'kq:vkr vejhdk us gh dh FkhA blds fy, vuqla/kku dk ctV gh 3000 yk[k Mkyj j[kk x;k FkkA fo'o ds lcls vehj O;kikfjd la?k& vks-bZ-lh-Mh ¼vkWxZukbts'ku QkWj bdksuksfed dksvksijs'ku½ us Hkh vius lnL; ns'kksa ds fy, dhVukf'k;ksa dk bLrseky de djus dh rhu&lkyk ;kstuk pykbZA Hkkjr tSls Ñf"k&vk/kkfjr ns'k esa dhVukf'k;ksa dk bLrseky ?kVkus ds dk;ZØe pykuk vkSj Hkh t:jh gS] D;ksa fd blls u dsoy [kpkZ de gksxk] cfYd Ik;kZoj.k Hkh iznwf"kr gksus ls cpsxkA xzkeh.k Ik;kZoj.k dks fo"kSys dhVuk'kh fdl rjg iznwf"kr dj jgs gSa] bl ckjs esa nks oSKkfud fjiksVksZas dk gokyk nsuk dkQh gksxkA bl oSKkfud losZ{k.k esa gfj;k.kk vkSj mÙkjizns'k esa xkaoksa ds rkykc vkSj >hysa ^Mh-Mh-Vh* vkSj ^ch,p-lh* ls iznwf"kr ik, x,A eNfy;ksa esa bu nksuksa vkWxsZuksDyksjhu ;kSfxdksa dh ek=k ikuh ds iznw"k.k&Lrj ls Øe'k% 5]066 vkSj 10]847 xquk vf/kd ikbZ xbZA eNfy;ksa ds uewuksa esa ls ,d&frgkbZ esa Mh-Mh-Vh dh ek=k 5 feyhxzke izfr fdyksxzke ds 45

vf/kdre vuqer Lrj ls cgqr Åaph ikbZ xbZA bu uewuksa esa lcls vf/kd ek=k 22 feyhxzke izfr fdyksxzke ikbZ xbZA gekjs ns'k esa vyktksa esa vkSj vU; [kk|&inkFkksaZ esa dSalj iSnk djus okys dhVuk'kh jlk;uksa ds vo'ks"k rFkk fo"kSyh /kkrqvksa ds vo'ks"k izk;% ik, x, gSaA vr% vius ns'k esa rks ^dhVuk'kh ugha* dh uhfr cgqr igys 'kq: dj nsuh pkfg, FkhA dbZ ckj ;g rdZ fn;k tkrk gS fd vHkh rks Hkkjr esa izfr gSDVj dhVuk'kh nokvksa dh vkSlr [kir dsoy 450 xzke gS] tks fd vU; ns'kksa dh rqyuk esa cgqr de gSA blfy, dhVukf'k;ksa dk bLrseky vkSj Hkh c<+kuk pkfg,A iwjs ns'k esa dhVukf'k;ksa dk bLrseky dsoy 20 izfr'kr Ñf"k&Hkwfe esa gh fd;k tk jgk gSA bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd tgka budk T;knk bLrseky fd;k tk jgk gS] ogka vkSlr ek=k ls de ls de nl xquk vf/kd gSA bl dkj.k ekuo&LokLF; rFkk Ik;kZoj.k ds fy, ogka dhVukf'k;ksa dk tgj igys gh [krjk cu pqdk gS vkSj uqDlku dj jgk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, ns'k d dbZ Hkkxksas esa nw/k dh ekQZr gh yksx bruk Mh-Mh-Vh ih jgs gSa] tks fd fo'o LokLF; laxBu ¼MCY;w-,p-vks½ }kjk r; dh xbZ fujkin ek=k ls 14 xquh vf/kd gSA ctk; blds fd bl tgjhys :[k ij yxke yxk,] ljdkj dhVuk'kh nok daifu;ksa dks vius dkj[kkus vkSj fcØh dsUnz Hkkjr esa [kksyus ds fy, vkSj ;gka ls dhVuk'kh nokvksa dk fu;kZr djus ds fy, izksRlkfgr dj jgh gSA dhVukf'k;ksa dk bLrseky de djus esa ljdkjh dksrkgh dk ,d urhtk ;g gqvk gS fd ftu Ñf"k&oLrqvksa dks Hkkjr ls fu;kZr fd;k tk jgk gS] os fu;kZrd ns'kksa ls okil ykSVkbZ tk jgh gSa] D;ksafd buesa dhVukf'k;ksa ds vo'ks"k vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ls vf/kd gSaA teZuh] baXyS.M vkSj tkiku tSls vusd fu;kZrd ns'kksa us bl ckjs esa Hkkjr dks psrkouh nh gS fd Hkkjrh; Ñf"k&oLrqvksa esa dhVukf'k;ksa ds vo'ks"k t:jr ls T;knk vuqikr esa ik, x, gSsaA vxj lkQ&lQkbZ okys varjkZ"Vªh; fu;e vkt ls ykxw dj fn, tk,a rks Hkkjr ls nw/k vkSj mlls cuh phtsa] muesa ekStwn Mh-Mh-Vh @ ch-,p-lh vo'ks"kksa ds dkj.k vxys ikap lkyksa rd fu;kZr ugha dh tk ldsaxhA vr% Hkkjr ds ikl cgqr de fodYi cps gSaA gkfudj dhVukf'k;ksa dk bLrseky de djus ds fy, ,d jk"VªO;kih vfHk;ku rqjar pykuk gksxkA blh ds lkFk jklk;fud nokvksa dh txg dhV&fu;a=.k ds oSdfYid mik; [kkstus ds fy, vuqla/kku vkSj fodkl ds dk;ZØeksa esa vf/kd iwath yxkuh gksxhA fdlku jklk;fud rjhds NksM+dj tSo&mik; viuk,a vkSj Ñf"k&mRiknu ds Ik;kZoj.k&fgrS"kh rjhdkasa dks viuk ldas] blds fy, mUgsa vuqnku rFkk vU; lk/ku nsdj izksRlkfgr djuk gksxkA rHkh ^lesfdr dhV izca/ku* ¼vkbZ-ih-,e½ dk izlkj gksxkA bl rjg dk O;kogkfjd dne mBkus ls Ñf"k ds lkeus [kM+h dqN nh?kZdkfyd leL;kvksa ls Hkh fuiVk tk ldsxk vkSj tgjhys jlk;uksa ls ns'k dks eqDr fd;k tk ldsxkA

xUuk&mRiknu ls lcd ;gka Bsds ij [ksrh dk ogh rjhdk viuk;k tk, tks xUus dh [ksrh ds fy, viuk;k x;k gS] rks d`f"k&m|ksx Hkh Qysxk&Qwysxk vkSj fdlku HkhA Ñf"k ykxr vkSj ewY; vk;ksx ¼lh-,-lh-ih % deh’ku QkWj ,xzhdYpqjy dksLV~l ,.M izkblst½ gj lky xUus dk leFkZu ewY; r; djrh gSA fQj jkT; ljdkj ;g r; djrh gS fd phuh feysa fdlkuksa dks fdruh dher nsaA vxj cktkj ds Hkjksls NksM+ fn;k tkrk rks xUuk&mRiknd foifÙktU; fcØh ds le; lLrs nkeksa ij xUuk cspus dks etcwj fd, tkrs vkSj cjckn gks tkrsA ,d ckj fdlkuksa dks [ksrksa esa [kM+k xUuk tykuk iM+k FkkA VekVj ds fy, ljdkj dksbZ leFkZu ewY; r; ugha djrh vkSj isIlh QwM~l us bldk uktk;t+ Qk;nk mBk;kA dEiuh us fdlkuksa ls VekVj ,d #i;s izfr fdyks ls Hkh de Hkko ij [kjhns] tc fd 'kgjksa esa VekVj 8&10 #i;s fdyks ls 20&25 :Ik, izfr fdyks fcdrs jgs gSaA vxj ljdkj us dksbZ ,slh izfØ;k fodflr dh gksrh fd [kk|&O;kikjh cl ^[kq’kgky fnuksa* ds lkFkh u cudj fdlku dk gj gky esa lkFk fuHkk,a rks vuqla/kku laxBu] futh m|ksx vkSj fdlku bu rhuksa dk laxe vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k ds ykHk okLro esa fdlkuksa vkSj Ñf"k&m|ksxksa dks igaqpk ldrk gSA

rEckdw % xyr izkFkfedrk,a iz/kkuea=h dk in R;kxus ls dqN eghus igys Jh ih-oh- ujflag jko us dqN Ñf"k&fo'ks"kKksa dks cqykdj ;g lykg ekaxh Hkh fd os rEckdw dh Qly dk dksbZ fodYi lq>k,aA iwoZ iz/kkuea=h dks ;g fpark lrk jgh Fkh fd flxjsV ihus ls gksus okys LokLF; laca/kh uqDlku vkSj dSalj rFkk g`n; jksxksa eas rackdw dh Hkwfedk Li"V gksus ls lkjh nqfu;k esa rackdw dk bLrseky de gks jgk gSA Hkkjr esa lcls T;knk rackdw vkU/kzizns'k esa iSnk dh tkrh gS blfy, ogka ds yk[kksa fdlkuksa dh jksth&jksVh [krjs esa iM+ xbZ gS] D;ksafd rackdw dk fu;kZr cjkcj ?kVrk tk jgk gSA Jh ujflag jko ds lkFk Ñf"k&oSKkfudksa dh cSBd dksbZ nks ?kaVs rd pyhA blesa rEckdw&mRikndksa dh enn ds fy, Qlyksa ds dbZ rjg ds feJ.k lksps x,A vkBoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa igys gh ;g QSlyk dj fy;k x;k Fkk fd rackdw dh [ksrh de djrs&djrs var esa lu~ 2000 rd fcYdqy can dj nh tk,xhA cSBd esa ;g r; fd;k x;k fd ,d fo'ks"kK&ny xfBr fd;k tk,] tks rEckdw&mRikndksa dks bl ladV ls mckjus dk jkLrk crk,A ,d ,slk Qly&Øe lkspk tk, ftlls fdlkuksa dks T;knk ugha rks mruh vkenuh t:j gksrh jgs] ftruh fd rEckdw mxkus ls gksrh gSA blds ikap lky ckn Hkktik&xBca/ku us mu lc iz;klksa dks rk[k esa j[kdj ,d vklku rjhdk fudky fy;k fd flxjsV&fuekZ.k dk dke fons'kh ekfydksa dks lkSai fn;k tk,A

,sls le; esa tc nqfu;k rEckdw ls NqVdkjk ikuk pkgrh gS] blls cqjh ckr vkSj D;k gksxh fd flxjsV cukus okyh cM+h&cM+h nkuokdkj daifu;ksa dks vius m|ksx if'peh ns'kksa dh ctk; Hkkjr esa yxkus dk fuea=.k fn;k tk,A igys ;gh lkft'k dhVuk'kh nokvksa ds fuekZ.k esa dh xbZ Fkh fd cM+h&cM+h ukeh daifu;kaa dks Hkkjr esa gh tgjhyh dhVuk'kh nok,a cukus ds dkj[kkus [kksyus dh vuqefr nh xbZA urhtk gqvk Hkksiky xSl dk.MA mlds ckn ckgj ls tgjhyk vkSj [krjukd Nhtu Hkkjr esa iVdus ds jkLrs [kksys x,A mlds ckn eksVjdkj&m|ksx dh pkch fosns'kh daifu;ksa dks lkSai nh xbZA bl rjg Hkkjr mu reke m|ksxksa vkSj dkj[kkuksa ds fy, LoxZ cu x;k gS] ftUgas if'peh ns'k viuk i;kZoj.k 'kq) j[kus ds mÌs'; ls ogka ls Hkxk jgs gSaA flxjsV&m|ksx lcls T;knk iznw"k.k iSnk djrk gS] ysfdu tc vkU/kzizns'k ds izpkj&fiz; eq[;ea=h pUnzckcw uk;Mw us Hkh viuk otu m/kj gh Mky fn;k rks fQj D;k Fkk] fons'kh&iwath fuos'k ds ykyp ds uhps ukxfjdksa ds LokLF; i;kZoj.k vkSj iznw"k.k laca/kh lHkh fpark,a nc xbZaA fo'o LokLFk laxBu us fglkc yxk;k gs fd gj lky 35 yk[k yksx rEckdw ds dkj.k iSnk gksus okjyh chekfj;ksa ls tku xaokrs gSaA Hkkjr esa gj lky gksus okyh 635000 ekSrsa rEckdw ls tqM+h gSaA lcls cM+h fpark bl ckr dh gS fd Hkkjr ds ukStokuksa esa rEckdw dk bLrseky c<+rk tk jgk gSA vkd"kZd foKkiuksa ls flxjsV ihus vkSj xqV[kk [kkus dks enkZuxh ls tksM+ fn;k x;k gS] tcfd vlfy;r ;g gS fd rEckdw enkZuxh de djrh gS] 'kqØk.kq dh la[;k ?kVkrh gS vkSj psgjs dks Hkh cn'kDy dj nsrh gSA Åij ls QsQM+s vkSj xys dk dSalj] g`n; jksx vkSj lkal ds reke fodkj lh/ks rEckdww ls tqM+s gSaA ,EQhlhek uked QsQM+ksa dh chekjh esa rks flxjsV ihus okyk bruk detksj gks tkrk gS fd Qwad ekj dj ekfpl dh tyrh rhyh Hkh ugha cq>k ldrkA oSKkfud vuqla/kkuksa ls irk pyk gs fd /kweziku ls ijgst j[kus okyksa dh rqyuk esa 35 ls 69 lky dh mez dh chp /kqeziku djus okyksa dh ekSr ds vklkj frxqus gSaA bu reke rF;ksa ls vka[ksa Qsjdj ljdkj fczVsu ds flxjsV&lezkV jksFkekUl dks Hkkjr esa 15 djksM+ Mkyj dh flxjsV cukus dh dEiuh [kksyus dh btktr nsus ij rqyh gqbZ gSaA ,f'k;k ds cM+s cktkj ij dsoy blh flxjsV dEiuh dh fuxkgsa ugha] cfYd nwljksa dh fuxkgsa Hkh vVdh gSaA vkxkeh o"kksZa esa yxHkx lHkh cM+h&cM+h flxjsV&daifu;ka vius dkj[kkus fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa mBk yk,axhaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd fo'o LokLF; laxBu us psrkouh nh gs fd lu~ 2020 rd rEckdw ls tqM+h 100 yk[k ekSrksa esa ls 70 yk[k fodkl'kkhy ns'kksa es agksaxhaA bu ns'kksa esa izfrO;fDr flxjsV dh [kir 1970 ds eqdkcys 1990 esa 64 izfr'kr c<+ pqdh Fkh vkSj vc 2002 esa rks ;g vkadM+k vkSj Hkh Åapk p<+ x;k gksxkA ;s cM+h&cM+h flxjsV daifu;ka vkf[kjdkj Hkkjr esa vius dkj[kkus D;ksa [kksyuk pkgrh gSa\ bldk lcls cM+k dkj.k gS ;gka ij rEckdw dh [ksrh] tks mUgas csgn lLrk dPpk eky ;kuh rEckdw miyC/k djkrh gSA Hkkjr nqfu;k esa rEckdw dk rhljk 48

lcls cM+k mRiknd gS vkSj og Hkh lcls lLrkA blfy, ;gkaa flxjsV cukuk lcls equkQs dk lkSnk gksxkA rEckdw dk 18 izfr’kr gh flxjsV cukus esa [kirk gSA ckdh esa ls 50 izfr’kr chM+h cukus esa vkSj ‘’ks"k [kkus vkSj pckus ds dke vkrk gSA ysfdu flxjsV fuekZrk tkurs gSa fd 'kkunkj foKkiuksa ls e/;oxZ ds /kuh&ekuh ifjokjksa esa vkSj nsgkrksa esa flxjsV dh fcØh c<k+bZ tk ldrh gSA blds fy, os yksdfiz; fQYeh flrkjksa dh enn ysrs gSa vkSj fQYeksa esa tkucw>dj ghjks dks vkSj vc rks ghjksbuksas dks Hkh flxjsV ihrs fn[kk;k tkrk gSA b/kj if’peh ns’kkas esa flxjsV ds f[kykQ turk mB[kM+h gqbZ gSA dSalj ls ejus okyksa ds ifjokjksa us flxjsV daifu;ksa ds fojks/k esa eqfge NsM+h gqbZ gSA flxjsV cukus vkSj cspus ij reke rjg ds VSDl yxkdj cgka dh ljdkjsa Hkh turk dk lkFk ns jgh gSaA v[kckjksa] flusek?kjksa vkSj Vsyhfotu tSls reke lapkj ek/;eksa esa flxjsV ds foKkiuksa ij jksd yxh gqbZ gSA clksa] Vªkeksa] jsyxkfM+;ksa vkSj lkoZtfud LFkkuksa esa /kweziku ij] fn[kkos dh ugha vlyh ikcanh gSA dkuwu rksM+us okyksa ij Hkkjh tqekZus fd, tkrs gSa vkSj ltk nh tkrh gSA bu fodflr ns’kksa esa /kweziku ls gksus okys uqDlkuksa dk Hkh izpkj fd;k tkrk gSA tc mUgkasus flxjsV ihus okyksa ds /kq,a ls vklikl ds yksxksa [kklrkSj ls cPpksa vkSj xHkZorh fL=;ksa ds LokLF; ij iM+us okys nq"kizHkkoksa dk tksjnkj izpkj fd;k rks mldk cM+k Hkkjh vlj iM+kA cPps gh vius eka&cki dks MkaVus yx x, fd vkidks gekjh tku dh ijokg ugh gSA flxjsV ihus okys ifr;ksa dks mudh ifRu;ka rykd nsus ds fy, Hkh rS;kj gks xbZaA vusd fodkl’khy ns’k Hkh flxjsV vkSj rEckdw ds gkfudkjd izHkkoksa ls vius ukxfjdksa dks cpkus ds fy, vko’;d dne mBk jgs gSAa gekjh ljdkj us Hkh lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij /kweziku ij ikcanh yxkbZ gSA flxjsV ds iSdsVksa ij oS/kkfud psrkouh Hkh Nkih tkrh gS fd flxjsV ihuk LokLF; ds fy, gkfudkjd gSA ysfdu bl rjg fd vki Bhd ls Ik<+ Hkh u ik,aA vc fØdsV tSls [ksyksa dk izk;kstu flxjsV daifu;ka ugha dj ldrhaA ysfdu ;s daifu;ka bruh pkykd gSa fd gj dkuwu esa lsa/k yxkus dh tqxr fudky gh ysrh gSaA dkuwu ykxw djus okyh e’khujh gh bruh Hkz"V gS fd ,sls dkuwu cl dkxt ij gh ykxw gksdj jg tkrs gSaA fiNys fnuksa Jh yadk us vius ns’k esa flxjsV ds foKkiu vkSj fcycksMZ ij ikcanh yxkbZ rks bruh dM+kbZ ls fd vc ogka dgha Hkh flxjsV ds foKkiu utj ugha vkrsA tcfd vius ns’k esa fnYyh ds fudV xkft;kckn esa cM+s&cM+s gksfMZax ,slk ekgkSy iSnk djrs gSa] ekuks flxjsV ds fcuk ftanxh csdkj gSA nwljs 'kgjksa vkSj dLcksa dk Hkh ;gh gky gSA nwljh vksj fodflr ns’kksa esa flxjsV fojks/kh vfHk;kuksa esa cM+h&cM+h ukeh&xjkeh gfLr;ka c<+p< dj Hkkx ys jgh gSaA buesa fQYeh flrkjs vkSj [ksy&txr ds yksdfiz; flrkjs 'kkfey gSaA tcfd blds myV vius ns’k esa rks pkgs fQYeh flrkjs gksa ;k ukeh f[kykM+h flxjsV] twrs vkSj ehBs is; lc cspus dks rS;kj gSaA gky esa cSMfe.Vu ds f[kykM+h xksihpUnz iqysyk dk ,dek= mnkgj.k gS] ftlus ,sls foKkiuksa es ’kkfey gksus ls badkj fd;kA tks flxjsV ds foKkiuksa dks c<+kok nsrs gSa vkSj muds

izpkjd curs gSa] os Hkh mlds dkj.k gksus okyh ekSrksa ds mrus gh ftEesnkj gSa ftrus fd flxjsV&fuekZrkA vejhdk esa rks ,d flxjsV&fuekZrk dEiuh dks dSalj&jksfx;ksa ds ifjokjkas }kjk Bksads x,s eqdnesa esa gkjus ds ckn vjcksa Mkyj gtkZus ds rkSj ij nsus iM+ x,A vius ns’k esa rks daifu;ka bruh pkykd vkSj ’kkfrj gSa fd fdlh dks Hkh [kjhn ldrh gSaA blds pyrs ^^ge lcds fy, LokLF;** dk liuk dHkh lkdkj ugha dj ik,axsA rEckdw dk /kweziku] xqV[kk vkSj vU; rjg ls mi;ksx tkjh jgk rks LokLF; vkSj Ik;kZoj.k ds lkFk gh jk"Vªh; vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj fodkl ij Hkh cqjk vlj iM+sxkA tc vFkZ'kkL=h rEckdw ls dekbZ ds vkadM+s fxukrs gSa rks mles rEckdw ls gksus okyh ekSrksa dk fglkc ugha yxkrsA

3 +dsoy xjhch gh fVdkÅ gS ujksfV;k nsoh Hkkjr ds djksM+ksa xjhcksa esa ls ,d xjhc efgyk gSA nwljksa dh rjg mlus Hkh gj gky esa thuk lh[k fy;k gSA fcgkj dh ,d vkfnoklh cLrh esa tc eSa mlls igyh ckj feyk] rks eSa ;g Lohdkj djrk gwa fd iykew ftys esa QSyh csgn xjhch ls eSa rfud Hkh fopfyr ugha gqvk FkkA 'kgjksa esa jgus okys rFkkdfFkr lEHkzkUrksa vkSj f’kf{krksa dh rjg xjhc vkSj nfyrksa dks lekt ds ,d vko’;d vax ds :Ik esa Hkh vaxhdkj dj pqdk FkkA vc xjhch ;k Hkq[kejh gekjs Hkhrj dksbZ d:.kk ugha mitkrsA ysfdu ml fnu eSa lpeqp nzfor gks mBk FkkA ujksfV;k nsoh rhu fnu ls Hkw[kh FkhaA muds isV esa vUu dk ,d Hkh nkuk ugha x;k FkkA dM+h /kwi esa [ksrksa esa dke djrs gq, Hkw[ks jguk! Ekxj mlus crk;k fd ml tSlh efgyk ds fy, gQ~rs esa dqN fnu Hkw[ks jguk vke ckr gSA Hkw[ks isV ;s vkSjrsa [ksrhckM+h dh dM+h e’kDdr dk dke dSls dj ysrh gSa\ tc eSaus ujksfV;k nsoh ls ;g loky fd;k rks og galus yxhA rc mlus eq>s ,d tM+h fn[kkbZ& xsaBhA nks&rhu fnu rd ujksfV;k blh dk lsou djrh gSA ysfdu mlus eq>s tks ugha crk;k ;k 'kk;n og tkurh ugha] og Fkh ;g ckr fd xsaBh ,slh tM+h gS] tks Hkw[k ekj nsrh gSA xsaBh [kkus ds ckn mls Hkw[k yxrh gh ughaA ;gka ls nwj if’pe mM+hlk ds dkykgkaMh ftys esa] eSa ,sls vusd yksxksa ls feyk tks de ls de fiNyh nks ihf<+;ksa ls ca/kqvk etnwj gSaA eSaus muls cgqr dgk fd os ca/kqvk etnwjh NksM+ D;ksa ugha nsrsA rks mUgksaus esjh ckr galh esa mM+k nhA vkf[kj D;ksa \ D;ksa ugha pkgrs ;s xjhc yksx vkt+kn gksuk\ D;k mUgsa ;g vglkl ughas gS fd os xqykeh dh ftanxh th jgs gSaA iwjh ftanxh gh lkgwdkj ds gkFkksa fxjoh j[k nh gS bu yksxksa usA mUgksaus dgk fd mUgsa ;s yacs&yacs Hkk"k.k ilan ugha gSa( ^^gesa rks isV Hkjuk gS] gesa rks thuk gS & gj jkstA ca/kqvk&etnwjh gekjk thou&chek gSA ;g gesa thfodk&lqj{kk nsrh gS vkSj [kk| lqj{kkA** vc crkb,] gekjs ikl D;k tokc gS] bu xjhcksa dh bl nyhy dkA igys Hkq[kejh ds fy, fcgkj dk iykew vkSj mM+hlk dk dkykgkasMh gh e’kgwj FksA tSlk fd eSaus igys dgk] vc buesa mÙkj izns’k dk cqansy[k.M & {ks= Hkh ’kkfey gks 51

x;k gSA /khjs&/khjs Hkw[k vkSj Hkq[kejh gj txg vius ikao ilkj jgh gSA ftl ns’k dk tura= esa n`<+ fo’okl vkSj vkLFkk jgh gks] ml ns’k esa bl rjg dh cspSu dj nsus okyh gkyr iSnk gks tk,] ;g ml jktuhfrd iz.kkyh ij gh iz’u fpUg yxk nsrh gS] ftlds pyrs xjhch ?kVus dh ctk; vlfy;r esa c<+ jgh gSA gkykr bl dM+qbZ lPpkbZ dks Hkh mtkxj dj nsrs gSa fd bl ns’k ds cqf)thoh] f’kf{kr vkSj fo’kky e/;oxZ dk xjhch ds ckjs esa fdruk mFkyk lksp gSA vPNs Ik<+s&fy[ks yksx Hkh xjhcksa dh nqnZ’kk dks muds iwoZtUe ds ikiksa dk Qy crkdj mudh f[kYyh mM+krs gSaA jktuhfrd n`f"V ls rks pkgs og Lo- Jherh bafnjk xka/kh dk chl lw=h dk;ZØe jgk gks] ;k la;qDr ekspsZ dk lkekU; U;wure dk;ZØe ;k ch-ts-ih ds xBca/ku dk jk"Vªh; ,tsaMk] lHkh esa xjhch gVkus ds ok;ns fd, x, gSaA gj ljdkj ckjh&ckjh ls ;g ok;nk nqgjkrh jgh vkSj vkrh&tkrh jgh] tcfd xjhch ogha teh jgh] gVh ughaA Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ Hkh bldk viokn ugha gSA Jherh bafnjk xka/kh dk ^xjhch gVkvks* dk ukjk] Jh jktho xka/kh dk ns’k dks 21 oha lnh esa ys tkus dk nq[kn iz;kl] Jh ujflag jko dh ^uhps rd fodkl Vidkus* dh F;ksjh] vkSj Jh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h dk ^vxys nl lky esa xjhch feVkus dk ladYi*] lcus xjhch ds mUewyu dk liuk fn[kk;kA fQj Hkh fo’o ds lcls cM+s x.kra= ds ekFks ij nqfu;k esa lcls T;knk xjhch dk dyad yxk gqvk gS] tgka xjhcksa dh la[;k 32 djksM+ dwrh xbZ gSA gkykafd rktk vkadM+ksa esa xjhcksa dh la[;k ?kVkdj 26 djksM+ dj nh xbZ gS] ysfdu bu vkadM+ksa dh lpkbZ vHkh tkapuh iM+sxhA xzkeh.k {ks= vkSj ’kgjh >kasiM+ifê;ksa ds izfr bruh ykijokgh gS fd Hkw[k vkSj dqiks"k.k ls tqM+h chekfj;kssa ls gj jkst vkSlru 5000 cPpksa dh ekSr gks tkrh gSA ftl ns’k esa vk/kh ls T;knk vkcknh dh vkenuh fnu Hkj esa ,d Mkyj ¼yxHkx 45 :Ik;s½ ls Hkh de gksA tgka vHkkxh vkSjrksa vkSj cPpksa dks fnu esa 15&15 ?kaVksa rd [kVuk iMs+ vkSj ’kkjhfjd rFkk ;kSu&izrkM+uk Hkh >syuh iM+s] ogka ds xjhcksa dh gkyr lkspdj gh eu dkai mBrk gSA ca/kqvk etnwjkssa dh gkyr rks tkuojksa ls Hkh cnrj gSA Hkkjr gh ugha] dekscs'k ;gh gkyr nf{k.k ,f’k;k ds lHkh ns’kksa dh gSA lu~ 1997 dh nf{k.k ,f’k;k dh ekuo&fodkl fjiksVZ esa ;g urhtk fudkyk x;k gS fd bu ns’kksa esa yxHkx lk<+s rsjg djksM+ yksxkssa ds ikl cqfu;knh LokLF; lqfo/kk,a ugha gSaA lk<+s ckbZl djksM+ ds djhc ,sls yksx gSa] tks ’kq) is; ty ls oafpr gSaA Hkkjr dh vkcknh esa vk/ks o;Ld ,sls gSa] tks Ik<+uk&fy[kuk ugha tkurs vkSj djhc 70 Qhlnh yksx ,sls gSa ftuds ikl ‘’kkSpky; oxSjg ugha gSaA Åij ls ck<+&lw[kk&rwQku&HkwdEi vkfn izkÑfrd vkink,a gj lky budh eqlhcrsa c<+krh jgrh gSaA mÙkj&iwoZ Hkkjr esa ,d ckj Hk;adj ck<+ vkbZ rks dksbZ 2000 yksx cg x, vkSj nks djksM+ ds djhc cs?kj vkSj cslgkjk gks x,A vFkZ’kkfL=;ksa dh ubZ ikS/k dks buds nq[knnZ dk vanktk ugha gks ldrk fd fodkl ds uke ij viuh tM+ksa ls m[kM+s vkSj VwVs yksx fdl rjg ikuh ls ckgj NksM+h xbZ eNfy;ksa dh rjg rM+irs jgrs gSaA 52

UkkSaoh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk [kRe gksus dks gS] ysfdu Ñf"k esa o`f)&nj c<+us ds ctk; ?kVh gS vkSj xjhch c<+h gSA csjkstxkjh vkSj vk/ks&v/kwjs jkstxkj us ukStokuksa dks u’ks vkSj vijk/k ds xÔs esa /kdsy fn;k gSA csgn xjhc vkSj Hkw[kksa dh fxurh yxkrkj c<+rh tk jgh gSA vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa us vkSj dksbZ fodkl fd;k Hkh gks] exj jkstxkj ds ekSds drbZ ugha c<+k,A gka] ?kVk, t:j gSaA ns’k dh uhfr;ksa vkSj fu;kstu esa dgha u dgha dksbZ Hkkjh xyrh jg xbZ gSA ,d vksj lq/kkjksa ds fgek;rh ncko Mky jgs gSa rFkk nwljh vksj ?kksj lektoknh vkSj ljdkjh {ks= ds fo’oklik=A nksuksa ikVu ds chp esa fil jgh gS xjhc turk vkSj vkfFkZd fodkl ds reke uqL[ks ,d ds ckn ,d csvlj lkfcr gks jgs gSaA

vlQyrk dh f[kpM+h fiNyh Hkwyksa ls lcd ysus ds fy, vkb, ns[ksa fd tc g"kZn esgrk ¼vc LoxhZ;½ ds ?kiys us ¼u fd eueksgu flag ds vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa us½ ’ks;jksa ds Hkko vkleku ij p<+k fn, Fks] rks rRdkyhu iz/kkuea=h Jh ujflag jko xjhch D;ksa ugha gVk ik,A ml le; iz.ko eqdTkhZ ;kstuk vk;ksx ds mik/;{k gqvk djrs FksA mUgksaus u tkus dgka&dgka ds dqykcs fHkM+kdj ;g urhtk fudky Qsadk fd ns’k esa 20 izfr’kr xjhch ?kV xbZ gSA vxj dgha Jh eqdthZ ikap lky vkSj ;kstuk vk;ksx ds v/;{k jg tkrs rks ’kk;n Hkkjr ls xjhch xk;c gh gks tkrhA Jh nsoxkSM+k iz/kkuea=h cus rks mUgksaus rks cl ;gh fd;k fd dqN /kuh&ekuh fdlkuksa ds fgrksa dh j{kk dh] tks O;kikfjd Ñf"k esa eXu FksA muds dk;Zdky esa cl bUgha dh ijokg dh xbZ vkSj mu 50 djksM+ ds djhc fdlkuksa dks Hkqyk fn;k x;k tks gj rjg dh eqlhcrksa vkSj tksf[keksa dk lkeuk djrs gq, viuh dM+h esgur vkSj iDds bjkns ds cwwrs tSls&rSls xqtkjk dj jgs gSaA muds izpkj&fiz; foÙkea=h Jh ihfpnEcje~ vius liuhys ctV dks cM+s xkts&ckts ds lkFk is’k djrs le; ;g Hkqyk cSBs fd fodkl dk vFkZ gS iwjs lekt dk fodkl u fd dsoy vFkZO;oLFkk lq/kkjuk vkSj mlds dsUnz esa gksrh gS turkA ;s nksuksa gh xjhcksa dks nfjnzrk vkSj oapuk ds Hkaoj ls ckgj ugha fudky ik,A vxj vkt nksuksa ns’k ds jktuhfrd ekufp= esa vizklafxd gks pqds gSa] rks bl ij de ls de xjhcksa dks rks vkalw cgkus dh dksbZ t:jr ugha gSA ,sls le; esa tc ’kCntky vkSj lkaf[;dh us ekuoh; d:.kk dks lq[kk Mkyk gks vkSj xjhc vkSj Hkw[ks yksxksa dh drkjsa lpeqp c<+rh gh tk jgh gksa] rks de ls de bruk rks lkQ gks gh tkrk gS fd dgha u dgha Hkkjh xyrh gqbZ gS vkSj gks jgh gSA ;g rks Li"V gh gS fd xjhcksa dks foÙkh; o`f) ds vkadM+ksa ls dksbZ eryc ugha gSA mUgsa rks flj ij Nr vkSj isV esa nky&Hkkr pkfg,] cl! Iawkth&[kkrs dh ifjorZuh;rk ls mudk dksbZ ljksdkj ugha gSA mUgsa rks ’kq) is; ty dh njdkj gSA vki mius ØsfMV dkMZ vius ikl jf[k,] xjhcksa dks rks cl ekbdzks dzsfMV fnyk nhft,& pan 53

gtkj :Ik,] rkfd og viuk dke&/ka/kk Bhd ls pyk ldasA bldh ctk; gks ;g jgk gS fd xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ls iwath ’kgjksa dh vksj f[kaph vk jgh gSA igys ls detksj Ñf"k <kaps dks] jgh&lgh iwath [khapdj vkSj Hkh detksj cuk;k tk jgk gS] rkfd igys ls etcwr 'kgjh <kapk vkSj Hkh etcwr gks tk,A xjhcksa dks rks jkeHkjksls NksM+ fn;k x;k gS] bl dk Hkjkslk nsdj fd ,d fnu os Hkh vehjksa tSlh ped&ned ugha] rks mldh ijNkabZ rks ik gh ldsaxsA yxrk gS vc rd ge ftl vkfFkZd fu;kstu ls xjhch gVkus ds lius fn[kk jgs Fks] mlesa eq[; :Ik ls vkfFkZd o`f) ds y{; fu/kkZfjr djrs jgs vkSj xjhch vkSj xjhc mlds dsUnz ls ckgj fudy x,A ge fdrus gh tksj ’kksj ls lalk/kuksa ds caVokjs esa yxs jgsa] ;k fQj mu rduhdh peRdkjksa dh rqyuk djrs jgsa tks tknqbZ MaMk ?kqekdj vkfFkZd fodkl QSyk nsaxs bu Vksus&VksVdksa ls ns’k dh xjhch ugha mM+sxhA mu reke vFkZ’kkfL=;ksa ds gkFk tksM+rs gq, ge ;g fuosnu djuk pkgrs gS fd Hkys gh mUgksaus xjhch dh js[kk r; djus esa fdruk gh ilhuk cgk;k gks] xjhch ds chtxf.kr dk lehdj.k vc Hkh fu’kkus ls cM+h nwj gSA buds fglkc ls ns’k dh tula[;k dk 36 izfr’kr 264 :Ik, eghus ls de vkenuh ysdj xjhch dh js[kk ds uhps th jgk gSA ysfdu tks 300 #i, ls 1000 #i, eghus dek ikrs gSa] D;k os xjhch dh js[kk ds uhps ugha th jgs\ D;k mUgsa xjhch ds nq’pØ ls Åij mBkus dh t:jr ugha gS! ;k fQj gekjs uhfr&fu;ked ;g Lohdkj djus esa ’kjekrs gSa fd xjhch dh okLrfod js[kk dkQh Åaph gS vkSj mlds dkj.k mUgsa viuh >sai feVkuh eqf’dy gks tk,xhA

vkfFkZd o`f) dh dher tc pqukoh ok;nksa dks fuHkkus dk ekSdk vkrk gS vkSj mlesa lcls cM+k ok;nk gksrk gS xjhch gVkus dk] ysfdu dqlhZ feyrs gh gekjs jktusrk xjhcksa dks Hkwy tkrs gSaA Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dks Hkwe.Myh; cktkjksa ls tksM+us ds dqykcs fHkM+krs le; bu usrkvksa dh flêh&fiêh xqe gks tkrh gSA cspkjs vlgk; eglwl djrs gSaA ml le; muds ikl ,d gh nyhy gksrh gS fd xjhcksa dks cktkj ds Hkjksls NksM+ nsus ls vxj FkksM+h&cgqr xjhch c<+ Hkh tk,] rks D;k gqvk] nh?kZdkyhu LFkkf;Ro vkSj vkfFkZd o`f) dh bruh dher rks pqdkuh gh iM+sxhA tSlk fd if’pe vFkZ&xq: ukse pksELdh us dgk gS ^^tks ns’k vkfFkZd fodkl djuk pkgrk gS mls vkfFkZd foosd dh vfXuifj{kk ls rks xqtjuk gh iM+sxk**A bldk os ^VQ yo* ;kuh ^^dfBu I;kj** dgrs gSa] ftlesa ryokj dh /kkj ij pyuk iM+s rks dksbZ cqjh ckr ugha gSA vly esa bldk eryc gS vehjksa vkSj lk/ku&lEiUuksa ls I;kj vkSj ckdh lc dks QVdkj! ge cM+s dM+s oDr ls xqTk+j jgs gSa vkSj vFkZxq: ea= nsrs gSa fd ,sls dfBu le; esa lc dks viuh&viuh isVh dlus dh t:jr gSA lpkbZ ;g gS fd ns’k esa iwath dh dksbZ deh ugha gSA vehjksa ds equkQs c<+rs gh tk jgs gSa vkSj m|ksx&txr dh frtkSfj;ka Hkjh iM+h gSaA turk dk /ku cVksj dj bUgha vehjksa ds Ñf"k&O;kikj dks 54

c<k+us esa xaok;k tk jgk gSA os dg jgs gSa fd dqÙkksa ds Hkkstu dh QSDVjh yxkvks! Qwyksa dk O;kikfjd mRiknu djks! Xskgwa dh txg xqykc mxkvks! LkÙkw dh txg dqÙkksa ds fcLdqV iSnk djks! Okkg jh gekjh izkFkfedrk,a! dVs Qwy cspus ij 130 vejhdh Mkyj izfr gSDVj [kpZ djds dsoy 34 Mkyj izfr gSDVj dekus esa gekjs vkfFkZd y{; vkM+s] ugha vkrs! gesa bldk Hkh dksbZ [ksn ugha gS fd ge viuk lcls vPNh fdLe dk [kk|kUu rks ckgj fu;kZr dj nsa vkSj ckgj ls reke daifu;ksa dks ogka Qsadh tkus okyh eqxsZ dh Vkaxsa ykus ns vkSj ^jÌh Hkkstu* ds jsL=kavksa dh J`a[kyk [kksyus nsa tks isV Hkh [kjkc djsa vkSj tsc Hkh dkVsa! Yskfdu tc Hkw[kksa rd Hkkstu igaqpkus dk loky mBk;k tkrk gS rks reke foÙkh; ck/kk,a [kM+h gks tkrh gSaA tgka rd ns’k dh forh; O;oLFkk vkSj fLFkfr dk iz’u gS] gekjs v[kckjksa dh lqf[kZ;ksa esa tks dqN utj vkrk gS] og fdlh Hkh foosd’khy] Lora= vkSj turkaf=d lekt dks fgyk nsus ds fy, dkQh gSA tc lu~ 1991 esa mnkjhdj.k dh xkt bl ns’k ij fxjh] rHkh ls gj lky ds okf"kZd ctVksa ls tks vFkZO;oLFkk Vidh gS mlds utkjs gh utj dks pkSaf/k;k nsrs gSaA tks forh; uhfr;ka viukbZ xbaZ muesa djksa ds cks> dks ysdj lq/kkjewyd izfrxkeh ;kuh ihNs ykSVkus okys dne mBkuk ’kkfey gSA ftldk eryc ;g gqvk fd vehjksa ij rks djksa dk cks> ?kVs vkSj xjhcksa dks T;knk VSDl nsuk iM+sA dkexkjksa vkSj ukSdjhis’kk yksxksa dks ?kj ls dkj[kkus ;k n¶rj rd igaqpus dk [kpkZ mBkuk iM+rk gS] tks cjkcj c<+ jgk gSA Qy&lCth vkSj [kkus&ihus dh nwljh phtsa Hkh miHkksDrkvksa dks yxkrkj eagxs nkeksa ij fey jgh gSaA Ldwyksa esa cPpksa dh Qhl yxkrkj c<+kbZ tk jgh gSA fctyh vkSj ikuh ds fcy cjkcj c<+rs tk jgs gSaA turk dh t:jrsa iwjh djus okys dkeksa ds fy, ctV esa cjkcj dVkSrh dh tk jgh gSA ;gka rd fd viuk isV dkV dj xjhc yksx tks cpr djrs Fks vkSj cpr&;kstukvksa esa iSlk yxkrs Fks] ml ij ljdkj C;kt dh jkf’k cjkcj ?kVkrh tk jgh gSA tkfgj gS fd bl rjg dh foÙkh; uhfr;ksa dh ekj lcls T;knk lekt ds xjhc rcds dks gh >syuh iM+sxhA vxj vki vkt ds uoks<+k vFkZ’kkfL=;ksa ls iwNas rks os dgsaxs fd ;g lc rks xjhcksa ds Hkys ds fy, fd;k tk jgk gSA vkf[kj xjhc yksx tk,a Hkh rks dgka\ bu vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa dk Qk;nk mBkdj ekSt&eLrh dj jgs vehjksa ds ’kgjh dkj[kkuksa esa filuk gh xjhcksa dh fdLer esa vktknh ls igys Hkh fy[kk Fkk vkSj ogh mUgssa vktknh ds ckn Hkh djuk iM+ jgk gSA yEch&pkSM+h lM+dksa vkSj lts&/kts iqyksa ij nkSM+rh ,d ls ,d vkyh’kku dkjksa ds dkfQys gekjh vka[ksa pkSaf/k;k nsrs gSaA ysfdu bUgha lM+dksa ds fdukjs iVfj;kssa ij ftanxh xqtk+jrs xjhcksa dh nqnZ’kk ij vc gekjh vka[ksa xhyh Hkh ughsa gksrhaA ;gh rks gS nfjnzrk dh =klnhA ge fo’o cSad vkSj fo’o O;kikj laxBu ¼MCY;w-Vh-vks½ ds dgs ij blh rjg pys rks xjhch iwjh rjg fVdkÅ lkfcr gksxhA

pqukSrh gS xjhch la;qDr jk"Vª fodkl dk;ZØe ¼;w-,u-Mh-ih½ dh vksj ls gj lky fo’o ds fodkl ij ,d fjiksVZ Nkih tkrh gSA ikfdLrku ds HkwriwoZ foÙkea=h egcwc&my&gd ckn esa ;w-,u-Mh-ih ds cSadkd fLFkr nf{k.k ,f’k;kbZ dk;kZy; esa lgk;d egkfuns’kd FksA vc os bl lalkj esa ugha gSaA ysfdu ,d vPNk dke dj x, fd mUgksua s fodkl ukius ds iSekus cnysA gd lkgc ds tekus esa Nih ;w-,u-Mh-ih dh fjiksVZ esa fy[kk x;k Fkk fd ^^gesa ;g lh[k nh xbZ fd lHkh ns’k cl vius thMh-ih ;kuh xzkSl MksesfLVd izksMDV vFkkZr ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dh fpark dj fy;k djsa rks xjhch dh fpark vius vki nwj gks tk,xhA ysfdu vc gesa ;g lh[k Hkwy dj bls myVuk gksxkA gesa xjhch dh fpark djuh gS] vkSj mlls th-Mh-ih vius&vki lq/kj tk,xkA** fo’o cSad dh fjiksVZ Hkh dHkh&dHkh lpkbZ Nqik ugha ikrhA mlesa Hkkjr ds ckjs esa dgk x;k fd ^^Hkkjr ds lcls cM+s vkSj lcls xjhc jkT;ksa esa ekuo fodkl ds lwpdksa dh izxfr Hkh csgn fiNM+h jgh gSA [kklrkSj ls Ñf"k ds {ks= esa de fodkl gqvk gSA ;fn ;gh gky cuk jgk rks bu jkT;ksa esa vkxs tks Hkh fodkl gksxk] mlesa xjhcksa dh Hkkxhnkjh ugha gks ldsxhA** egcwc&my&gd Hkh tc ikfdLrku esa foÙkea=h Fks] rks mudk lksp nwljk FkkA ml le; os ;g lksprs Fks fd vlyh fodkl dk eryc gS fd cpr c<+s vkSj fons’kh iwath dk fuos'k c<+sA tc lu~ lkBkfnd esa os lÙkk esa Fks rks mUgksaus ikfdLrku dk th-Mh-ih lkr izfr’kr rd c<+k fn;k Fkka ^^ysfdu fQj Hkh yksxksa us gesa oksV ugha fn,**] ckn esa mUgksaus eq> ls f’kdk;r djrs gq, dgk Fkk ^^ysfdu rc rd eq>s le> vk xbZ Fkh fd gels xyrh gqbZ FkhA vly esa vkfFkZd fodkl t:jh ugha fd ekuo&fodkl dk lwpd gksA cfYd gS gh ughaA** Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa dk <ksy ihVus okys pkgs Mk- eueksgu flag gksa ;k Jh ih-fpnEcjeA nksuksa us vius foÙk&ea=h&dky esa viuh vkfFkZd&uhfr;ksa ls dsoy vkfFkZd fo"kerk c<+kbZA vc rks fo’o cSad Hkh ekurk gS fd mnkjhdj.k ds ckn Hkkjr vkSj ml tSls vU; fodkl’khy ns’kksa esa xjhch c<+h gSA blfy, gesa vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa vkSj mnkjhdj.k dh Hkzked uhfr;ksa dks NksM+uk gksxkA vxj dqN nwljs ns’kksas esa th-Mh-ih c<+kus ds eksg dk vlj ij[ksa rks gekjh vka[ksa [kqy tk,axhaA ;ksa rks dbZ n’kd igys ^n U;w fjifCyd* esa fy[krs gq, ^lkbeu dtusV* us vYi&fodflr vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa th-Mh-ih c<k+us dks fodkl dk iSekuk ekuus dh O;FkZrk trkbZ FkhA bu vYifodflr ns’kksa esa dqVhj&m|ksx ?kjsyw Lrj ij tks iSnkokj djrs gSa] og dHkh th-Mh-ih esa 'kkfey gh ugha gksrhA fQj Hkh eq[;/kkjk okys vFkZ’kkL=h bl rF; dks udkjrs jgs fd th-Mh-ih dsoy ;g crkrk gS fd fdruk iSlk ,d gkFk ls nwljs gkFk esa x;kA og fodkl dk iSekuk ugha gSA gh Hkkjr viuh izkÑfrd lEink ftruh ?kVkrk gS] mruk gh mldk th-Mh-ih c<+rk gSA vxj vkS|ksfxd iznw"k.k c<+k;k tk, rks th-Mh-ih nqxuk c<+ tkrk gSA igyh ckj rks rc tc jklk;fud dkj[kkus ckbZ&izksMDV ¼miksRikn½ iSnk djrh gSaA tSls fd tgjhyk NhtuA nwljh ckj th-Mh-ih rc c<+rk gS] tc ml tgjhys Nhtu dh lQkbZ ds fy, ljdkjsa vjcksa :Ik, [kpZ djrh gSaA Ik;kZoj.k [kjkc gksus ls lsgr [kjkc gksrh gS vkSj lsgr Bhd djus ij gksus okyk [kpkZ Hkh th-Mh-ih dh o`f) esa ’kqekj fd;k tkrk gSA D;k ;g lgh le; ugha gS] tc jktusrkvksa dks vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa ds chrs n'kd ls lcd ysuk pkfg,A gesa ,d ubZ 'kq:vkr djuh gksxhA ;g 'kq:vkr ftruh tYnh dh tk,] mruk gh vPNk

dM+oh lpkb;ka jkse esa tc 1996 esa igyk oYMZ QwM lfeV ;kuh fo'o [kk| f'k[kj lEesyu lEiUu gqvk rks ml le; Hkkjr ds rRdkyhu iz/kkuea=h us ?kks"k.kk dh Fkh fd ^^eSa ;g lqfuf'pr d:axk fd izR;sd Hkkjrh; ukxfjd lu~ 2000 rd mfpr ek=k esa [kk|kUu izkIr dj ldsA** ml le; dukZVd ds ^fouez fdlku* Jh ,p-Mh- nsoxkSM+k Hkkjr ds iz/kkuea=h FksA muds foÙk ea=h Jh ih- fpnEcje~ us Hkh ,d liuk ns[kkA ysfdu mudk ^LofIuy ctV* Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dks ,saM+ u yxk ik;kA blds ckn mUgkasus Ñf"k ds iqu#)kj dk liuk latks;kA vius vkykspdksa dh 'kadkvksa ds tokc esa mUgkasus dgk Fkk fd ^^Hkkjr ds ckjs esa esjk pgsrk liuk ;g gS fd lu~ 2020 rd tc ckdh nqfu;k Ñf"k&{ks= ls ckgj tk pqdsxh] Hkkjr vk/kh nqfu;k dk vUunkrk cu tk,A** ysfdu muds ;s lius fnokLoIu gh fl) gq,A fouez fdlku Jh ,p-Mh- nsoxkSM+k dh fdlkuksa ds izfr fpark dsoy eapksa rd lhfer jghA mUgkasus NksVs vkSj cgqr NksVs fdlkuksa ds ckjs esa cM+s nq[kh gksdj dgk Fkk fd cspkjksa esa bruh {kerk ughas gS fd os vius mRiknksa dks ewY;&vfHko/kZu djds vkf/kd equkQk nsus okyh phtsa [kqn cuk ik,aA bl cgkus ls mUgksaus Ñf"k&O;kikj ds fy, Hkwfe&lhek ij <hy ns nhA gkykafd os ;g cksyrs v?kkrs ugha Fks fd O;kikfjd Ñf"k NksVs fdlkuksa dks vkSj Hkh gkf'k, ij iVd nsxh] ysfdu [kk|&'kks/ku m|ksx dks djksa esa fj;k;r vkSj jsofM+;ka ckaVus ls ckt ugha vk,A fdlkuksa dks psrkouh nsrs jgs fd os xUus dh [ksrh dk {ks= c<+k,a ugha vkSj b/kj 180 ubZ phuh feyksa dks LohÑfr iznku dj nhA Jh nsoxkSM+k us fu'p; gh vius lkFkh fdlkuksa ds izfr /kks[kk/kM+h dhA ysfdu os gh D;ksa vU; usrkx.k Hkh fdlkuksa dks lCtckx gh fn[kkrs jgs gSaA Jherh bafnjk xka/kh ds ckn gj iz/kkuea=h ;gh djrk jgk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd lu~ 90 ds ckn ds n'kd esa Ñf"k dh mRikndrk ?kVhA blh n'kd esa [kk|kUu dh o`f)&nj tula[;k dh o`f) nj ls fiNM+ xbZA ;gh dkj.k Fkk fd nsgkrh bykdksa esa fujk'kk dk ekgkSy cuus yxk vkSj yxkrkj NksVh iM+rh tksrksa vkSj ?kVrh vkenuh ls rax vkdj gj lky djhc 20 yk[k NksVs vkSj cgqr NksVs fdlku viuh tehuksa dks Ñf"k&O;kikfj;ksa dks csp&cspdj [kqn Hkwfeghu etnwjksa dh c<+rh tk jgh drkj esa 'kkfey gks x,A orZeku ¼2002½ iz/kkuea=h Jh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h us lalnh; Ñf"k lykgdkj lfefr ds lkeus fn, x, O;k[;ku esa fdlkuksa ds fy, cM+h ehBh&ehBh ckrsa dhaA ysfdu os Hkh varr% dFkuh gh lkfcr gqb±] djuh esa ugha cny ikb±A vxj ,slk ugha gS rks tks iz/kkuea=h th vehj m|ksxifr;ksa dh enn ds fy, Ng&Ng lfefr;ka cuk ldrk gS] mls fdlkuksa ds fy, Hkh ,slh gh lfefr;ka xfBr djus ls fdlus jksdk gS\

;fn iz/kkuea=h oktis;h th us O;kikj&txr ds fy, fn[kkbZ xbZ gennhZ vkSj fpark] fdlkuksa ij Hkh fn[kkbZ gksrh rks 500 ls vf/kd vkRegR;kvksa dks vklkuh ls jksdk tk ldrk FkkA yk[kksa L=h&iq:"k vkSj cPps tc dqiks"k.k ds f'kdkj gks jgs gSa vkSj dksbZ 20 djksM+ O;fDr gj jkr Hkw[ks isV lks tkrs gksa] rks Hkh Jh oktis;h dks budh fpark NksM+dj m|ksxifr;ksa ij Ñik dh o"kkZ djus dk le; dgka ls fey tkrk gS\ Jh oktis;h gh D;ksa] muds iwoZ iz/kkueaf=;ksa us Hkh xjhc vkSj innfyr yksxksa ij cl ehBs opu gh cjlk,A Jh nsoxkSM+k th vius gj Hkk"k.k essa Ñf"k&{ks= ds fy, vkalw Vidkrs jgrs FksA vly esa rks tc geus iM+rky dh rks ik;k fd iwoZ iz/kkuea=h egksn; us ^bafM;k vkSj Hkkjr* ds chp dh [kkbZ dks vkSj Hkh pkSM+k fd;kA ,d ckj ,d jkf=Hkkst esa Jh nsoxkSM+k us ys[kd ls NksVs vkSj cgqr NksVs fdlkuksa ds ckjs esa cM+k nq[k O;Dr fd;k Fkk fd os brus lk/kughu gSa fd viuh Qly ls ewY;of/kZr oLrq,a ughas cuk ikrsA ml le; mUgksaus ;g Hkh dgk Fkk fd O;kikfjd Ñf"k fdlkuksa dks ;ksa Hkh gkf'k, ij iVd nsxhA ysfdu bl dFkuh ds foijhr djuh mudh Hkh ;gh jgh fd [kk|&'kks/ku m|ksx dks djksa esa vkSj Hkwfe&lhek ij NwV lfgr reke rjg dh fj;k;rsa yqVkbZ xb±A mUgksaus eq>s ls ;g Hkh dgk fd eSa ;g fy[kwa fd fdlku xUus dh [ksrh dk jdck de djsaA mUgksaus Hkkjr ds vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa ds bl joS, dh Hkh rh[kh vkykspuk dh fd mUgksaus MCY;w-Vh-vks ds }kjk ykxw dh tk jgh ubZ fo'o&vFkZO;oLFkk dks vka[ksa ehapdj Lohdkj dj fy;k gSA ysfdu os [kqn ckgj ls [kk|kUu eaxkus ij yxh ikcafn;ksa dks gVkus ds fy, cspSu FksA muls igys ds nks iz/kkueaf=;ksa Jh jktho xka/kh vkSj Jh pj.kflag ls Hkh bl ys[kd dh Hkkjrh; Ñf"k dh leL;kvksa ij yEch ppkZ gqbZ FkhA os Hkh ckrphr esa rks Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vkSj Ñ"kd ds mRFkku ds fy, cM+s mRlkfgr Fks( ysfdu os Hkh xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk dh tM+sa etcwr djus ds fy, dksbZ Bksl dne ugha mBk ik,A Jh pj.k flag [kqn dks Hkkjr dk igyk fdlku iz/kkuea=h izpkfjr djrs Fks vkSj mUgha ds dk;Zdky esa fdlkuksa dks [ksrksa esa [kM+h xUus dh Qly tykuh iM+h FkhA egkRek xka/kh ds ^xzke&Lojkt* dks ykus dk bu nksuksa iz/kkuea=h dk liuk pquko ls igys dh Hkk"k.kckth ls vkxs ugha c<+ ik;kA

dsoy pqukoh eqÌk eq>s yxrk gS fd iz/kkuea=h dk;kZy; dh 'kksHkk c<k+us okys loZ'kfDrekuksa dks bl dke esa cM+h egkjr gkfly gS fd os iz/kkuea=h }kjk O;Dr dh xbZ ns'k dks okLrfod :i ls vkxs c<+kus dh bPNkvksa dks vius ikao rys ds xyhps ds uhps ljdk nsaA cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds lwV&cwV /kkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa dh rjg ;s ukSdj'kkg Hkh yxrk gS & Hkkjrh; xkao ds ckjs esa dqN fQYeh utfj;k j[krs gSa vkSj mUgksaus vlyh xkao dHkh ugha ns[ksA ;s vyx ckr gS fd os yUnu vkSj U;w;kWdZ dh xfy;ksa ds ckjs esa T;knk tkurs gSaA ,d ds ckn nwljs gj iz/kkuea=h us Hkh Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vkSj i'kq ikyu 58

O;oLFkk esa Ñ"kdkssa dks lk/kuoku cukus ds fy, dqN [kkl ughsa fd;kA gka] mudh lk/kughurk dk jksuk lcus jks;kA mnkgj.k ds fy, Jh vkbZ-ds- xqtjky us xzkeh.k Hkkjr dh ctk; fons'k&;k=kvksa esa vf/kd le; fcrk;kA tSlh fd mEehn Fkh os vius iz/kkueaf=Ro dky esa vius lkFk ,d fons'k&uhfr fo'ks"kK dks rks iz/kkuea=h dk;kZy; esa fo'ks"k vf/kdkjh cukdj ys vk,] ysfdu Ñf"k&{ks= ds fy, lgh lykg nsus okyk fo'ks"k vf/kdkjh Hkh pkfg,] bldh t:jr drbZ eglwl ugha gqbZA vius iwoZorhZ iz/kkueaf=;ksa dh rjg Jh xqtjky dks Hkh ;gh yxk fd [ksrhckM+h rks cl pqukoh eqÌk gSA bl rjg dh fo"kerk esa iz/kkuea=h dk;kZy; dk Hkh bruk dlwj ugha gSA fdlku vkSj fdlubZ dks ysdj vfHktkr oxZ esa ,d [kkl rjg dh [kke[;kyh py jgh gS & 'kq: ls gh fdlku dgrs gh muds eu esa ,d vui<+ xaokj vkSj mtÏ vkneh dh rLohj mHkjrh gS] tks viuh eVeSyh /kksrh vkSj dqrkZ ij lkQk cka/ks cSyxkM+h gkadrk pyk vk jgk gSA vxj og nqifg, ij ;k eksVj lkbfdy ij lokj fn[kkbZ fn;k rks os pkSad tkrs gSa fd bls rks cSyxkM+h gh pykuh pkfg,A gekjh fu;kstu&izfd;k us mls T;knk ugha Nqvk vkSj jkt usrkvksa us mldh ges'kk gh mis{kk dh gSA mls ekSle dh nxkckth vkSj lkgwdkjksa ds Hkjksls NksM+ fn;k x;kA mldk fnu vk/kh jkr ls 'kq: gksrk gS] tc og vius [ksrksa dh rjQ fudy iM+rk gS] dM+kds dh BaM esa Hkh vkSj bartkj djrk gS fctyh vkus dk rkfd flapkbZ djus ds fy, iai pyk lds ;k fQj ugj [kqys vkSj mldh ckjh vk, [ksr esa ikuh yxkus dhA lwjt mxus ls igys gh mlus nw/k nqg ysuk gS vkSj vius xk;&HkSal dk nkuk&ikuh dj nsuk gSA vkSj lwjt mxrs gh vius ifjokj ds lkFk [ksrksa esa tqrkbZ ls ysdj fujkbZ&xqM+kbZ rd ds reke dke djus gSaA lfn;ksa ls mlh rjg [kVrh ftanxh ftlesa vkjke dk uke ughaA ;gh gS ml fdlku dh d:.k&dFkk ftlus viuh esgur] fgEer vkSj lw>cw> ds cy ij bl ns'k dks Hkh[k dk dVksjk ysdj ftl&frl ds vkxs fxM+fxM+kus dh 'kfeZanxh ls Åij mBk;kA ysfdu ml gfjr&Økafr ds ckn Hkh t; fdlku dk ukjk Hkys gh fn;k x;k] vly esa lkjs dne ,sls gh mBk, x, fd fdlku dk {k; gksA cksysaxs fdlku dh t; gks vkSj dke ,sls djsaxs] ftuls fdlku dk {k; gksA reke lÙkk/kh'kksa ls misf{kr ;s fdlku vkt Hkh lfn;ksa ls pyh vk jgh ijaijk dks fuHkkrs gq,s vius [ksrksa esa [kVrs vk jgs gSa vkSj vktknh ds le; ls frxquh vkcknh dks pkSxquk vukt iSnk dj ds f[kyk jgs gSaA fQj Hkh bu 55 djksM+ fdlkuksa dks ns'k us jke Hkjksls NksM+k gqvk gSA bUgha ds oksVkssa ls ljdkjsa curh gSa vkSj fxjrh gSaA ysfdu pqurs gh usrk yksx fdlkuksa ls fd, x, ok;ns Hkwy tkrs gSaA muds pkjksa vksj ukSdj'kkg] lsB&lkgwdkj vkSj muds fiB~Bw ,slh nhokjs [kM+h dj nsrs gSa] ftuds ikj dh dM+qbZ lPpkb;ka mUgsa utj ughsa vkrhaA xkao&nsgkr rks bruk Hkqyk fn;k tkrk gS fd dbZ ckj bl ns'k dh turkaf=d iz.kkyh ij ls fo'okl mBus yxrk gSA 59

tc rd gekjs jkt usrk bu dM+qbZ lPpkb;ksa dks le>dj Bksl dne ughsa mBkrs] mUgsa irk gh ugha pysxk fd fdlkuksa dk vkØks'k mUgsa ,d fnu mBkdj ikrky esa Qsad ldrk gSA fdlh ,d ikVhZ dh ljdkj dk tekuk pyk x;k vkSj feyh&tqyh ljdkjsa cuus yxha D;ksa\ fdlkuksa ds xqLls ds dkj.k! ,d ds ckn nwljh ljdkjsa ftu vehjksa dh lsok&lqJw"kk esa yxh jgrh gS] os gSa gh fdrus! eqV~Bh Hkj vkSj os Hkh oksV Mkyus dh t+ger ugha mBkrsA Ñf"k dh mis{kk ds bu jktuhfrd ifj.kkeksa ls Hkh xgjs gksaxs lkekftd&vkfFkZd ifj.kkeA nsgkrksa esa O;kIr ?kksj fujk'kk vkSj grk'kk dh vksj tc rd gekjs jktusrk O;kfDrxr :i ls /;ku ugha nsaxs vkSj viuh dFkuh dks djuh esa cnyus ls drjkrs jgasxs] rc rd Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vkSj Ñ"kd blh rjg djkgrs vkSj dq<+rs jgsaxsA vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa vkSj lalnh; lfefr;ksa ds Hkjksls Hkkjrh; Ñf"k dks Åapk ugha mBk;k tk ldrkA ;g gkyr jgh rks gesa ,sls Hk;adj [kk|&ladV dk lkeuk djuk iM+sxk] ftlls ns'k dh jh<+ gh VwV tk,xh] D;ksafd Ñf"k gh ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk dh jh<+ gSA

Hkjekj ds chp Hkq[kejh vkf[kjdkj lu~ 2001 esa Hkkjr ds loksZPp U;k;kyu dks vUunkrk dk :i /kkj.k djuk iM+kA b/kj xksnkeksa esa vukt Hkjk iM+k Fkk vkSj m/kj Hkq[kejh ls ekSrsa gks jgh FkhaA bl nk#.k fLFkfr ls {kqC/k gksdj loksZPp U;k;ky; us Hkw[k ls xzLr gksus okys Ng jkT;ksa esa lLrs nke okyh jk'ku dh can nqdkusa ,d g¶rs ds vanj fQj ls [kksyus dk vkns'k fn;kA vkf[kjdkj ,Q- lh- vkbZ- esa 6 djksM+ Vu ls vf/kd vukt tek gks x;k Fkk vkSj bldk vf/kdrj lM+ jgk FkkA ;g okLro esa oSlh gh fLFkfr Fkh fd ^ty fcp ehu fi;klh* & vukt Hkjk iM+k Fkk vkSj yksx Hkw[kksa ej jgs FksA xjhc vkSj Hkw[kksa ds izfr ljdkj dh mis{kk loksZPp U;k;ky; dh bl fVIi.kh ls Li"V gks tkrh gS] fd ^^,slh Ldhe cukdj rqjar ykxw dh tk,] ftlls fd ,slh ukScr fQj u vk, fd xksnke Hkjs gksa vkSj vukt j[kus dh txg u cpus ds dkj.k vukt lM+ jgk gks vkSj fQj Hkh yksx Hkq[kejh ds f'kdkj gks jgs gksaA ,d Hkh vkneh Hkw[kk u jgsA loksZPp U;k;ky; dh bl fVIi.kh ls rhu eghus igys Lo;a iz/kkuea=h vVy fcgkjh oktis;h us dgk Fkk fd ^tura= vkSj Hkw[k lkFk&lkFk ugha py ldrs*A ^Hkw[k ls eqDr Hkkjr dh vksj* 'kh"kZd ls vk;ksftr ,d lEesyu dk mn~?kkVu djrs gq, iz/kkuea=h oktis;h th us ;g dgk Fkk fd ^^vk/kqfud fo'o esa foKku vksj izkS|ksfxdh us foiqyrk vkSj lerkiw.kZ fodkl dh ,slh fLFkfr;ka iSnk dj nh gSa fd vc dksbZ otg ugha gS fd Hkw[k vkSj xjhch cuh jgsaA** ;s fopkj okLro esa iz'kaluh; gSA ysfdu mudh ljdkj us fd;k cl ;gh fd tu forj.k iz.kkyh dks et+cwr cukus vkSj mldk uke cny nsus dk ok;nk fd;kA lkFk 60

gh ;g Hkh dgk fd ^vUu&HkaMkjksa dk dYiuk'khy vkSj mÌs';iw.kZ <ax ls bLrseky fd;k tk,xk] rkfd dhersa fLFkj gks tk,a vkSj fu;kZr c<+sA fiNyh ljdkjksa us Hkh ;gh fd;k Fkk fd vukt dk bLrseky vkS|ksfxd fodkl dks Åapk mBkus ds fy, fd;kA urhtk ;g gqvk fd Hkw[k c<+rh jghA vkSj og Hkh ljdkj ds bl nkos ds ckotwn fd mlus lcls xjhc 100 yk[k ifjokjksa ds fy, ^vUR;ksn; vUu ;kstuk* esa vUu dk izko/kku c<+kdj nqxuk dj fn;k gSA bl Ldhe dh ?kks"k.kk ds ckn ljdkj fuf'apr gks xbZ fd ^vUu rd xjhcksa dh igqap* lqfuf'pr dj nh xbZ gS & HkkSfrd Hkh vkSj vkfFkZd Hkh & vkSj cqfu;knh [kk|&lqj{kk dh <ky [kM+h dj nh xbZ gS] ftls Hksn dj Hkw[k fQj ls okj ugha dj ik;sxhA ysfdu oSlk dqN gqvk ughaA blds fy, gekjk Lora= izsl Hkh mruk gh ft+Eesnkj gS] D;ksafd vDlj jktuhfrd fopkj/kkjk dks izsl izHkkfor djrk gSA eq>s cM+h galh vkrh gS tc yksx ukscy iqjLdkj ls lEekfur izksQslj veR;Z lsu dk ;g okD; nqgjkrs gSa fd ^^Lora= turkaf=d ns'kksa esa Lora= izsl ds gksrs gq, vdky ugha iM+ ldrsA** tc 1943 esa caxky esa vdky iM+k rks fczfV'k izsl Lora= FkkA bZFkksfi;k esa lu~ 1984&85 esa vdky vius pje ij igqap pqdk Fkk] tc ch- ch- lh- us gh nqfu;k dks crk;k Fkk fd ml ns'k ds mRrj&if'pe bykds esa vukt ds <sj lM+ jgs gSa vkSj mu Vªdksa dk bartkj dj jgs gSa] tks mls t+:jr ean bykdksa esa ys tk,axsA ogka vc Hkh gky ;g gS fd 80 izfr'kr yksx xkaoksa esa jgrs gSa vkSj muds ifjokj tks Qly mxkrs gSa] ogh mudh lEifRr gSA mlds flok vkenuh dk dksbZ vkSj tfj;k ugha gSA vxj ekSle nxk ns x;k rks bu ifjokjksa ds ikl vukt dk ,d nkuk Hkh ugha cprk vkSj vkenuh u gksus ds dkj.k cktkj esa vUu gks Hkh] rks os [kjhn ugha ldrsA lqn`<+ tura= vkSj eq[kj izsl ds gksrs gq, Hkh Hkkjr esa yk[kksa yksx gj jkst Hkw[ks lksrs gSaA gekjs iM+kSlh ckaXykns'k esa Hkh gkykr ,sls gh 'keZukd gSa fd ,d vksj vUu Hkjk iM+k gS vkSj nwljh vksj Hkw[ks yksx Hkjs iM+s gSaA vkSj Hkkjr rFkk ckaXykns'k nksuks esa gh tura= vkSj izsl nksuksa [kwc Qy&Qwy jgs gSaA ;g lpeqp tura= vkSj lapkj ek/;e nksuksa ds fy, cM+h yTtk dh ckr gS] D;ksafd bu nksuksa dks gh izks- veR;Z lsu us Hkw[k vkSj xjhch feVkus ds fy, ft+Eesnkj Bgjk;k gSa 'keZ dh ckr ;g gS fd bl fLFkfr ls Hkkjr dks mckjus ds fy, U;k;ikfydk dks gLr{ksi djuk iM+k] rkfd ^lcds fy, vUu* lqfuf'pr fd;k tk lds] tks fd okLro esa lc dk ekSfyd vf/kdkj gSA blls ;g rks lkQ gks gh x;k fd fdlh ns'k esa tura= gksus vkSj Lora= izsl gksus ls gh ekuork ds d"V nwj ugha gks tkrsA gesa vk'kk djuh pkfg, fd tks dke ,d ds ckn nwljh reke ljdkjsa fiNys ipkl lkyksa esa ugha dj ikbZa] og ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; iwjk dj nsA ysfdu blds fy, loksZPp U;k;ky; dks Hkh dkQh e'kDdr djuh iM+sxh] D;ksafd ljdkjh e'khujh] vkerkSj ls dqN Hkh dj yks] Vl ls el ugha gksrhA

[kk| lqj{kk dh uhao f[kldkuk ns'k ds eq[;eaf=;ksa dh iz'kalk djuh gksxh fd mUgksaus ch- ts- ih- ds usr`Ro dh xBca/ku&ljdkj dks Hkkjr ds vHkwriwoZ [kk|&lqj{kk ra= dh uhao fgykus ls jksd fn;kA gekjs ns'k esa [kk|kUu dh [kjhn vkSj forj.k dk fo'kky ra= iwjh nqfu;k esa viuh rjg dk vuwBk gSA ,d ckj vukt dh ljdkjh [kjhn jksd nh tk, rks fQj fdlku rks O;kikfj;ksa vkSj cktkj dh esgjckuh ij ft,axsA og thuk dSlk gksxk] bldk vuqeku yxkuk dfBu ugha gS\a fiNyk vuqHko crkrk gs fd O;kikjh vkSj nyky fdlkuksa dks fdl rjg Bxrs gSaA bu ij NksM+ fn;k tk, rks fiNys rhl lkyksa esa cM+h eqf'dy ls feyh [kk|kUu dh vkRefuHkZjrk iyd >idrs esa f[kld tk,A ;g ?kVuk eq[;eaf=;ksa ds 2001 esa ,d lEesyu esa ?kVhA ;g lEesyu ^d`f"k vkSj [kk| izca/ku ij MCy;w- Vh- vks- le>kSrk* fo"k; ij vk;ksftr fd;k x;k FkkA blesa iz/kkuea=h vVy fcgkjh oktis;h us lq>ko fn;k fd vukt dhs [kjhn vkSj forj.k dk dke fodsfUnzr dj fn;k tk,A ;kuh ;g ft+Eesnkjh dsUnz ljdkj dh ctk; jkT; ljdkjksa dks lkSai nh tk,A vly esa os dqN dfBu leL;kvksa ij jktuhfrd leFkZu tqVkus dk iz;kl dj jgs FksA mUgksaus 'kq:vkr esa lcdks ;g le>k;k fd Hkkjr dh d`f"k vkSj [kk| fLFkfr ds izc/aku esa MCY;w- Vh- vks- dh Hkwfedk cM+k egRo j[krh gSA vkSj fQj mUgksaus crk;k fd os D;k dne mBkuk pkgrs gSaA mUgksaus dgk fd ^^igys dne ds rkSj ij ge ,Qlh- vkbZ- dk iquxZBu djuk pkgrs gSaA dsUnzh; vukt HkaMkj ls fj;k;rh nkeksa ij vukt miyC/k djkus dh ctk; jkT; ljdkjksa dks foRrh; lgk;rk nh tk,xh fd os xjhch dh js[kk ds uhps thou&fuokZg djus okys ifjokjksa ds fy, vukt [kjhnsa vkSj ckaVsaA** iz/kkuea=h th us ;g ugha crk;k fd muds Åij vukt dh ljdkjh [kjhn [kRe djus ds fy, Hkkjh ncko gSA Hkkjr tSls ns'kksa dh bl [kk| O;oLFkk dks MCY;w- Vhvks- rksM+uk pkgrh gSA fQj [kk| dk lqjf{kr HkaMkj cukus ds fy, ljdkj dks cktkj ls vukt [kjhnuk iM+sxkA vkSj mlds ckn ,Q- lh- vkbZ- dks Hkh ;g vukt cktkj&Hkko ij gh cspuk iM+sxk] u fd fj;k;rh nkeksa ijA dsoy xjhch dh js[kk ls uhps okyksa dks ;g vukt fj;k;rh njksa ij miyC/k djk;k tk ldsxkA ljdkj us xjhch dh js[kk ls Åij ds ifjokjks dks tu forj.k iz.kkyh ¼ih- Mh- ,l-½ ls fudkydj MCY;w- Vh- vks- dh fgnk;rksa dk ikyu djuk 'kq: Hkh dj fn;k gSA

eq[;eaf=;ksa us [kk|kUu dh [kjhn vkSj forj.k iz.kkyh dks dsUnz dh ctk; jkT;ksa ij Fkksius ds bl izLrko dks bl nyhy ls Bqdjk fn;k fd muds ikl vukt dh [kjhn] HkaMkj.k rFkk forj.k dk cqfu;knh <kapk ugha gS vkSj u os blds fy, forh; O;oLFkk dj ik;saxsA bl rjg mUgksaus orZeku iz.kkyh esa fdlh Hkh ifjorZu ls lkQ badkj dj fn;k vksj izLrko dks ^vO;kogkfjd* crk;kA bldh ctk; mUgksaus ljdkj dks lykg nh fd og fdlkuksa ds fgr esa igys ls lfdz; gksus dh dksf'k'k djsaA ^^t+:jr bl ckr dh gS fd ,Q- lh- vkbZ dks vf/kd dk;Zdq'ky cuk;k tk,A gkykafd iz/kkuea=h us muds eu ls MCY;w- Vh- vksds izfr Hkjh vk'kadk fudkyus dh iwjh dksf'k'k dh] ysfdu eq[;eaf=;ksa us Li"V :i ls dgk fd MCY;w- Vh- vks- Hkkjrh; d`f"k ds fy, [krjs iSnk dj jgk gSA eq[;eaf=;ksa us iz/kkuea=h ds izLrko dks ,der ls blfy, Bqdjk;k D;ksafd jktuhfrd okLrfodrk us mUgsa ,slk djus ds fy, foo'k fd;kA dsUnz ljdkj rks viuh dfe;ksa ds fy, xBca/ku ds lnL;ksa dks ft+Eesnkj Bgjk ldrh gS] ysfdu vf/kdrj eq[;ea=h ;g ugha dj ldrsA muds Åij jkT; dh iwjh ft+Eesnkjh gSA nwljs eq[;ea=h ;g Hkh le>rs gSa fd MCY;w- Vh- vks ds fo:) fdlkuksa esa Hkkjh vlarks"k gSA ;gh fpark vkU?kzizns'k ds pUnzkckcw uk;Mw dks lrk jgh Fkh vkSj iatkc ds rRdkyhu eq[;ea=h izdk'kflag ckny dks HkhA Jh ckny dks rks fdlkuks dh mis{kk djus ds dkj.k viuh xÌh xaokuh iM+hA tkfgj gS fd tks Hkh MCY;w- Vh- vks- dh lykg ekudj tu&fojks/kh QSlys djsxk] turk mldh NqÍh dj nsxhA Hkys fdruk gh fudEek D;ksa u gks] orZeku [kk|&ra= esa dksbZ Hkh Qsj cny fdlku ds fgr esa u gqvk rks fdlku dHkh ekQ ugha djsaxsA miHkksDrk Hkh [kk|kUu dh eagxkbZ cnkZ'r ugha djrsA I;kt dh eagxkbZ dbZ ckj ljdkjksa dks #yk pqdh gSA Hkkjr dh orZeku [kk| O;oLFkk dks rksM+us dk eryc gS Hkw[k vkSj dqiks"k.k dks c<+kok nsukA gekjh gfjr dzkafr dh cqfu;kn gh ;gh Fkh fd fdlkuksa dks iSnkokj c<+krs jgus ds fy, ljdkjh [kjhn ls izksRlkgu feyk vkSj xjhcksa dks lLrs jk'ku dh nqdkuksa ls lLrk vukt] phuh vkSj [kkus dk rsy feyus ls t:jh jkgr feyhA blh vk/kkj ij ge vdkyksa ds paxqy ls cprs jgs gSaA ;g vk/kkj gVrs gh ge fQj mlh gkyr esa igqap tk,axs] tc vukt ds fy, fons'kh tgkt dk bartkj jgrk FkkA gkykafd gekjs vFkZ'kkL=h bl lpkbZ dks ugha ekusaxsA vkf[kj vkbZ- ,e-,Q-] oYMZ cSad vkSj MCY;w- Vh- vks- Hkh rks bl [kk|kUu&lgk;rk dh iz.kkyh ds fo#) gSa\ D;ksa\ D;ksafd Hkkjr dh viuh ljdkjh [kjhn vkSj forj.k iz.kkyh ds gksrs gq, vejhdk vkSj ;wjksih la?k viuk vukt Hkkjr ds ckt+kjksa esa ugha yk ldrsA os Hkkjr ds fo'kky [kk|kUu&cktkj ij viuh fx)&n`f"V yxk;s cSBs gSaA vejhdk vius fdlkuks dks bruh Hkkjh lfClMh nsrk gS fd vxj tYnh gks mls Hkkjr tSlk fo'kky cktkj vukt cspus dks ugha feyk rks mldh viuh d`f"k&O;oLFkk fNUu&fHkUu gks tk,xhA

nqHkkZX;o'k bl ckjs esa vejhdk iwjh rjg lpsr gSA Hkkjr ljdkj Hkh vejhdk ds vkfFkZd fgrksa ls vifjfpr ugha gSA nqHkkZX;o'k tgka vejhdh ljdkj vius fdlkuks ds fgrksa dh j{kk dh ckr lksp jgh gS] ogha Hkkjr ljdkj Hkh ;gh lksp jgh gS fd vejhdh fdlkuksa ds fgr dSls lqjf{kr jgsaA

Hkw[k ls dekbZ vius ns'k esa tks Hkh gks og FkksM+k gSA D;k vki tkurs gS fd ;gka Hkw[k vkSj dqiks"k.k ls equkQk dek;k tkrk gSA Hkkjr ljdkj dks yxrk gS fd vxj Qkyrw xsgwa vkSj pkoy fu;kZr dj fn;k tk, rks fons'kh eqnzk dekbZ tk ldrh gSA ;g vukt ^Qkyrw* rks rHkh gksxk] tc eqQfylksa vksj Hkw[kksa dh igaqp ls ckgj j[kk tk,xkA blls rks os nks vejhdh daiuh gh vf/kd n;koku ekuh tk,axha] ftUgkasus i'kqvksa ds nkus dh gh lgh] dqiks"k.k&xzLr Hkkjrh;ksa ds fy, iks"kd vkgkj esa cnyus dh rks lksphA ;g iks"kd vkgkj ^jkbl&czku* ;kuh pkoy dh duh ;k Hkwlh ls cuk;k tk,xk tks fd eqfxZ;ksa] lwvjksa vkSj xk;ksa dks f[kykdj mUgsa eksVk djus ds dke vkrh gSA blesa fpdukbZ Hkh gksrh gS vksj izksVhuA Hkkjr ljdkj rks ^Qkyrw* vukt vkSj ml vukt dks ftls laHkkydj j[kuk eqf'dy gks jgk gS] ?kjsyw dher ls Hkh de dher ij varjkZ"Vªh; eaMh eaas csp jgh gS] ogha vejhdh daiuh ^jkbl&,Dl* us vukt&O;kikj dh cgqjk"Vªh; eBk/kh'k daiuh eksalk.Vks ds lkFk feydj ^jkbl&czku* dks iks"kd ekuo vkgkj esa cnyus dk QSlyk fd;k gSA blds fy, tks rduhd viukbZ tk,xh] mldk isVs.V blh dEiuh ds ikl gSA Hkw[ks vkSj dqiksf"kr Hkkjrh; i'kqnkus ls cus iks"kd vkgkj dks f[kykdj ij[kus ds fy, ^fxuhfix* cusaxsaA fxuhfix pwgs ds oxZ dk gh ,d iz;ksx'kkyh; i'kq gS] ftl ij nok,a vkSj Vhds vktek, tkrs gSaA eryc ;g gS fd iwjh nqfu;k esa cspus ls igys ;g ^iks"kd vkgkj* Hkkjr esa vktek;k tk,xkA ;s iz;ksx gksus ls ikap lky rd pysaxsA vxj bls [kkus okyksa dk gktek nq:Lr jgk vkSj lsgr Bhd jgh] rks bldk eryc ;g gksxk fd tks Hkwlh vc rd tkuoj [kkrs Fks] mls vc vkneh Hkh [kk ldrk gSA rks fQj ;g iks"kd vkgkj ds :i esa rhljh nqfu;k esa cspk tk,xk vkSj nksuksa dEifu;ksa dks blls gj lky 40 djksM+ vejhdh Mkyj ;kuh dksbZ 280 djksM+ #i, ds lkykuk equkQs dh mEehn gSA fiNys lky bls 50 yk[k Mkyj dk uqDlku gqvk FkkA blfy, bl u, izkstsDV dh lQyrk dEiuh ds fy, cgqr t:jh gSA dEiuh ds ps;jeSu eSdihd lkgc us] crkrs gSa fd ;g dgk gS fd jkbl&,Dl vkSj eksalk.Vks vkil esa vk/kk&vk/kk [kpZ ckaVdj bl dke dks vkxs c<+k,aA blesa vejhdh pkoy dh Hkkjr dks ynkbZ djuk vkSj nks iz'kks/ku&;a= Hkh ;gka ykuk 'kkfey gSA blds lkFk gh izf'kf{kr deZpkjh Hkh Hkkjr vk,axsA ;s yksx vejhdh vkSj Hkkjrh; pkoy dh Hkwlh vyx djds blls iks"kd vkgkj cuk,axsA Ng eghus rd ;g dke Hkh ijh{k.k ds rkSj ij fd;k tk,xkA

pkoy ds dPps nkuksa ls pkoy dh duh ;k Hkwlh vyx djds mls fVdkÅ cukus dh rduhd jkbl&,Dl us fodflr dh gSA bls iks"kd vkgkj esa cnyus vkSj cspus ds fy, vejhdk esa fLFkr bl dEiuh dks rhljh nqfu;k ds cktkj cgqr lgh yxs gSaA vkf[kjdkj brus Hkw[ks vkSj dqiksf"kr yksx vkSj dgka feysaxsA vdsys Hkkjr esa gh budh la[;k yxkrkj c<+ jgh gSA lu~ 1990 ds n'kd ls 'kq: djds n'kd ds e/; rd ;g la[;k 22 djksM+ 40 yk[k ls c<+dj 25 djksM+ rd igaqp xbZ FkhA fo'o cSad dk dguk gS fd bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd nsgkrksa esa xjhch yxkrkj c<+ jgh gS vkSj 'kgjksa esa yxkrkj ?kV jgh gSA blds ckotwn ljdkj [kk|kUu dk fu;kZr djus dh NwV ns jgh gS] ;g folaxfr vk'p;Z esa Mky nsrh gSA bldk eryc rks ;gh gqvk fd yksxksa dks vUu ds cqfu;knh ekuokf/kdkj ls oafpr djds vUu cpkvks vkSj mls ckgj cspdj Mkyj dekvksA ;kuh Hkw[kksa ds eaqg ls nkuk Nhudj fons'kh eqnzk ds HkaMkj Hkjks! nqfu;k dk vkSj dksbZ Hkh ns'k] fQj Hkys gh og vejhdk gh D;ksa u gks] [kk|kUu dk fu;kZr rHkh djrk gS] tc ns'k esa mldh t:jr iwjh gks tk, vkSj blds ckn Hkh cpk jgsA vejhdh ljdkj Hkh dksbZ 25 vjc vejhdh Mkyj [kpZ djds ogka xjhch dh js[kk ds uhps fuokZg djus okys djhc <kbZ&djksM+ ifjokjksa dks [kk|kUu vkSj iks"k.k eqgS;k djrh gS] rkfd os Hkw[ks u ejsaA Hkkjr esa vUUk ds HkaMkj blfy, Hkj tkrs gSa] D;ksafd ge Hkw[kksa rd vUu igaqpk ugha ikrsA ;k dgsa fd igaqpkuk ugha pkgrsA eagxkbZ yxkrkj c<+ jgh gS( csjkstxkjh c<+ jgh gS( vkenuh ?kV jgh gSA 40&45 #i, jkst dek ldsa ,sls yksx Hkh fdrus gSa] tcfd fo'o cSad ,d Mkyj ;k mlls de dekus okyksa dks xjhc ekurk gSA blhfy, ,sls yksxksa dh la[;k cjkcj c<+ jgh g]S tks nks twu isV ugha Hkj ldrs vkSj Hkw[ks lks tkrs gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd bu xjhcksa ds isV ls dkVk x;k vUu ljdkj ds xksnkeksa esa bruk tek gks x;k] fd vV ugha ik jgkA bl rjg Hkkjr ds Hkw[kksa dh mis{kk djds xsgwa&pkoy mu ns'kksa dks csps tk jgs gSa] tgka ;s tkuojksa dks f[kyk, tkrs gSaA bl rjg Hkw[ks xjhcksa dh ijokg u djds ljdkj us mUgsa cktkj ds Hkjksls NksM+ fn;k gSA b/kj Hkkjr ljdkj rks fdlkuksa ds xk<+s ilhus ls mitkbZ lqugjh Qly dks vkSu&ikSus nkeksa ij nwljs ns'kksa esa i'kqvksa ds nkus ds fy, csp jgh gS vkSj b/kj cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka blds myV i'kqvksa ds nkus dks ikSf"Vd vkgkj esa cnyus ds cgkus ls Hkkjr ds Hkw[ks vkSj dqiksf"kr xjhcksa dks f[kykus dh is'kd'k dj jgh gSA

