Dr Ambedkar Ek Chintan (Nepal)

8f=cDa]8s/ M Ps lrGtg

n]vs dw'lndo]

cg'jfb kbd axfb'/ yfkf

;dtflagfsf] :jtGqtf cw'/f] nf]stGq xf] eg] :jtGqtflagfsf] ;dtf ljz'4 tfgfzfxL xf] . o;}n] :jtGqtf / ;dtfaLr Pp6f l;h{gzLn t/ tgfjk"0f{ ;DaGw x'g] u5{ . 8f=cDa]8s/ ;dtf / :jtGqtf b'j}nfO{ cfZjf;g lbg] ;dfhjfbL Joj:Yff :yfkgf ug{ rfxGy] . oxL sf/0f ef/tsf /fli6«o /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿dWo] ;dfhjfbL kf6L{lt/ pgsf] cfsif{0f lyof] . pgsf] c;fdlos lgwgaf6 ;fdflhs qmflGtsf] Pp6f zlQmzfnL ;dLs/0f aGbfaGb} To;} ylGsof] . xfd|f] :jtGqtf cfGbf]ngnfO{ :jtGqtf ;Fu;Fu} ;dtfsf] d"No;Fu cg'k|fl0ft ug]{ k|v/ k|ltefsf wgL 8f= cDa]8s/sf ljrf/nfO{ t6:y Pj+ a'l4lgi7 ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] of] Pp6f dxŸjk"0f{ k':ts xf] .

8f=cDa]8s/ M Ps lrGtg

n]vs dw'lndo]

cg'jfb kbd axfb'/ yfkf

k|sfzs ;fpy Pl;og 8fonfU; cfg Osf]nflhsn 8]df]q]m;L (SADED), lbNnL cfn]v– 8f=cDa]8s/ M Ps lrGtg n]vs– dw'lndo] cg'jfb– kbd axfb'/ yfkf k|yd vlkst] @)&)==================================== k|lt–================= ;jf{lwsf/– d"No–======= k|sfzs– ;fpy Pl;og 8fonfU; cfg Osf]nflhsn 8]df]q]m;L (SADED), lbNnL ISBN-……….

sDKo'6/ 6fOlkË– k|bLk kf}8]n d'b|s–======

;dk{0f cfw'lgs ef/tsf ;j{>]i7 ;dfh– ;'wf/s blnt Pj+ >lds hgtfsf k|]/0ff–;|f]t >LdtL ;fljqL k'mn] tyf dxfTdf km'n]nfO{ ;dlk{t .

kmf]6f]

8f=afaf ;fx]a cDa]8s/

k|:t't k':ts afaf ;fx]asf] hLjg–rl/q xf]Og . of] pgsf] sfo{ / n]vgsf] d"Nofª\sg xf] . 8f= cDa]8s/åf/f lgld{t ljzfn u|Gy ;DkbfnfO{ kl/zLng u/]/ / pgsf] e"ldsfsf] ;Gbe{nfO{ vf]h]/ of] ljZn]if0f k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . ;g\ !(!^ df cfkm\gf] t?0ffj:yfdf hflt Joj:Yffdf n]lvPsf] pgsf] k|yd lgaGwb]lv ;+;bdf pgn] u/]sf efif0f, ;d:t n]v / jQmJosf] cWoog n]vsn] u/]sf 5g\ . ufGwL / cDa]8s/sf] t'ngfTds cWoog ug'{sf ;fy} n]vsn] 8f=cDa]8s/ /fli6«o cfGbf]ngdf lsg cf]em]ndf k/] eGg] b]vfPsf 5g\ . Pp6f dxfg ljb|f]xL ;fdflhs ØflGtsf/Lsf ¿kdf 8f=cDa]8s/nfO{ cfw'lgs ef/tsf] lgdf{0fdf ;Ddfghgs :yfg k|fKt ePsf] 5 . pgL ljb|f]xL dfq lyPgg\ . clkt' 1fg—dfuL{ ljb|f]xL lyP eGg] n]vssf] lgrf]8 lyof] .

kmf]6f]

n3' zAb–lrqdf dw'lndo]

• ! dO{, !(@@ df k'gfdf hGd .

• kmDo'{;g sn]h, k'gfdf lzIff .

• !* jif{sf] pd]/df k9fO cw'/f] 5f]8]/ :jtGqtf cfGbf]ngdf ;lØo ;xefuL .

• ;g\ !($) df j}olSts ;Tofu|x tyf ;g\ !($@ sf] …ef/t 5f]8f]Ú cfGbf]ngdf ;efu lnPsf] / To;sf] k'/:sf/ :j¿k b'O{ jif{sf] gh/aGb .

• ;g\ !($* ;Dd sf+¡u]|; ;f];ln:6 kf6L{ tyf To;kl5 ;g\

!(&& ;Dd

;dfhjfbL kf6L{l;t ;Da4 .

• ;g\ !(%% df uf]jfsf] d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf efu lnPsf]df !@ jif{sf] h]n ;hfo .

• t];|f], rf}yf], kfFrf}+ / 5}7f}+ nf]s ;efsf] ;b:o .

• ;g\ !(*@ b]lv c:j:ytfsf sf/0f ;ls|o tyf bnut /fhgLltaf6 6fl9P/ lrGtg Pj+ n]vgdf ;+nUg eO{ ;g\ !(($ ;Dd nueu # bh{g k':tsx¿ n]v]sf] .

• * hgj/L, !((% df d[To' .

lxGbL ;+:s/0fsf lglDt n]lvPsf] b'O{ zAb 8f= eLd/fj cDa]8s/ cfw'lgs ef/tsf lgdf{tfx¿dWo] Ps k|d'v x'g\ . c;dfgtf / cGofodf cfwfl/t ;dfh Joj:yfsf lj?4 ljb|f]x tyf 1fgsf] cv08 ;fwgf oL b'O{ s]xL xb;Dd k/:k/ lj/f]wL k|j[lQx¿ aLrsf] ;+3if{ / tgfjn] pgsf] JolQmTj lgdf{0f u¥of] . Pp6f 1fg–dfuL{ ljb|f]xLsf ¿kdf pgsf] oyfy{ j0f{g ug{ ;lsG5 . o;cl3 of] k':ts d/f7Ldf k|sflzt eO;s]sf] 5 . o;sf] lxGbL cg'jfb d]/f ldq 8f=d:t/fd sk'/n] u/]sf x'g\ . /, of] cg'jfb a8f] /fd|f] tl/sfn] ul/Psf] 5 . pgn] dnfO{ :jo+ ;'gfP . cd/]Gb|–gGb' wg]Zj/åf/f d/f7L cg'jfbsf] o;df pkof]u ul/Psf] 5 . d"n d/f7L k':tsdf / Tof]cl3 cª\u]|hL k|aGwdf 8f=cDa]8s/sf] cfly{s ljrf/sf af/]df w]/} ljZn]if0f lyPg . lxGbL cg'jfbdf o; ljifo af/] Pp6f gofF cWofo ylkPsf] 5 . ts{tLy{ nIfd0f zf:qL k|sf08 ljåfg tyf bfz{lgssf ¿kdf lrlgg'ePsf] 5 . pxfF k|flrg ;F:s[t ;flxTosf d"w{Go kl08t x'g'x'G5 . t}klg pxfFsf ljrf/ eg] k"0f{¿kn] cfw'lgs 5 . pxfFn] k|:tfjgfsf ¿kdf k|jStf x'g'x'G5 . pxfF ;dtfd"ns ¿kdf b'O{ zAb n]v]/ k':tssf] d"No a9fOlbg' eof] . o; sf/0f d pxfFsf] cfef/L 5' .