Hkkjrh;ksa dks i'kq&nkuk eksalk.Vks ds iks"k.k vkSj miHkksDrk foHkkx ds O;kikj&fodkl&v/;;{k feLVj pkYlZ ,Q- gkWQ dk dguk gS fd ^^ge Hkkjr esa viuh xfrfof/k;ka c<+kus esa xgjh fnypLih j[krs gSaA jkbl&,Dl ds LokfeRo okyh izkS|ksfxdh ls pkoy dh Hkwlh dks ikSf"Vd vkgkj esa cnydj ge Hkkjr ds yksxksa dk iks"k.k&Lrj lq/kkj ldrs gSaA* vly esa jkbl&czku ;kuh pkoy dh Hkwlh ;k duh og cknkeh fgLlk gksrk gS tks jkbl&fey 65

esa pkoy dh ikWfyf'kax ds nkSjku nksuksa ls vyx gks tkrk gSA ysfdu ;g rqjar ,atkbeksa ls fØ;k djds [kjkc gks tkrk gS vkSj fQj bl yk;d ugha jgrk fd vknfe;ksa dks f[kyk;k tk ldsA blls igys Hkh jkbl&czku ls [kkus dk rsy fudkyus ds iz;kl fd, x, gSaA vc jkbl&,Dl us ,slh rjdhc fudky yh gS fd jkbl&czku [kjkc u gks vkSj mldh ikSf"Vdrk cuh jgsA bl rjg bl Hkwlh ds ikSf"Vd rRo vyx fd, tk ldrs gSaA jkbl&,Dl Hkh pkoy dh ewlh ls [kkus dk rsy gh cukuk pkgrh gSA ;g rsy izksVhu&cgqy Hkh gksxk ,slk nkok fd;k x;k gSA lkFk gh [kjkc ugha gksxk ( fVdkÅ gksxkA vxj lQyrk fey xbZ rks jkbl&,Dl vkSj eksalk.Vks nksuksa daifu;ka fey dj Hkkjr esa la;qDr m|e LFkkfir djsaxhA eksalk.Vksa bl izk;kstuk dks ysdj cgqr mRlkfgr gSa] D;ksafd jkbLk&czku tSls de dher ij fcdus okys i'kq&nkus dks] Åaph dher ij csps tk ldusokys ekuo&vkgkj esa cnyk tk,xkA ftl ns'k dh ljdkj vius ukxfjdksa dks iks"kd vkgkj u ns lds] ml ns'k dh fdLer esa ;gh gksxk fd cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka mls ikSf"Vd vkgkj ds nke ij tkuojksa dk nkuk f[kyk,a! blls igys Hkh nwljh ljdkjsa ns'k dh turk dk isV Hkjus ds fy, ,slk gh ?kfV;k vukt eaxkrh jgh gSa] tks ckgj ds ns'kksa esa tkuojksa dks f[kyk;k tkrk gSA gfjr&Økafr ls igys vkLVªsfy;k] vtsZafVuk vkSj vejhdk ls ,slk gh xsgwa] eDdk vksj Tokj vkrk jgkA vc tc fd t:jr ugha gS] rks Hkh fo'o O;kikj laxBu ds ncko esa ckgj ls xsgwa eaxk;k x;k] rkfd tgka ns'kh vukt lM+ jgk gS] ogha fons'kh Hkh lM+sA lkFk gh ns'k esa iSnk gq, vukt dks Qkyrw crkdj Mkyj dekus ds fy, ckgj cspk tk jgk gSA Qkyrw crkrs le; mu Hkw[kksa dh t:jr ugha fxuh tkrh] tks xjhch dh js[kk ds uhps Hkq[kejh vkSj dqiks"k.k dk lkeuk dj jgs gSaA ikapos osru vk;ksx dh flQkfj'k ij ljdkjh egdeksa esa dke dj jgs deZpkfj;ksa ds osru c<+kus ij ljdkj us 800 vjc #i, [kpZ fd, rks fdlh us Hkh maxyh ugha mBkbZA ysfdu ogh ljdkj xjhcksa rd vUu igaqpkus dk [kpZ mBkus esa fgpdrh gS] rks Hkh lc pqi gSaA ;g pqIih gh ?kkrd gSA ;gh fdlh fnu ns'k dks ys MwcsxhA Hkw[ks xjhcksa dh gk; rks ,d fnu yxsxh ghA Qjojh 2002 esa lEiUu gq, dqN jkT;ksa ds pqukoksa ls rks yxrk gS fd gk; yx pqdh gSA

Hkw[k ls NqVdkjk % lgh jkLrk ;g gS tgk¡ ,d ds ckn nwljh ljdkjsa vlQy jgha vkSj eq[;/kkjk ds vFkZ'kkL=h pwdrs jgs] ogha xjhcksa rd [kk|kUu igapkus esa ijaijkxr vukt&cSadksa us lgh jkLrk fn[kk;k gSA ;s vukt&dks"k mu bykdksa esa viuk dke dj jgs gSa] tgkWa ckj&ckj lw[kk iM+rk gS] xjhch gS] Hkw[k gSA ;s bykds gSa os tgka fdlku [ksrh ds fy, o"kkZ ij fuHkZj jgrs gSa & ckjkuh bykdsA bu nwj&njkt ds bykdksa esa xkao okyksa us [kqn viuh [kk|&lqj{kk dk tks uk;kc rjhdk fudkyk gS og Hkys gh vfFkZd n`f"V ls rdZghu] jktuhfrd n`f"V ls 66

laosnu'khy vkSj vR;ar tfVy yxs] ysfdu xzkeh.kksa us xkao ds lcls xjhc rcds dh Hkw[k dk LFkkuh; lek/kku [kkst fy;k gSA blesa muds ijaijkxr Kku~ lfn;ksa ls pyh vk jgh lw>cw> vkSj ,d nwljs dh enn djus dh ekuoh; Hkkouk dk ;ksx jgk gSA vFkZ'kkL=h Hkys gh bldks Lohdkj djus esa fgpfdpk,a] D;ksafd ;g muds uohu vFkZ'kkL=h; laLdkjksa esa 'kkfey ugha gS ( ukSdj'kkg bls udkj gh nsaxs D;ksafd bl rjhds esa mudh Åijh dekbZ dh dksbZ xaqtkb'k ughas gS vkSj 'kk;n jktusrkvksa dks Hkh ilan u vk,] D;ksafd bl jkLrs dks viukus ls mudk oksV cSad 'kk;n gh c<+sA mM+hlk ds cksyufxjh ftys ;k dukZVd ds dksMkxq ftys ds Hkq[kejh ds f'kdkj xkaoksa ls tks dke ,d lkns iz;ksx ds :i esa 'kq: gqvk Fkk] og ns'k dh [kk|&lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djus dk vuqdj.kh; ekxZ cu x;k gSA bldk egRo blfy, vkSj Hkh c<+ tkrk gS] fd nqfu;k esa lcls cM+s vukt&forj.k ra= dh LFkkiuk ds ckotwn ge lcls xjhc rd [kk|kUu igaqpkuk lqfuf'pr ugha dj ik,A ,d ds ckn nwljh] lHkh ljdkjsa bl ekeys esa eaqgdh [kkrh jghaA ;g rks vc vkdj gks ik;k gS fd [kkrs&ihrs ifjokj vkSj vk;dj pqdkus okys ifjokjksa dks ih-Mh-,l ;kuh ifCyd fMLVªhC;w'ku flLVe ds rgr [kksyh xbZ mfpr nke ij jk'ku miyC/k djkus dh nqdkuksa ls jk'kudkMZ dh ekQZr jk'ku ysus ls oafpr fd;k x;k gS] ugha rks blls igys lHkh ljdkjsa vehjksa ds ncko esa bl QSlys dks Vkyrh jghaaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ^ih-Mh-,l* ljdkjh [ktkus ij Hkkjh cks> cuk gqvk FkkA cksyufxfj vkSj dksMkxq ftys ds xzkeokfl;ksas us ;g fl) dj fn;k gS fd bl tu&forj.k iz.kkyh ds okLrfod ykHkkFkhZ tks gksus pkfg, Fks] os xjhc ifjokj jksVh ds fy, ljdkjh nke ds eksgrkt ugha gSaA ns'k ds vU; Hkkxksa esa Hkh Qly esa ls xjhcksa dk fgLlk vyx djus dh iz.kkyh pyrh jgh gS vkSj dgha&dgha vkt Hkh py jgh gSA mM+hlk esa cksyufxfj 'kgj ls dksbZ 150 fdyksehVj nwj 20 xkaoksa dk Vksyk gS] tgka Hkq[kejh dk dksbZ Hkh fu'kku vc utj ugha vkrkA ,d gh xkao laq/kheaqMk dh felky ysa] rks blesa vkSj blds vklikl ds lSdM+ksa xzkeh.k ifjokjksa us [kk|&chek dk vpwd jkLrk viuk fy;k gS] tks Hkq[kejh dks nwj j[krk gSA xkaookyksa dk viuk rjhdk fdruk izHkko'kkyh gS vkSj lkekftd&vkfFkZd n`f"V ls fdruk rdZlaxr gS] ;g bl ckr ls lkfcr gksrk gS fd gj rjg dh izkÑfrd vkink ds le; ;g dkjxj lkfcr gqvk gS vkSj budh [kk| lqj{kk dks dksbZ lw[kk ugha lq[kk ik;k] dksbZ rwQku Mqcks ughas ik;k vkSj dksbZ Hkwdai blesa njkj ugha Mky ik;kA nwljh vksj blh ftys ds dqN xkaoksa esa ckj&ckj ds lw[ks us gtkjksa ifjokjksa dks Hkq[kejh ds dxkj ij igqapk fn;k vkSj de ls de 25 ekSrsa blfy, gks xbZa] D;ksafd mUgasa [kkus ds fy, ,d Hkh nkuk ugha fey ik;k FkkA xzkeh.kksa ds vius [kk|&lqj{kk vfHk;ku dk Jh x.ks'k lu~ 1990&91 ls gqvk FkkA mu fnuksa lqa/kheaqMk xkao esa ,d Lo;a lsoh laLFkk ^vkapfyd tu lsok vuq"Bku* dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ FkhA blds leUo;drkZ gSa oa'kh?kj cgsM+k tks ;gka ds tkusekus lektlsoh gSaA cgsMªk th vkSj muds lkFkh dkbZ ,slk mik; [kkstus esa yxs Fks] ftls 67

viukdj foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa eas vukt miyC/k u gksus ds dkj.k iSnk gksus okyh ijs'kkfu;ksa vkSj rdyhQ ls cpk tk ldsA mUgksaus xkao ds yksxksa dh cSBd cqykdj muls lykg&e'kfojk fd;k vkSj ;g r; fd;k x;k fd tks Hkh ns ldrs gSa] os viuh /kku dh Qly dk dqN fgLlk nku djsaA bl rjg iwjs xkao ls 22 fDo.Vy /kku tek gks x;kA vkB xkaoksa ds 150 fdlku&ifjokjksa us bl dk;ZØe esa ;ksx fn;kA ;s lc ds lc /kuh fdlku ugha FksA buesa ls vf/kdrj NksVs vkSj lhekar fdlku FksA bl rjg xzkeh.k vukt&cSad dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA ;g vukt cSad [kk|&lqj{kk dh dqath cu x;kA rc ls gj Qly dh dVkbZ ds ckn] ftlds ikl Hkh Qkyrw vukt Fkk] mlus xzkeh.k vukt cSad esa /kku tek djuk 'kq: dj fn;kA tc t:jr iM+h fcuk dksbZ C;kt fn, bl cSad ls vukt fudky fy;k tkrkA tks Hkwfeghu Fks vkSj ftuds ikl Qkyrw NksfM+, oSls Hkh [kkus ds ykys iM+s jgrs Fks] muds fy, vukt ojnku cu dj vk;kA ysfdu Qly dh dVkbZ ds le; bUgsa Hkh etnwjh feyrh FkhA ml le; ftruk vukt cSad ls fy;k x;k Fkk] mlesa vk/kh ckYVh C;kt dk vukt tksM+dj iwjk okil djuk gksrk FkkA tks ugha dj ldrs Fks] muds fy, xkao dk lekt r; djrk Fkk fd muls vukt dh okilh u yh tk,A bl rjg xzkeh.k vukt cSad us Hkq[kejh ds lkFk gh xkao ds xjhcksa dks lkgwdkj ds paxqy ls Hkh cjh dj fn;kA vc mUgsa vkM+s oDr esa Hkkjh C;kt ij dtkZ ysus dh t:jr ugha jghA xkao dk lkgwdkj lw[ks ds fnuksa esa :i;ksa dh ctk; t:jreanksa dks vukt Hkh nsrk FkkA ysfdu og mls rhu eghuksa esa gh nwuh ek=k esa ykSVkuk gksrk FkkA bl dk;ZØe esa Hkkxhnkj xkaoksa dh rkRdkfyd vko';drkvksa dks ns[krs gq, ;g O;oLFkk Hkh j[kh xbZ fd tks ykHkkFkhZ gSa] os vukt ugha ns ldrs rks Jenku djsaA bl rjg okFkjyk xkao esa ,d eafnj vkSj vukt dk xksnke cuk;k x;kA ftUgsa ixkj nsuh Fkh] mUgsa og vukt ds :i esa gh nh xbZA ;g vukt C;kt ds :i esa tek gksrk&gksrk] vc dkQh tek gks x;k FkkA djhc 16 fDo.Vy /kku ^dkt ds cnys vukt* ds :i esa nsdj catqiq/kj xkao eas ,d ijaijkxr rkykc dk th.kksZ)kj fd;k x;kA bl rjg xkao&lekt dh t:jrksa dks ns[krs gq, vukt&cSad dh enn ls reke rjg ds dke Hkh pyus yxsA bu dkeksa ds cnys fngkM+h vkSj osru vukt ds :i esa gh fn;k tkrk gSA ikap lkyksa esa gh vukt&cSad esa dkQh rknkn esa vukt tek gks x;kA lu~ 1996 esa ^vkapfyd tu lsok vuq"Bku* us 220 fDo.Vy /kku izkIr fd;k vkSj ckaVkA blds ,d lky ckn] lu~ 1997 esa bls 253 fDo.Vy vukt okil feykA dqy feykdj vukt cSad esa tek djusokys xzkeh.kksa dh la[;k nl xquh c<+ xbZA 1999 esa tc eSa bl xkao esa x;k rks 1000 ifjokj xzkeh.k vukt cSad esa viuk ;ksxnku dj jgs FksA bl cSad ls ykHkkfUor gksus okys ifjokjksa dh la[;k Hkh 1066 gks xbZA ;s ifjokj 20 xkaoksa esa jgrs gSa vkSj ;s lHkh xkao bl dk;ZØe esa Hkkx ys jgs gSaA la[;k ls Hkh

vf/kd egRo gS bl ckr dk bu xzkeokfl;ksa us Hkw[k ls eqfDr dk jkLrk vius&vki [kkst fy;k gSA vkSj ;g ,d vuwBk lkekftd ekWMy cu x;k gSA dukZVd ds dksMkxq ftys esa tks 10 vukt cSad cus gSa] os lc ds lc ^dksvksijsfVo ,DV* ds varxZr iathÑr gSaA vc rks mUgsa pyrs gq, 30 lky gksus dks vk,A ;s vukt&cSad Hkh mlh fl)kar ij dke djrs gSa] ftldh geus igys ppkZ dh gSA gj ckj /kku dh dVkbZ ds ckn izR;sd lnL; ;gka ds vukt cSad esa de ls de 100 fdyksxzke /kku tek djrk gSA fnlacj&tuojh ds eghuksa esa t:jr iM+rh gS] ;k fQj tc Hkh t:jr iM+s rks ;gh lnL; dtZ ds :i eas bl cSad ls vukt fudyok ldrs gSaA ;g dtZ vxyh Qly dh dVkbZ ds ckn 12 izfr'kr C;kt ds lkFk okil djuk gksrk gSA ;g C;kt vukt ds :i esa gh fy;k tkrk gSA Qly dh dVkbZ dj ekSle [kRe gksus ij Qkyrw vukt eaMh esa csp fn;k tkrk gSA bl rjg tek&iwath dk 10 ls 12 izfr'kr rd lnL;ksa dks ykHkka'k ds :i esa okil fey tkrk gSA lg;ksx dh Hkkouk cksyufxfj dh rjg ;gka Hkh bruh izcy gS fd izR;sd lnL; dksMkxq ftys ds xkaoksa ds vukt cSad esa gj lky 10 fdyksxzke /kku ^e`R;q&dks"k* ds :i esa tek djrk gSA blds ihNs Hkkouk ;gh gS fd ifjokj esa fdlh dh ekSr gks tkus ij rsjgohsa ;k vU; t:jrksa ds fy, ml ifjokj dks vukt dh deh eglwl u gksA ;g xkaoksa es ,d&nwljs ds chp ?kfu"B laca/k gksus dk gh mnkgj.k gSa ;gh dkj.k gS fd ;gka vukt&cSad lQy fl) gq, gSaA lQyrk dk nwljk dkj.k ;g gS fd buds Åij ljdkj dh ijNkbZ ugha iM+hA vxj bl dk;ZØe dks ns'k ds nwljs Hkkxksa esa viukuk gS rks og xzke&iapk;rksa vkSj LoSfPnd laxBuksa ;k fQj nksuksa ds esy ls gh fd;k tk ldsxkA cksyufxfj vkSj dksMkxq dk ;g [kk|&lqj{kk&iz;ksx lpeqp bl ;ksX; gS fd ns'k ds nwljs Hkkxksa esa Hkh nqgjk;k tk,A ;g ckr vc iwjh rjg lkfcr gks pqdh gS fd vukt dks eq¶r esa ckaVus ls Hkw[k vkSj dqiks"k.k dks [kRe ugha fd;k tk ldrkA rRdky rks jkgr feysxh] ysfdu ;g Hkw[k vkSj dqiks"k.k dk chek ugha cu ldrkA vly esa [kk|&lqj{kk turk ds vius cwrs gh [kM+h dh tk ldrh gSA turk }kjk] turk ds fy,A t:jr gS rks lgh rjg dh izsj.kk dh vkSj lekt dh lsok djus vkSj mlesa Hkkxhnkjh dh izcy Hkkouk dhA

4 +Ñf"k vuqla/kku dh uhfr;ka gfjr&Økafr ds lqugjs fnuksa ls bDdhloha lnh esa izos'k ds le; rd nqfu;k us ,d yack lQj r; fd;k gSA bu 30 lkyksa esa [ksrhckM+h ^mÙke cku* ds iqjkus pyu ls fudydj O;kikj cu xbZA [ksrh dh 'kDy gh ugha cnyh] mldk fetkt Hkh cny x;k vkSj og Hkw[k feVkus dh ctk; ykyp feVkus esa tksrh tkus yxh] tc fd ykyp dk rks dksbZ var ugha gSA Ñf"k&vuqla/kku esa ljdkjh iwath&fuos'k dh nj fnuksafnu ?kVrh pyh xbZ vkSj futh {ks= ;gka Hkh gkoh gksus yxkA bl rjg Ñf"k vuqla/kku pkSjkgs ij vk x;k vkSj lksp esa iM+ x;k fd m/kj tk, ;k b/kj tk,A nqfu;k esa varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij Ñf"k vuqla/kku pykus ds fy, dqN Hkus ekuq"kksa us ^lh th vkbZ , vkj* vFkkZr~ dalYVsfVo xzqi vkWu b.Vjus'kuy ,xzhdUpqjy fjlpZ dh LFkkiuk dh FkhA varjkZ"Vªh; Ñf"k vuqla/kku dk ;g lykgdkj eaMy iwjs fo'o esa 16 varjkZ"Vªh; dqf"k vuqla/kku laLFkku pykrk gSA mUgsa foÙkh; lgk;rk nsrk gS vkSj os fdl fn'kk esa vuqla/kku djsa] bldk ekXkZn'kZu djrk gSA lHkh lnL; ns'k gj lky pank nsrs gSa vkSj bl rjg nqfu;k dh [kk| leL;k ls fuiVus ij lokaZxh.k n`f"Vdks.k ls vuqla/kku fd;k tkrk gSA blh varjkZ"Vªh; Ñf"k vuqla/kku ra= dk lqQy gS fd eSfDldks esa fLFkr ^flfeV* uke ls e'kgwj varjkZ"Vªh; xsgaw vkSj eDdk vuqla/kku dsUnz ls fudyh ckSus xsgwa dh fdLeksa vkSj ladj eDdk vkSj ladqy eDdk us] rFkk euhyk ds ikl ykl ckuql esa fLFkr bjhZ ds uke ls e'kgwj ^varjkZ"Vªh; /kku vuqla/kku laLFkku* ds ckSus /kkuksa us fo'o esa gfjr&Økafr dh fot; irkdk QgjkbZA Hkkjr esa gSnjkckn esa fLFkr ^bØhlsV* Hkh blh rjg v/kZ'kq"d {ks=ksa ds fy, ikap Qlyksa& puk] vjgj] eawxQyh] Tokj rFkk cktjk ij vuqla/kku dj jgk gSA ty izca/k ds laLFkku vkbZ-MCY;w-,e-vkbZ- dk eq[;ky; Jh yadk esa gSA vkyw dk yhek ¼is:½ esa gSA ouLifr laink ds laj{k.k dk laLFkku vkbZ-ih-th-vkj-vkbZ- jkse esa fLFkr gSA Hkkjr lfgr iwjh nqfu;k essa budh 'kk[kk,a vkSj dk;kZy; gSa] tgka lHkh ns'kksa ds jk"Vªh; Ñf"k ra= ds lkFk lg;ksx ls Ñf"k&leL;kvksa ds lek/kku [kkstus ds iz;kl djus dk y{; j[kk x;k FkkA Hkkjr ds lqizfl) Ñf"k oSKkfud Mk- vkj-,l-ijksnk ds iz;klksa ls Ñf"k&vuqla/kku dk ,d varjkZ"Vªh; eap cuk;k x;k& th-,Q-,-vkj- vFkkZr~ ^Xykscy Qksje QkWj ,xzhdYpqjy fjlpZ*A blesa LoSfPNd laxBuksa dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k x;k vkSj lh-thvkb-,-vkj ds laLFkkuksa dks HkhA tEkZuh esa MªslMu esa bldh cSBd gqbZ Fkh] ftlesa bl ys[kd us Hkh Hkkx fy;k FkkA

;gka irk pyk fd varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij d`f"k vuqla/kku esa fdruh mFky&iqFky py jgh gSA tgka dqN yksx bls vc Hkh fo'o dh d`f"k lsok esa yxk, j[kuk pkgrs gSa] ogha vejhdk tSls cM+s nkunkrk viuk gkFk [khapdj bl lEiw.kZ Ñf"k vuqla/kku ra= dks foÙkh; ladV esa Mky jgs gSaA fo'o cSad dk fVdkÅ fodkl dk mik/;{k lh-th-vkb-,-vkj dk v/;{k gqvk djrk gSA mlus lkQ dg fn;k fd vxj mlds usr`Ro dks pqukSrh nh xbZ rks fo'o cSad tks lgk;rk nsrk gS] ml ij iqufoZpkj djuk gksxkA ysfdu nku rks lHkh ns'k nsrs gSaA os fo'o cSad ds opZLo dks pqukSrh ns jgs gSaA ftls fofHkUu ljksdkfj;ksa ds chp d`f"k&vuqla/kku vkSj fodkl esa varjkZ"Vªh; lg;ksx ds eqÌkas ij fopkj&foe'kZ dgk tk jgk Fkk] vly esa og foÙkh; lalk/kuksa dh ryk'k dh is'kd'k FkhA lksyg varjkZ"Vªh; Ñf"k laLFkkuksa esa ls T;knkrj vkfFkZd ladV ls tw> jgs gSaA Ñf"k&dfeZ;ksa esas dVkSrh dh tk jgh gS vkSj lcls nq[kn igyw ;g gS fd futh daifu;ksa dk eaqg rkdk tk jgk gS fd os enn djsa vkSj vius eryc dk vuqla/kku djk,aA blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha gS fd vxj Ñf"k&mRikndrk esa Åaph mNkysa yxkuh gSa vkSj lu~ 2020 rd [kk|kUu dh vkiwfrZ vkSj thfodk&lqj{kk dk izca/k djuk gS] rks Ñf"k&vuqla/kku eas vfrfjDr iwath&fuos'k djuk gh gksxkA ysfdu ljdkjh iwath&lzksr lw[kus yxs gSa vkSj ^ijLij ykHk* ds fy, futh {ks= dks iwath yxkus ds fy, izksRlkfgr fd;k tk jgk gSA* ;gh gS [krjkA bl varjkZ"Vªh; Ñf"k vuqla/kku ra= ls vc rd lkexzh] rduhd vkSj tkudkjh fcuk fdlh :dkoV ds lkjh nqfu;k esa QSykbZ tk jgh FkhA ysfdu vc yxrk gS fd pkgs pkgs vkuqoaf'kd lalk/ku gksa ;k ubZ fdLesa vkSj ubZ Ñf"k&fof/k;ka vc os xjhc ns'kksa dks eq¶r easa ugha fey ik,axsaA bl rjg fVdkÅ Ñf"k fodkl ds iz;klksas dks /kDdk igqap jgk gS vkSj xzkeh.k xjhch feVkus] [kk| ,oa iks"k.k lqj{k rFkk thfodk&lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djus ds y{; v/kj esa yVd x, gSaA irk ugha dc fxj iM+s vkSj /kjk'kk;h gks tk,aA ;gka ,d ckr vkSj fopkj.kh; gS fd varjkZ"Vªh; dqf"k vuqla/kku laLFkkuksa esa Hkh lc dqN Bhd&Bkd ugha py jgkA nkunkrk ns'k ;gka viuk opZLo Hkh pkgrs gSa vkSj viuk ,ts.Mk HkhA lksygks Ñf"k laLFkkuksa esa Ñf"k&dfeZ;ksa dh la[;k Hkh cgqr vf/kd gSA buessa ls fdrus yksx ;ksa gh le; xaok jgs gSa vksj fdrus lpeqp dqN vPNk dke dj jgs gSa] ;g Hkh fookn ds ?ksjs esa gSaA 'kk;n fn'kkghurk Hkh gkoh gks xbZ gSA ikap lcls cM+s nkunkrk ns'k viuh /kksal tek, j[krs gSaA ;s ns'k gSa & vejhdk] dukMk] fczVsu] vkLVªsfy;k vkSj U;wthyS.MA vc buesa tkiku Hkh 'kkfey gks x;k gSA vly esa rks ;g iwjk ra= fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh enn ds fy, [kM+k fd;k x;k Fkk] fd ogka Ñf"k dh mRikndrk c<+s vkSj lkFk gh mudh izkÑfrd laink dk laj{k.k gksA ysfdu fodkl'khy ns'kksas dh Ñf"k dks viuh tfVyrk,a gSaA Hkkjr tSls ns'k rks bl varjkZ"Vªh; d`f"k ra= dk ykHk vius cy&cwrs ij mBk ik, vkSj Ñf"k esa LokoyEch cu x,A tcfd vQhzdk ds vf/kdrj ns'k vc Hkh Ñf"k&leL;kvksa ls tw> jgs gSaA Hkkjr ds lkeus Hkh ubZ leL;k,a vk jgh gSaA ysfdu varjkZ"Vªh; Ñf"k ra= dk orZeku 71

Lo:Ik fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh Ñf"k&leL;kvksa dks dgka rd lqy>k ik,xk] bl ij iz'u fpUg yx x;k gSA blesa cM+s nkunkrk ns'kksa dh Hkwfedk lafnX/k gks xbZ gSaA vejhdk rks bl ckr ls ckS[kyk gh mBk gS fd tks ns'k mlds ih-,y&480 ds xsgwa ij iyrs gq, mldh th&gqtwjh dj jgs Fks] os gh Ñf"k esa vkRefuHkZjrk izkIr djds vc mls eqag fp<+k jgs gSa vkSj vka[ksa fn[kk jgs gSaA varjkZ"Vªh; Ñf"k&ra= ij Nk;k ladV mudk viuk Hkh cuk;k gqvk gSaA mUgksaus dHkh vius Hkhrj >kaddj ugha ns[kk fd muds vanj D;k deh gSA D;ksa muds oSKkfudksa esa og tks'k ugha jgk vkSj D;ksa Ñf"k vuqla/kku <hyk iM+rk tk jgk gS\ ds cnyrs Ñf"k ifjn`'; esa viuh Ñf"k izkFkfedrk,sa cnyuk t:jh gks x;k gSA mnjkgj.k ds fy, Hkkjr esa gSnjkckn esa fLFkr bØhlSV ¼b.Vjus'kuy Øksi fjlpZ bUl~VhV~;wV QkWj n lseh ,fjM VªksfiDl*½ dks v/kZ'kq"d {ks=ksa dh Ñf"k fodflr djus dh ftEesnkjh lkSaih xbZ FkhA blesa dsoy Qlyksa dh mUur fdLesa fodflr djuk gh 'kkfey ugha Fkk] cfYd Ñf"k&mRikndrk c<+kus ds fy, vko';d izca/k&dkS'ky fodflr djuk] feV~Vh vkSj ikuh ij vuqla/kku djuk] lesfdr dhV izca/k djuk] feV~Vh ij jklk;fud vuqla/kku djuk] Ñf"k iz.kkfy;ksa dk /;ku j[kuk & ;g lc dqN 'kkfey FkkA ;g lwph cM+h yEch gSA ysfdu lp esa ns[kk tk, rks bØhlSV ds ikl lq/kjh fdLeksa ds vykok ,slk dqN [kkl ugha gS] ftls og miuh miyfC/k ds :Ik esa iznf'kZr dj ldsA ;s mUur fdLesas bØhlSV us jk"Vªh; Ñf"k ra= easa 'kkfey djus dh dksf'k'k t:j dh gSA dekscs'k ;gh ckr varjkZ"Vªh; eDdk vkSj xsgwa vuqla/kku dsUnz lh-vkbZ-,e-,e-okbZ-Vh- vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; /kku vuqla/kku laLFkku vkbZ-vkj-vkj-vkbZ- ij ykxw gksrh gSA vxj lh-th-vkb-,-vkj ds laLFkkuksa ds ikl mUur fdLeksa ds flok fn[kkus yk;d dqN Hkh ugha gS] rks ;s laLFkku Qly&iztuu ds laLFkku D;ksa ugha cu tkrs\ Qlyksa dh fdLeas lq/kkjus dk gh dke pyk;k tk, rks vk/ks ctV esa gh dke py tk,xk ;k 'kk;n mlls Hkh de [kpZ esaA rks D;ksa u ckdh vuqla/kku foHkkx can dj fn, tk,a\ blls tks foÙkh; ladV Nk x;k gS] mlls Hkh NqVdkjk feysxkA varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij Hkh fopkjksa dh nfjnzrk dk gky ;g gS fd ^Xykscy Qksje QkWj ,xzhdYpqjy fjlpZ* ¼thQkj½ esa pkj gh oSKkfud eqÌksa ds bnZ&fxnZ ppkZ ?kwerh jghA ;s eqÌs gSa % vkuqoaf'kd lalk/ku izca/ku vkSj tSo izkS|ksfxdh ¼ck;ksVSDuksyksth½( izkÑfrd lalk/ku izca/ku vksj Ñf"k&ikfjfLFkfrdh ¼bdksyksth½ xSj&ftal okyh Qlyksa dh J`a[kyk ds fy, varjkZ"Vªh; vuqla/kku rFkk uhfr&funsZ'ku vkSj laLFkkxr fodklA vly esa rks lkjk tksj tSoizkS|ksfxdh ij fn;k x;k] rkfd futh iwath&fuos'k dks c<+kok fn;k tk ldsA ;g Hkh ,sls le;] tc iwjh nqfu;k esa bl viq"V izkS|ksfxdh dks ysdj cgl fNM+h gqbZ gSA vly esa bl varjkZ"Vªh; Ñf"k vuqla/kku eap ij Ñ"kdksUeq[k vuqla/kku ij cy fn;k tkuk pkfg, rFkk ijaijkxr Kku vkSj yksdfoKku dh ppkZ dh tkuh pkfg, fd bls dSls ftank j[kk tk, vkSj bLrseky fd;k tk,A 72

vuqla/kku ds eq[; {ks= esa orZeku ljksdkjksa esa ls] cgqr ls 'kkfey fd, x, gSa] ysfdu foMEcuk ;g gS fd vuqla/kku ds y{; iwjs djus esa fn'kkghurk O;kIr gSA y{; ikus ds jkLrs gh xyr pqus x, gksa] rks fQj y{; rd igqapsaxs Hkh rks dSls\ mnkgj.k ds fy, nks 'kks/k&{ks= gh ysas& vkuqoaf'kd lalk/ku izca/k vkSj tSofofo/krk dk laj{k.kA tkfgj gS fd bu fu'kkuksa dks rHkh izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS] tc ,dyÑf"k jksdh tk,A gfjr&Økafr esa izpfyr ,d&lh Qly dh ,d gh mUur fdLe cM+s iSekus ij mxkus ls ,dyÑf"k ¼eksuksdYpj½ ds dkj.k ijaijkxr Qlysa vkSj mudh fdLesa xk;c gksus yxh FkhaA blls vkuqoaf'kd lEink dk Hkh laj{k.k Bhd ls ugha gks ik;k vkSj u tSofofo/krk cpkbZ tk ldhA vc fQj tSoizkS|ksfxdh Hkh ijks{k :Ik ls ,dyÑf"k dks gh c<k+ok nsuk pkgrh gS vkSj og Hkh csgn tksjnkj rjhds lsA fQj ge Ñf"k 'kks/k ds y{; dSls iwjs dj ik,axsA bl rjg dh vnwjnf'kZrk varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ls Vidrh gqbZ jk"Vªh; Lrj ij Hkh igqap tkrh gS] D;ksafd gekjs oSKkfud fopkjksa ds fy, if'pe dh vksj gh rkdrs jgrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, vkb-lh-,-vkj ¼Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn½ HkkÑvuqi ges'kk ogh nqgjkrk jgk gS] tks lh-th-vkb-,-vkj ds fo'o&ra= esa pyrk gSA gkykafd Hkk-Ñvuq-i ds ikl nqfu;k dk nwljk fo'kkyre Ñf"k ra= gS] ysfdu fQj Hkh vius Hkhrj >kaddj ns'kh Ñf"k iz.kkfy;ksa ls lcd ysus dh lksprk gh ugha] tc fd ns'kh Ñf"k iz.kkfy;ka 10&12 gtk+j lkyksa ls fVdkÅ [ksrh dh cqfu;kn jgh gSaA tc rd vkblh-,-vkj- fdlkuksa dks fl[kkus dh fgekdr NksM+dj fdlkuksa ls lh[kus dh vknr ugha Mkysxk vkSj fdlkuksa dks ukSflf[k;k le>rk jgsxk] rc rd Ñf"k&vuqla/kku ges'kk vius y{; ls fQlyrk vkSj HkVdrk jgsxkA Lo;a Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn Lora=rk ds ckn ls dkQh eksVkis dh f'kdkj gks xbZ gSaA oDr vk x;k gS tc bldh pchZ NaVuh pkfg, ugha rks ;g Hkh ^lQsn gkFkh* cu tk,xkA bl ij Hkh if'peh laLFkkuksa dh rjg futh {ks= dh YkYyks&pIiks djus dh ijNkbZa iM+ xbZ gS vkSj viuh 'kks/k&;kstuk,a ;g mUgha ds vuqdwy cukus yxk gSA lkFk gh 'kks/k ds Lrj ij dqN <hykiu vkSj lqLrh Hkh utj vkrh gSA Hkys gh bldk dkj.k ;g gks fd Ñf"k oSKkfudksas ds lkFk ljdkj lgh crkZo ugha dj ikbZ vkSj mudh mis{kk dh xbZ] ysfdu cnyrs] ifjn`'; esa Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn dks Hkh yhd ls gVdj pyuk gksxkA yhd ls gVdj pyus esa fnDdrsa rks vkrh gSa] ysfdu og vko';d gSA tks dfBukb;ka ifjorZu ykus esa varjkZ"Vªh; Ñf"k ra= ds lkeus vk jgh gSa] ogh Hkkjr ds jk"Vªh; ra= ds lkeus Hkh gSaA ljdkj rks ;ksa gh Ñf"k&'kks/k esa dksbZ [kkl fnypLih ugha j[krh vksj ekSdk feyrs gh cht&m|ksx dh rjg Ñf"k&'kks/k Hkh futh {ks= dks lkSai nsxhA Åij ls vxj Ñf"k oSKkfud Hkh lqLr gks x, rks fQj dkSu cpsxk fdlkuksa dk fgrS"kh bl ns'k esaA

frdM+eckth dk foKku ,d futh Vsyhfotu pkgh fd thfu;kxjh U;k;ky; dks djuk vkanksyudkjh fdlkuksa tyk fn;k FkkA

pSuy us lh- vkb- vkb- ds bl lq>ko ij esjh jk; tkuuh ¼tsusfVd bathfu;fjax½ ds ekeys ij vkf[kjh QSlyk loksZPp pkfg,A ;g eqÌk rc mBk Fkk] tc dukZVd esa dqN us [ksrksa esa mx jgs thukarfjr dikl ds ikS/kksa dks m[kkM+ dj

nwljs fnu eSaus v[kckj esa ,d [kcj i<+h rks eSa bl loky dh vlfy;r tku ik;kA bl fjiksVZ esa crk;k x;k Fkk fd vejhdk dk ,d izfrfuf/keaMy Hkkjr ds phQ+ tfLVl ls feyk Fkk vkSj mlesa tt vkSj oSKkfud feykdj dqy 10 vejhdh fo'ks"kK 'kkfey FksA ml le; Jh ts- ,l- vkuan phQ tfLVl FksA Jh vkuan dks bu vejhdh U;k;fonksa vksj oSKkfudksa us le>k;k fd ck;ksVSDuksyksth ds D;k&D;k Qk;ns gSaA bl lekpkj esa vejhdk ds ^vkbaLVkbu bULVhV~;wV QkWj lkbal ,.M gSYFk* ds v/;{k Mk- QzSadfyu ,e- Tohx rFkk vejhdh U;k;ky; ds gokys ls crk;k x;k Fkk fd ;g cSBd Hkkjrh; ttksa dks ;g le>kus ds fy, dh xbZ Fkh fd os U;k;ky;ksa esa vkSj U;k; iz.kkyh esa tu&lwpuk dk mi;ksx dSls djsaA bl vejhdh izfrfuf/k eaMy us Hkkjr ds phQ tfLVl dks vejhdk vkus dh nkor nh vkSj ;g lq>ko Hkh fn;k fd os Hkkjr ds ttksa ds fy, vejhdk esa bl fo"k; ij ^odZ'kkWi* vk;ksftr dj ldrs gSaA bl rjg mUgsa Vªkaltsfud Qlyksa vkSj thuksa rFkk ck;ksVSDuksyksth ds ckjs esa iwjh rjg ^f'kf{kr* fd;k tkuk FkkA bl vejhdh izfrfuf/keaMy esa vejhdk esa cls dqN Hkkjrh; ewy ds oSKkfud Hkh 'kkfey FksA mUgksaus ;g Hkh lq>ko fn;k fd thfu;kxjh ls tqMs+ ^uSfrd iz'uksa* dks ysdj fofo/k jk"Vªksa ds chp os le>kSrs Hkh djkuk pkgsasxsA blh rjg ds nkSjs bl vejhdh izfrfuf/keaMy us nqfu;k ds nwljs ns'kksa esa Hkh fd,] [kklrkSj ls fQfyihUl] nf{k.k vQzhdk] btjkby] bVyh] fczVsu] uhnjyS.M~l vkSj dukMk Hkh ;s yksx blh mÌs'; ls x,A yxHkx mUgha fnuksa Hkkjr esa fLFkfr fczfV'k dkSafly ds dk;kZy; us Ng ck;ksVSDuksyksth fo'ks"kKksa dh Vhe fczVsu ls cqykdj ^czkbV Likd~Zl* uke ls Hkkjr esa ,d dk;Zdze vk;ksftr fd;kA ;s oSKkfud Hkkjr ds vuds Hkkxksa esa fLFkr oSKkfud laLFkkuksa rFkk fo'ofo|ky;ksa vkSj dkystksa esa x,A budk mÌs'; ;g Fkk fd yksdfiz; O;k[;ku nsdj ck;skVSDuksyksth ds ckjs esa tkx:drk QSykbZ tk,A ;g dk;Zdze fczfV'k dkSafly fiNys dbZ o"kksZa ls vk;ksftr dj jgh gSA vius ns'k fczVsu esa ogka dh ljdkj dks miHkksDrkvksa ls ijkthuh [kk| inkFkksaZ dks ysdj dkQh [kjh&[kksVh lquuh iM+ jgh gS vkSj Hk;adj fojks/k dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gSA ;wjksi ds vU; ns'kksa esa Hkh turk vius Åij ck;ksVSd&QwM Fkksius ds f[kykQ vkokt cqyan dj jgh gSA fczVsu dh ljdkj fdlh rjg ck;ksVSd&m|ksx dks [kM+k j[kus ds iz;klksa esa tqVh gSA blh iz;kl dk ,d fgLlk Fkk ^czkbV Likd~lZ* dk;Zdze ftlds tfj, [klrkSj ls 74

ck;ksVSDuksyksth ds ckjs esa ^vf'kf{kr* gekjh ukSdj'kkgh vkSj jkt'kkgh dks ^f'kf{kr* djus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZA oSKkfud rks ;g le>krs gSa fd bl lnh ds vkxkeh <kbZ n'kdksa esa nqfu;k dk isV Hkjus ds fy, thfu;kxjh dk bLrseky djuk t+:jh gS vkSj b/kj Hkkjr ljdkj us fdlkuksa dks ;g le>kuk 'kq: fd;k gS fd os vukt okyh Qlyksa dh ctk; O;kikfjd Qlysa mxk;saA tc xksnkeksa esa tek Ng djksM+ Vu ls vf/kd vukt lM+us yxk rks ,Q- lh- vkb- us Hkh gkFk [kM+s dj fn, vkSj fdlkuksa ls pkoy&xsgwa& vkSj vU; Qlyksa dh ljdkjh [kjhn esa <hy Mkyuh 'kq: dj nhA m/kj eafM;ksa esa fdlku dh xk<+h esgur ls mxkbZ xbZ Qlyksa ds <sj yx x,A ljdkj vc fdlkuksa dks lykg ns jgh gS fd T+;knk er iSnk djksA vr% ;g Li"V gS fd ;k rks ljdkj [kk| ds ekspsZ ij mHkjh pqukSrh ls cs[kcj gS] ;k fQj oSKkfudksa dks tehuh lPpkb;ksa dk ugha irkA lPpkbZ ;g gS fd oSKkfud] [kklrkSj ls ck;ksVSDuksyksftLV viuh vuqla/kku'kkykvksa ls ijs ugha ns[k ikrsA mUgsa ;g vPNh rjg le> ysuk pkfg, fd cnyrs ifjn`'; esa tSoizkS|ksfxdh dks fodflr ns'kksa esa T+;knk ls T+;knk mRiknu djus ds lk/ku ds :i esa c<+kok fn;k tk jgk gSA nqfu;k esa dgha Hkh vuqla/kku ds bl {ks= dk mÌs'; fodkl'khy ns'kksa dk [kk|kUu&mRiknu c<+kuk vkSj d`f"k esa lq/kkj ykuk ugha gS] gkykafd bl rjg ds nkos cgqr fd, tkrs gSaA ftl rjg ls c<+rh vkcknh ds dkj.k fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa tksrksa dk vkdkj ?kVrk tk jgk gS vkSj NksVs fdlkuksas ij dtsZ dk cks> c<+rk tk jgk gS] mlesa ;g vk'kk djuk e`x&ejhfpdk gh ekuk tk,xk fd ;g izkS|kfxdh lk/kughu fdlkuksa dk m)kj djsxh vksj d`f"k esa mudk ?kVrk tk jgk Hkjkslk fQj ls etcwr cuk ik;sxhA Hkkjr tSls vf/kd tula[;k okys ns'k gh nqfu;k esa [kk|kUu&mRiknu c<+k ldrs gSaA ;gka vf/kdrj fdlku dsoy lk/kughu gh ugha gSa] mudh cktkj vkSj forh;&_.kksa rd Hkh iwjh igqap ugha gSA lkFk gh os lw[ks vkSj v/kZ'kq"d {ks=ksa esa jgrs gSa ;k fQj lh/kh <yku okys igkM+h bykdksa esaA ihNs ;g gqvk Fkk fd gfjr dzkafr vkbZ vkSj budh cxy ls gksdj xqtj xbZA bldk dkj.k ;g Fkk fd ftl izkS|ksfxdh us gfjr dzkafr iSnk dh og eagxh Fkh vkSj bu NksVs lk/kughu ckjkuh fdlkuksa dh t+ehusa vkSj d`f"k&tyok;q mlds vuqdwy ugha FkhA tSo izkS|kfxdh mudh eqlhcrsa vkSj Hkh T+;knk c<+k nsxhA ;s NksVs fdlku viuh ifjfLFkfr;ska ds vuqdwy izkS|ksfxdh viukdj gh vf/kd iSnkokj ys ldrs gSaA tSoizkS|ksfxdh esa fo'kky iwathfuos'k ls bu NksVs fdlkuksa dk dksbZ Hkyk ugha gksus okykA nwljh vksj ck;ksVSDuksyksth ls d`f"k&lq/kkj dh vk'kk,a blfy, Hkh /kwfey gks tkrh gSa] D;ksafd vf/kdrj tSo&rduhdsa vkSj muesa dke vkus okys oa'kk.kqvksa ds isVs.V cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa vkSj vehj ns'kksa ds ikl gSaA fdlkuksa rd lq/kjs cht igqapkus dh

d`f"k&iz.kkfy;ka Hkh c<+rs futhdj.k dh HksaV p<rh tk jgh gSaA budk iwjk /;ku O;kikfjd [ksrh ij gS] u fd NksVs fdlkuksa ijA bl le; vf/kdrj ofj"B 'kks/kdrkZ ck;ksVSd&daifu;ksa ls xBca/ku fd, cSBs gSa blfy, ,d rjg ls muds gkFk ca/ks gq, gSaA tks daifu;ka vuqla/kku ds fy, djksM+ksa dh /kujkf'k ns jgh gSa] os vuqla/kku ls fudys mi;ksxh ifj.kkeksa ij viuk vf/kdkj D;ksa NksM+us yxhaA fczVsu dh jkW;y lkslk;Vh dk mnkgj.k gekjs lkeus gSA lu~ 1948 esa LdkWVyS.M ds ,d 'kks/kdrkZ oSKkfud dks vdkj.k gh ukSdjh ls fudky fn;k x;kA mlds ckjs esa ehfM;k esa dkQh fjiksVsZa vkbaZ fd mlds lkFk fdl rjg vU;k; fd;k x;kA mlds 'kks/kdk;Z ds urhts ck;ksVSd&daifu;ksa ds fgrksa ds fo:) tk jgs FksA vr% daiuh ds xqyke oSKkfudksa us ml ij geys fd, fd mlus eux<ar vkadM+s bdës dj fy, gSaA jkW;y lkslk;Vh fo'o esa oSKkfudksa dh lcls lekn`r laLFkk gSA mlus Hkh daiuh dk gh i{k fy;k vkSj ehfM;k dks yrkM+k fd os lkslk;Vh }kjk uketn oSKkfudksa dh jk; gh Nkik djsaA vktdy jktusrk vkSj cM+h&cM+h daifu;ka ^lkm.M lkbal* djus ij t+ksj nsrh gSaA igys bldh txg ^xqM lkbal* dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk FkkA bl rjg ^dY;k.kdkjh foKku* dh txg ^;qfDr;qDr foKku* us ys yhA tc izfrdwy ifj.kke lkeus vkrs gSa] rks mls ^lkm.M lkbal* ugha ekuk tkrk vkSj mlesa dksbZ u dksbZ nks"k fudkyk tkrk gSA bl lkft'k esa os ljdkjh ,tsafl;ka Hkh dbZ ckj 'kkfey gks tkrh gSa] ftu ij vly esa tu&dY;k.k dks loksZifj egRo nsus dh ftEesnkjh lkSaih xbZ gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, vejhdk ds ^QwM ,.M Mªx ,MfefuLVªs'ku* ¼FDA½ us thukarfjr [kk| inkFkksaZ dk i;kZoj.k ij D;k vlj iMs+xk] bl loky dks Vky gh fn;kA cgqr ckj bl rjg ds ekeyksa ij tkus&ekus fo'ks"kKksa dh jk; u ysdj dqN NqVHkb;ksa ls lykg dj yh tkrh gS] tks vDlj eksVh jde ds cnys esa daifu;ksa dk fgr lk/kus okyh jk; nsdj viuk bZeku fxjoh j[kus esa ugha fgpdrsA Hkkjr esa Hkh ljdkj dk ck;ksVSDuksyksth fMikVZes.V ljs vke dgrk fQj jgk gS fd eksalk.Vks&ekfgdks }kjk cspk tk jgk ^Ckh- Vh& dikl* fcydqy fujkin gS vkSj mldk i'kq ;k ekuo&LokLF; ij dksbZ cqjk vlj ugha iMs+xkA ;s ?kks"k.kk,a vuqla/kkudrkZvksa }kjk fd, x, ijh{k.kksa ds ifj.kke vkus ls igys gh dj nh xbZ FkhaA ysfdu blls Hkh fparktud ckr ;g gS fd turk dh iawth ls py jgs laLFkkuksa vkSj fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds vf/kdrj oSKkfud bl elys ij pqIih lk/ks jgsA oSKkfud gh lp cksyuk NksM+ nsaxs] rks bl ns'k dk D;k gksxkA ;g vk/kqfud foKku dk lcls cM+k ladV gSA

lM+ka/k dk HkaMkQksM+ gkykafd vusd LoSfPNd laxBuksa us vkokt mBkbZ Fkh] fQj Hkh Hkkjr ds fdlkuksa ij ^chVh dikl* ykn fn;k x;kA blds ihNs tks oSKkfud lM+ka/k QSyh gS] mldk Hk.MkQksM+ gks pqdk gSA vly esa bldh iwjh tkap gksuh pkfg,] ugha rks oSKkfud laxBuksa ls Hkh turk dk fo'okl mBk tk,xkA rhu lky rd ;gka&ogka fd, x, NqViqV ijh{k.kksa ds ckn Hkkjr ljdkj ds tSo izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx us ?kks"k.kk dj nh fd chVh dikl ij fd, x, ijh{k.k lQy jgs gSa vkSj vc bldh O;kikfjd [ksrh dh tk ldrh gSA ;g ns'k esa [ksrh ds fy, vkf/kdkfjd rkSj ij tkjh dh xbZ igyh ijkthuh Qly gSA ekfgdks us ^ch- Vh dikl* dk cht cukus vkSj cspus dh vuqefr ekaxh Fkh] tks fd ^egkjk"Vª gkbfczM lhM dEiuh* ds uke ls cht&O;kikj esa layXu gS vkSj bl {ks= dh lcls cM+h Hkkjrh; daiuh gSA blus cgqjk"Vªh; cht daiuh eksalk.Vks ds lkFk xBca/ku fd;k gqvk gSA Mh- ch- Vh us ijh{k.kksa dh fjiksVZ i;kZoj.k ,oa ou ea=ky; dh ^th- bZ- ,- lh* vFkkZr ^tsusfVd bathfu;fjax ,izwoy desVh* dks Hksth] ftlus fooknkLin ^chVh dikl* dk cht fdlkuksa dks cspus dh btktr nsus esa dksbZ nsj ugha yxkbZA bl rjg Hkkjr esa ijkthuh Qlyksa ds izos'k ds }kj [kksy fn, x,A bl dikl esa ch- Vh ;kuh ^cslhyl Fkwfjaft,afll* uked thok.kq dk og thu ;kuh oa'kk.kq Mkyk x;k gS] ftlds ckjs esa ;g nkok fd;k tkrk gS fd og dikl ds gkfudj dhVksa dks ekjus okyk tgj iSnk djrk gSA blds ijh{k.k igys&igy lu~ 1998 esa fd, x, FksA Mh- ch- Vh ¼fMikVZes.V vkWQ ck;ksVSDuksyksth½ }kjk LFkkfir ^eksuhVfjax ,.M bosyq,'ku desVh* ¼,e- bZ- lh-½ dh Lohd`fr ds ckn ^vkj- lh- th,e* ;kuh ^fjO;w desVh QkWj tsusfVd eSuhiqys'ku* dh jk; yh xbZA var esa ^th- ,lh* dh Lohd`fr izkIr dh xbZA jkT; ljdkj us Lohd`fr nsus esa nsj yxkbZ] blfy, lu~ 1999 esa Qly nks eghus nsj ls cksbZ xbZ FkhA fQj Hkh ifj.kke ldkjkRed fudys! ;g dSls gqvkA D;k cqvkbZ esa nsjh dk ^ch- Vh- dikl ds chtksa ds vadqj.k ij cqjk vlj ugha iM+k\ ysfdu dikl dh cqvkbZ vkSj [ksrh dh oSKkfud flQkfj'kksa dh vuns[kh dj ds lHkh desfV;ksa dks ijh{k.kksa ds ifj.kke ^larks"ktud* yxs! vxys lky fQj ls Qly rhu eghus nsjh ls cksbZ xbZ] fQj Hkh ifj.kke larks"ktud fudys! bl izdkj ^ch- Vh- dikl* dks nh xbZ ljdkjh Lohd`fr furkUr voSKkfud gSA vxj rhu eghus nsjh ls cksus ij Hkh ch- Vh- dikl dh Qly us vf/kdre mit nh] rks fQj dikl ds fo'ks"kK fdlkuksa dks rhu eghus nsjh ls Qly cksus dh flQkfj'k D;ksa ugha djrsA ftl rjg ls ekewyh NqViqV iz;ksxksa ds vk/kkj ij ekfgdks dks ^chVh- dikl* dk cht cukus dh NwV nh xbZ] oSlk gh d`f"k&laLFkkuksa vkSj fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds oSKkfudksa ls D;ksa ugha djk;k tkrk\ mUgsa D;ksa ubZ fdLe dk cht 77

fdlkuks rd igqapkus esa 10&15 lky yxrs gSa\ ,d ekSle esa mxkbZ xbZ Qly ds vk/kkj ij gh Hkkjrh; d`f"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn ds fo'ks"kKksa dh og 'krZ Hkh iwjh gks xbZ] ,slk eku fy;k x;k] ftlesa ^ch- Vh- dikl* ds i;kZoj.k ij nh?kZdkfyd izHkko ij[kus ds fy, dgk FkkA ;s reke [kkfe;ka bl lM+ka/k dh vksj gh b'kkjk djrh gSa] tks ns'k ds oSKkfud ra= esa QSyrh tk jgh gSA ;s yksx ;g Hkh dgrs jgs gSa fd ^ch- Vh- dikl* bl Qly dh lHkh dhVO;kf/k;kas dk bykt ugha gS] cfYd ^,dhd`r uk'khtho izca/ku* ¼vkb- ih- ,e½ dk vax gSA ysfdu og vkb- ih- ,e&iz.kkyh dHkh [kksydj ugha crkbZ xbZ] ^ch- Vh- dikl* Hkh ftldk fgLlk crk;k tkrk gSA vly esa d`f"k ea=ky; us dikl esa ^vkbZ- ih- ,e* dks c<+kok nsus okyk dksbZ Hkh dk;Zdze pyk;k gks] ,slk gekjs ns[kus esa rks ugha vk;kA tc ^thbZ- ,- lh* dks e/;izns'k ds mu 1100 fdlkuksa dk gokyk fn;k x;k ftUgksaus fcuk jlk;uksa ds dikl dh lQy [ksrh dh gS] vkSj vPNh mit ys jgs gSa] rks lfefr ds lnL; oSKkfudksa us bl ckjs esa iwjh vufHkKrk izdV dhA foMEcuk ;g gS fd ftl rjg gekjs jktusrk turk ls dV x, gSa] oSls gh gekjs oSKkfud Hkh tehuh tqM+ko Hkwy x, gSaA fQj Hkh tSoizkS|ksfxdh dks yidus ds fy, oSKkfud rS;kj gSaA viuh ukSdjh cpkus ds fy, os Hkh oSKkfud&vuqla/kku esa ?kVrs iwath&fuos'k ls Hk;Hkhr gksdj futh daifu;ska ls Q.M tqVkus esa dksbZ cqjkbZ ugha le>rsA foKku vkSj m|ksx ds chp dh foHkktu&js[kk fujarj /kqa/kyh iM+rh tk jgh gS vkSj iz;ksx'kkyk,a m|ksx dh pkdjh esa xoZ vuqHko dj dj jgh gSaA Lo;a oSKkfud gksus ds dkj.k eq>s bl nk#.k ifjfLFkfr ij cM+k nq[k gksrk gS fd fdl rjg gekjh oSKkfud laLFkkvksa dk iru gksrk tk jgk gS vkSj lhuk Bksaddj lpkbZ dgus okys oSKkfud brus de gSa fd vaxqfy;ksa ij fxus tk ldrs gSaA

xqykcksa dh lst ugha lu~ 1990 ds ckn ds n'kd ds e/; dh ckr gS] tc [ksrh esa Qwyksa dh ped&ned Nkus yxhA ljdkj us Hkh c<+kok fn;k vkSj [kq'kcw vkSj [kwclwjrh dh [ksrh ljiV nkSM+rh gqbZ] dkQh {ks= esa QSy xbZA bl iq"Ik&'kfDr ds eksg esa dukZVd] if'pe caxky] rfeyukMq] vkU/zk izns'k vkSj egkjk"Vª rks eneLr gq, gh] blls Vidrs Mkyjksa dh [kq'kcw ls Ñf"k dh n`f"V ls loksZUur jkT; gfj;ka.kk Hkh f[kapk pyk vk;kA xsgwa ls xqykcksa dh vksj bl nkSM+ easa gfj;k.kk us Åaph mNkysa ekjhaA ogka iq"Ik&Ñf"k dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy, dqN [kkl dne mBk, x,A xqynkmnh ¼fØlsaFkhee½ mxkus ds fy, 1600 izn'kZu yxkus ds okLrs gfj;k.kak esa xqynkmnh dh 200]000 ikS/k eq¶r ckaVh xbZaA blh rjg xqykcksa dh mUur fdLeksas dh 10]000 ikS/k forfjr dh xbaZA bjknk ;g Fkk fd fdlku dksbZ 2200 gSDVj esa Qwyksa dh [ksrh djus yxsaA ysfdu bl bjkns esa ;g ugha lkspk x;k fd vxj vPNh mitkÅ tehu ij vuktksa 78

dh txg Qwyksa dh [ksrh gksus yxh] rks bl xsgwa&/kku {ks= esa igys ls Mxexkrh fVdkÅ [ksrh dh uS;k dk D;k gksxk\ blls rks [kk|&lqj{kk ds lkjs ealwcs gh Qwyksa dh [kq'kcw dh rjg gok gks tk,axsA vejhdh Mkyjksa ds ykyp esa dukZVd us iq"iks|kfudh esa lcls vkxs jgus dh Bku yhA rRdkyhu iz/kkuea=h Jh ,p-Mh-nsoxkSMk us lu~ 1995 esa gh ^fuxeh; Ñf"k* ¼dksiksZjsV QkfeZax½ ds cht cks fn, FksA bl rjg rHkh ls [kk|kUu dh txg uxnh okyh Qlyksa dh vksj >qdko 'kq: gks x;k Fkk] ftlesa Qwyksa dh [ksrh Hkh 'kkfey FkhA Hkwfe&lhek esa <hy nsdj dksbZ 108 ,dM+ rd tehu [kjhnus dh NwV nh xbZA blh rjg vusd ljdkjh ,tsafl;ksa ls dgk x;k fd os O;kikfjd [ksrh djus okyksa dh enn djsaA tSls fd jk"Vªh; ckxokuh cksMZ us ckxokuh djus okyksa ds fy, vusd izdkj ls izksRlkgu nsus ds fy, foÙkh; lgk;rk nsuk 'kq: fd;kA blesa Qwyksas dh [ksrh ds fy, xzhugkml cukuk vkSj nwljs cqfu;knh lk/ku fodflr djuk 'kkfey FkkA dbZ rjg dh NwV vkSj fj;k;rsa nh xbZA gj lky iq"iÑf"k ¼¶yksjhdYpj½ dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, 10 vjc #i;s dh iwath yxkus dk fu'p; fd;k x;kA bl /ku&izokg esa Nqih gqbZ Fkh [kk| lqj{kk dks Mqcksus dh lkft'k vkSj Ik;kZoj.k dh gkfuA bl ij utj xbZ caxykSj esa gh fLFkr ;wfuofLkZVh vkWQ ,xzhdYpqjy lkbalst+ ¼;w , ,l½ ds nks oSKkfudksa Mk-Vh-,u-izdk'k vkSj Mk-rstfLouh dhA mUgksaus caxykSj vkSj mlds vklikl QSys ¶yksjhdYpj&izHkko ij ,d fjiksVZ rS;kj dh]tks iq"iÑf"k ls eksfgr jktusrkvksa dh vka[ksa [kksyus ds fy, dkQh gSA mUgksaus xqykcksa dh ckxokuh dks vius v/;;u dk fo"k; cuk;kA blesa mUgksaus Li"V fd;k fd dukZVd dh ubZ Ñf"k&uhfr esa tgka vkfFkZd fodkl vkSj vkfFkZd n{krk ij tksj fn;k x;k gS] ogha lkekftd vkSj Ik;kZoj.kh; fVdkÅiu dh mis{kk dh xbZ gSA gkWySaM esa iq"iÑf"k nqfu;k esa lcls T;knk gksrh gSA Qwyksa dh varjkZ"Vªh; eaMh Hkh ogha gSA ysfdu Qwyksa dh [ksrh us ogka dh tehusa bruh [kjkc dj nha fd os [ksrh ds dkfcy gh ugha jghaA dhVukf'k;ksa vkSj moZjdksa us feêh vkSj ikuh esa Hkkjh iznw"k.k iSnk dj fn;kA ;gka rd fd ogka ds ukxfjdksa ds LokLF; ds fy, [krjk iSnk gks x;kA fQj Hkh gkySa.M ftls uhnjyS.M Hkh dgrs gSa vkSj tgka ds fuoklh Mp dgs tkrs gSa] mUgksaus fo'o esa Qwyksa ds O;kikj esa viuk opZLo cuk, j[kus ds fy, ,d vklku jkLrk fudkykA mUgkasus ns[kk fd Hkkjr tSls ns'k fons'kh iwathfuos'k ds fy, iyd&ikaoM+s fcNk, [kMs+ gq, gSa] rks mUgksaus vius iq"Ik&m|ksx dks nwljs ns'kksa esa Qsykus dh j.kuhfr jphA vc gkWyS.M Hkkjr ds m|ksxifr;ksa vkSj O;kikfjd ?kjkuksa dks ikS/k lkexzh vkSj <kapkxr lgkjk ns jgk gSA ,d ckj tc Qwy rS;kj gks tkrs gSa rks mudh fcØh dh ftEesnkjh Mp daifu;ka ys ysrh gSaA bl Qwyksa dh [ksrh esa vxj dukZVd dh tehusa cjckn gksrh gksa rks gksa] mudh cyk lsA tcfd vius ;gka os 'kksj Hkh cnkZ'r ugha djrsA fØlel ds fnuksa esa ;wjksi esa xqykcksa dh cM+h ekax jgrh gSA tc caxykSj ls xqykcksa ls ynk Hkkjrh; foeku gkyS.M esas fØlel dh ekax dk Qk;nk mBkus ds fy, igqapk rks gkyS.M dh ljdkj us ;g dgdj fd foeku 'kksj 79

T;knk dj jgk gS] mls ogka mrjus gh ugha fn;k vksj gkjdj caxykSj ds xqykc&O;kikfj;ksa dks foeku okil ykuk iM+k vkSj xqykc ns'kh cktkj esa lLrs nkeksa ij cspus iM+sA xqykc tSls Qwyksa dh [ksrh esa izfr gSDVj 60]000 rd ikS/ks mxk, tkrs gSaA bu Qwyksa dks varjkZ"Vªh; ekudksa ds fglkc ls mxk;k tkrk gS] blfy, Ñf"k jlk;uksa dh va/kk/kqa/k fiykbZ dh tkrh gSA Qwyksa dks dhVO;kf/k;ksa vksj jksxksa ls cpkus ds fy, gj g¶rs nks ckj dhVuk'kh nokvksa dk fNM+dko djuk rks ekewyh ckr gSA blh rjg izfr gSDVj 47 Vu ls vf/kd jklk;fud moZjd vkSj 108 Vu [kkn yxkuh gksrh gSA blds vfrfjDr izfr gSDVj 212 ,dM+&bap ikuh Hkh yxkuk gksrk gSA bl rjg Hkwty dk cM+k Hkkjh nksgu fd;k tkrk gSA ;g [kk|kUu okyh Qlyksa dh flapkbZ dh rqyuk esa pkj xquk T;knk gSA bl rjg dh l?ku [ksrh dh dher feV~Vh vkSj ikuh dh Ik;kZoj.kh; gkfu esas pqdkuh iM+rh gSA tehuksa dh mitkÅ 'kfDr ?kVrs&?kVrs bruh de gks tkrh gS fd muds catj gksus dk [krjk iSnk gks tkrk gSA blls Hkwfexr is;ty Hkh izHkkfor gksrk gSA mlesa Hkh dhVukf'k;ksa vkSj jklk;fud moZjdksa dk tgj fey tkrk gS vkSj fQj og ihus yk;d ughas jgrkA bl rjg vkf[kj esa Qwykasa dh [ksrh okyh tehusa csdkj gks tkrh gSa vkSj [ksrh ds yk;d ugha jgrhaA fQj Hkh vxj vki vius Hkkjrh; vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa ls iwNsaxs] rks os ;gh dgsaxs fd xqykcksa dh [ksrh] nwljh [ksrh ls T;knk equkQk nsrh gSA ftl ckr dh os yksx mis{kk djrs gSa] og ;g gS fd vukt ds mRiknu ds fy, dukZVd ljdkj us oSlh cqfu;knh lqfo/kk,a dgka nh gSaA Mk- izdk'k vkSj Mk- rstfLouh us Qwykasa dh [ksrh ds daI;wVj&ekWMy cukdj ;g urhtk fudkyk fd ftrus lalk/ku vkSj ftruk iwath fuos'k ,d gSDVj esa xqykc mxkus ij fd;k tkrk gS] ogh vuktksa dh [ksrh ds fy, miyC/k djk;k tk, rks 4]274 Vu vfrfjDr vukt vkSj 200]000 Je&fnol dk vfrfjDr jkstxkj l`ftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA vkSj ;fn xqykcksa ls fons'kh eqnzk dh dekbZ dh gh vuktksa ds fu;kZr ls rqyuk dh tk, rks mrus Mkyj dekus ds fy, dsoy 1256 Vu vukt gh fu;kZr djuk gksxkA bl rjg vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd lqj{kk rFkk i;kZoj.kh; lqj{kk dh n`f"V ls Qwyksa dh [ksrh dh ctk; vuktksa dh [ksrh gh pquh tk,] ;g oSKkfud v/;;u ls fl) gks pqdk gSA fQj Hkh gekjs ns'k esa Ñf"k&uhfr fuekZrk Hkyk blls dksbZ lcd D;ksa ysus yxsA mUgsa rks Qwyksa dh [ksrh dk Mp ekWMy viukus dh /kqu yxh gqbZ gSA blds fy, os viuh rduhdsa Hkh ugha fodflr djuk pkgrsA lh/ks gkWyS.M dh izkS|ksfxdh dks ns'kh tehuksa esa jksi nsuk pkgrs gSaA lu~ 1988 esa jk"Vªh; cht uhfr dh ?kks"k.kk ds ckn ls gh ns'k esa Qwyksa dk m|ksx iuik vkSj Qwykasa ds cht ckgj ls eaxk, tkus yxsA buds lkFk de ls de 40 ubZ chekfj;ka vkSj dhVO;kf/k;ka Hkkjr esa izos'k dj xbZaA vius ns'k esa ukxfjdksa ds fojks/k ds ckn gkyS.M us gfjr&Økafr dh tUeHkwfe Hkkjr dks viuh Qwyksa dh [ksrh fu;kZr dj nh] tc fd mldk vlyh Qk;nk muds vius Qwyksa ds O;kikj dks gksxkA gka] ;gka ds dqN vehj ?kjkus vkSj Hkh vehj gks tk,axsA

;gh ugha] gkyS.M fdlh Hkh dher ij fo'o ds iq"i cktkj esa viuk opZLo cuk, j[kuk pkgrk gS vkSj Hkkjrh; Qwy O;kikfj;ksa dks ges'kk nks;e ntsZ ij j[krk gSA Hkkjr ls Hksts tkusokys rkts dVs Qwyksa ij ;wjksih la?k us 14 izfr'kr dh dLVe M~;wVh yxk j[kh gSA bl rjg ls varjkZ"Vªh; eaMh esa Hkkjrh Qwy cspuk eagxk lkSnk iM+rk gS vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; izfr;ksfxrk esa Hkkjr dk Qwy&O;kikj fiNM+ jgk gSA vejhdk us Hkh ,slh gh lkft'k djds lu~ 1994 esa dksyfEc;k ds Qwy&mRikndksa dks uqDlku igaqpk;k FkkA mu ij 34 izfr'kr ^,.Vh MfEiax VSDl* Bksad fn;k x;k A tcfd mÙkjh vejhdk esa lcls T;knk xqykc dksyfEc;k ds gh fcdrs gSaA bl rjg ogka xqykcksa dh [ksrh djus okys dksbZ 40]000 [ksr&etnwjksa dh jksth&jksVh [krjs esa iM+ xbZA

cht vkyw Hkh ckgj ls eaxkvks! Qwyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa ds ckn vc ckjh gS vkyw dhA Hkkjr ljdkj ij futh cht m|ksx cjkcj ;g ncko cuk, gq, gS fd cht&vkyw ds mRiknu ds fy, ljdkj mUgsa ckgj ls vkyw dh fdLesa vk;kr djus dh btktr ns nsA bldk eryc gS fd fons'kh vkyw ds lkFk reke rjg ds gkfudkjd dhM+ksa vkSj jksxksa dks Hkkjr esa izos'k djus dh nkor nsukA vk'p;Z dh ckr ;g gS fd ;g ekax ml ns'k esa mBkbZ tk jgh gS tks x`g;q) dh yiVksa esa f?kjs j~ok.Mk ns'k esa vkyw dh mtM+h [ksrh dks fQj ls gfjk;kus ds fy, dqN lky igys gh cht&vkyw dh ekax iwjh dj pqdk gSA j~ok.Mk esa vkyw gh yksxksa dk eq[; Hkkstu gSA Hkkjr us j~ok.Mk dh enn ds fy, ogka vkyw dk ^lPpk cht* rS;kj djus dh viuh rduhd Hkh igaqpkus dh is'kd'k dhA ;g rduhd lh th vkb , vkj ;kuh varjkZ"Vªh; Ñf"k vuqla/kku ds lykgdkj ea.My dh ekQZr igqapkus dk izLrko j[kk x;kA vkyw dk ^lPpk cht* ml ij yxus okys VekVj&tSls Qyksa ls fudkyk tkrk gSA tgka dan ls cht&vkyw bLrseky djus ij iwjk Vªd Hkjds vkyw ykuk iM+sxk] oghas lPps cht ls vkyw dh [ksrh djus ij mruk cht vki viuh tsc esa Hkj dj yk ldrs gSaA ;g rduhd Hkkjr ds nwj&njkt ds igkM+h bykdksa esa /khjs&/khjs izpfyr gks jgh gSA rks] ftu fnuksa Hkkjr vius cht&vkyw ls yqVs&fiVs&jok.Mk dks jkgr igqapk jgk Fkk] mUgha fnuksa Hkkjr ds futh cht&m|ksx us ;wjksi vkSj vejhdk ls vkyw dh fdLesa eaxkus dh ekax mBkbZA og rks vPNk gqvk fd Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn ¼vkb lh , vkj½ ds rRdkyhu egkfuns'kd Mk-vkj-,l-ijksnk us rqjar bldk fojks/k fd;k] ugha rks vc rd rks Hkkjr esa vkyw dh fons'kh fdLeksa dh Hkjekj gks xbZ gksrh vkSj muds lkFk vkbZ fons'kh chekfj;ka vkSj dhVO;kf/k;ka gekjh [ksrh dks pkSiV dj pqdh gksrhaA ;gh ugha Hkkjr dk vkyw&vuqla/kku vkSj vkyw dh Økafr Hkh /kjk'kk;h gks xbZ gksrhA ml le; dsaUnzh; Ñf"k ea=h Jh cyjke tk[kM+ Fks] tks fd fons'kh chtksa ds cM+s fgek;rh gSaA os rks cht&m|ksx dh ekaax ds lkeus ,d rjg ls ?kqVus Vsd pqds 81

FksA ysfdu tc Mk- ijksnk us fojks/k dh vkokt cqyan dh] rks iwjs eqÌs ij fopkj djus ds fy, ,d fo'ks"kK&lfefr fu;qDr djuh iM+hA bl lfefr us iwjs vkadM+ksa ds lkFk ;g urhtk fudkyk fd ckgj ls vkyw dh fdLesa eaxkus dh dksbZ t:jr ugha gSA blls igys lu~ 1988 esa ubZ cht&uhfr dh ?kks"k.kk djds rRdkyhu Hkkjr ljdkj us [kklrkSj ls Qwyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa ds cht ckgj ls eaxkus ds fy, Hkkjr ds }kj [kksy fn, FksA gkykafd ml cht&uhfr dk Hkh oSKkfudksa us fojks/k fd;k Fkk] ysfdu mudh vkokt vulquh dj nh xbZA gkykafd bl cht&uhfr esa Hkh ;g O;oLFkk dh xbZ Fkh fd ckgj ls eaxk;k tkus okys chtksa ds uewus igys ûs'kuy C;wjks vkWQ Iyk.V tsusfVd fjlkslsZt+ ¼,u-ch-ih-th-vkj½ dks Hksts tk,axsA ;gka mudh tkap djds ns[kk tk,xk fd chtksa ds lkFk dksbZ jksx] dhVO;kf/k ;k [kjirokj rks ugha vk jgkA ysfdu cht&O;kikfj;ksa us bldh drbZ ijokg ugha dhA ;ksa dgus dks rks gj gokbz vM~Ms ij ckgj ls vkus okyh ikS/k&lkexzh rHkh vkus nh tkrh gS] tc mlds ikl cuh Îyk.V&DoSjaVhu* ;kuh îkni&laxjks/k* dh iz;ksx'kkyk esa mls tkap fy;k tk,A ysfdu Hkkjr ds dLVe&foHkkx esa O;kIr Hkz"Vkpkj ds pyrs dkSu bldh ijokg djrkA bl rjg Qwyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa ds cht ,u ch ih th vkj vkSj Iyk.V DoSjaVhu foHkkx dh utj cpk dj yk, x, vkSj muds lkFk dksbZ 100 fons'kh jksx vkSj dhVO;kf/k;ka Hkh vk xbZaA buesa ls cgqr ls fodV :i /kkj.k dj pqds gSaA psUubZ esa fLFkr ^LokfeukFku~ fjlpZ Qkm.Ms'ku* esa ^buosfto ,fy;u Lih'kht* ¼vkb-,-,l½ ij fczVsu dh Ñf"k laLFkk lh , ch b.Vjus'kuy ds lg;ksx ls ,d varjkZ"Vhª; lEesyu vk;ksftr fd;k x;k FkkA bl lEesyu esa lHkh us ;g Lohdkj fd;k fd ,slh Hk;adj Hkwy vkxs nqgjkbZ u tk,A ;gka ij ckgj ls vc rd vk, reke [kjirokjksa] dhVO;kf/k;ksa vkSj jksxksa ds ckjs esa tks vkadMsa fn, x,] muls irk pyk fd gj ckj vjcksa :i;ksa dk uqdlku djus okys lSadM+ksa vkØe.kdkjh jksxk.kq Hkkjrh; fdlku vkSj Ñf"k O;OLFkk ds nq'eu cus gq, gSaA bu u, jksxksa vkSj dhVO;kf/k;ksa ls fuiVus esa vkb lh , vkj ds Ñf"k oSKkfudksa dks Ñf"k&vuqla/kku ij gh vxys dbZ lkyksa rd vjcksa #i, [kpZ djus iMs+xsaA vxj cht m|ksx ds lkeus >qddj dgha ljdkj us ckgj ls vkyw eaxkus dh gkeh Hkj nh rks u tkus fdrus okbjl ;kuh fo"kk.kq vkSj nwljs jksxk.kq vk tk,axsa vkSj mlh rjg vkyw dh ns'kh [ksrh dks pkSiV dj nsaxs tSls vaxzstksa ds tekus esa ^xzsV LdkWV* uked vkyw dh fons'kh fdLe ds lkFk vk, ^xksYMu fuHksVksM* uked lw=Ñfe us ÅVh ¼mn~de.Mye~½ esa vkyw dh [ksrh u"V dj nhA teZuh dh enn ls ;gka fQj ls vkyw dh [ksrh pkyw djkus dh cM+h dksf'k'k dh xbZ ]ysfdu ;g lw=Ñfe ogka dh feV~Vh esa bruk c<+ x;k fd mldh jksdFkke vlaHko gks xbZA ckgj ls vkus okys jksx vkSj dhVO;kf/k;ka if'peh ns'kksa dh B.Mh tyok;q esa Hkys gh lqLr vkSj fuf"Ø; iM+s jgrs gksa] ysfdu Hkkjr dk xeZ vkSj ue ekSle mUgsa cM+k jkl vkrk gSA ;gka vkrs gh og rsth ls c<+rs gSa vkSj vusd izdkj ds mxz foHksn iSnk dj ysrs gSaA dbZ ckj fo"kk.kq tSls csgn ckjhd lw{etho rks tkapus ij Hkh idM+ esa 82

ughaa vk ikrsA ,d rks ;s ,ddksf'kdk okys tho dsoy ,sls ekbØksLdksi ;kuh lw{en'khZ ;a=ks dh idM+ esa vkrs gSa tks mUgsa yk[kksa xquk cM+k dj ds fn[kk ik,aA nwljs] chtksa esa os cgqr de ek=k es aekStwn gksrs gSaA blfy, oSKkfudksa vkSj DoSjaVhu dfeZ;ksa dh utj ls cpdj fudy ldrs gSaA vokafNr jksx vkSj dhV O;kf/k;ksa dh vk’kadk ds vykok Hkh ;g loky mBrk gS fd vkf[kjdkj cht&vkyw ckgj ls D;ksa eas eaxk;k tk,\ Hkkjr dk cht&m|ksx bl loky ds tokc esa ;g rdZ nsrk gS fd Hkkjr esa vkyw dh tks Hkh fdLesa miyC/k gSa] muesa ls dksbZ Hkh vkyw ds fpIl oxSjg cukus ds dkfcy ugha gSaA mudh izkslsflax ugha tk ldrhA os ;g Hkh ekurs gSa fd Hkkjrh; vkyqvksa dh DokfyVh vPNh ugha gS vkSj mudh mit&{kerk Hkh de gSA ;gh dkj.k îsIlh QwM~l* dEiuh us Hkh fxuk,] rkfd mls ckgj ls vkyw eaxkus dh LohÑfr fey tk,A dqN lky igys bl cgqjk"Vªh; dEiuh ds rRdkyhu izca/k funs'kd Jh jes'k okaxys us bl ys[kd dks cM+s foLrkj ls ;g le>kus dh Hkjiwj dksf'k'k dh Fkh fd îsIlhQwM* fons'kksa eas tks vkyw iSnk djrh gS] og fdruk mEnk gS vkSj mlesa fdruh [kwfc;k gSA okaxys dk dguk Fkk fd eSfDldks vkSj osustq,yk esa vkyw&Økafr ykus dk Js; îsIlhQwM* daiuh dks gS vkSj Hkkjr esa Hkh mls viuk vkyw ykus fn;k tk, rks Hkkjr ds fdlku ekykeky gks tk,axsA ysfdu okaxys ds rdZ eq>s larq"V ugha dj ik,] D;ksafd eSaus f'keyk esa o"kks± rd Ñf"k&i=dkfjrk dh vkSj ns[kk fd ogka dk dsUnzh; vkyw vuqla/kku laLFkku fdl rjg vkyw dh ,d ls c<+dj ,d mEnk fdLesa fdlkuksa dks nsdj Hkkjr esa igys gh vkyw&Økafr yk pqdk gSA fQj Hkh ljdkj us îsIlhQwM~l* dks vkyw dh Ng fdLesa ykus dh LohÑfr ns nhA xuher ;g gS fd blds lkFk 'krZ yxk nh fd ;s fdLesa igys f'keyk ds lh-ih-vkjvkbZ vFkkZr lsaVªy iksVSVks fjlpZ baLVhV~;wV esa ij[kh tk,axhA ogka tc mudh rqyuk Hkkjrh; fdLeksa ls dh xbZ] rks ,d Hkh fons'kh fdLe ,slh ugha fudyh] ftlesa Hkkjrh; vkyqvksa ls c<+dj dksbZ [kwch gksA vkt Hkh ;g lp gS fd ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk esa vkyw dh tks Hkh fdLesa mxkbZ tk jgh gSa] muesa ls dksbZ Hkh ,slh ugha gS] tks Hkkjr dh fdLeksa ls csgrj gksA etsnkj ckr ;g gS fd tgka Hkkjrh; cht&m|ksx ckgj ls cht&vkyw eaxkus dks vkrqj gS] ogha if'pe ,f'k;k ds vusd ns'k vkyw dh Hkkjrh; fdLeksa ds nhokus gSa vkSj lh-ih-vkj-vkbZ- dk cht&vkyw eaxkdj vius ;gka vkyw dh izkslsflax baMLVªh [kM+h djuk pkgrs gSaA dqN lky igys E;kaekj ¼rc dk cekZ½ us Hkkjr ls Hkkjh ek=k esa cht&vkyw nsus dk vuqjks/k fd;k FkkA og rks gekjs ;gka dh ljdkjh e'khujh bruh lqLr gS fd nks lky rd E;kaekj dh vkyw dh iqdkj Qkbyksa esa nch jghA vkf[kj dc rd bartkj djrkA gkjdj E;kaekj dks gkWyS.M ls cht&vkyw eaxokuk iM+kA

mit ds fjdkMZ ;g lgh gS fd vesfjdk esa tgka vkyw dh vkSlr mit 35 Vu izfr gSDVj gksrh gS] ogha iatkc esa 22 Vu izfr gSDVj ls Åij ugha tk ikrhA ysfdu bldk eryc ;g drbZ ugha gS fd iatkc ds fdlku vkyw dh ?kfV;k fdLesa mxk jgs gSaA mit de blfy, gS fd ekSle esas QdZ gSA Hkkjr esa Hkh ykgkSy&Lihrh dh igkMh+ ?kkVh esa vkyw dh mit dk fo'o&fjdkMZ cuk;k tk pqdk gSA 48 Vu izfr gSDVjA gkyS.M esa 40 Vu izfr gSDVj dh mit yh xbZ gS vkSj og nwljs uacj ij vkrk gSA ysfdu lh ih vkj vkb f'keyk dh ftl *dqQzh panzeq[kh* fdLe us ykgkSy Lihrh esa 48 Vu izfr gSDVj dk fo'o&fjdkMZ cuk;k] ogh fdLe iatkc ds eSnkuh bykdksa esa 20 Vu izfr gSDVj ls vf/kd mit ughs ns ikrhA bl rjg tyok;q vkSj ekSle ds flok bl QdZ dk dksbZ vkSj dkj.k ugha gSA tgka rd futh O;kikfj;ksa dk iz'u gS] muds fy, rks cht cl ,d vkSj ftal gSA mUgsa bl ckr dh dksbZ fQØ ughas gS fd Hkkjrh; cht vuqla/kku vkSj fodkl dks varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj dk cuk;k tk,A os rks cl ckgj ls cht eaxkdj ekykeky gksuk pkgrs gSaA ysfdu vU; miHkksDrk&oLrqvksa dh rjg chtksa dks ckgj ls eaxkus dh [kqyh NwV ughas nh tk ldrhA cht ,d tkunkj pht gSA mlds lkFk reke rjg dh eqlhcrsa vk ldrh gSaA cfYd tkucw>dj Hksth tk ldrh gaSA futh cht m|ksx ds gj rjg ds ncko dk ljdkj dks MVdj lkeuk djuk gksxk vkSj [kklrkSj ls vkbZlh-, vkj dks /;ku j[kuk gksxk fd mlds lkeus ?kqVus ughs Vsdus gSaA lkFk gh vkblh-, vkj dks ;g ftEesnkjh Hkh fuHkkuh iM+x s h fd fons'kh chtksa ds lkFk chekfj;ka vkSj dhM+s&edksM+s u vkus ik,aA ljdkj dks dM+k :[k viukdj if'peh ns'kksa dks mUgha ds rdZ ls iNkM+uk gksxkA os dgrs gSa fd ^tks iznw"k.k iSnk djs] ogh ml dk gtkZuk HkjsaA** blh rdZ ls vxj os chtksa ds lkFk jksxk.kq vkSj dhVk.kqa Hkstrs idM+s tk,a rks tks daifu;ka bu chtksa dks yk jgh gksa] os gtkZuk nsaA

H kkx nks Ã&#x2018;f"k ds fo:) tSo&;q)

5 + thu ;kuh oa'kk.kqvksa ls NsM+&NkM+ vQxkfuLrku esa fgeky; dh fgUnwdq'k igkfM+;ksa ds Åij 35000 QqV dh ÅapkbZ ij foeku mM+ jgk FkkA rHkh tgkt esa lcdh lhV ij yxs fofM;ks&LØhu ij lekpkj okpd us ,d lekpkj fn;k fd ,fMucjk esa jkstfyu baLVhV~;wV ds oSKkfudksa us HksM+ dh Dyksfuax dj nh gSa ;kuh dyeh HksM+ cuk nh gSA vxys lkr fnuksa rd lapkj ek/;eksa esa ;g dyeh HksM+ NkbZ jgh] ftldk uke oSKkfudksa us MkSyh j[kk FkkA pkgs jkse esa bZlkbZ /keZ dk eq[;ky; osfVdu gks] ;k vejhdh jk"Vªifr dk dk;kZy; OgkbV gkml ;k fQj ubZ fnYyh dk pkanuh pkSd] gj txg MkSyh dh gh ppkZA nwjn'kZu vkSj lekpkj i=ksa dh lqf[kZ;ksa esa tgka jktusrkvksa dh HksM+pky Nik djrh Fkh] ogka [kqn HksM+ vk xbZA cgqr ls yksx vpaHks esa Fks] rks dqN yksx Vh-oh ij bl ubZ&oSKkfud [kkst ds ckjs esa izlkfjr lekpkjksa dks ns[krs] mrus gh Hkzfer gksrsA ppZ ds eBk/kh'kksa us QVdkjk fd ;g bZ'oj ds /ka/ks esa mlds cans dh n[kyankth gS vkSj bl ij ikcanh yxuh pkfg,A vejhdh jk"Vªifr us rqjar ?kks"k.kk dj nh fd vejhdk esa Dyksfuax ij ikcanh yxk nh xbZ gSA oSKkfud caV x,aA dqN Dyksfuax ds i{k esa Fks rks dqN mldk fojks/k dj jgs FksA turk dHkh budks lqurh rks lksprh fd vc rks vkneh vej gks tk,xkA viuk Dyksu cuok ysxkA fojks/kh vkoktsa lqurh rks lksprh] ^^gs jke! dgha ;s nkuo u cuk MkysaA dgha dksbZ fgVyj dk Dyksu u cuk ys!** vk/kqfud bysDVªkWfud ek/;e gekjh ftanxh esa bruh xgjkbZ rd cSB x, gSa fd lwpuk vkSj euksjatu dk fofp= ?kkyesy gks x;k gSA tSo izkS|ksfxdh vkSj ftfu;kxjh dh [kcj Hkh ,slh elkysnkj ijkslh tkrh gS fd /kkjkokfgdksa esa vkSj bl mHkjrs foKku dh [kcjksa esa dksbZ QdZ gh ugha yxrkA /kkjkokfgd Hkh lius fn[kkrs gSa vkSj tSo izkS|ksfxdh Hkh ;gh djrh gSA vf/kdrj n'kZd ftfu;kxjh dks dhfe;kxjh dh rjg tknwxjh gh le>rs gSa & dhfe;kxjh ikjs ls lksuk cukus dk nkok djrh jgh vkSj thfu;kxjh feÍh dks lksuk cukus ds lCtckx fn[kk jgh gSA tgka rd i=dkjksa dk loky gS] mUgsa thfu;kxjh ¼tsusfVd bathfu;fjax½ ls ,slh pViVh [kcjas feyrh gSa fd ikBd pV[kkjs ysdj i<+sa vkSj laiknd igys iUus ij Nkisa rFkk jsfM;ks vkSj Vhoh pkSchlksa ?k.Vs eq[; lekpkjksa esa 'kkfey djrsa gSaA ns[krs gh ns[krs MkSyh lkjh nqfu;k dh tqcku ij vk cSBhA mlds ckn iSnk gqbZ mldh ekSlsjh cfgu ikSyhA ;g rks cl 'kq:vkr FkhA cl ;ksa lef>, fd tksfu;kxjh us Hkkuqerh dk fiVkjk gh [kksy fn;kA oSKkfud dgus yxs fd ;g thou ds fodkl dk u;k nkSj 'kq: gqvk gSA dSfEczt fo'ofo|ky; esa U;wVu&izksQslj izfl) rkjk 86

HkkSfrdhfon~ Mk- LVhQu gkWfdax us OgkbV gkml eas lglzkCnh O;k[;ku fn;k rks mUgksaus ?kks"k.kk dj nh fd vxys ,d gtkj lkyksa esa ,d u;k balku x<+ fy;k tk,xkA mUgksaus dgk fd ^^eSa ;g ugha dg jgk fd ekuo dh thfu;kxjh dksbZ vPNh ckr gSA eSa cl ;g dg jgk gwa fd ge pkgs ilan djsa ;k ukilan] vxyh lglzkCnh esa ;g gksus okyk gSA** izks- gkfdax us psrkouh nh Fkh] ftlesa iwjh lpkbZ gSA yanu ds lqizfl) lekpkj i= ^n xkftZ;u* esa fy[krs gq, fVe jSMQksMZ us izkÑfrd oj.k dh fodkl izfØ;k dks Hkax fd, tkus dk [krjk crk;kA vly esa fVe fizalVu ;wfuoflZVh ds Mk-yh flYoj dh fdrkc ^jhesfdax bZMu* dk tokc ns jgs FksA bZMu ml dkYifud uanu ou dk uke gS] tgka ckbfcy ds vuqlkj vkne vkSj gOok us igyk vkneh iSnk fd;k vkSj ekuo&tkfr dh 'kq:vkr dhA fVe jSMQksMZ us vius vkys[k esa tuu&tSfodh ds fo'ofo[;kr fo'ks"kK ykMZ foULVu dk m)j.k fn;k gSA os vkuqoaf'kdh dh rqyuk jkscksfVdh vkSj daI;wVj&foKku ls djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd ^^vpkud oSKkfudksa us Mh-,u-, fpi [kkst fy;kA ;g daI;wVj&fpi dh rjg gh lef>,A cl bl fpi ij vki Mh-,u-, esa ekStnw thu ;kuh oa'k.kq dh igpku djus okys dksbZ nl yk[k caqnd j[k ldrs gSaA ;s ckjhd cawnsa gekjs 30]000 ;k 40]000 ftrus Hkh oa'kk.kq gSa] muesa ls gjsd dh igpku dj ldrh gSaA vc bl Mh,u-, fpi ij vki euq"; ds lcls eq[; oa'kk.kq ds dksbZ nl :i j[k nhft,A vkSj fQj [kwu dh cwan ;k fdlh dksf'kdk dks bl fpi ij j[k nsaA ckdh dke Mh-,e-, fpi dj Mkysxh vkSj crk nsxh fd gekjh nsg es dkSu&dkSu ls oa'kk.kq gSaA** ekuo dk oSKkfud uke gS ^gkseks lSfi,Ul*A vc u;k gkseksa lSfi,Ul x<+uk rks cM+h nwj dh dkSM+h gSA de ls de vxys dqN lkyksa es rks ;g gksus okyk ugha gSA ysfdu oa'kk.kq esa gsj&Qsj djus dh rduhd oSKkfudksa ds gkFk yx xbZ gSA os ,sls tho cuk jgs gSa ftues nwljs thoksa ;k ijk, thoksa ds thu Mkys tk jgs gSaA ;s ijkthuh izk.kh vksj ijkthuh Qlyas izÑfr esa NksM+s tkus ij fodkl dh izkÑfrd izfØ;k esa D;k xqy f[kyk,axh] bldk irk fdlh dks ugha gSA blh rjg thfu;kxjh ls rS;kj reke rjg dh phtsa vkSj nok,a cukus ds nkos Hkh fd, tk jgs gSaA bl ih<+h esa ;k vxyh ih<+h esa budk D;k vlj iM+sxk] ;g dksbZ ugha crk ldrkA ;gh dkj.k gS fd iwjh nwfu;k esa bl izkS|ksfxdh dk fojks/k fd;k tk jgk gSA vly esa vkt ds foKku&txr esa thfu;kxjh ls vf/kd fooknkLin fo"k; dksbZ vkSj ugha gSA pkgs ge ekusa ;k u ekusa] ysfdu blds dkj.k tks [krjs iSnk gks ldrs gSa] muls vkxkg djus esa ehfM;k us cM+h egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA ehfM;k bl izkS|ksfxdh ds laHkkfor [krjksa ls cpus ds ckjs esa Hkh nqfu;k dks psrk jgk gSA vly esa bl izkS|ksfxdh dks iwjh rjg tkaps&ij[ks fcuk cM+h gM+cM+h esa cktkj esa yk;k tk jgk gSA vc Ñf"k ls tqM+h thfu;kxjh ij gh ,d fuxkg MkysaA dgk tk jgk gS fd tSo izkS|ksfxdh ds mi;ksx ls Ñf"k esa ØkfUr vkus okyh gSA fopkj vkSj O;ogkj ds chp dk varj ;gka feV jgk gS] ;g Hkh nkok fd;k tkrk gSA bl lnh ds eksM+ rd blh rduhdh ls [ksrh dk psgjk&eksgjk gh cnyus ds ok;ns fd, tk jgs gSaA [kk|&m|ksx dh fuxkgsa

Hkh blh ij fVdh gSaA vly esa ,d oxZ ck;ksVSDuksyksth vksj tsusfVd baathfu;fjax dks gj etZ dh nok crk jgk gSA

ehfM;k dk ck;ksVsd cks/k ehfM;k dh le> bl ckjs esa cgqr lkQ gSA og le>rk gS fd bDdhloha lnh esa ck;ksVSd&m|ksx dks lcls Åij p<+kdj izpkfjr fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj iwjh lnh dks gh ^tSo&lnh* dgk tk jgk gSA blds ihNs os reke daifu;ka vkSj muls tqM+h os foÙkh; laLFkk,a gSa] tks tSo izkS|ksfxdh dks fdlh Hkh rjg Hkqukuk pkgrh gSaA] blhfy, i;kZoj.k ls tqM+s eqÌksa dh iwjh tkap fd, cxSj gh tSo izkS|ksfxdh dks c<+kok nsus ij rqyh gqbZ gSaA v/kdpjh tkap ls ;gka dke pysxk ugha vkSj iwjh tkap esa yack le; yxsxkA ysfdu ck;ksVSd&m|ksx bruk yack bartkj djus ds fy, jkth ugha gSA bldh txg os i;kZoj.k ij ck;ksVSd ds vlj ds ckjs esa Hkh >wBs nkos djrs gSa] ftlds fy, ^czsuokf'kax* dh rtZ ij vaxzsth esa ^xzhuokf'kax* py iM+k gSA fnekxksa dh gjh /kqykbZ djus ds fy, ;g nkok fd;k x;k fd thokukarfjr Qlysa vkiuh ukbVªkstu dh t:jr lh/ks gok ls bl iks"kd rRo dks [khapdj iwjh dj ysaxhaA fQj jklk;fud moZjd yxkus dh t:jr ugha iM+sxh vkSj fdlkuksa dk [kpkZ Hkh cpsxk rFkk i;kZoj.k eas iznw"k.k Hkh ugha QSysxkA blh rjg nwljk cM+k nkok fd;k x;k fd ijkthuh Qlyksa essa ,sls oa'kk.kq ¼thu½ gksaxs] tks gkfudkjd dhM+ksa ds f[kykQ t+gj iSnk djsaxs vkSj Qlyksa dks chekfj;ksa ls Hkh cpk,axsA ysfdu fudyk D;k\ ,slh Qlysa fodflr dh xbZa] ftueas [kjikr&jks/kh thu Mkys x, gSaA budks mxk;k tk, rks [kjikr&uk'kh jlk;uksa dk bLrseky vkSj Hkh c<+ tkrk gS] D;ksafd Qly ij rks vlj gksxk ugha] lks [kjikrksa dks ekjus ds fy, va/kk/kqa/k fNM+dksA vkSj og Hkh mlh daiuh dk ftlus og ijkthuh Qly fudkyh gSA eryc ;g fd cht Hkh esjk vkSj gchZlkbM ¼[kjirokj uk'kh nok½ Hkh esjhA fpr Hkh esjh] iV Hkh esjhA ck;ksVSd dEiuh ;gh djrh vk jgh gaSA cgqr ls i=dkj bu dEifu;ksa ds >kals eas vk tkrs gSaA muds fy, rjg&rjg ds izyksHku Hkh gSa vkSj ped&ned okys jaxhu izdk'ku HkhA ;gh ugha fcdus dks rS;kj oSKkfudksa ls i=dkj&lEesyuksa esa ck;ksVSd dh flQkfj'k djkbZ tkrh gSA mudh rduhdh Hkk"kk mu i=dkjksa ds iYys ugha iM+rh] ftUgksaus vkuqoaf'kdh dh ckjhfd;ka le>h ugha gS ;k ftUgksaus thofoKku dh f'k{kk izkIr ugha dh gSA vr% ,sls i=dkjksa ds fy, fo'ks"k izf'k{k.k&dk;ZØe pykuk t:jh gS rkfd os fdlh ds dgus ij ugha] [kqn bl ckjs esa QSlyk dj ldsaA vusad LoSfPNd laxBu tc ck;ksVSd laca/kh eqÌksa ij i=dkjksa ls ckrphr djrs gSa] rks phtsa dkQh lkQ gks tkrh gSa vkSj mlds ckn izsl es lgh fjiksZVZ vkus yxrh gSaA ysfdu ck;ksVSd&m|ksx ds ikl lk/kuksa dh deh ugha gS vkSj og izsl dks izHkkfor djus ds gFkd.Ms tkurk gSA tks mlds >kals eas vk tkrs gSa] os mudh izsl foKfIr;kW T;ksa dh R;ksa Nki nsrs gSaA ch Vh&dikl ds uqdlkuksa ds ckjs esa LoSfPNd laxBuksa us fdruk psrk;k fQj Hkh ^fdlkuksa dks Qk;nk gks jgk gS* ;g nyhy nsdj ml ij ljdkjh eqgj yxok yh xbZA blds fy, dgka 88

fdl rjg ncko Myok;k x;k vkSj izsl dks fdl rjg iVk;k x;k] bl ckjs esa 'kks/k dh tkuh pkfg,A oLrqr% ^tSo izkS|ksfxdh dh jktuhfr* dk vius ns'k esa vHkh ml rjg ls Hk.MkQksM+ ugha fd;k tk ldk] tSls ;wjksi vkSj nwljs ns'kksa esa gqvkA dkj.k ;gh gS fd vius ;gka lkjs dke pksjh Nqis gksrs gSa vkSj ljdkjh dkedkt esa ^xksiuh;rk* ds uke ij ikjnf'kZrk dks udkj fn;k tkrk gSA ehfM;k dks ck;ksVSd&m|ksx dh ;g lkft'k rks le> esa vk xbZ gS fd og cht&m|ksx Ñf"k&m|ksx vkSj [kk|&m|ksx dks gM+iuk pkgrk gSA fQygky ftu rduhdksa dks ck;ksVSd&m|ksx izpkfjr dj jgk gS] muesa ,sls ijkthuh VekVj gSa] tks 40 ls 90 fnu rd rktk cus jgrs gSa vkSj [kjkc ugha gksrsA blh rjg ,slk ijkthuh&dikl izpkfjr fd;k tk jgk gS] ftlds js'ks T;knk etcwr gSaA blh rjg ijkthuh dsys] ijkthuh vkyw vkSj ijkthuh VekVj ls vusd jksxksa ds Vhds izkIr fd, tk ldsaxs vkSj bu Vhdkas dh vyx ls lqb;ka ugha yxokuh iM+saxh] ;g nkok Hkh fd;k x;k gSA ;s reke rduhdsa ;k rks Qsy gks pqdh gSa ;k fQj mu ij iz;ksx py jgs gSa vkSj cktkj esa vkus esa vkB&nl lky rks yx gh tk,axsA buds izpfyr gksus ls fu'p; gh Ñf"k vkSj [kk| laca/kh orZeku ifjn`'; izHkkfor gkssxkA vHkh ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd izHkko dSlk gksxk& ldkjkRed ;k udkjkRedA ;g Hkh nkok fd;k tk jgk gS fd ijkthuh Qlyksa dh dqN fdLesa bruh lw[kkjks/kh gksaxha fd mUgsa jsfxLrkuh vkSj catj tehuksa esa Hkh mxk;k tk ldsxkA ysfdu ;s ok;ns fdrus Hkjkslsean gSa] bueas lansg gSA tgka rd bl {ks= esa py jgs oSKkfud vuqla/kkuksa dk iz'u gS] mudk izsj.kk&lzksr ,d gh gS] ykypA budk mn~ns'; [kk|&iks"k.k&lqj{kk iznku djuk ugha gS] dsoy frtkSfj;ka Hkjuk gSA buls NksVs fdlkuksa dk drbZ Hkyk ugha gksxk] tc fd 90 izfr'kr tksrsa gekjs ns'k esa NksVh gSa& nks gSDVj ls deA ;s ck;ksVSd&cht ;k ck;ksVSd&mRikn brus eagxs gksaxs fd mUgsa NksVs fdlku ugha [kjhn ik,axsA ,d vkSj [krjk ;g iSnk gksxk fd vukt dh txg uxnh Qlysa mxkus ij T;knk tksj gksxkA bl rjg ijaijkxr fVdkÅ Ñf"k iz.kkyh ij tSo izkS|ksfxdh Hkkjh ncko Mkysxh vkSj dqy feykdj Hkkjrh; Ñf"k ij mldk izfrdwy izHkko iM+sxk vkSj fo"kerk c<s+xhA lcls cM+h leL;k ;g gS fd vHkh rd tSo izkS|ksfxdh dks foKku&txr Hkh Bhd ls ugha le> ik;k gSA ysfdu ;g thou&ej.k dk iz'u gS] blfy, bls ^lansg dk ykHk* Hkh ugha fn;k tk ldkrA blhfy, i=dkj tc ck;ksVSd dk fojks/k djrs gSa] rks lgh djrs gSaA ebZ 1999 esa fczfV'k esMhdy ,lksfl,'ku us ^th-,e-QwM* laca/kh viuh varfje fjiksVZ izdkf'kr dh FkhA ml fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd ^^vkuqoaf'kd :ikarj.k dh gS orZeku fLFfr ,slh gS fd ;g xkj.Vh ugha nh tk ldrh fd blesa xyfr;ka ugha gkasxhaA [krjksa dh ctk; tc ge Qk;ns fxukus yxrs gSa] rks gels Hkwy gksuk LokHkkfod gS] D;ksafd vHkh rd bl {ks= esa tks Hkh vuqHko gq, gsa mu lcls lcd ysuk ckdh gSA**

^fodkl&i=dkfjrk* ijaijkxr ehfM;k dk izcy i{k jgk gS] ysfdu os ^Hkys* ;k ^cqjs* ds ijs ugha tk ikrsA tc i;kZoj.k dh fpark lrkbZ rks ^fodkl&i=dkfjrk* ,d rjg ls i;kZoj.k&okfn;ksa dh i{k/kj cudj Lo;a gh vkanksyudkjh cu xbZ FkhA blds Qk;ns Hkh gq, vkSj uqdlku HkhA vc tSoizkS|ksfxdh us Hkh i=dkjksa dks leL;k dh tM+ esa tkus dk ekSdk fn;k gSA vkxs ge ns[ksaxs fd tSoizkS|ksfxdh ds foKku vkSj jktuhfr dks le>us dh fdl rjg dksf'k'k dh xbZ gSA

nkuoh; cht vkt Hkkjr ds fdlkuksa dks ,d vyx rjg ds tSo&;q) dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gSA bl tSo&;q) dk gfFk;kj gS thfu;kxjh ls rS;kj chtA yxHkx 80 ns'kksa esa bu ijkthuh chtksa ds isVsaV ysdj cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa us bu chtksa dks viuh cikSrh cuk fy;k gSA ;kuh ;s daifu;ka gh bu chtksa dks rS;kj djds csp ldrh gSa & euekus nkeksa ijA vc ;g gfFk;kj cht&m|ksx ds tfj, Hkkjr ds fdlkuksa dh xnZu ukius ds fy, rS;kj gSA 'kq:vkr chVh&dikl ds chtksa ls gqbZ gSA bl nkuoh; cht dk lcls Hk;adj :i vk;k gS VehZusVj dh 'kDy esaA vejhdk ds Ñf"k foHkkx ¼;w-,l-Mh-,-½ vkSj dikl dk cht cukus vkSj cspus okyh daiuh MsYVk ,.M ikbu fyfeVsM us la;qDr :i ls ,d rduhd fodflr dh gS] tks fdlh Hkh Qly esa Mkyh tk ldrh gSA bl rduhd ds rgr cht dh vadqj.k&{kerk fu;af=r dh tk ldrh gSA ,sls thu ;kuh oa'kk.kq fudkys x, gSa] tks cht dks tc pkgsa vadqfjr gksus ls jksd ldrs gSaA bu oa'kk.kqvksa ls ySl cht igys lky rks vadqfjr gksaxsaA ysfdu vxj fdlku us viuh igys lky dh Qly ls cht ysdj nwljs lky cksus dh dksf'k'k dh rks cht ds vanj ekStwn VehZusVj thu pkyw gks tk,xk vkSj vadqj.k&fØ;k dks BIi dj nsxkA bl rjg nwljs lky [ksr esa ,d Hkh ikS/kk ugha mitsxk vkSj ,d Hkh nkuk iSnk ugha gksxkA eryc ;g fd gj lky cktkj ls cht [kjhnuk iM+sxkA ,d rjg ls bl VehZusVj VsDuksykWth dks viukdj cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka iwjh nqfu;k ds cht&m|ksx dh ekQZr iwjs [kk|kUu&m|ksx dks vius dkcw esa dj ysaxhaA tc pkgk cktkj esa ;s cht igqapkdj Qlysa mxkus ds fy, miyC/k djk fn,A vxys lky jksd fy,] rks cktkj esa vukt dh deh djds mlds nke c<+k fy,A ;kuh laiw.kZ Ñf"k dh pkHkh cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds gkFkksa esa! bl rjg fdlh Hkh ns'k dh [kk|&lqj{kk dks ;s nkuoh; cht yhy ldrs gSaA MsYVk ,.M ikbu fy- daiuh us viuh ea'kk NqikbZ ugha gSA os bl VehZusVj VsDuksykWth dks xsgwa] /kku vkSj Tokj esa Mky jgs gSaA bu Qlyksa ds nkuoh; cht lu~ 2004 rd rS;kj gks tk,axsA budk fu'kkuk gSa Hkkjr&tSls fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds cktkjA gekjs ns'k esa rks 40 djksM+ fdlkuksa esa ls tks gj lky cktkj ls u;k cht ysrs gksa] ,sls eqf'dy ls 10 izfr'kr ;kuh 4 djksM+ fdlku gksaxsA vHkh rd xsgwa vkSj 90

/kku tSlh Lo&ijkfxr Qlyksa ds cht cukus vkSj cspus esa cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dh bruh fnypLih ugha FkhA ysfdu VehZusVj thu ds dkj.k gj lky cktkj ls cht [kjhnus dh etcwjh iSnk gksus ls vc lHkh cM+h&cM+h daifu;ka bl {ks= esa vkus dh rs;kjh dj jgh gSaA vHkh rd xsgwa&/kku ds cht cspus esa mUgsa dksbZ [kkl equkQk ugha utj vk jgk Fkk] exj vc rks equkQk&gh&equkQk gSA vejhdh Ñf"k foHkkx ds izoDrk Mk- ekbdsy jQ dks ;g ekuuk iM+k fd fdlkuksa dks VehZusVj cht ls uqdlku gksxk] D;ksafd ;g cht gj lky u;k [kjhnuk iM+sxk vkSj fdlku viuk cht cukus vkSj bLrseky djus dh lqfo/kk ls oafpr gks tk,axsA ysfdu jQ lkgc us viuh VQ ok.kh esa ;g Hkh trk fn;k fd vejhdh Ñf"k foHkkx dks rks djksM+ksa Mkyj dekus okyh cht&daifu;ksa ds equkQs dh T;knk fpark gS] D;ksafd ;s cht&daifu;ka tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dks viuk jgh gSa vkSj ck;ksVsd&cht vjcksa Mkyj dk equkQk nsaxsA MsYVk ,.M ikbu fy- us VehZusVj VsDuksykWth viukrs gq, rackdw ds cht rS;kj dj fn, gSaA ;g rks lHkh dks ekywe Fkk fd thfu;kxjh dks vkxs c<+kus dh rkcM+rksM+ dksf'k'k ds ihNs ,d gh gfol dke dj jgh gS fd cht&daifu;ksa vkSj ck;ksVsd&daifu;ksa dk equkQk c<+sA blls igys cht&daifu;ka dhVukf'k;ksa vkSj moZjdksa ds {ks= esa vius dqykos tksM+us esa yxh Fkha vkSj [kjikruk'kh nokvksa ds izfr jksf/krk iSnk djus okys thu Qlyksa esa Mky jgh FkhaA bjknk ;gh Fkk fd tks fdlku bu gchZlkbM&jks/kh ijkthuh chtksa dks cks,axs] mUgsa mudk gh gchZlkbM Hkh [kjhnuk iM+sxkA ysfdu nkuoh; cht ykus dh lkft'k djds cht&daifu;ksa us ;g tx&tkfgj dj fn;k gS fd os fdl gn rd fxjh gqbZ gSaA [kqn dks fdlkuksa dk elhgk dgdj izpkfjr djus okyh daifu;ka Qlyksa ds chtksa ls Hkkjh equkQk dekus ds Qsj esa cht dh vkuqoaf'kd jpuk dks rksM&ejksM+ dj bruk cny Mkysx a h] ;g fdlh us ugha lkspk FkkA bu nkuoh; chtksa dk cktkj esa vkus dk eryc gksxk] ges'kk ds fy, fdlkuksa dks cht&daifu;ksa dk ca/kqvk u nsukA gesa ;g rks irk Fkk fd ck;ksVsDuksykWth ^dfVax ,st* okyh VsDuksykWth gSA ysfdu bldh ^dfVax ,st* dh iSuh dkV ryokj dh /kkj dks Hkh ekr djrh gS] ;g iksy rks VehZusVj VsDuksykWth us gh [kksyh gSA

ehfM;k esa ?kqliSB tc pkjksa vksj ls fojks/k ds Loj mBs rks cgqjk"Vªh; dEifu;ksa us ehfM;k dks vius i{k esa djus ds fy, pqXxk vkSj pkjk Mkyuk 'kq: fd;kA bl rjg tSoizkS|ksfxdh ds fojks/kh Lojksa dks tgka&rgka nckus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZA cgqjk"Vªh; fuxeksa ds pkgs uke vyx gksa vksj os rjg&rjg ds :i cnyrs jgrs gksa] exj mudk fu'kkuk ,d gh gS& vf/kd equkQk dekukA bl dke esa nqHkkZX;o'k ehfM;k dk ,d oxZ] yxrk gS ekuks] fcd pqdk gks vkSj bu ykyph ljek;knkjksa dk gh Hkksaiw cu x;k gksA bl rjg turk ds lkeus lgh tkudkjh ugha vk ikrhA bl rjg ehfM;k viuh lkekftd Hkwfedk vkSj mÙkjnkf;Ro Bhd ls ugha fuHkk jgkA Lo;a ehfM;k esa Hkh vf/kdrj yksx 91

bl ubZ izkS|ksfxdh ls vufHkK gSa vkSj mUgsa bl ckjs esa f'kf{kr djus dh t:jr gS fd os bu cgqjk"Vªh; dEifu;ksa dhs equkQk dekus dh lkft'k es 'kk;n vutkus gh 'kkfey gks x, gSaA igys Hkh ;g gks pqdk gSA 'kk;n vki esa ls cgqrksa dks ;kn gks fd ehfM;k us iznw"k.k ds f[kykQ vkSj i;kZoj.k dh j{kk ds fy, iqjtksj vkokt mBkbZA vkS|ksfxd iznw"k.k] tSo fofo/krk ij eaMjkrs ladV vkSj i;kZoj.k&fouk'k ij [kwc fy[kk x;kA czkthy esa fjvks esa lu~ 1992 esa lEiUu gq, varjkZ"Vªh; i;kZoj.k lEesyu dh rS;kfj;ksa ds fnuksa esa ;g fo"k; lqf[k;ksa esa Nk;k jgkA ysfdu tYnh gh i;kZoj.k ds izfr ehfM;k dk mRlkg BaMk gks x;kA mUgas le>k fn;k x;k fd iznw"k.k rks lcls T;knk dy&dkj[kkus iSnk dj jgs gSa vkSj vkS|ksfxd ns'k gh bld fy, T;knk ftEesnkj gSa] blfy, pqi djks vkSj mUgsa viuh frtksfj;ka Hkjus nksA bl rjg ehfM;k dh i;kZoj.k laca/kh lkjh fpark,a xqe gks xbZ vkSj fQj ls fodkl ds ihNs iM+ x, fd fodkl djuk gS rks mldh dher rks pqdkuh gh iM+sxhA blfy, vc ehfM;k esa i;kZoj.k dks ysdj oSlh ys&ns ugha gksrh] tSlh lÙkj ds n'kd esa ns[kh xbZ FkhA vc i;kZoj.k ds izfr fpark dh txg ehfM;k eqrgk ;kstuk* ds ckjs esa vf/kd Mjk gqvk yxrk gSA ;g Mj LokHkkfrd gS D;ksafd thfo;kxjh ls rS;kj Qlyksa ls cuk, x, [kk| iknkFkkZsa dk ekuo 'kjhj esa D;k izHkko iM+sxk] bl ckjs esa oSKkfud [kkstsa Hkh iwjh ugha dh xbZA ;g [kq'kh dh ckr gS fd ehfM;k us Hkh thou dh bdkbZ ^Mh-,u-,* ¼fMvkWdlh jkgckst U;wfDyd ,flM½ esa gsj Qsj ls iSnk fd, x, ^th ,e QwM* ;kuh ^ftusVhdyh eksMhQkbM QwM* dks ,d fljs ls udkj fn;k gSA buds ckjs esa xaHkhj iz'u mBk, x, gSa fd ;s dgka rd ekuo&LokLF; ds vuqdwy gSa vkSj dgka rd izfrdwy\ bl rjg ehfM;k thfo;kxjh rFkk tSo izkS|ksfxdh ds ckjs esa tu&psruk txkus esa lQy jgk gSA mUgksaus ;g vPNh rjg le>k fn;k gS fd bl rduhdh dk vlj orZeku ih<+h ij gh ugha] vxyh ihf<+;ksa ij Hkh iM+sxkA blesa dksbZ lUnsg ugha gS fd ,d tho dk vkuqoaf'kd iz.kkyh dks nwljs tho dh dksf'kdkvksa esa igqapk nsuk ikS/kksa dh fdLe lq/kkjus dh fn'kk eas foKku dh cM+h Økafrdkjh miyfC/k gSA ;gh dky tkuojksa esa Hkh laHko gks x;k gSA vly esa rks tho&tarq vkSj isM+&ikS/kksa ds chp dh vkuqoaf'kd nhokj gh fxjk nh xbZ gSA vc ikS/kksa ds thu tkuojksa esa vkSj tuokjksa ds thu ikS/kksa esa Hkh Mkys tk jgs gSaA igys izÑfr esa ,slk ugha gksrk FkkA izÑfr esa rks ,slk ugha gksrk FkkA izÑfr eas rks ;g Hkh laHko ugha Fkk fd eDdk ds thu /kku esa pys tk,a ;k /kku ds thu xsgwa esa igqap tk,aA ysfdu izÑfr ds fo:) tkuk dgka rd mfpr gS\ vkf[kjdkj yksxksa dks bldk gd rks gS gh fd os ;g loky mBk,a fd thfo;kxjh dk bLrseky D;ksa fd;k tk jgk gS\ bldk tokc lkQ gSA cgqr Åaps nko yxs gSaA lu~ 1996 esa gh m|ksxksa us tSo izkS|ksfxdh ls lacaf/kr vuqla/kku ij 8 vjc #i, [kpZ fd, FksA blfy, vc os bl [kpsZ ds cnys tYnh ls tYnh equkQk dekus ds fy, cspSu gSa] rks mudh cspSuh 92

fcYdqy tk;t+ gSA ysfdu os equkQk dekus dh cspSuh essa ;s D;ksa Hkwy tkrs gSa fd ijkthuh [kk| inkFkksZa dk ekuo&LoLF; ij vkSj ijkthuh Qlyksa dk izÑfr vkSj i;kZoj.k ij D;k vlj iM+sxk\ tSo izkS|ksfxdh dh ped&ned ls lcdks yqHkkus ds fy, blls tqM+s v|ksxksa ds yksx ;s f'kdk;r djrs gSa fd ^dkSu ehfM;k dks ck;ksVSDuksyksth ds f[kykQ HkM+dk jgk gS\** vly esa if'pe ds lapkj ek/;eksa esa tSo izkS|ksfxdh ls tqM+s reke eqÌksa ij mls c<+kok nsus okyksa dh dM+h vkykspuk ds dkj.k gh cM+h&cM+h daifu;ka lko/kku gqbZ gSaA lu~ 1999 esa fczVsu vkSj ;ksa dgssa fd lEiw.kZ ;wjksi ds lapkj ek/;eksa us ftl rjg tSo izkS|ksfxdh dk fojks/k fd;k] og bfrgkl esa ,slk o"kZ ntZ gksxk tc i=dkfjrk us oLrqr% lekt ds niZ.k dk dke fd;kA orZeku cktk: O;oLFkk eas ge i=dkj yksx ml iqjkuh i=dkfjrk dks Hkwy gh x, Fks] tc i=dkfjrk mPp vkn'kksZa ls tqM+h gqbZ FkhA if'peh miHkksDrkvksa us rks ,d fljs ls ijkthuh ¼Vªkaltsfud½ [kk| inkFkksaZ dks udkj fn;k gSA dgk ugha tk ldrk fd miHkksDrkvksa us ogka dh i=dkfjrk dks izHkkfor fd;k ;k i=dkfjrk us miHkksDrkvksa dks izHkkfor fd;kA ;wjksi ds izeq[k fjVsy LVksjksa us vkil esa feydj ,d ifjla?k ¼dalksf'kZ;e½ cuk fy;k gSA lcus feydj QSlyk fd;k gS fd os ^th ,e QwM* ugha cspsaxs vkSj vius LVksj eas dksbZ Hkh ^th ,e mRikn* ugha j[ksasxsA fczVsu ds e'kgwj foØsrk LVksj ts-lsUlcjh us Ng vU; ;wjksih; foØsrk&lewgksa ds lkFk feydj mRiknu ds gj pj.k ls thokukarfjr [kk| inkFkksaZ dks gVk fn;kA fczVsu] Qzkal] teZuh uhnjyS.M~l vkSj Hkkjr esa Hkh ijkthuh Qlyksa ds ijh{k.k u"V djus ds fy, mUgsa [ksrksa esa ls m[kkM+ dj tyk fn;k x;kA ;g dk;Z vusd vkanksyudkjh LoSfPNd laxBuksa dh izsj.kk ls fd;k x;kA thokukarfjr [kk| inkFkksZa ds i{k eas vk'p;Z gs fd vusd oSKkfud Hkh cksyrs jgrs gSaA dqN oSKkfud ijkthuh lks;kchu dh odkyr djus yxsA bl lks;kchu esa ,slk thu Mkyk x;k gS] tks [kjirokj uk'kh nok fNM+dus dk vlj ugha gksus nsrkA dqN oSKkfud dSyhQksfuZ;k esa LVªkWcSjh dh Qly ij ikykjks/kh thok.kq ¼cSDVhfj;k½ fNM+dus dh flQkfj'k djus yxsA blh rjg lkYeu eNyh esas ijk;k thu Mkyus dh Hkh fgek;r dh xbZA ysfdu ;wjksi vkSj vejhdk dh ljdkjksa us bl rjg ds thokukarfjr [kk| inkFkksZa dh ls¶Vh ds ckjs esa QkSju fpark trkbZ vkSj oSKkfud tkap 'kq: djk nhA ;wjksfi;u deh'ku ds oSKkfud ijke'kZnkrk dh lykg ekudj ;wjkih la?k us vkyw dh ,d ijkthuh fdLe dh fcØh ij jksd yxk nh] D;ksafd os mlds lqjf{kr gksus ds ckjs esa dksbZ xkj.Vh ughas ns ldrs FksA fczVsu esa rks ,slh 300 ds djhc /kVuk,a gqbZ] tc vkanksyudkfj;ksa us [ksrksa esa [kM+h ijkthuh Qlyksa dks tM+ ls m[kkM+dj tyk MkykA 93

blls ogka dk tSoizkS|ksfxdh m|ksx fryfeyk mBkA varr% fczVsu ds i;kZoj.k&ea=h ekbdsy ehpj us ?kks"k.kk dh fd fczfV'k ljdkj rhu lkyksa ds fy, ijkthuh Qlyksa dh [ksrh ij ikcanh yxkus dh lksp jgh gSA ;wjksi dh tSoizkS|ksfxdh dEifu;ksa us vius phQ ,DthD;wfVo vQljksa ¼lh-bZ-vks½ dks ml le; fudky ckgj fd;k] tc thokukarfjr [kk| inkFkksZa dh [kwfc;ksa ds ckjs esa izpkfjr muds nkos FkksFks lkfcr gq,A ck;ksVSd&mRiknksa ls tqM+s 'ks;jksa eas igys tks mNky vk;k Fkk] og Hkh vkSa/ks eqag vk fxjkA mnkgj.k ds fy, ;wjksi dh lcls cM+h ck;ksVSd daiuh ^^fczfV'k ck;ksVSd** us vius 'ks;jksa dh dher esa 70 izfr'kr dk ?kkVk mBk;kA yUnu LVkWd ,Dlpsat vkSj yUnu eas fLFkr ^;wjksfi;u ,stsalh QkWj n bosyq,'ku vkWQ esfMfluy izksMDV~l* rFkk ogka dh ^laln* us vejhdh LVkWd ekdsZV esa ck;ksVSd 'ks;jksa dh tkap 'kq: dj nhA eryc ;g fd ck;ksVSd dk cqycqyk vkf[kjdkj QwV x;kA

ckgsa ejksM+uk fQj Hkh vejhdk êksals.Vks* tSlh cgqjk"Vªh; cht dEiuh ds fgrksa dh j{kk ds fy, NksVs ns'kksa dks /kedkus ls Hkh ckt ugha vkrkA yUnu ls izdkf'kr nSfud lekpkj i= ^n bf.Mis.MsaV* ds eqrkfcd tc U;wthyS.M us thokukarfjr [kk| inkFkksZa ij ^th-,eQwM* dk yscy yxkus vkSj muds LokLF;&laca/kh izHkkoksa dks ij[kus esa igy dh] rks vejhdk us mldks /kedh nh fd vxj ,slk fd;k x;k rks vejhdk U;wthyS.M ds lkFk fd, x, ^êqDr O;kikj** ds le>kSrs dks rksM+ nsxkA Û;wthyS.M esa lwpuk dh Lora=rk ds vf/kdkj* dks dkuwuh rkSj ij ykxw fd;k x;k gSA vr% bl ?kVuk ds ckjs esa U;wthyS.M dh laln ls izkIr dkxtkrksa ij vk/kkfjr bl fjiksVZ ls vejhdk dh bl ck;ksVSd & nknkxhjh dh iwjh iksy [kqy xbZA U;wthyS.M dh laln ds 19 Qjojh 1998 ds dkxtkrksa ds eqrkfcd ^^vkLVªsfy;u&U;wthyS.M QwM LVS.MMZ~l dkSafly** us bl ckjs esa tks :[k viuk;k] bl ij vejhdk vkSj dukMk eas fpark O;Dr dh gS D;ksafd bldk vlj ;wjksih; la?k ij Hkh iM+sxk vejhdk us ;g Hkh dgk gS fd bl rjg ds :[k ls vejhdk vkSj U;wthyS.M ds chp gq, f}i{kh; O;kikfjd le>kSrs ij Hkh cqjk vlj iM+sxkA vkSj eqDr O;kikj dk le>kSrk [kRe fd;k tk ldrk gSA** bu nLrkostksa ds [kqyklk gksus ij fczfV'k laln eas vusd laln lnL;ksa us xqLlk tkfgj fd;k fd blls irk pyrk gS fd vejhdh ck;ksVSd&m|ksx dh fgek;r djus ds fy, vejhdh ljdkj fdl gn rd fxj ldrh gSA bldk ,d vkSj izek.k ^^tqykbZ 1999 dks ^n VsyhxzkQ* esa izdkf'kr ,d fjiksVZ ls feykA blesa crk;k x;k fd vejhdk ljdkjh tklwl laxBu] ^lh-vkb-,* ¼ls.Vªy b.Vsfytsal ,stsalh½ us fczVsu ds i;kZoj.k&ea=h feLVj ekbdsy ehpj ij ,d Qkby [kksy j[kh gS vkSj mudh gj xfrfof/k vkSj c;ku ij utj j[kh tkrh gSA dkj.k 94

;g gS fd ehpj lkgc thokukarfjr [kk| inkFkksaZ ds ckjs esa fpafrr jgrs gSa vkSj mUgsa vka[ksa ewandj Lohdkj ugha djrsA m/kj vejhdk pkgrk gS fd fczVsu lfgr lHkh ;wjksih ns'k vejhdk ls nqfu;k ds cktkjska esa csps tk jgs ^th-,e-QwM~l* dks vius cktkjksa esa fcdus dh [kqyh NwV nsaA vejhdk vkSj fczVsu] bu nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp bl ckr dks ysdj 'kq: ls gh erHksn jgs gSa vkSj vkt Hkh tkjh gSaA bl ckjs esa rRdkyhu vejhdh jk"Vªifr fcy fDy.Vu vkSj fczfV'k iz/kku ea=h Vksuh Cys;j ds chp dbZ ckj cSBdsa gqbZa] ysfdu fczVsu bl ckjsa esa Vl ls el u gqvk] D;ksafd mls thokukarfjr [kk| inkFkksZa dk izpkj djus dh ctk; vius ukxfjdksa ds LokLF; rFkk fdlkuksa ds fgrksa dh vf/kd fpark gSA m/kj vejhdk us vius lHkh nwrkoklksa dks Hkh vejhdh ck;ksVSd&m|ksx ds fgrksa dh j{kk ds fy, vko';d dne mBkus ds vkns'k fn, gSaA tc Qzkal us viuh ljteha ij eksalk.Vks ds ijkthuh cht cksus ls euk fd;k] rks ^ls.V yqbZ ikSLV fMLiSp* esa izdkf'kr ,d fjiksVZ ds eqrkfcd vejhdh lsØsVjh vkWQ LVsV lqJh esMykbu vkWyczkbV rFkk vejhdh O;kikfjd izfrfuf/k 'kkyhZu ckj'kOLdh us eksalk.Vks dh odkyr dhA blds ckotwn Qzkal badkj djrk jgk rks Lo;a jk"Vªifr fDy.Vu us Qzkal ds iz/kkuea=h fyvksfuy tksfLiu ls ,d eqykdkr esa eksalk.Vks ds ^ck;ksVSd&cht* viukus ij tksj fn;kA ;gka rd fd blh elys ij rRdkyhu vejhdh mijk"Vªifr vyxksj us Qzkal ds iz/kkuea=h dks VsyhQksu djds flQkfj'k dhA vkf[kj esa Qzkal jkth gks x;kA bruk ncko tks iM+ jgk FkkA blls irk pyrk gS fd cM+h&cM+h ck;ksVSd dEifu;ksa ds gkFk fdrus yacs gSa vkSj os fdlh dh Hkh xnZu rd igqap ldrs gSaA Ñf"k ij ck;ksVSd&m|ksx dh fx)&n`f"V dbZ n'kdksa ls yxh gqbZ gS vkSj fdlkuksa dks ck;ksVSd&cht viukus ds fy, >wBs lCtckx fn[kk, tkrs gSaA bu lCtckxksa ls fdruh tYnh Qy Vidasxs] bl ckjs esa Hkh cM+s FkksFks nkos fd, x, gSaA bl ckjs esa vf/kdrj oSKkfud [kkstsa Hkh mu iz;ksx'kkykvksa eas dh xbZ gSa ftudk [kk|&mRiknu dh izkS|ksfxdh ls nwj&nwj rd dksbZ okLrk ugha jgkA tcfd ogh ck;ksVSd&rduhd lQy gks ldrh gS tks orZeku Ñf"k vkSj [kk|kUu iz.kkfy;ksa esa iwjh rjg fQV gksrh gS vkSj bl {ks= esa miyC/k vU; ubZ rduhdksa ds eqdkcys esa Bgj ldsA

cgl bl ckjs esa cgl dsoy [kk| inkFkksZa rd lhfer ugha gSA thukarfjr oLrq,a rjg&rjg ls bLrseky gks jgh gSa & diM+ksa ls ysdj nokvksa rdA ysfdu lcls T;knk izfrfdz;k ^th- ,e- QwM* dks ysdj gh gqbZ gSA miHkksDrkvksa dh vksj ls muds vkanksyudkjh dgrs gSa fd mUgsa ;g iwjk vf/kdkj gS fd thoukarfjr [kk| inkFkksZa ds ckjs esa iwjh tkudkjh izkIr djsa vkSj fQj QSlyk djsa fd mls viuk;k tk, ;k ughaA b/kj tSo izkS|ksfxdh ds i{k/kjksa dk rdZ gS fd fdlh [kk|&oLrq ij ^th-,e-QwM-* dk yscy yxkus ls miHkksDrk ;gh le>saxs fd ;g oLrq [kkus ;ksX; ugha gSA fQj oLrqvksa 95

ds nke Hkh c<+ tk,axs] D;ksafd yscfyax oxSjg dk [kpZ Hkh mlh dh tsc ls fudysxkA mudk ;g Hkh dguk gS fd ^vkuqoaf'kd n`f"V ls lq/kkjh xbZ iztkfr;ka* Qlyksa dh iSnkokj c<+kus ds fy, cgqr t:jh gSa] ugha rks foLQksVd rkSj ij c<+ jgh fo'o dh tula[;k dk isV dgka ls Hkjsxk\ os ;g Hkh nyhy nsrs gSa fd ijkthuh Qlysa [kjikruk'kh vkSj dhVuk'kh jlk;uksa ds bLrseky esa dVkSrh djds i;kZoj.k dh j{kk djsaxhaA os nkok djrs gSa fd thukarfjr [kk| inkFkks± ds iwjh rjg ijh{k.k fd, tk pqds gSa vkSj vejhdk ds [kk|&foHkkx rFkk i;kZoj.k j{kk ,tsalh] nksuksa us gh ugha] cfYd lacaf/kr varjkZ"Vªh; laxBuksa us Hkh mUgsa lqjf{kr crk;k gSA ;g cgl tksj idM+rh tk jgh gS vkSj blh chp i=dkjksa us vejhdh Ñf"k foHkkx ¼;w-,l-Mh-,-½ dh Hkwfedk dk Hkh irk yxk fy;k gSA yxrk gS fd vejhdk dk Ñf"k foHkkx ogka dh tSo izkS|ksfxd daifu;ksa dh fgek;r djus esa dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+ jgk] rkfd fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds cktkjksa esa bu daifu;ksa ds thfu;kxjh&mRikn vkjke ls fcdsaA blds fy, mu ij fcuk dksbZ ijh{k.k fd, muds lqjf{kr gksus dh xkjaVh Hkh ns jgk gSA bl ckjs esa ehfM;k dks Hkh rjg&rjg ds ykyp nsdj iVk;k tk jgk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, ,f'k;k&iz'kkar {ks= ds ns'kksa dh izeq[k Ñf"k&iz.kkfy;ksa dh mRikndrk] ykHkiznrk] fLFkjrk vkSj fVdkÅiu c<+kus ds cgkus ls bl rjg ds ^ck;kslS¶Vh izksVksdksy* vFkkZr~ tSo&j{kk fu;e ykxw dj jgk gS] ftuesa ls ck;ksVSd&oLrq,a vklkuh ls ikj gksdj bu ns'kksa ds cktkjksa esa fcdus yxsaA bldh dksbZ ijokg ugha gS fd ijkthuh Qlyksa dh bu ns'kksa dks t:jr gS Hkh ;k ugha vkSj tks yksx thukarfjr [kk+| dk lsou djsaxs muds LokLF; ij mldk D;k vlj iM+sxk! fQj Hkh vusd fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa i=dkj Hkze esa iM+ tkrs gSa vkSj vejhdk ds izpkj&ra= ds cgdkos esa vkdj mudh gka esa gka feykus yxrs gSaA bl rjg ls os ck;ksVSd&mRiknksa dks fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa igqapkus esa enn djus yxrs gSaA m/kj vejhdh Ñf"k foHkkx bu ck;ksVSd&mRiknksa ds dkj.k i;kZoj.k dh gkfu gksus ;k LokLF; ij izfrdwy izHkko iM+us dh ftEesnkjh ysus ls lkQ&lkQ eqdj tkrk gSA og rks fdlh ijkthuh&mRikn ij viuh LohÑfr dk BIik yxk nsrk gS vkSj ;g izek.k&i= ugha nsrk fd ;g izpfyr fdLe ;k [kk|&oLrqvksa ls csgrj gSA og bl ckjs esa Hkh ekSu lk/ks gS fd tc ijkthuh Qlysa thukarfjr tho ¼th-,e-vks-½ dh Js.kh esa vkrh gSa rks mls mxkdj fdlku tSo&ladV dk [krjk D;ksa eksy ysaA os mldk bLrseky djsa ;k u djsa] ;g iwjh rjg fdlkuksa ij NksM+ fn;k gS] ftUgsa bl uwru foKku dh ckjhfd;ka drbZ irk ugha gSaA ,f'k;k&iz'kkar {ks= esa phu] tkiku] dksfj;k vkSj FkkbyS.M ijkthuh Qlyksa ds ijh{k.k vkSj mi;ksx dk flyflyk 'kq: dj pqds gSaA blesa phu lcls vkxs gSA Hkkjr esa Hkh ljdkj us chVh dikl cksus dh btktr ns nh gSA dgk rks ;g tk jgk gS fd iwjs ns'k esa ijh{k.k ds ckn gh ;g QSlyk fd;k x;k gS] ysfdu bu ijh{k.kksa 96

ds urhts [kqyklk ugha fd, x,A vejhdh Ñf"k foHkkx dgrk gS fd igys vius ;gak ck;ksVSd&mRiknksa ds fy, tSo&j{kk iz.kkfy;ka fodflr djks ;k fQj îfg, dk fQj ls vkfo"dkj* djus dk bjknk NksM+ nks vkSj if'pe esa igys ls ijh{k.k ls xqtjh ck;ksVSd&oLrqvksa dks fcuk fdlh ûuqup* ds viukvksA ysfdu îjh{k.k fd;k tk pqdk gS* ds nkos tSls gh fd, tkrs gSa] oSls gh tjk&lh rQrh'k djus ij mudh iksy [kqy tkrh gSA vkb, ns[ksa fd fdl rjg nkuokdkj cgqjk"Vªh; daiuh eksalk.Vks nqfu;k dks ,slk VekVj nsus esa vlQy jgh tks lM+s ugha] gkykafd nkok ;gh fd;k x;k FkkA ^¶ykoj lkoj* uke ls izpkfjr bl VekVj esa ,slk oa'kk.kq ¼thu½ Mkyk x;k Fkk] tks mls nsj rd gjk j[krk FkkA bl rjg lqij cktkjksa esa igqaprs&igqaprs ;g iddj lM+rk ugha FkkA ysfdu gjk vkSj dPpk VekVj Hkyk fdl dke dkA fQj fNydk bruk eksVk tSls peM+kA ,sls Loknghu VekVj dks miHkksDrkvksa us tYnh gh udkj fn;kA ;ksa Hkh i;kZoj.koknh bl igys ijkthuh [kk| ikS/ks dk fojks/k dj jgs FksaA [kk|&m|ksx us Hkh bl VekVj dks ^lkWl* ¼pVuh½ oxSjg cukus ds dkfcy ugha ik;kA vejhdk ds 'ks;j&m|ksx dh izfl) if=dk ôky LVªhV tuZy* us Hkh bldks ^vkfFkZd n`f"V ls vuFkZdkjh* ¼^bdksukWfed fMtkLVj*½ dg fn;kA bl rjg ^¶ykoj lkoj* [kqn Hkys gh ugha lM+rk gks] êksalk.Vks* dks rks fipdk gh fn;k vkSj lu~ 1996 esa bl VekVj dks êksalk.Vksa* us okil ys fy;kA ;gka ;g Hkh ;kn fnyk nsa fd vejhdh Ñf"k foHkkx us ^¶ykoj lkoj* dks Hkh O;kikfjd [ksrh ds fy, tkjh djus dh vuqefr ns nh FkhA blds ckotwn ;g cgqizpkfjr fooknkLin ijkthuh VekVj vlQy jgkA blds ckn êksalk.Vks* us VekVj dh ,d vkSj fdLe bZtkn dh & ^5345*A ;g nqfu;k dk nwljk ijkthuh VekVj FkkA blesa feêh esa ik, tkus okys ,d thok.kq ¼cSDVhfj;k½ ^cslhyl Fkwfjaft,afll* dk ogh oa'kk.kq Mkyk x;k Fkk] tks fd ^chVh thu* ds uke ls e'kgwj gSA ;g VekVj ds vanj ,d t+gj iSnk djrk gS ftls izkÑfrd dhVuk'kh dgk x;k gSA bl rjg VekVj esa Nsn djds mldk jl pwlus okyh bfYy;ka ml ij geyk djsaxh] rks ej tk,axhaA ;kuh ;g nkok fd;k x;k fd vxj bl VekVj dh [ksrh dh xbZ rks fdlkuksa dks dhVuk'kh nokvksa dk fNM+dko ugha djuk iM+sxkA vejhdh Ñf"k foHkkx us bl ij rhu lky rd ijh{k.k djus ds ckn ^5345* VekVj dh O;kikfjd [ksrh djus dh btktr ns nhA ml le; Hkh i;kZoj.k ds izfr fpafrr i=dkjksa vkSj foKku&ys[kdksa us ;g loky mBk;k Fkk fd bl VekVj esa Mkyk x;k ^chVh thu* VekVj dh Qly ls vklikl mxs [kjirokjksa esa ugha igqapsxk] bl ckr dh D;k xkj.Vh gS\ lkFk gh bls Hkh miHkksDrkvksa us vLohdkj dj fn;k rks fdlkuksa ds uqdlku dh HkjikbZ dkSu djsxk\ lu~ 1996 esa dikl esa yxus okyh lwaM+h ^vesfjdu ckWyoeZ* us eksalk.Vks ds ml dikl ij Hkh geyk cksyk ftlesa ^chVh thu* Mkydj ;g <+ksy ihVk x;k Fkk fd ^chVh dkWVu* ij dksbZ dhM+k ugha yxsxkA mÙkjh vejhdk esa tkWftZ;k vkSj VSDlkl esa fdlkuksa us eksalk.Vks dks ^chVh dikl* dh [ksrh dh vkSj Hkkjh uqdlku mBk;kA bu 97

fdlkuksa us ekslk.Vks dh ^chVh dikl* mxkus ds fy, izfr ,dM+ 32 MkWyj ykblsal Qhl nh Fkh rkfd Qly dhV&O;kf/k;ksa ls lqjf{kr jgsA bldh ctk, bUgsa Hkkjh uqdlku mBkuk iM+kA eksalk.Vks dh vksj ls bl ^chVh dikl* dk cht vejhdk dh ^MsYVk ,.M ikbuyS.M* uked daiuh us fdlkuksa dks cspk Fkk] mlh rjg tSls Hkkjr esa eksalk.Vks ds ^chVh dkWVu* dk cht egkjk"Vª dh ^ekfgdks* uked daiuh csp jgh gSA tSls gh vejhdh fdlkuksa dh ^chVks dikl* dh Qly ekjs tkus dk lekpkj QSyk] ^MsYVk ,.M ikbu yS.M* daiuh ds 'ks;j yq<+d x,A ;gka fQj ;fn fnyknsa fd ;g ^chVh dkWVu* Hkh vejhdh Ñf"k foHkkx vkSj i;kZoj.k j{kk ,tsalh ¼bZ-ih-,-½ nksuksa us LohÑr fd;k FkkA eSa dbZ ckj vius fo'ys"k.kkRed ys[kksa esa ;g iz'u mBk pqdk gwa fd vejhdk dk Ñf"k foHkkx ,slh rduhfd;ksa dks D;ksa c<+kok nsrk gS] ftUgsa Bhd ls tkapk&ij[kk ugha x;kA vejhdh Ñf"k foHkkx vkSj cgqjk"Vªh; cht daifu;ka ;g ugha crkrha fd vejhdk esa ^chVh thu* okyh dikl dh dbZ fdLeksa dh [ksrh ij bl Mj ls ikcanh yxkbZ xbZ Fkh fd dgha bldk ^VkWfDlu* ¼thofo"k½ iSnk djus okyk thu i;kZoj.k esa eqDr gksdj dksbZ foink u [kM+h dj nsA bl izkS|ksfxdh dk frfyLe bruh tYnh VwV x;k fd vejhdk dh i;kZoj.k&j{kk ,tsl a h dks ;g fu;e cukuk iM+k fd eDdk dh ubZ chVh fdLesa fdlkuksa ds eDdk ds [ksrksa ds ,d fgLls esa gh cksbZ tk,axha vkSj mUgsa vyx ls iwjs [ksr esa ugha cks;k tk,xkA dkWusZy ;wfuoflZVh ds oSKkfudksa us tkap djus ij ;g urhtk fudkyk fd [ksrksa esa cksbZ xbZ chVh thu okyh eDdk ds dkj.k eksukdZ frryh dh ekSr gks ldrh gSA lHkh fdlku HkkbZ tkurs gSa fd frrfy;ka Qlyksa esa ijkax.k djds mudh iSnkokj c<+krh gSaA ysfdu ftu phtksa ij vejhdk vius ;gka ikcanh yxkrk gS] mUgsa fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa iVdus ij mls dksbZ ,rjkt ugha gksrkA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ^chVh dikl* dks vkSj chVh eDdk dks rFkk vU; chVh thu okyh fdLeksa dks Hkkjr tSls fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa ykus dh dksf'k'k dh tk jgh gSA vejhdk dk Ñf"k foHkkx Hkh bl ij BIik yxk nsrk gS fd ijkthuh Qlysa i;kZoj.k ds fy, dksbZ [krjk iSnk ugha djrhaA tkfgj gS fd mls Hkh cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dh dekbZ dh T;knk fQØ gS] fdlkuksa dh ughaA tc T;knk ncko iM+k rks vejhdk ds Ñf"k foHkkx dks ;g ekuuk iM+k fd mlus ijkthuh Qlyksa ds i;kZoj.k laca/kh [krjksa ds ckjs esa dksbZ ijh{k.k ugha fd, gSa vkSj ,sls ijh{k.k djus dh mldh dksbZ ;kstuk Hkh ugha gSA ijkthuh lkexzh dks i;kZoj.k esa NksM+us ls igys D;k&D;k lko/kkuh cjruh pkfg,] blds fy, rks og cM+s lkQ fu;e cukrk gS] ysfdu flQZ nwljksa ds fy,A ysfdu vxj ijkthuh Qlysa i;kZoj.k esa dksbZ foink [kM+h dj nsa rks bldh ftEesnkjh vius flj ysus ds fy, rS;kj ughaA vejhdh Ñf"k foHkkx Lo;a bl ckjs esa dksbZ vuqla/kku ugha dj jgk fd ijkthuh Qlyksa dk i;kZoj.k ij D;k vlj iM+sxkA mlus rks cl ,d gh ftEesnkjh fuHkkuh gS fd vejhdk dh cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds O;kikfjd fgrksa dks nqfu;k Hkj esa c<+k;k tk, vkSj mudh j{kk dh tk,A

tgka rd ,f'k;k&iz'kkar {ks= ds fdlkuksa dk iz'u gS] ;gka ds vf/kdrj fdlku xjhc gSa vkSj fdlh rjg dk [krjk ugha mBk ldrsA bu ns'kksa esa Qly&chek dh dksbZ Bksl ;kstuk,a Hkh <ax ls dk;kZfUor ugha gqbZ gSaA blfy, mudks thfu;kxjh ls rS;kj ijkthuh Qlyksa ds cht cspus ls igys ;k dksbZ vU; tSo izkS|ksfxd iz.kkyh Fkekus ls igys mldh ykxr D;k iM+sxh vkSj mlls D;k equkQk gksxk] bldk iwjk fglkc yxk ysuk pkfg,A vkSj ykxr esa i;kZoj.k ds fy, vk'kafdr ladV Hkh 'kkfey fd, tkus pkfg,A bl ckjs esa tSo izkS|ksfxdh ds vkykspdksa dk izLrko ;g gS fd ^tks iznw"k.k iSnk djs] ogh mlds uqdlku dks Hkjs* dk fl)kar ;gka Hkh ykxw fd;k tk,A tSo izkS|ksfxdh viukus ls vxj fdlkuksa dk dksbZ uqdlku gksrk gS] rks mldh HkjikbZ ck;ksVSd daifu;ka djsaxha] ;g xkjaVh ljdkj dks muls ysuh pkfg,A vxj blds fcuk gh bu daifu;ksa dks ijkthuh Qlyksa ds cht cspus vkSj nwljh ijkthuh oLrq,a cktkj esa ykus dh NwV ns nh xbZ] rks fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds xjhc fdlku vkxs pydj u tkus dSls ladV esa Qal tk,aA ysfdu yxrk gS Hkkjr lfgr vf/kdrj fodkl'khy ns'kksa dks fons'kh iwath fuos'k dk ykyp ftruk T;knk gS] mruh T;knk vius xjhc fdlkuksa dh fpark mUgsa ugha lrkrhA thfu;kxjh ls iSnk dh xbZ Qlyksa dh [ksrh djus ls i;kZoj.k esa ladV dh ftruh Hkh vk'kadk,a izdV dh tk jgh gSa] os gokbZ ugha gSaA muds ihNs Bksl dkj.k gSaA lapkj ek/;eksa esa mudk vPNk izpkj gqvk gS vkSj tSo izkS|ksfxdh dh [kkfe;ksa dks [kwc vPNh rjg le>k;k x;k gSA bl rjg ds dbZ mnkgj.k feyrs gSa] tc i;kZoj.k esa ijk, thu ijkthuh Qlyksa ls ckgj vkdj nwljs ikS/kksa esa tk ?kqls gSaA ljlksa dqy dh fryguh Qly ^jsilhM* esa [kjikrjks/kh oa'kk.kq Mkys x, FksA ;s thu ^jsilhM* dh taxyh iztkfr;ksa esa Hkh tk igqapsA ge ;g crk pqds gSa fd chVh thu okyh eDdk dk tgj frrfy;ksa ds fy, Hkh ?kkrd fl) gqvk gSA ;g ckr vejhdk dh gh dksusZy ;wfuoflZVh ds oSKkfudksa us fl) dj nh gSA lp rks ;g gS fd bl rjg ds [krjs fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa T;knk gks ldrs gSa] D;ksfd ;gka isM+&ikS/kksa vkSj tho&tarqvksa esa tSo fofo/krk vf/kd gSA buds blh dqnjrh [ktkus ij rks nqfu;k Hkj dh vka[ksa xM+h gqbZ gSaA tku&cw>dj ;gka ds i;kZoj.k esa dksbZ Hkh ijkthuh inkFkZ NksM+k x;k rks mlds rkRdkfyd vkSj nwjxkeh ifj.kke fdrus [krjukd gksasxs] mudk vanktk yxkuk Hkh eqf'dy gSA blfy, fodkl'khy ns'kksa dks vius ;gka bl tSo&iznw"k.k ls cpus ds fy, iwjh rS;kjh djuh gksxhA

rhljh nqfu;k ysfdu bl thfu;kxjh dh rduhd ls rhljh nqfu;k esa Hkw[k vkSj dqiks"k.k feVkus ij dksbZ ldkjkRed ;k udkjkRed izHkko iM+sxk ;k ugha] bl ckjs esa ehfM;k us mruk /;ku ugha fn;kA 'kk;n bldk ,d dkj.k ;g Hkh gS fd nf{k.kh fo'o dh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ls tqM+s eqÃksa vkSj bl rhljh nqfu;k ds lkeus [kM+h pqukSfr;ksa dk Hkh mUgsa mruk Kku ugha gS] ftruk fd gksuk pkfg,A ;g blfy, cgqr t:jh gS fd rhljh nqfu;k ds HkkX; dk QSlyk nqHkkZX;o'k vkt Hkh if'peh ns'k gh djrs gSaA esjk 99

viuk fopkj ;g gS fd Ñf"k laca/kh tSo izkS|ksfxdh ewyr% if'peh cktkjksa ds fy, fodflr dh xbZ gSA fodflr ns'kksa dh fdlh Hkh iz;ksx'kkyk esa ,slh tSo izkS|ksfxdh fodflr djus ds iz;kl ugha fd, tk jgs] tks fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh c<+rh [kk|kUu&vko';drk dh iwfrZ esa lgk;rk djsA dFkuh vkSj djuh ds chp ;gka Hkh cgqr cM+h [kkbZ gSA tSo izkS|ksfxdh ls tqMs+ m|ksx ,sls mRikn cukus esa yxs gSa] ftudk mÙkjh fo'o esa vf/kd mi;ksx gks ldrk gSA nf{k.kh fo'o esa bUgsa dsoy blfy, iVdk tk jgk gS] D;ksafd cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka csgn ykyph gSa vkSj T;knk ls T;knk equkQk dekuk pkgrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, xk;ksa esa nw/k dh ek=k c<+kus ds fy, thfu;kxjh ls ,d gkeksZu cuk;k x;k] ftls ^fjdEckbusaV cksokbu xzksFk gkeksZu (r BGH) dgk tkrk gSA ;g vly esa rks vejhdh vkSj ;wjksih i'kqikydksa ds fy, cuk;k x;k FkkA nkok fd;k x;k fd bl gkeksZu ds batsD'ku ckj&ckj yxk, tk,a rks xk;&HkSal esa nw/k dh iSnkokj 15 izfr'kr rd c<+ tkrh gSA ysfdu ;wjksih la?k us bl gkeksZu ds bLrseky ij lu~ 2000 rd ikcanh yxk nh rks vc ck;ksVSd&m|ksx dks fpark lrkbZ vkSj og cktkj <wa<+us yxkA ysfdu bl gkeksZu dh lqb;ksa dk xk;ksa ij bruk cqjk vlj iM+k fd m/kj rks ;wjksih la?k us ikcanh dh vof/k c<+kus dk QSlyk fd;k vkSj b/kj rhljh nqfu;k esa Hkh bl gkeksZu ds f[kykQ tu&psruk mHkjhA ;g gkeksZu xk;&HkSl esa vusd leL;k,a iSnk djrk gSa] ftuesa nuSyk ¼esLVkbfVl½ jksx Hkh 'kkfey gS vkSj tgka lqbZ yxkbZ tkrh gS] ogka dh ekalisf'k;ka lwt tkrh gSa vkSj tkuoj dks cM+h rdyhQ gksrh gSA ysfdu if'peh nqfu;k dh daifu;ka rks tkuojksa dks Hkh ,d QSDVjh gh le>rh gSaA os mudk nq[knnZ D;k tkusaA blfy, i'kq&LokLF; laca/kh [krjs rFkk uSfrd vkSj /kkfeZd iz'u lcdh vuns[kh dh xbZA ftu xk;&HkSlksa dks gkeksZu dh lqb;ka yxkdj nw/k c<+k;k tkrk gS] muds nw/k dk ekuo&LokLF; ij D;k izHkko iM+rk gS] bl ckjs esa izkIr vuqla/kku ds ifj.kke fooknkLin gSa fQj Hkh dukMk dh ^i'kq&oSKkfud mik;ksa dh oSKkfud lfefr* ¼dukfM;u lkbaVhfQd desVh vkWu osVsfjujh estlZ½ us ;wjksih la?k dks ,d fjiksVZ Hksth FkhA blesa crk;k x;k fd bu i'kqvksa ds nw/k esa ^vkbZ-th-,Q&1* ds Lrj vkSj bl nw/k dks ihus okys L=h&iq#"kksa esa Lru&dSalj rFkk izksLVsV dSalj dk [krjk c<+us ds chp fparktud laca/k ik;k x;k gSA ^vkbZ-th,Q&1* dk eryc gS ^balqfyu ykbd xzksFk QSDVj*] tks fd nw/k esa izkÑfrd :i ls ik;k tkrk gSA ysfdu tc xk;&HkSl esa ^fjdEckbus.V cksokbu xzksFk gkeksZu* dk batsD'ku yxk;k tkrk gS rks bl balqfyu tSls o`f)&dkjd ¼vkbZ-th-,Q&1½ dh ek=k vlkekU; :i ls c<+ tkrh gSA Hkkjr] czkthy vkSj vts±fVuk esa tkuojksa vkSj mudk nw/k ihus okys euq";ksa ij bl gkeksZu ds izHkko ds ckjs esa dksbZ oSKkfud ijh{k.k ugha fd, x, FksA ,d rks ;g gkeksZu ftl vuqla/kku ls fodflr fd;k x;k] og fons'kh uLyksa ij fd;k x;k Fkk] Hkkjrh; uLyksa ij ughaA gekjs ns'k dh xk;&HkSl dh uLyas Hkys gh de nw/k nsrh gksa] 100

ysfdu ;gka dh xehZ vkSj ueh cnkZ'r dj ysrh gSa vkSj dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh i'kqikydksa dks lgkjk nsrh gSaA ftuds ikl vius tkuoj ugha gS] os xjhc cktkj ls [kjhndj nw/k ugha ih ldrsA bl gkeksZu ds bLrseky ls bu xjhcksa dk Hkyk D;k Qk;nk gksxkA nwljh vksj fodflr ns'kksa esa rks igys gh nw/k dh ufn;kaa cg jgh gSA vejhdk] ;wjksih la?k] vkLVªsfy;k vkSj U;wthyS.M rhljh nqfu;k esa viuk nw/k vkSj nw/k ls cuh Msjh dh oLrq,a lLrh njksa ij iVd jgs gSaA Hkkjr esa Hkh nw/k dh iSnkokj vc bruh c<+ xbZ gS fd og fo'o esa izFke LFkku ij vk x;k gS] fQj Hkh fo'o O;kikj laxBu ds ncko esa vU; Ñf"k&oLrqvksa ds lkFk gh fons'kh Msjh&mRiknksa ds fy, Hkh Hkkjr us vius }kj [kksy fn, gSa! bl leL;k dk ,d vkSj igyw ;g gS fd vc tSo izkS|ksfxdh tSls fo"k;ksa ij vuqla/kku ds fy, foÙkh; O;oLFkk ljdkjsa rks de dj jgh gSa] m|ksx T;knk dj jgs gSaA m|ksx ftl dke esa iwath yxkrs gSa] mldk Qk;nk [kqn gh mBkuk pkgrs gSaA turk ij D;k vlj iM+sxk] [kk|&lqj{kk fcxM+sxh ;k lq/kjsxh] bldh mudks fpark ugha gksrhA Ñf"k laca/kh tSo izkS|ksfxdh ds mRiknksa dks cktkj esa iVdus ls igys fdlkuksa ls dksbZ ugha iwNrk fd ;s rduhdsa ;k phtsa muds dke dh gSa ;k ughaA bl rjg ck;ksVsDuksykWth ,slh izkS|ksfxdh cu xbZ gSa] ftl ij lekt dk dksbZ o'k ugha gS vkSj fdlkuksa dk rks fcYdqy gh ughaA fdlh Hkh ck;ksVsd&daiuh ds dksbZ vk/kk ntZu vf/kdkjh okrkuqdwfyr d{k esa cSBdj tks Hkh QSlyk dj nsrs gSa] og lcdks ekuuk iM+rk gS] Hkys gh bl QSlys dk vlj djksM+ksa fdlkuksa dh vkthfodk ij D;ksa u iM+rk gksA bu vf/kdkfj;ksa dh fo'ks"kKrk dks pqukSrh nsuk ehfM;k dk drZO; gS] rkfd fdlkuksa ds fgrksa dh j{kk gksA tSo izkS|ksfxdh dks foKku txr esa ^dfVax ,st VsDuksykWth* tSls lqgkous fo'ks"k.kksa ls foHkwf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA lkFk gh bls Hkkstu esa fofo/krk ykus rFkk fo'o esa [kk|kUu dh deh feVkdj Hkw[k ls eqfDr ykus dk czãkL= crk;k tkrk gSA bl nkos dks izpkfjr djus okys ;g Hkwy tkrs gSa fd nqfu;k esa Hkq[kejh vkSj dqiks"k.k blfy, ugha gS fd vUu dh deh gSA bldk dkj.k ;gh gS fd vUu mu rd ugha igqap ikrk] ftudks mldh lcls T;knk t:jr gSA bl rjg ds reke nkoksa dk fo'ys"k.k djds yksxksa rd lgh tkudkjh igqapkus dh ftEesnkjh ehfM;k dh gSA blds fy, fdlh Hkh izkS|ksfxdh dh dsoy vkykspuk djus ls u rks turk ij lgh izHkko iM+sxk vkSj u uhfr&fuekZrkvksa ijA blds fy, t:jh gS fd vkykspuk iwjs vkadM+ksa vkSj izek.kksa ds lkFk dh tk,A mnkgj.k ds fy, ijkthuh thoksa ¼ftusfVdyh eksMhQkbM vkWxsZfuTEl & th-,e-vks-½ ds fy, dgk tkrk gS fd os jklk;fud dhVukf'k;ksa ds ^fo"kpØ* ls fo'o dh eqDr dj nsaxs] D;ksafd os i;kZoj.k ds fe= gSa vkSj ijkthuh Qlyksa ij dhVuk'kh nok,a fNM+dus dh t:jr gh ugha iM+sxhA [kklrkSj ls chVh&dikl dh Qly ds ckjs esa cM+s&cM+s nkos fd, x,A blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha fd Hkkjr esa 55 izfr'kr dhVuk'kh nok,a dikl dh Qly ij gh fNM+dh tkrh gSA ;g Hkh lp gS fd dhVuk'kh nokvksa dh pkSFkh ih<+h ds 101

flaFksfVd ikbjsFkzksbM dk Hkh vesfjdu ckWyoeZ ¼gsfydkoikZ vkehZtsjh½ ij vc dksbZ vlj ugha iM+rkA ysfdu vxj ;g dhVO;kf/k ^chVh* ds izfr Hkh jks/kh gks xbZ] rks D;k gksxk\ igys gh dqN dhVksa esa ^chVh* ds izfr jksf/krk vk pqdh gSA vxj chVh&dikl dks Hkh vejhdh ckWyoeZ [kk x;k rks u tkus fdrus fdlkuksa dks vkRegR;k djuh iM+sxhA bl rjg ;g ^tSfod fo"kpØ*] ^jklk;fud fo"kpØ* ls Hkh T;knk [krjukd lkfcr gksxkA ,d ckj i;kZoj.k esa dksbZ thu ¼oa'kk.kq½ NksM+ fn;k x;k rks fQj mls okil ugha cqyk;k tk ldrkA blfy, bl leL;k dk gy ijkthuh Qlysa ugha gSaA ;gka ;g ckr vPNh rjg le> ysuh pkfg, fd tSlk dqnjr esa dHkh ugha gqvk] og djds vizkÑfrd :i ls nwljh iztkfr;ksa] izkf.k;ksa] ;gka rd fd vkneh ds thu Qlyksa esa Mkyus ls oSKkfud ,d ,slh ubZ l`f"V dj ldrs gSa] ftl ij gekjk dksbZ o'k ugha gksxkA

Hk;kog Hkfo"; bl ckjhd rduhdh dh vlfy;r mtkxj djus ds fy, lcdks blds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsuk t:jh gSA vHkh rks bldk vlyh vlj irk yxus esa gh nl lky yx tkus gSaA gka] dqN NqViqV ?kVuk,a vkus okys fnuksa dk vglkl t:j djk nsrh gSaA nl lky rd bartkj fd;k rks ftruh gkfu gksuh gS] gks ysxhA oYMZ okp baLVhV~;wV ds yhLVj czkmu us ,d ckj i;kZoj.k&leL;k ds ckjs esa dgk Fkk fd Þgekjs ikl pan lky gh ckdh gSa] ihf<+;k ughaAß ;gh ckr tSo izkS|ksfxdh ij Hkh ykxw gksrh gSA cfYd ;gka rks ifjorZu bruh rsth ls yk, tk jgs gSa fd gekjs ikl budh Nkuchu ds fy, Hkh oDr ugha cpkA vc iztkfr;ksa ds chp dksbZ nhokj ugha jghA lkjs isM+&ikS/ks vkSj reke tho&tarq ,d nwljs ds thu xìeì djds cnys tk ldrs gSaA lsc dk Lokn nsus okyk dsyk] jkr esa vka[ksa pedkus okyk [kjxks'k] tqxuw&tSlh ped Qsadus okyk rackdw dk ikS/kk & ;s lc gj g¶rs gks jgk gSA iz;ksx'kkykvksa esa D;k&D;k fd;k tk jgk gS] bldk fdlh dks ugha irkA ck;ksVSd&m|ksx dgrk gS fd Hkw[k feVk nsaxs] jksx feVk nsaxs] ÅtkZ dh leL;k gy dj nsaxs vkSj og Hkh de ykxr esaA ysfdu ck;ksVSd&m|ksx lekt dks fdl rjg izHkkfor djsxk] vFkZO;oLFkk ij D;k izHkko iM+sxk] rhljh nqfu;k ds lk/kughu xjhcksa ij D;k chrsxh] mudh vkthfodk&lqj{kk dk D;k gksxk\ vusd uSfrd vkSj /kkfeZd iz'uksa dk D;k gksxk\ bl ij ck;ksVSd&m|ksx ekSu gSA pwa Hkh ugha djrsA vejhdk us nkok fd;k Fkk fd thfu;kxjh ls rS;kj Qlysa lu~ 2000 rd vejhdk esa eDdk dh iSnkokj esa 21 izfr'kr] lks;kchu dh iSnkokj esa 68 izfr'kr vkSj xsgwa dh iSnkokj esa 35 izfr'kr dh c<+ksrjh dj nsaxhA ysfdu bu Qlyksa ds vf/kd mRiknu ls D;k gksxk\ ;gh gksxk fd varjkZ"Vªh; eaMh esa bu vuktksa ds nke fxjsaxsA vkt lu~ 102

2002 esa ;gh gks jgk gS fd vuktksa dh dhersa fo'oLrj ij cjkcj fxj jgh gSA tkfgj gS fd Qkyrw vukt fdlh u fdlh cgkus ls rhljh nqfu;k esa iVdk tk,xkA tSo izkS|ksfxdh nqfu;k esa ^vkuqoaf'kd nfjnzrk* dks gh c<+kok nsxhA tSo izkS|ksfxdh rhljh nqfu;k ds xjhc fdlkuksa ds isV ij ykr ekjus dh rduhdsa gh iSnk dj jgh gSA Qlyksa ls feyus okys jlk;u iz;ksx'kkyk esa cuk ysaxs] rks Qlysa dkSu [kjhnsxkA ij[kuyh esa gh ;s jlk;u cuk fy, tk,axsA mnkgj.k ds fy, ^dksdks cVj* pkdysV cukus esa dke vkrk gSA dksdks ds ikS/ks gekjs ns'k esa nf{k.k Hkkjr esa [kklrkSj ls dsjy esa mxk, tkrs gSaA vc thfu;kxjh ls ^dksdks cVj* ij[kuyh esa gh iSnk fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;kuh dksdks&mRikndksa dh vkthfodk fNuus dk [krjk iSnk gks x;k gSA bl rjg dh thfu;kxjh dh lwph cM+h yach gSA ;s oSKkfud [kkstsa gesa peRÃ&#x2018;r djrh gSA exj lkFk gh Hkjekrh Hkh gSaA ehfM;k Hkh dHkh&dHkh Hkjek tkrk gSA lkjh [kcjsa gh ckgj ls vkrh gSaA mUgsa T;ksa dk R;ksa Nki nsus ls ehfM;k dk nkf;Ro iwjk ugha gksrkA gesa muds xq.k&nks"k ij[kus gksaxsA ehfM;k lkekftd ifjorZu dk vkStkj jgk gS vkSj jgsxkA tSo izkS|ksfxdh ds ekeys esa Hkh mls viuh lkekftd Hkwfedk fuHkkuh gksxhA

103

6- tSo izkS|ksfxdh Hkw[k ugha feVk;sxh Hkkjr ds iwoZ iz/kkuea=h Lo- eksjkjth nslkbZ ,d vfyf[kr fu;e dk ikyu fd;k djrs FksA os fdlh ,slh lHkk ;k lEesyu dk mn~?kkVu djus ugha tkrs Fks] ftldk fo"k; xzkeh.k fodkl ls tqM+k gqvk u gksA muds dk;Zdky esa ubZ fnYyh esa oSKkfud m|ksx us ,d lEesyu dk vk;kstu fd;kA ;g vUrjkZ"Vªh; lEesyu Fkk vkSj iz/kkuea=h ls gh bldk mn~?kkVu djk;k tkuk FkkA vr% eksjkjth HkkbZ dks larq"V djus ds fy, bl lEesyu dk fo"k; j[kk x;k ^,;jksMkbusfeDl ,.M :jy Msoyies.V* vFkkZr~ ôk;qxfrdh vkSj xzkeh.k fodkl*A ;g pky varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij Hkh pyh tkrh gSA rHkh rks tSoizkS|ksfxdh ds fy, cjkcj ;g nkok fd;k tkrk gS fd ;g Hkw[k vkSj xjhch feVkus dk vpwd mik; gSA vc u;k ea= ;g gS fd xjhcksa dh leL;kvksa ds lek/kku ds fy, izkS|ksfxdh dk Qk;nk mBk;k tk,A ^;w- ,u- Mh- ih* vFkkZr~ ^la;qDr jk"Vª fodkl dk;Zdze* us Hkh bl ea= dk tki djuk 'kq: dj fn;k gSA blus lu~ 2001 dh ekuo fodkl fjiksVZ tkjh dh rks mldk 'kh"kZd ;gh j[kk fd êsfdax U;w VsDuksykstht odZ QkWj n g~;weu Msoyiesa.V* ;kuh ûbZ izkS|ksfxfd;ksa dks ekuo fodkl esa yxk;k tk,*A ;g ck;ksVSd&m|ksx }kjk izsfjr ,d vkSj v/;;u gS] ftlesa ;g Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS fd îzkS|ksfxdh cktkj ds ncko ls fodflr gksrh gS] u fd xjhcksa dh t+:jrksa ls ftudh dz;&'kfDr cgqr de gksrh gSA** ysfdu bl ds ckn rks iwjh fjiksVZ esa ml izkS|ksfxdh ds xqu xk, x, gSa tks if'pe dh iz;ksx'kkykvksa esa fodflr dh xbZ vkSj Bhd ls tkaps cxSj Hkw[k vkSj xjhch feVkus ds uke ij rhljh nqfu;k ds lk/kughu fdlkuksa ij Fkksih tk jgh gSA ysfdu ,d ckr cjkcj NqikbZ xbZ gS fd Hkw[kksa dks Hkkstu pkfg, u fd rduhdA vkSj Hkkstu dh dksbZ deh ugha gSA blesa ftl foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh dks ^dfVax ,st* ;kuh rst+ /kkj okyh crk;k x;k gS] og vkSj dksbZ ugha ck;ksVSDuksyksth gSA blds ckjs esa dgk x;k gS fd fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa vuqla/kku dh mPpdksfV dh iz;ksx'kkykvksa esa bl ckjs esa Bksl ifj.kke feys gSa fd tSo izkS|ksfxdh ekuo&tkfr dh lfn;ksa iqjkuh leL;k & xjhch & dks fdruh vklkuh ls feVk ldrh gSA bl fjiksVZ esa ;g psrkouh Hkh nh xbZ gS fd ^^;fn fodkl'khy ns'kksa us [kk|kUu] fpfdRlk vkSj lwpuk ds {ks= esa ubZ lw>cw> Hkjh izkS|ksfxdh ds foLQksV ls eqag eksM+ fy;k rks os gkf'k, ij pys tk,axsA* vly esa bl fjiksVZ ds ihNs Hkh vejhdk dh og grk'kk ut+j vkrh gS] tks mlesa gj rjg ls dksf'k'k djus ds ckn Hkh ijkthuh [kk|kUu dks nqfu;k ij Fkksius esa vlQy gksus ds dkj.k iSnk gqbZ gSA [kk|kUu lgk;rk ds uke ij vQzhdk ds Ldwyh cPpksa dks Hkh 104

ijkthuh [kk|kUu nsus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZA Hkkjr esa Hkh mM+hlk esa ijkthuh lks;kchu varjkZ"Vªh; lgk;rk ds jkLrs igqapkus ds lekpkj feys FksA ysfdu bl rjg dh dksf'k'kksa dk xjhc ns'kksa us Hkh fojks/k fd;kA ysfdu ;g rks gn gh gks xbZ fd ^la;qDr jk"Vª fodkl dk;Zdze* dh okf"kZd fjiksVZ dks Hkh vejhdh fgrksa dh lqj{kk dk ek/;e cukrs gq, blesa ck;ksVSDuksyksth dh odkyr dh xbZA blls la;qDr jk"Vª ds ekuo&fodkl laca/kh dk;Zdzeksa ij Hkh maxfy;ka mBus yxasxhaA bl fjiksVZ esa tSoizkS|ksfxdh dh egRrk crkrs gq, nyhy nh xbZ gS fd tks bykds gfjr dzkafr ds Li'kZ ls oafpr jgs Fks vksj tgka nqfu;k dh lcls xjhc vk/kh vkcknh clh gqbZ gS] mu d`f"k vkSj i'kqikyu ij fuHkZj nfjnz ifjokjksa ds fy, vk'kk dh fdj.k cudj vkbZ gS tSo izkS|ksfxdhA muds ikl blds flok dksbZ vkSj fodYi ugha gSA blesa dksbZ lansg ugha gS fd gfjr dzkafr us fo'o ds dqN vR;ar dfBu izns'kksa esa jgus okys yksxksa dks Nqvk gh ughaA ysfdu ftl rjg ls bl cM+h ckjhd izkS|ksfxdh dks NksVs vkSj lhekar fdlkuksa ds fy, ojnku crk;k tk jgk gS] og lQsn >wB gS D;ksafd ;g izkS|ksfxdh gj gkyr esa NksVs vkSj lhekar fdlkuksa dh cxy ls fudy tk,xh vkSj mu ij blds NhaVs Hkh ugha iMs+axsA nqfu;k ds ,d frgkbZ Hkw[ks vkSj xjhc yksx Hkkjr esa clrs gSaA ;fn Hkkjr bu yxHkx 32 djksM+ yksxksa dh xjhch vkSj Hkw[k feVk ns] rks ,d rjg ls iwjh nqfu;k ds ekFks ij ls bl dyad dk vf/kdka'k feV tk,xkA ysfdu geus rks nqfu;k ds lkeus ^ty fcp ehu fi;klh* dk ,slk 'keZukd uewuk is'k dj fn;k fd ekuo ds bfrgkl esa oSlk mnkgj.k dksbZ vkSj ugha feyrkA 6 djksM+ Vu ls vf/kd vukt xksnkeksa esa Hkjk jgk vkSj mleas ls cgqr&lk pwgs vkSj dhMs+&edksM+s [kkrs jgs vkSj nwljh vksj yksx Hkq[kejh ds f'kdkj gksrs jgsA gekjs iM+kSlh ns'kksa & ckaXykns'k vkSj ikfdLrku esa Hkh ljdkjh xksnkeksa esa vukt Hkjk iM+k gSA bu ns'kksa esa ls fdlh us Hh bruk jktuhfrd lkgl ugha fn[kk;k fd Qkyrw tek gks jgs vukt dks Hkw[kksa rd igqapkrsA vukt ds igkM+kas rys Hkw[k iuirh jgh vkSj Hkw[ks yksx filrs jgsA 21 oha lnh dh bl lcls Hk;adj Hkwy ds izfr fo'o ds oSKkfudksa vkSj fodkl dfeZ;ka us Hkh dksbZ vkokt ugha cqyan dhA vkf[kjdkj foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh dk eryc D;k gS & ;gh fd og /kjrh ds ekFks ls Hkw[k dk dyad feVk nsA gfjr dzkafr dk mÌs'; Hkw[k ls fuiVuk gh Fkk vkSj viuh lhekvksa esa ;g y{; c[kwch iwjk fd;k x;kA ysfdu vkt tc vukt ds igkM+ [kM+s gks x, gSa rks fo'o leqnk; mls lM+us rks ns jgk gS] ysfdu mu Hkw[ks xjhcksa rd ugha igqapk jgk] ftuds ikl bls [kjhnus ds fy, iSls ugha gSaA QksMZ Qkm.Ms'ku] jkWdQSyj Qkm.Ms'ku] ,D'ku,M] fdzf'p;u ,M] vkWDlQSe] fczfV'k Mh- ,Q- vkb- Mhvkfn dksbZ Hkh fcYyh ds xys ?kaVh cka/kus dks rS;kj ugha gSA blds fy, HkxhjFk&iz;kl djus dh t+:jr Fkh ftlls ^,Q- ,- vks-* us Hkh eqag eksM+ fy;k gSA bldh ctk; os ikap lky igys fd, x, fo'o [kk| f'k[kj lEesyu ¼oYMZ QwM lfeV½ dks fQj ls nqgjkus esa yx x,A bl lEesyu eas fo'o ds jk"Vªk/;{kkssa us fQj 105

ls ok;nk fd;k fd os lu~ 2015 rd nqfu;k esa Hkw[ks jgus okys xjhcksa dh fxurh ?kVkdj vk/kh dj nsaxsA Hkw[k vkSj dqiks"k.k dh okLrfodrk,a iwjh rjg le>h tk ldsa] ;g Hkh vklku ugha gSA xkaoksa esa eksckby Qksu ckaVus ls xzkeh.k Hkw[k dk isV ugha HkjsxkA foVkfeu ^,* ds oa'kk.kq Qlyksa esa Mkydj rS;kj dh xbZ ijkthuh Qlysa Hkh xjhcksa dh Hkw[k ugha feVk ldrhaA u,&u, [kk| inkFkksaZ ds fodYi izLrqr djds Hkh Hkw[kksa dk isV ugha Hkjk tk ldrkA ftUgksaus ekuo fodkl fjiksVZ rS;kj dh gS os m|ksxksa ds ck;ksVZd laca/kh fgrksa dh j{kk esa yx x, vkSj mUgksaus t+ehuh lpkb;ksa ij /;ku ugha fn;kA os bl eagxh izkS|ksfxdh dh fgek;r djus dh /kqu esa ;g Hkh Hkwy x, fd ftu xjhcksa dh dher ij os bl izkS|ksfxdh dks vkxs c<+kuk pkgrs gSa] muds vkSj vehjksa ds chp dh [kkbZ ;g izkS|ksfxdh vkSj Hkh T+;knk c<+k;sxhA bl fo'kky varjky dks dksbZ uhfr&funsZ'k ugha Hkj ldrkA HkweaMyhdj.k vkSj izkS|ksfxdh dzkafr nksukas dks vkfFkZd fodkl dk tqM+oka batu crk;k tk jgk gS tc fd os bl [kkbZ dks vkSj Hkh pkSM+k djasxsA oLrqr% tSoizkS|ksfxdh yksxksa dks Hkw[k ds tcM+ksa esa vkSj Hkh rst+h ls /kdsy nsxhA vkus okys o"kksZa esa Hkw[k vkSj Hkh T+;knk yksxksa dks nckspsxh D;ksafd t+ehuh lpkb;ksa dks nj fdukj dj ds yksxksa dk /;ku] /ku vkSj lalk/ku fQtwy dh rduhdksa esa xaok fn, tk,axsA tc jktuhfrd usr`Ro us nqfu;k esa Hkw[kksa dh la[;k ?kVkdj vk/kh djus dh ftEesnkjh lu~ 2015 rd Vky nh] rks oSKkfud leqnk; dks Hkh da/ks ls ;g tqvk mrkj Qsadus dk ekSdk fey x;kA pkgs mRrjh fo'o esa gksa ;k nf{k.kh fo'o esa thfu;kxjh dh lHkh iz;ksx'kkyk,a bl m/ksM+cqu esa tqVh gSa fd ,slh ijkthuh Qlysa iSnk djsa tks [kkus ;ksX; Vhds iSnk djsa ;k fQj foVkfeu ^,*] yksgk vkSj vU; [kfut iSnk djus okys oa'kk.kq Mkydj dqiks"k.k ls iSnk Nqih Hkw[k feVk ldsaA ysfdu fo'o ds foKku ,oa fodkl ls tqM+s leqnk; ;g Hkwy tkrs gSa fd vxj Hkw[k feVk nh tk, rks ^Nqih Hkw[k* rks vius&vki feV tk;sxhA mnkgj.k ds fy, cgqizpkfjr ^xksYMu jkbl* dks gh ysaA bl ^lqugjs pkoy* esa foVkfeu ^,* cukus okys thu Mkys x, gSaA blesa dksbZ lansg ugha gS fd vdsys Hkkjr esa dksbZ 120 yk[k cPps] vkSjrsa vkSj vU; xjhc yksx foVkfeu ^,* dh deh ds f'kdkj gSa vkSj ;g us=ghurk iuius dk lcls cM+k dkj.k gSA ysfdu ;g dguk fd ^lqugjs pkoy* f[kykdj ;g leL;k nwj dj nh tk,xh] okLrfodrk ls eqag Qsj ysuk ekuk tk,xkA ;g Kkr gksuk pkfg, fd foVkfeu ^,* dh deh okyh vf/kdrj vkcknh fiNM+s vkSj lk/kughu ifjokjksa esa bruh nfjnzrk dh ftanxh xqtkj jgh gS fd os nksuksa oDr dh jksVh Hkh ugha tqVk ikrhA vxj mUgsa Hkj isV Hkkstu fey tk, rks fQj mUgsa foVkfeu ^,* dh deh D;ksa lrk,xh\ tks yksx lkekU; nky&jksVh Hkh ugha tqVk ikrs os Hkyk ^lqugjk pkoy* [kjhnus yk;d lk/ku dgka ls tqVk ik,axsA bl ckjs esa ^xksYMu jkbl* ds fgek;rh ekSu gSaA