8f= cDa]8s/sf] ljrf/wf/f / pgsf sfo{sf] ;dfnf]rgf cfw'lgs ef/tsf] Oltxf;df pgsf] :yfg lglZrt ug{ ;xfos x'g]5 eGg] d}n] cfzf u/]sf] 5' . o; k':tssf] k|sfzgdf 8f= kb\d l;+x jdf{ tyf 8f= d:t/fd sk'/n] rf;f] b]vfpg'eof] . o;sf lglDt d pxfFx¿ b'j}sf] s[t1 5' . o;sf ;fy} >L ;'efif t]+8n]k|lt cfj/0f–tof/ u/]sf]df cfef/ JoSt ug{ rfxG5' . ! dO{ !(*( aL–!! k08f/f /f]8, gofF lbNnL

–dw'lndo]

cg'Ødl0fsf

1=

;fdflhs ØflGtsf/L cDa]8s/

2=

hflt–;+:yfsf] pGd"ngsf] cfXjfg

3=

cDa]8s/ / ufGwL

4=

k[ys lgjf{rg– vk;ksxsf] dfu / o]/j8f ;Demf}tf

5=

cDa]8s/sf] kfls:tfg ljifos e"ldsf

6=

;zQm s]Gb|sf] cfjZostf

7=

efiffut k|fGt–/rgf / cDa]8s/

8=

sfg'g dGqL–cDa]8s/

9=

cDa]8s/sf] cfly{s ljrf/

10=

cDa]8s/ / wd{ kl/jt{g

;fdflhs ØflGtsf/L cDa]8s/ aL;f}+ ztfAbLsf] k|yd ;f7L jif{leq ef/tdf cg]sfg]s dxfg JolQm ePsf lyP . tLdWo] 8f=eLd/fj cDa]8s/ k|d'v lyP . d]/f] of] cfkm\g} a'emfO lyof] . dfof u/]/ ;a}n] pgnfO{ afaf ;fx]a eGg] uy]{ . d ;q jif{sf] klg ePsf] lyPgF . d pgsf] JolQmTj b]v]/ df]lxt ePsf] lyPF cyf{t\ d pgL;+u k|efljt ePF . t/ sfFu|];L sfo{stf{x¿n] pgnfO{ /fd|f] dfGb}gy] . pgLk|lt pgLx¿sf] dgdf lgs} å]ifsf] efjgf lyof] . sf+u]|; kf6L{df ;dfhnfO{ k'g/{rgf ug'{kb{5 eGg] ;f]rfO ePsf g]tf / sfo{stf{ klg lyP . pgLx¿sf lglDt ;dtfsf] l;4fGt / p2]Zo ;ayf]s lyof] . /, of] cfjZos 5 eGg] 7x/;d]t pgLx¿sf] lyof] . ltgtfsf sfFu|];L kf6L{ b'O{j6f bndf ljeflht ePsf] lyof]– -s_ u/d bn -v_ g/d bn . u/d bnsf ljrf/ cToGt /fd|f lyP . t/ log} u/d bnsf dflg;n] klg cDa]8s/nfO{ /fhg}lts k|ltls|ofjfbL tyf ;fd|fHojfbsf lk7\oF" eg]/ lj/f]w ub{y] . d la|l6z ;/sf/k|lt ;tt\ Pslgi7 5' eGg] egfO :jo+ 8f= cDa]8s/sf] lyof] . pgn] of] s'/f] Psk6s dfq xf]Og, w]/} k6s bf]xf]¥ofPsf lyP . t/ lsg xf] s'GgL, d}n] o; egfO ;f]x|}cfgf ;xL xf] eGg] s'/f] slxNo} klg :jLsf/ ul/gF . pgdf sfFu|];L g]tfeGbf b]zelQmsf] efjgf s'g} klg xfntdf sd lyPg . pgsf k|fyldstfx¿ leGg dfq lyP . b'O{ xhf/ jif{b]lv ;j0f{ lxGb'x¿n] cGofo / cTofrf/ ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . o;}sf] lj?4 n8\g] / ;fdflhs ;dtf :yfkgf ug]{ 8f=cDa]8s/sf] b[9 ljrf/ lyof] . pgsf lglDt oxL g} k|fylds k|Zg lyof], ;aeGbf dxŸjk"0f{ ljifo lyof] . pgL :jtGqtfsf lj/f]wL lyPgg\ . la|l6z ;Qf tTsfn x:tfGt/0f x'g'kb{5 eGg] pgsf] rfxgf lyof] . :jtGqtf¿kL ;"o{sf] k|sfzdf blnt ju{nfO{ plrt :yfg k|fKt x'g'kb{5 eGg] klg pgsf] csf]{ rfxgf lyof] . oL b'j} df]rf{df n8\g'kg]{ l:ylt lyof] . t/ pgL PSn} n8\g ;Sb}gy] . o;}n] pgn] cfkm\gf] zlQm /fhgLlts :jtGqtflt/ nufpg'sf] ;f6f] ;fdflhs cTofrf/ ;dfKt ug{lt/ s]lGb|t u/]sf lyP . :jefjtM pgsf] ;xfg'e"lt dxfTdf Hof]ltaf km'n], dxfb]j uf]ljGb /fg8] / uf]kfn u0f]z cfu/s/k|lt lyof] .

Toltv]/ xfd|f] Pp6f t?0f d08nL lyof] . To; d08nLdf /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs / cfly{s k|Zgaf/] tfTtftf] rrf{ / ax; eO/xGYof] . d lgoldt ¿kn] lhGgf / cDa]8s/sf] kIf lnP/ af]Ng] ub{y] . ;fob o;sf] k5fl8 Tolta]nfsf] d]/f] tf?0o–;'ne–cfTd–k|bz{g jf s]xL xb;Dd

ljt08fjfbsf] efjgf lyof] xf]nf . d]/f Pshgf ;fyL lyP . pgn] dnfO{ To:tf km6fxfsf] k|z+;f ug]{ eg]/ cf/f]k nufpg] ub{y] . ;fob d]/f] Jojxf/ Pp6f af}l4s a7\ofOF lyof] . t/ oL b'j} g]tfx¿nfO{ d}n] c;fWo} cfb/ ub{y] . clxn] klg ddf of] cfb/–efj p:t} 5 . cem eGg'kbf{ of] efj emg} a9]sf] 5 . lhGgf / cDa]8s/nfO{ sfFu|];Lx¿n] b]Vg} ;Sb}gy] . cDa]8s/k|lt sfFu|];Lx¿df crDdsf] l/;/fu lyof] . Tolta]nf sf+u]|;sf] cy{ k'ghL{ljt /fi6« lyof] . ;fd|fHojfbl;t n8\g' Tolta]nfsf] ;aeGbf dxŸjk"0f{ nIo lyof] . ;a}df cfbz{ k|]d / Tofusf] efjgf lyof] . hlt of] dfqf a9L x'GYof], b]zsf] :jtGqtfk|lt ;dk{0fsf] efjgf Tolt g} Hofbf x'GYof] . o:tf] dgl:yltdf cDa]8s/ / lhGgfh:tf JolQm /fi6«jfbL nIosf] ljk/Ltem}F nfUby] . t/ oL b'j} g]tfk|lt c¿df ePsf]h:tf] s6'tf ddf lyPg . pgLx¿sf] klg Pp6f kIf 5 . /, To; kIfnfO{ /fi6«jfbL ;dfrf/–kq / sfFu|];Lx¿n] To;} pkxf; ub{5g\ eGg] dnfO{ nfUbYof] . cDa]8s/sf] hGd cToGt kLl8t ;dfhdf ePsf] lyof] . pgsf] dgdf 1fgsf] ef]s lyof] . pgdf cGofosf] k|ltsf/ ug]+ k|an OR5f lyof] . pgn] k|l;4Lsf cg]sfg]s lzv/ lht] . /, cfkm" pbfx/0f ag]/ pgn] hGd, ju{ / hfltsf] >]i7tfsf dfGotfnO{ Wj:t kf/] .

8f= eLd/fj cDa]8s/sf] hGd ;g\ !*(! df ePsf] lyof] . pgsf] a'jfsf] gfpF /fdhL cDa]8s/ lyof] . 8f=cDa]8s/ cfkm\gf] a'jfcfdfsf rf}wf}F / clGtd ;Gtfg lyP . la|l6z ;/sf/n] logs} dxf/ hfltsf dflg;nfO{ ;]gfdf etL{ ug]{ gLlt agfPsf] lyof] . o;}n] cDa]8s/hLsf k'vf{n] ;]gfdf etL{ eP/ k|lzIf0f tyf gf]s/L k|fKt ug]{ df}sf kfPsf lyP . ;g\ !*(@ df PSsfl; ;]gf etL+ ug]{ sfd /f]lsof] . Tolta]nf cDa]8s/ Ps jif{sf lyP . pgsf a'jfn] ;'abf/ d]h/ kb kfPsf lyP . cDa]8s/ hlGdPsf] jif{df g} pgL ;]jflgj[t eP . cDa]8s/nfO{ k9\g]a]nf lgs} ckdfg ;xg'k/]sf] lyof] . t/ pgdf lzj;+sNk lyof] . /, pgn] cfkm\gf] c8fg 5f]8]gg\ . pgn] ;g\ !()& df P;=Pn=;L= kf; u/] . :s'ndf k9\bfv]l/ cDa]8s/n] cfkm"n] ef]u]sf b'Mvsi6sf] :d/0f o;/L u/]sf 5g\ M æd]/f] :s'ndf Pshgf ejkfBuh sfd ug]{ dlxnf lyOg\ . pgL :jo+ clzlIft lyOg\ . t/ pgn] 5'jf5"t dfGblyg\ . dl;t 5f]OG5' ls eGg] ;f]r]/ pgL k/—k/} CkLnfFku~ . Ps lbg dnfO{ lgs} Kof; nfUof] . dnfO{ wf/f 5'g] cg'dlt lyPg . ;lSys dnfO{ kfgL rflxof] eGg] s'/f]

df:6/hLnfO{ eg]F . pxfFn] kfn]nfO{ wf/f vf]Ng vg;zkmuqeof] . kfn]n] wf/f vf]n] . To;kl5 d}n] kfgL lkPF . R;ks fnu kfn] :s'n gcfPsf] eP d Kof;f] g} /xg'kb{Yof] . 3/ k'u]/ g} d]/f] Kof; dg]{ lyof] .Æ Toltv]/ o:tf s}of}F afwfc8\rgg: lyP . t/ cDa]8s/n] oL ;a ;x]/ Psfu| eO{ cfkm\gf] lzIff k"/f u/] . lzIffaf6 g} blnt / c¿ k5f}6] ju{nfO{ cj;/ k|fKTf x'g]5 / pgLx¿sf] k|ultsf] 9f]sf v'Ng]5 eGg] pgsf] ljZjf; lyof] . 1fg k|fKt gu/]/ ;Qf kfOFb}g eGg] ljrf/df pgL hLjgel/ b[9 lyP . cDa]8s/sf] afNosfn b'MvS}& b'MvSdf lat]sf] lyof] . t}klg s]xL pbf/ âbosf dflg;n] pgnfO{ ;xof]u / k|f]T;fxg u/] . of] g} xfd|f] b]zsf] ;f}efUosf] s'/f] lyof] . cDa]8s/sf] z}lIfs k|ultaf/] aDaO{sf] ;/sf/n] lgDglnlvt l6Kk0fL u/]sf] kfOG5 M æeLd/fj /fdhL cDa]8s/ ufpF cDa]8 -tfn's bfkf]nL lhNnf /Tglu/L_ sf x'g\ / pgL dxf/ hfltsf x'g\ . pgL aDaO{ ljZjljBfnosf :gfts x'g . /, pgn] PlNkm+:6g sn]haf6 aL=P= kf; u/] . pgn] a8f}bf l/;fotsf] hflu/ vfP . ;g\ !(!# df pgnfO{ a8f}bf ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 cy{zf:qsf] pRr lzIffsf lglDt cd]l/sf k7fOof] . pgn] P;=P; ;f8]{gf gfpF u/]sf] kfgL hxfh r9]/ !% h"g, !(!# df aDaO{ 5f]8] .Æ cDa]8s/n] cd]l/sfdf yk b'O{ jif{ a:g kfpF eGg] lgj]bg u/]sf lyP . o; cjlwdf pgsf] cWoog k"/f x'g]5 eGg] pgsf] ;f]rfO lyof] . a8f}bfsf dxf/fhn] lgj]bg cg';f/sf] cjlw a9fP . /, cDa]8s/n] sf]nlDaof ljZjljBfnoaf6 kL=Pr=8L= sf] pkflw k|fKt u/] . To;kl5 cufl8sf] cWoog ug{ pgL O+UNof08 uP . o;cl3 pgn] h]h:tf] pknlAw k|fKt u/]sf eP klg o;df pgL ;Gt'i6 lyPgg\ . h]hlt k|fKt eof] To;}df ;Gtf]if u/]/ pgL a;]gg\ . pgdf 1fg–lkkf;f lgs} tLj| lyof] . klZrdL z}lIfs ahf/sf] k|lt:kwf{df cfkm" pFleg ;Sg] / 1fg tyf of]Uotfdf s'g} ;j0f{ lxGb'sf s'g} klg rlDsnf tf/feGbf sd gx'g] s'/f] pgL l;4 ug{ rfxGy] . oxL p2]Zo lnP/ pgL O+UNof08 uPsf lyP . vf; u/L ToxfF uP/ a}l/:6/L k9\g] / n08g ljZjljBfnoaf6 Pd=P;=;L pkflw kfKt ug]{ pgsf] OR5f lyof] .

cfkm\gf] cWoog k"0f{ x'g'cl3 g} cDa]8s/nfO{ ef/t kmls{g'k¥of] . lsgeg] pgsf] 5fqj[lQ ;dfKt ul/Psf] lyof] . pgn] k'gM gf]s/L ug{ yfn] . o;kN6 pgL a8f}bfsf dxf/fhsf ;}lgs ;lrj ag] . t/ ToxfF pgn] sNkg} ug{ g;lsg] oftgfx¿ ef]Ug'k¥of] .

8f= cDa]8s/n] a8f}bf ;/sf/sf] ;]jf ub}{ lyP . pgn] ToxfF ;xg} g;lsg] lsl;dsf cg'ejx¿ a6'n]sf lyP . a8f}bf k'u]kl5 :6]zgdf pgnfO{ lng sf]xL cfPg . pgn] a:g] 7fpF klg kfPgg\ . s'g} klg xf]6]n]n] pgnfO{ a:g lbPg . oxfF;Dd ls s'g} klg 3/ dflnsn] pgnfO{ 8]/f lbg dfg]g . cGtdf s]xL gnfu]/ pgn] cfkm\gf] gfpF km]/] . clgdfq pgn] Pp6f kf/;Lsf] nhdf a:g] df}sf kfP . nh dflnsn] c;nL hft yfxf kfPkl5 pgnfO{ lk6\g b'u'/] . oL t ;a eP g} . cfkm\g} sfof{nodf ;d]t pgnfO{ lgs} ckdfghgs Jojxf/ ul/of] . rk/f;Ln] kfk nfU5 ls eGg] 8/n] kmfOnnfO{ pgLdfly jf 6]a'ndf km\ofFlslbGy] . pgn] vfg] kfgL klg kfpFb}gy] . pgn] dxf/fhf;Fu ph'/L u/] . t/ To;af6 s]xL kmn lg:s]g . lbjfgn] klg o;af/] c;dy{tf k|s6 u/] .

8f= cDa]8s/n] o:Tff] ckdfg ;xg ;s]gg\ . pgsf] gf]s/L ug]{ OR5f o;} ;]nfP/ uof] . gf]s/L ul//x]sf] eP pgsf] kbf]Gglt klg x'g] lyof] . /, tna klg /fd|} x'GYof] . t/ ;j0f{ lxGb'x¿n] pgLk|lt Hofb|f] Jojxf/ u/] . pgn] aDaO{ kmls{g] lgZro u/] . cfkm\gf] cw'/f] cWoognfO{ k"/f ug]{ OR5f cem} afFsL lyof] . pgL a}l/:6/ aGg rfxGy] . :jtGq cfhLljsfsf] s'g} ;fwg x'g'kb{5 eGg] pgnfO{ nfUof] . blnt ju{ eofgs cGofosf l;sf/ ePsf lyP . log}sf] pTyfg ug]{ pgsf] OR5f lyof] . pgsf lglDt of] Ps lsl;dsf] j|t g} lyof] .cfkm\gf b'MvnfO{ Jofks n8fOFsf] k|jfxdf 8'afP/ g} pgn] cfkm"nfO{ pbfQ agfP/ ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;Sby] . a8f}bfdf /xFbf 8f= cDa]8s/nfO{ a8f] si6k"0f{ Jojxf/ ul/Psf] lyof] . oxL sf/0f pgL aDaO{ kms]{ . ToxfF cfP/ pgn] 6\o'zg k9fpg nfu] . pgL Pp6f Jofkf/Lsf] ;Nnfxsf/ klg eP . kl5 uP/ pgL l;8gxd sn]hsf] k|fWofks eP . ca pgL :yfoL ¿kn] aDaO{df a:g yfn] .

To;kl5 pgn] blntsf ;d:ofaf/] ?lr lng yfn] . o; ;d:ofsf k|d'v ljifox¿ o:Tff lyP . /fhgLlts clwsf/, lzIff, /xg–;xg, ;/;kmfO / :t/Lo kl/l:ylt cflb .