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rhljh nqfu;k ds fy, ugha iwjh nqfu;k esa tSo&izkS|ksfxdh us tSlk fookn [kM+k fd;k gS] oSlk 'kk;n ,Ve&ce dks ysdj ijek.kq&izkS|ksfxdh us Hkh iSnk ugha fd;k FkkA ukfHkdh;&izkS|ksfxdh ls iSnk ,Ve&ce ls Hkh T;knk [krjukd gS ;g ck;ksVsd&ce] tks ck;ksVsDuksykWth dh nsu gSA ftl rsth ls thfu;kxjh ls rS;kj cht] Qlysa vkSj [kk| inkFkZ izpkfjr fd, tk jgs gSa] mlh rsth ls mudk fojks/k Hkh gks jgk gSA bl ekspsZ ij tu&laidZ ds fo'ks"kK vius reke gFkdaMs viukdj Hkh tSo&izkS|ksfxdh ds i{k esa turk dk leFkZu ugha tqVk ik jgs vkSj bl grk'kk us mUgsa vius gFkdaMksa dks u,&u, :i nsus esa O;Lr dj fn;k gSA mÙkjh vejhdk ds ckgj gj txg ck;ksVsDuksykWth dk fojks/k fd;k tk jgk gSA bldk lcls cM+k dkj.k ;g gS fd ck;ksVsd daifu;ka turk dks u rks bldh vPNkb;ka le>us dk ekSdk ns jgh gSa] u cqjkb;ka le>us dkA cl fdlh Hkh rjg tYnh ls tYnh ck;ksVsDuksykWth dks turk ds xys esa Bwaluk pkgrh gS fd fdruh gh dM+qbZ D;ksa u gks] yksx bls fcuk fdlh vkukdkuh ds fuxy ysaA blds fy, ljdkjh {ks= dh iz;ksx'kkykvksa esa dk;Zjr oSKkfud Hkh ftEesnkj gSa] D;ksafd muesa ls 'kk;n gh fdlh us ck;ksVsDuksykWth dk [kqydj fojks/k fd;k gksA Ñf"k ds {ks= esa tSo&izkS|ksfxdh ls D;k&D;k Qk;ns gksaxs] bldk izpkj cM+s yqHkkous rjhds ls c<+k&p<+kdj fd;k tk jgk gSA dgk tk jgk gS fd ;g lHkh Qlyksa dh vkSj i'kqvksa dh mRikndrk c<+kdj vkleku rd igqapk nsxhA iwjh nqfu;k dk isV Hkj nsxhA Hkkjr ds Ñf"k&oSKkfudksa us Hkh bu ck;ksVsd&ca/kqvksa dh gka esa gka feykuk 'kq: dj fn;kA os Hkh ck;ksVsd&fo:nkoyh xkus yxsA ysfdu [kk|kUu dh c<+rh ekax tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dSls iwjh djsxh] bldk [kqyklk dksbZ ugha djrkA budh dFkuh vkSj djuh ds chp cgqr cM+h [kkbZ gSA ck;ksVsd&m|ksx tks Hkh ubZ phtsa iSnk dj jgk gS] os dsoy vehj ns'kksa ds eryc dh gSaA os gh mudk [kpkZ Hkh mBk ldrs gSa vkSj Qk;nk HkhA rhljh nqfu;k u rks bl eagxh izkS|ksfxdh dk vkfFkZd cks> mBk ldrh gS vkSj dksbZ ykHk Hkh ugha ys ldrhA ykHk rks cl ck;ksVsd daifu;ksa dk gksxkA vxj ck;ksVsd daifu;ksa dh nqfu;k ls Hkw[k feVkus dh fpark gksrh rks os ,sls cht ykrha] tks lw[kk lg ysrs( os ,sls cht fudkyrha tks uksfu;k fefê;ksa esa Hkh iSnk gks tkrsA vly esa tSo&izkS|ksfxdh Hkw[kh nqfu;k dks [kk|&lqj{kk nsus dh ctk, cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dks equkQk&lqj{kk nsus ds fy, vorfjr gqbZ gSA dqN nkuoh; ck;ksVsd&daifu;ka bl rduhd ds izpkj ls viuk equkQk lqjlk jk{klh ds eqag dh rjg c<+krh pyh tk,axhaA vxj vukt okyh Qlyksa dh mRikndrk c<+kus esa budh fnypLih gksrh] rks mlds jkLrs Hkh [kkstrs! os jkLrs D;k gks ldrs gSa\ D;k mRikndrk c<+kus dh [kwch iSnk djus okys oa'kk.kq [kksts tk jgs gSa\ D;k ;s oa'kk.kq Qlyksa esa Mkys tk jgs gSa\ D;k iSnkokj c<+kus esa jksd yxkus okyh vkuqoaf'kd ck/kk,a rksM+us esa tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dh enn yh tk jgh gS\ nqfu;k dks jksVh vkSj pkoy f[kykus okys xsgwa&/kku {ks= esa 107

mRikndrk ,d Lrj ij igqapdj Bgj xbZ gSA bl Bgjko dks rksM+us esa D;k tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dksbZ enn dj jgh gS\ vHkh rd lw[kk] yo.krk vkSj dhV&O;kf/k;ksa dh vkSj dhV&jksf/krk dh leL;kvksa dks cl Nqvk gh x;k gSA ,d cgqr cM+k <ksy ihVk x;k Fkk fd ftl rjg nkyksa tSlh Qyh okyh Qlyksa esa gok ls ukbVªkstu [khapdj feêh esa tek djus vkSj bu ikS/kksa dh tM+ksa esa cuus okyh xkaBksa esa tek djus dh {kerk gS] oSlh gh {kerk ;s thu vukt okyh Qlyksa esa Mkydj] xsgwa] /kku vkSj eDdk oxSjg esa iSnk dh tk ldsxhA bl fn'kk esa dqN NqViqV iz;kl fd, Hkh x,A ysfdu ftl cM+s Lrj ij ;g dksf'k'k dh tkuh pkfg, Fkh] og ugha dh xbZA lquk gS tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo|ky; esa rks bl dke ds fy, cukbZ xbZ iz;ksx'kkyk can gh dj nh xbZA ftl rjg Hkkjr ds ckjkuh bykdksa esa o"kkZ&flafpr Qlyksa dh iSnkokj c<+kus ds cl NqViqV iz;kl fd, x,] oSls gh tSo&izkS|ksfxdh vuqla/kku ds mu {ks=ksa dh vksj ihB dj ysrh gS] ftuls lpeqp esa mu Qlyksa dk mRiknu c<+]s tks rhljh nqfu;k esa mxkbZ tkrh gSa ;k mu Ñf"k&leL;kvksa dk lek/kku gks] tks rhljh nqfu;k dh [kk|&lqj{kk ds fy, pqukSrh iSnk dj jgh gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, /;ku nsus dh t:jr gS eksVs vuktksa vkSj nyguh Qlyksa ijA og Hkh bl n`f"V ls fd budh mRikndrk c<+s] u fd buesa gohZlkbM&jksf/krk iSnk gksA vuqla/kku dk mís'; ,sls nh?kZdkyhu ifj.kke izkIr djuk gksuk pkfg, tks Ñf"k&mRikndrk dks lexfr'khy ;kuh fVdkÅ cuk,aA tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dh thfu;kxjh ij vk/kkfjr ubZ rduhdksa dh lqj{kk ds ckjs esa vdsyk foKku lkjs lek/kku ugha ns ldrk] ;g lp gSA lkFk gh bu lHkh leL;kvksa ds gy Hkkjr ljdkj ds tSo&izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx ds ikl Hkh ugha gsS] D;ksafd Ñf"k vkSj Qly&mRiknu dh tfVyrk,a le>uk ml foHkkx dh izkFkfedrkvksa ls ckgj gS ;g foHkkx rks cuk;k gh blfy, x;k gS fd tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dks vkxs c<+k,A vly esa tSo&izkS|ksfxdh ls tqM+s lHkh ljdkjh foHkkxksa dks oSKkfud rFkk rduhdh eqíksa dh ladjh xyh ls ckgj fudydj pkSjkgs ij eqag ck, [kM+s jktuhfrd] dkuwuh vkSj uSfrd eqíksa ls fuiVuk gksxkA vuqla/kku dh izkFkfedrk,a xqipqi r; djus dh ctk,] mu ij [kqyh cgl ds ckn gh mUgsa vafre :i nsuk pkfg,A tSo&izkS|ksfxdh ij fuxjkuh j[kus ls tqM+s eqís fdl rjg mBk, tk jgs gSa] ;g turk dks lkQ&lkQ crk;k tk,] rks turk dk Hkjkslk thrk tk ldrk gSA ubZ izkS|ksfxdh u,&u, eqís iSnk dj jgh gSA muds ckjs esa iwjh tkudkjh nh tk, vkSj lHkh fØ;k&dykiksa esa ikjnf'kZrk cjrh tk,A djksM+ksa fdlkuksa dh fdLer dk QSlyk dqN bus&fxus ukSdj'kkgksa ij ugha NksM+k tk ldrk tks okrkuqdwfyr d{kksa esa cSBdj QSlys djrs gSaA mUgsa tehuh lpkb;ksa dk dksbZ vglkl ugha gS vkSj os ftl&frl ds ncko ;k cgdkos esa vkdj mYVs&lh/ks 108

QSlys djus esa pwdrs ugha gSaA vius dks loZK ekuus okys iz'kklfud vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ^Mh-,u-,-* ds fgTts Hkh u vkrs gksa] rks dksbZ vk'p;Z ughaA nqHkkZX; ls ,sls gh yksx tSo&izkS|ksfxdh ds ckjs esa losZlokZ cus gq, gSaA ;gh r; djrs gSa fdl tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dk O;kikfjd mi;ksx LohÑr fd;k tk, vkSj fdldk ughaA vxj oSKkfudksa esa ls dqN dM+qbZ lpkbZ c;ku djus dh fgEer Hkh djsa rks mudh vkokt nck nh tkrh gSA ;k fQj ,slh desfV;ka cukbZ tkrh gSa ftuesa flQZ gkeh Hkjus vkSj th&gqtwjh djus okys fo'ks"kK gksa] ftUgsa cSBdksa esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, feyus okys nSfud HkÙks vkSj ekuns; cVksjus dh T;knk fQØ gksrh gSA ,sls reke yksxksa dks tSo&izkS|ksfxdh ykus ds dkj.k gksus okys nq"ifj.kkeksa ds fy, tokcnsg Bgjk;k tkuk pkfg,A thfu;kxjh dh rduhd esa bruh {kerk vo'; gS fd og u,&u, thu ikS/kksa esa Mkyus ds fy, miyC/k djk,xhA ysfdu tSlk fd gfjr&Økafr ykus okyh l?ku [ksrh esa gqvk fd ijaijkxr fdLeksa dks Hkqykdj ubZ fdLesa viukus dh ,slh nkSM+ 'kq: gqbZ fd lc yksx xsgwa&/kku dh buh&fxuh fdLesa gh iSnk djus yxs] oSlk tSo&izkS|ksfxdh esa ugha gksuk pkfg,A ,slk u gks fd thfu;kxjh ls Qlyksa dh fdLeksa esa fofo/krk ykus dh ctk, mudh ,d&lh vkuqoaf'kd cqfu;kn Mky nh tk, vkSj cgqr ladqfpr thuk/kkj cuk fn;k tk,A ,d&nks fdLeksa ij fuHkZj jgus dh nqfu;k dkQh cM+h dher ns pqdh gSA ,d chekjh ;k ,d dhV&O;kf/k gh yk[kksa gSDVj esa mx jgh Qly dks pkSiV dj ldrh gS vkSj dj pqdh gSA tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dh uhfr;ka cukrs le; ;g /;ku j[kuk gksxk fd izd`fr ls NsM+NkM+ de ls de dh tk,A dgha ,slk u gks fd taxyh tkfr;ka gh foyqIr gks tk,a ;k fQj izkÑfrd iztkfr;ka dM+h izfr;ksfxrk esa gkj tk,a vkSj ne rksM+ cSBsa ;k fQj muds izkÑfrd vkokl gh muls fNu tk,aA dgha ls dksbZ Hkh oa'kk.kq fudkydj fdlh Hkh isM+&ikS/ks ;k tho&tarq esa Mkyus dh thfu;kxjh cM+h djkekrh yxrh gSA ysfdu blds urhtksa dks ysdj 'kadk,a Hkh mBrh gSaA D;ksafd ;s urhts t:jh ugha fd oSls gh gksa] tSls fd oSKkfudksa us lksps FksA fczVsu esa ijkthuh vkyw [kkus okys pwgksa ij tgjhyk vlj iM+k rks ogka ijkthuh Qlyksa ds f[kykQ vkanksyu [kM+k gks x;kA ,slh ?kVuk,a vius ns'k esa u gksa] bldk /;ku j[kuk gksxkA tks tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dh gj vnk dks vka[ksa ewandj viukuk pkgrs gSa] mudh vka[ksa ,slh ?kVukvksa ls [kqy tkuh pkfg,A nwljh fparktud ckr ;g gS fd bl ckjhd vkSj eagxh rduhd ds reke igyqvksa ds isVsaV cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka ys jgh gSaA tks Hkh u, oa'kk.kq [kksts tkrs gSa] os mudks isVsaV djk ysrs gSaA tks Hkh ubZ rduhd [kksth tkrh gS] mls Hkh isVsaV djk fy;k tkrk gSA bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd ckSf)d laink ds vf/kdkj ds rgr tks Hkh bu oa'kk.kqvksa vkSj rduhdksa dks bLrseky djuk pkgsxk] mls eksVh ykblsal Qhl nsuh gksxhA ;g Qhl yk[kksa Mkyj esa gksrh gSA Hkkjr tSls fodkl'khy ns'k 109

tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dk [kpkZ Hkh ugha mBk ldrsA u muds ikl brus lk/ku gSa fd bl fo"k; ij vuqla/kku esa cM+s ns'kksa dk vkSj cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dk eqdkcyk dj ldsaA blhfy, vHkh rd Hkkjr esa tSo&izkS|ksfxd vuqla/kku ds dksbZ ,sls [kkl urhts ugha vk, gSa] ftuls fdlkuksa dk vkSj miHkksDrkvksa dk Hkyk gksA ckgj okys rks ges'kk gh f?klhfiVh rduhdsa nsrs gSa] tks muds ;gka vlQy jgh gkas ;k vLohdkj dj nh xbZ gksaA Hkkjr esa dikl esa chVh thu Mkyus dh rduhd isVsaV djkus dh ,d daiuh us dksf'k'k dh Fkh] ftls Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn ds oSKkfudksa us ukdke dj fn;kA bldk fojks/k djrs gq, oSKkfudksa us bls tufgr&fojks/kh lkfcr fd;k FkkA ysfdu ckn esa ogh chVh&dikl ,d Hkkjrh; daiuh ds tfj, Hkkjr ds fdlkuksa ij Fkksi fn;k x;k vkSj ml ij mBk, x, reke loky Bqdjk fn, x,A ,sls ekgkSy esa ;g vkSj Hkh t:jh gks x;k gS fd gekjk ns'k tSo&izkS|ksfxdh ds ckjs esa D;k utfj;k j[krk gS] ;g turk ds lkeus lkQ&lkQ j[kk tk,A gekjs ikl bl fo"k; ij vuqla/kku vkSj fodkl dk <kapk D;k gS\ ;g gks tk,xk vkSj og gks tk,xk] blds nkos rks cgqr fd, tkrs gSa] ysfdu dqN fd;k Hkh\ dqN gqvk Hkh\ b/kj ge bu reke lokyksa dks ysdj Ågkiksg esa yxs gq, gSa vkSj m/kj cM+h&cM+h cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka ck;ksVsDuksykWth dks viuh cikSrh cukus esa rqyh gqbZ gSA Hkkjr esa Hkh bu daifu;ksa dh ns[kk&ns[kh vusd futh daifu;ka ck;ksVsDuksykWth esa vuqla/kku djk jgh gSaA Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k futh m|ksx vEckuh lewg Hkh tSo&izkS|ksfxdh ds {ks= esa inkiZ.k dj pqdk gSA bl rjg ljdkjh iz;ksx'kkykvksa ds reke izfrHkk'kkyh oSKkfud futh iz;ksx'kkykvksa ds vf/kd osru vkSj lqfo/kkvksa dh vksj f[kaps pys tk jgs gSaA tc ikS/kksa dh tSo&izkS|ksfxdh ds jk"Vªh; dsUnz ds funs'kd dk in [kkyh gqvk rks mlds fy, lq;ksX; O;fDr [kkstuk dfBu gks x;kA ckgj ls tks oSKkfud pqus x,] os futh daiuh dh iz;ksx'kkyk esa pys x,A blh rjg ofj"B oSKkfud ds in ij tks oSKkfud ,d fo'ofo|ky; NksM+dj vk,] ml fo'ofo|ky; esa muds ckn tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dk vuqla/kku BIi&lk gks x;kA D;k tSo&izkS|ksfxdh jkstxkj iSnk djsxh\ bldk tokc Hkh udkj esa gh gSA Lo;a tSo&izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx us ,d losZ{k.k djk;k rks irk pyk fd tSo&izkS|ksfxdh esa ,e-,llh- djus okyksa ds fy, Hkkjr esa ukSdfj;ka gh ugha gSaA mUgsa u rks vkuqoaf'kdh dk fo'ks"kK ekuk tkrk gS vkSj u tho&jlk;u dkA bu nksuksa foKkuksa esa ukSdfj;ka gSa( ck;ksVsDuksykWth esa ugha gSA blds ckotwn u,&u, laLFkkuksa esa tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dh i<+kbZ ds yqHkkous foKkiu nsdj vfHkHkkodksa ls eksVh&eksVh Qhl olwyh tk jgh gS vkSj fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ew[kZ cuk;k tk jgk gSA ,sls vusd laLFkkuksa ds ikl u rks tSo izkS|ksfxdh ds ;ksX; v/;kid gSa vkSj u iz;ksx'kkyk,a gSa] fQj Hkh irk ugha dSls mUgsa bl fo"k; esa Lukrd vkSj LukrdksÙkj ikB~;Øe 'kq: djus dh btktr fey tkrh gSA Hkkjr ds ukStokuksa ds Hkfo"; ls ,slh f[kyokM+ rqjar can dh tkuh pkfg,A

110

fiNys fnuksa ekuo&thukse dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZA vejhdk ds jk"Vªifr fDyaVu vkSj fczVsu ds iz/kkuea=h Hkh oSKkfudksa dh ihB Bksdus ds fy, bl ?kks"k.kk ds le; ekStwn FksA ysfdu vlfy;r ;g gS fd ekuo&oa'kk.kqdks"k dh pkj jklk;fud v{kjksa dh Hkk"kk esa mldh dksbZ lok rhu vjc v{kjksa dh bckjr gh i<+h xbZ gSA mlds dksbZ 40]000 oa'kk.kq esa ls ftl oa'kk.kq dh bckjr tku yh tkrh gS] mldh [kkst djus okyk oSKkfud mldk isVsaV ys ysrk gSA ;g ,slk gh gS tSls balku dks isVsaV fd;k tk jgk gksA vc dksbZ bu oSKkfudksa ls iwNs fd D;k balku mudh iz;ksx'kkyk esa iSnk gqvk Fkk\ blh rjg ikS/kksa ds thudks"k cuk, tk jgs gSaA ;gka Hkh dksbZ dke dk oa'kk.kq utj vk;k rks mls isVsaV djk ysrs gSaA vyx&vyx nkos fd, tkrs gSaA igys ekslk.Vks us nkok fd;k fd mlus /kku dk thu&dks"k cuk fy;k gSA fQj okgokgh ywVus ds fy, ;g Hkh dgk x;k fd ;g thu&dks"k lcdks miyC/k jgsxkA ckn esa irk pyk fd vHkh rks /kku ds 12 xq.klw=ksa ij ^oa'kk.kq&Øe D;k gS] bldh [kkst py jgh gSA Hkkjr Hkh X;kjgosa xq.klw= ¼Øksekslkse½ ds ,d fgLls ij yxHkx 50 djksM+ #i, dh ykxr ls bl vuqla/kku esa 'kkfey gks x;kA rHkh phu us ?kks"k.kk dh fd mlus ^bafMdk* /kku dk thu&dks"k [kkst fy;k gSA nwljh vksj flatsaVk daiuh us nkok fd;k fd mlus ^tSiksfudk* /kku dk thu dks"k [kkst fy;k gSA vc rks Hkkjr lfgr nl ns'kksa ds dalksf'kZ;e us /kku ds 12 xq.klw=ksa ds ^thukse* dk nwljk pj.k iwjk dj fy;k gS vkSj vc rhljs pj.k esa ^[kkyh txg* Hkjh tk jgh gSaA blesa flatsVk vkSj eksalkUVks us viuk /kku&thukse elkSnk bl 'krZ ij fn;k gS fd vxj dksbZ O;kikfjd Qk;nk mBk;k x;k rks mlesa mudk Hkh fgLlk gksxkA bl rjg tSo&izkS|ksfxdh ls Qk;nk mBkus dh dksf'k'k esa ,slh vkik/kkih eph gS fd fdlds nkos lp gSa vkSj fdlds >wBs] bldk irk gh ugha pyrkA vkSj irk djus ds fy, tks cqfu;knh <kapk pkfg, ;k tks ikjnf'kZrk gksuh pkfg,] og Hkh xk;c gSA ;fn futh daifu;ka tSo&izkS|ksfxdh ds {ks= esa fd, tk jgs vuqla/kku ds mi;ksxh ifj.kkeksa dks Nqikuk pkgrh gSa ;k mUgsa viuh cikSrh cukuk pkgrh gSa] rks futh daifu;ksa vkSj ljdkjh iz;ksx'kkykvksa ds chp vuqla/kku esa lg;ksx ds tks xBtksM+ fd, tk jgs gSa] mudh leh{kk dh tkuh pkfg,A 'kk;n ;s le>kSrs vkSj xBtksM+ dsoy blfy, fd, tk jgs gSa fd bl cgkus ls futh daifu;ka ljdkjh laLFkkuksa esa laxzghr cgqewY; tSo&fofo/krk rd viuh igqap cuk ysa vkSj mldk Qk;nk mBkdj tks Hkh ubZ pht fudys mls isVsaV djk ysaA vusd futh daifu;ka 'kk;n blhfy, djksM+ksa #i, ds iwathfuos'k dh xktj yVdk dj Hkkjr ljdkj ds vuqla/kku&laxBuksa dks yqHkk jgh gSaA

;g Hkw[k dk gy ugha thfu;kxjh&m|ksx nkok djrk gSa fd ftl nqfu;k esa 80 djksM+ yksx Hkw[ks isVs lksrs gksa vkSj vxys nl lky esa tgka bu Hkw[kksa dh la[;k Ms< vjc rd igqapus okyh gks] 111

ml nqfu;k ls dsoy ck;ksVsDuksykWth gh Hkw[k feVk ldrh gSA vc ftUgsa tSo izkS|ksfxdh dh vlfy;r ugha ekywe mu yksxksa ij gh muds bl nkos dk vlj iM+ ldrk gSA nqHkkZX; ls ehfM;k esa Hkh ,sls laiknd gSa] ftUgsa ck;ksVSd dk ^d [k x* Hkh ugha irkA vke turk esa rks ;ksa gh fuj{kjrk QSyh gqbZ gSA gekjs uhfr&fuekZrk Hkh bl foKku dh ckjhfd;ksa esa tkus ls drjkrs gSa fd dkSu ekFkkiPph djsA lpkbZ ;g gS fd vkt dh nqfu;k lHkh 80 djksM+ Hkw[kksa dk isV Hkj ldrh gSA leL;k mRiknu dh ugha] forj.k dh gSA Hkw[k vkSj xjhch ;wjksi ds ns'kksa esa Hkh gSaA ysfdu ogka fdlkuksa dks 600]000 ikm.M ;kuh dksbZ 4200]0000 #i, fdlkuksa esa blfy, ckaVs tkrs gSa fd os viuh idh Qly dks gy pykdj fQj ls feêh esa feyk nsa] mls eaMh esa u yk,aA 270 yk[k ikm.M fdlkuksa dks [ksr [kkyh NksM+us dh ,ot esa fn, tkrs gSa vkSj Åij ls nkos fd, tkrs gSa fd ;s lHkh ns'k nqfu;k ls Hkw[k feVkuk pkgrs gSaA Hkkjr [kk|kUu esa ^vkRe&fuHkZj* gh ugha gks x;k] cfYd bruk vukt iSnk gksus yxk gS fd j[kus dh txg ugha gSA fQj Hkh mM+hlk ds dkykgkaMh tSls bykdksa ls Hkq[kejh dh nnZukd [kcjsa vkrh jgrh gSA ;gka ij ,slk ugha gS fd gj lky lw[ks ds dkj.k Hkq[kejh QSyrh gksA bl ftys esa dksbZ 2 djksM+ dh tula[;k jgrh gSA tehusa mitkÅ gSaA iqjkus tekus ls ;g mM+hlk dk /kku dk dVksjk ekuk tkrk jgk gSA tc lu~ 1943 esa caxky esa Hkh"k.k vdky iM+k Fkk] rks dkykgkaMh ls ogka pkoy Hkstk x;k Fkk! rks leL;k mRiknu dh ugha gSA Hkw[k ls ogh xjhc ejrs gSa] ftuds ikl cktkj esa fcdrs vUu dks [kjhnus yk;d iSls ugha gSA bu lcls xjhc yksxksa dk isV tSo izkS|ksfxdh dSls Hkj nsxh\ vkSj Hkkjr esa dksbZ 32 djksM+ yksx vc Hkh xjhch dh js[kk ds uhps xqtj&clj djrs crk, tkrs gSaA lu~ 1999 esa] Hkkjr us xsgwa dh Hkjiwj Qly iSnk dh & fiNys lky ls 60 yk[k Vu T;knkA igys gh ljdkjh xksnkeksa esa 40 yk[k Vu xsgwa tek FkkA 60 yk[k Vu vkSj tek gks x;kA bl rjg xksnkeksa esa 100 yk[k Vu xsgwa Hkj x;kA vc ;g tSo izkS|ksfxdh us rks ugha fd;k\ vlfy;r ;g gS fd thfu;kxjh bruh eagxh rduhd gS fd bldks [ksrhckM+h esa viukus ls cht eagxk gksxk] Qly eagxh gksxh vkSj fdlku vkSj miHkksDrk nksuksa dks uqdlku mBkuk iM+sxkA cl] daifu;ka Qk;ns esa jgsaxhaA

i{kikr i=dkfjrk ds fo|ky;ksa esa ;g i<+k;k tkrk gS fd fdlh Hkh ^[kcj* ds nksuksa igyw ikBdksa ds lkeus j[kus pkfg,A ;kuh lekpkj larqfyr gksus pkfg,A ;g vo/kkj.kk cktk: vFkZO;oLFkk ykxw gksus ds ckn vkSj Hkh cyorh gqbZ gSA lekpkjksa esa nksuksa i{k 112

j[kus ij blhfy, tksj fn;k tk jgk gS rkfd ubZ vFkZ O;oLFkk ds uqdlku gh u fxuk, tk,a] Qk;ns Hkh crk, tk,aA ge larqfyr lekpkjksa dk fojks/k ugha djrs] ysfdu i=dkjksa dks lekpkjksa dk fo'ys"k.k djds gj eqís dks nksuksa igyw ls dlkSVh ij dlus vkSj ;g crkus dh rks NwV gksuh gh pkfg, fd fdruk nw/k gS vkSj fdruk ikuhA ^uhj&{khj foosd* dh ;g izkphu ijaijk de ls de Hkkjr tSls fodkl'khy ns'k dh i=dkfjrk esa rks tkjh jguh gh pkfg,A D;ksafd ^larqfyr* i=dkfjrk ds uke ij vehjksa dk i{kikr fd, tkus dk T;knk Mj gSA blhfy, i=dkjksa dk ,d oxZ ck;ksVSd daifu;ksa ds cgdkos esa vkdj mudh fgek;r djrk jgk gSA thfu;kxjh ds ckjs esa mBs fookn us ;g fn[kk fn;k gS fd iwjh nqfu;k esa lapkj ek/;e vius nkf;Ro ds izfr ltx gSaA miHkksDrkvksa dk lkFk fuHkkdj i=dkjksa us dqN cqjk ugha fd;k gS] Hkys gh fQj mu ij ^tuZfyLV* dh ctk, ^,fDVfoLV* gksus dk vkjksi yxk;k tk,A fodflr vkSj fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa tSo izkS|ksfxdh dh lkekftd&vkfFkZd izklafxdrk ds ckjs esa lapkj ek/;eksa us iwjh Li"Vrk ds lkFk fo'ys"k.kijd lekpkj vkSj vkys[k izdkf'kr fd, gSa vkSj jsfM;ks rFkk Vh-oh- ij ifjppkZ,a vk;ksftr dh gSaA budk vlj iM+k gS] ugha rks tSo izkS|ksfxdh ds fo:) vkanksyu djus okys laxBuksa dh vkokt uDdkj[kkus esa rwrh cudj jg tkrhA vFkZO;oLFkk ds ckjs esa ljdkjh :[k ds foijhr nwljh fopkj/kkjk dk izpkj djds vkSj tSo izkS|ksfxdh dk fojks/k djds lapkj ek/;eksa us fVdkÅ fodkl dh vo/kkj.kk dk izcy leFkZu fd;k gSA i=dkfjrk dks lek/kku dk lkFk fuHkkuk gksxk] u fd leL;k dkA rHkh fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh cgqla[;d turk dk Hkyk gksxk] tgka yksx lw[kk] vdky vkSj Hkq[kejh ls yM+ jgs gSaA bl rjg ds oSf'od ;k HkweaMyh; eqíksa ij fy[kus vkSj mUgsa LFkkuh; eqíksa ls tksM+us ds fy, ,sls i=dkjksa dh t:jr gS] tks foKku dh ckjhfd;ka le>rs gksaA ;kuh ftUgksaus foKku dh f'k{kk izkIr dh gksA ;k fQj foKku esa :fp gksus ds dkj.k mldk Kku vftZr fd;k gksA ,d ,slk i=dkj&oxZ t:jh gS tks i;kZoj.k vkSj ekuo&lekt ij eaMjkrs ladV esa xgjh fnypLih j[krk gks vkSj ftls lpeqp bldh fpark gksA nqHkkZX; ls i=dkfjrk esa foKku&laoknnkrk vkSj foKku&ys[kd uke dk tho fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa nqyZHk gSA dqN bus&fxus yksx gh ;g ftEesnkjh fuHkk jgs gSaA nwljh vksj ubZ izkS|ksfxfd;ksa dks ysdj nqfu;kHkj esa f}i{kh; ;k cgqi{kh; le>kSrs gks jgs gSa vkSj t:jr gks u gks] reke rjg dh rduhfd;ka fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds flj ij iVdh tk jgh gSaA bldk [kqyklk i=dkj gh dj ldrs gSa fd ;g ,d lkft'k gS] xjhc ns'kksa dks ywVus dhA tSo izkS|ksfxdh ds ckjs esa i=dkj rHkh viuh jk; dk;e dj ldrs gSa vkSj fy[k ldrs gSa] tc mUgsa bldh ckjhfd;ka vkrh gksaA rHkh os bl ubZ izkS|ksfxdh dk ubZ O;kikfjd uhfr;ksa] cktkj [kksyus ds nckoksa vkSj tSo&fofo/krk rFkk ckSf)d laink ds vf/kdkj ds lanHkZ esa lgh foospu dj ldsaxsA ck;ksVSd&m|ksx us tks nkos fd, gSa mUgsa Hkh ehfM;k us dkQh txg nh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, ;g ckr [kwc izpkfjr dh xbZ fd ebZ 1997 rd vdsys vejhdk esa 113

thfu;kxjh ls rS;kj ikS/kksa ds 5000 QhYM VSLV fd, x,A blds vykok thukarfjr lw{e thoksa ds Hkh dksbZ 100&200 QhYM VSLV fd, x,A lkFk gh eNfy;ksa dh Hkh nks ijkthuh uLysa ij[kh xb±A ogka vusd ikS/kksa esa ijk, thu Mkydj muls nok,a] iksyhej vkSj vk|ksfxd ,atkbe fudkyus vkSj dqN ikS/kksa dk rSyh;] LVkpZ rFkk izksVhu&va'k c<+kus ds iz;kl Hkh fd, x,A ebZ 1994 esa vejhdh cgqjk"Vªh; daiuh ^dkYthu* us ^¶ykoj&lkoj* uked VekVj rS;kj fd;k FkkA bls cktkj esa ykus okyh daiuh Fkh eksalk.VksA rHkh ls vusd daifu;ksa esa ijkthuh Qlysa ykus dh gksM+ yx xbZ] ftUgsa ehfM;k us gh ^fMtkbuj Qlysa* dgdj muds Hkko c<+k,A vly esa 60 ds djhc Qlyas vc rd ijk, thu Mkydj ijkthuh cukbZ tk pqdh gSaA ftusfVd bathfu;fjax ;kuh thfu;kxjh ,slh izkS|ksfxdh gS ftlesa ,d tho ds thu nwljs esa Mkyus dh reke rduhdsa viukbZ tkrh gSaA bjknk ;gh gS fd cktkj esa muds Åaps nke feysa vkSj muesa ,slh [kwfc;ka gksa fd dksbZ vkSj mudk eqdkcyk u dj ik,A mÙkjh vejhdk esa bu 60 ijkthuh Qlyksa esa ls de ls de 20 Qlyksa dh O;kikfjd [ksrh dh tk jgh gSA thfu;kxjh dh ckjhd rduhdksa dks vkSj Hkh iSuk;k tk jgk gS] rkfd ,d tho dk thu nwljs tho esa tYnh Mkyk tk lds] vklkuh ls Mkyk tk lds vkSj bldh igpku Hkh gks tk, fd og thu nwljs tho esa igqap x;k gSA tc ge tho dgrs gSa rks mlesa cSDVhfj;k tSls lw{etho ls ysdj reke ikS/ks vkSj izk.kh lHkh vkrs gSaA blh ds lkFk bu ijkthuh thoksa dk O;kikfjd ykHk dSls mBk;k tk, blds fy, Hkh cM+h ekFkkiPph dh tkrh gS vkSj lkjs O;kikfjd gFkdaMs viuk, tkrs gSaA fQygky thfu;kxjh dh rduhd ls Qlyksa esa [kjikr&jks/kh thu Mkys tk jgs gSa rkfd [kjirokj&uk'kh nok,a fdlku cs[kVds bLrseky djsaA dhVjks/kh thu Hkh Mkys tk jgs gSaA izksVhu dh ek=k c<+kus okys thu Hkh Mkys x, gSaA foVkfeu vkSj [kfut c<+kus okys thu Hkh Mkys x, gSaA lkFk gh ,sls thu Mkys x, gSa fd dVkbZ vkSj rqM+kbZ ds ckn Qly tYnh [kjkc u gks vkSj nsj rd rktk cuh jgsA ysfdu vHkh rd fo'o dh Ñf"k ij bu reke tSo izkS|ksfxd iz;klksa dk dksbZ [kkl vlj ugha iM+k gS vkSj vkS|ksfxd ns'kksa ds fdlkuksa esa Hkh ;g rduhd mudk fo'okl ugha ik ldhA vejhdk ds ^vkWfQl vkWQ VsDuksykWth vlslesaV* ds vuqlkj Þck;ksVsDVuksykWth ,slh rduhd gS] ftlesa lpsru tho dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gS ;k fQj ,sls thoksa ls izkIr inkFkks± dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS vkSj bl rjg ikS/ks ;k izk.kh esa lq/kkj fd;k tkrk gS ;k fdlh [kkl bLrseky ds fy, lw{etho fodflr fd, tkrs gSaAß bl rjg tSo izk|ksfxdh esa ^ijaijkxr tSo izkS|ksfxdh* Hkh 'kkfey gS] tks cgqr le; ls izpfyr gS vkSj reke rjg ds O;kikfjd dkeksa esa bLrseky dh tkrh gSA tSls fd [kehj mBkuk] fljdk cukuk] ngh tekukA bu lcesa lw{etho bLrseky gksrs gSa] tks dksjh vka[k ls utj ugha vkrs vkSj dksbZ uqdlku Hkh ugha djrsA

114

VehZusVj tSo izkS|ksfxdh dh fouk'kdkjh rduhdh dk izpyu jksdus esa ehfM;k us dbZ lQyrk,a gkfly dh gSa] tSls fd ^VehZusVj VsDuksykWth* dks jksdus esaA bl rduhd dk lekt dks dksbZ Qk;nk ugha Fkk vkSj [kklrkSj ls xjhc fdlkuksa dh Hkkjh uqdlku mBkuk iM+rkA bl rduhd esa chtksa dh vadqj.k 'kfDr dks gh ^VehZusV* ;kuh [kRe dj fn;k tkrk gSA bl cht dks dsoy ,d ckj gh cks ldrs gSaA vxyh ckj cksus ij cht QwVsxk gh ughaA ^VehZusVj VsDuksykWth* ds ckjs esa mM+rh&mM+rh [kcjsa lu~ 1998 ds 'kq: esa vkus yxh FkhaA blds ckjs esa Hkkjr ds fizaV ehfM;k vkSj bysDVªksfud ehfM;k esa rqjar izfrfØ;k gqbZA rqjar gh ;g izfrfØ;k ,d ns'k O;kih vkanksyu esa cny xbZA rhu eghus ckn gh Hkkjr ljdkj dks ;g QSlyk djuk iM+k fd VehZusVj thu okys chtksa dks Hkkjr esa ugha vkus fn;k tk,xkA ml le; ^fgUnw* lewg ds v[kckj ^fctusl ykbu* us Nkik Fkk fd ÞtSo ;q) dk eSnku vc cny x;k gSA vc ijkthuh chtksa dk [krjk lh/ks lk/kughu fdlkuksa dks Hkqxruk iM+sxkA isVs.V ds vf/kdkj ls chtksa ij ,dkf/kdkj tekus dh lkft'k jpdj cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka viuk u;k gfFk;kj cktkj esa yk jgh gSaA vejhdh Ñf"k foHkkx us dikl dk cht cukus okyh ,d cM+h daiuh ^MsYVk ,.M ikbuyS.M* ds lkFk feydj ;g thfu;kxjh fudkyh fd os chtksa dh vadqj.k&{kerk dks tc pkgsa] pkyw dj nsa vkSj tc pkgsa BIi dj nsaA bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd tks fdlku bl ^VehZusVj thu&iz.kkyh* okys cht bLrseky djsaxs] mUgsa igys lky rks vPNh Qly feysxhA ysfdu mlh Qly dk cht ysdj vxys ekSle esa cksus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZ rks ,d nkuk Hkh ugha mxsxkA ;kuh gj lky cktkj ls u;k cht [kjhnuk iM+sxkA blls Hkh vf/kd fparktud ckr ;g gS fd thfu;kxjh dh rduhdsa fdlh Hkh o"kZ esa Qlyksa dh iSnkokj ?kVkus ;k c<+kus ds fy, bLrseky dh tk ldrh gSA cht&daifu;ka vkSj [kk|kUu dk fu;kZr djus okyh daifu;ka feyh Hkxr ls fdlh Hkh ns'k dh [kk|&lqj{kk esa las/k yxk ldrh gSaA vxj fdlh lky lks;kchu dh de iSnkokj ls mUgsa Qk;nk gksus okyk gS] rks os fdlkuksa dks ,slk cht Fkek nsaxha] ftlesa vadqj.k cgqr de gksA ;k fQj mUgsa xsgwa T;knk pkfg, rks ,slk cht nsaxh fd xsgwa esa vadqj.k T;knk gksA ^,LVªktsusdk* uked cht&daiuh us ,slh rduhd dk isVs.V fy;k gS] ftls bLrseky djus ls Qly ij ,d [kkl dsehdy fNM+duk iM+sxk] rHkh vadqj.k gksxk vkSj rHkh ikS/kksa dh c<+okj Hkh vPNh gksxhA tkfgj gS fd ;g dsehdy Hkh ;gh daiuh cukrh gSA blh rjg ls ^uksokfrZl* uked daiuh us VehZusVj&thu tSlh 12 izkS/kksfxfd;ksa ds isVs.V fy, gSaA buesa chtksa ds vanj bu gR;kjs thu dks pkyw djus ;k BIi djus dh iz.kkyh dks [kkl [kjikruk'kh nokvksa vkSj moZjdksa ls 115

tksM+ fn;k x;k gSA ;kuh [ksr fdlku dk] Qly fdlku dh] ysfdu mu ij fu;a=.k fdldk & cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dk!

Hkw[ks yksx D;k vkadMs+ pck,axs\ lSdM+ksa vejhfd;ksa us ,xzhck;ksoYMZ Qkm.Ms'ku dh ,d ;kfpdk ij gLrk{kj fd,] ftlds }kjk ,osaful dzksi lkbal uked cgqjk"Vªh; daiuh ls ;g fuosnu fd;k x;k fd os iz;ksx ds rkSj ij rS;kj fd, x, 3000 Vu ijkthuh pkoy dks Qsadus dh ctk; Hkw[ks dks nku esa ns nsaA gLrk{kj djus okyksa esa T;knkrj vejhdk ds d`f"k oSKkfud FksA vly esa Hkw[ks xjhcksa dh fpark dh ctk; bl ;kfpdk ds ihNs tulaidZ dk gh ,d nko [ksyk x;k] rkfd nqfu;k dks yxs fd ns[kks tSo izkS|ksfxdh okys Hkw[ks xjhcksa ds nq[k ls fdrus nq[kh gSaA ,xzhck;ksoYMZ Qkm.Ms'ku us bl ;kfpdk esa ;g fo'o ds cqHkqf{krksa ij viuh d#.kk mM+syrs gq, ;g Hkh dgk fd ^og bl vksj iz;kljr gS fd vejhdh fdlku iks"kd Qlysa cM+h ek=k esa iSnk djsa vkSj djrs jgsa] rkfd lEiw.kZ ekuork Qys&QwysA* ;g ugha dgk x;k fd blds lkFk gh Qlyksa ds ck;ksVSDuksyksftLV Hkh Qysa&Qwysa] tks fd Hkw[kkas ij ges'kk cM+k rjl [kkrs jgrs gSaA nqfu;k dks f[kykus dh ;g fpark vly esa futh ck;ksVSd daifu;ksas dh frtkSfj;ka Hkjus dh frdM+e ds flok dqN ugha gSA ;g vyx ckr gS fd blds fy, bu yksxksa us fo'o ds xjhc] Hkw[kksa vkSj dqiksf"krksa ds izfr n;koku fn[kus dk <ksax jpk gSA nqfu;k ls Hkw[k feVkus dh uh;r gks rks cM+h vPNh ckr gSA ysfdu ftl thukarfjr pkoy dh ek= 3000 Vu dh ek=k dks Hkw[kksa dks f[kykus dh fgek;r dh xbZ gS] mldk ekuo 'kjhj ij D;k vlj iMs+xk] ;g dHkh tkapk gh ugha x;kA mUgksaus lkspk gksxk fd bl cgkus ls ;g tkap Hkh dj yh tk,xhA ysfdu tc mUgsa crk;k x;k fd Hkkjr esa rks 32 djksM+ yksx Hkw[k vkSj xjhch ls ihfM+r gSa vkSj Hkkjr ds ikl 6 djksM+ Vu ls T+;knk vukt xksnkeksa es Hkjk iM+k gS] rks ,xzhck;ksoYMZ Qkm.Ms'ku dh nfj;kfnyh QkSju gok gks xbZA iwjh nqfu;k tkurh gSa fd 80 djksM+ yksx vc Hkh v/kisV [kkdj Hkw[ks gh lks tkrs gSaA tSo izkS|ksfxdh okys ;g 'kksj epk jgs gSa fd ck;ksVSDuksyksth ls iSnk dh xbZ ijkthuh Qlysa gh budk isV Hkj ldrh gSaA muds lqj esa lqj feykus esa jktusrk vkSj vusd oSKkfud Hkh ihNs ugha gSaA ysfdu os ;g ugha ns[krs fd Hkkjr gh ugha cfYd iwjs nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa Hkw[k vukt ds igkM+ksa ds lk;s esa iy jgh gSA xksnke vukt ls Hkjs iM+s gSa vkSj fQj Hkh bu ns'kksa dh iztk Hkw[kh gSA dSlh foMEcuk gS fd Hkkjr] ikfdLrku vkSj ckaXykns'k esa nqfu;k ds lcls T+;knk Hkw[ks yksx jgrs gSas vkSj ;gha ij fiNys dqN lkyksa ls vukt ds xksnke Hkjs iM+s gSaA vxj nf{k.k ,f'k;k dh ljdkjsa d`f"k oSKkfudksa dh lw>cw> Hkjh enn ysdj ,xzh ck;ksVSd daifu;ksa ds dkS'ky

116

dks tksM+ dj cl bruk dj nsa fd xksnkeksa esa Hkjk vukt Hkw[ks yksxksa rd igqapk fn;k tk, rks nqfu;k ds vk/ks Hkw[kksa dh Hkw[k vkt vkSj vHkh feVkbZ tk ldrh gSA nf{k.k ,f'k;k dh ljdkjksa dks vius&vius ns'k ds Hkw[kksa rd [kk|kUu igqapkus ds fy, ,Q- ,- vks-] fo'o cSad rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; [kk|&uhfr vuqla/kku laLFkku ¼biQzh½ tSls varjkZ"Vªh; laxBu foo'k dj ldrs gSaA ysfdu ugaha dj jgs] blfy, os Hkh nqfu;k esa QSyh Hkw[k ls vka[ks Qsj ysus ds nks"kh gSaA Hkkjr esa rks fiNys ikap lkyksa ls ljdkjh xksnke vukt ls Hkjs iM+s gSaA lu~ 2001 esa rks lqjf{kr vUu HkaMkj ds lkjs fjdkMZ rksM+dj vUu&HkaMkj 6 djksM+ Vu ls vf/kd gks x;kA j[kus dh txg ugha gS] blfy, cgqr&lk rks cksfj;ksa esa Hkjdj iksyhFkhu ls <ddj [kqys esa gh NksM+ fn;k x;k gSA fQj Hkys gh o"kkZ vkSj ueh lM+k ns ;k pwgs [kk tk,aA vly esa nqfu;k ls Hkw[k feV xbZ rks fQj la;qDr jk"Vª ds [kk| ,oa d`f"k laxBu ¼,Q- ,- vks-½ dh D;k t+:jr jgsxh\ Hkw[k gS rks ;s laLFkk,a Hkh Qy&Qwy jgh gSaA lu~ 1943 ds gkWV fLizaXl lEesyu ds ckn nqfu;k ds ns'kksa us ,Q- ,- vks- dh LFkiuk dh FkhA 16 vDVwcj 1945 ls ,Q- ,- vksus dke djuk 'kq: fd;kA bldk mÌs'; ek= ;g Fkk fd nqfu;k Hkj ls [ksrh vkSj [kk|kUu mRiknu ds vkadMs+ bdës djsA bl ij ,Q- ,- vksds igys egkfuns'kd ckW;M&vkWj us gh fVIi.kh dh Fkh fd ^xjhc yksxksa dks t+:jr rks gS [kk|kUu dh vkSj mUgsa tks ijkslk tk jgk gS] os gSa vkadM+sA* biQzh us ckWu ¼teZuh½ esa ,d fo'kky lEesyu vk;ksftr fd;k Fkk] ftlesa lu~ 2020 rd fo'o esa fVdkÅ [kk|&lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djus ds mik;ksa ij fopkj fd;k x;kA ysfdu blesa vQzhdk esa Hkq[kejh ij rks fpark O;Dr dh xbZ] ysfdu nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa vukt dh Hkjekj ds ckotwn QSyh Hkq[kejh ij u tkus D;ksa vthc pqIih lk/k yh xbZA rks tkfgj gS fd nqfu;k ds Hkw[ks vkSj xjhc yksxksa dks [kkus ds fy, cl vkadM+s gh ijksls tkrs jgsaxs vkSj mudk isV Hkjus dh ftEesnkjh cktk: rkdrksa ds Hkjkls NksM+ nh tk,xhA ,Q- ,- vks- [kqn nqfu;k ds Hkw[kksa dks f[kykus vkSj [kk|&lqj{kk iznku djus ds uke ij /kku dk thu&dks"k ¼thukse½ cukus] foVkfeu ^,* ls Hkjiwj ijkthuh ^xksYMu jkbl* ;k varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa d`f"k dks 'kkfey djus tSls iz;klksa dh fgek;r djus es lcls vkxs jgrk gSA vc rks ,Q-,- vks- [kqys vke ;g dgrk fQjrk gS fd [kk|&mRiknu c<+kus vkSj Hkw[k feVkus esa cM+h [kk|&daifu;ka vkSj cht&daifu;ka gh enn dj ldrh gSaA nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa rks vukt ds xksnke ml le; gh Hkj x, gSa] tc bu ns'kksa es vuktksa dh mRikndrk nqfu;k esa lcls de&dsoy nks Vu izfr gSDVj ds vkSlr ij vVdh gqbZ gSA tks izkS|ksfxdh bl le; bu ns'kksa esa miyC/k gS] mlh ds bLrseky ls [kk|kUu&mRiknu dk Lrj rhu xquk c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA fQj Hkyk bl fons'kh eagxh vkSj vfo'oluh; ijkthuh Qlyksa okyh izkS|ksfxdh dh fdldks t+:jr gS\ Hkkjr esa cgqr&ls fdlku blfy, vkRegR;k dj jgs gSa fd esgur ls mitk;h xbZ mudh Qly ds [kjhnkj ugha gSaA ikfdLrku esa eafM;ksa esa iM+s vukt ds <sjksa esa fdlkuksa us vkx yxk nh] D;kasfd mUgsa mlds okftc nke ugha fey jgs FksA 117

b.Mksusf'k;k eas fdlku vius pkoy cspus ds fy, bartkj djrs jgrs gSa fd [kjhnkj vk;sa vkSj bartkj dh ;g ?kM+h dHkh [kRe ugha gksrhA b/kj b.Mksusf'k;k dh ljdkj fo;ruke ls pkoy [kjhn jgh gSA m/kj ,Q- ,- vks- vkSj vjcksa&[kjcksa Mkyj okys d`f"k m|ksx lu~ 2020 dh t+:jrksa ds eÌsutj vukt dh iSnkokj dbZ xquk c<+kus dh rtchtksa esa yxs gq, gSa] vkSj b/kj fdlku dbZ ns'kksa esa [ksrhckM+h dk /ka/kk NksM+us ds fy, etcwj gks x, gSaA Hkkjr esa ljdkj [kqn gh fdlkuksa ls dg jgh gS fd vukt T;knk iSnk u djsa] D;ksafd ljdkj vc mls [kjhn ugha ldrhA D;k fdlku T;knk iSnk djds viuh feÍh iyhn djrs jgsa\ D;k vc Hkh os Hkjiwj Qly mitkrs jgsa] tc fd mUgsa irk gS fd mudh Qly ds [kjhnkj ugha gSa vkSj tks gSa os mUgsa lgh dher ugha nsaxs\ D;k fdlku T;knk iSnk djus ds vijk/k esa vkRegR;k ds fy, etcwj gksrs jgsaxs\

rhljh nqfu;k vkSj ijkthuh [kk| 'kq:vkr lu~ 1994 esa VekVj dh ^¶ykoj&lkoj* fdLe ls dh xbZ Fkh vkSj rc ls dksbZ 60 ijkthuh fdLesa cu pqdh gSaA 20 dh vejhdk esa O;kikfjd [ksrh gksus yxh gSA bl rjg ijkthuh [kk| inkFkZ rhljh nqfu;k esa iVdus dh rS;kfj;ka iwjh gSaA budks cktkj esa ykus ds fy, gj rjg ds gFkdaMs viuk, tk jgs gSaA vejhdh Ñf"k foHkkx us rks ;gka rd nkok fd;k fd tSo&Ñf"k ¼vkWxsZfud ,xzhdYpj½ esa ijkthuh Qlysa enn djsaxhaA tc ;g nkok baVjusV ij tkjh fd;k x;k rks dksbZ 200]000 yksxksa us baVjusV ij gh bldk fojks/k fd;kA blds ckn vejhdh Ñf"k foHkkx dks viuk nkok okil ysuk iM+kA vlfy;r ;gh gS fd vejhdh Ñf"k foHkkx ¼;w-,l-Mh,-½ vjcks Mkyj okys ck;ksVsd&m|ksx dks c<+kok nsuk pkgrk gSA ck;ksVsd&m|ksx bl ckjs esa vusd nkos dj pqdk gS fd tSo&izkS|ksfxdh fdl rjg rhljh nqfu;k ds fy, ojnku lkfcr gksxhA ysfdu vHkh rd dk vuqHko ;gh crkrk gS fd ;s lHkh nkos FkksFks gSa vkSj ck;ksVsd&m|ksx dh fuxkg dsoy equkQk cVksjus ij fVdh gSA bldk ,d mnkgj.k gS dlkok ;k Vsfivksdk dh QlyA vÝhdk esa de ls de 3 djksM+ yksxksa dk eq[; Hkkstu ;gh dlkok gSA ;g 'kdjdan dh 'kDy dk Qhdk dan gS] ftls Hkwudj ;k mckydj [kk ldrs gSaA vxj ck;ksVsd&daifu;ksa dks rhljh nqfu;k dh [kk|&lqj{kk dh bruh gh fpark gS] rks mUgksaus dlkok dh fdLesa lq/kkjus vkSj mit c<+kus esa tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dk dfj'ek D;ksa ugha fn[kk;k\ tc dlkok dks lwvjksa dks f[kyk;k x;k rks os bls [kkus yxs vkSj eksVs gksus yxsA rc pkj vejhdh [kk| vkSj ck;ksVsd daifu;ksa us dlkok ij vuqla/kku 'kq: fd;k] D;ksafd mUgsa fn[kkbZ ns jgk Fkk ^QwM* ugha ^QhM* ¼nkus½ ds :i esa dlkok ls dekbZ dh tk ldrh gSA blls lkQ tkfgj gS fd mUgsa balkuksa ls T;knk lwvj I;kjs gSa] tks mUgsa equkQk dekus dk u;k jkLrk fn[kk jgs gSaA cspkjs lwvj ijkthuh dlkok [kkus dk fojks/k Hkh ugha djsaxsA

118

ck;ksVsd daifu;ksa dh rhljh nqfu;k dh n'kk lq/kkjus esa fdruh xgjh fnypLih gS] bldk ,d vkSj mnkgj.k yhft,A ,Q-,-vks- ;kuh Ñf"k ,oa [kk| laxBu la;qDr jk"Vª dh ,slh laLFkk gS] ftls iwjh nqfu;k dh Ñf"k&O;oLFkk lq/kkjus vkSj /kjrh ls Hkw[k dk dyad feVkus dh ftEesnkjh lkSaih xbZ gSA Hkw[k&chekjh&xjhch ;k xjhch&Hkw[k&chekjh ;k chekjh&xjhch&Hkw[k dSls Hkh fy[ksa bl frxìs dk nq'pØ ,slk gS] ftls rksM+s fcuk bu rhuksa ls fuiVuk eqf'dy gSA vÝhdk ds lgkjk e:LFky ds uhps ds bykds esa Rlh&Rlh eD[kh gksrh gS] tks fd djhc 110 yk[k oxZ fdyksehVj ds bykds esa ^funzkjksx* QSykrh gSA bl chekjh ls foDVksfj;k >hy ds fdukjs dh cfLr;ksa esa gh 200]000 ds djhc L=h&iq#"k ekSr dh uhan lks pqds gSaA iwjs vÝhdk dk 37 izfr'kr bykdk bl Hk;adj eD[kh dh pisV esa gSA ;g eD[kh tkuojksa ij Hkh geyk cksyrh gS vkSj lkaM+ksa dks cf/k;k cukdj csdkj dj nsrh gSA oSKkfudksa us bl eD[kh dks gh cf/k;k cukus dh rduhd [kkst yhA bl rduhd dh [kkst ^baVjus'kuy ,Vksfed ,uthZ ,tsalh* ¼vkb-,-bZ-,-½ us dhA blesa ijek.kq&fofdj.kksa dh ckSNkj djds eD[kh dks cka> cuk nsrs gSaA uj eD[ks dks Hkh cf/k;k dj nsrs gSaA bl rjg vkxs larku iSnk ugha gksxh vkSj efD[k;ka /khjs&/khjs lekIr gks tk,axhaA iz;ksxksa ds ifj.kke ldkjkRed FksA lQy FksA exj fQj Hkh dksbZ cM+h daiuh vkxs ugha vkbZ fd bl izkS|ksfxdh dks viukdj Rlh&Rlh dh jksdFkke dk dke vkxs c<+krhA blfy, ekuo&dY;k.k dh budh fpark fdruh mFkyh gS] blds y, fdlh izek.k dh vko';drk ugha gS] tc rd Hkjiwj equkQk u gks] dksbZ Hkh cgqjk"Vªh; daiuh fdlh dke esa gkFk ugha yxkrhA vc oSKkfud vuqla/kku esa ljdkjh iwath fuos'k dh txg futh iwath fuos'k ij cy fn;k tk jgk gSA vejhdk vkSj fczVsu tSls cM+s ns'k rks dbZ cM+s&cM+s oSKkfud laLFkku futh daifu;ksa ds gokys dj pqds gSaA m/kj ckSf)d laink ds vf/kdkj reke ubZ rduhdksa dks fuxy jgs gSa] D;ksafd muds isVsaV futh daifu;ksa ds ikl gSaA blfy, ;s mEehn djuk fQtwy gS fd futh daifu;ka fo'o dh [kk|&lqj{kk vkSj iks"k.k&lqj{kk ds fy, vuqla/kku djsaxhaA os fdlku dh xjhch gVkus ds fy, Hkh fpafrr ugha gaSA os rks fdlkuksa vkSj Ñf"k dh leL;kvksa dks le>uk Hkh ugha pkgrh] lqy>kuk rks nwj dh ckr gSA

Hkkjr esa iVdh tk jgh gS thfu;kxjh ;wjksi vkSj vejhdk ds fdlkuksa vkSj miHkksDrkvksa us ftu ijkthuh Qlyksa vkSj ijkthuh [kk|&inkFkks± dks Bqdjk fn;k] mUgsa Hkkjr&tSls fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa iVdk tk jgk gSA ;wjksi] vkLVªsfy;k] U;wthySaM vkSj czkthy us thfu;kxjh ls rS;kj mRiknksa ds fy, ,sls dM+s ekud r; dj fn, gSa fd mUgsa bu ns'kksa dh lhek ikj djus esa yksgs ds pus pckus iM+saxsA ysfdu gekjs ;gka yky&Qhrk'kkgh ,slh fQrjrh gS fd ckSf)d laink 119

ds vf/kdkj laca/kh dkuwuksa vkSj vius isVsaV dkuwuksa ds elkSns ij elkSns cukrs jgs] ysfdu mUgsa vafre :i ugha fn;kA bl rjg bu dkuwuksa ds cuus ls igys gh ckgj ls dqN Hkh eky vk,] blds njokts [kksy fn,A buesa lcls rktk mnkgj.k rks chVh dikl dk gS] tks xSj&dkuwuh rkSj ij gtkjksa ,dM+ esa mxk;k x;k vkSj ljdkjh foHkkxksa dks tjk Hkh Hkud ugha yxhA fQj bl xSj&dkuwuh [ksrh ds vk/kkj ij gh mls i;kZoj.k ea=ky; us mxkus dh LohÑfr Hkh ns nhA Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn us dgka] D;k ijh{k.k fd, vkSj muds D;k urhts fudys blds ckjs esa dqN Hkh [kqyklk ugha fd;k x;kA blls igys gchZlkbM&jks/kh Qlysa vkus nh xb±A mlls Hkh igys tSo&izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx us ^iqul±;ksth Mh-,u-,-* ¼fjdEckbusV fM&vkWDlhjkbcks U;wfDyd ,flM½ rduhd ls rS;kj ^cksokbu xzksFk gkeksZu* (rBGH) dks vkus fn;kA cgkuk ;g Fkk fd bls ns'kh xk;ksa esa mudk nw/k c<+kus ds fy, vktek;k tk,xkA gj lEesyu] fopkj&xks"Bh vkSj i=dkj&xks"Bh esa tSo&izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx dh lfpo Mk- eatq 'kekZ ;g dgrh lquh xbZ gSa fd Þns'k dh [kk|&lqj{kk laca/kh vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, ijaijkxr vkSj vk/kqfud Ñf"k fof/k;ksa dk larqfyr lfEeJ.k vko';d gs] ftlesa tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dh izeq[k Hkwfedk jgsxhAß os vDlj ^xzhu&fjoksY;w'ku* vkSj *thu&fjoksY;w'ku* dks feykus dh Hkh is'kd'k djrh gSaA ysfdu vlfy;r ;g gS fd vejhdk tSls ns'kksa dh cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds fy, Mhch-Vh- ;kuh ^fMikVZesaV vkWQ ck;ksVsDuksykWth* us vius jkLrs [kksy fn, gSaA 'kk;n ;gh dkj.k gS fd ftu lfpo egksn;k dks 58 o"kZ dh vk;q esa fjVk;j gksuk pkfg, Fkk] os ,d ds ckn nwljk ,DlVsa'ku ysdj iwjs ikap ,DlVsa'ku ysus dk fjdkMZ dk;e dj pqdh gSaA tks tSo&izkS|ksfxdh ckgj ls ykbZ tk jgh gS] mldk vukt&mRiknu c<+kus ls dksbZ ljksdkj ugha gSA nwljh vksj Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn tks fo'o ds lcls cM+s Ñf"k&laxBuksa esa 'kkfey gS] ckgj ds laxBuksa ls tSo&izkS|ksfxdh esa lg;ksx ds fy, mrkoyk cuk gqvk gSA gksrk ;g gS fd lg;ksx ds cgkus ls fons'kh vuqla/kku laxBu Hkkjr dh Ñf"k laca/kh fofo/krk dk ykHk mBkrs gSaA lkexzh vkSj vuqla/kku ds ifj.kkeksa ds vknku&iznku dks bu le>kSrksa esa izeq[krk nh tkrh gSA lkexzh oks gekjs ikl gSA muds ikl rks cl rduhd gSaA rduhd os mruh gh nsrs gSa] tks gesa muls uhps nks;e ntsZ ij j[ksA mRÑ"V ckjhd rduhdksa dks rks fn[kkrs Hkh ugha gSA ;g ckr tc iz/kkuea=h Jh vVyfcgkjh oktis;h th dks irk pyh] rks mUgksaus ns'k ds 90 izfr'kr vuqla/kku laxBuksa dk fu;a=.k djus okys vkb-lh-,-vkj- rFkk lh-,l-vkbvkj- ¼^dkSafly vkWQ lkbaVhfQd ,.M baMfLVª;y fjlpZ*½ dks vkns'k fn;k fd os fons'kh laxBuksa ls bl rjg ds fujFkZd le>kSrs u djsaA

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laHkor% dkjZokbZ x;k gS] f[kykQ

iz/kkuea=h dks tSo&izkS|ksfxdh ij izfrca/k yxkus ds fy, Hkh ,slh gh dM+h djuh iM+sxhA ;wjksi esa ijkthuh [kk| ds ckjs esa tSlk dM+k :[k viuk;k oSlk gh gekjs ns'k dks Hkh viukuk iM+sxkA gesa fons'kksa esa tSo&izkS|ksfxdh ds py jgh gypyksa ls lcd ysuk pkfg,A

vejhdk eas ckW;l FkkEilu baLVhV~;wV us dsys dh ,slh fdLe cuk nh] ftlds [kkus ls fgisVkbfVl&ch dk Vhdk vyx ls yxokus dh t:jr ughaA ;g dsyk [kk ysuk gh dkQh gSA ysfdu bldks ysdj ogka [kkl fookn [kM+k gks x;kA ;g dsyk vHkh rd cktkj esa ugha vk ik;kA ysfdu b/kj gekjs ;gka VekVj esa dqN fdLe ds Vhds cukus ds thu Mkyus ds fons'kh vuqla/kku esa lg;ksx djus ds izLrkoksa ij xaHkhjrk ls fopkj py jgk gSA blh rjg ljlksa] cSaxu vkSj rksfj;k ¼jsilhM½ esa ,slh D;k dfBukbZ gS] fd ge mlesa thok.kq ¼cSDVhfj;k½ dk thu Mkyus dh btktr ns nsaA ;s Qlysa [kklh vPNh iSnkokj ns jgh gSa vkSj budh jksxjks/kh rFkk dhVjks/kh fdLesa Hkkjr ds Ñf"k oSKkfudksa us gh ntZuksa rS;kj dj nh gSs & fcuk thfu;kxjh dsA vxj dksbZ thfu;kxjh djuh gS rks ckjkuh bykdksa dh iSnkokj c<+kus ds fy, djsaA xsgwa vkSj /kku esa dqN dkfjLrkuh fn[kk,a] rkfd xsgwa&/kku {ks= esa vk;k Bgjko VwVsA eksals.Vks ds chVh&dikl dks mxkus dh btktr ns nh xbZ gS] ysfdu D;k gekjs Ñf"k&oSKkfudksa dks irk gS fd mlesa gchZlkbM&jks/kh thu Hkh Mkyk x;k gSA tks Hkh eksalk.Vks dk ;g cht mxk,xk] ml fdlku dks mudk gchZlkbM jkm.M&vi Hkh [kjhnuk iM+sxkA ;g ,slk [kjirokjuk'kh jlk;u gS] ftlesa dSalj iSnk djus okyk ;kSfxd ekStwn gSaA bldh dkQh ek=k dk fNM+dko djuk gksrk gSA rHkh rks ijkthuh lks;kchu esa bl jlk;u ds vo'ks"k lkekU; lks;kchu ls 200 xquk vf/kd ik, x,A ;gh ugha chVh&thu lkal ds lkFk 'kjhj esa igqap tk, rks mldk Hkh LokLF; ij gkfudkjd izHkko iM+rk gSA ;g ckr rktk vuqla/kku vkSj losZ{k.kksa ls Kkr gqbZ gSA gekjs ns'k dk tSo&izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx ck;ksVsd&mRiknksa dks fujkin crkrs le; izk;% vejhdk ds Ñf"k foHkkx rFkk [kk| vkSj nok iz'kklu ¼QwM ,.M Mªx ,MfefuLVsª'ku & ,Q-Mh-,-½ dh nqgkbZ nsrk gSA ,Q-Mh-,- us ijkthuh [kk| vkSj Vhdksa oxSjg dks ekuo&LokLF; ds fy, lqjf{kr crkrs le; vius gh oSKkfudksa dh lykg BqdjkbZ gS] bldh iksy [kqyus ds ckn ogka Hkh gM+dia epk gqvk gSA ,Q-Mh-,- ds oSKkfudksa us ckj&ckj dgk fd Mh-,u-,- esa gsj&Qsj djds tks [kk| inkFkZ cuk, x, gSa] os izkÑfrd [kk| inkFkks± ls rqyuh; ugha gSA ysfdu blds ckotwn ck;ksVsd&m|ksx ds ncko esa vkdj ,Q-Mh-,- us ijkthuh [kk| inkFkks± dks fujkin ?kksf"kr dj fn;kA bl rjg ,Q-Mh-,- dh bl [kksVh uhfr dks ge Hkkjr esa ugha viuk ldrsA ,Q-Mh-,- dh iksy rc [kqyh tc vejhdk ds dqN lektlsoh laxBuksa us tufgr ;kfpdk nk;j dhA rc irk pyk fd ,Q-Mh-,- vejhdk ds ^QwM] Mªx ,.M 121

dkWLesfVd ,DV* dh vogsyuk djds ijkthuh [kk| inkFkks± dks fcuk fdlh ijh{k.k ds dsoy bl vk/kkj ij cktkj esa ykus ns jgk Fkk fd lq;ksX; fo'ks"kKksa us vkerkSj ij budks lqjf{kr crk;k gSA ,Q-Mh-,- us Lohdkj fd;k fd mls Åij ls vkns'k feys gSa fd ck;ksVsd&m|ksx dks c<+kok fn;k tk,A ,sls ,Q-Mh-,- dh ge D;ksa udy djsa\ Hkkjr ds tSo izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx dks ;gka ds ukxfjdksa ds LokLF; ls f[kyokM+ djus dh dksbZ btktr ugha gSA u gh i;kZoj.k vkSj ou ea=ky; dks ,slh NwV gS vkSj u vkb-lh-,-vkj- dks fdlh dks Hkh gd ugha gS fd og bl ns'k esa vkuqoaf'kd iznw"k.k QSyk, vkSj ck;ksVsd&m|ksx dh fgek;r djus ds varjkZ"Vªh; "kM;a= esa 'kkfey gksA i;kZoj.k vkSj LokLF; ij thfu;kxjh ds vlj dks ij[ks cxSj bl rduhd dks vkus nsuk ekuork ds izfr t?kU; vijk/k gSA vkSj ,sls vijkf/k;ksa dks dHkh ekQ ugha fd;k tk ldrkA

dM+q, Qy pkgs tho&tarq gksa ;k isM+&ikS/ks muds thu ;kuh oa'kk.kq gh iqj[kksa ds xq.k&voxq.k larku esa igqapkrs gSaA ;kuh dksbZ Hkh oa'kk.kq fdlh Hkh izk.kh ;k ikS/ks esa Mkydj muesa os xq.kkoxq.k igqapk, tkrs gSa] ftudk fu;a=.k ;s oa'kk.kq djrs gSaA bl izkS|ksfxdh esa cM+h rsth ls izxfr gks jgh gS vkSj tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dk ;gh igyw lcls fparktud gSA Qlyksa esa vc thfu;kxjh ;kuh thuksa ds gsj&Qsj ls eupkgh Qlysa x<+us ds jkLrs [kqy x, gSaA bl le; cM+s ns'kksa dh ljdkjh iz;kx'kkykvksa esa vkSj ogka dh cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dh iz;ksx'kkykvksa esa tSo&izkS|ksfxdh ds O;kikfjd Qk;ns mBkus ij iwjk tksj fn;k tk jgk gSA [kklrkSj ls Qlyksa esa [kjikrukf'k;ksa ds izfr jksf/krk] dhVjksf/krk] vf/kd izksVhu vkSj csgrj izksVhu rFkk dVkbZ ;k rqM+kbZ ds ckn nsj rd rktk cus jgus dh [kwfc;ka Mkyus dh dksf'k'k dh tk jgh gSA vHkh rd fodflr ns'kksa esa Hkh ogka dh Ñf"k dks vkSj fdlkuksa dks tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dk dksbZ [kkl Qk;nk ugha gqvk gSA Qlyksa ds vykok [kehj mBkus] gkfudj dhVksa ds tSo&fu;a=.k] tkuojksa vkSj euq";ksa ds jksxksa dks igpkuus ds fdV cukus vkSj Vhds fodflr djus ij Hkh cy fn;k x;k gSA blds fy, ,d rks Mh-,u-,- ;kuh Mh&vkWDlh jkbckst U;wfDyd ,flM uked egkv.kq ds VqdM+s djds muesa ijk, Mh-,u-,- [k.M Mkydj mUga fQj ls tksM+us dh rduhd viukbZ tkrh gSA bldks ^fjdEckbus.V Mh-,u-,- VsDuksykWth* ;kuh ^iqul±;ksth Mh-,u-,- izkS|ksfxdh* dgk tkrk gSA blh rjg ^eksuksDyksuy ,.VhckWMh* dh rduhd Hkh viukbZ tkrh gS] tks [kklrkSj ls jksxksa ds funku ds fdV vkSj Vhds cukus esa dke vkrh gSA dksf'kdkvksa dks ij[kuyh esa iuikdj iwjs ikS/ks ;k iwjs tkuoj cuk Mkyus dh Dyksfuax dh rduhd Hkh tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dk gh fgLlk gSA bl rjg fpfdRlk&foKku ds {ks= esa Hkh bldh vikj laHkkouk,a crkbZ tk jgh gSa] tcfd ogka Hkh vusd dkuwuh] uSfrd vkSj lkekftd iz'u mB jgs gSaA

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vHkh rd oSKkfud tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dks Hkfo"; dk foKku vkSj Hkfo"; dh izkS|ksfxdh izpkfjr djds okgokgh ywV jgs gSaA orZeku esa rqjar mldk dksbZ Qk;nk vc rd gqvk gS rks dsoy cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dks gh gqvk gSA [kklrkSj ls Ñf"k ds {ks= esa oSKkfudksa us tSo&izkS|ksfxdh ds mi;ksx dks ysdj tks lCtckx fn[kk, Fks] os vHkh rd vkdk'kdqlqe gh cus gq, gSa ;kuh ,slk dkYifud Qwy tks dHkh iSnk gh ugha gqvkA fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa tSo&izkS|ksfxdh ds mi;ksx ls Qlyksa dks iSnk djus dh ubZ rduhdsa [kkstus vkSj mu Qlyksa ls feyus okyh oLrqvksa dks iz;ksx'kkyk esa vkSj Hkh vPNs <ax ls iSnk djus dk izpkj fd;k x;kA ;s oLrq,a vf/kdrj jklk;fud ;kSfxd gSa] tks Qly ls fudkyus dh ctk, ij[kuyh esa iSnk fd, tk,axsA tSls fd dksdks ds ikS/ks esa dksdks Qy ls dksdks cVj cuk;k tkrk gS] tks [kklrkSj ls pkdysV cukus esa dke vkrk gSA bldks vc ij[kuyh esa cukus dh rduhd [kkst yh xbZ gSA vusd vÝhdh ns'k dksdks cVj cspdj gh viuh vFkZO;oLFkk pyk jgs gSaA fQj mudh dksdks dh Qly dk D;k gksxk\ ;g ,d rjg ls xjhc ns'kksa dh isV ij ykr ekjuk gh gqvkA fQj ,slh izkS|ksfxdh dks viukus dk D;k Qk;nkA xjhc ns'kksa dh Qlyksa ;k oLrqvksa dh txg vehj ns'k viuh Qlyksa esa Hkh ogh xq.k iSnk djds xjhc ns'kksa dh Qlyksa dk fu;kZr vkSj bl rjg mudh vkenuh ?kVk ldrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, vejhdk viuh eq[; fryguh Qly jsilhM ¼rksfj;k½ esa ,slh [kwfc;ka Mky jgk gS fd xje eqYdksa dk ukfj;y dk rsy fcduk can gks tk, vkSj lHkh yksx jsilhM vkW;y dk gh bLrseky djus yxsaA fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh Ñf"k&O;oLFkk ij [kklrkSj ls tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dh bu nks rduhdksa dk cqjk vlj iM+sxk % 1- ij[kuyh esa dksf'kdk ;k Ård lao/kZu ¼fV';wdYpj½ dh rduhd 2- ,atkbe ij vk/kkfjr ehBs inkFkZ tks xUus dh phuh dh txg ys ldrs gSaA

phuh dh txg T;knk ehBs djus okys inkFkZ lfn;ksa ls fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa xUuk ;k bZ[k mudh lcls cM+h uxnh Qly jgh gSA cgqr le; rd rks 'kgn ds ckn xUus ls iSnk dh xbZ phuh] xqM+ ;k [kaMlkjh gh feBkl iSnk djus okys inkFkZ FksA lu~ 1880 esa vkdj pqdanj dks phuh dk oSdfYid lzksr cuk;k x;k] ftlds ckjs esa [kklrkSj ls Ýkal esa vuqla/kku gqvk FkkA ;g pqdanj dh ^lqxjchV* okyh fdLe Fkh vkSj bldh [ksrh Hkwe/;lkxjh; ns'kksa ls vkxs QSyrh gqbZ vejhdk] dukMk vkSj rRdkyhu lksfo;r la?k esa Hkh dh tkus yxhA fdlkuksa dks ^phuh pqdanj* mxkus ds fy, Hkkjh lfClMh nh xbZ vkSj bl rjg ;wjksi ds lHkh ns'kksa esa phuh iSnk djus ds fy, pqdanj dh [ksrh gksus yxhA bldk urhtk ;g gqvk fd ;s lHkh ns'k tgka nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k] dSjhfc;u }hi lewg vkSj ykfru vejhdh ns'kksa

123

ls xUus ls cuus okyh phuh eaxkrs Fks] ogha lu~ lÙkjkfnd ds e/; rd phuh ds fu;kZrd cu x,A lu~ lkBkfnd esa ,d vkSj oSKkfud [kkst gqbZ fd os ,atkbe [kkst fy, x, tks LVkpZ ;kuh ekaM+ dks phuh esa cny nsrs gSaA bl rjg vc LVkpZ ls gh feBkl iSnk djus okys inkFkZ cukuk laHko gks x;kA bl rduhd dks Hkh vehj ns'kksa us QkSju viuk;k] D;ksafd pqdanj ls phuh cukuk dkQh eagxk iM+ jgk FkkA bl rjg rhljh nqfu;k ds xUuk&mRikndksa ds Åij ,d vkSj xkt fxjhA blh rjg dSjhfc;u }hiksa vkSj fQfyihUl ls vejhdk us xUus dh phuh dkQh de eaxkuh 'kq: dj nhA bldk ,d dkj.k Fkk mPp ÝDVkst okyk dksuZ flji tks eDdk ls cuk;k tkrk Fkk vkSj tks reke rjg dh if'peh feBkb;ksa] pqbaxe vkSj yseutwl oxSjg esa bLrseky gksus yxkA blus /khjs&/khjs lkekU; phuh dh txg ys yhA dksuZ flji phuh ls dksbZ ikSus nks xquk T;knk ehBk gS vkSj bl rjg ls ckgj ls phuh eaxkus dh ctk, vius gh ns'k esa iSnk gksus okyk dksuZ flji vejhdk ds [kk|&izlaLdj.k m|ksx ¼QwM izkslsflax b.MLVªh½ dks lLrk iM+us yxkA lu~ 1980 rd ehBk ikuh cspdj nqfu;k dks ywVus okys nks egk&'khry is;&mRiknd dksdksdksyk vkSj isIlh us Hkh dksuZ flji dk bLrseky djuk 'kq: dj fn;kA bl rjg vejhdk us ckgj ls phuh eaxkus dk flyflyk de djuk 'kq: fd;kA lu~ 1978 esa vejhdk ckgj ls 46 yk[k Vu phuh eaxkrk FkkA lu~ 1985 esa ;g 16 yk[k Vu jg xbZA lu~ 1990 rd xUus dh phuh dk vk;kr vejhdk esa yxHkx uk ds cjkcj jg x;kA blh rjg tkiku esa 4 yk[k Vu ds djhc phuh ckgj ls eaxkbZ tkrh FkhA lu~ 1990 ds ckn ds n'kd esa blesa dksbZ 20 izfr'kr dh dVkSrh gks xbZA ,Q-,-vksds vuqlkj lu~ 1990 rd dksuZ flji ds bLrseky us vejhdk vkSj tkiku esa dksbZ 75 yk[k Vu xUus dh phuh dh txg ys yhA 'kq:&'kq: esa dksuZ flji dsoy rjy voLFkk esa fcdrk Fkk vkSj iwjh nqfu;k esa bldk mi;ksx 60 yk[k Vu rd lhfer FkkA ysfdu ckn esa vejhdk dh daiuh ^LVsyh dks.Vhus.Vy* us dksuZ flji ds jos cukus dh rduhd fudky yhA bl rjg nqfu;kHkj esa bldk bLrseky c<+us yxkA ckn esa rks eDdk dh ctk, vkyw tSlh Qlyksa dk LVkpZ Hkh ehBs inkFkks± esa cnyk tkus yxkA ;gh ugha u,&u, ;kSfxd Hkh [kksts x, tks phuh lsdbZ xqus ehBs FksA ,slk gh ,d ;kSfxd gS ^,LikVZe* tks vly esa ,d vehuks ,flM gSA blesa feBkl 200 xquh gksus ds ckotwn ;g mruh dSyksjh ÅtkZ ugha nsrk ftruh fd phuhA lks] blds bl xq.k dk Hkh Qk;nk mBk;k x;kA lu~ 1981 esa vejhdk esa ^U;wVªk LohV* ds uke ls bldh fcØh 'kq: dh xbZ] ;kuh ,slh feBkl tks fd iks"kd Hkh gSA gj lky dksbZ ,d vjc Mkyj dk ^U;wVªk LohV*

124

fcdus yxkA blesa [kklk equkQk ns[kdj cgqjk"Vªh; nkuo eksal.Vks us ^,LikVZe* cukus okyh ^th-Mh- lysZ* daiuh dks [kjhn fy;kA feBkl dh ryk'k dk ;g flyflyk ^,LikVZe* rd gh ugha :dkA feBkl ds izkÑfrd lzksr [kkstus dh pkgr esa taxy Nkus x, vkSj bl rjg ^FkkWesfVu* dk irk pyk] tks fd phuh ls 2500 xquk vf/kd ehBk gksrk gSA ^FkkWesfVu* jklk;fud ;kSfxd gksrk gS] tks if'pe vÝhdk ds ,d >kM+huqek ikS/ks dkVsEQs (Katemfe) ds >jcsjh&tSls Qyksa esa ik;k tkrk gSA ,d cgqjk"Vªh; daiuh ^VsV ,.M yk;y* us bl >kM+h dks ?kkuk] ykbcsfj;k vkSj eysf'k;k esa cM+h rknkn esa mxkuk 'kq: fd;kA ;g lu~ lÙkjkfnd dh ckr gSA ;gka ls dkVsEQs ds Qy rksM+dj bdës djds cQZ esa tek, x, vkSj fczVsu dh QSDVfj;ksa esa ys tk, x,A bl rjg muls nqfu;k dk lcls ehBk inkFkZ ^FkkWesfVu* iSnk fd;k tkus yxkA ckn esa fczVsu dh gh ;wuhfyoj daiuh us thfu;kxjh dh rduhd ls ^FkkWesfVu* cukus okyk oa'kk.kq dkVSEQs ds ikS/ks ls vyx dj fy;k vkSj mls ,d thok.kq ¼cSDVhfj;k½ esa Mky fn;k bl rjg ls vÝhdk vkSj eysf'k;k esa mxkbZ xbZ >kfM+;ka Hkh csdkj gks xb±] D;ksafd FkkWesfVu muds Qyksa dh ctk, iz;ksx'kkyk esa cuk;k tkus yxkA ;kuh yk[kksa >kM+h&mRikndksa dh jksth&jksVh [kReA ysfdu FkkWesfVu esa Hkh ,d deh fudy vkbZA ;g viuh feBkl dk Lokn eqag esa nsj rd NksM+ nsrk gSA ckn esa vejhdh [kk| vkSj vkS"kf/k iz'kklu us FkkWesfVu dh ;g deh Hkh nwj dj nh vkSj ^xzkl* (GRAS) ds rgr mls ^tujyh fjdkWXukbTM ,t lsQ* ;kuh ^dqy feykdj lqjf{kr ds :i esa ekU;* dk izek.k i= ns fn;kA Lokn c<+kus] dM+qvkgV dks <dus vkSj vU; feBkl iSnk djus okys inkFkks± dh feBkl c<+kus ds fy, eq[; :i ls FkkWesfVu dk mi;ksx gksus yxkA bls vejhdk esa ^Vkfyu* ds uke ls cspk tkrk gSA cspus okyh daiuh gS ^dYVksj QwM lkbal*A bls ;wjksi esa LohÑfr fey pqdh gS] tgka dqN [kk|ksa esa ^Vkfyu* feykdj feBkl vkSj Lokn c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA buesa pqbaxe] nwljh daQsD'kujh] dksdks cVj vkSj [kkus dh est ij phuh dh txg bLrseky djuk 'kkfey gSA cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dks FkkWesfVu ls gh lcz ugha gqvkA os reke ouLifr foKku laca/kh lkfgR; Nkudj ,sls vU; izkÑfrd lzksrksa dh ryk'k dj jgh gSa] ftuls feBkl iSnk djus okys ;kSfxd fudkys tk ldsaA blds fy, ijaijkxr Kku dh Hkh Nkuchu py jgh gSA vusd tkikuh daifu;ka blh ryk'k esa ykfru vejhdk igqap xbZ vkSj ogka dqN feBkl ds okuLifrd lzksr [kkst MkysA D;ksafd bl {ks= esa futh daifu;k gh dke dj jgh gSa] blfy, ;g ugha irk fd mudh [kkst dgka rd igqaph gS] D;ksafd ;s daifu;ka viuk dke xqipqi gh djrh gSaA ;gka ge dqN ,sls ikS/kksa dh iztkfr;ksa dh lwph ns jgs gSa] ftuls feBkl iSnk djus okys inkFkZ [kksts x, gSa %