;g\ !(!( lt/sf] s'/f] xf] . Toltv]/ zf;g–;'wf/ ;DaGwL k|Zgaf/] /fhgLlts kmfF6df lgs} rrf{ lyof] . ;g\ !(!& df P8ljg df06]Uo' -;]s|]6/L cfkm :6]6_ ef/t dGqL ePsf lyP . pgn] ef/tLosf xftdf la:tf/} pQ/bfoL zf;g x:tfGt/0f ug]{ afrf u/]sf lyP . lxGb' / d';ndfg b'j} ldn]/ oL ;'wf/ / k|ltlglwTj af/] Pp6f of]hgf tof/ u/]sf lyP . o;nfO{ …nvgpm of]hgfÚ elgG5 . o;df d';ndfgsf lglDt Pp6f 5'§} …lgjf{rg cfof]u’ l;4fGtnfO{ :jLsf/ ul/Psf] lyof] . d';ndfg cNk;+Vos ePsf k|fGtdf pgLx¿nfO{ /fd|} k|ltlglwTj lbg'kg]{ s'/f] klg sfFu|];Låf/f :jLsf/ ul/Psf] lyof] . o;sf] ;§fdf d'l:nd g]tfx¿n] k+hfj / a+ufndf cfkm\gf ;+Vofsf] cg'kftdf sd k|ltlglwTj lng] s'/f]nfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf lyP . ;g\ !(!&–!* sf] lxpFbdf df06]Uo' ef/t cfPsf lyP . ;g\ !(!* df df]08kmf]8{ l/kf]6{ k|sflzt eof] . clxn];Dd ;'lt/x]sf] ju{df /fhgLlts hfu[lt cfpg yfNof] . db|f;sf u}/– a|fXd0f ju{n] cf/If0fsf] dfu ug{ nfu] . aDaO{df klg o; ju{n] cfkm\gf] zlQm Pslqt ug{ yfNof] . o;f] ug'{sf] sf/0f ;Qf afx'gsf xftdf ghfcf]; eGg] g} lyof] . htfst} lxGb' ;dfhsf blnt ju{n] cfGbf]ng ug{ nfu] . /, pgLx¿sf] Wofg cfkm\gf] dfutkm{ hfg yfNof] . aDaO{df blnt ju{df dxf/sf] ;+Vof ;aeGbf a9L lyof] . /, pgLx¿ c¿ ;a}eGbf Hofbf hfu¿s klg lyP . pgLx¿n] cDa]8s/h:tf k|a'å / k|lzlIft k|v/ o'jf k|jQmf kfPsf lyP . o;nfO{ pgLx¿sf] ;f}efUo g} xf] eGg ;lsG5 . cufl8sf] k9fO ug{ hfg'cl3 pgn] blnt ju{sf lglDt cToGt dxŸjk"0f{ sfd u/]sf lyP . Pp6f …;fpya/f ;ldlt’ ag]sf] lyof] . o;sf] sfd k|ltlglwTj ;DaGwL ;f]wk'5 ug]{ / ;'emfj lng] lyof] . pgn] blntsf tkm{af6 Pp6f k|ltj]bg o; ;ldltnfO{ a'emfPsf lyP . of] Pp6f dxŸjk"0f{ k|ltj]bg lyof] . /, o;n] Tof] ;ldltnfO{ lgs} ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] . cDa]8s/n] cfkm\gf] k|ltj]bgdf lxGb' ;dfhdf ;fdflhs ljefhgsf] ljzb hfgsf/L lbPsf lyP . lxGb' ;dfhsf] 5'§f–5'§} tKsfdf dtbftfsf] ;+Vofsf b[li6n] dtbfgsf] kfqtfsf] hf] zt{ /flvPsf] 5 To;sf] s] kl/0ffd x'G5 eGg] ljZn]if0f o;df ul/Psf] lyof] . of] cˆ7]/f] zt{sf sf/0f afx'g dtbftfsf] ;+Vof pgLx¿sf] hg;+Vofsf] cg'kftdf lgs} w]/} x'G5 . afx'gx¿sf] dtbftfsf] ;+Vof lgs} yf]/} x'G5 . /, blnt dtbftfx¿sf] ;+Vof t gu0o g} x'G5 .

o; ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg s] xf] < Pp6f ;dfwfg lyof]– hflt jf ;fdflhs ju{ cg';f/ lgjf{rg cfof]u jf k[ys lgjf{rg cfof]u . csf]{ xf]– cf/lIft :yfgsf ;fy ;+o'Qm lgjf{rg cfof]u cyjf ax';b:oLo lgjf{rg If]q jf cf/lIft :yfgsf ;fy} ax';b:oLo lgjf{rg If]q . d';ndfg tyf u}/–afx'gsf lglDt k[ys lgjf{rg vk;ksx x'g' plrt xf]Og eGg] pgsf] egfO lyof] . ;+o'Qm lgjf{rg cfof]u / ax';b:oLo lgjf{rg If]qdf pgLx¿sf lglDt ;L6 cf/lIft eof] eg] pgLx¿sf] lxt ;'/lIft x'g]5 . t/ blnt ju{sf lglDt oL pkfo nfu" x'g] 5}gg\ eGg] cDa]8s/sf] ;f]rfO lyof] . aDaO{ k|fGtsf /Tglu/L / sf]nfafsf lhNnfsf] pbfx/0f lbP/ pgn] eg] ls– k|lt xhf/sf] hg;+Vofdf dtbftfx¿sf] ;+Vof a|fXd0fdf #^&=$, d/f7fdf #))=(, d';ndfgdf (%=(, dxf/sf] @=& / hfltdf @=#@ x'g]5 . pgn] blnt ju{sf af/] ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . hg;+Vofsf cg'kftdf pgsf lglDt :yfg cf/lIft ug'{kb{5 . k[ys lgjf{rg cfof]u x'g'kb{5 . /, blnt dtbftf a9fpgsf lglDt cfo / ;Dklt ;DaGwL zt{x¿nfO{ lzlyn kfg'{kb{5 . cDa]8s/n] cfkm\g} 1fkgkqdf blnt ju{sf afwfx¿nfO{ s|lds ¿kdf pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .

To; ju{n] Jofkf/ ug{ ;Sb}g . pgLx¿sf lglDt pBf]u–wGwf rnfpg] af6f aGb ul/Psf 5g\ . gf]s/L ug]{ 7fpF klg 5}g, cflb s'/f To;df 5g\ . pgn] Pp6L dxf/ cfOdfO{sf] pbfx/0f lbPsf 5g\ . o; cg';f/ t/a'hf] a]r]sf] sf/0f k'ln;n] pgnfO{ ks|]/ nUof] .

Oi6 Ol08of sDkgLsf] zf;gtfsf blnt ju{sf lglDt sd;] sd ;]gfdf etL{ x'g] af6f] v'nf lyof] . ;g\ !*%( df dflSr{; 6\jL8n8]nn] ef/tLo ;]gf cfof]ucl3 Pp6f l6Kk0fL /flvPsf] s'/f] klg pgn] atfP . o;af6 pgn] Pp6f pbfx/0f lbP . ;fgf hftsf dflg;sf] ;xfotfn] ef/tnfO{ lhltPsf] lyof] eGg] s'/f] slxNo} lal;{g' x'Fb}g . sd;] sd klZrd ef/tsf] ;DaGwdf of] s'/f] lans'n} ;xL lyof] . o;sf] ljk/Lt a+ufn cfdL{df pRr hfltsf] k|e'Tj lyof] . ljb|f]xkl5 cª\u|]hn] d/f7fnfO{ ;]gfdf etL{ ug{ nfUof] . oL gofF egf{ ePsf JolQmx¿df hftLo k"jf{u|x lgs} k|an lyof] . logLx¿n] tNnf] hfltsf clwsf/Lsf] dftxtdf /x]/ sfd ug{ ;fkm} dfg]gg\ . kl/0ffd:j¿k blnt hfltnfO{ ;]gfdf etL{ ug{ aGb ul/of] .

dquSCksyk c:k[Zo -c5"t. rYyks tkr ok nfyr _ / ;j0f{ k9\g] b'O{ y/Lsf 5'§k5'§} :s'nx¿ lyP . c:k[Zo -c5"t_ sf] jl/i7 >]0fLsf f”k{kdsf] kb l/Qm eof] eg] ;j0f{af6 g} ;f] kb k"lt{ ul/GYof] . t/ ;j0f{sf] :s'ndf l/Qm kb eof] eg] nfyrdk pDd]bjf/ ToxfF hfg ;Sb}gy] . lxGb'x¿sf] ;fdflhs Jojxf/sf] oxL g} g}ltstf xf] eGg] cDa]8s/sf] s6'tfk"0f{ egfO lyof] . pgsf] s6'tf plrt g} lyof] . cDa]8s/n] /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] b[li6sf]0faf/] To; 1fkgdf /f]rs l6Kk0fL u/]sf 5g\ . ;g\ !(!^ df ltnsjfbL / u/d bnn] sfFu|];L sAhf u¥of] . pgLx¿n] pbf/tf b]vfpFb} d';ndfg;Fu ;Demf}tf u/] . t/ bnk|lt s'g} ;xfg'e"lt b]vfpg pgLx¿nfO{ cfjZostf k/]g . cDa]8s/n] logLx¿nfO{ /fhgLlts b[li6n] k|ultzLn / ;fdflhs b[li6n] k|ltlØofjfbL dfGby] . g/d bnsf dflg; pgLx¿eGbf s]xL ;kmn lyP . k5f}6] ju{sf] k|ltlglwTjsf lglDt pgLx¿sf s]xL ;'emfjx¿ lyP . oBlk tL ;'emfj kof{Kt eg] lyPgg\ . t}klg olt ;xfg'e"lt b]vfPsf]n] klg pgLx¿sf] cfef/ dfGg'kb{5 . ;g\ !(!# sf] s'/f] xf] . Pp6f ;b:on] s]Gb|Lo ;efdf Pp6f k|ultzLn k|:tfj k|:t't u/]sf lyP . o;af/] tL ;b:onfO{ cfnf]rgf ul/of] . /, r'gfjdf pgsf] 7fpFdf ltnssf k|d'v cg'ofoL hL=P;= vfk8]{n] r'gfj lht] . pgn] r'gfj k|rf/ ubf{ eg]sf lyP– nfyrg:dks p4f/ xusZ ekful :jtM ikih gqu~ . cDa]8s/n] a|fXd0f jr{:j ePsf] a'l4hLlj ju{af/] o;/L eg]sf lyP– logLx¿n] ;a}sf tkm{af6 s'/f ub{5g\ . t/ logLx¿n] kIf eg] cfkm\g} hfltsf] lnG5g\ . sf]xL a'l4jfbL afx'g klg x'G5g\ . t/ pgLx¿ 5'jf5"tsf] eofgstfnfO{ bfz{lgs zAbfjnLdf dfq :jLsf/ ub{5g\ . /, 5'jf5"taf6 ;dfhnfO{ lgs} vt/f 5 eGg] s'/f] ub{5g\ . ltns blntsf ;jfnaf/] df}g lyP . pgn] blntk|lt s'g} ;xfg'e"lt /fv]sf lyPgg\ . o;sf lglDt cDa]8s/n] pgsf] s6' cfnf]rgf u/]sf 5g\ . ltnsn] c5"tsf cfFvfdf 5f/f] xfNgsf lglDt agfj6L ;xfg'e"lt b]vfpFy] . c5"tsf k|Zgaf/] ljrf/ ug{sf lglDt Pp6f ;ef cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ltnsn] o; ;efdf Pp6f 5f]6f] efif0f u/]sf lyP . ltnssf] ;f}efUon] ubf{ Tof] efif0f st} 5flkPg eg]/ cDa]8s/n] Jo+Uo u/]sf lyP . 5'jf5"t v/fa k|0ffnL xf] .

o;sf lj?4 tof/ ul/Psf] k|ltj]bgdf ltnsn] x:tfIf/ ug{ dfg]gg\ . of] s'/f] cDa]8s/n] ljZj:t ;"qaf6 yfxf kfP/ u/]sf lyP . o; lsl;dsf] hfgsf/L cfkm";Fu ePsf] s'/f] pgn] u/]sf lyP . ;g\ !(!( df cDa]8s/n] …;fpya/f ;ldltÚ nfO{ Pp6f 1fkg a'emfPsf lyP . oxfF lj:t[t ¿kdf o;sf] rrf{ ug'{sf b'O6f sf/0f 5g\ . Ps t pgsf] ;fdflhs Pj+ /fhgLlts ljrf/ o; 1fkgdf clnslt k/]s} 5 . csf]{ efjL sfo{s|daf/] k|sfz kfl/Psf] 5 . ;g\ !(@) sf] pQ/fw{lt/ cDa]8s/nfO{ sfg'g / cy{zf:qsf] cWoog k"/f ug]{ ljrf/ eof] . o;kN6 pgnfO{ sf]xnk'/sf zfx" dxfhgn] ;xof]u u/] . pgL afx'gzfxLsf lj/f]wL lyP . pgsf] blntk|lt ;xfg'e"lt lyof] . cDa]8s/n] a}l/:6/L kl/Iff kf; u/] . o;sf ;fy} pgn] ljQLo / df}lb|s -?k}ofFsf] ;d:of_ sf] cWoog klg k"/f u/] . pgL oL ljifosf ljz]if1 g} eP . ef/t kms]{kl5 cDa]8/n] jsfnt ;'? u/] . blnt ju{sf lglDt :yfkgf ul/Psf] Pp6f ;+:yf lyof] . To; ;+:yfsf] gfpF …alx:s[t lxtsfl/0fL ;ef’ lyof] . t/ Tolta]nf Tof] ;ef d[tk|foM lyof] . cDa]8s/n] g} To;nfO{ k'ghL{ljt u/]sf lyP . k|f/De;Dd To; ;+:yfsf] s'g} ljz]if zlQm lyPg . cDa]8s/n] To; ;+:yfnfO{ g]t[Tj u/] . o;}n] To; ;+:yfsf] k|lti7f emg} a9\g nfUof] . t];|f] bzsdf ;/sf/L sfuhftdf cDa]8s/nfO{ lgs} ljåfg / k|efjzfnL JolQm elgPsf] lyof] . To; ;efn] dxf/, 3]pm / rdf/ hftsf] ul/aL x6fpg] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f] ul/Psf] lyof] . /fhgLlts b[li6n] ;efsf af/]df s'g} cfklQhgs s'/f] 5}g . /, o;sf] g]t[Tj ;efsf Psdfq pNn]vgLo ;b:on] ub{5g\ . o; ;efsf cfkmg} ls|ofsnfk lyP . h:t}M v]n, k':tsfno, :s'n, 5fqfjf;, ;xsf/L art, pwf/ ;ldlt, dfl;s k|sfzg tyf ;f+:s[lts sfo{sd | cflb .

Toltv]/ ef/tdf vf; u/L ;dfhjfbL / ;fDojfbLx¿ lyP . logLx¿df cf}Bf]uLs/0f / cfw'lgsLs/0f af/] cGw>4f lyof] . o;af6 k'/fgf k"jf{u|x, wfld{s lj/f]w / hfltut lgi7fx¿ ;dfKt eP/ dhb'/df Psh'6tf Pj+ ju{ r]tgf cfpg]5 eGg] logLx¿sf] ljZjf; lyof] . la|6]gsf

;dfhjfbL klg cfkm\gf ;dfhjfbL ;fyLh:t} oxL ljZjf;df d'Uw lyP . t/ ef/tsf] j:t'l:yltn] o; a'låsf] tLj|tfnfO{ tf]8\g]5 . SnLd]06 P6nL n]a/ kf6L{sf g]tf lyP . låtLo ljZj o'4kl5 pgL la|6]gsf k|wfgdGqL ag] . pgL t];|f] bzsdf ;fOdg sldzgsf] ;b:o ag]/ ef/t cfPsf lyP . o; sldzgsf cl3lNt/ s]xL vf; s'/f cfPsf lyP . dhb'/ Psh'6tf ;DaGwL o;sf] cfkm\g} vf; wf/0ff lyof] . /, o; ;DaGwL o;nfO{ lgs} wSsf nfu]sf] lyof] xf]nf . o;af/] cDa]8s/ / P6nLaLr jftf{nfk ePsf] lyof] . /, To;nfO{ oxfF o;/L k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 M d]h/ P6nL– s] blnt ju{sf dflg;n] sk8f ldn jf o:t} c¿ pBf]udf sfd u5{g < cDa]8s/–

xf], ;a} blntn] dhb'/L ub{5g\ .

d]h/ P6nL– tkfOn] d]/f] cfzo a'em\g' ePg . d}n] pBf]u–wGwfsf af/]df ;f]w\b} 5' . blnt ju{n] ufpFdf vf; wGwfsf] sfd ub{5g\ . s] pBf]udf 7"nf] ;+Vofdf blntn] sfd ub{5g\ . cDa]8s/–

w]/} 7"nf] ;+Vofdf .

d]h/ P6nL– oxfF t pgLx¿nfO{ c5"t dflgb}g . cDa]8s/–

dflgb}g . d Pp6f s'/f]lt/ oxfFsf] Wofg ;fg{ rfxG5' . tna /fd|f] kfOg] a'gfO–ljefuaf6 blntnfO{ 6f9} /flvG5 . s'g} vf; ljefudf g} blntn] k|j]z ug{ kfpF5 .

d]h/ P6nL– lsg < cDa]8s/–

5'jf5"tsf] sf/0f .

d]h/ P6nL– t/ ToxfF sfd ug]{a]nf ;a} hftsf ;a} dhb'/;Fu sfd ub{5g\, xf]Og / < cDa]8s/–

xf]Og, of] s'/f xf]Og . hftsf cfwf/df ljefu afFl8g] ul/G5 . Pp6f ljefudf ;a} blnt x'G5g\ . csf]{ ljefudf h:t} a'gfO ljefudf ;a} d';ndfg jf ;j0f{ lxGb' x'G5g\ .