125

feBkl iSnk djus okyk inkFkZ ikS/kk LFkku rhozrk rqyuk esa½ ikWesfVu dkVsEQ vÝhdk ekWusfyu lsjsf.MfiVh ds Qy vÝhdk fejsdqfyu fejsdqyl ds Qy vÝhdk LVsfovkslkbM~l cVksZuh isjkXos fyf/k;k MfYll eSfDldks gukZ.Myflu isfovkf.Mªu czkthfyvu fydksjkbl czkthy XywdkslkbM~l vusd tM+hcwVh okys ikS/ks phu ekseksfMZdk xzkslosuksjh phu eksxzkslkbM Xykblhjkbthu fydksjkbl fQyksMfYlu gkbMªsat

feBkl dh ¼phuh dh 2500 xquh 3000 xquh \ 300 xquh 1000 xquh

lzksr % gkscfyad ,p- Þck;ksVsDuksykWth ,.M n ¶;wpj vkWQ oYMZ ,xzhdYpjß tsM cqDl] yanu] 1991

,d vkSj ehBk inkFkZ vejhdk vkSj tkiku esa ^lkekU;rkSj ij lqjf{kr* dh ekU;rk ik pqdk gSA ;g gS ,jhfFkzVksyA bls Hkh de dSyksjh okyk feBkl iSnk djus okyk inkFkZ ekuk x;k gS] tks dSaljtud ugha gS vkSj vklkuh ls ip tkrk gSA bldk mi;ksx djds vusd izdkj ds ikSf"Vd [kk| inkFkZ cuk, vkSj csps tk jgs gSaA ysfdu buesa ls dksbZ Hkh tgka rd ikSf"Vdrk dk iz'u gS] Hkkjr ds ns'kh xqM+ dk eqdkcyk ugha dj ldrkA bldk Bhd <ax ls izpkj&izlkj fd;k tk, rks bu reke ^LohVujksa* dks ekr nsdj iwjh nqfu;k esa ge viuk xqM+ csp ldrs gSaA blh chp eksalk.Vks us vxyh ih<+h ds ,d ehBs inkFkZ dk isVs.V ys fy;k gSA ;g phuh dh feBkl & lqØkst ls 8000 xquk vf/kd ehBk gSA oSKkfud blds fodkl esa dksbZ 16 o"kks± ls yxs gq, FksA bls uke fn;k x;k gS ^fuvksVse*A eksalk.Vks us bls [kkus dh est ij ^LohVuj* ds :i esa bLrseky djus ds fy, Hkh isVs.V ysus dk vkosnu fd;k gSA ckn esa ;g [kkus&ihus dh phtksa dks ehBk djus ds fy, fuvksVse* ds bLrseky dk isVs.V ysxk] tks 2010 rd eksalk.Vks ds ikl jgsxkA vejhdk esa bldk isVsaV ysus ds ckn eksalk.Vks ckdh nqfu;k esa Hkh bldk isVsaV ysdj iwjh nqfu;k esa phuh dh txg ^fuvksVsd* dks [kikus dh rS;kjh dj pqdk gSA

dM++qbZ Qly fodflr ns'kksa esa bu vf/kd feBkl okys la'ysf"kr inkFkks± ds vk tkus ls phuh dh [kir yxkrkj de gks jgh gSA bUgsa de dSyksjh okys feBkl tud inkFkks± ds :i esa izpkfjr fd;k tk jgk gSA ;s phuh ls lLrs Hkh iM+rs gSa] D;ksafd ftruh feBkl iSnk djus ds fy, tgka vk/kk fdyks phuh Mkyuh iM+sxh] ogka bu inkFkks± dh ikap&nl cwansa gh dkQh gSA feBkl iSnk djus okys Ñf=e inkFkks± esa ls ^lsØhu* dks rks fodflr ns'kksa esa izfrcaf/kr dj fn;k x;k gS] D;ksafd blesa dSalj iSnk djus dk nks"k 126

ik;k x;kA ysfdu Hkkjr tSls fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa ikcanh ds ckotwn lsØhu feykbZ tkrh gS & [kklrkSj ls is; inkFkks± esaA blfy, ftUgsa vius LokLF; dh fpark gS] mUgsa ns'kh 'kcZr vkSj yLlh oxSjg dk gh mi;ksx djuk pkfg,A m/kj vejhdk esa bu cukoVh ehBksa ds vk tkus ls phuh dh [kir esa 50 izfr'kr dh deh vk xbZ gSA ^dksuZ flji* dh [kir 40 izfr'kr c<+ xbZ gSA ckdh 10 izfr'kr esa cukoVh ehBs vk x, gS vkSj tYnh gh ^fuvksVse* tks phuh ls 8000 xquk ehBk gS] ^dksuZ&flji* dh txg ys ysxkA ysfdu ftu cukoVh ehBksa dks fQygky de dSyksjh okyk] ikpd vkSj ikSf"Vd crkdj cspk tk jgk gS] muesa Hkh vusd nks"k gks ldrs gS] tks Nqik, tk jgs gksaxsA tc budk mi;ksx c<+us ds ckn Mk;fcVht] ân; jksx vkSj dSalj dh ?kVuk,a c<+saxha] rc vehj ns'kksa dks gks'k vk,xkA tgka rd fodkl'khy ns'kksa dk iz'u gS] ogka Hkh bu cukoVh ehBksa ds izpkj&izlkj dh Hkjiwj dksf'k'k dh tk jgh gSA ijks{k :i esa 'khry is;ksa ds :i esa rks ;g iwjh nqfu;k esa QSyk, tk pqds gSaA D;ksafd cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds lHkh is; inkFkks± esa cukoVh feBkl gksrh gSA bldk dqizHkko mu fodkl'khy ns'kksa ij iM+sxk] tgka xUuk mxk;k tkrk gS vkSj phuh dk fu;kZr fd;k tkrk gSA vuqeku gS fd dksbZ 5 djksM+ xUuk&mRiknd bu cukoVh feBklksa ds dkj.k ?kkVk mBk,axsA xUuk iSnk djus esa Hkkjr lcls vxz.kh ns'k gS] blfy, mls Hkh phuh ds fu;kZr ls gksus okyh fons'kh eqnzk dh dekbZ ?kVus ls dkQh uqdlku gksxk vkSj gks jgk gSA iwjh nqfu;k eas phuh dk <sj tek gks x;k gS vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; eaMh esa phuh ds nke vkSa/ks eqag vk fxjs gSaA gekjs ns'k esa phuh dh tks dher gS] mlls vk/ks nkeksa esa varjkZ"Vªh; eafM;ksa esa fcd jgh gSA bldk ,d gh dkj.k gS] cukoVh feBkl tks] reke jklk;fud inkFkks± vkSj dksuZ flji ds :i esa dM+qvkgV QSyk jgh gSA 5 djksM+ fdlkuksa ds vykok djksM+ksa etnwj xUus dh [ksrh] phuh fey] xqM+] [kaMlkjh oxSjg ls jksth&jksVh dekrs gSaA vxj ;s Ñf=e ehBs py iM+s rks xUus dh [ksrh vkSj phuh m|ksx BIi gks tk,xk vkSj djksM+ksa yksx xjhc ns'kksa esa vkSj Hkh xjhc gks tk,axsA dksf'k'k ;g Hkh gks jgh gS fd cukoVh feBkl iSnk djus okyh QSDVfj;ka Hkkjr&tSls ns'kksa esa yxk nh tk,a vkSj bu ns'kksa esa iSnk djds budks gh csph tk,aA ;g rks ^djsyk vkSj uhe p<+k* ls Hkh T;knk dM+qvkgV iSnk djsxkA ,slk gqvk rks phuh&xqM+ dks rks yksx Hkwy gh tk,axsA fQj cukoVh feBklksa ls tks dM+q, Qy reke rjg ds jksxksa ds :i esa feysaxs] mudk Hkh uqdlku fodkl'khy ns'kksa dks gh mBkuk iM+sxkA ;s dM+q, Qy Hkh tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dh gh nsu gSa] ftlds xqu xkrs&xkrs gekjs oSKkfud Fkdrs ugha gSA vHkh rd Hkkjr ds dksbZ 4 djksM+ xUuk&mRiknd vkSj 3-5 127

yk[k xUuk&Jfed rFkk dkjhxj bl cukoVh dM+qbZ feBkl ls cps gq, gSaA ysfdu HkweaMyhdj.k vkSj mnkjhdj.k ds bl nkSj esa dc rd cps jgsaxs] ;g fpark djus dh ckr gSA cgqjk"VÂªh; daifu;ksa dk cukoVh feBkl&m|ksx ij ,dkf/kdkj gS vkSj muds yacs gkFkksa dks xUuk&mRikndksa vkSj phuh fey&ekfydksa dh xnZu rd igqapus esa nsj ugha yxsxhA

128

Hk k x rh u oSKkfud vkSj vkfFkZd vyxkookn

129

7 + isVs.V&;q) ^^,slk D;ksa gS fd Hkkjr ds yksx rks ^MCY;w- Vh- vks* dk fojks/k dj jgs gSaA ysfdu Lo;a Hkkjr ljdkj leFkZu djrh gS]** eq>ls ckrphr esa ;g iz'u mBk;k FkkA ukWaosZ dh iz/kku ea=h Jherh xzks cz.VyS.M usA rc eSaus mUgsa crk;k Fkk fd ^^cM+h lknh&lh ckr gSA ftu yksxksa us xSV@MCY;w-Vh-vks okrkZvksa esa Hkkjr dk izfrfuf/kRo fd;k Fkk] muesa ls vf/kdka'k dh tscksa esa muds ^^ck;ksMkVk** ¼thou&ifjp;½ FksA mUgsa dsoy ,sls lEidZ lk/kus dh yyd Fkh ftudh flQkfj'k ij ^MCY;w- Vh- vks* esa ;k fQj fdlh vU; vUrjkZ"Vªh; laxBu esa mudh ukSdjh yx tk,A** eSaus mUgsa ;g Hkh crk;k fd ;g ckr Hkkjr ds gh ugha yxHkx lHkh fodkl'khy ns'ksa ds izfrfuf/k;ksa ij ykxw gksrh gSA okrkZyki ds pkj lky ckn 1 tuojh 1995 dks ^MCY;w- Vh- vks* vfLrRo esa vk;kA MCY;w- Vh- vks* blfy, ugha cu x;k fd Hkkjr us vka[k ehap dj tgkA crk;k x;k] ogkWa gLrk{kj dj fn,] cfYd blfy, fd ml le; gekjs izfrfuf/k;ksa us ;g le>us dh dksf'k'k ugha dh fd gekjs bl rjg vaxwBk&Nki ksa dh rjg cs&lkspas&le>sa nLr[kr dj nsus ds urhts D;k gksaxsA ml le; ljdkj nwljh vkSj tks vkt ljdkj esa gSa] os MCY;w- Vh- vks ds dgj fojks/kh FksA bl rjg ns'kfgr dh rfud Hkh fpark u djus okys yksxksa us flQZ bl ykyp ls fd Hkkjr esa fons'kh iwath fuos'k c<+sxk MCY;w- Vh- vks dh lnL;rk Lohdkj dj ds fouk'k ds cht cks fn,A MCY;wVh- vks dh xqykeh eku ysus dk gh urhtk gS fd gesa 1970 dk bf.M;u isVs.V ,DV cnyuk iM+ jgk gsa fo'o O;kikj laxBu ds v/khu gesa fVªIl ;kuh VªsM fjysVsM b.VySDpqvy izksiVhZ jkbV~l ¼TRIPS½ dks Hkh ekuuk iM+kA bl O;kikj laca/kh ckSf)d lEink ds vf/kdkj dks Hkkjr Lohdkj djs] ftu yksxksa us ;g lq>ko fn;k Fkk] muesa rRdkyhu okf.kT; lfpo ,- oh- x.ks'ku Hkh lfEefyr FksA mUgksaus ejkds'k le>kSrs dks Lohdkj djrs gq,s dgk Fkk fd ^^gekjs ikl dksbZ vkSj pkjk ugha FkkA** bl rjg viuh xyrh ds fy, Lo;a dks fu:ik; crkdj os iwjs ns'k dks fo'o O;kikj laxBu ds pqaxy esa /kdsy x,A MCY;w- Vh- vks ds rgr vius isVs.V dkuwu dks cnyus dk eryc ;g gS fd gekjk nok&m|ksx BIi gks tk,xk vkSj nokvksa ds nke vkleku dks Nwus yxsaxsA bl dkuwu esa ,slh O;oLFkk jgh fd gekjs ns'k esa nqfu;k dh ,slh dksbZ Hkh nok cukbZ tk ldrh gS ftldks cukus es age ml izfdz;k dk 'kq: ls vkf[kj rd oSlk gh bLrseky u djsa] tSls fd ml nok dk isVs.V ftlds ikl gS] ml dEiuh us fd;k gSA iwjh izfdz;k dk isVs.V Fkk] mRiknu ;kuh nok dk isVs.V gekjs dkuwu esa ugha 130

FkkA bl rjg Vh- ch- vkSj fQj ,M~l ds mipkj esa dke vkus okyh ^,- tsM- Vh* dks gekjs ns'k dh gSnjkckn esa fLFkr iz;ksx'kkyk us cuk fy;k vkSj eqEcbZ dh ,d nok daiuh dks ykblsal nsdj cM+s iSekus ij bldk fuekZ.k djuk 'kq: dj fn;kA ;gh nok fons'k ls eaxokus ij cM+h eagxh iM+rh Fkh& djhc 100 xquh eagxhA ;g rks ,d mnkgj.k gSA ,slh vusd nok,a gSa] tks Hkkjr esa cM+h lLrh fcdrh gSa vkSj iM+kSl ds ns'k ikfdLrku esa gh ;gka ls dbZ xqus nkeksa ij csph tk jgh gSa] D;ksafd ogka os ckgj ls vkrh gSaA ;g gekjs isVs.V&dkuwu dh cnkSyr gh laHko gks ik;k FkkA ysfdu vc gesa u;k isV.V dkuwu cukuk iM+k gS] ftlesa ^izkslsl* ;kuh izfdz;k dh txg] ^izksMDV* ;kuh mRikn ds isVs.V dk izko/kku gSA vDlj gekjs ns'k esa yksx phu dk mnkgj.k nsrs gSaA pht 'kq: esa ^ MCY;w- Vh- vks* dk lnL; ugha Fkk] ysfdu ckn esa tc mlus iwjh rS;kjh dj yh fd fdl rjg nqfu;k ds cktkj [kqyus ij og viuk eky >ksad ldsxk] mlus lnL;rk Lohdkj dj yhA urhtk ;g gqvk gS fd vkt Hkkjr esa reke rjg ds lLrs phuh mRikn& VkWpZ] lkbfdy] ia[ks] f[kykSus vkSj Vh- oh lSV oxSjg & Nk x, gSaA Hkys gh mudh DokfyVh vPNh u gks] ysfdu ,d ckj rks lLrs ds pDdj esa fcd gh tkrs gSaA gekj eky dgka&fdruk fcd jgk gS\ Åij ls ge phuh dh udy djus dh ckr djrs gSaA vly esa gekjs cqf)thoh phu dh felky nsrs gq, ,d rks ;g Hkwy tkrs gSa fd ogka tks 'kklu&O;oLFkk gS] mlds varxZr gj dke M.Mk ?kqekdj djk fy;k tkrk gSA ftlus badkj fd;k] mls dqpy fn;kA tcfd gekjs ;gka okLrfod tura=&iz.kkyh gSA yksxksa dks viuh vkokt mBkus dh Lora=rk gSA phu us isVs.V&dkuwu cnyus ls igys isVs.V&O;oLFkk dh gj ckjhdh dk vius ;gka izlkj fd;kA isVs.V&lk{kjrk dk vfHk;ku pyk;kA o"kksZa igys&lsA bl rjg ckSf)d lEink ds vf/kdkj ds ckjs esa Hkh phu us vius ukxfjdksa esa psruk txkbZA phu ds ckjs esa lcdks irk gS fd mls fo'o&eS=h fn[kkus ;k nqfu;k dh fpark djus dk dksbZ 'kkSd ugha gSA mlds fy, jk"Vªfgr loksZifj gSA 'kk;n vkidks ;kn gks fd tSls gh vejhdk us dqN ftalksa dks vejhdk Hkstus ij ikcanh yxkbZ rks phu us QkSju tokch dk;Zokgh dh] vkSj mlus Hkh vius ns'k esa vejhdh eky ds izos'k ij oSlh gh ikcafn;ka yxk nhaA phu ds ckj&ckj nqfu;k dks ;g vPNh rjg fn[kk fn;k gS fd cnys dh dk;Zokgh ls Hkys gh mldh vUrjkZ"Vªh; Nfo /kwfey gksrh gks] mls bldh rfud Hkh ijokg ugha gSA lkjh nqfu;k tkurh gS fd phu fdlh dk Hkh lxk ugha gSA vius ns'k ds fgr vkSj xkSjo dh j{kk ds fy, phu fdlh Hkh gn rd fxj ldrk gSA nwljh vksj ge gSa fd iks[kju esa nwljh ckj ijek.kq&ijh{k.k ds ckn tc vejhdk us izfrca/k yxk, rks geus QkSju ?kqVus Vsd fn,A D;k Hkkjr dks Hkh tokch dk;Zokgh 131

djrs gq, rqjar oSls gh izfrca/k ugha yxk nsus pkfg, Fks] tSlk fd phu us fd;k! ml le; gesa vius ns'k dh fpark D;ksa ugha gqbZ\ vki dgsaxs fd ,slk fd;k gksrk rks Hkkjr nqfu;k esa vyx&Fkyx iM+ tkrk] D;ksafd vejhdk dh ns[kkns[kh mlds reke fiNyXxqvksa us ml le; izfrca/k yxk fn, FksA rks D;k gksrkA phu Hkh rks brus o"kksZa rd ^ckal ds ijnksa* ds ihNs Nqik jgk vkSj tc ckgj vk;k rks nqfu;k dh nwljh lcls cM+h rkdr cu djA dkSu ugha tkurk fd 'khr;q) [kRe gksus vkSj lksfo;r la?k ds fc[kj tkus ds ckn vejhdk vxj fdlh ls [kkSQ+ [kkrk gS] rks cl phu lsA dqN lky igys eSa Hkkjr essa îhNs ds njokts+ ls* îsIlh QwM~l* daiuh ds izos'k dk dM+k fojks/k dj jgk Fkk rks ml le; ljdkjh lksp ;g Fkk fd ^ns[kks vxj phu esa îsIlh* vkSj ^dksdkdksyk* gS rks Hkkjr esa D;kas ughaA* ckn esa lcdks irk gS fd fdl rjg isIlh iatkc esa d`f"k vuqla/kku dh iz;ksx'kkyk [kksyus ds cgkus ls Hkkjr esa vk /kedk vkSj fQj ,d Hkkjrh; is; daiuh dks [kjhndj viuk ehBk ikuh cspus yxkA mlds ihNs&ihNs dksdksdksyk vk;kA nksuksa us 'khryis;&ckt+kj ij gh ugha] [kk|&O;kikj ij Hkh dCt+k tekuk 'kq: dj fn;kA blh rjg tc cSad flD;ksfjVht+ dk ?kiyk gqvk vkSj ljdkj dks lSdM+ksa djksM+ :i;s dh pir yxh rks rRdkyhu foRrea=h Mk- eueksgu flag us dg fn;k fd fons'kh cSadksa ds f[kykQ+ dksbZ dk;Zokgh ugha dh tk,xh] D;ksafd mlls fons'kh fuos'kdksa dks x+yr lans'k feysxk vkSj os Hkkjr esa iwath fuos'k djuk can dj nsaxsA tcfd phu dHkh Hkh fons'kh daifu;ksa dks MkVus&MiVus ;k gM+dkus ls ugha pwdrkA blh rjg og fons'kh fuos'kdksa dks fcydqy lVhd lans'k Hkstrk gS fd phu esa rqEgkjh gsdM+h ugha pysxhA gekjs ;gka rks reke fons'kh cSadksa vkSj cgqjk"VÂªh; daifu;ksa esa gekjs ukSdj'kkgksa ds csVs&csfV;ka eksVs&eksVs osruksa ij ,s'k dj jgs gSaA fQj fdldh etky fd muds f[kykQ+ dksbZ dk;Zokgh dh tk,A ge ppkZ dj jgs Fks isVs.V dhA gesa vDlj dgk tkrk gS fd MCY;w- Vh- vks- iz.kkyh esa ijLij&ykHk ds vk/kkj ij dke gksrk gSA ysfdu vly esa fo'o O;kikj laxBu cM+s ns'kksa ds fy, nqfu;k ds ckt+kj [kksy nsus ds fy, cuk;k x;k gSA [kklrkSj ls vejhdk ds fy, tgka eky Hkjk iM+k gS vkSj mls cspus ds fy, cktkj pkfg,] ugha rks eanh dh pisV esa vkbZ ogkWa fd vFkZO;oLFkk pkSiV gks tk,xhA [kqn vejhdk fo'o O;kikj laxBu dh mruh gh lykg ekurk gS] tks mlds eryc dh gS vkSj MCY;wVh- vks ds de ls de 17 QSlys ,sls gSa] ftudk ikyu djus ls vejhdk us badkj dj fn;k gSA ftu 70 fodkl'khy ij vejhdk us ^lqij 301* vkSj ^Lis'ky 301* ds rgr ikcafn;ka Fkksiha] rks D;k MCY;w- Vh- vks dh lykg ls fd;k FkkA ;gka MCY;w- Vhvks dk ijLij ykHk dk fu;e dgka x;k\

132

[kk|&vlqj{kk ds cht ckSf)d lEink ds vf/kdkj dk lcls cM+k nq:i;ksx ;g gksus okyk gS fd d`f"k vkSj [kk| ds {ks= esa blds dkj.k vlqj{kk ds cht cks;s tk jgs gSaA uhe] gYnh vkSj beyh ds ckn gekjs cklerh pkoy dks gh isVs.V djkus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZA gesa viuh gjh fojklr dks if'peh ck;ksVSd daifu;ksa dh fx)&n`f"V ls cpkus ds fy, dM+h e'kDd+r djuh iM+ jgh gSA vxj budh cu iM+h rks 21 oha lnh ds var rd gekjh lkjh izkd`frd lEink] lEiw.kZ ijaijkxr Kku vkSj ns'kh tM+h&cwfV;ka buds dCts esa gksaxha vkSj gekjk bu ij dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha jgsxkA ;g vkfFkZd vigj.k dk vU;re mnkgj.k gSA gekjk lEiw.kZ d`f"k ,oa [kk|ra= dqN ck;ksVSd&daifu;kssa ds gkFk esa pyk x;k rks Hkkjr dks viuh [kk| lqj{kk ds fy, bu daifu;ksa dk eqag tksguk iM+sxkA mUgsa equkQk gqvk rc rks Bhd vkSj vxj os ?kkVs esa jgha rks ns'k dh [kk| lqj{kk Hkh [krjs esaA ,slh vkfFkZd ijra=rk ls rks vaxzstksa dh xqykeh gh D;k cqjh Fkh\ gekjs ns'k esa d`f"k vkSj [kk| {ks= dh cM+h xkSojiw.kZ ijEijk jgh gSA lHkh izns'kksa ds vius&vius [kkl O;atu gSa] ftuds ihNs LFkkuh; Qlyksa vkSj LFkkuh; lkexzh dk cM+k oSfo/;iw.kZ mi;ksx gksrk jgk gSA ;s O;atu Lokn gh ugha] iks"k.k dh n`f"V ls Hkh mi;ksxh gSaA vc lkjh nqfu;k esa gksM+ yxh gS bUgsa isVs.V djkus dhA gekjh pVfu;ksa ls ysdj lekslk] dpkSM+h] bMyh] Mkslk] iqyko& lHkh dks gh ckgj dh daifu;ka isVs.V djkuk pkgrh gSaA tks daifu;ka ns'k esa ?kql vkbZ gSa] os bu lcdks cukus dh rduhdsa lh[k jgh gSaA chdkusjh Hkqft;k vc cgqjk"Vªh; daiuh cukdj csp jgh gSA dy dks mles dqN u;k Mkydj isVs.V djkus yxsa rks chdkusj dk ;g ukeh O;atu Hkh chdkusj ds gkFk ls fudy tk,xkA budh ekuo&nzksgh xfrfof/k;kaa dYiuk ls ijs gSaA tc 'kjhj esa yo.k vkSj ty dh deh gks tk, & gStk gksus ij ;gh gksrk gS& rks mlds fy, ^vksjy fjgkbMªs'ku Fksjsih* ;kuh ^vks- vkj- Vh-* dk izpyu gSA [kklrkSj ls fo'o LokLF; laxBu vkSj ;wuhlsQ cPpksa dks bl foifRr ls cpkus ds fy, ued&Xywdkst+ ds bl feJ.k dks ikuh esa ?kksydj fiykus dk izpkj dj jgs gSaA vusd xSj ljdkjh laxBu ctk; iSdV [kjhnus ds pqVdh Hkj ued] pqVdh Hkj phuh ;k xqM+ ikuh esa ?kksydj fiykus dh lh[k xkao nsgkr esa ns jgs gSaA blls gt+kjksa dh izk.kj{kk gqbZ gS vkSj gks jgh gSA vc ,d cgqjk"Vªh; dEiuh bl ^vks- vkj- Vh-* dk Hkh isVs.V ys pqdh gS! ^cklerh pkoy* vkSj ^nkftZfyax pk;* dk isVs.V ysus dk iz;kl djus ds ckn ,d vejhdh dEiuh us dkyh fepZ ds pViVs ;kSfxd ^ikbisfju* dks Hkh IksVs.V djkus dh dksf'k'k dhA Hkkjr dh dkyh fepZ nqfu;k Hkj esa e'kgwj jgh gSA ;g igys dsoy Hkkjr esa dsjy esa gh mxkbZ tkrh Fkh vkSj vjc lkSnkxj lksus ds Hkko rkSy dj ys tkrs FksA blds ;kSfxd ^ikbisfju* dks isVs.V djkus okyh dEiuh Hkkjr ls dkyhfepZ 133

dk fu;kZr can djkds gekjh fons'kh eqnzk dh dekbZ can djkuk pkgrh gSA ;g isVs.V lu~ 1996 esa vejhdh dEiuh lkfcULdk ¼Sabinsca½ us fy;k FkkA vHkh gekjk elkyk cksMZ bl isVs.V geys ls laHky Hkh ugha ik;k Fkk fd bUxyS.M dh ,d daiuh tkWtZ fofy;Elu fy- us pk; cukus dh lEiw.kZ izfdz;k dks gh isVs.V djkus dh dksf'k'k dhA blesa pk; dh ifRr;ka rksM+us ls ysdj mUgsa lq[kkus vkSj iz'kksf/kr djus ls ysdj mudh iSfdax rd gj pj.k dks bl daiuh us isVs.V djkuk pkgkA og rks gekjk ^pk; cksMZ* le; ij psr x;k] ugha rks pk; tSlk yksdfiz; is; vke vkneh dh igqap ls ckgj gks tkrkA cgqjk"Vªh; daiuh uslys us pkoy ds 'kkdh; iqyko vkSj lsyk pkoy dk ;wjksih; isVs.V ys fy;k gSA pVfu;ksa ls ysdj McyjksVh ij pqiM+us ds tSe vkSj vkbldzhe rFkk ikSf"Vd vkgkjksa ds uqL[kksa rd lSdM+ksa O;atuksa ds isVs.V vkosnu Hkkjr ds isVs.V dk;kZy; esa igqaps gq, gSaA ogka dksbZ 36]000 isVs.V vkosnu igys&ls iM+s gSaA Hkyk gks bl dk;kZy; dh lqLrh dk fd vxys ,d lkS o"kZ esa Hkh bu vkosnuksa ij dksbZ QSlyk ugh gksus okykA vejhdh vkSj ;wjksih isVs.V dk;kZy; bl ekeys esa iwjh pqLrh cjr jgs gSaA uhe dh dhVuk'kh vkSj vkS"k/kh; fo'ks"krkvksa ij dksbZ 64 isVs.V fy, tk pqds gSaA beyh ij gh 34 isVs.V fey pqds gSaA gYnh ij 11 isVs.V gSa vkSj feêh esa ik, tkus okys lw{ethoksa ij 28A ;s lHkh isVs.V dqN eqëh Hkj cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa vkSj futh daifu;ksa ds dCts+ esa gSaA vly esa rks gekjs ns'k esa dksbZ Hkh Bhd&Bhd ugha crk ldrk fd gekjh izkd`frd lEink vkSj ijaijkxr Kku ls tqM+s fdrus isVs.V nqfu;k Hkj esa fy, tk pqds gSaA Hkkjr dk isVs.V dk;kZy; rks thfu;kxjh ls lq/kkjs x, gj rjg ds dikl dk isVs.V] uhe dk isVs.V ysus dh dksf'k'k ds fy, cnuke MCY;w- vkjxzsl dh ^,xzklhVl* uked mi&daiuh dks nsus yxk FkkA og rks vDVwcj 1994 esa rRdkyhu iz/kkuea=h Jh ih- oh- ujflag jko us gLr{ksi fd;k] ugha rks dikl dh reke fdLesa ijk;s thu Mky&Mkydj ;g cgqjk"Vªh; daiuh viuh >ksyh esa Mky ysrhA bl isVs.V dk eryc Fkk fd ,xzklhVl daiuh ck;ksVSd dh fdlh Hkh fof/k ls lq/kkjs x, dikl dk cht fQj fdlh vkSj dks ugha cukus nsrhA bl rjg Hkkjr eas rks lkjk dikl&vuqla/kku gh Bi gks tkrkA xuher gS fd ,xzklhVl Hkkjr esa ijkthuh dikl dk isVs.V ugh ys ik;hA ysfdu bldk eryc ;g ugha gS fd bu ykyph daifu;ksa us Hkkjr dh ouLifr&lEink ds isVs.V ysus ls rkSck dj yh gSA vc Hkh Hkkjr dh [kk|&lqj{kk dks fons'kh isVs.V dkuwuksa ls [krjk cuk gqvk gS vkSj vc rks ns'kh isVs.V dkuwu Hkh mudh ethZ ds eqrkfcd cny fn;k x;k gSA /kku] lks;kchu] dkSQh] fepZ] QwyxksHkh] iRrkxksHkh] eVj vkSj [kjcwt&rjcwt dh ijkthuh fdLeksa ds isVs.V rks cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds dCts+ esa igqap gh pqds gSaA vxj 134

blh rjg ds isVs.V nyguh vkSj elkys okyh Qlyksa ds Hkh ys fy, x, rks gekjs ns'k ds fdlkuksa vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk dks fdruk uqdlku gksxk] bldk vanktk yxkuk eqf'dy gSA Qlysa gh ugha i'kq /ku ij Hkh isVs.V dk [k+rjk eaMjk jgk gSA vejhdh d`f"k foHkkx us xk; vkSj lwvj dk oa'kk.kq&dks"k cuk Mkyus dh ?kks"k.kk dh gSA bldk eryc ;g gS fd os ;g ekywe dj pqds gSa fd dkSu lk oa'kk.kq lwvj dks tYnh eksVk djsxk vkSj dkSu&lk oa'kk.kq xk; dk nw/k c<+k;sxkA bu oa'kk.kqvksa dh os lwvj vkSj x/kk esa la[;k c<+k;saxs vkSj fQj ftl uLy esa Mkysaxs] mlds fy, dgasxs fd ;g ijkthuh uLy gekjhA bl rjg bu vkSj bu tSls vU; ikyrw i'kqvksa ds oa'kk.kq Hkh isVs.V djk fy, tk,axsA blh rjg vejhdk] ;wjksih la?k] fczVsu vkSj tkiku tSls cM+s ns'k feydj dksbZ 14 Qlyksa ds thu&dks"k cukus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs gSaA buesa /kku] eDdk] xsgwa tSlh Hkkjr dh lHkh eq[; Qlysa 'kkfey gSaA dgk rks ;gh tk jgk gS fd bu Qlyksa ds thu&dks"k lcdks miyC/k jgsaxs vkSj iwjh nqfu;k ds oSKkfud bl Kku dk ykHk mBk ldsaxsA ysfdu vuqHko ;gh crkrk gS fd bu Qlyksa ds oa'kk.kq&dks"k ds os lHkh oa'kk.kq isVs.V djk fy, tk,axs] tks [kkl dke ds gksaxsA thu&tqxkMqvksa dh dksf'k'k ;gh gS fd fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh vFkZO;oLFkk ftu eq[; Qlyksa ij vk/kkfjr gS] os Qklysa muds dCts+ esa gks tk,aA ,xzklhVl us rks ;g ?kks"k.kk djds fd /kku dh ^bf.Mdk* vkSj ^tsiksfudk* nksuksa rjg dh fdLeksa ij mldk ,dkf/kdkj gS] lcdks pkSadk fn;k FkkA ;g ?kks"k.kk dsoy bl vk/kkj ij dh xbZ Fkh fd bu fdLeksa ds /kku ds ikS/ks esa ^,xzklhVl* ds thfu;kxjksa us u, thu Mky fn, FksA ctk; blds fd bl [kkl thu okyh fdLeksa dk gh isVs.V fy;k tkrk] ,xzklhVl us iwjh /kku dh Qly gh isVs.V djkuh pkghA vxj ;gh gky jgk rks og fnu nwj ugha tc fo'o dh leLr ikS/k&lEink vkSj i'kq/ku ij cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dk ,dkf/kdj gksxkA ;g lc dqN mudh O;fDrxr lEifRr cu tk,xkA fQj ge Hkys gh iztudksa vkSj fdlkuksa ds vf/kdkjksa dk jkx vykirs jgsa ;k vius Lo;a ds dkuwu x<+rs jgsa] gekjh ,d Hkh ugha pysxh vkSj cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka xjhc ns'kksa dh [kk|&lqj{kk vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk ij gkoh gks tk;asxhaA bl rjg dh isVs.V&iz.kkfy;ka ns'kh d`f"k vuqla/kku dks BIi djus ds lkFk gh d`f"k O;kikj dk :[k Hkh cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds fgrksa dh vksj eksM nsaxhaA blds vklkj fn[kkbZ ns jgs gSaA ;wjksih la?k us vtZsf.Vuk ls LVªkWcsjh dh vkod ij ikcanh yxk nh gSA blh rjg isfjl Hksth xbZ caxykSj ds 41000 xqykcksa dh [ksi okil dj nh xbZA vlyh dkj.k rks ;g Fkk fd 1994 esa vtsZf.Vuk ds LVªkcSjh vkSj 1998 esa Hkkjr ds xqykc ;wjksi esa igqapus fn, tkrs rks LFkkuh; fdlkuksa vkSj O;kikfj;ksa dk uqdlku 135

gksrkA ysfdu Åij ls reke rjg ds nwljs cgkus crk, x,] ftuesa ls ,d isVs.V&dkuwuksa dk mYya?ku Hkh FkkA blls igys ;wjksih daifu;ka [kqn LVªkcSjh vkSj xqykc [kjhnrh jgh gSaA rc dksbZ vkifRr ugha FkhA nslh daifu;ka Hkstus yxha rks os mudh vka[kksa dh fdjfdjh cu xbZaA cklerh pkoy dks isVs.V djkus dh lkft'k cM+h lksph&le>h vkSj tfVy FkhA vejhdk dh jkbl VSd dEiuh us ikfdLrku ls cklerh dh nslh fdLesa eaxkdj muesa lq/kkj djds u;h fdLesa cukbZ FkhaA ysfdu ewyr% cklerh varjkZ"Vªh; d`f"k vuqla/kku dsUnzksa ds laxzg ls eaxk, x, Fks] tgka ikfdLrku gks ;k Hkkjr lHkh fodkl'kkhy ns'kksa dh reke Qlyksa ds uewus bdës djds j[ks x, gSa] rkfd ubZ fdLeksa ds fodkl esa mudk bLrseky fd;k tk ldsA vHkh gky rd ;g vknku&iznku [kqys eu ls gksrk FkkA ysfdu vc bl ij isVs.V ds ckny eaMjk jgs gSaA ;gka Hkh esjk&rsjk 'kq: gks x;k gSA jkblVSd us Hkh ;gh fd;k fd geus lq/kkjh gS] blfy, cklerh rks vc gekjh gks xbZA vly esa mldh fuxkgsa vjc ns'kksa vkSj ;wjksi esa cklerh pkoy dh Hkkjh [kir ij fVdh FkhaA blls igys ;gh daiuh ^tlerh* vkSj VSDlerh* uke ls lqxaf/kr pkoy dh viuh fdLesa isVs.V djkds csp jgh FkhA ysfdu bl feyrs&tqyrs uke ls Hkh dke ugha cuk vkSj cklerh ds 'kkSdhu /kks[ks esa ugha vk,] rks jkblVSd us ^cklerh* dk czk.M uke gh gM+iuk pkgkA FkkbyS.M esa lqxaf/kr pkoy dh ,d fdLe dk uke gS& ^tSLehu*A bls Hkh jkblVSd us lq/kjh fdLe ds uke ij isVs.V djk fy;k FkkA blds ckn mlus Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku ds cklerh&fu;kZr dk BIi djus dh lksphA cklerh isVs.V dks fujLr djkus ds fy, Hkkjr dks dksbZ 1500 i`"Bksa dk nLrkost rS;kj djuk iM+kA blesa ^HkkSxksfyd lhek* dh nyhy cM+h tksjnkj lkfcr gqbZA fczVsu esa cgqr igys ^cklerh* dh ifjHkk"kk ;g r; dh xbZ Fkh fd Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku ds [kkl bykdksa esa mxk;k tkus okyk lqxaf/kr pkoyA bu bykdksa ds uke Hkh fxuk, x, FksA fQj dksbZ dgh cklerh dh fdruh gh cf<;k fdLe cuk ys] og mls cklerh dgdj ugha csp ldrkA ysfdu ftl j¶rkj ls gekjh Qly&lEink vkSj O;atu&lEink dks gM+ius ds fy, isVs.V&vkosnu nkf[ky fd, tk jgs gSa] mls ns[kdj Mj yxrk gS fd dghaa bu isVs.Vksa ds f[kykQ+ eqdnes yM+us ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj dks vyx ls isVs.V&jks/kh ea=ky; u cukuk iM+ tk;sA ^fdlh Hkh Qly esa u;k thu Mkydj ml ijkthuh fdLe dks isVs.V djk ysuk]* cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dh ;g iksy vc [kqy xbZ gSA gekjs rks 40 djksM+ fdlkuksa esa ls cl 10 izfr'kr gh gj lky ckt+kj ls cht [kjhnrs gSaA ckdh 90 izfr'kr rks viuk gh cht vxys lky Hkh bLrseky djrs gSAa blfy, chtksa ds isVs.V Hkkjr dh d`f"k O;oLFkk ij dqBkjk?kkr djsaxsA

136

b/kj geus viuk iqjkuk isVs.V dkuwu cny dj u;ka ^isVs.V&,DV&1998* cuk;k rks gS] ysfdu ;g u;k isVs.V dkuwu gekjs fdlkuksa vkSj miHkksDrkvksa ds fgrksa dh dgkWa rd j{kk dj ik,xk] bl ckjs esa O;Dr dh xbZ lHkh 'kadk,a lp gSaA MCY;w- Vh- vkscukus ds Mady&izLrko ij rRdkyhu ljdkj us gLrk{kj djds Hkkjr dks ,slk cka/k fn;k gS fd vc u rks MCY;w- Vh- vks- fuxyrs curk gS vkSj u mxyrsA vxj geus MCY;w- Vh- vks- dh 'krksaZ ds vuqlkj cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dh izkS|ksfxdh] Hkkjr esa vkus nh rks Lons'kh izkS|ksfxdh] d`f"k vkSj O;kikj BIi gksrs gSa vkSj u vkus nh rks cM+h&cM+h daifu;ka vius&vius ns'kksa ls MCY;w- Vh- vks- esa ?klhVdj Hkkjr dh ,slh&rSlh dj nsaxhA

ykblasl ysuk t+:jh cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dks xjhcksa ij dksbZ n;k ugha vkrhA bl ekeys esa mudk fny ,dne iRFkj dk gSA bldk ,d gh mnkgj.k dkQh gksxkA ^cjkst fofy;El* cgqjk"Vªh; nok daiuh gS egknkuoh;A blds ikl ^,- tsM- Vh* uked nok dk isVs.V gS] tks risfnd ds bykt esa dke vkrh Fkh] ysfdu ,M~l ds ejhtksa esa Hkh mudh izfrj{kk iz.kkyh ¼bE;wu flLVe½ dks bruk rks psrk gh nsrh gS fd os dqN lky T;knk th ldsaA bl nok dk ,d dSIlwy 4 Mkyj ;kuh yxHkx 175 :i;s dk iM+rk gSA bl rjg vQzhdk vkSj ,f'k;k ds ,M~l xzLr ejht+ksa dh igqWap ls ;g nok ckgj FkhA fo'o LokLF; laxBu us ^cjkst fofy;El* ls izkFkZuk dh fd ,M~l ds xjhc jksfx;ksa ds fy, ^,- tsM- Vh-* dh dhersa de dj ns] rkfd bl nok dks T+;knk rknkn esa [kjhn dj bu ejhtks+a esa ckaVk tk ldsA ysfdu T;knk rknkn esa fcdzh dk ykyp Hkh ^cjkst fofy;El* ds iRFkj fny dks fi?kyk ugha ik;k vksj bl daiuh us ^,tsMVh* ds nke ?kVkuk eatwj ugha fd;kA fQj Hkkjr dh gSnjkckn esa fLFkr oSKkfud iz;ksx'kkyk ^bf.M;u bULVhV~;wV vkWQ dsehdy VsDuksyksth* us nwljs jklk;fud jkLrs ls ^,- tsM- Vh-* cuk MkyhA vc ;g csgn lLrh iM+h fd Hkkjr gh ûs'kuy fjlpZ MsoyiesUV dkSafly* ¼,u- vkj- Mh- lh-½ ds t+fj, bl nok dks bl u, rjhds ls cukus dk ykblsal czkthy dh ,d nok cukus okyh QeZ lfgr Hkkjr dh nks nok daifu;ksa&fliyk yscksjsVjht+ rFkk ywfiu yscksjsVjht+ & dks fn;k x;kA bl ckr ls ^cjkst fofy;El* [kQk gks xbZA ysfdu ml le; gekjs isVs.V dkuwu esa îzkMsDV* dk isVs.V ugha gks ldrk Fkk] dsoy îzkslsl* dk gh isVs.V 'kkfey Fkk] blfy, ^cjkst fofy;El* cl nkar ihl dj jg xbZ] dksbZ dkuwuh dk;Zokgh ugha dj ikbZaA ysfdu vc MCY;w- Vh- vksds lkeus ?kqVus Vsdrs gq, geus izksMDV isVs.V Lohdkj dj fy;k gSA dqN izk.kj{kd nokvksa dks bl dkuwu ls ckgj j[kus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZ gS] ysfdu ^,- tsM- Vh-* tSlh reke nok,a gSa tks ,M~l vkSj dSalj tSls vlk/; jksxksa esa dke vkrh gSaA budh dherksa dks Åij p<+us ls ugha jksdk tk ldsxkA bl rjg nslh nok&v|ksx dks Hkh cM+k /kDdk yxsxk D;ksafd vc os fdlh 137

Hkh ,slh nok dks ugha cuk ik,axs] ftldh [kkst mUgksaus u dh gksA vkSj ubZ nok [kkstuk vklku ugha gSA yk[kksa ugha djksM+kas :i;s [kpZ gksrs gSa vkSj [kkst dks cktkj rd ykus esa 10&15 lky yxuk ekewyh ckr gSA cgqr ls yksx bl ckr dks Hkwys ugha gksaxs fd bf.M;u isVs.V~l ,DV&1970 ds ykxw gksus ls igys gekjs ns'k esa Hkh nokvksas ds nke cgqr Åaps FksA ysfdu 1970 esa viuk isVs.V dkuwu ykxw gksrs gh LFkkuh; nok fuekZrkvksa dh Hkh ikS&ckjg gks xbZ] D;ksafd os fdlh Hkh nok dks u, rjhds ls cukdj u, uke ls ckt+kj esa cspus yxsA b/kj ejhtksa dks Hkh T+;knkrj nok,a lLrh feyus yxhaA lLrh nokvksa ds dkj.k Hkkjr esa fdruksa ds izk.k cps vkSj fdl rjg vkSlr vk;q&lhek c<+h] bldk vuqeku yxkuk eqf'dy ugha gSA fQj ekuo&dY;k.k dh gkeh Hkjus okys MCY;w- Vh- vksus gesa viuk isVs.V dkuwu cnyus ij D;ksa etcwj fd;k\ cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dh frtkSfj;ka Hkjus ds fy, gh D;ksa mldk fny ilhtrk gS\ yk[kksa&djksM+ksa xjhcksa dks Hkw[k&jksx&xjhch ds nq'pdz ls fudkyus dh ctk; MCY;w- Vh- vks- dks cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;kssa dh vkenuh c<+kus dh T;knk fpark gSA gkykaafd Hkkjrh; nok&fuekZrkvksa ds fy, Hkh esjs eu esa dksbZ gennhZ ugha gSA mUgksaus 70]000 ds djhc vuki&'kuki nok,a cukdj rjg&rjg ds FkksFks nkos djds gekjs Åij Fkksih gqbZ gSaA ysfdu fons'kh daifu;ka Hkh ?kfV;k vkSj >wBs nkoksa okyh nok,a cspus esa ekfgj gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, teZuh dh nok&daifu;ka 200 ds djhc ,slh nok,a dksbZ 26 ns'kksa esa csp jgh gSa] ftudh fdlh dks drbZ t:jr ugha gSA Hkkjr esa ;s nok,a lcls T;knk fcdrh gSa] tcfd [kqn teZuh esa bu ij ikcanh yxh gSA D;k isVs.V dkuwu cnyus ls bu FkksFkh nokvksa ij jksd yxsxh\ drbZ ughaA u, isVs.V dkuwu dh c<+kbZ esa ;g ckr vDlj nqgjkbZ tkrh gS fd nok cukus okyh daiuh dks gekjs ns'k dh fdlh ,d daiuh dks ml nok dks cukus dk ykblasl nsuk t+:jh gksxkA tc rd isVs.V dkuwu ykxw ugha gksrk] rc rd ml daiuh dks ckt+kj esa nok cspus dk ,dkf/kdkj gksxkA bl rjg isVs.V dh dkuwuh t+:jr ikap lky ds fy, [kRe djds ml futh daiuh dks Qk;nk igqapkus dh ,d vkSj pky pyh xbZA ;gh ugha MCY;w- Vh- vksus vfuok;Z ykblsaflax iz.kkyh ds izko/kku ij Hkh dkQ+h yhikiksrh dh gSA blds fy, mlh daiuh dh jtk+eanh t+:jh gS] ftls ikap lky rd viuh nok dks cspus dk ,dkf/kdkj feyk gqvk gSA og Hkyk ykblsal D;ksa nsus yxh\ nsxh Hkh rks ,slh 'krksZa ij ftUgssa rhljh nqfu;k dh dksbZ Hkh daiuh iwjh u dj ik;sA blessa ;g Hkh 'krZ gS fd dksbZ chekjh egkekjh dk :i ys pqdh gks vkSj jk"Vªh; ladV cu pqdh gks] rks mlds bykt essa dke vkus okyh nok ;k fQj fdlh tu&vfHk;ku esa dke vkus okys Vhds ;k fQj xSj&O;kikfjd mi;ksx ds fy, gh fdlh nok dks cukus dk ykblsal fons'kh daiuh ns'kh daiuh dks nsxhA bl rjg ;g lqfo/kk igys gh cgqr lhfer dj nh xbZ gSA fQj Hkys gh dSalj ds xjhc jksxh nok ds fcuk ej tk,a] ysfdu dSalj dksbZ jk"Vªh; ladV rks gS ugha] ftlds fy, lLrh nok cukus dk ykblsal ns fn;k tk,! bl ykblsal dh ,ot ,d ^mfpr Qhl* ewy daiuh dks nsuh 138

iM+sxhA ;g irk ugha fd mudh ut+j esa fdruh Qhl mfpr gksxh\ tk+fgj gS fd os fefy;u Mkyj ls de rks lksp gh ugha ikrsA gekjs ns'k esa fdruh daifu;kWa gSa tks bruh ^mfpr Qhl* ns ik;saxh\ bl lc ds ckotwn ljdkjh rkSj ij lCt+ckx fn[kkus dk flyflyk tkjh gS fd u;h ls u;h nok,a QkSju Hkkjr essa vk tk,asxhaA muds fy, bartk+j ugha djuk iM+sxkA nok&m|ksx vkSj miHkksDrk nksuksa dks Qk;nk gksxkA ckSf)d lEink dk vf/kdkj fdlkukas dk Hkyk djsxkA ysfdu vlfy;r ;g gs fd ge vius ckt+kj cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds fy, [kksy jgs gSa] fd vkvks gesa ywVksA

tM+hcwfV;ka gM+ius dh lkft'k dbZ lkyksa ls ge flQZ cgl djrs vk jgs gSa vkSj bl chp gj rjg dk ckSf)d Hkze QSyk] ukSdj'kkgh [kjkZVs ekjrh jgh] jktuhfrK csisanh ds yksVs dh rjg dHkh b/kj vkSj dHkh m/kj yq<+drs jgs vkSj var esa geus MCY;w- Vh- vksds lkeus ?kqVus Vsd gh fn,A ckgj ls lc dqN ykus vkSj ;gka ls lc&dqN ckgj ys tkdj cspus ds fy, ns'k ds njokts [kksyus ls igys geus ;g Hkh ugha fd;k fd viuk dherh lkeku rks laHkkydj rkys esa can dj nsrsA geus ;g Hkh ugha lkspk fd tM+hcwfV;ksa ds {ks= esa ge vkt Hkh lalkj esa lcls le`) gSa] Kku esa Hkh vkSj vkS"k/kh; ikS/kksa ds HkaMkj esa HkhA dsoy blh ij /;ku nsa vkSj bls cpk ysa rks ge gj rjg ls bl izkd`frd oSHko dk ykHk mBk ldrs gSaA ysfdu ge lksrs jgs vkSj gekjh lqLrh dk Qk;nk mBkdj vejhdk dh ,d dEiuh us cSaxu] djsyk vkSj tkequ ds e/kqesg&jks/kh xq.kksa dks isVs.V djkus dh tqjZr dj MkyhA vc fQj ls gesa bl isVs.V dk fojks/k djus ds fy, vejhdk dh vnkyr esa eqdÌek yM+uk iM+sxk vksj bu ikS/kksa ij viuk vf/kdkj lkfcr djuk iM+sxkA ;g vejhdh daiuh gS dzksekd fjlpZ badks- tks fd ogka U;w tlhZ esa fLFkr gSA blds rhu vuqla/kkrkvksa dks isVs.V uEcj 5]900]240 fn;k x;kA bueas ls nks 'kks/kdrkZ vfuoklh Hkkjrh; gSaA Li"V gS fd vejhdk esa clus ds ckn ;s yksx Hkh oSls gh ykyph gks x, gSa] tSls fd vejhdhA bUgsa tks isVs.V feyk gS] mlesa crk;k x;k gS fd os tkequ] djsyk] cSaxu vkSj xqM+ekj es ls fdUgha nks ikS/kksas dk [kkus ;ksX; feJ.k cuk ldrs gSaA bl ^gcZy feDLpj* dks isVs.V/kkfj;ksa us ^iwjd vkgkj* crk;k gS vkSj ;g nkok fd;k gS fd ;g iwjd vkgkj bls [kkus okys ds [kwu esa Xywdkst dk vuqikr ?kVk nsxk vkSj bl rjg ls Mk;fcVht ds jksfx;ksa ds fy, Qk;nsean gksxkA blls igys gesa viuh ^gYnh* buds paxqy ls NqMkuh iM+hA os pksV vkSj lwtu dks nwj djus vkSj ?kko Hkjus ds gYnh ds xq.kksa dks Hkqukuk pkgrs FksA vHkh muds psgjs ls gYnh ds nkx NwVs Hkh ugha Fks fd mUgksaus gekjs cSaxu] djsyk] tkequ vkSj xqM+ekj dks gh gM+i ysuk pkgkA xqM+ekj ,slk vuwBk ikS/kk gS] ftldh ifRr;kWa pckus ds ckn vki 139

phuh [kkvks rks ,slk yxsxk tSls eqg esa ckyw j[k yh gSA lkjh feBkl xk;c dj nsrk gSA gekjs oSKkfudksa us xqM+ekj ds fEkBkl xk;c djus okys jklk;fud ;kSfxd ekywe dj fy, gSa vkSj e/kqesg ds mipkj esa blls nok cukdj mldks ckt+kj esa ykus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs FksA vk;qosZn esa rks bu dk mi;ksx lfn;ksa ls gksrk jgk gSA fQj vejhdh daiuh budks dSls isVs.V djk ldrh gS\ geus cklerh pkoy dks isVs.V djkus dh vejhdh lkft'k dk inkZQk'k fd;k vkSj jkblVSd dEiuh dks gkj ekuuh iM+hA ysfdu ge viuk ns'kh dkuwu cukdj viuh tSofofo/krk dks lajf{kr dj ysa] rks mldh t:jr gh u iM+sA nwljs gesa ^VªsM&fjysVsM b.VySDpqvy izksiVhZ jkbV~l* ¼fVªIl½ ds vkVhZdy 22&24 dk Qk;nk mBkuk pkfg,A blesa HkkSxksfyd lalwpdksa dk izko/kku gSA blh rdZ ij rks ge cklerh dks cpk ldsA Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku ds ,d [kkl bykds esa mxk;k tkus okyk lqxaf/kr pkoy gh pkoy&O;kikj ds fy, cklerh ekuk tkrk gSA ogh pkoy nwljh txg ys tkdj cks;sa rks mls cklerh dgdj ugha csp ldrsA blh rjg djsyk] tkequ] cSaxu vkSj xqM+ekj gekjs ns'k dh ouLifr;kWa gSaA bu ij vejhdk dh dksbZ daiuh viuk vf/kdj dSls trk ldrh gSA bUgsa ekSdk blfy, fey tkrk gS fd gekjh ykyQhrk'kkgh tks dke QkSju dj nsuk pkfg,] mls Vkyrs jgus esa ekfgj gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd viuk isVs.V dkuwu cukus esa bruh nsj yxk nhA vkSj dkSu&lk ,slk ns'k gS nqfu;k esa ftlds ikl 45]000 Lih'kht ikS/kksa dh gksa vkSj 81]000 tarqvksa dh gksaA ikS/kksa esa yxHkx 7500 rks ,sls gSa] tks tM+h&cwfV;ka gSa vkSj dsoy blh Hkkjr&Hkwfe ij mxrs gSaA u tkus fdrus rks gekjh ykijokgh ls foyqIr gks x, vkSj gksrs tk jgsa gSaA gesa ;g Hkh ugha irk fd ^cps gSa rks dgka vkSj fdrus*A buds ckjs esa vf/kdrj tkudkjh laLd`r] fgUnh vkSj vU; Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa feyrh gSA bu Hkk"kkvksa dh ljdkj us bruh mis{kk dh gqbZ gS fd buesa lafpr ijaijkxr Kku dks tkuus&ij[kus dk dke dqN LoSfPNd laxBu gh dj jgs gSaA la;qDr jk"Vª us gesa ,d ekSdk fn;k] mldk Hkh geus Qk;nk ugha mBk;kA ^dUosa'ku vkWu ck;ksyksftdy MkboflZVh* ¼lh- ch- Mh½ vFkkZr ^tSo fofo/krk ds le>kSrs* esa ;g izko/kku gS fd vius ns'kh ikS/kksa vkSj muls tqMs+ ijaijkxr Kku ij dsoy gekjk gh vf/kdkj gksxkA gekjs isVs.V dkuwu vkSj tSofofo/krk dh j{kk ds vf/kfu;e esa bldks 'kkfey djuk gh dkQh FkkA vc rks geus dkQh nsj dj nh gSA vusd cgqjk"Vªh; nok daifu;ka Hkkjrh; nok daifu;ksa ds lkFk xBca/ku djds gekjh tM+h&cwfV;ksa ds vkS"k/kh; ;kSfxd vyx djds mudk O;kikfjd ykHk mBkus esa dkQh vkxs c<+ pqdh gSaA gekjs gh ikS/kksa ls cukbZ xbZ nok,a os eagxs nkeksa ij gesa gh cspsaxhaA bueas vejhdk gh ugha] ;wjksi] tkiku vkSj vkLVªsfy;k Hkh 'kkfey gSaA ge vk;qosZn vkSj gksE;kssiSFkh] ;wukuh vkSj ^fl)* ij ofdZax xzqi fcBkus esa gh yxs gSa vkSj m/kj gekjh tM+h&cwfV;kWa gekjs gkFk ls f[kldrh tk jgh gSaA ge vius iM+kSlh phu ls Hkh lcd ugha ysrsA phu esa leLr vk;qosZfnd Kku frCcr ds jkLrs vkSj 140

ckS) /keZ ds lkFk Hkkjr ls gh igqapkA mlus 1996 rd gh phuh tM+h&cwfV;ksa ds 46 izfr{kr isVs.V ysdj nqfu;k esa bl {ks= ds isVs.V ysus dk fjdkMZ cuk fy;k FkkA tkiku ds ikl 20 izfr'kr tM+h&cwfV;ksa ds isVs.V gSaA blds lkFk gh :l vkSj ;wjksih la?k us Hkh 12&12 izfr'kr isVs.V fy, gq, gaSA vejhdk vkSj vkLVªsfy;k Hkh ihNs ugha jguk pkgrs] blfy, mUgksaus Hkh 10&10 izfr'kr tM+h cwfV;ksa ij viuk gd trk;k gSA vk'p;Z dh ckr gs fd ftl {ks= esa Hkkjr fo'o dk txrxq: gS] ogha nwljksa ls fiNM+ jgk gSA lu~ 80 ds ckn ds n'kd esa Hkh tM+h&cwfV;ksa ds fu;kZr esa Hkkjr lcdk fljekSj FkkA ml le; Hkkjr ls vdsys ;wjksih la?k dks gh 10]000 Vu ikS/ks vkSj 14 Vu muds ,YdsykWbM Hksts tk jgs FksA lu~ 1992 esa lcls vf/kd yksdfiz; tM+h&cwfV;ksa dh 74 Lih'kht eas ls 22 Lih'kht ds ikS/ks fu;kZr fd, tk jgs FksA vdsyk teZuh gj lky dksbZ 40]000 Vu ikS/k&lkexzh Hkkjr ls eaxkrk gSA fiNys ikap lkyksa ls ;g flyflyk py jgk gSA Hkkjrh; tM+h&cwfV;ka dsoy dkuwuh rkSj ij gh ugha] xSj dkuwuh rkSj ij Hkh fons'kksa dks Hksth tk jgh gSaA ;g O;kikj frxqus ls pkSxqus rd c<+k gSA bl rjg gesa ugha ekywe fd vly esa gekjh fdruh tM+h&cwfV;ka ckgj tk jgh gSa] D;ksafd xSj dkuwuh O;kikj dk fdlh dks dksbZ vanktk ugha gSA vk;qosZn] fl)] ;wukuh tSlh ijaijkxr fpfdRlk iz.kkfy;ka cM+h iqjkuh gSa vkSj Hkkjr esa dqy feykdj buds dksbZ ikap yk[k oS| gdhe bykt dj jgs gSaA buesa ls dsoy ikSus rhu yk[k ds djhc gh jftLVMZ gSaA cgqr&ls [kkunkuh gSa vkSj cgqr&ls uhe gdheA ,sls cgqr de gSa] ftUgksaus bu 'kkL=ksa dk ckdk;nk Kku izkIr fd;k gSA fQj Hkh yxHkx 50 djksM+ yksx buds gh bykt ij fuHkZj gSaA bu ijaijkxr fpfdRlk iz.kkfy;ksa ds fy, nok,Wa cukus dk m|ksx Hkh [kwc Qyk&QwykA bl le; yxHkx 8000 daifu;ka ijaijkxr nok,a cukus ds fy, ykblsal/kkjh gSaA fcuk ykblsal okyh rks u tkus fdruh gksaxhaA varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij fuxkg Mkysa rks ikS/kksa ij vk/kkfjr nok,a cukus dk m|ksx cM+h rsth ls c<+ jgk gSA lu~ 1990 esa 2000 ls vf/kd ;wjksih daifu;ka tM+h&cwfV;ksa ij vk/kkfjr nok,a csp jgha FkhaaA yxHkx 223 cM+h&cM+h daifu;ka tM+h&cwfV;ka [kkstus ds fy, taxy Nkuus esa layXu FkhaaA bl {ks= esa viuk ,dkf/kdkj cukus ds fy, ;s cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka MCY;w- Vh- vksdk lgkjk ys jgh gSaA mUgsa tSofofo/krk ds la;qDr jk"Vª ds le>kSrs & lh- ch- Mh- ds bl fu;e ls Hkh 'kg feyrh gS fd mlesa fdlh ns'k ds vius vkuqoaf'kd lalk/kuksa ij rks mldk izHkqRo Lohdkj fd;k gS] ysfdu ml lEink esa ls dksbZ pht fudky dj] cukbZ vkSj csph tk, rks ml ij ml ns'k ds vf/kdkj ds ckjs esa ^lh- ch- Mh* Hkh ekSu gSA isVs.V vf/kdkj ds vykok Hkkjrh; nok&m|ksx ij fo'o O;kikj laxBu dh vU; /kkjkvksa ds dkj.k Hkh Hkkjh [krjk eaMjk jgk gSA ckgj ls nok,a vkus ij jksd gVkus 141

ls Hkkjrh; nok&m|ksx BIi gh gks tk,xkA vHkh rd ckgj ls nok,a eaxk,a rks mu ij 25 izfr'kr eglwy yxrk jgk gSA MCY;w- Vh- vksds v/khu Hkkjr bl O;kikfjd&ck/kk ¼VªsM cSfj;j½ dks gVkus ds fy, ck/; gSA bl rjg ,syksiSFkh nok,a cukus okys cSB tk,axsA Hkkjr esa igys ls ?kqliSB dj cSBh cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka bls ugha ekurhaA ysfdu ;g lPpkbZ gSA ,yksiSFkh m|ksx ij eaMjkrs bl [krjs dk Qk;nk vk;qosZfnd rFkk vU; ijaijkxr iz.kkfy;kWa mBk ldrh gSaA ge le; jgrs psr tk,a rks fo'o ds tM+h&cwVh O;kikj ij Nk ldrs gSaA lkFk gh viuh tM+h&cwfV;ksa ds xSjdkuwuh nksgu dks jksd ldrs gSaA ml ij viuk gd trkus ds fy, isVs.V ysus okyksa dh Hkh fgEer iLr dj ldrs gSaA ysfdu ftl vk/ks&v/kwjs eu ls blesa tqVs ljdkjh foHkkx bl eqÌs dks Vkyrs vk jgs gSa] mlls yxrk ugha fd ge vius bl ijaijkxr Kku vkSj lEink dh j{kk dj ik,axsA geus gkSlyk fn[kk;k gksrk rks lfn;ksa ls ns'k esa bLrseky gks jgs tkequ] djsys] cSaxu vkSj xqMekj dks isVs.V djkus dh fdlh dh fgEer gksrh!

^gYnh* ls feys lcd tc ^^oSKkfud ,oa vkS|ksfxd vuqla/kku ifj"kn** ¼lh- ,l- vkbvkj-½ us Hkkjr dh ouLifr ijaijk ds [ktkus ls ^gYnh* dks yqV tkus ls cpk;k] rks ;g okLro esa Hkkjrh; ijaijk dh j{kk ds fy, iz;Ru'khy laxBuksa] fo}kuksa vkSj oSKkfudksa dh ,d cM+h fot; FkhA gYnh ds ?kko Hkjus vkSj pksV Bhd djus ds vuwBs xq.kksa dks vejhdh isVs.V dk;kZy; isVs.V djkus dh Lohd`fr nsus yxk Fkk fd lh- ,l- vkbvkj ds rRdkyhu egkfuns'kd Mk- vkj- ih- ek'skydj us iwjs izek.kksa ds lkFk bldk fojks/k fd;kA vDVwcj 1996 esa ;g fojks/k bl rdZ ds lkFk ntZ fd;k x;k fd gYnh Hkkjr esa lfn;ksa ls pksV oxSjg ds bykt esa bLrseky dh tk jgh gSA gYnh dk ;g xq.k dksbZ u;k vkfo"dkj ugha gS] tc fd isVs.V ds fy, vkosnu djus okyksa us isVs.V dk;kZy; dks u;k vkfo"dkj crkdj cjxykus dh dksf'k'k dh FkhA Lo;a Mk- ek'ksydj us gYnh dk isVs.V ysus dh vejhdh dksf'k'k dks foQy djus ds ckn dgk Fkk fd ^^;g ijaijkxr Hkkjrh; Kku dh j{kk dh fn'kk esa fd;k x;k ,slk lQy iz;kl gS] ftlds cM+s nwjxkeh ifj.kke gksaxs**A bl fugk;r ^cdokl* isVs.V ds f[kykQ+ yM+kbZ NsM+us esa lpeqp Mk- ek'ksydj us vusd ck/kkvksa ds ckotwn la?k"kZ'khyrk vkSj lkgl dk ifjp; fn;k FkkA lh- ,l- vkbvkj- ds vius lzksrksa vkSj Hkkjrh; 'kkL=ksa ls gYnh ds ckjs esa mUgksaus iwjh tkudkjh bdV~Bh dh vkSj 32 'kks/k izca/kksa vkSj izdkf'kr lkexzh us gYnh ij Hkkjrh; nkos ds ndZ dks etcwr fd;kA buesa gYnh ds pksV Bhd djus ds xq.kksa dks Hkkjr esa fd, x, oSKkfud iz;ksxksa ls izekf.kr fd;k x;k FkkA ;s nLrkost fganh lfgr fofHkUu Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ls Hkh fy, x, Fks vkSj mudk vaxzsth esa vuqokn djk;k x;k FkkA

142

blls igys ,d vkSj isVs.V Hkkjr ds vius isVs.V dk;kZy; us vDVwcj 1994 esa jÌ dj fn;k Fkk vkSj blds ckn ekpZ 1955 esa vejhdh isVs.V dk;kZy; us Hkh [kkfjt fd;kA Hkkjr esa ;g isVs.V Hkkjrh; isVs.V vf/kfu;e 1970 ds izko/kkuksa dks vuns[kk djrs gq, eatwj dj fy;k x;k FkkA vejhdk esa ;g isVs.V Lohdkj gqvk] mlls ikap eghus igys gh Hkkjr esa Lohd`fr ns nh xbZA ;g isVs.V îjkthuh dikl* ds ckjs esa FkkA bldk vkosnu ^,xzklhVl* daiuh us fd;k FkkA ;g vejhdk dh ^MCY;w- vkjxzsl- badks* dh gh ,d 'kk[kk gSA ;g ogh daiuh gS tks uhe ds isVs.V ds fy, nqfu;k Hkj esa cnuke gqbZ FkhA vxj ;g isVs.V eku fy;k tkrk rks gj fdLe dh îjkthuh dikl* ij blh daiuh dk ,dkf/kdkj gks tkrkA fQj Hkys gh dikl dh dksbZ Hkh fdLe bLrseky dh xbZ gksrh vkSj thfu;kxjh dh dksbZ Hkh rduhd viukbZ xbZ gksrhA ml îjkthuh dikl* dk cht cukus ds fy, ^,xzklhVl* ls btkt+r ysuh iM+rhA ^mls ykblsal Qh* ;k jkW;YVh nsuh iM+rhA Hkkjr esa bl isVs.V dks ^turk ds fgrksa dk fojks/kh* crkdj fujLr fd;k x;kA bl rjg dk isVs.V ysus dh dksf'k'k ;g igyh ckj dh xbZ FkhA vxj ;g isVs.V ^,xzklhVl* dks fey tkrk rks tSo izkS|ksfxdh dh fdlh Hkh rduhd ls lq/kkjh xbZ dikl dh gj fdLe ij bl daiuh dh fefYd;r gks tkuh FkhA bldk nwjxkeh ifj.kke ;g gksrk fd Hkkjr esa dikl ij fd;k tk jgk vuqla/kku gh BIi gks tkrkA iwjs dikl&cht m|ksx dks gM+ius dh ;g lkft'k flj mBkrs gh dqpy nh xbZ vkSj Hkkjr gh ugha] vejhdh isVs.V dk;kZy; us Hkh bl isVs.V dks jÌ dj fn;kA ysfdu cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa us fQj Hkh gkj ugha ekuhA tSls gh ;g isVs.V [kkfjt gqvk fd reke Qlyksa ds blh rjg ds isVs.V ysus ds vkosnuksa dh vejhdh dk;kZy; esa Hkjekj gks xbZA vkSj ets dh ckr ;g gS fd buesa ls vusd isVs.V vejhdh isVs.V vkWfQl us Lohdkj Hkh dj fy,A rc ls bl n¶rj esa /kku] dikl] lks;kchu] dkSQh] fepZ] Qwy xksHkh] iRrk xksHkh] eVj] [kjcwt&rjcwt oxSjg reke Qlyksa dh ijkthuh fdLeksa ds O;kid cgqvk;keh isVs.V Lohdkj dj fy, x, gSaA blls Hkkjr dh [kk| lqj{kk ds fy, Hkkjh ladV iSnk gks x;k gS vkSj djksM+ksa [ksfrgj ifjokjksa dh thfodk lqj{kk Hkh [krjs essa iM+ xbZ gSA bl rjg ^,xzklhVl* ds ijkthuh dikl dk isVs.V ysus dh dksf'k'k ukdke gksus dh [kqf'k;ksa ij tYnh gh ikuh fQj x;kA yxrk gS fd gYnh dk isVsUV thrus dh [kq'kh Hkh ,slh gh iyHkj dh [kq'kh cu dj jg xbZaA D;ksafd blds ckn Hkh Hkkjr ds ijaijkxr Kku vkSj tM+hcwfV;ksa dks gM+ius dh dksf'k'kksa esa dksbZ deh ugha vkbZA tc gYnh dk isVs.V thrus ij feBkb;ka ckaVh tk jgh Fkh] rc eSaus ;g 'kadk izdV dh Fkh] tks ckn esa lp lkfcr gqbZA eSaus ml le; dgk Fkk fd ;g ,d isVs.V thr ysus ij ge bl ekeys esa dskbZ <hy u Mkysa vkSj vius reke rhj&rjdl pkSdl j[ksa] D;ksafd geys vkxs Hkh gksasxs vkSj igys ls tksjnkj gksaxsA bl thr ij Qwy dj dqIik gksus dh t:jr ugha gS] cfYd vius isVs.V dkuwuksa vkSj tSofofo/krk lqj{kk

143

vf/kfu;eksa dks bruk et+cwr cukus dh vko';drk gS fd dksbZ Hkh muesa lsa/k u yxk ik,A ;g ekuk fd vejhdk isVs.V dk;kZy; us Hkkjr ds ijaijkxr Kku vkSj HkkSxksfyd lhek dk rdZ gYnh vkSj cklerh ds ekeys esa Lohdkj dj fy;kA ysfdu vkf[kjdkj lh- ,l- vkbvkj fdrus isVs.Vksa dks [kkfjt djus dh yM+kbZ yM+sxk\ ;g yM+kbZ yM+uk vklku ugha gSA eqdÌek vejhdh vnkyr esa yM+k tkrk gSA yk[kksa Mkyj vnkyrh dk;Zokgha vkSj odhyksa dh Qhl ij [kpZ gks tkrs gSaA fo'oLrj ij ;g yM+kbZ lHkh fodflr ns'kksa dks feydj yM+uh gksxhA D;ksafd fdlh Hkh ns'k ds oSKkfud laLFkkuksa vkSj xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa ds ikl brus lk/ku ugha gS fd os if'pe ds [kjcifr cgqjk"Vªh; laxBuksa vkSj futh daifu;ksa dk eqdkcyk dj ldsaA uhe ds yxHkx 80 dhVuk'kh xq.k isVs.V djk fy, x, gSaA uhe ds isVs.V dk fojks/k djus ds fy, Hkkjr ds yxHkx 200 xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa us vyx&vyx dksf'k'k dhA gj dksbZ ;g fn[kkus dh dksf'k'k djus yxk fd Hkkjr dh tSofofo/krk dk vlyh igjsnkj rks cl ogh gSA urhtk ;g gqvk fd ge tks thr ^gYnh* esa gkfly dj lds Fks] og ^uhe* ds ekeys esa nwj&nwj rd utj ugha vkbZA uhe ds f[kykQ Hkh feytqydj yM+kbZ yM+h tkrh rks mlds urhts brus dMq, u gksrsA gekjs xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa dks ^lh- ,l- vkbvkj* ls lcd ysuk gksxkA ftl rS;kjh ds lkFk lh- ,l- vkbvkj ^gYnh?kkVh* ds eSnku esa mrjk] oSlh gh rS;kjh LoSfPNd laxBuksa dh gksxh] rHkh os thr ldsaxsA dqN LoSfPNd laxBu rks turk dh vka[kksa esa ?kwy >ksaddj gkj dks Hkh thr crkus esa ugha pwdrsA ,slh gh djrwrkssa ls LoSfPNd laxBu cnuke gksrs gSaA mUgsa ,d nwljs dh Vkax [khapus ls ckt vkuk pkfg,] D;ksafd ns'k cM+s xaHkhj ladV ds nkSj ls xqtj jgk gSA Hkkjr dh ijaijkxr vfLerk dks cpkus esa tSlh ljkguh; Hkwfedk ^lh- ,l- vkbvkj* us fuHkkbZ oSlh vU; fdlh Hkh LoSfPNd laxBu us ugha fuHkkbZA ikS/kksa] tarqvksa] lw{ethoksa vkSj euq";ksa ds Mh- ,u- ,- [k.Mksa dks ysdj ftl rjg ds isVs.V ysus ds prqfnZd iz;kl fd, tk jgs gSa] mUgsa fVªIl ;kuh ^VªsM fjysVsM b.VySDpqvy izksiVhZ jkbV~l* ds ifjizs{; esa ns[kas rks lEiw.kZ ekuork ds fy, vkSj [kklrkSj ls fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds fy, ;g cgqr cM+k [krjk curk tk jgk gSA isVs.V ysus dh dlkSVh ges'kk ls ;g jgh gS fd mlesa u;k iu ¼ukWoYVh½ gks] ;g u yxs fd blesa D;k j[kk gS] ;g rks dksbZ Hkh cuk ysxk ¼ukWu&vksfo;lusl½ vkSj og dqN vyx gVdj gks ¼fMfLVaDVusl½A ysfdu vc ;s dlkSfV;ka mBdj rk[k esa j[k nh xbZ gSaA vki us u dqN u;k fudkyk gks vkSj u dksbZ iz;ksx fd;k gks vkSj u dqN cuk;k gksA cl] vki lksp jgs gSa fd bldk ,slk dqN fd;k tk;s rks ;g fopkj] ;g [;ky gh vkidks isVs.V fnyk ldrk gSA rHkh rks yksxksa us daI;wVj ij osc lkbVksa ds uke gh isVs.V djk fy, vkSj ,slk yxk tSls iwjk 'kCndks'k gh isVs.V gks x;k gSA [kqn vejhdh isVs.V dkuwu ;g ekurk gS fd dksbZ Hkh ^vkfo"dkj* isVs.V rc djk;k tk ldrk gS] tc mlesa dqN u;kiu gksA dksbZ Hkh vkfo"dkj isVs.V ugha djk;k tk ldrk ;fn ¼d½ isVs.VdrkZ ds nkos ls igys og vkfo"dkj bl ns'k esa Kkr gS ;k 144

bLrseky fd;k tk jgk gS] ;k bl ns'k esa ;k fons'k esa fdlh izdk'ku eas mldk fooj.k Nkik x;k gS ;k isVs.V fy;k tk pqdk gSA ;k ¼[k½ vejhdk esa isVs.V dk nkok nk;j djus ls ,d lky ls vf/kd le; igys ls og vkfo"dkj bl ns'k esa ;k fons'k esa isVs.V djk;k tk pqdk gS ;k izdkf'kr gks pqdk gS ;k bLrseky fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj cspk tk jgk gSA vly esa ;g ukeqefdu gS fd nqfu;k Hkj esa isVs.V ds fy, nk;j fd, tk jgs nkoksa ij ge fuxkg j[ksa vkSj tgka Hkh gekjh fdlh pht dks dksbZ isVs.V djkus dh dksf'k'k djs mldk fojks/k djsa vkSj mlds f[kykQ eqdÌek yM+saA tks gks ldrk gS og ;gh gS fd viuk isVs.V dkuwu cgqr etcwr cuk,aA mlesa ^u,iu* dh /kkjk esa ;g Hkh 'kkfey fd;k tk, fd ^;g ijaijkxr Kku ij vk/kkfjr ugha gS*A vly esa gj isVs.V&;kpd ls Hkkjr dks ;g 'krZ euokuh pkfg, fd og ;g fy[kdj ns fd mldk isVs.V ijaijkxr Kku ij vk/kkfjr ugha gSA rHkh ge viuh egku fojklr dks cpk ik,axsA D;k ;g /kkjk Hkkjr ds isVs.V dkuwu essa Mkyh x;h gS\

,f'k;k dh tSofofo/krk dks gh isVs.V u djk ysa mUuhloha lnh ds vkf[kj esa ^ikS/kksa dh Nkuchu dk Lo.kZ;qx* FkkA ml le; fczVsu vius lHkh mifuos'kksa dh izkd`frd lEink dh ywV&[kklksV esa yxk FkkA cl ,d gh vPNh ckr ;g gqbZ fd blds fy, mlds ouLifrKksa us ikS/kksa dk v/;;u Hkh fd;k vkSj reke ^¶yksjk* ;kfu ouLifr dks'k Nkis vkSj tarqvksa dk Kku Hkh ^QkWuk* ikf.k dks'k ds :i esa izdkf'kr fd;kA uqdlku ;g gqvk fd ;s reke uewus if'peh ns'kksa ds thucSadksa esa tek gksrs pys x,A fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds fdlkuksa vkSj vkfnokfl;ksa us ftu ikS/kksa dks laHkkydj j[kk Fkk] mudh bl esgur dk dksbZ eqvkotk mUgsa ugha fn;k x;k vkSj dksbZ 200 lky esa lc ikS/ks if'peh geykojksa us vius&vius thu&cSadksa esa Hkj fy,& eq¶r esaA ^thu&le`)* ns’kksa dh xjhc turk dh lfn;ksa dh fojklr dks ywVdj yqVsjs ;g rdZ nsrs fQj jgs gSa fd fo’o dh lEiw.kZ tSo fofo/krk ij iwjh ekuork dk vf/kdkj gSA og rks lcdh lk>h fojklr gSA teZIykTe vFkkZr~ tfu=nzO; ;kuh Qlyksa ubZ dh fdLeksa vkSj Ik’kqvksa dh ubZ uLyksa ds fodkl ds fy, vko’;d vk/kkj lkexzh ¼cht] ikS/k bR;kfn½ dk [kqyk vknku&iznku gksus ls gh if’peh d`f"k dk vkS|ksxhdj.k laHko gks ik;kA ogka bu dh iSnkokj fodkl’khy ns’kksa dh ikS/k&lkexzh ds vk/kkj ij dbZ xquh c<+rh jgh] ysfdu mlds vkfFkZd ykHk mu fodkl’khy ns’kksa rd ugha Vids ftudh tSofofo/krk vkSj lalk/kuksa ds nksgu ls muds xksnke vkSj frtkSfj;ka HkjsAfuth daifu;ksa us Hkkjr tSls ns’kksa dh tM+h&cwfV;ksa ls nok,a cuk&cukdj vjcksa Mkyj dek,A mnkgj.k ds fy, vejhdk esa fcdus okyh nokvksa esa lcls T;knk fcdzh ftu 20 nokvksa dh gksrh gS] os lcdh lc ikS/kksa] lw{ethoksa vkSj tarqvksa ls izkIr fd, x, ;kSfxdksa ij vk/kkfjr gSaA bu nokvksa dh la;qDr fcdzh lu~ 1988 esa gh 6 vjc Mkyj ds vklikl FkhA

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,sfrgkfld n`f"V ls ns[ksa rks vejhdk ds nok cktkj esa 25 izfr’kr dkjksckj ikS/kksa ij vk/kkfjr ;kSfxdksa dk gh gksrk gSA tc ls tSo izkS|ksfxdh us gYyk cksyk gS ,d ckj fQj ls tSofofo/krk dks lk>h fojklr euokus dh ftn 'kq: bqbZ gSA xuher gS fd fodkl’khy ns’k le>us yxs gSa fd vpkud mBs bl fo’o&izes ds Tokj dk jgL; D;k gSA ck;ksVSd m|ksx rks dHkh ugha pkgrk fd lHkh ns’k vius&vius tSolalk/kuksa ij dhersa Vkax nsa fd vxj blesa ls dqN Hkh bLrseky djuk gS rks brus Mkyj <hys djksA vc rks lHkh ns’k Lo;a gh lko/kku gks x, gSa vkSj dqN futh daifu;ksa }kjk vius ikS/kksa] ouLifr lEink rFkk vU; tSo lalk/kuksa ij ,dkf/kdkj ds fo:) vkokt cqyan dj jgs gSaA iwjh nqfu;k tSls vius tSo lalk/kuksa ds egRo ds ckjs esa vpkud tkx iM+h gS vkSj vc if’peh ns’kksa esa ;g lkspk tk jgk gS fd bu tSo lalk/kuksa dk mi;ksx vklku cukus ds fy, vkf[kjdkj D;k fd;k tk,A ck;ksVSd m|ksx dks ;g Hkze gS fd vusd NksVs&NksVs ns’kksa esa vkilh >xM+ksa vkSj tkrh; ;q)ksa us rFkk vLFkk;h ljdkjksa us ;g leL;k HkM+dkbZ gSA os ;g Hkh tkurs gSa fd [kqn bu ns’kksa ds ikl rks brus lk/ku Hkh ugha gSa fd os viuh tSofofo/krk dh igpku djds mls ckdk;nk lwphc) dj ldsa] mldk mi;ksx djds mlesa ls dksbZ nok oxSjg fudkyuk rks nwj dh ckr gSA dbZ ns’k bl ckr dks le> x, gSa fd tSofofo/krk ds v/;;u ds cgkus cM+h&cM+h nok&daifu;ka ogka ls dke dh phtsa+ pqjk ykus ds Qsj esa jgrh gSaA nwljh vksj nok daifu;ksa dk rdZ gS fd ,d nok dks [kkstus esa rhu ls ikap lky yx tkrs gSa vkSj fQj mlds ijh{k.k oxSjg esa nl lky dk le; yx tkuk vke ckr gSA blfy, dksbZ Hkh u;h nok fudkyuk oSls gh cM+k egaxk lkSnk gSA Åij ls ftl ns’k dk ikS/kk gS ml ns’k dks eqvkotk nsuk iM+k rc rks ubZ nokvksa dh [kkst djuk vlaHko gh gks tk,xkA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vejhdk lkjh nqfu;k dh tSofofo/krk dks ekuo dh lk>h fojklr crkus dk f<a<ksjk ihV jgk gSA vly esa rks nok daifu;ksa dk equkQk c<+kuk gh bl vpkud meM+ vk, ^ekuork izse* dk okLrfod jgL; gSA fo’o esa ckSf)d lEink ds vf/kdkj dh ppkZ Hkh tksj idM+ jgh gSA dksbZ Hkh vc fdlh ns’k dh tSofofo/krk esa vklkuh ls izos’k ugha ik ldrkA ftuds ikl isVsaV gSa muds vf/kdkj vc cgqr c<+ x, gSaA blds vk/kkj ij os fo’o ds nok m|ksx dks gh ugha [kk|&mRiknu&iz.kkfy;ksa dks Hkh izHkkfor dj ldrs gSaA tSls&tSls vkuqoaf’kd lkexzh dh dher dk irk py jgk gS oSls&oSls ,d ,slh lkekftd vkSj dkuwuh iz.kkyh fodflr djus ij fo’ks"k cy fn;k tk jgk gS tks fd tSofofo/krk ds vuqfpr nksgu dks jksd ldsA if’pe dh futh daifu;ka bl dkuwuh <kaps dks [kM+k djus esa viuh ljdkjksa dh enn ls rjg&rjg ds vM+axs yxk jgh gSaA os pkgrh gaS fd ;s dkuwu cusa] blls igys gh os nqfu;k ds mu ns’kksa esa ?kqldj ogka dh tSofofo/krk dk 'kks"k.k dj ysa] 146

ftuds ;gka vHkh izkd`frd o"kkZou cp jgs gSa] ftuds pIis&pIis esa ikS/kksa vkSj lw{ethoksa rFkk tarqvksa dh fo’kky tSofofo/krk ctctk jgh gSA ;s daifu;ka ,sls dkuwu pkgrh gSa tks mUgsa l tSo fofo/krk ds mi;ksx dh [kqyh NwV ns nsaA bl rjg u;h nok,a vkSj u, cht cuk&cuk dj os ekykeky gksuk pkgrh gSaA lkFk gh mudk bjknk gS fd nok m|ksx vkSj [kk| m|ksx ij mudk ,dkf/kdkj gks tk, vkSj dksbZ izfr}anh u gksA igys ;s vkil esa ,d nwljs ds izfr;ksxh FksA vc ^pksj&pksj ekSlsjs HkkbZ* dh dgkor ds vuq:Ik cM+h&cM+h daifu;ksa esa ,dk gks x;k gS fd vkvks xjhc ns’kksa dks cgdk;sa vkSj mUgsa feytqydj ywVsa&[klksVsaA tSofofo/krk ds le>kSrs ij vejhdk gLrk{kj ugha djrk] cl ppkZ gksrh jgrh gSA bl le>kSrs ls og tSofofo/krk igys gh ckgj dj nh xbZ gS tks if’peh thucSadksa esa igys ls tek gSA vc os pkgrs gSa fd tks tSofofo/krk muds thucSadksa vkSj vU; ladyuksa ls ckgj gSa og Hkh muds dCts esa vk tk,A mUgksus fodkl’khy ns’kksa dh ukSdj’kkgh vkSj jkt’kkgh dks rks vius gFkdaMksa ls iVk fy;k gS A vusd laLFkkuksa dks Hkh [kjhn fy;k gSA ;s lc fodkl’khy ns’kksa esa cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ks dh odkyr djrs gSaA dHkh fons'kh iwath fuos'k c<+kus ds cgkus dHkh u;h izkS|ksfxdh dks ns'k esa ykdj mlds mi;ksx ls ns'k dks le`) cukus ds uke ij ;s yksx vkSj ;s laLFkk,a ns'kh dkuwuksa esa yxkrkj ,sls lq/kkj dj jgh gSa ftuls cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dk Qk;nk gksA m/kj cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka ,sls eq[kkSVs yxk jgh gS ftuds ihNs mudk f?kukSuk ykyph psgjk Nqik jgs vkSj ,slk psgjk lkeus vk, ftlls os xjhcksa ds elhgk yxsaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vf/kdrj ns'kksa esa ,sls dkuwu yacs le; ls yVds iM+s gSa] ftuds cuus ls tSofofo/krk ij bu ns'kksa dk izHkqRo gksxk vkSj mldk mi;ksx djus okyksa dks eksVh jde eqvkots ;k ykblsal Qh ;k jkW;YVh ds :Ik esa nsuh iM+sxhA blh chp cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dk tgka Hkh gkFk iM+rk gS vkSj dksbZ dke dh pht gkFk vkrh gS ;k yxrk gS fd vkxs pydj dke dh lkfcr gksxh] mls isVs.V djkus dh eqfge rst dj nh gS A vc isVs.V u, vkfo"dkjksa rd lhfer ugha gSA vejhdh dkuwu rks vkfo"dkj ;k [kkst esa Hksn gh ugha djrkA blh vejhdh isVs.V dkuwu dks vk/kkj cukdj ^VªsM fjysVsM baVySdP;qy izksiVhZ jkbVl* ¼fVªIl½ ds fu;e vkSj 'krsZa x<+h xbZ gSaA blhfy, dqN ,slk ekgSy gks x;k gS fd vkleku ds uhps tks Hkh dqN gS og lc isVs.V djk fy;k tk,xkA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vusd daifu;ksa esa lw{ethoksa] tho vkSj dksf'kdkvksa rd dks isVs.V djkus dh gksM+ yxh gSA tc fd ;s u, vkfo"dkj ugha gaS A;s rks izd`+fr esa igys ls gh ekStwn FksA vkius [kkst fy, rks ;s vkids gks x,A blh dks dgrs gSa ^pksjh vkSj lhuktksjh*A ftl rjg ls Hkkjr dh tSo lEink [kklrkSj ls iajiajkxr tM+h&cwfV;ksa ds isVs.V fy, tk jgs gSa] mldh rks fxurh gh djuk eqf'dy gks x;k gSA vki fdlh Hkh tM+h&cwVh ;k mi;ksxh ikS/ks dk uke ysa rks mls fdlh u fdlh us isVs.V djk fy;k gS&vkaoyk] tj vkaoyk vkSj lykbZ] djsyk] tkequ vkSj cSaxu rFkk xqM+ekjA mudh ns[kkns[kh dqN Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa ds Hkh ij fudyus yxs gSA os Hkh Hkkjrh; tM+hcwfV;ksa ds isVs.V ysdj mudks dCtkus dh nkSM+ esa 'kkfey gks xbZ gSaA czkãh] 147

vtqZu] yks/kz] daVdkfj] fdjkVfrrk] xks[k: ;k xks{kj] fp=d vkSj foMax tSls reke vk;qosZfnd vkS"k/kh; ikS/ks isVs.V dh fxj¶r esa Qal pqds gSaA vc budk dk<+k ;k lkj fudkydj cspuk mruk vklku ugha jgsxkA eq>s rks lansg gS fd bu Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa dks bl va/kh nkSM+ ds ihNs Hkh cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dk gkFk u gksA vc Hkkjr us viuk isVs.V dkuwu cuk gh fy;k gS rks ;g ns[kuk gS fd bl isVs.V dkuwu ds lgkjs ge viuh tSofofo/krk dks dgka rd cpk ikrs gSaA vc Hkkjr ljdkj ns'k dh 45000 ikS/k iztkfr;ksa] 75000 izf.ktkfr;ksa rFkk vla[; lw{ethoksa vkSj dhV vkfn dks [kqn gh D;ksa u isVs.V djk ysA gekjs oSKkfudksa us budh [kkst dh gS vkSj u, isVs.V dkuwu esa gj [kkst isVs.V djkbZ tk ldrh gSA