;g\ !(!( sf] …;fpyaf/fÚ l/kf]6{sf] a]nfb]lv cDa]8s/ o; e]befjsf lj?4 n8\b} lyP . ldn dflnssf] em'sfj ;j0f{ lxGb' dhb'/lt/ lyof] . o:tf] k"jf{u|xsf lj?4 …alx:s[t lxtsf/L ;ef’ n8\b} lyof] .

t];|f] bzssf] cGtlt/sf] s'/f] xf] . Tof]a]nf ldn dhb'/n] nfdf] x8\tfn u/] . cDa]8s/nfO{ o; x8\tfndf ;xefuL agfpg] sDo'lg:6x¿sf] OR5f lyof] . t/ pgn] o; s'/f]nfO{ :jLsf/ u/]gg\ . clg sDo'lgi6x¿n] pgnfO{ …ju{ Pstfsf b'Zdg / x8\tfn efF8\g]’ eg]/ lgGbf ug{ yfn] . oL k|ultzLn dhb'/ ;+u7g / pgsf g]tfn] blntnfO{ a'gfO–ljefuaf6 aflx/ /fVg] k|0ffnLsf lj?4 lsg af]n]gg\ < cDa]8s/n] of] k|Zg cl3 ;f/]sf lyP . dfS;{jfbL o'/f]kaf6 gsn u/]sf] l;4fGtsf u'nfd x'g\ eGg] cDa]8s/sf] egfO lyof] . pgLx¿n] ef/tsf] clk|o / ljlzi6 l:yltnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ sfd ub}{gg\ . cDa]8s/ k'FhLjfb / c;dfgtfdf cfwfl/t ;fdflhs Joj:yf b'j};+u n8\g rfxGy] . …alxis[t lxtsfl/0fL ;ef’ sf] zlQm la:tf/} a9\g yfNof] . To; ;efsf zq'x¿n] cDa]8s/nfO{ ;s] hlt abgfd u/] . t/ pgsf] Voflt a9\g nfUof] . To; ;efsf] sfd /rgfTds sfo{s|daf6 cDa]8s/n] To;nfO{ lj/f]w cfGbf]ng / ;f]em} sf/afxL ug]{ d~r agfP . sf]nfaf / /Tglu/L lhNnf cDa]8s/sf alnof lsNnf ag] . ufGwLhLn] ;Tofu|x k|ltkfbg u/] . pgn] of] xltof/ e[TotGqsf lj?4 / ljb]zL ;/sf/af6 cfly{s Gofo kfpgsf lglDt k|of]u u/]sf lyP . rDkf/0fdf ldn dflnssf cTofrf/sf lj?4, u'h/ftdf dfnkf]t ldgfxfaf/] cyjf :j/fHo k|fKt ug]{ cflb o:tf ljifosf lglDt ufGwLhLn] ;Tofu|x pkof]u u/]sf lyP . cDa]8s/n] ;fdflhs cGofo;+u n8\gsf lglDt l;len gfkm/dfgL -;ljgo cj1f— Civil Disobedience_ xltof/ k|of]u u/]sf lyP . dxf8sf] …rjbf/’ kf]v/Ldf gu/kflnsfsf] :jfldTj lyof] . blntn] oxfFsf] kfgL eg{ kfpg'k5{ eGg] dfu cl3 ;fl/of] . oxL dfu /fv]/ dxf8sf] ;Tofu|x ;'? ePsf] lyof] . cDa]8s/n] l;len gfkm/dfgL -;ljgo cj1f cfGbf]ng_sf] af6f] ;dft] . o;}n] of] ;Tofu|x lgs} k|l;4 ;Tofu|x eof] . t/ Pp6f crDd kg]{ s'/f] klg 5 . PSsfO{; jif{kl5 ljwfg;efdf clGtd efif0f ub}{ pgn] l;len gfkm/dfgLnfO{ …c/fhstfjfbsf] Jofs/0fÚ eg]sf lyP . rf}yf] bzsdf pgn] gfl;sdf dlGb/ k|j]z ug{ kfpg] clwsf/sf lglDt ;Tofu|x u/] . d"ntM ;f]emf] sf/afxLdf pgsf] ljZjf; lyPg . pgsf lglDt ;+j}wflgs / nf]stflGqs af6f lk|o lyP . /, clGtd xltof/sf ¿kdf pgn] l;len gfkm/dfgL :jLsf/ u/]sf lyP .

aDaO{sf] ljwfg ;efdf cDa]8s/nfO{ blntsf k|lwlglwsf ¿kdf Nofpg] sfd ul/of] . pgn] o; d~raf6 klg blnt / c¿ zf]lift ju{sf kIfdf k|efjsf/L e"ldsf lgjf+{x u/]sf lyP . ;g\ !(#% df ;+ljwfg clwlgod cg';f/ r'gfj x'g] lyof] . cDa]8s/n] r'gfj n8\gsf lglDt Pp6f kf6L{ agfP . /, To; kf6L{sf] gfpF…:jtGq dhb'/ kf6L{’ lyof] . Ro; kf6L{sf] ;+u7g k|fGtel/ g} lyof] . k|fGtLo ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfjdf Ro; kf6L{n] kGw| :yfg k|fKt u¥of] . tLdWo] t]x|j6f cf/lIft lyP / c¿ b'O6frfFlx ;fdfGo lyP . cg';"lrt hftsf lglDt cf/lIft :yfgdf cDa]8s/n] ce"tk"j{ ;kmntf k|fKt u/]sf lyP . pgnfO{ x/fpg] lgs} sf]lzz ul/Psf] lyof] . t/ pgLx¿sf] Tof] sf]lzz ;kmn x'g ;s]g . cDa]8s/sf ljrf/ / s[ltTj a'em\g' h?/L 5 . t/ o;sf lglDt pgsf k/:k/ lj/f]wL k|]/0ffx¿nfO{ nIodf /fVg'kg]{ 5 . Psflt/ pgnfO{ ;fdflhs ljifdtf / cGofosf lj?4 n8\gk' /]sf] lyof] . csf]{lt/ pgL ;fFRrf] cy{df ef/tLo lyP . lxGb' ;dfhaf6 pgn] / pgsf] hftn] pk]Iff dfq kfPsf] lyof] . t/ olt x'Fbf klg ckm\7]/f] ;dodf pgsf] b]z k|]dsf] efjgf ck|Tofl;t ¿kdf k|s6 x'g] uYof]{ . pgsf b'O6f OR5fx¿ lyP . ef/t dxfg xf];\ / ;fdflhs cGofo ;dfKt xf];\ . oL b'O{ OR5faLr Pp6f ;tt\ / l;h{gfTds tgfj pgdf b]lvGYof] . ;fOdg sldzgcl3 lbg] aofg xf];\ jf uf]ndf]r ;Dd]ngsf] efif0f, cg';"lrt hftnfO{ ljz]if k|ltlglwTj lbg] k|ZgnfO{ 5f8]/ s'g} klg k|Zgdf cDa]8s/sf] /fi6« k|]d s'g} klg b]zeQm g]tfeGbf sd lyPg . pgL cª\u|]hsf] bf]ifk"0f{ …;+3 /fHo of]hgf’ sf lj?4 lyP . s]Gb|af6 ;Qf x:tfGt/0f / ef/tLo l/of;tsf] k|zf;gsf] nf]stGqLs/0f x'g'kb{5 eGg] pgsf] rfxgf lyof] . clk|n, !(#* df sgf{6ssf lglDt 5'§} k|fGt lgdf{0fsf] k|:tfjaf/] cfkm\gf s'/f /fVb} pgn] aDaO{ ljwfg ;efdf If]qjfb / k|fGtjfbsf] ;+s'lrt wf/0ffnfO{ s6' lgGbf u/] . / xfdL ;a} ef/tLo xf}F eGg] efjgfsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ g} xfd|f] nIo x'g'kb{5 eGg] s'/f]df pgn] hf]8 lbPsf lyPM æxfdL klxn] ef/tLo xf}+ / To;kl5 lxGb' jf d';ndfg eGg] s]xL dflg;sf] egfO 5 . t/ dnfO{ of] s'/f] 7Ls nfUb}g . dnfO{ of] s'/f] :jLsfo{ klg 5}g . wd{, ;+:s[lt / efiff cflbsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds lgi7f xf]pGh]n ef/tLotfk|lt lgi7f pTkGg x'g ;Sb}g . dflg; klxn] ef/tLo xf]pmg\ / cGt;Dd ef/tLo /x"g\, ef/tLoafx]s c¿ s]xL gxf]pmg\ .Æ

cDa]8s/sf] cGts/0faf6 lg:s]sf oL zAbx¿ x'g\ . of] pgsf] /fli6«o lgi7fsf] cleJolQm lyof] . t/ pgsf] s'/fdf ;w}Fel/ …rj’ ykfx/xGYof] . s]xL g s]xL pgsf s'/fdf c8ª\uf nflu/xGYof] . ef/tLo OR5fsf] lj?4 ef/tnfO{ o'4df ws]Ng] ljifoaf/] aDaO{ ljwfg ;efdf af]Nb} aDaO{sf d'VodGqL aL=hL= v]/ / cDa]8s/aLr Pp6f :d/0fLo jfbljjfb ePsf] lyof] . cDa]8s/n] eg]– cS;/ dnfO{ unt ;lDemg] ul/G5 . d}n] cfkm\gf] b]znfO{ dfof ub{5' eGg] s'/f]df s'g} z+sf ug'{ kb}{g . t/ d o; b]zsf hgtfnfO{ of] s'/f] :ki6 ul/lbg rfxG5' ls d]/f] Pp6f csf]{ lgi7f klg 5 h;sf lglDt d k|lta4 5' . ======nfyr ;d'bfoek hfGd,sfys R;lizfr fu’Bk gquq gksA ===== /, o; ;bgdf hf]M+nkjdk ;fy eGg rfxG5' ls s'g}a]nf b]zsf] lxteGbf nfyrdks lxtnfO{ k|d'vtf lbg]5' . olb s'g} cfttfoLys b]zsf gfpFdf af]Nb5 eg] d}n] To;sf] ;dy{g ulb{gF . d s'g} kf6L{sf] ;dy{g dfq o;}n] ulb{g ls Tof] kf6L{n] b]zsf] gfpFdf af]Nb} 5 . hf] oxfF 5 / hf] oxfF 5}g ;a}n] d]/f] o; e"ldsfnfO{ a'em\g'kb{5 . d]/f] cfkm\gf] lxt / b]zsf] lxtsfaLr aflemof] eg] d}n] b]zsf] lxtnfO{ k|d'vtf lbg]5' . t/ olb b]z lxt / blnt ju{sf] lxtdf aflemof] eg] d}n] blnt ju{sf] lxtnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg]5' . la=hL= v]/n] o;sf] pQ/ o;/L lbPsf lyPM æd cDa]8s/hLsf] o; s'[/f]nfO{ ;dy{g ub{5' ls pgsf] lghL lxt / b]z lxtaLr aflemof]] eg] pgn] b]znfO{ k|d'vtf lbg]5g\ / d pgsf k|To]s zAbnfO{ bf]xf]¥ofpg]5' . dfggLo ;b:osf] hLjg / sfo{l;t d lgs6td ;'kl/lrt x'Fb} cfPsf] 5' . /, pgsf] s'/f] lans'n} ;xL 5 . pgn] xd];f b]zsf] enfOsf] bfFhf]df cfkm\gf] JolQmut pTsif{nfO{ uf}0f dfg]sf 5g\ . pgn] cufl8 s] eG5g\ eg] blntsf] lxt / b]z lxt aflemof] eg] pgn] blntx¿nfO{ k|wfgtf lbg]5g\ .Æ cDa]8s/—

;f]x|}cfgf 7Ls .

aL=hL= v]/— x]g'{;\, o; s'/f]nfO{ pgn] kG5fpFb} 5}gg\ . d]/f] cfklQ pgsf] o;} jQmJol;t 5 . c+z ;du|df 7"nf] x'g ;Sb}g . ;du|df c+z ;dfj]z x'g'kb{5 .

cDa]8s/â&#x20AC;&#x201D;

d tkfO{sf] ;du|sf] c+z xf]Og . d Pp6f cs}{ c+z x'F .

hflt ;+:yfsf] pGd"ngsf] cfXjfg

blntsf] l:yltdf ;'wf/ x'g'kb{5 . t/ of] ;'wf/ ;dtfd"ns ;dfh :yfkgfsf] Pp6f lx:;f xf] . /, Tof] lx:;f eg]sf] cfGbf]ng g} xf] . cDa]8s/n] cfkm\gf] hLjgsf s6' cg'ejaf6 of] s'/f] l;s]sf lyP . o:t} :jtGq dlxnf–k'?if ePsf] ;dfh lgdf{0f ug'{k/]sf] 5 . t/ of] sfd hflt– ;+:yfl;t gn8L x'g]5}g . of] ;+:yf ;dtfdf cfwfl/t ;dfhsf] lj/f]wL ;+:yf xf] . oltdfq xf]Og, ;Dk"0f{ dg'ionfO{ ;Ddfg lbg'kg]{ s'/f]sf] klg of] lj?4 5 . x'g t cDa]8s/ cy{zf:q / a}l/:6/L k9\g ljb]z uP . t/ pgsf] ;aeGbf ?lrsf] ljifo hflt ;d:of lyof] . hflt–;+:yfsf] pb\ud s;/L eof], o;sf :j¿k s]–s] x'g\ o;af/] vf]h ug]{ / o;nfO{ pGd"ng ug]{ pgsf] hLjgsf] k|d'v nIo lyof] . cDa]8s/ cd]l/sfdf k9\b} lyP . ltg}tfsf 8f=P=P= uf]N8g ljh/n] Pp6f uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf lyP . To; uf]i7Lsf] ljifo …g[tTj lj1fg’ lyof] . cDa]8s/n] Pp6f n]v n]v]/ Tof] uf]i7Ldf ;'gfPsf lyP . Tof] n]vsf] zLif{s …ef/tdf hfltM pb\ud ljsf; / :j¿k’ lyof] . of] dO{ (, !(!^ sf] s'/f] xf] . Tolta]nf cDa]8s/sf] pd]/ kRrL; jif{ dfq lyof] . sd} pd]/ eP klg To; n]vdf pgn] cfZro{hgs kl/kSjtf / cfsng zlQm b]vfPsf lyP . o;cl3 klg sltko ljåfgx¿n] o; ljifodf n]v n]v]sf lyP . t/ tL ljåfgsf] ljZn]if0f / cg'dfg k9]/ cDa]8s/ ;Gtf]if lyPgg\ . ;dfhzf:qsf Ps;] Ps gfpF rn]sf ljåfgx¿ 5g\ . t/ cDa]8s/sf] cfF6 / ;fx; uhas} lyof] . s;}l;t g8/fO pgn] lgw{Ss eP/ cfˆgf s'/f To; n]vdf /fv]sf lyP . pgsf] Tof] n]vdf :ki6tf / ;fx;sf u'0fx¿ lyP . Tof] k|yd n]vb]lv pgsf clGtd;Ddsf n]vfOdf oL b'j} u'0fx¿ lg/Gt/ e]l6G5g\ . oL t?0f ljBfyL{sf] l;4fGt s] lyof] < ;j{k|yd t pgn] hfltsf] kl/efiff;DaGwL ;d:oflt/ Wofg lbP . o;sf] kl/efiffdf cltJoflKt cJoflKtsf] bf]if x'g' x'Fb}g . o:t} kl/efiff pgn] rfx]sf lyP . pgn] eg]– dfgj ;dfh dfgj ;DaGwsf] hfn xf] . /, pgn] ;dfhsf]