148

8 + HksnHkko Hkkjr us isVs.V&iz.kkyh dks ysdj Hkh fo'oO;kikj laxBu ij HksnHkko cjrus dk vkjksi ugha yxk;kA vly esa ^O;kikj laca/kh ckSf)d vf/kdkj* ds le>kSrs dks vejhdh isVs.V dkuwu dh ns[kkns[kh oSlk gh cuk;k x;k gSA tcfd ;g isVs.V dkuwu vc vizklafxd gks pqdk gS vkSj bldk dksbZ egRo ugha jgkA ;g vejhdh isVs.V dkuwu dksbZ ,d lkS lky igys dsoy fuekZrkvksa ds Hkys ds fy, cuk;k x;k FkkA vc mlh ds nk;js esa ijaijkxr Kku gh ugha] thoar oLrqvksa dk isVs.V Hkh yk;k tk jgk gS] ftlesa thu ;k oa'kk.kq rFkk ekuo dksf'kdkvksa dks isVs.V djuk Hkh 'kkfey gSA cgqjk"Vªh; dEifu;kWa dgrh gSa fd os ,slk isVs.V dkuwu pkgrh gSa tks muds ^vkfo"dkj* dh pksjh u gksus nsA tcfd vejhdh isVs.V iz.kkyh ^fMLdojh* ¼[kkst½ vkSj ^buosa'ku* esa dksbZ Hksn ugha djrhA mnkgj.k ds fy, vkius mM+us okyh lkbfdy cuk nh rks ;g ^vkfo"dkj* gqvkA ysfdu xkyksa esa xïk Mkyus okyk ^thu* irk dj fy;k rks ;g ^[kkst* gqbZA vejhdh dkuwu esa bu nksuksa dks gh isVs.V fd;k tk ldrk gSA vly esa ;g HksnHkko vkxs nwj rd ns[kk tk ldrk gSA vejhdk dks dsoy ,d gh fpark gS fd mldh cgqjk"Vªh; ck;ksVSd&daifu;ksa dks dksbZ uqDlku u igqapsA os ftl ns'k ds ikS/ks ls ;k izk.kh ls thu ysdj dksbZ nok cuk,a rks mldh jkW;YVh esa ;k vkenuh esa ml ns'k dk fgLlk u gks A ;gh dkj.k gS fd vejhdk tSofofo/krk ds le>kSrs&lh- ch- Mh ¼dUosa'ku vkWu ck;ksyksthdy MkboflZVh½ ij gLrk{kj ugha dj jgkA bl le>kSrs dk elkSnk lu~ 1993 esa cuk Fkk vkSj vc rd bl ij 178 ns'kksa us gLrk{kj djds bldks vfHkiq"V ¼jsDVhQkbM½ dj fn;k gSA vc vdsyk vejhdk cpk gS] tks bl ij gLrk{kj ugha dj jgkA blls vejhdk dk vlyh psgjk nqfu;k ds lkeus vk x;k gSA ^lh- ch- Mh* dh ftl /kkjk ij vejhdk dks ,srjkt+ gS] og ;g gS fd blesa igyh ckj ouLifrtkr ¼¶yksjk½ vkSj izkf.ktkr ¼QkWuk½ dks fo'o dh lk>h fojklr ugha ekuk x;k] cfYd ftl ns'k esa ;s isM+&ikS/ks vkSj izk.kh ik, tkrs gSa] mlh ns'k dh viuh fojklr ekuk x;k gSA cspkjs vejhdk ds ikl rks viuk dgus dks T;knk dqN gS gh ughaA T;knkrj izkd`frd lEink vejhdh us nqfu;k Hkj esa tgka&rgka ls cVksjh 149

gSA blfy, vxj og lh- ch- Mh dks eku ys rks mldh reke daifu;ksa dks mu ns'kksa dks jkW;YVh nsuh iM+sxh] ftuds isM+&ikS/kksa ls mUgksaus nok,aA cukbZ gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, ^liZxa/kk* ¼jkWofYQ;k lisZaVkbuk½ dsoy Hkkjr esa ik;k tkrk gSA tc fd liZxa/kk ls g`n; fodkjksa ds fy, reke nok,a fudkyh xbZ gSa vkSj if'peh nok daifu;ka mUgsa fiNys dksbZ 70 lkyksa ls cukdj csp jgh gSaA lh- ch- Mh ds ckn vxj Hkkjr dh ^czkºeh* ls dksbZ nok fudkyh tk,xh rks mldh jkW;YVh Hkkjr dks feysxhA vejhdk vius isVs.V dkuwu ds rgr gj lky dksbZ 1200 yk[k Mkyj dh jkWa;YVh olwy dj ysrk gSA tcfd [kqn fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh izd`fr lEink ds mi;ksx ls gj lky dksbZ lk<+s ikap vjc Mkyj dh dekbZ dj jgk gSA bl dekbZ dh ,d ikbZ Hkh og fdlh ns'k dks ugha nsrkA blesa ls de ls de ,d frgkbZ Hkkjr dh nsu gSA tcfd vejhdk ls Hkkjr dks mldh izkd`frd lEink ds mi;ksx dh ,sot Bsaxk Hkh ugha feykA ;g ,d fofp= HksM+pky gSA vejhdk vius isVs.V dkuwu ds rgr nqfu;k Hkj ds isM+&ikS/kksa] tarqvksa] ;gka rd fd lw{ethoksa dks Hkh isVs.V djk jgk gSA dqN u;k cuk;k] dqN u;k x<+k gks] tks vyx gV dj cuk;k x;k gks] mls dksbZ isVs.V djk;s rks ckr le> esa vkrh gSA ysfdu vejhdk esa rks 5000 ls vf/kd ^thu* vkSj lSy&ykbusa ¼dksf'kdk&dze½ gh isVs.V djk, tk pqds gSaA ;gka rd fd vejhkd dh ,d dEiuh ^ck;kslkbV* dkiksZjs'ku* us ;wjksi dk isVs.V ¼la[;k bZ th 343 217½ fy;k gS] fdl pht+ dk & uotkr f'k'kqvksa vkSj xHkZ esa iy jgs Hkzw.k dh ukfHk ls tqM+h xHkZuky dh :f/kj&dksf'kdkvksa dkA ftl dEiuh us isVs.V fy;k gS] mlus dsoy bruk fd;k gS fd xHkZuky dh :f/kj&dksf'kdk,a ogka ls fudkydj Mhi&Qzht+ esa 'kwU; ls dbZ fMxzh lsfYl;l uhps BaM+h djds tek nh gSaA bruh&lh ckr ls vc bu :f/kj&dksf'kdkvksa dk mi;ksx dsoy ck;kslkbV dEiuh gh dj ldsxhA vxj buds bLrseky ls fpfdRlk dk dksbZ u;k rjhdk fudyk rks ml ij Hkh ^ck;kslkbV* dk vf/kdkj gksxkA blds vykok ;g isVs.V dEiuh dks ;g vf/kdkj Hkh nsrk gS fd og fdlh Hkh f'k'kq dk xHkZuky bLrseky dj ldrh gS vkSj blds fy, mls ekrk&firk dh btkt+r ugha ysuh iM+sxhA vk'p;Z dh ckr rks ;g gS fd vejhdk esa VSDlkl esa fLFkr csyj dkWyst vkWQ esMhflu vkSj xzsukMk ck;kslkbalst us ;wjksfi;u isVs.V vkWafQl esa thfu;kxjh dh rduhd ds uke ij ,d L=h&nsg dk gh isVs.V ysus ds fy, vkosnu dj fn;kA bruh prqjkbZ ls bl isVs.V dk elkSnk rS;kj fd;k x;k fd ekuo nsg esa vxj thfu;kxjh dh dksbZ rduhd viukbZ xbZ rks bu isVs.V/kkfj;ksa dks jkW;YVh nsuh iM+sxhA bl isVs.V esa dgk x;k fd ^Lru/kkfj;ksa dh eknk iztkfr viuh Lru&xzafFk;ksa ls thfu;kxjh ds dkj.k dksbZ thojlkfu;u lzfor djus yxs rks bl lzko ij mi;ZqDr nksuksa laLFkkvksa dk isVs.V gksxkA* Lru/kkjh ;kuh eSey oxZ esa dqRrs&fcYyh vkSj xk;&HkSal rFkk [kjxks'k oxSjg ls ysdj canj vkSj vkneh rd lHkh os izk.kh vk tkrs gSa] tks vius cPpksa dks eka dk nw/k fiykrs gSaA buesa ^Ogsy* Hkh 'kkfey gSA tc 150

bu ck;ksVSd&dEifu;ksa ds isVs.V&vVksuhZ czk;u Y;wdkl ls iwNk x;k fd bl isVs.V esa ^L=h* D;ksa 'kkfey dh xbZ rks vudk tokc Fkk fd ^^D;k irk dgha dksbZ euq";ksa dks Hkh isVs.V djuk Lohdkj dj ysA** ck;ksVSd daifu;ksa dk o'k pys rks os ekuo vaxksa dks Hkh isVs.V djk ysaA ekuo&dksf'kdkvksa vkSj ekuo&oa'kk.kqvksa dks isVs.V djkus dk flyflyk rks py gh iM+k gSA og rks chp esa vejhdh jk"Vªifr vkSj fczVsu ds iz/kkuea=h vk x,] ugha rks ekuo&thudks"k Hkh isVs.V djk fy;k tkrkA yxrk gS ,d fnu gekjh nsg ij Hkh gekjk vf/kdkj ugha jgsxkA ^º;weu Tkhukse MkboflZVh izkstsDV* ds rgr ,d vejhdh daiuh ^bulkbV* ¼Incyte½ us 40]000 Mh- ,u- ,- [k.Mksa rFkk ekuo efLr"d esa lfdz; dqN oa'kk.kqvksa dks isVs.V djkus dk vkosnu ns Mkyk FkkA tc fd budh [kkst ^ekuo&oa'kk.kqdks"k fofo/krk* dh izk;kstuk ds v/khu ,d ljdkjh laLFkku us dh FkhA bl izk;kstuk ds varxZr Hkkjr ds 77 fofo/k leqnk;ksa dh vkuqoaf'kd lajpuk dh [kkst dh tk jgh gS buesa czkºe.kksa ls ysdj xksaM tutkfr vkSj tkV bR;kfn lHkh tkfr&mitkfr 'kkfey gSaA buesa tks Hkh [kkl oa'kk.kq ik,s tk,axs] mUgsa isVs.V djk fy;k tk, rks dksbZ vk'p;Z ughaA fQj vxj Hkkjr esa thu&fpfdRlk 'kq: gqbZ rks gesa bu ck;ksVSd daifu;ksa dks rxM+h ykblsl a &Qh ;k jkW;YVh nsuh gksxh] ftuds ikl t+:jh oa'kk.kqvksa dk isVs.V gksxkA

tSo&nL;qrk rsjs dbZ uke igys rks fodkl'khy ns'kksa dks ;g le>kdj cgdk;k x;k Fkk fd os vius ;gka dh fo'kky okuLifrd lEink dk laxzg djsa vkSj mldk laj{k.k djsa rks muds vkfFkZd fgr iwjh rjg lqjf{kr jgsaxsA ;g rhl lky igys dh ckr gSA bl rjg nqfu;k Hkj ls reke ikS/kksa ds cht dksbZ 60 yk[k uewuksa ds :i esa vehj ns'kksa ds thu&cSadksa esa igqap x, vkSj os mudk iwjk vkfFkZd ykHk mBk jgs gSaA vc bu fodflr ns'kksa dks fpark lrk jgha gS fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds xkao&xkao eas fc[kjs ^^ijaijkxr Kku dhA ,d ckj fQj ogh Hkkoqd iqdkj fd ijaijkxr Kku dks bDV~Bk djks] mls yqIr gksus ls cpkvksA gk; dgha ih<+h&nj&ih<+h pyk vk jgk ;g O;kogkfjd Kku /kjrh ls xk;c u gks tk,A LFkkuh; leqnk;ksa vkSj tutkfr;ksa ds chp tkvks vkSj bl Kku dks daI;wVjksa esa HkjksA vxj ,slk ugha fd;k rks tYnh gh ;g ges'kk ds fy, euq"; ds gkFk ls fudy tk,xkA fQj iwjh ekuork dsk bl yqIr Kku dh Hkkjh dher pqdkuh iM+sxhA vkf[kjdkj ;g Hkh rks lEiw.kZ ekuork dh lk>h /kjksgj gSA** lu~ 1960 ds ckn ds n'kd esa vkSj lu~ lRrjkfnd ds vkjaHk esa varjkZ"Vªh; leqnk; dk ,slk gh n;k&Hkko rhljh nqfu;k dh ouLifr&lEink ds fy, tkxk FkkA ml le; bl n;k vkSj d:.kk okys eq[kkSVs ds ihNs lkft'k ;g Fkh fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds ikS/k&vkuqoaf'kd lalk/kuksa dks dCts+ esa dj fy;k tk,A gfjr dzkafr ds lqugjs fnuksa esa vejhdk ls m/kkj fy, x, ^^yS.M xzk.V flLVe** dks d`f"k&f'k{kk] d`f"k vuqla/kku vkSj d`f"k&izlkj esa ykxw djrs gq, gels ;gh dgk x;k fd rqEgkjh ouLifr&lEink 151

dsoy rqEgkjh ugha iwjh nqfu;k dh /kjksgj gSA fodkl dh nkSM+ esa ;g yqIr gks tk,xhA bls ladfyr djus nks vkSj thu&cSadksa esa j[kus nksA

cht cpkvks Qlyksa dh ijaijkxr fdLeksa ds cht cpk, ugha x, rks ubZ fdLeksa dk izlkj bu fdLeksa dks ges'kk ds fy, [kRe dj nsxkA ;g rdZ gesa Hkh lgh yxkA vkSj geus mudh ckr ekudj nwj&nwj rd cht&laxzg ds vfHk;ku pyk,A vkfnokfl;ksa vkSj fdlkuksa ds chp tk&tk dj nqxZe LFkkuksa ls Hkh ijaijkxr Qlyksa ds cht bdV~Bs fd,A mudh [kwfc;ksa dk irk yxk;k] mUgsa lwphc) fd;kA fQj gesa crk;k x;k fd iwjs fo'o dk Hkyk bu chtksa ls rHkh gksxk] tc budks fdlh ,d txg varjkZ"Vªh; /kjksgj ds :i esa j[kk tk;sA mnkgj.k ds fy, nqfu;k Hkj ls /kku dh fdLeksa ds cht bdV~Bs djds fQfyihUl esa euhyk ds ikl yklckuql esa fLFkr varjkZ"Vªh; /kku vuqla/kku laLFkku ¼bjhZ½ ds thu cSad esa j[k fn, x,A blh rjg xsgaw vkSj eDdk dh reke fdLeksa ds cht bdV~Bs djds eSafDldks esa fLFkr varjkZ"Vªh; eDdk vkSj xsgwa vuqla/kku dasUnz ¼flfeV½ ds thu cSad esa tek gks x,A ckdh Qlyksa ds cht 14 vU; varjkZ"Vªh; d`f"k laLFkkuksa ds thu cSadksa esa j[kok fn, x,A bl rjg reke thu cSadksa esa Qlyksa dh gt+kjksa fdLeksas ds cht tek gksrs pys x, vkSj budh la[;k 60 yk[k ls Åij igqap xbZA ;g vc fo'o dh lk>h /kjksgj gS] ,slk gesa le>k;k x;kA

vf/kdkj dk loky fQj dgk x;k fd ns[kks ;s cht ^^bjhZ** vkSj ^flfeV* ds euhyk vkSj eSafDldks esa fLFkr thu cSadksa esa Hkh lqjf{kr ugha gSaA D;k irk fo'o esa QSys vkradokn ds dkj.k dy dksbZ vkradoknh xqV bu thu cSadksa dks ce ls mM+k ns vkSj ekuork bu nqyZHk chtksa ls oafpr gks tk,A blfy, ,slk djas fd bu chtksa ds uewuksa dh ,d [ksi vejhdk esa QksVZ ukWDl vkSj QksVZ dksfyal esa Hkh j[k nh tk,A bl rjg vejhdk ds bu thu cSadksa esa nqfu;k Hkj ls 6 yk[k fdLekssa ds cht bdV~Bs gks x,A ;g fo'o dk lcls cM+k cht&laxzg gSA vejhdh d`f"k foHkkx bldk laj{kd gSA ysfdu geus rks ^olq/kSo dqVqEcde~* ds izLrksrk gksus ds ukrs leLr fo'o dks ,d ifjokj dk lnL; ekudj vejhdk ij Hkjkslk fd;k vkSj viuh ouLifr&lEink ls bdV~Bs fd, x, lHkh Qlyksa ds cht varjkZ"Vªh; d`f"k vuqla/kkuksa dh ekQZr vejhdk igqapkus ij dksbZ vkifRr ughadhA ysfdu m/kj nqfu;k ds gkykr rst+h ls cnys vkSj lu~ 1992 esa fj;ks esa fd, x, tSo fofo/krk laca/kh le>kSrs lh- ch- Mh- ¼dUosa'ku vkWu ck;ksyksthdy MkboflZVh½ ds rgr lHkh ns'kksa ds ikS/k vkuqoaf'kd lalk/ku mudh viuh lEifRr ekus x,A ysfdu vejhdh d`f"k foHkkx ds ikl j[ks x, cht bl le>kSrs ls ckgj j[ks x,] ugha rks tgka&tgka ls bdV~Bs fd, x, Fks] mUgsa ;k rks okil djus iM+rs ;k fQj muds mi;ksx ls gqbZ dekbZ esa ls jkW;YVh ;k ykblsal Qh nsuh iM+rh ;k fQj dekbZ dk vk/kk fgLlkA ysfdu vejhdk us vHkh rd lh- ch152

Mh ij gLrk{kj ugha fd, gSaA blfy, vejhdh thu cSadksa esa tek chtksa ij fdlh Hkh ns'k dk nkok ugha ekuk tk,xkA pkgs og jk"Vªifr FkkWel tsQjlu }kjk bVyh ls pqjk, x, ^yEckVhZ* /kku ds cht gksa ;k bjhZ ds thu cSad dh ekQZr vejhdk igqWaps Hkkjr ds cklerh] galjkt] dkyk ued vkSj fcanh tSlh /kku dh lqxaf/kr fdLeksa ds cht gksa] vc mu lc ij vejhdk dk vf/kdkj gSA vc rks buesa u,&u, thu Mkydj bUgsa isVs.V djkus dh dksf'k'k dh tk jgh gSA cklerh dk isVs.V Hkys gh u ys ik,a gksa] ysfdu vf/kd mit nsus okyh cklerh fdLesa vejhdk us bUgha chtksa ds bLrseky ls cuk rks MkyhaA vc og pkgs nwljs uke ls gh csps] budks cspdj vjcksa Mkyj dek;sxk vkSj mlesa ls ,d ikbZ Hkh Hkkjr ds mu fdlkuksa dks ugha feysxh] ftUgksaus bu fdLeksa dks lfn;ksa ls laHkkydj j[kkA lu~ 1980 ds n'kd ds 'kq: esa vejhdk esa cls vizoklh Hkkjrh; oSKkfud Mk- vkuan pdzorhZ us ,d thok.kq dks isVs.V djkds thuksa ds isVs.V dk flyflyk 'kq: fd;kA ml le; rd vejhdk esa ^thu* dks isVs.V ugha fd;k tk ldrk FkkA vr% pdzorhZ egksn; dks vejhdk ds lokZsPp U;k;ky; rd eqdÌek yM+uk iM+kA os thr x,A mUgksaus thfu;kxjh ls cSDVhfj;k esa iSVªksy dk vi?kVu djus okyk izkd`frd :i esa ekStwn oa'kk.kq nqxuk cuk dj L;wMkseksukl dh iztkfr ds bl thok.kq dh rsy [kkus dh {kerk nqxuh dj nh FkhA bl rjg bl thok.kq ls leqnzksa esa QSyk rsy ;k dgha Hkh QSyk rsy [kRe fd;k tk ldrk Fkk] rkfd iznw"k.k u QSysA tc Mk- pdzorhZ dks ;g isVs.V fey x;k rks vejhdk dh cht daifu;ksa vkSj ck;ksVSd daifu;ksa dk ekFkk Budk fd blls rks os Hkh reke chtksa vkSj thok.kqvksas vkSj oa'kk.kqvksa dks isVs.V djk ldrh gSaA cl] ;ksa lef>, fd Hkkuerh dk fiVkjk [kqy x;kA vejhdh thu cSad esa reke Qlyksa ds cht ekStwn Fks ghA cl muesa u,&u, oa'kk.kq Mkydj mUgsa isVs.V djkus yxsA vc bruh fo'kky ouLifr lEink esa Qlysa rks igpkuh gqbZ Fkha] ysfdu vkSj Hkh reke ikS/ks Fks] ftuds xq.kksa ds ckjs esa mUgsa dqN Hkh irk ugha FkkA ysfdu ftu ns'kksa ls ;g ouLifr&lEink bdV~Bh dh xbZ] ogka ds vkfnokfl;ksa us rks taxyksa dk pIik&pIik Nkuk gqvk gSA mUgsa t+:j irk gksxk fd dkSu&lk ikS/kk fdl dke vkrk gSA vxj ikS/kksa dk jklk;fud fo'ys"k.k djds lfdz; ;kSfxd vyx djsa vkSj fQj ij[ksa fd fdl etZ esa dke vk ldrs gSa rks va/ksjs esa ykBh pykuk gksrkA bl rjg ikS/kksa ds xq.k irk djus esa mUgsa lSdM+ksa lky yx tkrsA ysfdu ijaijkxr Kku bdV~Bk dj fy;k tk, rks QkSju irk py tk, fd gYnh pksV vkSj lwtu Bhd djus esa dke vkrh gSA tkequ vkSj djsyk e/kqesg ds mipkj esa mi;ksxh gS& oxSjgA bl rjg ftu ikS/kksa ds xq.k irk py tk,axs] muls fQj lfdz; ;kSfxd vyx djds mUgsa isVs.V djk ysaxs vkSj muls nok,a cuk&cuk dj fodkl'khy ns'kksa dks gh cspsaxsA tgka ;s ikS/ks lfn;ksa ls lqjf{kr j[ks x, vkSj bLrseky fd, x,] mUgha ns'kksa dks buls fudyh nok,a csp&cspdj vejhdk vkSj if'peh ns'k ekykeky gksrs jgasxsA vc rks iwjh nqfu;k tSo&nL;qrk ¼ck;ks&ikbjslh½ ds f[kykQ+ bruh psr xbZ gS fd dsjy ds taxyksa dh feV~Vh pqjkrs ;k frrfy;kWa ys tkrs fons'kh oSKkfud QkSju /kj fy, x,A 153

blfy, if'peh ns'kksa dk dksbZ fo'ofo|ky; ;k laLFkku vuqla/kku ds cgkus Hkh fdlh fodkl'khy ns'k dh tSo&fofo/krk esa ?kqliSB djds dqN uewus ys tkuk pkgs] rks vc eqf'dy esa iM+ ldrk gSA blfy, vc os pkgrs gSa fd ;gha ds yksx mUgsa idk&idk;k Kku ns nsaA

vfHkys[ku tSo&nL;qrk vc nwljs :i esa py jgh gSA os LFkkuh; oSKkfudksa] 'kks/kdrkZvksa] LoSfPNd laxBuksa vkSj ljdkjh laxBuksa dks mdlk jgs gSa fd vki ijaijkxr Kku dks bdV~Bk djksA blds fy, 'kks/k ds uke ij vuqnku nsus ds fy, vusd if'peh laxBu rS;kj gSaA tjk&lk 'kgn ;k xqM+ Mkyks rks phafV;ka QkSju bdV~Bh gks tkrh gSaA ;gka rks Vuksa xqM+ iVdk tk jgk gSA vusd laLFkk,a tSls fd ;wukbVsM us'kal Msoyies.V izksxzke ¼;w- ,u- Mh- ih½] vadVkM ¼unctad½] fMikVZes.V QkWj b.Vjus'kuy Msoyies.V ¼Mh- ,Q- vkb- Mh-½] LohfM'k b.Vjus'kuy Msoyies.V ,stsalh ¼SIDA½] dukfM;u b.Vjus'kuy Msoyies.V ,tsalh ¼ CIDA½] teZuh dh ^th Vh tsM* bR;kfn vkSj vU; vusd nkunkrk laxBu ijaijkxr Kku ds vfHkys[ku ds fy, vuqnku nsus dks rS;kj cSBs gSaA Hkkjr dk foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx ¼Mh,l- Vh-½ oSKkfud ,oa vkS|ksfxd vuqla/kku ifj"kn ¼lh- ,l- vkbvkj-½ rFkk Hkkjrh; d`f"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn ¼vkb- lh- ,- vkj½ tSls laxBu Hkh bl {ks= esa vuqla/kku ds fy, foŸkh; lgk;rk nsrs gSaA bl Kku dks bdV~Bk djds vkxs D;k fd;k tk,xk] ;g dksbZ ugha tkurkA vpkud ijaijkxr Kku esa gekjh bruh xgjh fnypLih D;ksa iSnk gks xbZ gS] ;g Hkh dksbZ ugha tkurkA vkSj bl Kku dk mi;ksx dkSu dj jgk gS\

,dkf/kdkj vly esa tkus&vutkus esa ge lc yksx tSo nL;qrk dks c<+kok ns jgs gSaA vkSj ;g ge pksjh&Nqis ugha dj jgsA [kqYye&[kqYyk dj jgs gSaA varjkZ"Vªh; rFkk jk"Vªh; laxBuksa dh lgk;rk ls dj jgs gSaA gesa 'kk;n irk Hkh ugha gS fd ;g lkjh tkudkjh mu cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds ikl tk jgh gS] tks bldk O;kikfjd mi;ksx djus ds fy, cspSu gSaA ge rks fjiksVZ vkSj fdrkcsa ;k MsVkcsl cukdj gh cl dg nsaxs fd vc gekjk dk;Z [kReA nqfu;k dh vkuqoaf'kd lEink dks cVksjdj vius thu&cSadksa esa tek djus esa if'peh ns'kksa dks 30 lky yxs FksA ysfdu ijaijkxr Kku rks Hkkjrh; laLFkkvksa ds MsVkcslksa ls iyd >idrs gh cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds MsVkcslks esa tk jgk gSA dqNsd lkyksa esa gekjs izkphu xzaFkksa esa ntZ Kku gh ugha] xkao&xkao tkdj bdV~Bk fd;k x;k Kku] vkfnokfl;ksa ls yh xbZ tkudkjh vkSj izkphu ik.Mqfyfi;ksa ls vaxzsth esa vuwfnr tkudkjh] lc dh lc muds ikl igqap tk,xhA ;kuh ;g lkjk Kku gekjs gkFk ls fudy dj muds ikl igqap tk,xkA bl tSo&nL;qrk esa ge lc muds lkÌhnkj gksaxsA ge rks gkFk ij gkFk /kjs cSBs jgsaxs vkSj 154

os bl Kku ds vk/kkj ij nok,a vkSj vU; mRikn cukdj ge gh dks cspsaxsA vl le; gesa ;g Hkh ekywe ugha iM+sxk fd ;s eky gekjh tkudkjh ds vk/kkj ij cuk;k x;k gSA tks ;g ekurs gSa fd bl Kku ls dqN fudyk rks ge mlls fdlku leqnk; ;k vkfnoklh xkao dh iapk;r dks jkW;YVh fnyok,axs] os ;g Hkwy tkrs gSa fd gekjs ikl bldk dksbZ mik; ugha gS fd fdlus ijaijkxr Kku dk D;k vkSj dgka Qk;nk mBk;k] bldk irk yxk ldsaA ge rks vHkh if'peh txr ls vk, ml ukjs ls Hkzfer gSa fd ^ckSf)d lEink ds vf/kdkj* esa fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds fy, vusd ^pqukSfr;ka vkSj volj* ekStwn gSa vkSj vc fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds Åij gS fd os fdl rjg bldk ykHk mBkrs gSaA th gkWa] ^pqukSrh* rks fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh turk ds lkeus gS fd ftUgksaus gekjh ouLifr&lEink gfFk;kyh] mu tSonL;qvksa ls vc ge vius ijaijkxr Kku dks fdl rjg cpk,a vkSj ^volj* mu vQljksa ds fy, gS] tks bl ijaijkxr Kku dks cVksj dj ijk;s gkFkksa esa lkSaius ds cnys esa varjkZ"Vªh; laxBuksa esa Åaps osru okys in lq'kksfHkr djasxsA

tSonL;qrk ls vka[ksa Qsjuk gekjh tSofofo/krk ij iwjh nqfu;k dh vka[ks xM+h gSaA u tkus D;k&D;k ;gka ls pksjh gks x;k] bl tSonL;qrk dk gesa dksbZ vuqeku Hkh ugha gSA fQj Hkh ge brus ykijokg gSa fd Hkkjr dh tSofofo/krk dh j{kk ds fy, cuk;s tk jgs dkuwu ds chfl;ksa elkSns] chfl;ksa desfV;ksa esa fopkj ds fy, j[ks&j[ks] bl est ls ml est] bl foHkkx ls ml foHkkx vkSj bl ea=ky; ls ml ea=ky; /kdsys tk jgs gSaA bldh ftEesnkjh gS i;kZoj.k vkSj ou ea=ky; ijA ysfdu tc ls bl foHkkx ij ukSdj'kkgh dh esgjckuh gqbZ gS vkSj lfpo Lrj ds in oSKkfudksa ls Nhus x, gSa] rc ls bldh dk;Z'kSyh ?kksj voSKkfud gks xbZ gSA varjkZ"Vªh; eapksa ij vkt i;kZoj.k lcls cM+k eqÌk gS vkSj ,dk/k viokn dks NksM+ nsa] rks vf/kdrj ^vkb- ,- ,l-* rks ;g Hkh ugha tkurs fd bdksyksth dh nqfu;k esa ^vkb- ,- ,l* dk eryc gS& buosfto ,fy;u Lih'kht& ;kuh ckgj ls vkdj ?kqliSB djus okyh vkdzked iztkfrA Hkkjr ds ou vkSj i;kZoj.k ea=ky; esa ?kqliSB djus okys Hkkjrh; iz'kklfud lsok ds vf/kdrj vf/kdkfj;ksa ij ;g ckr iwjh rjg pLika gksrh gSA ,slh gh vkdzked iztkfr;ka tSofofo/krk dh j{kk ds fy, cuk;s tk jgs vf/kfu;e dks xsan dh rjg mNkydj bl ikys ls ml ikys esa Qsadrh jgh gSaA m/kj gekjh izkd`frd lEink ls NkaV&NkaV dj uhe] gYnh vkSj cklerh bR;kfn dks isVsUV djkus dh lkft'ksa pyrh jgha vkSj b/kj ge vius tSofofo/krk dkuwu dh Qkby ij ysVs&ysVs [kjkZVs ekjrs jgsA cgqjk"Vªh; ck;ksVSd daifu;ksa dks irk gS fd mudh tSo izkS|ksfxdh ds fy, dPpk eky rks Hkkjr tSls fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh tSofofo/krk ls gh feysxkA rHkh rks nok&daifu;ka NksVs&NksVs ns'kksa dks Qqlykdj muds taxy ds taxy iV~Vs ij ysdj 155

Nku jgh gaS fd muesa ,sls ikS/ks fey tk,a] ftuesa tM+h&cwfV;ksa dh [kwfc;ksa dh [kwfc;ka gksaA fQj Hkkjr ds ikl rks nqfu;k dh rhljh lcls cM+h fo'kky tSofofo/krk gSA ikS/kksa dh 45]000 iztkfr;ka gSa] rks izkf.k;ksa dh 75]000] ftlesa lw{etho Hkh 'kkfey gSaA bl fo'kky tSo&laink esa ls D;k&D;k fons'kh ys mM+s] ;g fdlh dks ugha irkA tsonL;qrk ds izdksi ls cs[kcj Hkkjr dk i;kZoj.k vkSj ou ea=ky; va/ksjs esa rhj pykus esa n{k gSaA lus cgqr lkjk le; ,d jk"Vªh; tSo fofo/krk dk;Z;kstuk cukus esa yxk fn;k D;ksafd mlds fy, ckgj ls Mkyj fey x, FksA blesa [kkl rkSj ls ;g irk djuk gS fd gekjs ns'k esa dgka] D;k gS\ ;g dk;Z;kstuk xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa dh otg ls BhdBkd py jgh gSA dgha ljdkj [kqn gh ftEesnkjh laHkkyrh rks bldk Hkh Hkêk cSB tkuk FkkA blds ckn cpk FkksM+k&cgqr le; ^tSofofo/krk&vf/kfu;e*] ^ck;ksyksthdy MkboflZVh ,DV* cukus ij lksp&fopkj ds fy, fn;k x;kA gkykafd blesa bruk le; [kikus dh t+:jr ugha Fkh] D;ksafd gekjs ikl lh- ch- Mh- ;kuh ^dUosa'ku vkWu ck;ksyksthdy MkboflZVh* ds :i esa tSofofo/krk ds varjkZ"Vªh; le>kSrs dk cM+k mi;ksxh vkSj egRoiw.kZ nLrkost ekStwn gSA blesa fdlh ns'k dh lhek ds Hkhrj ekStwn tSo lEink ij mlh ns'k dh lEizHkqrk ekuh xbZ gSA fcuk mldh btkt+r ds bl tSo lEink dk dksbZ vU; ns'k fdlh Hkh :i esa bLrseky ugha dj ldrkA ;g Hkh vk'p;Z dh ckr gS fd ftl ns'k dh tSofofo/krk dk vf/kdka'k ikS/kksa dh mu fdLeksa vkSj tarqvksa dhs mu uLyksa ls lacaf/kr gS] tks dsUnzh; d`f"k ea=ky; ds dk;Z&{ks= vkrs gSa vkSj tks Hkkjrh; d`f"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn ds fy, cM+s egRo ds gaS] mlds ckjs esa dkuwu cukus dh ft+Eesnkjh dsUnzh; i;kZoj.k vkSj ou ea=ky; dks lkSai nh xbZ gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd blds 'kq: ds elkSnksa esa mu fdlkuksa ds vf/kdkj dh dksbZ ppkZ gh ugha Fkh] tks lfn;ska ls bl ns'k dh tSofofo/krk ds j[kokys jgs gSaA blfy, ;g dke rks Hkkjrh; d`f"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn dks lkSaiuk Fkk] ysfdu ljdkj rks ukSdj'kkg pyk jgs gSa] ftuesa ls vf/kdrj ds fy, ns'k fgr ds eqÌksa dk dksbZ eryc ugha gSA mUgsa rks cl viuh dqLkhZ vkSj inksUufr dh fpark jgh gS vkSj os gj foHkkx dks lh<+h dh rjg bLrseky djrs gSaA tgka ij Åij p<+s fd lh<+h QsadhA vaxzstksa ds fn, bl 'kklura= ls ftruh tYnh ;g ns'k fi.M NqMk ys] mruk gh vPNkA de ls de oSKkfud vkSj rduhdh foHkkxksa esa rks iz'kklfud lsok ds dyk& Lukrdksa ds ?kqlus ij ikcanh gksuh pkfg,A ;s oSKkfudksa ls fp<+rs gSa vkSj muds fy, eqlhcrsa iSnk djrs jgrs gSaA vxj Hkkjrh; d`f"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn ¼vkb- lh- ,- vkj½ vkSj oSKkfud ,oa vkS|ksfxd vuqla/kku ifj"kn ¼lh- ,l- vkbvkj-½ tSls oSKkfud laxBu u gksrs] rks u tkus fdruh tSo lEink gekjs gkFk ls fudy tkrhA ;s laxBu gSa tks tSonL;qvksa ij fuxkg j[ks gq, gSa vkSj ftlus Hkh gekjh tSo lEink pqjkus dh dksf'k'k dh] mldh bUgksaus vPNh [kcj yhA vejhdk }kjk cklerh dh pksjh] gYnh dh pksjh] vkLVªsfy;k }kjk vjgj dh pksjh vkSj reke cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa }kjk ljlksa] beyh] veyrkl] 156

vkaoyk vkfn dh pksjh jksdus esa gekjs oSKkfudksa us gh igy dhA ukSdj'kkg rks bl ns'k dks uhyke djus ds fy, cSBs gSaA i;kZoj.k vkSj ou ea=ky; dh blesa dksbZ Hkwfedk ugha jghA varjkZ"Vªh; i;kZoj.k lEesyuksa esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, fons'kh nkSjs djus vkSj ogka dh cSBdksa esa tSlk cM+s ns'kksa us dgk] oSlk djus ds fy, viuh eqaMh fgyk nsus ds flok cspkjs ,e- bZ- ,Q- ¼fefuLVªh vkWQ ,Uok;jues.V ,.M QkWjsLV~l½ us dqN ugha fd;kA tks Hkh vPNk dke gqvk] og rHkh gqvk tc rd ;g ea=ky; oSKkfudksa ds gkFk esa FkkA mlds ckn rks ,d ehBh uhan vkSj [kjkZVksa dh vkokt gh i;kZoj.k Hkou ls vkrh jghA vusd eapksa ls crk;k tkrk gS fd D;k fd;k tk,] ysfdu mudh flQkfj'ksa ^,e- bZ- ,Q- ds ukSdj'kkg BaMs cLrs esa Mkydj Hkwy tkrs gSaA m/kj ckgj ds ns'k gekjh bl f'kfFkyrk vkSj lqLrhs dk iwjk Qk;nk mBk jgs gSaA fdlh u fdlh cgkus ls tc rd dkuwu ugha gS] rc rd Hkkjr dh tSofofo/krk esa ls ftruk ekj ldks] ekj yks] mudh j.kuhfr ;gh gSA ;gka ls ys tkbZ xbZ ikS/k&lkexzh esa ckgjh oa'kk.kq Mkydj os ml ikS/ks dks viuk ^vfo"dkj* crkus yxrs gSaA mls isVs.V djkus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSaA gekjk ^jk"Vªh; tSofofo/krk vf/kfu;e* cus ;k u cus ltho oLrqvksa dks isVs.V djkus dk dkuwu rks fo'o O;kikj laxBu dh cnkSyr lu~ 1999 ds var ls ykxw gks x;k vkSj gesa Hkh ekuuk iM+sxkA bl dkuwu dk lcls cM+k uqdlku Hkkjr&tSls tSofofo/krk lEiUu ns'k dks gh gksus okyk gSA gekjs ;gka isM+&ikS/kksa ls ysdj lw{ethoksa rd fo'kky tSo fofo/krk fc[kjh gqbZ gS] tks fd Åaps ioZrksa ij cQZ tekus okys 'kwU; ls uhps ds rkieku ls ysdj jktLFkku ds 50 fMxzh lsfYl;l ls ÅWaps rkieku rd fofo/k izdkj dh tyok;q esa iui jgh gSA gesa Hkh vius tSofofo/krk dkuwu esa lw{ethoksa dks 'kkfey djuk pkfg,A gekjs ns'k esa tks elkSnk cuk;k x;k] mlesa tSofofo/krk ds bLrseky ds gh fu;e cuk, x, gSaA vuqla/kku laLFkku vxj bl lkexzh dk mi;ksx djuk pkgrs gSa rks mUgsa dsUnzh; i;kZoj.k ,oa ou ea=ky; ds lkFk le>kSrk djuk iM+sxkA gekjs ikS/kksa ;k izkf.k;ksa ls dqN ,slk fey tkrk gS] ftldk O;kikjhdj.k fd;k tk lds] rks mlds fy, Hkh bl ea=ky; ls btkt+r ysuh gksxhA bl rjg ;g lkjk ekeyk ukSdj'kkgh dh eqV~Bh esa jgsxk] tks ,slh eqV~Bh gS fd xje djrs gh [kqy tkrh gSA tSofofo/krk dh j{kk ds fy, jk"Vªh; ikS/k vkuqoaf'kd lalk/ku C;wjks ¼,u- ch- ih- thvkj-½] ckWVuhdy losZ vkWQ bf.M;k vkSj twyksthdy losZ vkWQ bf.M;k tSlh oSKkfud laLFkkvksa us igys gh ,sls fu;e cuk, gq, gSa tks ckgj ls ltho oLrq,a ykus vkSj ;gka ls ys tkus & nksuksa ij ykxw gksrs gSaA ftlus Hkh bu laLFkkvksa ls laidZ fd;k gS] mls irk gksxk fd vuqla/kku ds fy, ,d uewuk ysus esa Hkh fdrus ikiM+ csyus iM+rs gSaA vc ;s vf/kdkj ea=ky; ds vf/kdkfj;ksa ds ikl gksaxs] tgkWa oSKkfud pDdj gh dkVrs jgssaxsA [kklrkSj ls nqfu;k Hkj esa mHkjrs ck;ksVSd&m|ksx dh n`f"V ls gesa viuh tSofofo/krk ds laj{k.k ij fo'ks"k /;ku nsuk gksxkA lcls igyh ckr gS fd gekjs ns'k dh 157

HkkSxksfyd lhek ds vanj tks Hkh gS] og gekjs ns'k dk gS] ;g ckr dkuwuh rkSj ij ykxw gksuh pkfg,A blds fy, gesa Hkh ogh djuk gksxk tks vkLVªsfy;k] fQfyihUl vkSj bZDokMksj& tSls ns'kksa us fd;k gSA bu ns'kksa us vius lafo/kku esa gh ;g /kkjk Mky nh gS] tks mUgsa viuh lEiw.kZ tSo lEink ij ekfydkuk gd nsrh gSA Hkkjr ds lafo/kku dh /kkjk 39 ¼ch½ esa ;g izko/kku gS fd ns'k ds HkkSfrd lalk/kuksa dk lerk iw.kZ forj.k gks vkSj mRiknu ds lk/ku rFkk muls gksus okyh le`f) dqN leqnk;ksa ;k O;fDr;ksa esa bdV~Bh u gks tk,A bldk Qk;nk mBkdj gesa ,slk dkuwu cukuk pkfg, Fkk] ftlls pan futh daifu;ka gekjh tSo fofo/krk dks gM+i u tk,aA isVs.V ds dkuwu ykxw jgus dh vf/kdre vof/k 20 lky dh gSA ysfdu ekfydkuk gd dk dkuwu cuk;k rks og ges'kk ykxw jgsxkA gesa ;g ns[kuk gksxk fd ckSf)d lEink ds vf/kdkj dks ysdj ck;ksVSd&daifu;ksa dks Qk;nk igqapkus dh tks varjkZ"Vªh; lkft'k py jgh gS mldh dkV gekjk dkuwu iwjh rjg djsA vHkh rd rks gekjs ns'k esa ;g Hkh r; ugha gS fd dksbZ gekjh vuwBh tSo&lEink esa ls fdlh ikS/ks] izk.kh ;k lw{etho dk bLrseky djuk pkgs rks ge mlls D;k dher olwy djsaxsA ;gh ugha vxj mlesa ls dqN ,slh pht fudy vk, tks ckt+kj esa csph tk lds] rks mldh fcdzh dk ,d fgLlk ge jkW;YVh ds :i esa Hkh olwy ldrs gSaA ;g ckr gekjs isVs.V&dkuwu esa lkQ&lkQ 'kkfey dh tkuh pkfg, FkhA vkLVªsfy;k us vius dkuwu esa ;g izko/kku fd;k gS fd vxj dksbZ mldh tSo&lEink ls dqN O;kikfjd oLrq fudkydj csprk gS] rks mldh fcdzh dk 7 izfr'kr fgLlk] mls jkW;YVh ds :i esa vkLVªsfy;k dh ljdkj dks nsuk iM+sxkA vejhdk dk dkuwu rks bruk dM+k gS fd dksbZ Hkh mldh tSolEink ij mlds ekfydkuk gd dk guu djs rks mls tklwlh ds vkjksi esa nckspk tk ldrk gSA Hkkjr ,d lEekfur izHkko'kkyh jk"Vª ds :i essa jh<+ lh/kh djds [kM+k gksuk dc lh[ksxk\

isVs.Vksa dh vkM+ esa nknkxhjh if'pe esa ,d dksbZ lar osysaVkbu gq, gSa ftuds uke ij vkdhZt uked cgqjk"Vªh; daiuh fd'kksj vkSj fd'kksfj;ksa dks cgdkdj vius dkMZ csprh gS vkSj djksM+ksa dk equkQk dekrh gSA bu iafDr;ksa dks fy[krs le; if'pe ds dSFkksfyd lEiznk; esa iknfj;ksa dh izse&yhykvksa dks ysdj vQjk&rQjh eph gqbZ FkhA ysfdu ^osysaVkbu Ms* dk Qk;nk mBkdj cSaxyksj ds dqN mRlkgh iq"Ik fodzsrkvksa us vius xqykc isfjl esa cspus pkgs rks ^osysaVkbu Ms* cukus okys bl ns'k dh csoQkbZ lkeus vk x;hA cSaxykSj ls gokbZ tgkt 41000 xqykc ysdj mM+k Fkk vkSj mls cSajx okil vkuk iM+kA ;gh ugha uhnjySaMl] teZuh vkSj Qzkal dh dbZ ukeh Qwy daifu;ksa us /kedh Hkh ns Mkyh fd os Hkkjr dks xqykcksa dh ubZ fdLeksa dh ikS/k ugha nsaxhA bl rjg irk py x;k fd vUrZjk"Vªh; Lrj ij cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ls gksM+ djuk fdruk Vs<+k dke gSA muds gkFk cgqr yacs gSaA 158

bu daifu;ksa us nyhy ;g nh fd Hkkjr ls Hksts x, xqykc ftu fdLeksa ds Fks muds isVs.V bu daifu;ksa ds ikl gSaA blfy, Hkkjrh; daifu;ka bu xqykcksa dk O;kikj ugha dj ldrhA xuher gS fd tkiku us ml ^cksus thu eksfju&10* dks isVs.V ugha djk;k Fkk vkSj u eSfDldks esa fLFkr varjkZ"Vªh; xsgwa vkSj eDdk vuqla/kku dsUnz us] ugha rks Hkkjr ls fu;kZr fd;k x;k xsgwa Hkh okil vk tkrk fd bldk rks isVs.V gekjs ikl gSA d`f"k&O;kikj esa vMaxk yxkus ds fy, isVs.V dkuwuksa ds nqgkbZ nsuk ^xqykc&dk.M* ls igys ls pyk vk jgk gSA Hkkjrh; Qwy&m|ksx ls igys vU; ns'k bldk dM+qvk ?kwaV ih pqdh gSA lu~ 1994 esa vtsZafVuk ls Hksth xbZ LVªkcsjh dks [ksi ;wjksih la?k us jksd nh FkhA dkj.k ;g Fkk fd vtsZafVuk dh LVªkcsjh ;wjksi dh LVªkcsjh ls gksM+ dj jgh FkhA ;wjksih LVªkcsjh dh fdLesa vly esa vejhdk esa fodflr dh xbZ FkhaA ykblsal Qh ysdj mUgsa iSnk djus ds vf/kdkj vejhdh daifu;ksa us ;wjksih daifu;ksa dks csp fn,A vc ogh LVªkcsjh vtsafZ Vuk us mxkdj ;wjksi esa cspuh pkgh rks ;wjksih daifu;ksa dks yxk fd mudk LVªkcsjh O;kikj BIi gks tk,xkA pV ls mUgksusa iSVs.V dkuwu vkSj ^fVªIl* dk lgkjk fy;k vkSj NksVs vkSj xjhc ns'k vtsZafVuk dks uqdlku igqapkus esa ;g daifu;ka t+jk Hkh ugha fgpdhaA LVªkcsjh dh bl fdLe ds ikS/ks ewyr% ;wjksi dh daifu;ksa us gh vtsZafVuk dks Hksth FkhaaA tkfgj gS fd eq¶r esa rks ugha nh gkssaxhA ysfdu mlh LVªkcsjh dks vtsZafVuk ds fdlkuksa us cspuk pkgk rks mu ij isVs.V dkuwu Fkksi fn;k x;kA varjkZ"Vªh; d`f"k&O;kikj dh xktj fn[kkdj tks Hkkjrh; fdlkuksa dks yypk jgs gSa fd rqe Hkh mudh rjg ekykeky gks tkvksxs muds fy, caxykSjh xqykcksa dh isfjl ls okilh ,d vPNk lcd jgkA gekjs ;gka gj pht lLrh iSnk dh tkrh gS ablfy, Hkkjrh; xqykcksa ds nke Qzkal dh daifu;ksa ds xqykcksa ls csgn lLrs jgs gksaxsA fQj Hkyk os Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa dks vius isV ij D;ksa ykr ekjus nsrsA Qzkalhlh daifu;ksa us rks Hkkjrh; ^xqykcksa* dks udyh gh crk fn;kA ekuks os dkxt ;k IykfLVd ds cus gksaA tc bu daifu;ksa us Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa dh bu xqykcksa dh ikS/k csph Fkh rc Hkh mUgsa irk rks gksxk fd Hkkjr esa cht vkSj ikS/k isVs.V ugha fd, tkrsA rc rks mUgsa equkQk dekuk FkkA vkSj vc tc Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa dh equkQk dekus dh ckjh vk;h rks os fcnd xbZaA igys bUgha fons'kh daifu;ksa us Hkkjrh; iq"Ik&mRikndksa dks cgdk;k Fkk fd ^rqe gekjs fn, Qwy mxkvks ge rqe ls [kjhn ysaxsA* ysfdu budh dFkuh vkSj djuh esa fdruk QdZ gS] ;g bl xqykc&dk.M ls lkQ gks x;kA oSls Hkh ;wjksih ns'kksa us Hkkjr ls Hksts tkus okys Qy&Qwyksa ij 14 izfr'kr dh dLVe M~;wVh yxk j[kh gSA os ugha pkgrs fd Hkkjr viuk eky bUgsa cspsA os pkgrs Fks fd ;k rks vkSj ns'kksa esa [kik,a ;k fQj vius ns'k esa gh cspsaA ysfdu tc Hkkjrh; iq"Ik fodzsrkvksa us muds gh cktkj es amuds lkeus [kM+s gksus dh tqjZr dj Mkyh rks muds dku [kM+s gks x,A blhfy, mUgksauas Hkkjrh; xqykc&O;kikj dh mHkjrh dfy;ksa dks f[kyus ls igys gh ukssap MkykA blds fy, ^vkbZ- ih- vkj-* vkSj ^fVªIl* dh /kkjk,a bLrseky dhaA vc os dgka gSa tks dgrs Fks fd ckSf)d lEink ds vf/kdkjksa dk ge Hkh Qk;nk mBk;asxsaA mYVs geus lu~ 1988 esa jk"Vªh; cht uhfr esa <hy nsdj ckgj 159

ls cht vkSj ikS/ks eaxkus ds jkLRks [kksy fn,A xqykcksa dh ;wjksih dyesa mUgha fnuksa Hkkjr esa vkbZ FkhaA ;wjksi ds iq"Ik&mRikndksa us ,d lksph&le>h j.kuhfr ds rgr viuk iq"Ik O;kikj cpkus ds fy, gh Hkkjr dks viuh fdLeksa dh ikS/k vkSj cht csps FksaA ogka l?ku iq"Ii&d`f"k us mudh tehausa pkSiV dj nh gSaA dhVukf'k;ksa vkSj jklk;fud moZjdksa us ;wjksih ns'kksa dh Qwy mxkus esa dke vk jgh tehukssa dks cstku cuk fn;k gSA mudk Hkw&ty Hkh bl iznw"k.k ls xzLr gSA reke rjg dh LokLF; leL;k,a mB jgh gSaA blfy, Qwy mxkus esa vxz.kh gkyS.M ¼uhnjySaM~l½] teZuh vkSj Qzkal tSls ;wjksih ns'kksa us lkspk fd Qwy cspks] exj mxkvks dgha vkSj tSls fd Hkkjr esaA Hkkjr rks fons'kh iwath fuos'k ds fy, ykj Vidkrk gh jgrk gS] lks ;wjksih Qwy&mRikndksa dks Hkkjr dks cgdkus esa dksbZ dfBukbZ ugha gqbZA muds fy, Hkkjr esa Qwy mxkus ds lkSns gq, tks ,d rjg ls Hkkjr dh feV~Vh vkSj ikuh dks iznwf"kr djus ds lkSns FksA blhfy, ;wjksih iq"Ik&O;kikfj;ksa us viuh fdLesa Hkh nha vkSj Qwy mxkus ds fy, vko';d <kapk [kM+k djus esa Hkh Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa dh enn dhA os rks ;g pkgrs Fks fd Hkkjrh; O;kikjh cl Qwy mxk,a vkSj lLrs nkeksa ij mUgsa gh csp ns]a rkfd varjkZ"Vªh; e.Mh esa ;s Qwy mUgha ds uke ls fcdsa vkSj ml fcdzh dk equkQk os gh dek,aA tc Hkkjrh; Qwy&O;kikjh viuk eky ysdj [kqn cspus tk igaqps rks mUgsa v[kjkA Qwyksa dh [ksrh vly esa [kk|&lqj{kk dks fouk'k ds dxkj ij igqapkus dk vkRe?kkrh dne gSA gj g¶rs nks ckj rks dhVuk'kh nok fNM+duh gksrh gSA 47 Vu ls vf/kd jklk;fud moZjd izfr gSDVs;j Mkyus gksrs gSaA lkFk gh 108 Vu izfr gSDV;sj [kkn HkhA blds vykok izfr gSDVs;j 212 ,dM+ bap ikuh nsuk iM+rk gS tks fd vukt okyh Qlyksa ls pkSxquk gSA bl rjg Qwyksa ls Mkyj dekus dk ykyp nsus okys ;g Hkwy tkrs gSa fd Qwyksa dh [ksrh dh cM+h Hkkjh dher Ik;kZoj.k dks iznwf"kr djus ds :Ik esa pqdkuh iM+rh gSA feV~Vh dk dpwej gh fudy tkrk gSA mldh cukoV cny tkrh gSA ikuh uhps pyk tkrk gS vkSj iznwf"kr gks tkrk gSA blls ihus dk ikuh Hkh izHkkfor gksrk gSA Qwy mxkus dh vkfFkZdh Hkh vka[ksa [kksyus okyh gSaA caxykSj esa gh fLFkr d`f"k foKku fo'ofo|ky; ¼;w , ,l½ ds nks oSKkfud & M+k- Vh- ,u- izdk'k vkSj M+k- rstfLouh us irk yxk;k fd ,d gSDVs;j xqykc mxkus ij tks iwath fuos'k vkSj vknku yxkus iM+rs gSa ogh ,d gSDVs;j vukt mxkus ij yxk;s tk;sa rks 4]274 Vu vfrfjDr vukt iSnk gksxk vkSj 2 yk[k Je&fnol ds cjkcj jkstxkj vftZr gksxkA tcfd ,d gSDVs;j esa mxk, x, xqykcksa dks cspdj ckgj ls vukt eaxk,a rks dsoy 1256 Vu vukt fey ik,xkA bl rjg vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd nksuksa gh n`f"V ls xqykc dh txg xsgwa mxkuk vf/kd Js;Ldj gSA

160

9- IksVs.V ls vutku fgUnqLRkku Hkkjr ljdkj us vius isVs.V dkuwu dks cny rks fy;k gS] ysfdu vke Hkkjrh; ;k gekjs vke O;kikjh Hkh isVs.V dkuwuksa ds ckjs esa cgqr vutku gSaA ;g vKku fo'o ds orZeku ifjn`'; esa cM+k eagxk iM+ ldrk gSA D;ksafd iwjh nqfu;k esa ckSf)d lEink ds vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk dk eqfge py iM+k gSA gekjs oSKkfudksa vkSj vkfo"dkjdksa esa Hkh oSKkfud lEink ds vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk dSls dh tk, blds ckjs esa fo'ks"k tkudkjh dk vHkko gSA tcfd if'pe esa ljdkjh vkSj futh oSKkfud laLFkk,a bl ckjs esa iwjh rjg lpsr gSaA Hkkjr esa bl ckjs esa dqN NqViqV rS;kjh rks 'kq: dh xbZ ysfdu dqy feykdj u rks ge bl ckjs esa tu&psruk txk ik, gSa vkSj u iwjh rS;kjh dj ik,a gSaA blfy, Hkkjrh; foKku] izkS|ksfxdh vkSj vFkZO;OkLFkk ds lkeus ;g ,d cM+h pqukSrh gS fd isVs.V O;oLFkk dk ykHk mBkdj ckSf)d lEink ds vf/kdkj dh j{kk dSls djsaA Pkkgs vkfo"dkj gks ;k [kkst ;k fQj fdlh ijaijkxr Kku dh oSKkfud iqf"V] iwjh nqfu;k esa ckSf)d lEink ds vf/kdkj esa 'kkfey dh tkus ;ksX; fdlh Hkh oLrq dks isVs.V djkus dh ,d rjg dh Nhuk&>iVh py iM+h gSA dqN ns'k vPNh rjg tkurs gSa fd isVs.Vksa dh xq.koRrk dh ctk; mudh la[;k dk T;knk egRo gSA rHkh rks phu us 90]000 ls vf/kd isVs.V ys fy, gSa tcfd Hkkjr ds dqy isVs.Vksa dh la[;k nqfu;k Hkj esa ek= 3500 gSA ,d rjg dh va/kh nkSM+ py iM+h gS ftlesa nslh isM+&ikS/ks] tho&tarq] ;gka rd fd lw{ethoksa dks Hkh csjksdVksd isVs.V fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj bl rjg isVs.V dh ;g tkuh ekuh 'krZ fd dqN u;k gks] vuwBk gks vkSj tkuk&igpkuk u gks & Hkqyk nh xbZ gSA vc rks Hkkjr us Hkh lu~ 1970 ds isVs.V dkuwu dks cny dj lw{ethoksa dks isVs.V djuk Lohdkj dj fy;k gSA tkfgj gS fd ;g Mc~Y;w Vh vks ds ncko esa fd;k x;k gSA u, dkuwu esa îzfdz;k* ¼izkslsl½ dh txg îzksMDV* dks isVs.V djuk Lohdkj dj fy;k gSA bl rjg cgqjk"Vªh; nok daifu;ka [kq'k gks xbZ gSa] D;ksafd igys gekjh Hkkjrh; nok daifu;ka îzfdz;k* esa gYdk lk Qsj&cny dj fdlh Hkh nok dks cuk ysrh Fkha vkSj csgn lLrs nkeksa ij csp ysrh FkhaaA ysfdu vc os oSlk ugha dj ik,axha vkSj cgqr lh NksVh&eksVh nok daifu;ka rks can gh gks tk,axhaA

161

IkzkS|ksfxdh esa le`) ns'k tSo&izkS|ksfxdh dh ckjhd rduhdsa viukdj igys gh ekuo&dksf'kdkvksa] u,&u, Mh-,u-,- [k.M+ksa vkSj oa'kk.kqvksa rd dks isVs.V djus esa rfud Hkh ugha fgpfdpk jgsA ekuo Dyksafux ij rks vejhdk ikcanh yxk pqdk gS] ysfdu mldh rduhd dks isVs.V djkus okyksa ij mlus dksbZ ikcanh ugha yxkbZA ,sls le; esa ges v a iuh isVs.V&O;oLFkk esa oSlk gh ifjorZu ykuk gksxk] tSlk ijek.kq vuqla/kku vkSj varfj{k vuqla/kku esa yk;k x;k gSA vHkh gekjh lEiw.kZ isVs.V&O;oLFkk lM+s gq, ljdkjh ra= dh rjg vR;ar /kheh xfr ls jsax jgh gSA 30]000 ls vf/kd isVs.V vkosnu isVs.V ds n¶rj esa u tkus dc ls Qkbyksa esa iM+s ml fnu dk bartkj dj jgs gSa] tc mu ij QSlyk gksxkA m/kj phu us ,d xxupqach bekjr cukdj mlesa vR;ar vk/kqfudhd`r isVs.V&dk;kZy; cuk fy;k gSA bl rjg rks ge isVs.V ds fy, /kDde&/kDdk esa yxh nqfu;k dk dHkh Hkh eqdkcyk ugha dj ik,axsA lcls igys ;g t:jh gS fd bl dke esa vk/kqfud O;olk;&izca/k esa dq'ky ;qokvksa dks yxk;k tk, vkSj Hkkjrh; iz'kklu lsok ds mu ;FkkfLFkfrokfn;ksa ds paxqy ls isVs.V dk;kZy; dks eqDr fd;k tk,] ftUgsa gj eqÌs dks Vkyuk rks vkrk gS] mlls fuiVuk u rks vkrk gS vkSj u os lh[kuk pkgrs gSaA m/kj jktusrkvksa dks Hkh b/kj /;ku nsus dh QqlZr ugha gS vkSj oSKkfud vius vuqla/kku dks izdkf'kr djus ds ckn bfrJh djus dh iqjkuh ijaijk vkt Hkh fuHkk jgs gSaA tcfd if'peh ns'kksa esa vuqla/kku ls tks Hkh fudyk mls isVs.V djkus vkSj mlds O;kikjhdj.k ds fy, fdlh daiuh ls xBtksM+ djus ;k [kqn viuh daiuh [kksyus dh oSKkfudksa dks iwjh NwV gS vkSj mUgsa blds fy, izksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gSA blfy, vHkh bl ckr dh vko';drk gS fd lekt ds lHkh oxksZa esa isVs.V D;k gksrs gSa] nqfu;k ds cM+s ns'kksa ds isVs.V dkuwu D;k gSa] gekjk u;k isVs.V&dkuwu D;k gS] ubZ lw>&cw> djus okys mldk dSls Qk;nk mBk ldrs gSa] dksbZ isVs.V dkuwu rksM+s rks mldh ltk D;k gS] oxSjg reke ckrksa ds ckjs esa turk dks uhfr&fuekZrkvksa dks] jktusrkvksa dks] iz'kkldksa vkSj oSKkfudksa dks crk;k vkSj le>k;k tk,A ckSf)d lEink ds vf/kdkjksa dks ysdj iwjh nqfu;k esa Hkkjh cnyko vk;k gS vkSj vk jgk gSA if'pe esa rks oSKkfud vuqla/kku laLFkku Hkh ;k rks futh daaifu;ksa us [kjhn fy, gSa ;k fQj os [kqYye&[kqYyk mudh iwath ls mUgha ds fy, dke dj jgs gSaA blhfy, os ubZ isVs.V O;oLFkk ls iwjh rjg ifjfpr gSa vkSj mldk iwjk Qk;nk mBk jgs gSaA vf/kdrj laLFkkuksa us isVs.V dkuwu ds tkudkjksa dks lykgdkj ds rkSj ij fu;qDr dj fy;k gS ;k fQj dkuwuh lykg nsus okyh daifu;ksa dks Bsdk ns fn;k gSA os tc vuqla/kku esa lg;ksx ds fy, djkjukesa djrs gSa rks bl rjg dh 'krsZa ykxw djrs gSa fd lg;ksxh vuqla/kku ls dqN dke dh pht fudyh rks mldk os iwjk Qk;nk mBk;saA vDlj bl ckjs es fookn ds fuiVkjs ds fy, os vius ns'k dh vnkyrksa esa gh eqdnek pykus dh 'krZ j[krs gSa] ftls gekjs ukSdj'kkg fons'k ?kweus ds ykyp esa T;ksa dk R;ksa eku ysrs gSaA tcfd if'pe dh ,d ;wfuoflZVh vkWQ U;wtlhZ dk gh mnkgj.k ysa] rks :VxlZ esa fLFkr bl fo'ofo|ky; us vyx ls ,d 162

dk;kZy; cuk;k gS & ^dksiksZjsV fy,t+u ,.M VsDuksykWth VªkalQj* dkA blesa vfrfjDr deZpkjh fu;qDr fd, x, gSaA ;gka Ng yksx dke djrs gSa tks oSKkfudksa dks isVs.V ds vkosnu nsus esa enn djrs gSaA ,d vkSj vejhdh fo'ofo|ky; esa rks ykblsal&Qh vkSj jkW;YVh ls dekbZ dh bruh mEehn gS fd ogka nl oSKkfudksa ij ,d isVs.V fo'ks"kK fu;qDr fd;k x;k gSA dkSu lk Hkkjrh; fo'ofo|ky; ;k bf.M;u bULVhV~;wV vkWQ VsDuksyksth ,slk gS ftlus isVs.V ds fy, dksbZ odhy] ,MoksdsV ;k vVksuhZ fu;qDr fd;k gks\ 'kk;n ,d Hkh ughaA ukSdjh ls tqM+s eqdnes yM+us ds fy, tks dkuwu&,dka'k dqN oSKkfud laxBuksa esa cus gSa] os deZpkfj;ksa dh inksUufr] Hkz"Bkpkj vkSj isa'ku oxSjg ds eqdn~esa yM+us esa gh l{ke gSaA ckSf)d lEink ds vf/kdkj vkSj isVs.V ls mudk dksbZ ljksdkj ugha gSA m/kj phu us iwjs ns'k esa isVs.V&f'k{k.k ds fy, 1500 dsUnz [kksy fn, gSaA phu dk isVs.V dk;kZy; 23 eafty dh bekjr esa fLFkr gS vkSj iwjh rjg daI;wVjhd`r gSA Hkkjr dk isVs.V dk;kZy; fnYyh ds fdlh dksus esa fLFkr gS vkSj fdlh dLckbZ lsy VSDl ;k ,Dlkbt+ ds n¶rj tSlk gh /kwy [kkrh Qkbyksa ls ynk iM+k gSA foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx rFkk Hkkjrh; d`f"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn us îsVs.V QsflfyVsfVax lSy* [kksys rks gSa] ysfdu ;s îsVs.V lqfo/kk ,dka'k* fdruh lqfo/kk iznku djrs gksaxs] blesa lansg gSA D;k ;s fuxjkuh dj jgs gSa fd nqfu;k Hkj esa Hkkjrh; tSofofo/krk ls ;k ijaijkxr Kku ls tqM+s isVs.V dkSu&dgka ys jgk gS\ okf.kT; ea=ky; us 50 djksM+ :Ik;s dh jkf'k ls Hkkjrh; isVs.V dk;kZy; dks vk/kqfudhd`r djus dk QSlyk fd;k gSA ;g QSlyk Qkbyks als fudydj tc tehu rd igqapsxk rc rd rks gekjh gtkjksa phtsa] [kkstsa vkSj isM+&ikS/ks oxSjg nwljs ns'kksa esa isVs.V gks pqdsxsaA ;g /ku jkf'k phu ds eqdkcys ogka ds isVs.V dk;kZy; ds v/;{k ds ikaoksa ds /kwy Hkh ugha gSA Åij ls ge nqfu;k dk eqdkcyk djus dk cM+cksykiu trkus ls ugha pwdrsA fczVsu us blds fy, ,d uk;kc rjhdk viuk;k gS] tks cM+k lQy fl) gqvk gSA ,d varjkZ"Vªh; isVs.V ysus esa flQZ vkosnu&Ik= rS;kj djus vkSj mls nkf[ky djus esa 10]000 ls 20]000 Mkyj dk [kpkZ gksrk gSA fQj ml isVs.V dh j{kk ij isVs.V dh mez ds fglkc ls yxHkx 2]50]000 Mkyj vkSj j[k yhft,A blds fy, fczVsu dh ljdkj us vyx ls ,d daiuh ^fczfV'k VsDuksyksth xzqi* cuk yh FkhA bldk mÌs'; ;gh gS fd fczVsu esa dgha Hkh dksbZ ubZ izkS|ksfxdh fodflr gks rks mldk rqjar O;kikjhdj.k dj fy;k tk,A ;g daiuh u;h ugha gSA fiNys 50 o"kksZa ls ;gh dke dj jgh gSA blds ikl 9000 isVs.V gSaA tc irk fd;k rks 1300 vkfo"dkjksa ds isVs.V vkosnu vk, gq, FksA blus 470 ds djhc ykblsal le>kSrs dj j[ks FksA ;g varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij fczVsu] vejhdk vkSj tkiku eas fLFkr vius dk;kZy;ksa ls lkjk dke pykrh gSA gekjs ;gka ubZ fnYyh ds xzsVj dSyk'k esa VwVh&QwVh dkjksa dh ejEer vkSj vfuf/kd`r Msfj;ksa ds tkuojksa ds xkscj&ew= ls f?kjs te:niqj xkao ds ,d dksus esa dE;wfuVh lsaVj esa fLFkr ûs'kuy fjlpZ MsoyiesaV dksiksZjs'ku* oSKkfud 163

laLFkkvksa ls fudyh izkS|ksfxdh dks isVs.V djus dk dke djrk gS & fdlh Hkh vU; ljdkjh n¶rj dh rjgA bldk viuk dk;kZy; vyx ls cu jgk gS] u tkus dc lsA D;k bls ljdkj ubZ pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus yk;d <kapk [kM+k djus ds fy, Ik;kZIr iwath vkSj lqfo/kk,a rFkk Lora=rk nsxh\ gekjs laklnksa dks Hkh blesa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkuh gksxhA mnkgj.k ds fy, ;wjksi esa tc tSoizkS|ksfxdh ds u, vkfo"dkjksa ls uSfrd vkSj lkekftd iz'u mBs rks mu reke eqÌksa dks ;wjksi dh laln esa mBk;k x;kA mUgksus gh ^cksokbu xzksFk gkeksZu ¼ch th ,p½* vkSj ml ij ikcanh yxkbZA blesa dqN varjkZ"Vªh; laxBuksa us mudh enn dh is'kd'k dh rks os mudh lgk;rk ysus esa Hkh fgpds ughaA bu laklnksa dh igy dk iwjs fo'o esa vHkwriwoZ Lokxr gqvk vkSj iwjh nqfu;k ls fpfð;ksa] rkj vkSj Qksuksa dh >M+h yx xbZA lkalnksa ds ikl ;wjksih laln esa ^ch th ,p* dks Lohd`fr iznku djus ds izLrko dks jÌ djkus dk tks vkosnu Hkstk x;k Fkk] ml ij Hkkjr ds lqizfl) oSKkfud izks- ,e- ,l- LokfeukFku~ us Hkh gLRkk{kj fd, FksA Hkkjrh; laln esa dHkh foKku esa fnypLih j[kus okys lkalnksa us viuh lfefr cukbZ FkhA mls fQj ls cukus dh t:jr gS] rkfd oSKkfud eqÌkas ij lgh cgl gks lds vkSj foKku ls tqM+s uSfrd vkSj lkekftd iz'uksa dks laln esa lgh rkSj ij mBk;k tk ldsA

164

Hk kx pkj oYMZ VÂªsM vkWxZsukbts'ku & ;kuh xyr O;kikj laxBu

165

10 + vejhdk dh nknkfxjh fo'o O;kikj laxBu dk rhljk eaf=Lrjh; lEesyu fl,Vy esa gks jgk FkkA blds 'kq: gksus ds nks fnu ckn dh ckr gS fd bldk fojks/k djus okys izn'kZudkfj;ksa dks frrj&fcrj djus ds fy, iqfyl us mu ij vkalw xSl ds xksys cjlkus 'kq: fd,A ml le; dksbZ vk/kh jkr dk oDr jgk gksxkA eSa ogka dSihVy fgy esa fLFkr vius gksVy dh vksj okil tk jgk FkkA eSaus 'kgj dh ,d pDdjnkj xyh dk jkLrk idM+k rks mlls ckgj vkrs gh eSa Hkh iqfyl dk;Zokgh ds chp tk igqapkA vf/kdrj izn'kZudkjh fd'kksjo; ds FksA os vkalw xSl ds rh[ks /kqa, ls cpus ds fy, b/kj&m/kj Hkkx jgs FksA tSls gh eSa ihNs gVk bl iwjs n`'; dks dSejs esa dSn djrs ,d Vh oh dSejs dh tn esa vk x;kA mUgksusa ,d fons'kh izfrfuf/k ds :Ik esa esjh jk; tkuuh pkgh rks eSaus dgk Fkk fd ^;gka lM+d ij bu csdlwj fd'kksjksa vkSj vU; 'kkafriw.kZ izn'kZudkfj;ksa dh vkokt ?kksaVus esa vejhdk viuh ckagsa ejksM+us dh nknkxhjh fn[kk jgk gS vkSj m/kj gkWy ds vanj vejhdh ukSdj'kkg fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh vkokt nckus esa viuk ncnck cuk;s gq, gSaA* pkj fnu rd ogka eSa fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds HkkX; dks b/kj&ls&m/kj >wyrk ns[krk jgkA fdl rjg varjkZ"Vªh; lEesyuksa esa jktuhfrd nkaoisap pyrs gSa] fdl rjg ^vkxs xktj yVdkus vkSj ihNs ls M+aMk QVdkjus* dh uhfr viukbZ tkrh gS] vkSj fdl rjg vejhdh O;kikj izfrfuf/k viuh /kkSal tekrs gSa] ;g lc ns[kdj eSa nax jg x;kA vejhfd;ksa dk vgadkj vkleku ij FkkA ekuksa lkjh nqfu;k mudh psyh gks] ftls os pkgs tSls gkad ldrs gSaA ftls ,d ^vkfFkZd igy* dgk tk jgk Fkk] og vejhdh ncko ds pyrs ,d etkd cu dj jg xbZA ^eqDr O;kikj* ds uke Ikj vejhdk cl viuh euekuh euokuk pkgrk FkkA vejhdh fgrksa ds lkFk gh vks bZ lh Mh & ^vkWxZsukbts+'ku QkWj bdksuksfed dksvksijs'ku ,.M MsoyiesaV* ds lnL; ns'kksa ds fgrksa dh j{kk djuk gh bl lEesyu dk mÌs'; FkkA ckgj lM+d ij Hkkjh fojks/k izn'kZu ds ckotwn vxj vanj fojks/k dh vkoktsa u mBrha rks okrkZvksa dk ;g lglzkCnh nkSj ftl mÌs'; ls 'kq: fd;k x;k Fkk] og iwjk dj fy;k tkrkA ysfdu ckgj vkSj Hkhrj nksuska vksj ls mBs fojks/k us vejhdk dh lkft'k ij ikuh Qsj fn;k vkSj fodflr ns'kksa ds reke nkaoisap /kjs jg x,A

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gkykafd dksf'k'k iwjh dh xbZA ^,d ns'k dk ,d er* dh turkaf=d iz.kkyh jÌh dh Vksdjh esa Qsad nh xbZA fo'ks"k d{k esa vyx ys tkdj fopkj&foe'kZ ds uke ij fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds xfrfof/k;ksa dks /kedk;k x;k vkSj fQj mudh ^lgefr*] tks ^ofdZax xzqi* cuk, x, Fks] mUgsa lkSai nh xbZA mnkgj.k ds fy, jkr ukS cts 20 ns'kksa dks fuea=.k feyk fd ^xzhu :e* esa O;kikj laca/kh ckSf)d lEink ds vf/kdkjksa ij ppkZ dh tk,xhA blds nks ?kaVs ckn buesa ls nl ns'k ,d gksVy esa bdðs gq,A bu ns'kksa esa Hkkjr] ikfdLrku vkSj bZftIV Hkh 'kkfey FksA vk/kh jkr nks cts ds djhc ;g irk pyk fd fdlh rjg dh lgefr gks xbZ gSA tgka vejhdk ;g eku x;k fd cklerh pkoy vkSj nkftZfyax pk; ds ekeys es aHkkSxksfyd lhek dk rdZ Lohdkj djds bu ij isVs.V ds nkos dks NksM+ nsxk] ogha cnys esa mlus tSoizkS|ksfxdh ij ,d ^ofdZax xzqi* cukus dh Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku ls lgefr ys yhA bl ckr ls vQzhdh ns'k [kQk gks x,A gksus gh FksA vQzhdk ds fdlh Hkh ns'k dks bl ^xzhu&:e ppkZ* esa 'kkfey gh ugha fd;k x;kA buesa ls fdlh dks fueaf=r ugha fd;k x;kA bl vlarks"k dh vkx esa rc vkSj Hkh ?kh iM+ x;k] tc ^Mc~Y;w Vh vks* ds v/;{k ekbd ewj us Hkh dksbZ nks ntZu ns'kksa ls xzhu&:e ppkZ vyx ls dhaA bl esa Hkkjr dks rks 'kkfey fd;k x;k Fkk] exj vQzhdk dk dksbZ Hkh ns'k ugha cqyk;k x;kA ^lglzkCnh nkSj* dk ,sts.Mk r; djuk bl ppkZ dk mÌs'; FkkA cl fQj D;k Fkk vQzhdh ns'kksa us vius egk}hi ds ns'kksa lfgr dksbZ ,d lkS ns'kksa ls bl Hksn&Hkko dk fojks/k ntZ djk MkykA mUgksasus bl lEesyu dk cfg"dkj djus dh /kedh Hkh ns MkyhA bl rjg Hkys gh xjhc jgs gksa] ysfdu vQzhdh ns'kksa us bruh fgEer rks fn[kkbZ fd bl lnh dh lcls cM+h O;kikj&okrkZ foQy dj nhA blls igys vejhdk vkSj dukMk us ,d izLrko is'k fd;k ftlesa thfu;kxjh ls rS;kj ijkthuh Qlyksa dks d`f"k laca/kh le>kSrs esa 'kkfey djus ds fy, tSo izkS+|ksfxdh ij ,d ofdZax xzqi vyx ls cukus dk lq>ko fn;k x;k FkkA bldk eryc ;g gksrk fd lnL; ns'kksa dks ijkthuh Qlysa vkSj muls cus [kk| inkFkZ Lohdkj djus iM+rsA nwljs fnu ;g Li"V gks x;k fd vejhdk vkSj dukMk ds bl izLrko dk de ls de ikap ;wjksih ns'k fojks/k dj jgs gSaA ,d fnu ckn bu fojks/kh ;wjksih ns'kksa dh la[;k ,d ntZu gks xbZ A ysfdu ets dh ckr ;g fd ;wjksih la?k ftldk iz'kklfud fu;a=.k Fkk] og igys ck;ksVsDuksyksth ij vyx ls ofdZax xzqi cukus ds Ik{k esa FkkA bl rjg ogka dh ukSdj'kkgh us Hkh tSoizkS|ksfxdh ds iz'u ij ;wjksi dks ckaVus dh Hkjiwj dksf'k'k dhA Lo;a ;wjksi vius ;gka fdlkuksa dks nh tkus okyh lfClMh esa fdlh Hkh izdkj dh dVkSrh djus ds fy, rS;kj ugha FkkA bl ds fy, mlus ,d cgqeq[kh izLrko j[kk ftlesa Ik;kZoj.k vkSj oU;thou dh j{kk ds fy, d`f"k ij lfClMh tkjh j[kus dk rdZ fn;k x;k FkkA b/kj vejhdk ;g rks pkgrk Fkk fd ;wjksih ns'k fdlkuksa dks nh 167

tk jgh lfClMh esa dVkSrh djsa ysfdu [kqn 6 vjc Mkyj dk fdlkuksa dks ^,DliksVZ dzsfMV* nsuk okftc Bgjkrk jgk vkSj mls fdlkuksa dh lfClMh ekuk tk,] ,slh nyhy nsrk jgkA bl rjg ;g rks lkQ gks x;k fd fo'o O;kikj esa fo"kerk iSnk djus okyh d`f"k&lfClMh esa u rks ;wjksih la?k dksbZ dVkSrh djuk pkgrk Fkk vkSj u vejhdk] ysfdu fo'o cSad ds ek/;e ls Hkkjr tSls fodkl'khy ns'kksa ij mudk ncko cjkcj cuk jgkA ;s ns'k fdlkuksa dks nh th jgh lfClMh esa dVkSrh djsaA vejhdk vkSj ;wjksi fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds cktkjksa esa viuh igqap cukus ds fy, vk;kfrr oLrqvksa ij ls ^ek=kRed izfrca/k* gVkus ij Hkh cy nsrs jgsA fl,Vy ds rek'ks esa ,d rek'kk ;g Hkh gqvk fd Hkkjr fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds usrk ds :Ik esa mHkjuk pkfg, Fkk] ysfdu og ekSdk Hkkjr pwd x;kA vius HkkSxksfyd vkdkj vkSj fo'kky cktkj dh n`f"V ls Hkkjr dh fLFkfr cM+h csfelky gSA ysfdu ogka Hkkjr vejhdk dk [kqydj fojks/k ugha dj ik;k] cfYd vejhdh fopkjksa ls viuh lgefr trkrk jgkA rRdkyhu vejhdh jk"Vªifr fcy fDyaVu us 'kk;n ;gh lkspdj Hkkjrh; okf.kT; ea=h eqjklksyh ekju dks 135 ns'kksa ds okf.kT; eaf=;ksa dks fn, x, yap esa mlh Vscy ij fcBk;k ftl ij os [kqn cSBs FksA bl rjg fo'o O;kikj laxBu dk ;g ^feysfu;e jkm.M* vlQy rks jgk ysfdu blus Hkkjr ds nCcwiu dks Hkh mtkxj dj fn;kA blls igys okrkZvksa ds ^m:Xos nkSj* esa vkSj bl ^fl,Vy nkSj* esa Hkkjr us vius vkfFkZd fgrksa dh j{kk dk dksbZ iz;kl ugha fd;kA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ckgj dh lLrh phtsa vkSj vukt Hkkjr esa iVds tkus ls fdlh dks dksbZ xqjst ugha gSaA tks Hkh Hkkjr ds eapksa ij 'ksj tSls ngkM+rs gSa] ogh yksx bu varjkZ"Vªh; okrkZvksa esa nqe nckrs ;k fQj ftl&frl vehj ns'k ds vf/kdkfj;ksa ds ihNs nqe fgykrs utj vkrs gSaA tks Hkh ljdkjh vf/kdkjh bu okrkZvksa esa Hkkx ysus tkrs gSa] mUgsa fdlh varjkZ"Vªh; laxBu esa dksbZ Hkh in gkfly djus dh T;knk fpark jgrh gS vkSj ,sls ekSdksa dks os futh LokFkksZa ds fy, Hkqukus ds fy, T;knk cSpsu fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA ;g ckr nwljs ns'kksa dks t:j v[kjh gksxh] rHkh rks vc os fdlh Hkh ekeys esa Hkkjr dks viuk usrk ugha ekursA fl,Vy esa Hkkjrh; n`f"Vdks.k ogh Fkk] tks Hkkjrh; m|ksx ds fgrksa dh j{kk ds fy, cukbzZ xbZ ^lh vkb vkbZ*] ^fQDdh* rFkk ^,lkspSe* tSlh laLFkkvksa dk jgk gSA d`f"k dks rks cfy dh cdjh cuk fn;k x;kA cl Hkkjrh; m|ksx dk tks Hkh dqN cp jgk gS] mls cpkus dh t:j dksf'k'k dh xbZaA mnkgj.k ds fy, ;wjksih la?k us ;g eku fy;k fd vxj Hkkjr ;wjksi ds d`f"k ij lfClMh tkjh j[kus ds cgqeq[kh izLrko dks Lohdkj dj ys vkSj ;wjksih fdlkuksa dks lfClMh nsus ij dksbZ ,srjkt u djs rks ;wjksih la?k ds ns'k Hkkjr ls phuh ds vk;kr ij ^bEiksVZ M~;wVh* esa dVkSrh djus ij cy ugha nsaxsaA ysfdu tgka rd fo'o O;kikj laxBu dk loky gS og fl,Vy nkSj dh foQyrk ls t:j {kqC/k Fkk D;ksafd iwjh nqfu;k dks ;g yxk fd ;g foQyrk Mc~Y;w Vh vks ds 168

rkcwr esa Bksadh xbZ igyh dhy lkfcr gksxh vxys nkSj Hkh blh rjg foQy gksrs jgs rks ,d fnu iwjh nqfu;k Mc~Y;w Vh vks dks cpkus ds vehj ns'kksa ds gj rjg ds iz;kl ds ckotwn ,d fnu Mc~Y;w Vh vks dks nQuk nsxhA bls igpkudj vehj ns'k fQj ls jktuhfrd vkfFkZd ekspsZcanh ij mrk: gks ldrs gSaA bl ckj ;g fcy T;knk [krjukd gks ldrk gSA bls Hkkaidj Hkkjr dks Hkh vius iSarjs cnyus gksaxs] rkfd bu [krjukd [ksyksa esa Hkkjr ekr u [kk tk;sA blh rjg ^flfoy lkslkbVh* dks viuk la?k"kZ vkSj Hkh rh[kk cukrs gq, lh/ks varjkZ"Vªh; lHkkd{kksa esa ys tkuk gksxkA LoSfPNd laxBu iwjh nqfu;k esa turk dh vkokt cqyan dj jgs gSa vkSj rhljh nqfu;k ds fgrksa dh j{kk esa os bu ns'kksa dh ljdkjksa ls vf/kd vkxs gSA vc mUgsa vius vkStkj vkSj Hkh iSukdj] rst vkSj /kkjnkj djus gksaxs rkfd fo'o O;kikj laxBu ds da/kksa ij p<+dj vehj ns'k vius fu'kkus u lk/k ik;saA fo'o&Lrj ij ;g rks Li"V gks x;k gS fd dksbZ Hkh tu&fojks/kh izLrko Ikkfjr djkuk dfBu gksxkA turk dh vkokt cqyan djus okys blds fy, viuh tku ij [ksyus dks rS;kj gSaA vkSj Mc~Y;w Vh vks Hkh bldk viokn ugha gSA og tc rd vehj ns'kksa ds b'kkjksa ij ukprk jgsxk] mldk fojks/k tkjh jgsxkA blesa vc tjk Hkh 'kd dh xqatkb'k ugha gS fd Mc~Y;w Vh vks dh gj pky ukSdj'kkgksa vkSj fu;ks&Dykfld vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa }kjk bl rjg pyh tkrh gS fd cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dks Qk;nk igqaps vkSj dksiksZjsV txr ykHkkfUor gksA nqHkkZX; ls fo'o ,d ,sls nkSj esa igqap x;k gS] tc fcuk fdlh viokn ds lHkh ljdkjsa dsoy m|ksxksa dh fgr&j{kd cu x;h gSaA bl rjg xjhc vkSj Hkw[ks fQj gkf'k, ij Qsads tk jgs gSaA fl,Vy esa bl lEesyu dk fojks/k djus okys izn'kZudkjh ogka dh lM+dksa ij ,d r[rh fy, ?kwers Fk]s ftl ij fy[kk Fkk ^Mc~Y;w Vh vks bt , jksax VªsM vkWxZsukbZts'ku*A blesa dksbZ lansg ugha gS fd Mc~Y;w Vh vks okLro es xyr O;kikj laxBu gSA

vejhdk dh nwljh yM+kbZ vQxkfuLrku ij vejhdh geyk ftl ?kksf"kr y{; ls fd;k x;k Fkk] og Hkys gh iwjk u gqvk gks] ysfdu [kk|kUu ds ekeys esa lcls cM+k cuus dh mldh yM+kbZ cjkcj tkjh gSA ftl rjg vQxkfuLrku esa yknsu dks idM+us dk y{; iwjk ugha gqvk] mlh rjg [kk|kUUk ds ekeys esa nqfu;k esa lcls vOoy gksus dk vejhdh liuk Hkh e`x&ejhfpdk lkfcr gks jgk gSA ysfdu O;kikj ds ekspsZ ij vejhdk dh ;g nwljh yM+kbZ fujarj py jgh gSA m/kj rks vejhdk] ;wjksih la?k vkSj ds;uZ~l xzqi feydj fo'o ds lcls cM+s [kk|&fu;kZrd cuus dh vksj vxzlj gSa] vkSj b/kj fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa dksbZ Ms<+ vjc NksVs vkSj lhekar fdlku vius vfLrRo dh yM+kbZ yM+ jgs gSaA [kk|kUu Hkfo"; esa fo'o dk lcls cM+k vL= cuus tk jgk gS vkSj b/kj nqfu;k ds vf/kdrj ns'kksa esa [kk|kUu esa vkRefuHkZjrk ls vk;h vkfFkZd Lora=rk ij [krjk eaMjk jgk gSA ;g ^la?k"kZ* eq[;r% fodflr vkSj fodkl'khy ns'kksa 169

ds chp rks py gh jgk gSA lkFk gh ;g ;q) vkS|ksfxd d`f"k vkSj [kk|&lqj{kk] vfHkewfY;r O;atuksa vkSj c<+rh Hkw[k ds chp Hkh tkjh gSA blds fy, vejhdk ns'kksa ds ckag ejksM+us] mu ij vka[ksa rjsjus rFkk mUgs /kedkus ls Hkh ckt ugha vk jgkA fiNys dqN le; esa vejhdk thukarfjr [kk|ksa vkSj ijkthuh Qlyksa ds vk;kr ij ikcanh yxkus okys dbZ ns'kksa dks O;kikfjd izfrca/k yxkus dh /kefd;ka ns pqdk gSA bu ns'kksa esa Jh yadk] eSfDldks vkSj FkkbySaM ds ckjs es lcdks irk gS fd mUgssa bl rjg dh /kefd;ka feyh gSaA ;gh ugha vejhdk us phu dks Hkh /kedh ns Mkyh fd og lks;kchu ds vk;kr ij vuqfpr jksd yxk jgk gSA bl rjg dh jksd yxus ls vejhdh lks;kchu&mRikndksa dks yxHkx 7 vjc Mkyj dk uqdlku gksxkA bl uqdlku ds fy, phu ij vkjksi yxkrs gq, vejhdk us nyhy nh fd laxjks/k ¼DoSjaVhu½ vkSj fujh{k.k laca/kh izfdz;k dks phu ^bruk dM+k cuk jgk gS fd fo'o O;kikj laxBu dk lnL; cuus ds ckn phu bl rjg dk #[k ugha viuk ldrkA* d`f"k vkSj [kk|kUu dk fo'o es aftruk fu;kZr fd;k tkrk gS] mlds 35 izfr'kr fo'o&O;kikj ij vejhdk vkSj ;wjksih la?k dk dCtk gSA ds;uZ~l xqzi esa [kk|kUu dk fu;kZr djus okys 18 ns'k 'kkfey gSaA bl rjg bu rhuksa lewgksa us d`f"k ds fo'oO;kikj dk yxHkx ,d frgkbZ fgLlk vkSj [kk|&O;kikj dk nks&frgkbZ fgLlk gfFk;k fy;k gSA vxj blesa fo'o ds lcls /kuh O;kikfjd ns'kksa ds lewg ^vks- bZ- lhMh-* dks Hkh 'kkfey dj nsa rks d`f"k vkSj [kk|&O;kikj esa vehj ns'kksa dk opZLo fl) gks tkrk gSA ysfdu fo'o ds lcls cM+s d`f"k vkSj [kk|&O;kikjh gksus ds ckotwn bu ns'kksa ds ykyp dk dksbZ var ugha gS vkSj vius ;gka ds Qkyrw vukt vkSj vU; d`f"k&mRiknksa dks fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds cktkjksa esa iVdus ds fy, os cjkcj gkFk&ikao ekjrs jgrs gSaA ;g rHkh gks ldrk gS] tc dqN ns'kksa dh [kk|kUu esa vkRe fuHkZjrk lekIr gks tk,A ysfdu vehj ns'kksa dk fdlkuksa dks Hkkjh lfClMh nsdj fu;kZr ds fy, lLrs nkeksa ij rS;kj eky fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa rHkh cspk tk ldsxk] tc fo'o&O;kikj ds fu;eksa esa bl rjg <hy nh tk,] rkfd [kk|&fu;kZrd ns'kksa ds fgrksa dh j{kk gksA ;gh dkj.k gS fd fo'o O;kikj laxBu ¼MCY;w- Vh- vks-½ ds d`f"k le>kSrs esa viuh euethZ ls Qsjcny ykus dh dksf'k'k djds [kk| fu;kZrd ns'k fodkl'khy ns'kksa dks pkjksa [kkus fpr djus ds tqxkM+ esa tqVs jgrs gSaA fiNys 15 lkyksa esa vejhdh fu;kZr dks nqxuk c<+kus esa O;kikj laca/kh bl mnkjhdj.k dk vkSj fo'o O;kikj eas <kapkxr ifjorZuksa dk cM+k ;ksx jgk gSA lu~ 2001 esa vejhdk dk d`f"k ,oa [kk| O;kikj 53-5 vjc Mkyj rd igqapus dk vuqeku gSA blh rjg ;wjksih la?k us bl {ks= esa viuh izxfr 13-5 izfr'kr ls c<+kdj 17 izfr'kr ij igqapk nh gSA fQj Hkh bUgsa larks"k ugha gS vkSj MCY;w- Vh- vksds tfj, fodkl'khy ns'kksa ij Hkkjh ncko cuk, gq, gSa fd os [kk|kUu laca/kh fu;kZrksa ij ls ek=kRed izfrca/k gVk nsaA 170

,f'k;k vkSj nf{k.k iwoZ ,f'k;k esa 60 djksM+ u;k miHkksDrk&oxZ rS;kj gqvk gS] ftl ij vejhdk dh fx) n`f"V yxh gSA blh rjg ykfruh vejhdk vkSj e/; vejhdk esa 40 djksM+ ds yxHkx miHkksDrkvksa dh tsc vejhdk dkVuk pkgrk gSA fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds bl 1 vjc ds djhc e/;oxZ dh [kk|&lqj{kk dks vejhdk viuh eqëh esa djus ds fy, cspSu gSA fQj Hkys gh bu ns'kksa esa [kk|&mRiknd vkSj fdlku viuh thfodk ds bl ,dek= lk/ku ls oafpr gks tk,aA ,d ckj vius [kk|kUu ds fy, ;s fodkl'khy ns'k vehj ns'kksa ij fuHkZj gks x, rks le>ks [kk|kUu esa opZLo dk ;g egk;q) mUgksaus thr fy;kA [kk| vkSj d`f"k {ks= esa ,slh 'kkunkj thr gkfly djus ds fy, fdlkuksa dks Hkkjh foRrh; lgk;rk dh t+:jr gSA vejhdk blhfy, vius fdlkuksa dks gj lky 54 vjc Mkyj dh lfClMh nsrk gSA blh rjg ;wjksih la?k ds lHkh ns'k feydj fdlkuksa dks izfro"kZ yxHkx 114-5 vjc Mkyj dh lfClMh lu~ 1999 esa ns jgs FksA vks- bZlh- Mh ns'kksa dh lfClMh rks 1 vjc Mkyj izfrfnu ds cjkcj cSBrh gSA ;gh ugha os VSjhQ&izfrca/k vkSj xSj&VSfjQ izfrca/k yxkdj rFkk lkQ&lQkbZ vkSj ikS/k&LoPNrk ¼QkbVkslSfuVjh½ dh vU;k;iw.kZ 'krsZa yxkdj fodkl'khy ns'kksa ls d`f"k vkSj [kk| ds fo'o&O;kikj esa rjg&rjg dh vU;k;iw.kZ #dkoVsa Hkh Mkyrs gSaA MCY;w- Vh- vks- usa lfClMh ?kVkus dh 'krsZa yxkbZ gSa] tc fd vejhdk vius ;gka fdlkuksa dh lfClMh ?kVkus dh ctk; nqfu;k esa lcls vf/kd lfClMh nsus okyk ns'k cuus okyk gSA m/kj ckSf)d lEink ds vf/kdkj ykxw djds d`f"k&vuqla/kku ij Hkh fu;a=.k dk "kM;a= py jgk gSA vxys 10 lkyksa esa vejhdh d`f"k dks nh tkus okyh lfClMh 170 vjc Mkyj rd c<+kus dk ,d fcy vejhdh laln esa fopkjk/khu gSA ;wjksih la?k O;kikj esa mnkjhdj.k dk lcls cM+k i{k/kj gS] ysfdu blus Lo;a ^dkWeu ,xzhdYpqjy ikWfylh* ds tfj, vius d`f"k&{ks= dh fdyscanh ds iwjs bartke dj fy, gSaA bl lk>h d`f"k uhfr ds tfj, ;wjksih la?k us viuh d`f"k dks fo'o dh lcls vf/kd ljdkjh fj;k;rsa ikus okyh cuk fn;k gSA bl rjg ls ;wjksih la?k nqeqagh uhfr viuk dj fodkl'khy ns'kksa dks vius cktkj [kksyus vkSj fdlkuksa dks nh tkus okyh lfClMh [kRe djus ds fy, etcwj djuk pkgrk gSA vejhdk fons'k d`f"k lsok dh izHkkjh iz'kkld eSVh 'kkiZySl bruh rst gS fd vejhdh d`f"k foHkkx dh bl vf/kdkjh us lhusV dh d`f"k lfefr ds lkeus vius Hkk"k.k esa dgk fd ^^Mkyj ls Mkyj esa ukisa rks vejhdk bLikr ls T;knk ekal] lkSan;z izlk/kuksa ls vf/kd eDdk] dks;ys ls vf/kd xsgwa] eksVjcksVksa ls vf/kd fcLdqV vkSj dsd rFkk ?kjsyw midj.kksa ls vf/kd Qy&lfCt;ka fu;kZr djrk gSA** mlus crk;k fd vejhdh vFkZO;oLFkk ds mu dqNsd {ks=ksa esa d`f"k Hkh 'kkfey gS tks blds O;kikfjd larqyu dk iyM+k Hkkjh djrs gSaA lu~ 2001 esa vejhdk us ;g y{; j[kk Fkk fd og viuh xsgwa dh Qly dk 53 izfr'kr] dikl dk 47 izfr'kr] pkoy dk 171

42 izfr'kr] lks;kchu dk 35 izfr'kr vkSj eDdk dk 21 izfr'kr fu;kZr djsxkA ;g Hkkjh lfClMh dh cnkSyr vkSj fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa fu;kZr dh O;kikfjd ck/kk,a vkSj ek=kRed izfrca/k gVk ysus ds dkj.k gh laHko gks ik;kA nwljh vksj fodkl'khy ns'kksa ls MCY;w- Vh- vks- dg jgk gS fd fdlkuksa dks lfClMh nsus dks ^vuq'kkflr* djksA gkykafd MCY;w- Vh- vksds d`f"k&le>kSrs ds rgr ;s ns'k fdlkuksa dks 10 izfr'kr rd lfClMh ns ldrs gSa] ysfdu vf/kdrj fodkl'khy ns'kksa us cgdkos esa vkdj fdlkuksa dks lfClM+h nsuk can gh dj fn;k gSA lkFk gh d`f"k&izlkj dh lqfo/kk,a Hkh BIi dj nh gSaA Hkkjr esa 11 djksM+ tksr gSa vkSj mUgsa o"kZ Hkj esa eqf'dy ls 1 vjc Mkyj dh lfClMh nh tkrh gSA ysfdu ;g xjhcksa dks lLrk vukt nsus vkSj fdlkuksa dks lLrh fctyh vkSj ikuh rFkk moZjd vkfn ij nh tkus okyh lfClMh ?kVkus ds fy, rS;kj cSBk gSA MCY;w- Vh- vksus nks lky ckn dh rkjh[k r; dh Fkh] ysfdu vejhdk us ncko Mkydj nks lky igys gh reke d`f"k ftalksa ds fu;kZr ij Hkkjr esa yxs ek=kRed izfrca/k gVok fy,A bl rjg vejhdk ds ncko esa vkus dk urhtk D;k gksxk\ Hkkjr tSls [kk|kUu esa vkRefuHkZj gh ugha cfYd [kk|&fu;kZrd ns'k varr% [kk|&vk;krd cu tk,axs vkSj [kk|kUu esa opZLo dk rkt vejhdk vkSj ;wjksih la?k ds flj ij ltsxkA blds fy, fo'o&O;kikj ds fu;e rkM+s&ejksM+s tk jgs gSa vkSj fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa fodflr ns'kksa dk [kk|kUu tcjnLrh iVdk tk jgk gSA Åij ls ;s vehj ns'k fn[kkrs ,slk gS ekuks bUgsa nqfu;k ds Hkw[ks vkSj xjhcksa dh Hkkjh fpark gksA d`f"k fodkl ds fy, ;s u,&u, ukjs x<+rs gSa] ftudk fu'kkuk ;gh gksrk gS fd [ksrh djuk NksVs vkSj lhekar fdlkuksa ds cwrs dk u jg tk,A ^fizlhtu QkfeZax* ;kuh ^;qfDr;qDr d`f"k* ,slk gh ukjk gS ftlesa uik&rqyk cht] uik&rqyk moZjd] uik&rqyk ikuh rFkk ckdh lc dqN Hkh fcydqy uik&rqyk gksuk pkfg,A bldk eryc gS ^gkbZVSd ,xzhdYpj* tks cM+h&cM+h daifu;ka gh dj ldrh gSa] fdlkuksa ds o'k dk rks gS ughaA gekjh ukSdj'kkgh cM+s ns'kksas ds >kals esa vkdj [kk|kUu esa Hkkjr dh vkRe&fuHkZjrk dks xaokus vkSj Hkkjr ds etcwr d`f"k&vuqla/kku rFkk fodkl ra= dks rksM+us ij vkeknk gSA os ^fizlhtu QkfeZax* dks ,dek= i;kZoj.k fgrS"kh d`f"k&i)fr crk jgs gSa tks iwjh nqfu;k dk fVdkÅ [ksrh ls isV Hkj ldsxhA vkSj fodkl'khy ns'k Hkh ;gh eku cSBs rks [kk|kUu esa vkRefuHkZjrk bu lHkh ns'kksa ds fy, fnok&LoIu cu tk,xkA

fo'o&jktuhfr dk f'kdkj tc Hkkjr us lu~ 1998 esa iks[kj.k esa ijek.kq&ijh{k.k fd;k Fkk rks Hkkjr Hkj esa vkfFkZd izfrca/k yxkus esa vejhdk us rfud Hkh nsj ugha yxkbZA bu izfrca/kksa ds lkFk gh vejhdk us Hkkjr dh 200 dEifu;ksa ij vejhdk dks dqN Hkh fu;kZr djus ij jksd yxkA ;g rks rc gqvk tc iz/kkuea=h ds fo'ks"k izfrfuf/k Jh tloar flag vkSj rRdkyhu vejhdh miea=h LVªksc VkycksV ds chp bl ckjs esa dh xbZ okrkZ dks lQy crk;k x;k FkkA vly esa nwljh lwph rc tkjh dh xbZ] tc Hkkjr ,d ,sls 172

{ks= esa cnys dh dk;Zokgh djus ls pwd x;k] tks vejhdk dks cM+k Hkkjh iM+rk vkSj og {ks= gS] d`f"kA tc Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku nksuksa ns'kksa ij buds ijek.kq ijh{k.kksa ds ckn rRdkyhu vejhdh jk"Vªifr Jh fcy fDy.Vu us vkfFkZd izfrca/k yxk;s Fks] rks bu izfrca/kksa ls mUgksaus d`f"k laca/kh fu;kZr vkSj _.k oxSjg dks ckgj j[kk FkkA ;g u lksfp, fd mUgksaus ,slk fdlh ekuoh; Hkkouk ls izsfjr gksdj fd;k FkkA vejhdk dk 'kk;n gh dksbZ dne ekuoh; Hkkouk ls iszfjr gksrk gSA mlds gj dne ds ihNs ,d gh Hkkouk gksrh gS] ykyp & viuk mYyw lh/kk djukA Hkkjrh; d`f"k dks izfrca/kksa ls ckgj j[kus dk ,d gh eryc Fkk fd vejhdk viuh lLrh d`f"k&oLrqvksa dks Hkkjrh; cktkjksa esa cspus dk fodYi [kqyk j[ksA blds lkFk gh vejhdk us Hkkjr ij lhVhchVh& dksEizhgsaflo VSLV cSu VªhVh & ij gLrk{kj djus dk Hkh ncko MkykA bl le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj djus ds ckn Hkkjr ds fy, ijek.kq&ijh{k.k djuk eqf'dy gks tkrkA gkykafd [kqn vejhdk bl le>kSrs dk laLFkkid gksus ds ckn Hkh ijek.kq ijh{k.k djrk jgk gSA bl ckjs esa okrkZ,a pyrh jghsa vkSj Hkkjr us ;g ?kksf"kr dj j[kk Fkk fd og lhVhchVh ij gLrk{kj ugha djsxk] ysfdu vejhdk ls izfrca/k gVkus ds fy, dqN ugha dgk] cfYd dqN ,slh dksf'k'ksa djrk jgk fd fdlh rjg vejhdk dh ukjkt+h de gks tk;sA ,d ifjiDo izkS<+ ns'k ds :i esa O;ogkj djuk vkSj flj Åapk djds ckr djuk gekjk ns'k irk ugha dc lh[ksxkA m/kj phu dks nsf[k, fd tc ijek.kq&ijh{k.kksa ls ukjkt+ gksdj vejhdk us phu ij izfrca/k yxk;s rks bl vkfFkZd ukdscanh dk eqagrksM+ tokc nsrs gq, phu us Hkh dksbZ 40 phuh oLrqvksa vkSj ftalksa ij vejhdh izfrca/k dk tokc nsrs gq, 40 vejhdh oLrqvksa vkSj ftalksa dk phu ls O;kikj djus ij ikcanh Bksad nhA irk ugha Hkkjr D;ksa vius dks bruk x;k&xqt+jk le>rk gS fd vejhdk dh t+jk&lh ?kqM+dh ds lkeus QkSju ?kqVus Vsd nsrk gSA geus mudh fpduh&pqiM+h ckrksa esa vkdj reke d`f"k oLrqvksa vkSj ftalksa ds fy, Hkkjr ds ckt+kj [kksydj Hkkjh xyrh dh gSA ;g rc fd;k x;k tc iz/kkuea=h Jh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h U;w;kdZ dh ;k=k ij tkus okys FksA bl ;k=k ls Bhd igys d`f"k&vk;kr ij ls ek=kRed izfrca/k gVk fy, x,A vc vejhdk vkSj vkLVªsfy;k tSls reke ns'k pkgsa rks vius Qy&lfCt;ka gekjs ns'k esa Hkstsa vkSj pkgs xsgaw pkoy vkSj lks;kchu& gesa t:jr gks u gks] lcdk Lokxr gSA fQj bu phtksa ds vkus ls Hkys gh gekjs fdlkuksa dh dej VwVsA nw/k vkSj nw/k ds mRikn Hkh bl lwph esa 'kkfey gksus okys gSa] rkfd vejhdk vkSj ;wjksi ds ns'k vius Qkyrw nqX/k&mRikn Hkh gekjs cktkjksa esa iVd ldsaA ;g lc vejhdk dh ,d nwjxkeh O;kikfjd uhfr ds v/khu fd;k tk jgk gSA lu~ 1988 esa gh vejhdk us nqfu;k esa ,sls 13 ns'k NkaV fy, Fks] tgkWa d`f"k&oLrq,a fu;kZr djus ds fy, ckt+kj [kqyokus ij mls tksj&'kksj ls iz;kl djus Fks vkSj vxj

173

vejhdh izfrca/k yxs jgrs vkSj geus viuh vksj ls tokch izfrca/k yxk fn, gksrs rks nqfu;k dk lcls cM+k ckt+kj vejhdk ds gkFk ls fudy tkrkA vejhdh laln dh d`f"k&lfefr ds lkeus rRdkyhu fo'ks"k vejhdh jktnwr ihVj 'psj us viuh is'kh esa dgk Fkk fd ^^mHkjrk gqvk e/;oxZ viuh [kir ds rjhdksa dks cnyus dh vksj vxzlj gS vkSj ;s yksx gekjh pht+ksa ds lcls cM+s [kjhnkj gks ldrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, Hkkjr esa lu~ 2005 rd bl e/;oxZ esa lk<s+ X;kjg djksM+ u, miHkksDrk tqM+ tk,axsA ;g gekjh d`f"k&oLrqvksa ds fy, lcls cM+s cktkj lkfcr gksaxsA** vxj vejhdh d`f"k&fu;kZr ij fuxkg M+kysa rks irk pyrk gS fd lu~ 1997 esa vejhdk d`f"k&fu;kZr ls 97 vjc Mkyj dk dkjksckj dj jgk Fkk vkSj blesa ls d`f"k&vk;kr ij fd;k x;k [kpkZ fudky nsa rks mls 21 vjc Mkyj dk equkQk jgkA ;kuh ;gka mldk O;kikj&larqyu vR;ar ldkjkRed FkkA blfy, ;g rks t+:jh Fkk fd og vius d`f"k&fu;kZr dks gj rjg ds izfrca/kksa ls ckgj j[ksA og viuk d`f"k&fu;kZr c<+k, j[kus ds gj ekSds dh ryk'k esa jgrk gS vkSj lHkh O;kikj&le>kSrksa esa d`f"k&fu;kZr 'kkfey djuk ugha HkwyrkA vHkh rd mldk /;ku mRrjh xksyk)Z ij Fkk] vc nf{k.kh xksyk)Z ij x;k gSA Hkkjr dk [kkrk&ihrk e/;oxZ mlds Bhd fu'kkus ij gS] rkfd viuk eky cspdj bl oxZ dh tscsa [kkyh dj ldsA blds lkFk gh phu ds ckt+kj esa Hkh /kqliSB dh dksf'k'k dh tk jgh gSA ysfdu bl vejhdh ykyp dks igpkudj phu us Hkh viuh phtsa vejhdk esa cspus vkSj fons'kh eqnzk dekus esa dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+hA rHkh rks iwjh rS;kjh djds vkSj lksp&le>dj dkQh nsj ckn phu fo'o O;kikj laxBu dk lnL; cuk gSA gesa lu~ 2001 rd lHkh d`f"k oLrqvksa ds O;kikj ij ls ek=kRed izfrca/k gVkus Fks] ftudh ;kn gesa vejhdk cjkcj fnykrk jgkA vejhdh d`f"k ea=h Mku fXydeSu us dgk Fkk] ^^gekjh igy lkQ gS ge fdlh ubZ ljdkj ds vkus dk bartkj ugha djsaxs vkSj u fdlh ds fy, :dasxs vkSj u pqi cSBsaxsA** rHkh rks vkf[kjdkj mUgksaus Hkkjr ls og djk gh fy;k] tks og pkgrs FksA vejhdk gekjs ns'k esa dsoy xsgaw cspuk ugha pkgrkA og xsgaw ds vykok vkSj Hkh reke d`f"k&ftalksa ds fy, gekjk ckt+kj gM+iuk pkgrk gSA vejhdk dk lks;kchu la?k cjkcj bl dksf'k'k esa yxk jgk fd fdlh rjg Hkkjr vejhdk ls ijkthuh lks;kchu dh nl yk[k Vu ek=k [kjhn ysA [kqys tujy ykblsal ds rgr Hkkjr esa lks;kchu gh ughaa] lwjteq[kh vkSj rksfj;k ¼jsilhM½ Hkh ckgj ls vk ldrh gSA fryguksa ds vykok vejhdk vius iz'kksf/kr [kk| inkFkZ Hkh Hkkjr ds ckt+kjksa esa iVduk pkgrk gS vkSj lkFk gh nw/k ls cuh phtsa HkhA cht vkSj d`f"k&jlk;uksa ds fy, vkSj nwljh reke d`f"k&oLrqvksa ds fy, Hkh mldh fuxkgsa Hkkjrh; ckt+kj ij fVdh gqbZ gSaA blfy, vki dqN Hkh dj yks] vejhdk vius izfrca/kksa dh lwph ls d`f"k dks ges'kk ckgj j[ksxkA bl ckjs esa ml ij vejhdh d`f"k&ck;ksVSd daifu;ksa dk Hkh 174

Hkkjh ncko gSA ;s cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka Hkkjr esa viuk ckt+kj Hkh cukuk pkgrh gSa vkSj viuk vuqla/ku dk dke Hkh Hkkjr esa pykuk pkgrh gSA vxj vkfFkZd izfrca/k yxs jgrs rks lcls cM+h dfBukbZ bu daifu;ksa dks gksrh vkSj og Hkkjr esa iwath fuos'k ugha dj ikrhaA tc ?kjsyw d`f"k&O;kikfj;ksa dk ncko IkM+k rks rRdkyhu jk"Vªifr Jh fcy fDy.Vu d`f"k dks izfrca/kksa ls ckgj j[krs gq, ,dne lar gks x, vkSj mUgksaus izopu fn;k fd ^^gesa [k|kUu dks gfFk;kj dh rjg bLrseky ugha djuk pkfg, vkSj ,slk dksbZ dne ugha mBkuk pkfg,] ftlls vukt Hkstus ij ikcanh yx tk,A** vejhdh jk"Vªifr egksn; dks vpkud Hkw[kksa vkSj dqiksf"krksa dh bruh fpark lrkus yxh] tc fd bUgha jk"Vªifr th us ^oYMZ QwM lfeV* esa cksyrs gq, dgk Fkk fd] ^^nqfu;k ds 80 djksM+ Hkw[ks yksxksa dk isV Hkjus dh ft+Eesnkjh varjkZ"Vªh; leqnk; ij ugha Mkyh tk ldrhA [kk|&lqj{kk izR;sd jk"Vª dk futh ekeyk gS vkSj mUgsa gh vius Hkw[kh turk dks f[kykus ds fy, jkLrs vkSj lk/ku [kkstus gksaxsA** tgka rd vejhdk dk loky gS] og [kk|&lqj{kk ds fy, vkRe&fuHkZjrk dh ctk; [kk|&O;kikj dks gh lek/kku ekurk gSA vxj geus HkweaMyhdj.k vkSj ijek.kq&vizlkj ds cgdkos esa vkdj viuh [kk|&lqj{kk vkSj iks"k.k&lqj{kk Hkqyk nh rks ;g ns'k dk nqHkkZX; gksxkA Hkkjr us ckSf)d lEink ds vf/kdkj dks fl)karr% Lohdkj djds vkSj reke d`f"k oLrqvksa ij ls ek=kRed izfrca/k gVkdj vkSj muds fy, Hkkjr ds ckt+kj [kksydj Hkkjr dh [kk|&lqj{kk lekIr djus vkSj Hkkjr ds djksM+ksa fdlkuksa dks cjckn djus dk jkLrk [kksy fn;k gSA

jktuhfrd etcwjh gekjs jktusrk vius cpko esa ,d rks rdZ ;g nsrs jgs fd tc MCY;w- Vh- vks- ij gLrk{kj fd, x, rks os lRrk esa ugha Fks vkSj mUgsa nks"kh ugha Bgjk;k tk ldrkA nwljk rdZ ;g Fkk fd ,d ckj gLrk{kj dj nsus ds ckn MCY;w- Vh- vks- dh gj 'krZ dks ekuuk mudh ^^jktuhfrd etcwjh** gSA vc ljdkj us reke d`f"k&oLrqvksa ds vk;kr ij ls ek=kRed izfrca/k gVk fn, gSa] blfy, gekjh d`f"k&O;oLFkk ds lkeus ,d cM+k [krjk [kM+k gks x;k gSA ljdkj ds Åij fdlkuksa dks cht&[kkn&ikuh oxSjg esa dh tkus okyh fj;k;rksa dks ysdj Hkh mUgsa de djus ds fy, Hkkjh ncko gSA ckgj ds ns'k vius fdlkuksa dsk fu;kZr ds fy, Hkh Hkkjh fj;k;rsa nsrs gSa] rkfd os viuk eky ,dne lLrh njksa ij Hkst ldsaA mudk ?kkVk mudh ljdkjsa iwjk dj nsrh gSa] tc fd ge ij ncko gS fd ge viuh [kk| lqj{kk dks [krjs esa Mkydj Hkh fdlkuksa dks nh tkus okyh lfClM+h de dj nsaA gesa [kk|kUu esa vkRefuHkZjrk izkIr djus ds fy, Hkkjh esgur djuh iM+h gS vkSj vxj blls feyh [kk|&lqj{kk esa fdlh 175

Hkh rjg dh las/k yxk;h x;h rks blds ftEesnkj yksxksa dks ns'k dHkh ekQ ugha djsxkA d`f"k dks ysdj ge ,slk dksbZ Hkh le>kSrk Lohdkj ugha dj ldrs tks bl ns'k dh d`f"k&O;oLFkk dks pkSiV dj nsA MCY;w- Vh- vks- dh 'krsaZ ekuus dk lcls cqjk vlj gekjh [ksrh ij gh iM+sxkA ;s 'krsaZ gekjs fdlkuksa dh dej rksM+ nsaxhaA if'peh fdlkuksa dks MCY;w- Vh- vksds ckotwn fdlh u fdlh cgkus ls yxkrkj Hkkjh lfClM+h gj lky fey jgh gSA mUgssa 362 vjc Mkyj dh lfClMh gj lky feyrh gSA ftlds eqdkcys Hkkjr ds fdlkuksa dks feyus okyh lfClM+h bldk iklax Hkh ugha gSA gekjs fdlku fQj mudk fdl rjg eqdkcyk dj ldrs gSaA eqDr O;kikj vkSj [kqyk ckt+kj ykxw djuk rFkk fdlku dks ckt+kj ds Hkjksls NksM+ nsuk] cgqr cM+h Hkwy gSA bl rjg ge vukt mu rd ugha igqapk ldsaxs] ftUgsa bldh t+:jr gSA tks xjhc gSa] blfy, Hkw[ks gSa] vkSj Hkw[ks gSa] blfy, det+ksj vkSj chekj gSa] vkSj det+ksj vkSj chekj gSa] blfy, xjhc gSa] vkSj xjhc gSa blfy, -------A ;gh gS og Hk;adj nq'pdz ftlls ckgj fudkys fcuk Hkkjr dks Hkw[k ds dyad ls eqDr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ;g eqDr O;kikj vkSj [kqys ckt+kj okyh O;oLFkk ,sls le; esa ykxw dh tk jgh gS] tc /kku&xsgwa {ks= dh mRikndrk esa Bgjko vk;k gqvk gSA gekjk vUu HkaMkj ;gh {ks= Hkjrk jgrk gSA 30 djksM+ ds yxHkx xjhc yksxkssa esa vukt [kjhnus dh {kerk ugha gSA blfy, tc muds fgLls dk vukt xksnkeksa esa tek gks x;k rks ge cM+h cgknqjh ekuus yxs fd Ng djksM+ Vu ls T+;knk vukt tek gks x;k gS ;kuh vc [ksrh ij T+;knk /;ku nsus dh t+:jr ugha gSA d`f"k vuqla/kku dks Hkh c<+kus dh vko';drk ugha gSA tc orZeku rduhdksa ls gh bruk vukt iSnk gks x;k gS fd j[kus dk BkSj ugha] rks fQj D;k t+:jr gS u;h rduhdsa [kkstus dhA gekjs ukSdj'kkg bl rjg dh ckrsa djus yxs gSaA bl cgkus os ns'k dh [kk|&lqj{kk dks fxjoh j[kuk pkgrs gSaA ;g [kk|&lqj{kk fdlku gh lqjf{kr cuk, j[k ldrs gSaA blds fy, m|ksxksa ij Hkjkslk ugha fd;k tk ldrkA m|ksx ds Hkjksls NksM+ fn;k x;k rks] os rks xsgaw dh txg xqykc mxkuk ilan djsaxsA mUgsa equkQs ls eryc gS] fQj Hkys gh xjhc nkys&jksVh vkSj nky&Hkkr ds fy, rjlrs jgsaA dkjfxy&;q) esa geus tokuksa dks >ksadk vkSj ns'k dh vfLerk dh j{kk dhA MCY;wVh- vks- dh cfyosnh ij geus fdlkuksa dh cfy ns nh] rks ftl vfLerk dh j{kk ds fy, gekjs toku 'kghn gq,] og vfLerk fdlkuksa ds 'kghn gksrs gh <g tk,xhA gekjs toku vkSj fdlku nksuksa gh ns'k dh izHkqLkRrk vkSj vfLerk ds j{kd gSaA gesa gj dher ij bu j{kdksa ds fgrksa dh j{kk djuh gksxhA lqj{kk vkSj d`f"k ls tqM+h gj eqlhcr dk [kqyklk ns'k ds lkeus djuk pkfg, rkfd ns'k blds fy, rS;kj jgsA 176

j{kk vkSj [ksrh] bu nksuksa ds ekspsZ ij ftUgksaus Hkh <hy nh] mUgsa turk ,slk lcd fl[kk;sxh] fd mudh flV~Vh&fiV~Vh xqe gks tk,xhA ;g dkjfxy&;q) dk lcls cM+k lcd FkkA

t:jr gS ^fdlku* dh u;h ifjHkk"kk dh vxj vki f'kf{kr gSa] 'kVZ vkSj iS.V igurs gSa vkSj VSªDVj ls tqrkbZ djrs gSa] rks fQj vki fdlku dgykus ds gdnkj ugha gks ldrsA tc rd vki eSyk&dqpSyk /kksrh&dqrkZ u igusa] tc rd vkids twrs ;k pIiy QVs&iqjkus u gksa ;k fQj vki uaxs ikao u gksa vkSj ogh gy&cSy ls tqrkbZ u djrs gksa] rc rd Hkyk nqfu;k vki dks fdlku dSls eku ysA de ls de vejhdk] dukMk] vkLVªsfy;k] tkiku vkSj nf{k.k dksfj;k tSls ns'k rks Hkkjrh; fdlku dks blh :Ik esa ns[kuk pkgrs gSa] ugha rks os mls fdlku ekuus dks rS;kj ugha gSaA fodflr fo'o nqfu;k ds lkeus fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh ,slh rLohj is'k dj jgsa gSa tSls fd ;gka dk fdlku vui<+] xaokj vkSj fugk;r xjhch esa tSls&rSls xqtkjk djus okyk ,dne fiNM+k balku gksA rHkh rks os ;g ekuus dks rS;kj ugha gSa fd bu fdlkuksa ds Hkh dqN vf/kdkj gksus pkfg,aA vkSj og Hkh ckSf)d vf/kdkj! okg! cqf) ls fdlkuksa dk D;k okLrk! vkt tc fodkl'khy ns'kksa us ^QkeZlZ jkbVªl* dh ckr tksj'kksj ls mBkbZ gS] rks fodflr ns'kksa ds dku [kM+s gks x, gSaA izkd`frd lEink ls Hkjiwj bu lHkh ns'kksa ds fdlkuksa us gtkjksa o"kksZa ls [ksrh ds rjhds fodflr fd,] vkStkj cuk,] taxyksa ls [kkus ;ksX; ikS/ks NkaVs vkSj mudh [ksrh dh] xSj ijaijkxr fdLeksa vkSj Kku dks ih<+h&nj&ih<+h laHkkydj j[kk & fdlkuksa ds bl egku ;ksxnku dks if'peh ns'k udkjuk pkgrs gSaA blhfy, os ^fdlku* mls gh ekurs gSa tks otzew[kZ gks! 'kk;n gh dksbZ Hkkjrh; fdlku bl dlkSVh ij [kjk mrjsaA gka dqN d`f"k&vf/kdkjh vo'; bl {ks= esa mlds izfr}anh cu ldrs gSaA dukMk ds cht&O;kikfj;ksa dh ,d laLFkk ^dukfM;u lhM VsªM ,lksfl,s'ku* us ,d iqfLrdk izdkf'kr dh gS] ^lhM~l QkWj , gaxjh oYMZ* ;kuh ^Hkw[kh nqfu;k ds fy, cht*A blesa ^fdlkuksa ds vf/kdkj* dh ekax dh f[kYyh mM+krs gq, fy[kk x;k gS fd ^bldk eryc rks djhc&djhc ml <iksj'ka[kh ckr esa ;dhu djuk gqvk fd nqfu;k esa igys&igy [ksrh djus okys fdlku ;g tkurs Fks fd os Qlyksa dh iztkfr;ksa dks ekuo&dY;k.k ds fy, lq/kkj jgs gSaA* blesa lang D;ksa gSaA mUgksaus Qlysa pquha vkSj [ksrh dhA vxyh Qly ds fy, ,slh ckfy;ksa ls vkSj HkqV~Vksa ls cht pqus tks mudh utj esa nwljksa ls vPNs FksA 'kk;n vf/kd eksVs vkSj vf/kd nkuksa okyh ckfy;ka pquh xbZa] rkfd vxyh ckj ,slh gh ckfy;ka yxsaA bl rjg os vo'; gh nqfu;k ds igys fdlku gh ugha] igys Qly&iztud ¼chzMj½ Hkh FksA ^bdksuksfeLV* Ikf=dk us lu~ 1954 esa gh bu vkfn&d`"kdksa dks ekU;rk iznku djrs gq, fy[kk Fkk fd ^ikS/k&iztuu ds vlyh 177

fo'ks"kK rks os yk[kksa balku gSa] ftUgsa vius iqj[kksa ls ,slh ^gjh vaxqfy;ka* feyha gSa fd os lfn;ksa ls mudk bLrseky djds [ksrh esa lq/kkj djrs vk jgs gSaA* ysfdu tc fdlkuksa ds vf/kdkj dks ysdj cgl fNM+h rks fdlku dkSu gS bldh igpku dks ysdj gh fookn fNM+ x;kA bl ckr dks bruk rwy fn;k x;k fd jkse esa [kk| vkSj d`f"k ds vkuqoaf'kd lalk/kuksa ds vk;ksx dh ikapoh cSBd gh BIi gks xbZA bl ^deh'ku vkWQ tsusfVd fjlkslsZt QkWj QwM ,.M ,xzhdYpj* dh LFkkiuk la;qDr jk"Vª ds [kk| ,oa d`f"k laxBu ¼,Q , vks½ us dh gSA bl vk;ksx dh cSBd ikap fnuksa rd pyh vkSj ikapksa fnu bl ikapoh cSBd esa fdlku ds ckjs esa iapksa dh ,d jk; ugha cu ik;h vkSj fdlku dh ifjHkk"kk x<+us dk eqÌk Nk;k jgkA ysfdu dkjZokbZ BIi gks tkus ds ckotwn nks Qk;ns gq,A ,d rks Hkkjr ls x, dqN d`f"k oSKkfud fdlkuksa ds vf/kdkjksa dks ysdj bruk vM+s vkSj bruk yM+s fd bl ekeys esa os lgt gh leLr fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds vxqvk cu x,A bl iwjh cgl ds nkSjku vf/kdrj vehj ns'k eqag Qqyk, cSBs jgs vkSj muls fdlh Hkh Hkkjrh; rdZ dk dksbZ tokc nsrs ugha cukA nwljh miyfC/k ;g gqbZ fd ;wjksih la?k us fdlku fojks/kh xqV ls viuk ukrk rksM+ fy;k] gkykafd 'kq:&'kq: esa og Hkh fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds :[k dk fojks/k dj jgk FkkA blls ;g ckr fQj ls lkQ gqbZ fd fodflr ns'k ;g rks pkgrs gSa fd thu&le`) fodkl'khy ns'k viuh izkd`frd lEink ds }kj muds fy, [kksy nsa vkSj os mldk eqDr vkSj eq¶r esa iwjk mi;ksx djsa] ysfdu os ^dUosa'ku vkWu ck;ksyksthdy MkboflZVh* ij gLrk{kj ugha djuk pkgrsA tSo fofo/krk ds bl le>kSrs dh lcls egRoiw.kZ 'krZ ;g gS fd tks Hkh fodflr ns'k bl tSofofo/krk dk ykHk mBkdj dekbZ djsa] mldk cjkcj dk fgLlk mu ns'kksa dks Hkh nsa] ftudh tSofofo/krk dk bLrseky fd;k x;k gSA vly esa ;g fgLlk mu leqnk;ksa&vkfnoklh] fdlkuksa vkSj dchyksa dks fn;k tkuk gS] tks lfn;ksa ls bl tSofofo/krk dk laj{k.k djrs jgs gSaA blesa tSofofo/krk ds laj{k.k vkSj lao/kZu rFkk miHkksx ls tqM+h rduhdksa dks bu ns'kksa vkSj leqnk;ksa dks nsuk vkSj tSofofo/krk ds laj{k.k ds iz;klksa dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, vkSj mudk [kpZ mBkus ds fy, ,d varjkZ"Vªh; fuf/k cukus dh Hkh 'krZ j[kh xbZ gSA [kk| dk fu;kZr djus okys ikapksa cM+s ns'k bu 'krksZa dks ekuus ds fy, rS;kj ugha gSaA os fdlkuksa ds vf/kdkjksa dh ckr Hhk blhfy, udkj jgs gSaA ;s ns'k gSa vejhdk] vkLVªsfy;k] dukMk] Qzkal vkSj vtsZafVukA bUgsa fdlkuksa dh rks dksbZ fpark ugha gS ysfdu] viuh cht&daifu;ksa vkSj ck;ksVSd daifu;ksa dh xgjh fpark gS fd muds fgrksa dh j{kk ds fy, fdlkuksa ds vf/kdkjksa dh dqckZuh nsuh iM+s rks ns nh tk,A ckSf)d lEink ds vf/kdkj ds pkyw <kaps esa fdlkuksa ds vf/kdkj ugha lekrs] bl ckr dk iwjk Qk;nk mBkdj bu vehj ns'kksa us ,d v?kksf"kr ;q) NsM+k gqvk FkkA vkSj dSlh foMEcuk gS fd ckdh nqfu;k ,d rjQ vkSj ;s ikapksa ns'k nwljh rjQ] fQj 178

Hkh budk iyM+k Hkkjh gSA vtsZafVuk rks [kSj HkweaMyhdj.k dk f'kdkj gksdj [kqn gh Hkq[kejh dk f'kdkj gks x;k gS vkSj yksx ogka pwgs [kkus ij et+cwj gks x, gSaA vehj ns'k lksprs gSa fd ,d ckj fdlkuksa ds vf/kdkj ykxw gks x, rks cgqjk"Vªh; cht daifu;ksa vkSj ck;ksVSd daifu;ksa ds equkQs esa dVkSrh gksus yxsxhA ;gh bu ns'kksa dks eatwj ugha gSA buds gkFk vkSj Vkaxsa nksauksa gh cM+h yEch gSaA gkFk fdlh dk Hkh xyk nck ldrs gSa vkSj Vkaxs dgha Hkh vM+ ldrh gSaA blhfy, reke dksf'k'kksa ds ckotwn fdlkuksa ds vf/kdkjksa dk eqÌk varjkZ"Vªh; eapksa ij Lohd`r ugha gks jgk gS] gkykafd bls fodkl'khy ns'kksa vkSj ;wjksih; la?k dk leFkZu izkIr gSA fdlku fojks/kh vehj ns'k ;g rdZ nsrs gSa fd ftUgksus tSofofo/krk dh j{kk dh os vk/kqfud fdlku ugha gSasA fQj mUgsa fdlfy, equkQs esa ls fgLlk feysA tks tSls&rSls xqtkjk djus okys NksVs fdlku gSa] mUgsa os bl yk;d ugha le>rs fd os tSofofo/krk ds laj{kd ekus tk,aA fdlkuksa ds vf/kdkjksa ds Ik{k esa rdZ nsus okys fdlkuksa esa ,slk Hksn ugha djrsA buds fy, rks lHkh fdlku cl fdlku gSa]A mudk fo'o dh tSofofo/krk ij mlls lacaf/kr] ijaijkxr Kku ij] lkewfgd vf/kdkj gSA bl vf/kdkj ls mUgsa chtksa dks cpkdj j[kus] mudk vxyh Qlyksa ds fy, bLrseky djus] vknku&iznku djus vkSj muesa lq/kkj djus dk vf/kdkj Hkh Lor% fey tkrk gSA vehj ns'kksa esa fdlku gSa gh fdrus\ eqðhHkjA os Hkh yxkrkj vius [ksr cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dks csp&cspdj nwljs /ka/kksa esa tk jgs gSaA blfy, Hkh bu ns'kksas ds Åij fdlkuksa ds vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk ds fy, dksbZ [kkl ncko ugha gSA vejhdk us rks r; dj fy;k gS fd tula[;k ds vxys losZ{k.k esa og fdlkuksa dh fxurh djsxk gh ughsA bl rjg vejhdk esa rks [ksrh iwjh rjg ^fuxeh; [ksrh* ¼dksiksZjsV QkfeZax½ esa cny tk,xh vkSj fdlku uked tho ges'kk ds fy, lekIr gks tk,xkA blhfy, vejhdk gj varjkZ"Vªh; eap ij vius xqxksZa dks fl[kk&Ik<+kdj Hkstrk gS fd tc Hkh fdlkuksa ds vf/kdkjksa dh ckr mBs] os mlesa Vkax vM+k,aaA og fdlkuksa ds vf/kdkjksa dh ckr ek= ,d vo/kkj.kk ¼dalsIV½ ekurk gSA blls vf/kd dqN ughaA twu 1996 esa tc teZuh ds fyiftx 'kgj esa [kk| vkSj d`f"k laca/kh ikS/k vkuqoaf'kd lalk/kuksa ds vk;ksx dh pkSFkh cSBd gqbZ Fkh] rks mlesa vejhdk us fdlkuksa ds vf/kdkjksa ds ckjs esa fu;e&mifu;e cukus ds izLrko dks Bqdjk fn;k vkSj mls flQkfj'kksa esa 'kkfey ugha gksus fn;kA blds dqN eghus ckn flrEcj 1996 esa eksf.Vª;y esa ^dUosa'ku vkWu ck;ksyksthdy MkboflZVh* ¼lh ch Mh½ dh rduhdh lykgdkj lfefr dh cSBd lEiUu gqbZ rks d`f"k esa vkuqoaf'kd fofo/krk esa dVko dh rks ppkZ gqbZ] ysfdu vesfjdk us ;gka Hkh fdlkuksa ds vf/kdkjksa dh ppkZ nck nhA uoEcj 1996 dh cSBd esa vejhdk dks dsoy bl ckr ds fy, /kU;okn fn;k x;k

179

fd mlus bl fo"k; ij fofHkUu fopkjksa vkSj lq>koksa ds ckjs esa ,d 'kks/ki= izLrqr gksus fn;kA ikapksa [kk| fu;kZrd ns'kksa dh laLFkk vks bZ lh Mh us ckj&ckj ;g ckr nqgjkbZ gS fd Mc~Y;w Vh vks ds vykok vkSj fdlh Hkh laxBu dks fo'o O;kikj ls tqM+s fdlh Hkh eqÌs dks mBkus dh btktr ugha gSA vkSj Mc~Y;w Vh vks fdlkuksa ds vf/kdkjksa dks Lohdkj ugha djrkA nwljs 'kCnksa esa vius ;gka fdlkuksa dk ukeksfu'kku feVkus ds fy, dfVc) ;s ns'k fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa fVdkÅ [ksrh ds cqfu;knh <kaps dks efV;kesV djuk pkgrs gSaA gekjs vius ns'k esa Hkh [kkrk&ihrk vf/kdkjh oxZ m|ksxksa vkSj cM+s ns'kksa ds b'kkjksa ij ukprk gqvk] fdlkuksa ds fgrksa dh mis{kk djus esa cM+h 'kku le>rk gSA blfy, tgka vejhdk us vka[ksa rjsjha fd os QkSju viuk eqag lh ysrs gSaA cl oSKkfud vkSj dqN LoSfPNd laxBu gh fdlkuksa dh vkokt cqyan dj jgs gSaA lHkh fodkl'khy ns'kksa ls mB jgh ;s vkoktsa vehj ns'kksa ds dkuksa ij taw jsaxk ik;saxha] rks fdlkuksa ds vf/kdkjksa dks ftl rjg Hkkjr ljdkj dks vius dkuwu esa tksM+uk iM+k gS] oSlk gh varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij Hkh t:j djuk iM+sxkA

180

11- [kk|&vlqj{kk dk O;kikj MCY;w- Vh- vks- ¼oYMZ VªsM vkWxsZukbts’ku½ vFkkZr~ fo’o ;kikj laxBu ds fu;eksa ds v/khu d`f"k vk;kr ij nh xbZ NwV dk vlj ns'k ds dbZ fgLlksa esa utj vk jgk gSA ftls ^bZ’oj dk ns’k* dgk tkrk gS] ml dsjy ij bldh ekj iM+us yxh gSA tc ls ljdkj us ckgj ls d`f"k&mRiknksas ds vk;kr ds }kj [kksys gSa reke fons’kh lLrh phtksa ls dsjy iV x;k gS vkSj mldh d`f"k laca/kh vFkZO;oLFkk Mxexk jgh gSA pkgs ikWe vkW;y vk jgk gks] ;k ukfj;y dk rsy ;k fQj jcM+ ;k dkWQh] dsjy dh lkekftd&vkfFkZd n’kk ds gj igyw ij bldk Hkkjh udkjkRed ncko iM+ jgk gSA Ukfj;y ds nke 10 #i, izfr ukfj;y ls fxjdj nks #i, izfr ukfj;y gks x, gSaA jcM+ ds nke 60 #i, ls fxjdj 16 #i, izfr fdyksxzke ij vk x,A dkWQh 1999 esa 58 #i, izfr fdyksxzke fcd jgh Fkh] tks fd lu~ 2000 esa 30 #i, izfr fdyksxzke ij vk xbZA elkyksa dks Hkh ugha NksM+k x;kA dkyh fepZ dh dher 2600 #i, izfr fDo.Vy ls fxjdj 1300 #i, izfr fDoVy gks xbZA MCY;w-Vh-vks dh ekj vdsys dsjy ij gh ugh iM+hA mHkjrs Hkwe.Myh; O;kikfjd ifjn`’; dk izHkko nwljs jkT;ksa ij Hkh iM+k gS] ysfdu dsjy ij bldk vlj cgqr T;knk iM+ jgk gSA blls igys fd ge bldh rg esa tk,a] gesa ;g le>uk gksxk fd cktkj viuk vlj dSls Mkyrk gS vkSj fQj ;g ns[ksaxs fd bl cnyrh cktk: nqfu;k ls Hkkjrh; d`f"k fdl rjg izHkkfor gks jgh gSA vc rks Hkkjr ljdkj ds d`f"k ea=ky; vkSj okf.kT; ea=ky; nksuksa us ;g eku fy;k gS fd ftl varjkZ"Vªh; cktkj O;oLFkk dk fnyklk fn;k x;k Fkk fd og lcds fy, [kksy nh tk,xh vkSj lcdks Qk;nk gksxk] oSlk dqN Hkh ugha gqvkA lHkh mEehnksa ij ikuh fQj x;kA 2 tuojh 1995 dks MCY;w-Vh-vks- dh LFkkiuk gqbZ vkSj mlds ckn ds Ng o"kksZa esa O;kikj esa fo’o Lrj ij mnkjhdj.k ls Hkkjr dks ,d rjg ls dqN Hkh ugh feykA mldh miyfC/k;ka ’kwU; gSaA ;gka ge MCY;w-Vh-vksls fd, x, le>kSrs ls d`f"k ds {ks= esa ^D;k [kks;k&D;k ik;k* dk iwjk fglkc yxk dj ns[k ldrs gSaA MCY;w-Vh-vksus vius lnL;&ns’kksa ls rhu ckrsa euokbZ Fkhaa ,d rks ;g fd os vius cktkj [ksy nsa] nwljs ?kjsyw Lrj ij fo’o O;kikj dks c<+k;k nsa vkSj rhljs fu;kZr ds fy, fj;k;rsa nsaA bjknk ;g Fkk fd d`f"k laca/kh fo’o O;kikj esa orZeku ikcafn;ksa esa <hy nh tk, vkSj mUgsa gVk;k tk,A Ng lky ckn ge ns[krs gSa fd bu rjhdksa ls dsoy fodflr ns’kksa dh d`f"k vkSj d`"kd gh ykHkkfUor gq, gSa] fodkl’khy ns’kksa dks rks cl Bsaxk gh feyk gSA fodkl’khy ns’kksa ds fy, le; r; dj fn;k x;k fd bl rkjh[k rd 181

vius ?kjsyw cktkjksa dks ckgj ls d`f"k&oLrq,a vkSj reke nwljh phtksa dks vkus nsus ds fy, [kksy nsaA bu phtksa ij ckgj dh ljdkjsa vius fu;kZrdksa dks bruh fj;k;r nsrh gSa fd os cM+h lLrh fcdrh gSaA vc vehj ns’k viuh lLrh phtsa xjhc ns’kksa ds cktkjksas esa iVd jgs gSaA Ckktkjksa esa igqap Lka;qDr jk"Vª ds [kk| ,oa d`f"k laxBu ¼,Q-,-vks½ us gky esa ;g urhtk fudkyk gS fd fodkl’khy ns’kksa ls fd, tk jgs d`f"k fu;kZr esa dksbZ [kkl c<+ksrjh ugha gqbZA vehj ns’kksa us vius ;gka Hksts x, eky ij Hkkjh pqaxh yxk j[kh Fkh] tks vkt Hkh tkjh gS vkSj blesa dksbZ <hy ugha nh xbZA bl rjg fodkl’khy ns’kksa dk eky fodflr ns’kksa esa MCY;w-Vh-vks dh cnkSyr T;knk fcdk gks] bldk dksbZ lcwr ugha feykA fodflr ns’kksa us [kklrkSj ls vukt] phuh vkSj Msjh&mRiknksa ij vc Hkh Hkkjh eglwy Bksad j[ks gSaA fu;kZr dh tkus okyh oLrqvksa dh xq.koÙkk lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, LoPNrk vkSj ikS/k&LoPNrk ¼QkgVkslsfuVjh½ ds uke ij tks dlkSfV;ka r; dh xbZ gSa] os [kklrkSj ls Qy&Qwy&lfCt;ka oxSjg ckxokuh ds mRiknksa vkSj ekal vkSj mlls cus O;atuksa ds fu;kZr esa ck/kk Mky jgs gSa] D;ksafd bl dM+h dlkSfV;ksa ij viuk eky [kjk mrkj ik,a ;g fodkl’khy ns’kksa ds o’k dk ugha gSA viuh pqaxh vkSj eglwy vxj fodflr ns’k ?kVk Hkh jgs gSa rks pqu&pqudjA tSls fd veqd ns’kksa ds fy, veqd eky ij <hy gS vkSj ckdh ds fy, ughaA blls Hkh fodkl’khy ns’k vius d`f"k fu;kZr dks c<+k ugha ik jgsA ;gh ugha 36 ns’kksa dks ;g Hkh lqfo/kk nh xbZ gS fd vxj ckgj ls vkus okyh d`f"k oLrqvksa ds dkj.k muds ?kjsyw cktkj ij dksbZ cqjk vlj iM+rk gS] rks os ?kjsyw cktkj dh lqj{kk ds fy, fo’ks"k izko/kku dj ldrs gSaA ;s NÙkhlksa ns’k fodflr ns’k gSa] ftUgsa MCY;w-Vh-vksus ;g [kkl fj;k;r ns j[kh gSA fodkl’khy ns’kksa esa lLrh phtsa iVdus ls muds ?kjsyw cktkj pkSikV gks jgs gksa rks MCY;w-Vhvks- dks mudh dksbZ fQØ ugha gSA fgUnqLrku dks 1 vizsy 2001 dks d`f"k oLrqvksa ij ls ek=kRed izfrca/k gVkuk ;k de djuk FkkA fygktk Hkkjr egku us vius cktkj [kksy fn,A ckgj ls nw/k dk ikmMj vkus yxk] [kkus dk rsy vkus yxk] phuh vkSj pk; vkus yxh] lqikjh vkSj lsc vkus yxsA ;gka rd fd ukfj;y Hkh vkus yxsA buesa ls fdlh Hkh pht dh gekjs ns’k dks t:jr ugha gSA gekjs ;gka vehj miHkksDrk fons’kh eky ds fy, brus ykykf;r jgrs gSa fd ckgj ls vk, iuhys csLokn lscksa dks Hkkjrh; lsckasa ls nqxus&<kbZ xqus nkeksa ij Hkh [kjhn jgs gSaA ?kjsyw fj;k;rsa b/kj fodkl'khy ns'kksa ls dgk tk jgk gS fd vius fdlkuksa dks nh tk jgh fj;k;rsa ?kVkvksA bldk Qk;nk tkfgj gS fd vkf[kj esa fodflr ns'kksa ds fdlkuksa dks gh gksxk] vkSj gks jgk gSA vesfjdk esa dqy 6 yk[k ds djhc fdlku gSa vkSj lu~ 1996 182

ls ogka dh ljdkj us mudks feyus okyh lfClMh ;kuh fj;k;r dh nj esa 700 xquk c<+ksrjh dh gSA lu~ 1998 ls 2000 ds chp vesfjdk us vius fdlkuksa dks dksbZ uqdlku u gks blds fy, igys tks fj;k;rsa fey jgh Fkh] muds vykok 26 vjc Mkyj dh fj;k;rsa vkSj T;knk nh gSaA eryc ;g fd ?kVkus ds ctk; c<+kbZ gSaA ,d Mkyj 45 #i, dk Hkh yxkvks rks #i, esa ;s fj;k;rsa djhc 1200 vjc dh gqbZA bu cM+s ns'kksa esa dqy feykdj d`f"k&fj;k;rksa esa vkB izfr'kr dh o`f) dh xbZ gS] tks lu~ 1998 esa gh 363 vjc Mkyj rd igqap xbZ FkhA Hkkjr ls nksgjh pky pyh tk jgh gSA ,d vksj rks MCyw-Vh-vks- dg jgk gS fd ,-,e,l- ds rgr Hkkjr vius fdlkuksa dks vHkh vkSj fj;k;r ns ldrk gSA ,-,e-,l;kfu ,xzhxzsV estlZ vkWQ liksVZ dk eryc gS& fdlkuksa dks nh tkuh okyh dqN fj;k;rksa dk iSekuk ;k iyM+k tks vHkh gekjs ns'k esa Åij mBk gqvk gSA bls uhps ykus ds fy, fdlkuksa dks vHkh vkSj fj;k;rsa nh tkuh gSaA nwljh vksj fo'o cSad ls ncko Myok;k tk jgk gS fd <+kapkxr lq/kkjksa dks ykxw djks vkSj fdlkuksa dks [kkn] cht] ikuh] fctyh ij nh tkus okyh fj;k;rsa ,dne ?kVk nks ;k gVk nksA vURkjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k ds fo'o cSad ds lkeus gekjh ljdkjsa igys gh ?kqVus Vsd pqdh gSaA vkSj ge fdruh fj;k;r nsrs gSa&56 djksM+ fdlkuksa dks ,d vjc Mkyj ;kuh 45 djksM+ #i,A ;kuh ,d fdlku dks lky Hkj esa ,d #i, ls Hkh de dh fj;k;r vuqeku rks ;g yxk;k x;k Fkk fd fodflr ns'kksa esa ?kjsyw rkSj ij leFkZu u feyus ij vuktksa dh [ksrh ogka can gks tk,xh vkSj dsoy fodkl'khy ns'k gh vukt okyh Qlysa mxk,axsA exj oSlk gqvk ughaA mYVs ;g [krjk iSnk gks x;k gS fd vehj ns'k vius fdlkuksa ij blh rjg fj;k;rsa cjlkrs jgs] vkSj xjhc ns'kksa dks d`f"k&fu;kZr ds fy, ^D;wvkj^ ¼DokUVsfVo jsfLVªD'ku½ ;kuh ek=kRed #dkoVsa nwj djuh iM+h rks Hkkjr tSls dks ckgj ls lLrh njksa ij fey jgk vukt eaxkus ds fy, etcwj gksuk iM+sxkA Hkkjr ds d`f"k ea=ky; us Hkh ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd fu;e cuk, tkus ds ckotwn fodkl'khy ns'kksa dks mu fu;eksa dk Qk;nk ugha fey jgkA lkspk x;k Fkk fd fo'o O;kikj esa yk, tk jgs cnyko iqjkuh pyh vk jgh /kka/kfy;ka gVk,axs vkSj d`f"k&fu;kZr esa vehj ns'kksa dk Hkkjh iyM+k xjhc ns'kksa ls d`f"k fu;kZr c<+kdj >qdk fn;k tk,xkA exj oSlk dqN Hkh ugha gqvkA mYVs Hkkjr esa ckgj ls vkus okyh d`f"k oLrqvksa dh ek=k c<+rh tk jgh gSA lu~ 1995 esa fons'kksa ls 50 vjc #i, dh d`f"k oLrq,a vkbZ FkhaA lu~ 1999& 2000 esa 150 vjc #i, dh d`f"k oLrq,a gekjs ns'k esa ckgj ls eaxkbZ xbZA ;kuh frxquh c<+ksrjhA vdsys [kkus dk rsy eaxkus ij gh gesa 9 gtkj djksM+ ;kfu 90 vjc #i, [kpZ djus iM+sA bl rFkkdfFkr U;k;laxr O;kikj iz.kkyh dk mPpdksfV dh d`f"k& oLrq,a cukus okys Hkkjrh; O;kikfj;ksa dks Hkh ;g Qk;nk ugha feyk fd mudh d`f"k&mRiknksa ds fy, fo'o&cktkj esa Åaph dher feyrhA lp rks ;g gS fd vUrjkZ"Vªh; eaMh esa reke&oLrqvksa dh dhersa yxkrkj fxjrh tk jgh gSaA

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bl rjg ,d vksj rks d`f"k&mRiknu esa fxjkoV vk jgh gS vkSj nwljh vksj [kk|kUu mu rd ugha igqap jgk] tks Hkw[ks gSaA blfy, gekjh d`f"k vkSj [kk| uhfr esa t:j dksbZ [kksV gSA vkt Hkh gekjh 70 izfr'kr tula[;k d`f"k vkSj mlls tqM+s /ka/kkas ij gh fuHkZj gSA fdlkuksa esa ls 70 izfr'kr ek= 0-39 gsDVs;j tehu izfr fdlku ds vkljs gh xqtkjk dj jgs gSaA vc le; vk x;k gS fd ge bl d`f"k&vlarqyu dks lq/kkjsaA pkgs Hkys gh ;g dM+oh ckr fdlh ds xys ugha mrjs] ysfdu lPpkbZ ;gh gS fd Hkkjr gfjr&Økafr ls igys ds mlh tekus dh vksj eqM+ pyk gS] tc ge [kk|kUu ds ekeys esa brus foiUu Fks fd ^tgkt ls eqag^ dh gkyr esa th jgs Fks] tc vesfjdk ;k vkLVªsfy;k ;k dukMk ls tgkt esa xsgwa Hkjdj vkrk vkSj iwjs ns'k esa caVrk rHkh pwYgs ty ikrs Fks vkSj isV Hkj ikrs FksA vHkh bl fxjkoV dh j¶rkj cgqr /kheh gS vkSj forj.k&O;oLFkk dh [kkfe;ksa ls xksnkeksa esa yxs vukt ds <+sj gesa muds ijs dh okLrfodrk dks ns[kus ugha ns jgsA ml le; ds jktuhfrd usr`Ro us viuh nwjnf'kZrk ls gesa [kk|kUu dh ijk/khurk ls eqDr djds vkRefuHkZjrk dh eafty rd igaqpk;kA vkt Hkh gekjs izFke iz/kkuea=h iafMr tokgj yky usg: dh ml ?kks"k.kk dk lHkh Lokxr djuk pkgsaxs fd ÞvkSj lc dqN #d tk,] [ksrh bartkj ugha dj ldrhAß lqjf{kr vUUu HkaMkj ;wjksih ns'kksa esa nwljs egk;q) ds ckn gh lLrh njksa esa turk dks jk'ku eqgS;k djuk can dj fn;k x;k FkkA ysfdu Hkkjr tSls tula[;k&cgqy vkSj daxkyh ls Hkjs ns'k ds fy, ^ihMh,l^ ;kuh [kk|kUu dh ^tu&forj.k&iz.kkyh^ csgn t:jh gSA bldks 'kq: djus dk mÌs'; ;gh Fkk fd lcdks leku dher ij cqfu;knh jk'ku feyrk jgs] ugha rks vuki&'kuki dhersa p<+ tkrh vkSj xjhc Hkw[kksa ej tkrsA ;gh dkj.k gS fd Hkkjr esa 50 lky igys ;g iz.kkyh ykxw dj nh xbZ FkhA MCyw Vh vks us Hkh [kk|&lqj{kk ds fy, fodkl'khy ns'kksa dks ;g NwV nh gS fd os vius ;gka ^lqjf{kr vUu HkaMkj^ cuk ldrs gSaA blesa 'krZ ;gh gS fd jk'ku dh ^dhersa r; djrs le; [kjhn&ewY; vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; eaMh esa py jgs Hkkoksa dk /;ku j[kk tk,A^ blh ds lkFk ;g Hkh dgk x;k fd ^jk'ku fdu yksxksa dks lLrk fn;k tk,xk] ;g iks"k.k lac/kh t:jrksa ds fglkc ls r; fd;k tk,A^ Hkkjr esa lqjf{kr vUu HkaMkj dh iz.kkyh vdky ls cpus dh j.kuhfr ds rgr 'kq: dh xbZ Fkh] rkfd jk'ku dh lLrh nqdkuksa dk iwjs ns'k esa tky fcNkdj lcdks lLrk vUu miyC/k djk fn;k tk,A lkFk gh lw[ks ds le; lqjf{kr vUu HkaMkj ds dkj.k vdky ls cpk tk ldsA ;g iz.kkyh cM+h dkjxj lkfcr gqbZ gSA fQj Hkh bl rjg dh dksf'k'ksa dh xbZ fd jk'ku dh lLrh nqdkusa [kRe dj nh tk,aA

184

[kk| lqj{kk isVh MCyw Vh vks ds le>kSrs esa dqN [kkl ^ckDl^ ;k ^isVh^ fu/kkZfjr dh xbZ gSa] ftuesa [kk| lqj{kk isVh ¼QwM flD;ksfjVh ckDl½ tksM+us dk izLrko [kkl rkSj ls fodkl'khy ns'kksa us j[kk gSA ;wjksih; la?k Hkh [kk| lqj{kk lac?k dh t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds bl izLrko dk leFkZu dj jgk gSA blds jgrs fodkl'khy ns'k ckgj ls lLrs vUu fu;kZr ds vkfFkZd nq"izHkkoksas ls cps jgsaxsA ysfdu b/kj [kk|&lqj{kk dh ,d ubZ ifjHkk"kk x<+h tk jgh gS] ftls vuns[kk djus ds cM+s Hkkjh nq"ifj.kke gksaxsA vesfjdk us bldh 'kq:vkr dh vkSj fczVsu us vka[ksa ehapdj mldk leFkZu dj fn;k fd Þ ^[kk|&lqj{kk^ dks ^[kk|kUu esa vkRefuHkZjrk^ ls tksM+us dh t:jr ugha gSAß [kk|&lqj{kk dh ubZ ifjHkk"kk ;g gS fd mls rks ckgj ls lLrk vukt [kjhndj Hkh cjdjkj j[kk tk ldrk gSA Hkkjr tSls fodkl'khy ns'kksa dks ;g vPNh rjg le> ysuk gksxk fd muds fy, bl rjg dh [kk|&lqj{kk ugha pysxh fd tc deh iM+h rks ckgj ls [kjhn fy;k vkSj [kk|&ladV dks nwljksa ds lgkjs Vky fn;kA ,d rks bl rjg ds ckgjh vkljs ij ges'kk Hkjkslk ugha fd;k tk ldrkA nwljs Hkkjr esa rks d`f"k] vFkZO;oLFkk dh jh<+ gS vkSj ckgj ls lLrk vukt ykdj ge vius fdlku dks uqdlku igqapk,axs vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk dks iwjh rjg <+gk nsaxsA ;g /;ku nsus dh ckr gSA fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa [kk|&lqj{kk rHkh fVdkÅ jg ldrh gS tc os d`f"k&oLrqvksa vkSj [kk|kUuksa ij O;kikfjd jksd vkSj ek=kRed izfrca/k tkjh j[ksaA ,slh dksbZ Hkh /kkjk ugha gS ftls ykxw djds fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh [kk|&lqj{kk dks Hkh cpk;k tk lds vkSj cM+s ns'k buds cktkjksa esa igqap cukdj vius fdlkuksa dks fu;kZr ds fy, lfClMh Hkh nsrs jgsa vkSj ?kjsyw fj;k;rsa HkhA fo'o O;kikj laxBu ds d`f"k&le>kSrs ds rgr eqDr fo'o O;kikj tkjh j[krs gq, Hkh fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh [kk|&lqj{kk cuk, j[kus ds cl nks gh rjhds gSa& ,d] rks ;g fd fodkl'khy ns'kksa dks ;g vf/kdkj fn;k tk, fd os tc pkgsa ek=kRed izfrca/k yxk nsaA ;g ,d cgqi{kh; iz.kkyh esa gh laHko gSA blfy, d`f"k le>kSrs dh tks leh{kk bu fnuksa gks jgh gS] mlesa bldks 'kkfey fd;k tkuk pkfg,A nwljs] lfClMh] ?kjsyw fj;k;rsa vkSj d`f"k&fu;kZr dh lfClMh dks Hkh ek=kRed izfrca/kksa ls tksM+k tk,A ;kfu tc rd fodflr ns'k bu fj;k;rksa dks vius ;gka ?kVkdj 'kwU; ij u ys vk,a] rc rd fodkl'khy ns'k vius ;gka fu;kZr ij ek=kRed izfrca/k tkjh j[ksaA ckgj ls lLrh d`f"k&oLrq,a vkus ij jksd yxk, cxSj fodkl'khy ns'k vius fdlkuksa vkSj vius [kk|&lqj{kk dks rFkk vFkZO;oLFkk dks dk;e ugha j[k ldrsA 185

11 + cjcknh dk uqL[kk Hkkjr gh D;k dksbZ Hkh fodkl'khy ns'k gks viuh turk dh [kk|&lqj{kk vkSj iks"k.k&lqj{kk dks nkao ij yxkus dk [krjk eksy ugha ys ldrkA fQj Hkkjr esa rks nqafu;k ds ,d frgkbZ Hkw[ks] xjhc vkSj dqiksf"kr yksx clrs gSaA lSU; n`f"V ls Hkh Hkkjr dh fLFkfr cM+h egRoiw.kZ gSA dqN vFkZ'kkL=h ftl rjg ds uqL[ks is'k dj jgs gSa vkSj dg jgs gSa fd [kk| {ks= dks cktkj ds Hkjksls NksM+ nks] 'kk;n viuh ladqfpr n`f"V ls ;g ugha ns[k ik jgsa gSa fd [kk|kUu eas vkRefuHkZjrk [kks nsus ds fdrus [krjukd urhts gksaxsA [kk|kUu esa vkRefuHkZjrk cuk, j[kuk ns'k dks egaxk iM+rk gS vkSj tgka ls Hkh lLrk feys ogka ls vukt [kjhn ysuk [kk| lqj{kk cuk, j[kus dk lLrk lkSnk gS] ;g nyhy fugk;r [kks[kyh nyhy gS vkSj ,d rjg ls Hkkjr dh cjcknh dk uqL[kk gSA ge 'kk;n ;g Hkwy x, gSa fd T;knk fnu ugha gq,] vktknh ds le; Hkkjr dh [kk| fLFkfr ;g Fkh fd tgkt ls vukt vkrk] rc ge viuh turk dk isV Hkj ikrs FksA tc ge Hkh[k dk dVksjk ysdj dHkh dukMk] dHkh vejhdk rks dHkh vkLVªsfy;k ds lkeus fxM++fxMkrs Fks] rc os gekjs dVksjs esa vukt Vidkrs FksA fdruh 'keZukd gkyr Fkh gekjhA lu~ 1951 esa ns'k ds leh Hkkxksa ess lw[kk iM+k rks rRdkyhu iz/kkuea=h ia- tokgjyky usg: dks 20 yk[k Vu dh vukt lgk;rk ekaxuh iM+h FkhA ml le; usg: th us dgk Fkk] vFkkZr ^ftanxh dh bl cqfu;knh t:jr ¼vukt½ ds fy, fons'kksa dk eqag rkduk fdruk [krjukd gks ldrk gS] ;g vglkl eq>s vc ftruh f'kÌr ls eglwl gks jgk gS] mruk igys dHkh ugha gqvk FkkA tc ge [kk|kUu ds ekeys esa vkRe&fuHkZj gks tk,axs rHkh izxfr vkSj fodkl dj ldsaxsA* usg: th ds ckn tks usrk iz/kkuea=h cus mUgasa Hkh [kk|kUu esa ijkoyEch gksus ds dkj.k uhpk ns[kuk iM+kA rRdkyhu iz/kkuea=h Jh ykycgknqj 'kkL=h us fo;ruke ij vejhdh vkdze.k dks ^,u ,DV vkWQ ,xzslu* ¼geys dh dkjZokbZ½ dgdj tks lp cksyk rks rRdkyhu vejhdh jk"Vªifr fy.Mu tkWulu brus [kQk gks x, fd mUgksusa Hkkjr dks lcd fl[kkus dk QSlyk fd;kA lcd ;g Fkk fd Hkkjr dks ^ih ,y&480* ds rgr vukt ls Hkjk tks tgkt vk jgk Fkk] mls Hkkjr dh vksj u Hkstdj nwljs jkLRsk ij eksM+ fn;k x;kA ml le; gekjs ikl ns'k dks nks g¶rs f[kykus yk;d vukt cpk Fkk vkSj ml le; ds d`f"k o [kk| ea=h lh- lqczge.;e~ dks lpeqp fxM+fxM+kuk iM+k] rc og tgkt fy.Mu lkgc us Hkkjr dh vksj vkus fn;kA D;k 186

gekjs vFkZ'kkL=h vkSj uhfr&fuekZrk Hkkjr dks fQj mlh viekutud fLFkfr esa /kdsyuk pkgrs gSa\

'kkafr ds fy, [kk|kUu [kk|kUu dks ckgj ls eaxkuk jk"Vªh; mRiknu {kerk dks fdl rjg u"V djrk gS\ bldk tokc [kk|kUu mRiknu esa dzkafr ykus ds fy, ^'kkafr ds ukscsy iqjLdkj* ls lEekfur d`f"k oSKkfud Mk- ukWeZu cksyksZx ls c<+dj vkSj dkSu ns ldrk gSA ukWeZu cksyksZx ds dkj.k gh ,f'k;k] mRrjh vQzhdk vkSj e/; vejhdk ds vusd ns'k Hkq[kejh ds paxqy ls fudy ik,A mudk dguk gS fd ^ih ,y&480* ds ^QwM QkWj ihl* dk;Zdze ds v/khu feys vukt dk dbZ txg vlj iM+kA nf{k.k vejhdk esa eSaus ;g dbZ ckj ns[kkA ogka ,sls dbZ NksVs ns'k gSa tgka xsgwa dksbZ vPNh Qly lkfcr ugha gqbZ] D;ksafd ogka dh tyok;q vkSj feV~Vh xsgwa dh [ksrh ds dkfcy ugha gSA ysfdu Åaps igkM+h bykdksa esas vkyw ds vykok NksVs fdlku viuh Qly iz.kkyh esa xsgaw dh [ksrh dks mi;qDr ikdj mldh [ksrh djus yxsA ysfdu tc ladV dky ds fcuk Hkh muds ns'k esa ckgj ls xsgaw vkrk jgk] rks fQj mudk xsgaw dkSu [kjhnrkA bl rjg ,aMht dh igkfM+;ksa esa xsgaw dh [ksrh djus okys fdlkuksa dks ih ,y&480 ds rgr vk jgs xsagw ds dkj.k uqdlku mBkuk iM+kA ftEckos dh felky gS fd ogka [kk|kUu dh deh iwjh djus ds fy, fdlkuksa dks leFkZu ewY; nsus vkSj [kk|kUu ds vk;kr ij jksd yxkus ls Qk;nk gqvkA lu~ vLlh ds ckn ds n'kd ds iwokZ) esa ftEckos ds bl dne ds dkj.k tc fdlkuksa dks leFkZu ewY; feyk] rks ogka eDdk dh iSnkokj frxquh c<+ xbZ vkSj bl c<ksrjh esa lcls cM+k ;ksxnku NksVs fdlkukssa dk FkkA lu~ 1989 rd ftEckos esa 15 yk[k ds djhc Qkyrw eDdk bdðh gks xbZ] ftldk ,d va'k eykoh vkSj ekstkfEcd tSls ns'kksa dh [kk|kUu dh deh iwjh djus ds fy, mUgsa fn;k x;kA ysfdu [kk|kUu lgk;rk ds uke ij lLrs nkeksa ij Hksth xbZ eDdk ds dkj.k ml {ks= ds ns'kksa esa eDdk dh dhersa vkSa/kh vk iM+h Fkha vkSj ftEckos dks viuh Qkyrw eDdk dkQh ?kkVk mBkdj lLrs esa cspuh iM+hA rEckdw tSlh uxnh Qly dks fu;kZr dj ldsa] blds fy, bu ns'kksa dks reke fj;k;rsa nh xbZ]a D;ksafd flxjsV cukus okyh vkSj cspus okyh cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ks adks lLrk dPpk eky feyrk jgs] ;g T;knk t:jh FkkA urhtk ;g gqvk fd cgqr ls fdlku eDdk dh [ksrh NksM+dj rEckdw dh [ksrh djus yxsA m/kj lw[ks us ftEckos dks fQj ls Hkw[k ds paxqy esa /kdsy fn;k vkSj lu~ 1992 esa eDdk dh iSnkokj bruh ?kV xbZ fd ogka 14 yk[k Vu eDdk dh deh gks xbZA

lLrk [kk|kUu vk;kr m:Xos nkSj dh okrkZvksa esa czkthy dks ;g le>k tk jgk Fkk fd mlus d`f"k&O;kikj ds eqÌs ij thr gkfly dh gSA ysfdu czkthy ds fdlkuksa ij ogka ykxw gq, mnkjhdj.k dk fdruk mYVk vlj iM+k vkSj os Hkh gkf'k, ij pys x,] ;g /;ku 187

nsus ;ksX; gSA NskVs fdlkuksa ds fy, ogka [ksrh djuk nwHkj gks x;k vkSj cgqr ls fdlku vius [ksr csp&csp dj 'kgjksa esa tkdj etnwjh djus yxsA blh rjg fQyhfiUl] vtsZaVhuk] eSfDldks vkSj ;eu Hkh mnkjhdj.k dh dBksj ekj dh tkrh tkxrh felky gaSA ogka ckgj ls lLrk vukt eaxk;k x;k rks mldk lh/kk vlj NksVs fdlkuksa ij iM+kA lkFk gh yk[kksa [ksfrgj etnwjksa dh iwjd thfodk vkSj xjhch ls tw>us dh izfdz;k izHkkfor gqbZA muds fy, jkstxkj ds volj de gks x,A vkenuh ?kV xbZA jksth&jksVh feyuk eqf'dy gks x;kA lLrk vukt vkSj xksekal muds cktkjksa esa iVd dj ;wjksih ns'kksa ds vukt O;kikfj;ksa us lgkjk ds fupys bykds ds ns'kksa esa [ksrh dh etcwr cqfu;kn [kks[kyh dj nh] ;g lcdks irk gSA ;gka gekjs egk&vFkZ'kkL=h ckgj ls lLrk vukt eaxkus dh nyhysa ns jgs gSa vkSj m/kj Ik;kZoj.k vkSj vkfFkZd n`f"V nksuksa rjg ls eagxk iM+us ij Hkh vejhdk vius ;gka vUu mRiknu c<+krk tk jgk gSA lu~ 2010 rd vejhdk nqfu;k esa lcls vf/kd [kk|kUu iSnk djus okys ns'k dh gSfl;r rd igqapus dk liuk ns[k jgk gSA mls cM+h rdyhQ gS fd Hkkjr xsgaw vkSj nw/k nksuksa dh iSnkokj esa mls ihNs NksM+dj izFke LFkku ij igaqp x;k gSA vejhdk ds izkS|ksfxdh ewY;kadu ds dk;kZy; us ;g x.kuk dh gS fd tSo izkS|ksfxdh dh lgk;rk ls vejhdk ;g liuk iwjk dj ysxkA fglkc yxk;k x;k gS fd lu~ 2010 rd vejhdk esa eDdk] lks;kchu vkSj xsgaw dh iSnkokj dze'k% 21 izfr'kr vkSj 35 izfr'kr c<+ tk,xhA bldk eryc ;g gksxk fd vejhdk vius ns'k esa rks budh [kir dj ugha ik,xk vkSj Qkyrw vukt dks rhljh nqfu;k ds cktkjksa esa iVdus ds fy, mu ij Hkkjh ncko cuk,xk vkSj gj rjg ds gFkdaMs viuk,xkA [kk| vkSj d`f"k ds {ks= esa tks yksx eqDr O;kikj dh is'kd'k djrs gSa os ;g Hkwy tkrs gSa fd eqDr O;kikj dk eryc gksxk fd ftUgsa mldh lcls T;knk t:jr gS] mu rd jksVh&pkoy ugha igaqap ldsxkA Hkkjr esa d`f"k&fu;kZrdksa] fu;kZr&;ksX; Qly iSnk djus okyksa vkSj cM+s O;kikjh fdlkuksa dks enn nsus dh dksf'k'ksa iwjs tksj ij gSaA ns[kk tk, rks eqDr d`f"k&O;kikj dh odkyr ml le; dh tk jgh g]S tc Hkkjr esa xsgaw ] /kku dk nqQlyh {ks= iSnkokj esa vk, Bgjko dh leL;k ls vkdzkUr gSA tcfd gekjs ns'k dk [kk|kUu HkaMkj bUgha nks Qlyksa dh vf/kd iSnkokj ds dkj.k Hkjk jgrk gSA vkSj lu~ 2001&2002 esa rks Ng djksM+ Vu ds vklikl igaqp x;k vkSj lcds fy, fljnnZ cu x;kA ljdkj ds ikl j[kus ds fy, txg ughaA O;kikjh [kjhnus dks rS;kj ughaA vxj gekjs /kku&xsgaw {ks= esa fdlku bu Qlyksa dh [ksrh NksM+dj nwljh Qlysa mxkus yxs rks gekjh d`f"k fVdkÃ&#x2026;iu vkSj [kk|kUu esa gekjh vkRe&fuHkZjrk nksuksa gh [krjs esa iM+ tk,axsA gekjs d`f"k&{ks= ij eaMjkrs bl ladV ij ftruk /;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg, vHkh fn;k ugha x;kA

188

tc ls HkweaMyhdj.k vkSj mnkjhdj.k gekjs lksp ij gkoh gq, gSa] rc ls ljdkj dk lkjk /;ku d`f"k O;kikj dks c<+kus esa yxk gqvk gSA og fons'kh iwath&fuos'k vkSj fu;kZr Hkh d`f"k O;kikj esa c<+s] bldh dksf'k'k dj jgh gSA Åij ls ns[kus esa blesa dksbZ [kjkch ugha utj vkrhA exj xgjkbZ ls vkadsa rks [kjkch gh [kjkch gSA blesa bl ckr dh vuns[kh dh xbZ gS fd d`f"k&mRiknu vkSj xjhcksa ds fy, viuh thfodk dh lqj{kk ds fy, jkstxkj ds volj] bu nksuksa esa xgjk tqM+ko gSA mudh vkenuh c<+us dk vkSj viuh Hkw[k feVkus dk ,d ;gh tfj;k gSA tc ls [ksrh esa equkQk ?kVk gS] xkaoksa ls 'kgjksa dh vksj vkcknh dk iyk;u c<+k gSSA ,slh vk'kadk izdV dh xbZ gS fd lu~ 2010 rd xkaoksa ls 'kgjksa dh vksj iyk;u esa bruh c<+ksrjh gksxh fd fczVsu] teZuh vkSj Qzkal bu rhuksa ns'kksa dh tula[;k ds cjkcj xzkeh.k yksx xkao NksM+dj 'kgjksa esa tk clsaxsA xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk vHkh rd d`f"k ij vk/kkfjr jgh gSA yksx [ksr NksM+dj py nsxsa rks xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk dk D;k gksxk\ ;gh gS cjcknh dk [krjkA

[kk|&O;kikj dk HkweaMyh; dwM+k?kj gekjs ns'k esa ftl rjg ?kfV;k vukt vkSj nwljh ftlas iVdh tk jgh gSa] mlls yxrk gS fd vehj ns'k Hkkjr dks [kk| O;kikj dk HkweaMyh; dwMk?kj cukus esa rqys gq, gSaA tks dgha u [kis mls Hkkjr ds cktkjksa esa iVd nsrs gSaA [kk| oLrqvksa ds xq.koRrk laca/kh ekudksa ds ckjs esa Hkkjr ljdkj dh <hy vehj ns'kksa ds bl ?kfV;k :[k dks vkSj c<+kok ns jgh gSA rHkh rks vejhdh d`f"k foHkkx us vejhdk ds frygu mRikndksa dh j{kk ds fy, Hkkjr dks fu'kkuk cukus dh dksf'k'k dhA ;wjksi esa tc vejhdk dk thekarfjr [kk|kUu ugha vkus fn;k x;k rks vc vejhdk dh dksf'k'k gS fd fdlh u fdlh cgkus og bl ^th ,e QwM* dks Hkkjr ds cktkjksa esa [kik nsA m/kj ;wjksih la?k us rks Hkkjr ls ewaxQyh dk ;wjksi esa fu;kZr djus ij bl cgkus ls ikcanh yxk nh Fkh fd Hkkjr dh ewaxQyh esa v¶ykVkWfDlu uked ;kSfxd dk va'k vf/kd gSA ysfdu b/kj Hkkjr vejhdk ls ijkthuh lks;kchu dh yxHkx nl yk[k Vu ek=k [kjhnus ds fy, yxHkx rS;kj gks x;k FkkA bl rjg Hkkjr ds [kk| O;kikj ds ckjs esa varjkZ"Vªh; cktkjksa esa ,d rjg dk xyr lans'k iagqpkA gekjs ns'k dh ewaxQyh esa v¶ykVkWfDlu dh ek=k ges'kk gh T;knk gksrh gks ,slk ugh gSA tc ewaxQyh dh [kqnkbZ ls igys gh cjlkr gks tk;s rks ueh esa v¶ykVkWfDlu iSnk djus okyh QQawnh iSnk gks tkrh gSA ysfdu lHkh ewxaQyh&mRiknd {kss=ksa esa fQj Hkh ,slk ugha gksrk fd dqle; o"kkZ gksA v¶ykVkWfDlu dks dSalj tud ik;k x;k gSA ysfdu ewxaQyh dks xje djus] Hkwuus ;k ryus ij ;g ;kSfxd u"V gks tkrs gSaA bl rjg ,dk/k uewus esa v¶ykVkWfDlu dh vf/kd ek=k ik, tkus ;k fQj gekjs gh oSKkfudksa ds 'kks/ki=ksa ds vk/kkj ij ;wjksi us ;g dne mBk;k Fkk] tks xyr Fkk vkSj ftldk fojks/k fd;k tkuk pkfg, FkkA

189

vejhdk ls lks;kchu dh fdLesa igys Hkh vkrh jgh gSaA ysfdu ml le; rd ijkthuh lks;kchu dk fodkl ugha gqvk FkkA gekjs ns'k esa de ls de ikap fons'kh [kjirokj vejhdk ls vk;kfrr lks;kchu ds lkFk vk pqds gSaA blh rjg 11 fo"kk.kq&jksx Hkh vejhdh lks;kchu ds lkFk Hkkjr esa ?kql vk,A gekjk ikS/k&laxjks/k dk egdek bruk <hyk gS fd bl rjg dh nq?kZVuk,a gksrh gh jgrh gSaA lacaf/kr vf/kdkfj;ksa dh eqðh xje djds vki bl ns'k esa jksxksa vkSj dhVO;kf/k;ksa ls Hkjh ikS/k&lkexzh ls ysdj u'khyh lkexzh rd dqN Hkh yk ldrs gSaA lks;kchu ds lkFk vk, nks fo"kk.kq&jksx rks djksM+ksa :Ik;ksa dh Qlyksa dk gj lky uqdlku djus yxs gSaA yxrk gS tSls ,d v?kksf"kr tSo&;q) d`f"k ds {ks= esa py iM+k gS fd [kk|kUu] cht vkSj ikS/k lkexzh ds lkFk chekfj;ka vkSj dhVO;kf/k;ka Hkkjr esa Hkst nks] rkfd nqfu;k dh lcls cM+h gjh rkdr cuus dk Hkkjr dk liuk dHkh iwjk u gksA b/kj gekjs ns'k dk gky ;g gS fd ftl lks;kchu dh gesa drbZ t:jr ugha gS] mls ge [kjhnus ds fy, rS;kj gks x,A ;gh ugha cfYd xqtjkr ds dk.Myk canjxkg ij vejhdh lks;kchu ds Hk.Mkj.k dh vyx ls O;oLFkk djus ds fy, Hkh jkth gks x,A ;gka ij lks;kchu dh NaVkbZ Hkh dh tkuh Fkh fd mlds lkFk dksbZ [kjirokj ns'k esa izos'k u dj tk,A ysfdu fo"kk.kqvksa dks Hkyk dSls jksdk tkrk\ D;k ;g ftEesnkjh [kqn vejhdk dh ugha gksuh pkfg, Fkh fd og bldh tkap djs fd Hkkjr dks Hksth tk jgh lks;kchu dh [ksi esa lks;kchu dk gj nkuk jksxeqDr gks vkSj mlds lkFk fdlh Hkh rjg ds [kjirokjksa ds cht u feys gksaA ysfdu ;gka rks vejhdk dh eq¶r esa ;k=k djus ds fy, ykykf;r gekjs iz'kkldksa dk ;g gky gS fd ^th gqtwj vki D;ksa rdyhQ mBk,aA ;g dke rks ge vius ;gka djk ysaxsA* ijkthuh lks;kchu dk rks 'kk;n gekjs vf/kdkfj;ksa dks ;g Hkh irk u gks fd ;g gksrh D;k gS! ,slh nfj;knyh ge vejhdh [kk|&O;kikfj;ksa ds fy, gh ugha fn[kk jgs] cfYd blls igys vkLVªsfy;k ds [kk|&O;kikfj;ksa ds izfr Hkh fn[kk pqds gSaA ckgj ls ?kfV;k [kk|kUu dks csjksdVksd ns'k esa vkus nsus dk gesa [kklk vPNk vuqHko gSA vkLVªsfy;k ls ,slk xsgaw vkus fn;k x;k] ftlds lkFk ns'k esa 44 [kjirokjksa ds cht Hkh vk x,] ftlesa ls 15 fons'kh FksA ;s [kjirokj brus [krjukd gksrs gSa fd varjk"Vªh; Lrj ij budks ^vkb , ,l* ;kfu ^buosfto ,fy;u Lih'kht* dgk tkrk gS] fQj Hkys gh ;g uke gekjs vkb , ,l vf/kdkfj;ksa ds xys u mrjsA ;s vkdzked fons'kh iztkfr;ka vkfFkZd n`f"V ls fdruk uqdlku igqapkrh gaS] bldk vanktk yxkuk gh eqf'dy gSA b/kj ge ?kfV;k vukt Hkh vkus ns jgs gSa vkSj m/kj nwljs ns'k gekjs ;gka ls fu;kZr gks jgh [kk| oLrqvksa ij rjg&rjg ds cgkuksa ls ikcafn;ka yxk jgs gSa] rkfd ckdh nqfu;k Hkh ;g eku ys fd Hkkjr esa xq.koRRkk dk dksbZ [;ky ugha j[kk tkrkA ;wjksih la?k us ckaXykns'k vkSj eSMkxkLdj ls ;wjksih la?k dks fu;kZr fd, tk jgs ^leqnzh [kk|* ¼lh QwM&>haxk] eNyh] dsdM+s]lhih oxSjg½ ij ikcanh yxk nhA blds fy, rksger ;g yxkbZ xbZ fd bu ns'kksa ds ^lh QwM* esa ?kkrd thok.kq ¼cSDVhfj;k½ ekStwn 190

gSa] tks ekuo&LokLF; ds fy, [krjk iSnk dj ldrs gSaA dgha fdlh uewus esa lkYeksusyk ;k fofozvks iztkfr ds thok.kq fey x, gksxsa] rks cl yxk nks ikcanhA Hkkjr ls ;g lh&QwM cQZ es atek&tek;k Hkstk tkrk gSA ,d&,d leqnzh [kk| dh NaVkbZ dh tkrh gSA fu;kZr ds fy, lgh vkdkj ds jksxeqDr leqnzh [kk| dks gh pquk tkrk gSA fQj Hkh ,dk/k uewuk xyr tk ldrk gSA ysfdu mlds vk/kkj ij iwjh [ksi okil dj nh tk, ;k fQj fu;kZr ij ikcanh yxk nh tk,] ;g ,dne xyr gSA ;wjksih la?k le;&le; ij vius [kk| ekud cnyrk Hkh jgrk gSA vc ;s lHkh ns'k vius [kk| ekudksa dks cjkcj bruk dM+k cuk jgs gSa fd NksVs&eksVs ns'k rks mudk ikyu gh ugha dj ldrsA vly esa vf/kdrj ns'kksa ds ikl Ik;kZoj.k vkSj LokLF; dh n`f"V ls ekU; [kk| ekudksa ds vuqikyu dk cqfu;knh <kapk Hkh ugha gSA bl cqfu;knh <kaps esa os eagxs midj.k Hkh 'kkfey gSa ftuesa ls [kk| oLrq,a xqtkjh tk,a rks e'khu crk nsrh gS fd fdlesa jksx ;k dhM+k yxk gSA mldks fudkydj Qsad fn;k tkrk gSA bl rjg pqfuank jksxeqDr [kk| oLrq,a gh fu;kZr dh tkrh gSaA elyu tkiku us ,d ,slk midj.k cuk;k gS ftlessa ls ,d&,d vke xaqtjrk gS rkfd mlds lkFk ^QzwV ¶ykbZ* ¼Qy eD[kh½ ;k mlds vaMs u pys tk,a ;k fQj dksbZ vkSj jksx ;k dhM+k u pyk tk,A bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd ;s cM+s&cM+s ns'k gesa ;g crk jgs gSa fd vxj gesa viuk eky cspuk gS] rks ml eky dks tkapus dh gekjh e'khujh [kjhnksA ;g e'khujh fdruh eagxh gksxh] bldk vanktk yxkuk eqf'dy gSA yk[kksa Mkyj dk [kpZ gSA [kpZ ugha ldrs rks fo'o cSad ls dtkZ yksA bl rjg ,d nq'pdz gS] ftlesa ge Mkyj dekus ds ykyp esa Qalrs tk jgs gSaA vkLVªsfy;k ds xsgaw esa tc [kjirokjksa ds cht ik, x, vkSj xsgaw ?kfV;k fudyk rks ehfM;k esa Nih fjiksZVksa ls ?kcjkdj vkLVªsfy;k dks ;g rks dgk x;k fd ^Iyht gekjs lkFk ,slk er djks* ysfdu vkLVªsfy;k ds xsgaw O;kikfj;ksa ds lkFk muls xsgaw [kjhnus dk djkjukek jn~n ugha fd;k x;kA rHkh rks vejhdh xsgaw fodzsrkvksa vkSj vU; vukt O;kikfj;ksa esa bruh fgEer vk xbZ fd os Hkkjr ds okf.kT; ea=ky; ls dgus yxs fd fo'o O;kikj laxBu us [kk| oLrqvksa ds vk;kr&fu;kZr ds fy, xq.koRrk laca/kh tks ekud r; fd, gSa] os vejhdh [kk| oLrqvksa ij ykxw u fd, tk,aA ^ih ,y&480* ds varxZr lkBkfnd esa Hkh ,slk gh ?kfV;k xsgaw vkrk jgk vkSj mlds lkFk ^Qsysfjl ekbuj* ;kuh ^xsgaw dk ekek* ;k ^xqYyh MaM+k* tSlk [krjukd [kjirokj vk x;k] ftlus xsgaw dh [ksrh dks vjcksa :Ik;ksa dk uqdlku igaqpk;k gS] vkSj ftldh jksdFkke dj ikuk vkt rd fdlkuksa ds fy, fljnnZ cuk gqvk gSA vxj ehfM;k gYyk u epkrk rks bl ckj Hkh ge vejhdk dh izkFkZuk dks mldk gqDe ekudj ?kfV;k [kk| oLrq,sa vkus nsrsA

191

gkyr ;g gS fd gels rks vehj ns'k fcYdqy 'kq) vkSj lkQ&lqFkjh [kk| oLrq,sa pkgrs gSa vkSj [kqn gj rjg dk ?kfV;k eky iVduk pkgrs gSaA nqHkkZX; ;g gS fd gekjs vf/kdkjhx.k bl rjg dh gjdrksa dks cnkZ'r djrs jgrs gSaA vkLVªsfy;k ls tc dgk x;k fd og xsgaw dks lkQ djds Hksts rks mlus lkQ euk dj fn;k fd ysuk gS rks tSlk gS] oSlk gh yksA nwljh vksj Hkkjr] ckaXykns'k vkSj eSMkxkLdj us vius ^lh QwM* ds fu;kZr ij ls ikcanh gVkus dh xqtkfj'k dh rks ;wjksih la?k us ikcanh gVkus ls euk dj fn;kA cgqr fxM+fxM+kus ij xq.koRrk dh 'krZ dk;e j[kh xbZ vkSj mldk dM+kbZ ls vuqikyu djus ds vuqca/k ds ckn gh ;wjksih la?k us eq[;r% vius fodzsrkvksa vkSj miHkksDrkvksa ds ncko ls ikcanh gVkbZA ge rks bu ekeyksa es anfj;kfnyh fn[kkus dk Hkkjh [kkfe;ktk Hkqxr jgs gSaA ^yS.Vkuk dek'k* ;kuh dqjh uked [kjirokj Hkh Hkkjr esa ckgj ls gh vk;k Fkk vkSj vc iwjs ns'k esa Nk x;k gSA blus gekjs ouksa vkSj d`f"k dks fdruh gkfu igqapkbZ gS] bldk vanktk yxkuk eqf'dy gSA vdsys ^Qsyksfjl ekbuj* ¼xqYyh M+aM+k½ us xsgaw dh iSnkokj esa 25 izfr'kr dh deh djds Hkkjh uqdlku igqapk;k gSA D;k vejhdk vkSj vkLVªsfy;k bl uqdlku dh Hkjik;h djsaxs] D;ksafd ;g [kjirokj nwljs [kjirokjksa ds lkFk vejhdh vkSj vkLVªsfy;kbZ xsgaw ds lkFk gh Hkkjr esa vk;k FkkA vly esa lu~ 1988 esa cht dkuwu esa cnyko vkSj ubZ jk"Vªh; cht uhfr ykxw djus ds ckn ls] tc ls ckgj cht vkSj ikS/k lkexzh vkus yxh rks yxHkx 40 gkfudkjd dhVO;kf/k;ka Hkkjr esa izfo"V gks pqdh gSaA buesa ls vf/kdrj Qwyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa ds chtksa ds lkFk vkbZ gSaA budh jksdFkke ds rjhds [kkstus esa gh Hkkjrh; d`f"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn ¼vkb lh , vkj½ dks djksM+ksa :Ik;s vkSj vius oSKkfudksa dk vewY; le; [kpZuk iM+sxkA gekjs Qwy&mRikndksa vkSj lCth&mRikndksa dk tks djksM+ksa :Ik;s izfro"kZ dk uqdlku gksxk] og vyxA bu chtksa dks eaxkus okyksa ds f[kykQ ljdkj dksbZ dkjZokbZ ugha dj ikrh] bldk jgL; le> ikuk eqf'dy ugha gSA vly esa reke lacaf/kr ljdkjh foHkkx [kk|&O;kikfj;ksa] cht&O;kikfj;ksa oxSjg ds fy, gh dke djrs gSaA fdlkuksa dh ;k d`f"k vuqla/kku dh mUgsa drbZ fpark ugha gSA d`f"k&oSKkfud rks [kklrkSj ls mudh vka[kksa dh fdjfdjh gSa] D;ksafd mudh otg ls [kk|kUu dk mRiknu bruk c<+ x;k gS fd gekjs ukSdj'kkgksa ds fy, fljnnZ cu x;k gSA os Hkh D;k lqugjs fnu Fks] tc gekjs iz'kkld dgka ls xsgaw [kjhnsa] ;g r; djus ds fy, reke nqfu;k ds ns'kksa esa tk;k djrs FksA mudh iwjh dksf'k'k gS fd Hkkjr dk d`f"k vuqla/kku vkSj Hkkjrh; d`f"k pkSiV gks tk, vkSj os lqugjs fnu fQj ykSV vk,aaA xsgaw gh ugha lc [kkuiku ckgj ls vkus yxsA fQj Hkys gh ijkthuh [kk| oLrq,Wa gksa ;k mudsa lkFk reke rjg ds [kjirokj vkSj dhVO;kf/k;ka vk tk,aA ge ;g Hkwy tkrs gSa fd dsoy ,d chekjh &ysV CykbV ;kuh iNsrh vaxekjh us vk;jyS.M esa vkyw dk vdky iSnk dj fn;k 192

Fkk vkSj Hkq[kejh Qsyk nh FkhA tc iatkc esa ckgj ls ?kfV;k fdLe dk nw/k ikmMj ckgj ls vk;k rks ogka ml ij rqjar jksd yxkbZ xbZA ;g ,d vPNh igy FkhA ,slh gh dM+kbZ ge ,slh lHkh [kk| oLrqvksa vkSj [kk|kUu ds fy, cjrsa tks ckgj ls vk jgh gS] rks varjkZ"Vªh; cktkj esa lgh lans'k igaqpsxk fd Hkkjr [kk|&O;kikj esa ukSfl[k;k ugha gS] ftls dqN Hkh cspdj ew[kZ cuk;k tk ldsA

dkjfxy dk lcd ikfdLrku us Hkkjr dh lhek esa 8 ls 10 fdyksehVj rd vanj ?kql dj dadjhV ds cadj cuk fy, tks rhu&rhu eafty rd tehu ls uhps cuk, x, Fks] vkSj gesa t+jk Hkh Hkud ugha iM+hA dkjfxy dh igkfM+;ksa esa lcls ÅapkbZ ij ikfdLrkuh lsuk dh bl djrwr dk irk gesa iwjs ikap eghus ckn pyk! rc ge psrs vkSj bl {ks= ls ikfdLrkuh lsuk dks [knsM+us ds fy, yxHkx 30]000 lSfudksa dks tw>uk iM+kA budk lkFk fn;k gekjs rksi[kkus vkSj ok;qlsuk usA geus ikfdLrkfu;ksa dks lcd rks fl[kk fn;k] ysfdu gesa Hkh blls lcd ysuk pkfg, fd ;g dSls gqvk fd nq'eu brus vanj vkdj freaftys cadj cuk jgk Fkk vkSj gekjh pkSdlh] tklwlh vkSj lwpuk&ra= lc lqUu iM+s jgsA dqN ,slk gh fo'o O;kikj laxBu ¼MCY;w- Vh- vks-½ dh lnL;rk ysus ds ikap lky ckn gqvkA ejkds'k esa bl laxBu dh LFkkiuk ds ikap lky ckn Hkkjr bl vleku varjkZ"Vªh; le>kSrs ds lkekftd&vkfFkZd cks> rys djkg jgk FkkA ml le; tks Hkh blds fy, ftEesnkj Fks] mUgksaus fugk;r gh xSj&ft+Eesnkjkuk <ax ls tgka dgk x;k] ogka gLrk{kj dj fn, vkSj [kqn gh ml oSKkfud rFkk vkfFkZd vyxko dks nkor ns nh] ftlds ckjs esa gesa igys gh fo'ys"k.k dj ysuk pkfg, Fkk vkSj le> ysuk pkfg, Fkk fd bl Hkwy ds D;k urhts gksaxsA tc lc dqN gks x;k rc gekjs okf.kT; lfpo ;g Lohdkj djrs gSa fd gkWa] gels lpeqp Hkwy gqbZA ysfdu vc iNrk, gksr D;k] tc fpfM+;k pqx xbZa [ksrA Hkwy Lohdkj dj ysus ds ckn Hkh ge MCY;w- Vh- vksds tky esa bl rjg Qalrs tk jgs gSa fd lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd fouk'k gesa fuxyus dks eqagck, [kM+k gSA ikfdLrku ds v?kksf"kr ;q) esa 'kghn gq, tokuksa ds ifjokj ftl =klnh ls xqt+j jgsa gksaxs] mldk vuqeku yxkuk dfBu ugha gS vkSj iwjk ns'k mu 'kghnksa ds izfr ureLrd gS] ftUgksaus ns'k dh j{kk ds fy, vius izk.k U;kSNkoj fd,A ysfdu MCY;wVh- vks- dh lnL;rk xzg.k djds ns'k dk Hkfo"; fxjoh j[k nsus dh dher rks iwjs 100 djksM+ ls vf/kd ifjokjksa dks pqdkuh gksxh] cfYd vxyh ihf<+;ka u tkus dc rd pqdk;saxha vkSj gesa dkslsaxha fd geus muds ckjs esa dqN Hkh ugha lkspkA ;g Hk;adj Hkwy Hkkjr ds ^vkfFkZd&m|ksx&jktuhfrd* {ks= ds usrkvksa vkSj vf/kdkfj;ksa us D;ksa dh] blds ckjs es lkQ+&lkQ+ dqN ugha dgk tk ldrkA ysfdu bruk t+:j irk gS fd dqN vf/kdkjh rks bl Hkwy dh ,ot esa buke ds rkSj ij MCY;w- Vh- vksds lfpoky; esa eksVs osru okyh ukSdfj;ka ik x, vkSj dqN dks nwljs varjkZ"Vªh; 193

laxBuksa esa txg nh xbZA bl rjg Hkkjr dh izHkqlRrk vkSj vfLerk dks cspdj bu yksxksa us LokFkksZa dh iwfrZ dhA vkt ns'k ds lkeus tks vkfFkZd ladV vk [kM+k gqvk gS] og blh Hkwy dk urhtk gSA bl rjg dkjfxy ;q) vkSj MCY;w- Vh- vksls izse ds chp vkSj Hkh lekurk,a gSaA ftl rjg ikfdLrkuh ?kqliSfB, fcuk fdlh izfrjks/k ds ikap eghus rd gekjh lhek dk mYya?ku djrs jgs] mlh rjg MCY;w- Vh- vksds le>kSrs dks Hkh fcuk fdlh lkFkZd izfrjks/k ds Lohdkj dj fy;k x;kA dqN laxBuksa us vkokt+ mBk;h Hkh rks mUgsa vulquk dj fn;k x;kA dgk tkrk gS fd lhek ij py jgh nq'eu dh xfrfof/k;ksa dk gekjh [kqfQ;k ,tsafl;ksa dks irk Fkk] ysfdu mUgsa lacaf/kr vf/kdkfj;ks adks crk;k gh ugha x;k vkSj xqIr j[kk x;kA dqN ,slk gh MCY;w- Vh- vksds ekeys esa Hkh gqvk fd lc dqN xqipqi fd;k x;k vkSj geus D;k&D;k eku fy;k gS] ;g lc ns'k dh turk ls iwjs ikaap lky rd Nqik;k x;kA dkjfxy esa tc ?kqliSB cnkZ'r ls ckgj gks x;h] rc ge psrs vkSj lSfud dkjZokbZ 'kq: dhA MCY;w- Vh- vksls I;kj ds urhts tc ut+j vkus yxs] rc geus LoSfPNd laxBuksa dh vkokt+ lquuh 'kq: dh vkSj muls lykg ysus yxs fd crkvks vc D;k djsaA ysfdu bl chp bruk uqDlku gks pqdk Fkk] ftldh HkjikbZ djuk eqf'dy gSA 'kk;n ;g gekjs ns'k dh vknr cu pqdh gSA ns'k ekus gekjs vf/kdkjhx.k vkSj jktusrkvksa dhA os gj ckr dks Nqikdj j[krs gSa] rkfd budh xyfr;kaa turk dks irk u pysaA pkgs ns'k dh j{kk dk loky gks] fons'kh ekeys gksa ;k fQj vkfFkZd xqykeh yknh tk jgh gks] ljdkj ?ku?kksj pqIih lk/ks jgrh gSA vkSj tc uqdlku gks tkrk gS] rc phj&QkM+ 'kq: gksrh gS fd D;ksa gqvk] dSls gqvk] fdlus fd;k] jksdk D;ksa ughaA vDlj bl cgl dh 'kq:vkr ogh yksx djrs gSa] tks blds fy, ftEesnkj gSa vkSj vius cM+cksysiu ds dkj.k nafMr fd, tkus dh ctk; mUgsa inksUufr;ka vkSj nwljs buke&bdjke fey tkrs gSaA bl rjg ;g nq'pdz pyrk jgrk gSA lwpuk ij fu;a=.k dh bl iz.kkyh dh ftruh HkRlZuk dh tk;s] de gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, MCY;w- Vh- vks- 'kq: ls gh ;g ncko cuk, Fkk fd Hkkjr vius isVs.V&dkuwu cnysA ysfdu ljdkj us ns'k dks bl ckjs esa va/ksjs esa j[kkA vDlj bl rjg dh ckrsa nwljs ns'kksa esa dk;Zjr LoSfPNd laxBuksa ls irk pyrh gSaA ckSf)d lEink ds vf/kdkjksa dks ysdj Hkh ,d rjg dh pqIih vkSj xksiuh;rk cjrh xbZA tc fd ;s nksuksa eqÃ&#x152;s ,sls gSa] ftu ij ljdkj dks [kqyh cgl djkuh pkfg, Fkh vkSj turk dks iwjh rjg ls crkuk pkfg, Fkk fd D;k ns'k ds fgr esa gS vkSj D;k ns'k ds fgr esa ugha gSA dkuwu dks cnyus ls cgqr igys ;g dke 'kq: dj nsuk pkfg,A ysfdu ljdkj dh ctk; ;g ftEesnkjh LoSfPNd laxBuksa us fuHkkbZA ysfdu ogh gqvk fd rc rd dkQh nsj gks pqdh FkhA vc rks u;k isVs.V dkuwu laln us ikfjr dj fn;k gSa muds dqN Qk;ns Hkh gksaxs vkSj uqdlku HkhA ysfdu vc dqN fd;k ugha tk ldrkA tks Hkh gksxk Hkqxruk iM+sxk %& m|ksxksa dks Hkh vkSj d`f"k&{ks= dks HkhA

194

lPpkbZ Nqikdj ljdkj gesa ;gh crkrh jgh fd O;kikj laca/kh izfrca/k gVk nsus ls ns'kh m|ksxksa ij dksbZ cqjk vlj ugha iM+sxkA ;g Hkh dgk x;k fd fdlkuksa ds fgrksa dh j{kk dh tk;sxhA ,d ds ckn nwljs foRrea=h vkSj d`f"k ea=h bl ckr dks nqgjkrs jgsA ;g Hkh dgk x;k fd Hkqxrku ds larqyu dh [kjkc fLFkfr ds ckotwn Hkkjr ckgj ls vkus okyh lLrh phtksa ls dksbZ vlj ugha iM+xk] D;ksafd budks eaxkus ds fy, vko';d fons'kh eqnzk gh miyC/k ugha gksxhA ljdkj ds bl vk'oklu dh gkaa esa gkaa feykus esa gekjs os lHkh laxBu Hkh ihNs ugha jgs] tks LOk;a dks m|ksxksa dk fgrj{kd crkrs gSa] tSls fd ^dksUQhMjs'ku vkWQ bf.M;u b.MLVªh* ¼lh- vkb- vkb½] QsMjs'ku vkWQ bf.M;u pSEclZ vkWQ dkWelZ ,.M b.MLVªh ¼fQDdh½ vkSj ^,lksfl,'ku vkWQ pSEclZ vkWQ dkWelZ ,.M b.MLVªh* ¼,lkspSe½A bUgksaus MCY;w- Vh- vksds lkeus ?kqVus Vsd nsus dk D;k vlj iM+sxk] blds ckjs esa dksbZ xaHkhj fo'ys"k.k fd;k gks] rks ;s gh tkusaA

lwvjksa dks cuk jgs gSa QSDVjh eqxhZ] VdhZ] vkSj 'kqrqjeqxZ ds ckn vc uacj vk;k gS lwvjksa dkA vejhdk esa lwvj dk ekl cgqr ilan fd;k tkrk gSA gkykaafd ekalkgkj eksVkis lfgr reke jksxksa dh tM+ gS] fQj Hkh bldh yr NwVrh ughaA ysfdu ekalkgkj ds fy, eqxhZ] VdhZ vkSj 'kqrqjeqxZ dks tYnh eksVk djus ds fy, muesa o`f)&gkeksZu c<+kus okys thu ¼oa'kk.kq½ Mkys x, rks mudk bu fujhg izkf.k;ksa ij cqjk vlj iM+kA eqxsZ dh Vkaxsa ekalkgfj;ksa dks vf/kd Lokfn"V yxrh gSa] blfy, pkj Vkaxksa okyh uLy cuk MkyhA cspkjk pkj Vkaxksa ij py Hkh ugha ikrkA larqyu fcxM+ tkrk gSA lwvj esa igys rks mls tYnh eksVk djus okyk thu Mkyk x;k vkSj vc mls iwjh QSDVjh cukuk pkgrs gSaA vejhdk esa lwvj ds ekl dk m|ksx rsth ls c<+k gSA mls foŸkh; lgk;rk nsus dh cSadksa esa gksM+ yxh gSA foŸkh; laxBuksa us Hkh viuh frtksfj;ka [kksy nh gSa fd pkgs ftruk _.k ys tkvksA vejhdk dk ;g lwvj&m|ksx vius ikao iwjh nqfu;k esa ilkj jgk gSA ekalkgjh O;atu cukus okyh vusd daifu;ka viuh Ja[kyk Hkkjr lfgr vusd ns'kksas esa [kksy pqdh gSaA ;s yqHkkous foKkiu nsdj yksxksa dks ekalkgkj dh vksj [khap jgh gSa] fQj Hkys gh mudk LokLF; pkSiV gks tk;sA m/kj vejhdk esa LokLF; vkSj i;kZoj.k laca/kh dkuwu cM+s dM+s gSa vkSj mudk ikyu u djus ij Hkkjh tqekZuk vkSj lt+k nksuksa dk Mj jgrk gSA blfy, cgqjk"Vªh; ekalkgkj daifu;ka vejhdk esa Hkh mRrj dh txg nf{k.k&if'pe vejhdk esa viuh QSDVfj;ka yxk jgh gSA lkFk gh Hkkjr tSls fodkl'khy ns'kksa es viuk dkjksckj pykus ds fy, cspSu gSaA bl rjg i;kZoj.k dks iznwf"kr djus okyk vkSj LokLF; dks pkSiV djus okyk mudk ekal&O;kikj /khjs&/khjs Hkkjr esa cncw QSyk jgk gSA eSdMksuYM uked cgqjk"Vªh; [kk| daiuh ij xksekal dk bLrseky djus ds dkj.k fons'k esa cls ,d Hkkjrh; us gh nkok Bksad fn;k FkkA eSdMksuYM dks ekQh ekaxuh iM+h fd ,slh xyrh vkxs ugha djsxkA

195

mRrjh vejhdk esa lwvj dk ekal vf/kdkf/kd iSnk djus dk ,d dk;Zdze cuk;k x;kA fczVsu esa êSM dkm* jksx QSyk] D;ksafd xk;ksa dks dlkbZ[kkus dh Nhtu muds nkus esa feykdj f[kykbZ xbZ FkhA bl rjg yk[kksa xk; ogka ekj nh xbZaA blds ckn fczVsu ls xksekal dk fu;kZr can gks x;kA bldk Qk;nk mBkus ds fy, vejhdk us lwvj dk ekal fu;kZr djus dh rS;kjh tksj&'kksj ls 'kq: dj nhA ;g flyflyk lu~ 1996 ls 'kq: gqvkA ml le; vejhdk 426 gt+kj Vu lwvj&ekal fu;kZr dj jgk FkkA lu~ 2001 rd bls c<+kdj 940 gt+kj Vu rd igqapkus dk y{; j[kk x;kA blesa phu vkSj Hkkjr esa fcdzh c<+kuk 'kkfey FkkA ;ksa Hkh ,f'k;k esa ekalkgkj dk izpyu c<+ jgk gSA if'pe esa ekalkgkj ds nks"k mtkxj gksus ij cPps Hkh 'kkdkgkj ilan djus yxs gSa vkSj b/kj vkenuh c<+rs gh yksx ekalkgkj dh vksj eqM+us yxrs gSaA lks] bl c<+rs ekal&ckt+kj ij vejhdk ds lwvj&O;kikj dh fuxkg yxh gSA gekjk ekal&m|ksx vejhdk dh ns[kk&ns[kh viuh dekbZ c<+kus ds pDdj esa fujhg izkf.k;ksa dh fgalk c<+kus ls ckt ugha vk jgkA vejhdk us rks bl ykyp esa reke lkekftd vkSj uSfrd ewY;ksa dks mBkdj Qsad fn;k gSA og balkuksa dk isV dkVdj tkuojksa dks eksVk djus ds lLrs rjhd <wa< jgk gSA blds fy, dlkok ;kuh Vsfivksdk uked dan esa FkksM+k gsj&Qsj djds mls lwvjksa dks f[kyk;k tk jgk gSA tcfd dlkok 35 djksM+ vQzhfd;ksa dk eq[; vkgkj gSA Hkkjr esa ;g dsjy rFkk vU; nf{k.kh bykdksa esa mxk;k vkSj [kk;k tkrk gSA D;ksafd vc rd vkneh [kkrs Fks] lks dlkok ij vuqla/kku esa vejhdk us] u rks dHkh /;ku fn;k vkSj u iwath yxkbZA ysfdu tc ls dlkok dks lwvj [kkus yxs gSa] dlkok dh iSnkokj c<+kus esa vejhdk dh fnypLih c<+ xbZ gSA blds lkFk gh vejhdk dh ûs'kuy iksdZ dkSafly* lwvj ds ekal dk izpkj djus ij djksM+ksa Mkyj [kpZ dj jgh gSA gj lky ,d cM+k esyk yxkdj ;g îksdZ dkSafly*] îksdZ&lqanjh* dk p;u djrh gSA ^vejhdh iksdZ lanq jh* Ldwyksa esa] tu&lHkkvksa esa] Dycksa esa] gksVyksa esa txg&txg lwvj ds ekal dk izpkj djrh gSA lwvj ikyu djus okys fdlku ugha gSa] cfYd ekal&O;kikjh gSaA os Lo;a dks îksdZ izksMD'ku bathfu;j* dgrs gSaA tc QSDVjh pykrs gSa] rks bathfu;j gh rks gq,A vejhdk vkSj vU; ns'kksa ds lwvj&iztud ,slh uLysa fodflr djus esa yxs gSa] tks T;knk ot+uh gksa vkSj de mez esa gh T+;knk eksVh gks tk,aA tc ls thfu;kxjh dh rduhd gkFk yxh gS] bu iz;klksa esa rsth Hkh vk xbZ gS vkSj fofo/krk HkhA bl rjg lwvj dks csgrj QSDVjh cuk;k tk ldsxkA vaxzsth ds miU;kldkj gq, gSa tkWtZ vksosZyA budk e'kgwj miU;kl gS] ^,uhey QkeZ*A ysfdu vkt dh vlfy;r us ^,uhey QkeZ* dh dYiuk dks cgqr ihNs NksM+ fn;k gSA vc rks ,d&,d ckMs+ esa ,d&,d yk[k lwvj Hkj fn, tkrs gSaA cspkjs fgy&Mqy Hkh ugha ldrsA lkr ehVj yacs vkSj lkr ehVj pkSM+s ckM+s esa 500 lwvj j[kuk cM+h vkn'kZ lwvj&ikyu&O;oLFkk ekuh tkrh gSA NksVs iyax ;kuh ¼[kVksys½ ls Hkh ,d frgkbZ txg esa gj lwvj dks iwjh ftanxh xqt+kjuh iM+rh gSA bl vkn'kZ 196

^csdu fcu* iz.kkyh ds izpkjdksa dk dguk gS fd lwvj ?kwesxk&fQjsxk rks eksVkik de gks tk,xkA fgysxk&Mqysxk ugha rks tYnh eksVk gksxk vkSj ot+u c<+sxkA bUgsa iwjh rjg va/ksjs esa Hkh j[kk tkrk gSA bUgsa gkeksZu vkSj ,.Vhck;ksfVd dh Hkkjh [kqjkdsa nh tkrh gSaA buds ckM+s esa dhVuk'kh nok,a fNM+dh tkrh gSaA bldk eryc ;g ugha gS fd lwvjksa ij n;k djds mUgsa chekfj;ksa vkSj dhVO;kf/k;ksa ls cpk;k tkrk gSA eryc rks ;g gS fd gj lwvj LoLFk jgs] rkfd tYnh eksVk gks vkSj T;knk ekal iSnk djsA bu lwvjksa dh ehaxuh esa dhVukf'k;ksa ds vo'ks"k Hkkjh ek=k esa feys gSaA uhnjyS.M esa rks turk us bldk bruk fojks/k fd;k fd ljdkj dks lwvj&ikyus ds csgrj fodYi [kkstus iM+sA budh ehaxuh dks cf<+;k [kn crkdj Hkkjr dks cspus dh Hkh dksf'k'k dh xbZA og xk;ksa dk xkscj Hkh cspus dh fQjkd esa gSA bl xkscj esa Hkh dhVukf'k;ksa ds vo'ks"k vkSj vU; fo"kSys jlk;u cgqrk;r esa gSaA bldk irk pyus ij bl lkft'k dk Hksn izsl us [kksy fn;k] ugha rks Hkkjr ljdkj rks ehaxuh vkSj xkscj [kjhnus ls Hkh ugha pwdrhA vc lquk gS fd uhnjyS.M MCY;w- Vh- vks- dh enn ys jgk gS fd ;g dwM+k fdlh xjhc ns'k esa Qsad ldsA b/kj gekjk [kk|&m|ksx Hkh Hkkjr dks [kk|&QSDVjh cukus ij rqyk gSA Hkkjrh; d`f"k dks ^QwM&QSDVjh* esa cnyus dh dksf'k'k gks jgh gSA fdlkuksa dh ctk; daifu;ka [ksrh djsaxhaA iV~Vs ij [ksr ysaxhaA eupkgh Qlysa mxkus ds fy, dgsaxhaA ok;nk djsaxh fd iwjh Qly [kjhnsaxsA tc Qly T;knk gksus yxsxh rks dher de yxk;asxhaA ;g ^dksiksZjsV QkfeZax* ;kuh fuxeh; d`f"k pyus nh xbZ rks Hkkjrh; d`f"k vkSj Hkkjr ds fdlku nksuksa pkSiV gks tk,axs vkSj gekjh [kk|kUu esa vkRe&fuHkZjrk jlkry esa pyh tk,xhA i'kqikyu ds {ks= esa Hkh ,slh rduhdsa ykbZ tk jgh gSa] tks i'kqvksa ds izfr fueZerk dks izksRlkgu nsaA cksokbu lksesVksVªksfiu ¼ch- ,l- Vh½ dks cM+h eqf'dy ls jksdk x;k] ugha rks Hkkjr ds nq/kk: i'kq dqN le; rd vf/kd nw/k nsdj ckn esa fcydqy csdkj gks tkrsA lquk gS fd vejhdk dh ns[kk&ns[kh gekjs ;gka Hkh lwvj&QSDVfj;ka [kqyus okyh gSaA dsUnzh; d`f"k ea=ky; dk i'kqikyu foHkkx tksj&'kksj ls ;kstuk cuk jgk gS fd Hkkjr lwvj ds ekal ds fu;kZr esa vxz.kh ns'k cusA vfgalk ds iqtkjh dgs tkus okys ns'k dh vka[kksa ij ykyp dh iV~Vh cka/k dj cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ka bls ft/kj pkgsa m/kj gkad jgh gSaA

rkfd 'osr dzkafr QV tk, uhnjyS.M~l ls nw/k] U;wthyS.M ls pht+ vkSj vejhdk ls eD[ku vkSj ?kh& ;s lc Hkkjr ds ckt+kjksa esa ljsvke fcdus yxsaxsA MCY;w- Vh- vks- Hkkjr ij dkQh fnuksa ls d`f"k vkSj Msjh&mRiknksa ij ls ek=kRed izfrca/k gVkus ds fy, dg jgk Fkk vkSj vc ge mlds lkeus ?kqVus Vsd dj ogh djus dks rS;kj gks x, gSa] tks og djkuk pkgrk gSA blfy, reke d`f"k oLrqvksa ij ls ek=kRed izfrca/k gVkus ds lkFk&lkFk 197

/khjs&/khjs lHkh Msj&mRiknksa ij ls Hkh ek=kRed izfrca/k gVkus ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj rS;kj gSA vejhdk vkSj ;wjksi esa rks nw/k ds ikmMj vkSj eD[ku ds igkM+ [kM+s gks x, gSaA [kjhnkj u feyus vkSj ckt+kj esa nke ?kVus ls cpkus ds fy, mUgsa ;g lkjk eky leqnz esa Mqcksuk iM+rk gSA vc ;g Hkkjr ds ckt+kjksa esa lLrs esa fcdrk fn[ksxkA Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa Msjh&m|ksx dk Hkkjh ;ksxnku gSA ckgj ls Msjh&mRikn vkus yxs rks ?kjsyw Msjh&m|ksx Mwcsxk vkSj mlds lkFk gh Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dks viwj.kh; {kfr igqapsxhA bl ckjs esa gesa dqN mnkgj.k feys gSa] ftuls lcd ysuk pkfg,A dqN le; igys Hkkjr us fcuk fdlh pqaxh ds ckgj ls 17000 Vu nw/k&ikmMj vkus fn;kA bl lLrs nw/k&ikmMj ds vkus ls iatkc esa rks gk;&rkSck ep xbZA iatkc ds rRdkyhu eq[;ea=h Jh izdk'k flag ckny rqjar nkSM+s&nkSM+s iz/kkuea=h Jh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h ds ikl igqaps vkSj fourh dh fd ckgj ls vk jgs fLdEM feYd ikmMj ij de ls de 60 izfr'kr dLVe M~;wVh yxk,aA vkf[kjdkj ljdkj dks f}Lrjh lhek&'kqYd ?kksf"kr djuk iM+kA ysfdu bl f}Lrjh lhek 'kqYd dks ykxw djuk dfBu gks x;kA ;g r; fd;k x;k fd nw/k ikmMj dh igyh [ksi] 10]000 Vu rd rks 15 izfr'kr lhek 'kqYd pqdkdj ykbZ tk ldrh gS vkSj nwljh [ksi ij 60 izfr'kr lhek 'kqYd nsuk gksxkA bl nqgjh iz.kkyh dks Hkkjr dh ljdkjh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fdl rjg ykxw fd;k tk ldsxk] ;g rks ljdkj tkus ;k Hkxoku tkusA dkxt+ksa esa gj [ksi igyh [ksi gh cuh jgsxh vkSj lhek 'kqYd esa gksus okyh cpr O;kikfj;ksa vkSj vf/kdkfj;ksa ds chp caV tk,xhA lcls cM+k [krjk ;g gs fd tks & ^vkijs'ku ¶YkM* Hkkjr esa nw/k dh ufn;ka cgkus yxk Fkk] mu nw/k dh ufn;ksa esa nw/k dh ck<+ vc ckgj ls vk;sxhA ns'kh nw/k dh ck<+ ds lzksr /khjs&/khjs lw[k tk,axsA jk"Vªh; Msjh fodkl cksMZ ds laLFkkid vkSj Hkkjr esa 'osrdzkafr ds tud Mk- ohdqfj;u us blds f[kykQ vkokt cqyan dh] HkkxnkSM+ Hkh dh ysfdu MCY;w- Vh- vksdk gqDe flj&ekFks ij ysus okyh ljdkj dqfj;u dh xqgkj dgka lqurhA gkjdj jk"Vªh; Msjh fodkl cksMZ us iwjh rjg ls O;kikfjd daiuh cuus dh Bku yh vkSj veqy tSlh vusd daiuh cuk Mkyha vkSj vius nqX/k&mRiknksa dh fcdzh ds fy, tksj&'kksj ls foKkiu ckt+h 'kq: dj nhA ysfdu ns[kuk gksxk fd cgqjk"Vªh; Msjh mRikndksa ds lkeus ,u- Mh- Mh- ch- dh ubZ igy dgka rd fVd ikrh gSA lcls cM+h fpark gS mu i'kqikydksa dh] ftUgksaus Msjh&lgdkfjrk dh vkSj 'osrdzkafr dh cqfu;kn Mkyh gSA gekjs ;gka nw/k dh dksbZ deh ugha gSA bl le; ge vejhdk dks ihNs NksM+dj nw/k iSnk djus ds ekeys esa fo'o esa izFke LFkku ij vk x, gSaA blfy, ,slk ugha gS fd ?kjsyw ekax iwjh djus ds fy, gesa ckgj ls nw/k vkSj vU; Msjh&mRikn eaxkus iM+saA lu~ 1998&99 esa gh 7 djksM+ 80 yk[k Vu nw/k iSnk djds geus vejhdk dks ihNs NksM+ fn;k FkkA vejhdk izfro"kZ 7 djksM+ 20 yk[k Vu nw/k iSnk djrk gSA ysfdu tgka vejhdk vkSj ;wjksi esa Msjh&m|ksx ij Hkh cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa dk dCt+k gS] 198

Hkkjr esa ;g izxfr lgdkjh {ks= esa gks jgh gSA yk[kksa i'kqikyd bUgha lgdkjh lfefr;ksa ds lnL; gSa vkSj vf/kdrj cgqr NksVs i'kqikyd gSaA budk nw/k gj jkst+ bdV~Bk djds iz'kksf/kr fd;k tkrk gSA nw/k vkSj nw/k&mRiknksa dh fcdzh ls gksus okys equkQs esa bu lcdk fgLlk gksrk gSA buds fy, Msjh O;kikj ugha] jksth&jksVh dk lk/ku gSA bues ls vf/kdrj Hkwfeghu gSaA budh vkthfodk&lqj{kk Msjh ij gh fVdh gSA m/kj if'peh ns'kksa esa d`f"k ls gksus okyh uxn vkenuh dk 20 izfr'kr Msjh&O;olk; ls gh feyrk gSA gesa nw/k&mRiknu esa vkRefuHkZjrk ,d fnu esa ugha fey xbZA iwjs rhl lky yxs] rc Hkkjr fo'o dk lokZf/kd nw/k iSnk djus okyk ns'k cu ik;kA lu~ 1969&70 esa ^vkWijs'ku ¶yM* ds uke ls lgdkjh&{ks= esa nw/k dh iSnkokj c<+kus dh izk;kstuk 'kq: dh xbZ FkhA ml le; Hkkjr dk Msjh&m|ksx cqjh gkyr esa FkkA bl nk:.k fLFkfr ls mcjus ds fy, Msjh&lgdkfjrk dk fo'kky tky fcNk;k x;kA bu ljdkjh&lfefr;ksa ds lnL; Hkh i'kqikyd gksrs gSa vkSj lapkyd Hkh i'kqikydA [kkl rkSj ls xqtjkr vkSj egkjk"Vª esa lgdkfjrk vfHk;ku cM+s lQy jgs gSaA blfy, vk.akn ¼xqtjkr½ ls Msjh&lgdkfjrk dk mHkjk vfHk;ku Hkh bu nks jkT;ksa esa fo'ks"k :ils lQy jgk] ysfdu QSyk iwjs ns'k esaA igys tgkWa vk/kh&vk/kh jkr mBdj nwf/k;ksa vkSj gyokb;ksa dh nqdkuksa ds lkeus vius yksVs&HkxkSus ysdj drkjsa yxkuh iM+rh Fkha vkSj tSlk Hkh nw/k] ftl Hkko feyk [kjhnuk iM+rk Fkk] ogha lgdkjh Msjh ds dkj.k yksxksa dks egkuxjksa vkSj cM+s 'kgjksa esa nw/k vklkuh ls feyus yxkA yxHkx 60]000 lgdkjh lfefr;ksa esa 80 yk[k lnL; cu x, vkSj buesa Hkh efgykvksa dh la[;k lcls vf/kd gSaA bl 'osrdzkafr us yk[kksa ifjokjks adks xjhch dh js[kk ls Åij mckj dj u;k thou fn;kA ysfdu varjkZ"Vªh; nqX/k O;kikj esa gekjh fgLlsnkjh uk ds cjkcj gSA fo'o ds lcls vPNs nqX/k&mRiknd gksus vkSj 7 djksM+ 80 yk[k Vu nw/k izfro"kZ iSnk djus ds ckotwn fo'o ds Msjh&O;kikj esa gj lky gekjk feYd ikmMj vkSj eD[ku Vuksa esa dqN lSdM+k gh tk ikrk gSA m/kj U;wthyS.M dsoy 120 yk[k Vu nw/k gj lky iSnk djrk gS] ysfdu 45 yk[k Vu nw/k&ikmMj dk gj lky fu;kZr djrk gSA bldk lcls cM+k dkj.k ;g gS fd Hkkjr ds nw/k vkSj mlls cuh phtksa dh lcls vf/kd [kir ns'k esa gh gks tkrh gSA tcfd vehj ns'kksa esa ,d rks vkcknh de gS] nwljs ekalkgkj ls feyh fpdukbZ us gh ogka g`n; jksxksa dh leL;k bruh c<+k nh gS fd nw/k&eD[ku rFkk vU; Msjh&mRikn yksx de gh ysrs gSaA ysfdu Hkkjr ljdkj MCY;w- Vh- vksls Hkh igys cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;ksa ds cgdkos esa vkdj fons'kh Msjh&m|ksxksas ds fy, Hkkjr ds }kj [kksyus ds fy, mrkoyh gks jgha FkhA mnkjhdj.k ds cgkus lg lu~ 1995&96 esa gh feYd ikmMj dks vk;kr dh tkus okyh oLrqvksa ij yxs ek=kRed izfrca/kksa dh lwph ls ckgj fudky fy;k x;kA tSls gh izfrca/k gVs ;wjksi ls Hkkjr esa feYd ikmMj dh vkod c<+us yxhA c<+rs&c<+rs ;g 17000 Vu rd igqaph] rc [kklrkSj ls iatkc ds Msjh&m|ksx dk 199

ekFkk Budk] D;ksafd ogka ls tks feYd ikmMj fu;kZr fd;k tk jgk Fkk] og vkSa/ks eqag yq<+d x;kA nw/k dh jk"Vªh; fxzM ij Hkh [krjk eaMjkus yxkA fcuk fdlh pqaxh ds vk jgs lLrs fons'kh nw/k&ikmMj ds lkeus gekjs ns'kh mRiknd Hkyk] fVdrs Hkh rks dSls\ MCY;w- Vh- vksds varxZr Hkkjr dks ^ukWu&VSfjQ cSfj;lZ* dk ^VSjhfQds'ku* djus ds fy, etcwj gksuk iM+k gSA blhfy, ckgj ls vk jgs feYd ikmMj dks ^thjks M~;wVh* ij vkus fn;k x;kA bldk dkj.k ;g Hkh Fkk fd feYd ikmMj izfrcaf/kr oLrqvksa dh lwph esa rks Fkk] ysfdu ml ij ek=kRed izfrca/k ugha yxk FkkA nwljh vksj U;wthyS.M esa vxj vki viuk feYd ikmMj Hkstuk pkgsa] rks og 12 izfr'kr lhek 'kqYd ;k vk;kr 'kqYd ¼bEiksVZ M~;wVh½ yxkrk gSA vejhdk esa izfr Vu ij 865 Mkyj rFkk ;wjksi esa Hkstus ij izfr Vu 1188 Mkyj dk vk;kr&'kqYd pqdkuk gksrk gSA Hkkjr esa lu~ & & & & esa feYd ikmMj dk fu;kZr 1400 Mkyj izfr Vu dh nj ij fd;k x;kA tcfd ogka ds Msjh&mRikndksa dks vejhdk feYd ikmMj fu;kZr djus ij izfr Vu 1028 Mkyj dk vksj ;wjksih la?k 959 Mkyj dh lfClM+h nsrk gSA bl rjg Hkkjr esa fu;kZr fd, tk jgs feYd ikmMj dh dher bl lfClM+h dks feykdj ns[ksa rks Hkkjr esa feYd ikmMj iSnk djus dh dher ls Hkh dkQh de cSBrh gSA tc mudh viuh ljdkjsa Hkkjh lfClMh ns jgh gSa vkSj tc ge viuk feYd ikmMj [kqn cuk jgs gSa] fQj dkSu lh etcwjh Fkh fd gesa feYd ikmMj ckgj ls eaxkuk iM+k\ ;g le> iku cM+k eqf'dy gSA lfClM+h ukius dh ,d ;wfuV r; dh xbZ gS] ftls ^n izksM~;wlj lfClM+h bDohoSys.V* vFkkZr ^mRiknd fj;k;r rqY;kad* dgk tkrk gSA lu~ 1997 esa ;g rqY;kad tkiku esa 82 izfr'kr] dukMk esa 59 izfr'kr] ;wjksih la?k esa 54 izfr'kr] vejhdk esa 47 izfr'kr vkSj vkLVªsfy;k esa 23 izfr'kr vkadk x;k FkkA blls irk pyrk gS fd ;s lHkh ns'k vius d`f"k vkSj Msjh mRikndksa dks fdruh Hkkjh lfClM+h nsrs jgs gSa vkSj ns jgs gSaA nw/k ds ikmMj ij izfr Vu vejhdh Mkyj 811 dh lfClM+h ;wjksih la?k us lu~ 1998 esa nh FkhA blh rjg vejhdk us Msjh&fu;kZr dks c<+kok nsus ds dk;Zdze ds rgr 875 Mkyj izfr Vu dh lfClMh nh FkhA bl rjg ;g lfClM+h varjkZ"Vªh; ckt+kj esa feYd ikmMj ds Hkko 1]500 Mkyj izfr Vu dk yxHkx 55 izfr'kr cSBrh gSA blh rjg vius nqX/k&mRikndks dks vejhdk vkSj ;wjksih la?k us bruh Hkkjh lfClM+h ns j[kh gS fd vxj os fu;ekuqlkj dVkSrh Hkh djsa rks Hkh bl lfClM+h dh dqy jkf'k vkSj izfr Vu jde cgqr T;knk cSBsxhA bl rjg csgn fj;k;r nsdj ?kVk;s x, lLrs nkeksa ij vejhdk vkSj ;wjksih la?k nw/k vkSj nw/k&ikmMj fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds ckt+kjksa esa iVd jgs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, teSdk ds nqX/k mRikndksa us viuk nw/k lM+dksa ij fc[skj dj fczVsu }kjk muds ns'k esa lLrk nw/k iVdus dk fojks/k fd;k FkkA Hkkjr esa Hkh ,d ckj ljdkjh uhfr;ksa dk fojks/k izn'kZu djrs gq, eqEcbZ ds nw/k&mRiknd viuk nw/k leqnz esa cgk pqds gSaA 200

MCY;w- Vh- vksds vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa u dgk Fkk fd lfClM+h esa dVkSrh ds ckn varjkZ"Vªh; ckt+kj esa nw/k ikmMj ds Hkko c<+saxsA ysfdu mudh Hkfo";ok.kh xyr fl) gqbZA lu~ 1995 esa tks nw/k&ikmMj 2]200 vjc Mkyj izfrVu fcd jgk Fkk] ogh lu~ 1998 esa 1300 Mkyj izfr Vu jg x;kA bl rjg MCY;w- Vh- vks- dks ysdj tks lCtckx fn[k, tk jgs gSa] os lc nqfu;k dks >kals esa Mkyus ds fy, gSaA ugha rks tSlk fo'o O;kikj laxBu ds vf/kdkjh dg jgs Fks fd nw/k&ikmMj ds nke 16 ls 20 izfr'kr rd c<+saxs] rks D;ksa ugha c<+s\ D;ksa ?kV x,\ lkQ gS fd MCY;w- Vh- vks-dks rks if'peh nqX/k&mRikndksa ds fgrksa dh j{kk djuh gSA ;wjksih la?k] vejhdk] vkLVªsfy;k vkSj U;wthyS.M viuh nw/k dh ufn;ka vkSj nw/k&ikmMj vkSj eD[ku ds igkM+ ftl fnu Hkkjr esa ykdj iVdsaxs gekjk vkWijs'ku ¶yM lw[k tk;sxk vkSj mlh ds lkFk lw[k tk,axs yk[kksa i'kqikydksa dh vkthfodk ds fVdkÅ lzksrA d`f"k {ks= ls djksM+ksa jkstxkj iSnk djus ds ;kstuk vk;ksx ds liuksa ij Hkh ikuh fQj tk,xkA xjhch dh js[kk ls Åij vk, ifjokj fQj nfjnzrk ds xrZ esa yq<+d tk,WaxsA 'osr dzkafr /kwfey gks tk,xh vkSj fo'o esa nw/k iSnk djus esa izFke LFkku ij igqapus dh [kq'kh x+e esa cny tk,xhA

clarh dzkafr dk var vkfFkZd&vigj.k dk vthc ekeyk Fkk ogA fryguh Qlyksa vkSj [kkus ds rsy ds ckjs eas ,dhd`r uhfr ykxw djus ds nl lky ckn gh clarh dzkafr ds var ds cht cks fn, x, vkSj bl rjg fo'o&ckt+kj esa Hkkjr dks izeq[k rsy&mRiknd vkSj fu;kZrd cuus dh cqfu;kn dks ljdkj us tkucw>dj feVk MkykA ;g lc fd;k x;k] blfy, rkfd [kkus ds rsy ds m|ksx vkSj O;kikj dks Qk;nk igqapsA Qk;nk igqapkus okyk Fkk ogha ra= tks bl ns'k dh fofp= jktuhfrd vkfFkZd iz.kkyh ls mitk gS vkSj ftldk ,d gh y{; gS& Hkkjr dh vkRe&fuHkZjrk dh vkRek dks gh Nyuh dj MkyukA bl ekeys esa Hkh ;gh gqvk mUgksus yk[kksa frygu mRikndksa vkSj djksM+ksa miHkksDrkvksa dh dksbZ ijokg ugha dhA lcdks NksM+ fn;k ckt+kj ds Hkjksls vkSj et+cwr fd;k rks cl ckt+k: rkdrksa dksA vkb, ns[kas fd ;g flyflyk dSls 'kq: gqvkA Hkkjr ds frygu&{ks= esa cM+h mFky&iqFky gksrh jgha gSaA lu~ 1980 ds ckn ds n'kd esa gesa ckgj ls [kkus dk rsy eaxokus ij vkSlru gj lky 10&12 gt+kj djksM+ :i;s [kpZ djus iM+rs FksA isVªksfy;e vkSj jklk;fud moZjdksa ds ckn ;g rhljk {ks= Fkk ftl ij Hkkjr bruh vf/kd fons'kh eqnzk ckgj ls vk;kr ij [kpZ dj jgk FkkA fdlku fryguksa esa [kkl fnypLih ugha ys jgs Fks] D;ksafd bu Qlyksa dh [ksrh vf/kdrj ckjkuh bykdksa esa gksrh gS] tgka o"kkZ cjkcj nxk nsrh jgha vkSj fdlkuksa us T;knk tksf[ke mBkus ls eqag Qsj fy;kA os fryguksa ds mRiknu dh lq/kjh rduhdsa 201

Hkh ugha viuk ldsA m/kj lq/kjh fdLeksa ds chtksa dh Hkh deh jgh vkSj cht cM+k eagxk FkkA laHkor% vuqla/kku esa Hkh fryguksa dks oSlh izkFkfedrk ugha feyh] tSlh feyuh pkfg, FkhA fryguksa dh [ksrh dk ek= 20 izfr'kr {ks= gh flapkbZ dh lqfo/kkvksa okyk Fkk] blfy, budh mRikndrk vkSj mRiknu nksuksa gh de FksA gj lky frygu ds mRiknu esa dsoy nks izfr'kr dh nj ls gh o`f) gks ikbZA mRiknu ds iwokZuqekuksa ij vk/kkfjr oSKkfud fu"d"kkZsa us Hkkjr esa fryguksa dk Hkfo"; va/kdkje; gh crk;kA lu~ 1980 ds ckn ds n'kd ds vkjafHkd o"kksaZ esa Hkkjr esa foygu dk mRiknu 110 ls 130 yk[k Vu izfro"kZ ij vVdk jgk] tcfd lu~ 2000 rd ns'k dh c<+rh vkcknh dh ekWax iwjh djus ds fy, 80 yk[k Vu [kkus dk rsy pkfg, Fkk] tks rHkh fey ldrk Fkk tc fdlku vius [ksrksa ls dqy feykdj 260 yk[k Vu fryguh Qlysa iSnk djsaA bl lc dks /;ku esa j[kdj lu~ 1986 esa Vks- ,e- vks- ;kuh ^Vsd~uksyksth fe'ku QkWj vkWbylhM~l* dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA bl frygu izkS|ksfxdh fe'ku dk y{; ;gh Fkk fd [kkus ds rsy esa vkRe&fuHkZjrk izkIr djus ds fy, fryguksa ds mRiknuksa] iz'kks/kuksa vkSj izca/ku dh loksZre izkS|kfxdh dks viuk;k tk,A bl rduhdh fe'ku esa ,d vksj rks oSKkfudksa ls vf/kd iSnkokj nsus okyh fdLeksa dk iztuu djok;k x;k vkSj mRiknu ds lq/kjs rjhds [kkstus dh lqfo/kk,a miyC/k djk;h x;ha] ogha dVkbZ ds ckn dh izkS|ksfxdh dks Hkh et+cwr fd;k x;k vkSj bu lc rduhdksa dks fdlkuksa rd igqapkus dh e'khujh ij p<+h /kwy vkSj tkys Hkh lkQ djds mls pqLr&nq:Lr fd;k x;kA lkFk gh fryguksa dh [ksrh djus okys fdlkuksa dks cht] ikuh] ;a=] nokvksa oxSjg ij fj;k;rsa nsus ds lkFk gh fryguksa ds vkd"kZd leFkZu&ewY; ?kksf"kr fd, x,A iwjh ;kstuk dks ykxw djus ds fy, chp&chp esa vM+axs yxkus okyh ykyQhrk'kkgh Hkh dkV nh xbZA bl rjg 170 djksM+] :i;s dk frygu rduhdh fe'ku ,d lkFk 17 jkT;ksa ds 180 ftyksa esa ykxw fd;k x;kA ckn esa blh ds lkFk 246 frygu&mRiknd ft+yksa esa 245 djksM+ :i;s ds izko/kku ls frygu&mRiknu ij cy nsus dh ,d vkSj izk;kstuk ykxw dh xbZA lu~ 1990&91 esas bu nksuksa izk;kstukvksa dks ,d&nwljs ls tksM+ fn;k x;kA bl rjg 18 jkT;ksa ds 282 frygu&mRiknd ftyksa esa frygu&mRiknu dk lqLi"V] lqfu;ksftr vkSj lqlapkfyr dk;Zdze rhoz xfr ls dk;kZfUor fd;k x;kA bl izdkj ,d fcydqy cnys ekgkSy] rjg&rjg dh fj;k;rsa vkSj lqfo/kk,a rFkk laLFkkxr lgkjs us frygu&mRiknu esa ,asM yxkbZ vkSj og rsth ls nkSM+us yxkA lu~ 1992&93 rd fryguksa dk mRiknu 210 yk[k Vu izfro"kZ dh mPpre lhek ij igqap x;kA bl miyfC/k ds fy, fryguksa esa mRiknu dh okf"kZd o`f)&nj 6 izfr'kr rd igaqpk nh xbZA ckgj ls [kkus dk rsy eaxkus dh ek=k yxHkx ux.; jg xbZA cfYd fryguksa ds fu;kZrd dh ctk; Hkkjr fryguksa dk vk;krd ns'k cu x;kA bl rjg 10&12 gt+kj djksM+ :i;s dh fons'kh eqnzk Hkh cph vkSj [kyh oxSjg 202

dk fu;kZr djds 500&600 djksM+ :i;s dh fons'kh eqnzk dekbZ tkus yxhA ;gh Fkh frygu&mRiknu esa vkbZ og dzkafr ftls ^clarh dzkafr* ¼;yks fjoksY;w'ku½ dk uke fn;k x;kA fdlku fryguksa dh [ksrh esa fnypLih ysus yxs vkSj ckjkuh bykdksa esa eksVs vuktksa dh txg ewaxQyh vkSj ljlksa oxSjg dh [ksrh gksus yxhA ;gka rd fd vusd {ks=ksa esa nyguh gh ugha] xsgwa vkSj /kku dh txg Hkh fdlku fryguksa dh [ksrh djus yxsA blls ;g Hkh lkfcr gksxk fd ge Hkkjrh; Bku ysa rks fQj reke ck/kkvksa dks dkVdj lQyrk ds pje f'k[kj ij igqap ldrs gSaA ysfdu gekjh bl vuwBh {kerk esa nqfu;k dks ;dhu ugha gS] D;ksafd ge bu {kerkvksa dk izn'kZu dsoy ladVdky esa gh dj ikrs gSaA rHkh rks fo'o cSad ds fo'ks"kKksa us Hkfo";ok.kh dh Fkh fd Hkkjr esa lu~ 1993 rd bruh deh gks tk,xh fd ckgj ls 30 yk[k Vu [kkus dk rsy eaxkuk iM+sxkA mUgsa D;k irk Fkk fd frygu rduhdh fe'ku nwljh ;kstukvksa dh rjg ^Vka;&Vka; fQl* ugha gksus okyk] D;ksafd blesa ls os lc xfr&vojks/kd gVk fn, x, gSa] tks flQZ Qkbysa ?kqekrs jgrs gSa] dksbZ QSlyk ugha ysrs vkSj ftUgsa viuh vxyh inksUufr ds fy, gj rjg ds dqykcs fHkM+kus ds flok vkSj dksbZ dke ugha jgrkA os lks[rs Hkh gVk fn, x, tks fdlkuksa rd igqapas blls igys gh reke fj;k;rsa vkSj lqfo/kk,a lks[k ysrs FksA bl rjg lkQ&lqFkjs ikjn'khZ frygu rduhdh fe'ku dh cnkSyr lu~ 1986&87 dk 110 yk[k Vu dk frygu&mRiknu] lu~ 1994&95 esa nqxuk djds 220 yk[k Vu ij igqapk fn;k x;kA ysfdu bl clarh dzkafr dks ns[kdj mu vFkZ'kkfL=;kaas ds psgjs ihys iM+ x, tks Hkkjr dks [kkus ds rsy esa Mwc tkus dh Hkfo";okf.k;ka dj pqds FksA ckt+k: rkdrsa Hkh HkuHkuk mBhaA ckgj ls [kkus dk rsy eaxkus ij ftudh pkanh dV jgh Fkh] muds gkFkksa ds rksrs Hkh mM+ x,A ftl rjg Msjh&lgdkfjrk us 'osrdzkafr iSnk dh] oSls gh clarh dzkafr iSnk djus esa frygu&lgdkfjrk dh uhao Mkyus dk dke jk"Vªh; Msjh fodkl cksMZ dks lkSaik x;k FkkA blls xqtjkr dk frygu&m|ksx fryfeyk mBkA ,u- Mh- Mh- ch- ds frygu lgdkfjrk dk;Zdze ds ,d eSustj dks Vªsu esa ls mBkdj ckgj Qsad fn;k x;kA cgqrksa dks tku ls ekjus dh /kedh nh xbZA Hkkjr esa clarh dzkafr ykus okyh jk"Vªh; frygu&uhfr dks fdlh Hkh ncko esa u cnyk tk,] bl ckjs esa ljdkj dks ckj&ckj psrk;k x;kA ysfdu fo'ocSad us viuk ncko Mkyuk tkjh j[kkA mlus ;g rks ekuk fd vU; {ks=ksa esa ns'k dh izxfr dk :[k tSlk jgk gS] mlds foijhr fryguksa esa peRdkjh miyfC/k gqbZ gS] ysfdu bl ldkjkRed ifjorZu dks ykus okyh uhfr;ksa esa fo'ocSad dks [kkfe;ka ut+j vkrh jghaA mldk dguk Fkk fd vejhdk vkSj ;wjksih la?k esa fryguksas dh iSnkokj vkSj mRikndrk ftruh gksrh gS] oSlh vc Hkh Hkkjr esa ugha gks jgh vkSj blfy, muds eqdkcys esa Hkkjr dgha ugha BgjrkA mlus ;g ugha crk;k fd vejhdk vkSj ;wjksih la?k ds frygu&mRikndksa dks ftruk leFkZ&ewY; fn;k tkrk gS] mlds eqdkcys Hkkjr ljdkj vius fdlkuksa dks tks leFkZu ewY; nsrh gS] og cgqr de gSA

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fo'o cSad us ;g Hkh ugha crk;k fd vejhdk esa frygu iSnk djus ij tks ykxr vkrh gS] mruh dher ij Hkkjr ds frygu ckt+kj esa fcdrs gSaA vxj vejhdh fdlkuksa dks feyus okyh Hkkjh lfClMh can dj nh tk, rks vejhdh frygukssa dh ykxr vkleku ij igqap tk,A vly esa rks vejhdk] Hkkjr ds eqdkcys frygu&mRiknu dgha ugha Bgjrk] c'krZs fd mldh lfClM+h dks gVk fn;k tk, vkSj nksuksa dh rqyuk djrs le; vejhdh fdlkuksa dks feyus okyh lfClM+h dk /;ku j[kk tk,A bl rjg lLrs gksus ds dkj.k vejhdk vkSj ;wjksih la?k dks Hkkjr ls fryguksa dk vk;kr djuk pkfg,A ysfdu gekjs iz'kkld vkSj uhfr&fuekZrk rks fo'o cSad ds b'kkjksa ij ukpus ds fy, csrkc jgrs gSaA okf'kaxVu dh eq¶r ;k=k,a vkSj iaprkjk gksVyksa esa eq¶r dh ekSt eLrh mUgsa fo'o cSad dh th gqtwjh ds fy, etcwj dj nsrh gSA cspkjs D;k djsaA ;g ykyp NwVrk gh ughaaA fygktk reke t+ehuh lPpkb;ksa dks rk[k esa j[kdj ^<kapkxr ifjorZuksa* dks ykxw djus ds cgkus lu~ 1994&95 ls [kkus ds rsy ds vk;kr esa NwV vkSj <hy nsus dk flyflyk 'kq: dj fn;k x;kA ml le; [kkus dk rsy fu;kZr djus okys eysf'k;k] baMksusf'k;k vkSj czkt+hy tSls ns'k Hkh ^ike vkWby* vkSj ^lks;k vkWby* ls Hkkjr dks ugyk nsus ds fy, csrkc cSBs FksA mUgsa viuk ikeksyhu vkSj lks;kchu dk rsy cspus ds fy, cktkj ugha fey jgs FksA cl tSls gh frygu&uhfr esa <hy nh xbZ fd nks lky esa gh mlds urhts fn[kkbZ nsus yxsA [kkus ds rsy esa gekjh vkRe&fuHkZjrk nks lky esa gh xk;c gks xbZ vkSj lu~ 1996&97 esa [kkus dk rsy ckgj ls eaxkus ij Hkkjr dks ,d vjc Mkyj dh fons'kh eqnzk [kpZuh iM+hA rc dsUnzh; d`f"k ea=ky; us gk;&rkSck epkuk 'kq: fd;kA [kkus ds rsy dh Fkksd dherksa esa gh 14 izfr'kr dk mNky vk;k] ysfdu mRiknu fxj x;kA ljdkj dh <qyeqy uhfr dk Qk;nk rsy O;kikfj;ksa dks gqvk tks ckgj ls 22]000 :i;s izfr Vu ij lwjteq[kh dk rsy vkSj ikeksyhu eaxkus yxs vkSj blesa ewaxQyh vkSj ljlksa dk rsy feykdj 38]000 :i;s Vu ds Hkko ij cspdj viuh frtkSfj;ka Hkjus yxsA bl rjg rsy dk vk;kr [kksy nsus ls u rks fdlkuksa dks Qk;nk gqvk vkSj u miHkksDrkvksa dks vkSj gekjh [kkus ds rsy dh vkRefuHkZjrk Hkh gkFk ls fudy xbZA ysfdu blesa cspkjh ljdkj dk D;k nks"kA mls rks rsy&m|ksx vkSj rsy&O;kifj;ksa ds fgrksa dh j{kk djuh gSA tc vejhdk esa lks;kchu bruh rknkn esa tek gks x;h fd mls fQdz gksuh yxh fd bruh lks;kchu dk D;k djs] rks gekjs Hkkjrh; vf/kdkjh QkSju mldh enn ds fy, rS;kj gks x,A rHkh rks lu~ 1998 esa vejhdk ls 10 yk[k Vu lks;kchu eaxok;h x;h] tc fd gesa dksbZ t+:jr ugha FkhA ;gh ugha bl lks;kchu ds lkFk ikap fons'kh [kjirokj Hkh vk x, vkSj 11 fo"kk.kq&jksx Hkh gekjs ns'k esa ?kql vk,A bl lks;kchu esa ls fdruh ijkthuh lks;kchu Fkh] bldk fdlh dks ugha irk vkSj u ;g ekywe gS fd bl ijk;s thu okys lks;kchu dk rsy

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[kkus okyksa ds vius LokLF; ij vkSj mudh larkuksas ds LokLF; ij bldk D;k vlj iM+sxkA bl rjg frygu fe'ku dh miyfC/k;ksa ij ikuh Qsjrs gq, fQj ls [kkus dk rsy ckgj ls eaxok;k tkus yxkA uoEcj 1998 ls tqykbZ 1999 ds chp fryguksa ds vk;kr ij [kphZ tkus okyh fons'kh eqnzk frxquh gks xbZA lu~ 1997&98 esa 10 yk[k 2 gt+kj Vu [kkus dk rsy ckgj ls eaxk;k x;k FkkA lu~ 1999 esa og 29 yk[k 80 gt+kj Vu gks x;kA ml le; ;g vkadk x;k Fkk fd lu~ 1999&2000 esa Hkkjr dks 50 yk[k Vu [kkus dk rsy ckgj ls eaxkuk iM+sxkA lu~ 1995 ls 1999 ds chp ds pkj lkyksa esa ckgj ls [kkus dk rsy eaxkus ij lhek 'kqYd yxkrkj ?kVk;k x;k gSA igys 65 izfr'kr bEiksVZ M~;wVh pqdkuh iM+rh FkhA ;g ?kVkrs&?kVkrs 15 izfr'kr dj nh xbZ gSA gks gYyk epk rks ckn esa FkksM+h c<+kdj 27-5 dh xbZA bl rjg fQj ls ckgj ls [kkus dk rsy vkus yxkA vc rks rsy m|ksx Hkh ;g ekuus yxk gS fd ckgj ls ikeksyhu vkSj vU; rsy eaxkus ds dkj.k ns'k esa frygu dh [ksrh vkSj ns'kh rsy&m|ksx ij cqjk vlj iM+k gSA vc rks rsy m|ksx Hkh dg jgk gS fd ckgj ls [kkus dk rsy eaxkuk QkSju can fd;k tk,A Hkkjh lfClM+h nsdj lLrk fd;k x;k fons'kh rsy Hkkjr dks cM+k eagxk iM+k gSA bldh rsy fudkyus okyh feysa vkSj fdlku nksuksa gh fons'kh rsy esa Mwcrs tk jgs gSaA lu~ 2002 esa jktLFkku esa tc fdlkuksa dh ljlksa ugha [kjhnh xbZ rks bUgksaus ljdkj dh ?ksjkcanh 'kq: dhA Lo;a iz/kkuea=h dks vk'oklu nsuk iM+k fd ljlksa dh [kjhn dh tk,xhA ysfdu ftu xyr uhfr;ksa ds dkj.k ;g ukScr vkbZ] mUgsa dc cnyk tk,xk\

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D;k Hkkjr Hkw[k dk bfrgkl cukuk pkgrk gS\ os dgrs gSa fd os Hkkjr esa nfjnzksa vkSj xjhcksa dks Hkkstu nsdj vPNh Hkkoukvksa ls ujd dk jkLrk rS;kj dj jgs gSa vkSj eSa fo'o esa Hkw[k rFkk dqiks"k.k ls xzLr lcls cM+s ns'k ^Hkkjr^ dh ckr dj jgk gwa& ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd os vPNh Hkkoukvksa ls dke dj jgs gSaA eq>s bl ckr dh fpark gS fd izLrkfor [kk| lqj{kk vf/kfu;e Hkw[kksa dks dkYifud ujd dh vksj u /kdsy nsA vkt ls 60 lky igys xjhc vkSj Hkw[ks yksx va/ksjs jlkry esa jgrs Fks] vkSj mUgsa viuh jkstejkZ dh Hkkstu dh NksVh lh t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, Hkh dHkh u [kRe gksus okyk bartkj djuk iM+rk FkkA u, [kk| lqj{kk dkuwu us lHkh dks Hkkstu fnykus dk oknk fd;k ftlls djksM+ksa Hkw[kksa ds eu esa mEehn dh fdj.k txhA ;fn bls mfpr rjg ls ykxw fd;k tk, rks ;s ,d ubZ 'kq:vkr gks ldrh gS vkSj mldh enn ls gekjs ns'k dh ^Hk;adj xjhch^ Hkh bfrgkl cu ldrh gSA fiNys dqN le; ls ;kstuk vk;ksx vkSj [kk| ea=ky; ds chp vkil esa tks fopkj&foe'kZ gks jgk gS mlls yxrk gS fd vkt tks jkLrk cu jgk gS oks ujd dh vksj tkrk fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA ;fn izfr fdyksxzke 3 #i;s dh nj ls 25 fdyks vukt ¼pkoy vkSj xsgwa½ izkIr djus okys xjhch js[kk ls uhps jgus okys ifjokjksa ¼chih-,y-½ dk nksckjk oxhZdj.k fd;k tk, rks eq>s yxrk gS fd ge Hkkstu ds vf/kdkj dks oS|kfud <+kaps ls ykxw djus ds vius okLrfod edln ls nwj gks tk,axsA eq>s izLrkfor dkuwu ds izk:Ik ds egRo esa dqN vk'kadk yxrh gS ;wih,&2 ljdkj bl dkuwu dks vius igys 100 fnuksa esa vafre :Ik nsuk pkgrh gS ysfdu os i;kZIr fopkj&foe'kZ fd, fcuk gh bl nh?kZdkfyd [kk| lqj{kk ;kstuk esa iwjs eu ls dke djus dk iz;kl dj jgs gSa] ftlesa /kks[kk gksus dk [krjk lkQ fn[kkbs ns jgk gSA lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh dks dsoy ek= ,d u, ^vorkj^ esa ifjofrZr djus ls gh xjhch nwj ugha dh tk ldrh gSA

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xjhch dks feVkus dh vksj blls igys Hkh xjhch ls yM+us dh dksf'k'ksa gksrh jgh gSaA tSls fd 2003 esa czkthy esa gqvk] ogka ds jk"Vªifr ywyk us fofHkUUk i.k/kkfj;ksa ¼LVsd&gksYMjksa½ ds fofHkUu izdkj ds fuos'kksa ls 'kq: Hkw[k eqDr ¼'kwU; Hkw[k½ dk;ZØe pyk;kA ysfdu vkt rd Hkh oks Hkw[k feVkus ds y{; ls dkslksa nwj gSA Hkw[k vkSj xjhch ls tw> jgs 460 yk[k yksxksa dks izfrfnu 3 oDr dk Hkkstu iznku djokus ds y{; dks /;ku esa j[kdj bldh 'kq:vkr dh xbZA czkthy us 2005 rd vius bl Hkw[k eqDr ¼'kwU; Hkw[k½ dk;ZØe ij 12 vjc vesfjdh MkWyj dk fuos'k fd;kA vkSj vHkh jk"Vªifr ywyk bl dk;ZØe ls larq"V ugha gaS mUgsa yxrk gS fd bl dk;ZØe dks xyfr;ksa ds lkFk ykxw fd;k x;kA czkthy ds bl dk;ZØe ls izksRlkfgr gksdj feJ us Hkh viuh [kk| vlqjf{kr vkcknh ds fy, 2 vjc vesfjdh MkWyj ds ,d dk;ZØe dh 'kq:vkr dhA eSfDldks ds izksxjhlkvksiksjVwfuMsMl ekuo fodkl dk;ZØe ls Hkh [kh[k yh tk ldrh gS ftUgksaus 1997 esa bl ij ,d lky rd v/;;u fd;k vkSj yxHkx nks lky rd ;kstuk cukus esa yxk;kA ;g dk;ZØe 42 yk[k ifjokjksa rFkk izfr o"kZ 1 vjc vesfjdh MkWyj dh ykxr dk FkkA ;gka rd fd la;qDr jk"Vª us Hkh Hkkstu ds dk;ZØe esa dbZ #i;ksa dk fuos'k fd;k ysfdu fQj Hkh xjhch c<+ jgh gSA 316 yk[k ;k izR;sd 10 vesfjdh esa ls ,d [kk| LVkEi dk;ZØe ;k bldh gh rjg vU; iks"k.k lgk;d dk;ZØeksa ls ykHk mBkrk gSA

orZeku le; eas ljdkj xjhch js[kk ls uhps jgus okys ¼ch-ih-,y-½ 652 yk[k oxhZdr ifjokjksa dks pkoy vkSj xsgwa lesr 35 fdyks [kk| vukt iznku dj jgh gSA ;g fj;k;rh vukt ftlesa xsgwa izfr fdyks 4-15 #i, rFkk pkoy izfr fdyks 5-56 #i, dh nj ls feyrk gSA 243 yk[k ifjokjksa dks vUUrksn;k ;kstuk esa oxhZdrZ fd;k x;k gSA ¼ch-ih-,y- oxZ ds lkFk½ vuktksa dh dherksa esa xsgwa esa 2 #i, rFkk pkoyksa esa izfr fdyksxzke 3 #i, dh deh vkbZ gSA vU; 'kCnksa esa lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh dkxtksa ¼ih-Mh-,l-½ esa xjhch js[kk ls uhps jgus okys 3160 yk[k yksxksa dks Hkkstu miyC/k djkrh gSA ;s xjhcksa esa xjhc gSaA vkSj blfy, xjhch js[kk ls uhps dh js[kk [khaph xbZ gS ¼esjs fopkj ls ftls Hkw[kejh dh js[kk dgk tkuk pkfg,½A lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh ds ek/;e ls yksxksa dks mudh jkstkuk dh [kk| t:jrsa iznku djokuh pkfg,A ;fn ih-Mh-,l- vkaf'kd :Ik ls Hkh izHkkfor gks rks eq>s yxrk gS fd fo'o esa tks Hkkjr dks Hkw[kksa ds :Ik esa tkuk tkrk gS ml Nfo esa Hkh ifjorZu gksxkA fQj oSf'od Hkw[kejh dh lwph esa iatkc dks] xscu gksUMwjl rFkk fo;ruke ls de dk ntkZ nsus dk dksbZ Hkh dkj.k ugha gksxkA nh?kZdkfyd le; ds fy, lcds fy, Hkkstu iznku djus okys dk;ZØe ds y{; dks /;ku esa j[kdj Hkkstu LVSEi rFkk ih-Mh-,l- tSls dk;ZØe ls vyx ns[kuk gksxkA 207

Hkkjr dks ;gka ekStwn xjhch rFkk Hkw[kejh ds <+kapkxr dkj.kkas ij vkØe.k djds Hkw[k eqDr ¼'kwU; Hkw[kejh½ ds dk;ZØe dks cukuk pkfg,A fdlh Hkh [kk| lqj{kk ;kstuk dks nh?kZdky rd tkjh j[kus ds fy, Ik;kZIr jkstxkj volj rFkk fpjLFkk;h jksth&jksVh iznku djus ds dk;ZØe dks izLrkfor djuk pkfg,A blds vykok csgrj LokLF; lqfo/kk,a] ihus ds fy, lkQ ikuh rFkk Ik;kZIr lw{e iks"kd vUrxZg.k ls Hkkstu mfpr :Ik ls lefo"V gks tk,xkA Hkw[kk isV lcz ugha dj ldrk] ,d le; ds ckn Hkw[ks isV ds izHkko lekt esa mHkjus yxrs gSa ftldh izfrfØ;k lekt ds fy, cgqr ?kkrd lkfcr gks ldrh gSA ;g ns[kdj cgqr gh nq[k gksrk gS fd ,d vksj rks ljdkj c<+rs gq, uDlyokn ls yM+ jgh gS vkSj nwljh vksj og bl rjg ds vfrokn dks c<+kus dh ifjfLFkfr;ka iSnk dj jgh gSA m|ksx] [kuu] fu;kZr ds dkj.k d`f"k dk R;kx djuk iM+ jgk gS rFkk Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k dh c<+rh ?kVukvksa ls yksxksa dks muds ,dek= vkfFkZd lqj{kk rFkk fdlkuksa dks mudh d`f"k NksM+us ds fy, etcwj fd;k tk jgk gSA izLrkfor jk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk vf/kfu;e gh bl rjg dh ,dek= xfrfof/k ugha gSA bls dbZ vU; dk;ZØeksa rFkk uhfr;ksa ds lkFk tksM+k tkuk pkfg, rkfd Hkq[kejh bfrgkl cu tk,A bl y{; dks iwjk djus ds fy, [kk| lqj{kk ;kstuk esa fuEu ikap izLrkoksa dks vko';d :Ik ls 'kkfey djuk pkfg, % Hkq[kejh eqDr ¼'kwU; Hkq[kejh½ lekt ds fy, lkoZtfud uhfr;ka % xjhch rFkk Hkq[kejh ds okLrfod dkj.kksa dks tkudj mUgsa nwj djus ds fy, fefJr <+kapkxr uhfr;ka cukbZ tkuh pkfg,] nh?kZdkfyd le; ds fy, Hkkstu rFkk iks"k.k dh ikfjokfjd t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, fo'ks"k uhfr;ka vkSj iks"k.k ls Hkjs thou dks /;ku esa j[kdj LFkkuh; t:jrksa ds fy, LFkkuh; uhfr;ka cukbZ tk,aA tSls fd] lHkh uhfr;ksa dks xzkeh.k&'kgjh LFkkukUrj.k dks /;ku esa j[kdj ifjofrZr uhfr;ksa dk y{; gksuk pkfg,A ftruk T;knk LFkkukUrj.k gksxk mruk gh T;knk 'kgjh dsUnzkas ij Hkkj c<+sxk rFkk ljdkj dks xjhch ls yM+us esa vkSj vf/kd lgk;rk djuh gksxhA uDlyokn dh c<+rh /kefd;ksa ds f[kykQ d`f"k rFkk 'kgjh fodkl ,d lcls vPNk cpko gSA Tkhfodk dks cuk, j[kuk %& ftl ns'k esa d`f"k] vFkZO;oLFkk dk eq[; vk/kkj gks] ogka ckgjh fuos'k dks etcwr djus ds fy, lHkh rjg ds iz;kl fd, tkus pkfg, rkfd d`f"k&dk;ksZa dks cuk, j[kk tk,A vkt izkd`frd lalk/kuksa dks rktk djus] tehu ds uhps ds ikuh ds Lrj dks iquthZfor djus dh t:jr gS blds vykok fdlkuksa dks mPp Lrj dh vk; iznku djokuh pkfg,A fdlkuksa dks muds ikl miyC/k tehu ds vk/kkj ij ekfld vk; iznku dh tkuh pkfg,A ,uvkjbZth, dks d`f"k ds lkFk 'kkfey djuk gksxk] vkSj xjhcksa ds fy, y?kq&_.kksa dh C;kt njksa dks orZeku 20&48 izfr'kr ls ?kVkdj 4 izfr'kr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

208

lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh %& ih-Mh-,l- ;kstuk esa 'kh?kz gh lq/kkj dh t:jr gSA chih-,y- rFkk ,-ih-,- ds orZeku oxhZdj.k dks vyx&vyx djuk gksxkA vlaxfBr {ks=ksa esa LFkkfir m|ksxksa ds lac/k esa jk"Vªh; vk;ksx dh flQkfj'kksa ds vuqlkj 8360 yk[k yksx izfrfnu 20 ls Hkh de #i, [kpZ djus dh {kerk j[krs gSaA rks ,d vFkZiw.kZ ^lcds fy, Hkkstu^ dk;ZØe viukdj bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks nwj djuk gksxkA izfr ifjokj 25 fdyksxzke jk'ku dh ek=k dks Hkh c<+k, tkus dh t:jr gS] blds vykok mudh [kkus dh Fkkyh esa eksVs vukt vkSj nkyksa dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k tkuk pkfg,A [kk|kUu HkaMkj %& ih-Mh-,l- dh ;kstuk ds rgr xkaoksa rFkk rkyqdk Lrj ij Hkh [kk|kUu HkaMkj LFkkfir djus pkfg, dksbZ Hkh nh?kZdkfyd [kk| lqj{kk ;kstuk rc rd vPNh rjg dke ugha dj ldrh tc rd Hkw[k ds f[kykQ yM+kbZ esa xjhcksa vkSj Hkw[kksa dks 'kkfey ugha dj fy;k tkrkA ;gka lQy ijEijkxr [kk|kUUk cSadksa ds dbZ mnkgj.k ekStwn gSa ¼tSls fd fcgkj esa izfl) ^xksyk^ i)fr½ ftls jk"Vªh; Lrj ij pyus okys Loa;lsoh laLFkkvksa rFkk xSj ljdkjh laLFkkvksa }kjk nksgjk;k tkuk pkfg,A gesa nh?kZdky rd pyus okys dk;ZØe vkSj ifj;kstuk,a pykuh pkfg, tks dqN lkyksa rd ljdkjh lg;ksx ds fcuk O;ogkfjd :Ik ls vPNk dke djsa] blesa /kekZFkZ laLFkku] /kkfeZd laxBu] ,l,pth] rFkk xSj ykHkdkjh laLFkk,a Hkh tqM+h gksa rkfd bu ;kstukvksa dks ve+y esa yk;k tk lds vkSj budh enn ls ns'k esa Hkw[k dh fLFkfr esa tYnh gh lq/kkj gksA vUrjkZ"Vªh; le>kSrs %& oSf'od le>kSrs rFkk uo&mnkjoknh vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa dks [kk| lqj{kk ;kstuk esa gLr{ksi djus dh btktr ugha nh tkuh pkfg,A fo'o O;kikj laxBu ds rgr gksus okys le>kSrs ¼MCywVhvks½] eqDr O;kikj le>kSrk ¼,QVh,½ rFkk vU; f}i{kh; O;kikj djus okys laxBuksa dks fdlkuksa ds leqnk;ksa esa LFkukUrfjr ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg, rFkk mUgsa jk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk dks u"V djus dh btktr ugha nh tkuh pkfg,A tSls fd Hkkjr dks MCyw Vh vks esa nksgk ds nkSjku gksus okys le>kSrksa esa Hkkjr] d`f"k ij dksbZ le>kSrk ugha dj ldrk rFkk lLrs vkSj fj;k;rh vk;kr dh vuqefr ugha nh tkuh pkfg,A Hkkjr tSls ns'k ds fy, [kk| inkFkksZa dk vk;kr djus dk vFkZ gS fd tSls oks Hkkstu dk ugha cfYd csjkstxkjh dk vk;kr dj jgs gSa tks vkxs pydj Hkw[k dks gh c<+kok nsxkA

209

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