;fj{sflns JolQmjfbL sNkgfnfO{ c:jLsf/ u/] . pgsf] of] ;fj{sflns JolQmjfb Pp6f lgs} 7"nf] 9f]+u lyof] . pgn] o;nfO{ o;/L eg]sf 5gM æJolQmn] g} ;dfh agfpF5 eGg' Psbd} ;txL s'/f] xf] . ju{x¿ ldn]/ g} ;dfh aGb5 . ju{–;+3if{sf] l;4fGtdf s]xL cltzof]lQm x'[g ;S5 . t/ ;dfhdf ju{x¿ x'G5g\ . of] klg ;fFRrf] s'/f] xf] . tL ju{sf cfwf/ leGbfleGb} x'g ;S5g\ . cfly{s cfwf/, af}lås jf ;fdflhs x'g ;S5g\ . t/ JolQm ;w+}el/ ;d"xsf] ;b:o g} x'G5 . of] ;fj{sflns ;To xf] . k|flrg lxGb' ;dfh To; lgodsf] ckjfb x'g ;Sb}g . /, Tof] ckjfb lyPg eGg] s'/f] xfdLnfO{ yfx} 5 . o; s'/f]nfO{ Wofg lbg] xf] eg] hflt ;DaGwL pb\udsf ljifodf cWoog ubf{ xfdLnfO{ lgs} ;xof]u k|fKt x'g]5 .

To;kl5 s'g ju{n] ;aeGbf klxn] cfkm"nfO{ hfltsf ¿kdf :yflkt u¥of] eGg] olt s'/f] lglZrt ug'{kg]{ 5 . lsgeg] ju{ / hflt lgs6jtL{ ;+sNkgfx¿ x'g . /, sfnfGt/df g} b'j} cnu–cnu x'G5g\ . aGb jf fLFkj Hk,dks ju{ g} hflt xf] .Æ ;d"xeGbf aflx/ ljjfx x'g'sf] ;f6f] ;d"xleq} c;uf]q ljjfxsf] k|0ffnL rNof] eg] ju{ hfltdf kl/0ft x'G5 eGg] cDa]8s/sf] egfO lyof] . j}jflxs PsfOdf dlxnf–k'?ifsf] ;+Vofd"ns c;dfgtfnfO{ x6fpg] k|of; ug'{ g} hfltsf] d"n xf] . of] k|Zg lgs} sl7g / plNemPsf] lyof] . o;sf lglDt lxGb' ;dfhn] rf/j6f pkfox¿ ckgfof]M !=

;tL k|yf cyf{t\ d[t kltsf] lrtfdf hLljt kTgLnfO{ hnfpg' .

@=

j}wJosf s8f lgod cg';f/ ljwjf dlxnfnfO{ k'glj{jfx ug]{ cg'dlt lyPg .

#=

afn–ljjfx .

$=

;Gof;

dg' ljlw–Joj:yfsf k|0f]tf x'g\ . elgG5, logn] g} hflt–Joj:yf lgdf{0f u/]sf x'g\ . t/ o; s'/f]df cDa]8s/sf] c;xdtL lyof] . s'g} Pp6f JolQm hlt;'s} zlQmzfnL eP klg hflt– Joj:yf lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sb}g eGg] egfO pgsf] lyof] . dg'n] hflt ;DaGwL sfg'g agfPsf x'g\ eGg] s'/f] sNkgfeGbf 6f9fsf] s'/f] xf] . pgn] of] sfd ug}{ ;Sbgy] . hflt dg'eGbf klxn] g} lyof] . zf:q jf :d[ltn] ;f]rL–;DemL hflt >]0fLx¿sf] lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] eGg] ;gftgL lxGb'x¿sf] dfGotf /lx cfPsf] 5 . t/ o; s'/f]nfO{ cDa]8s/n] v08g u/]sf 5g\ . a|fXd0fn] hflt–Joj:yf

agfP eGg] dfGotfnfO{ klg pgn] c:jLsf/ u/] . afx'gx¿n] cg]sfg]s kfk u/]sf 5g\ . o; ;+:yfnfO{ l6sfpgdf pgLx¿sf] xft 5 . t/ hflt–Joj:yf lgdf{0f u/]/ To;nfO{ u}/–a|fXd0fdf nfb\g] pgLx¿sf] ;fdYo{sf] s'/f] xf]Og . dg'n] hfltsf] ljBdfg lgodx¿nfO{ ;+lxtfa4 dfq u/]sf lyP . /, pgn] o;nfO{ wfld{s Pj+ bfz{lgs cfwf/ k|bfg u/]sf lyP eGg] cDa]8s/sf] ljrf/ lyof] . o;kl5 cDa]8s/n] klZrd]nL ljåfgx¿sf l;4fGtnfO{ ljj]rgf u/] . ljleGg Joj;fonfO{ hfltsf] cfwf/ dfGg] s]xL ljåfgx¿ 5g\ . s;}n] k|frLg slanf ;DaGwL ;+u7gdf ldl>t k|hgg / :yfgfGt/af6 hflt–Joj:yfsf] pb\ej ePsf] eGg] s'/f] dfGb5g\ . cDa]8s/ oL :ki6Ls/0faf6 ;Gt'i6 lyPgg\ . ef/tLo ;dfh cGo ;dfh h:t} ju{df ljeflht ePsf] lyof] eGg] cDa]8s/sf] ljrf/ lyof] . To;df ;fdflhs ;xf/f x'GYof] . /, Oltxf;sf] s'g} sfnv08df k'/f]lxt ju{n] cfkm"nfO{ ;dfhaf6 5'§ofP . /, Pp6f aGb gLlt agfP/ cfkm\gf] 5'§} hflt agfP . Tolta]nf j}Zo / z"b| oL b'j} ju{n] Pp6f l:y/ ¿k lnPsf] lyPg . oL b'j} ju{af6 g} lxhf]cfhsf ljljw hfltx¿ lgdf{0f ePsf lyP . cDa]8s/n] o;/L n]V5g\– …ha;Dd ;dfhsf] d"n 36s ju{ lyof] ta;Dd Pp6f ju{ csf]{ ju{df cfjfudgsf] af6f] v'n]sf] lyof] . sfnfGt/df of] Joj:yf gi6 eof] . /, oL pkljefuaf6 aGb PsfOx¿ ag] h;nfO{ hflt eg]/ gfdfs/0f ul/of] . s] oL PsfOx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] 9f]sf aGb ug]{ / cfkm\gf] ju{df ljjfx ug{sf lglDt afWo ul/of] jf logn] :jo+ cfkm\gf] 9f]sf aGb u/] <Ú o; k|Zgsf] pQ/ cDa]8s/n] bf]xf]¥ofPsf 5g\ . sf]xLn] cfkm\gf] 9f]sf cfkm}F aGb u/] . /, afFsLsf 9f]sf klg aGb u/fOof] . cDa]8s/sf] k|f:yfkgf o:tf] 5– k'/f]lxt ju{ cyf{t\ afx'gx¿n] ;aeGbf klxn] cfkm"nfO{ aGb ;fdflhs PsfO atfP/ cfkm\g} ju{df lax] ug{ nfu] . pgLx¿n] of] k|ls|of ;'? u/] .

Oltxf;sf/ cfg{N8 6foGaLn] o;nfO{ …cg's/0fsf] k|ls|of’ eg] eg] cDa]8s/n] o;}nfO{ …cg's/0fsf] ;+s|d0fÚ eg] . pgsf cg';f/ cGo ju{x¿df lje]bLs/0fsf] clgi6sf/L k|ls|of rNof] . o;n] ubf{ pgLx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ aGb u/] . /, pgLx¿n] c¿sf lglDt cfkm\gf] 9f]sf aGb u/] . of] k|f:yfkgf :jtM :ki6 5 . /, o;sf lglDt s'g} k|df0fsf] cfjZostf kb}{g eGg] egfO cDa]8s/sf]

lyof] . tyflk jfN6/ a]hf6h:tf ljåfgsf] pbfx/0f lb+b} pgn] o; k|ls|ofsf lglDt ;a} cfjZos l:ylt ef/tdf ljBdfg 5g\ eGg] s'/f] u/]sf lyP . oL ljåfgsf cg';f/ cg's/0fsf k|ls|ofsf zt{x¿ o:tf 5g\ M 1= h'g ;d"xsf] cg's/0f ul/G5 To;sf] k|lti7f x'g'kb{5 .

2= ;d"xsf ;b:odf lgTok|lt / cg]s k|sf/sf ;DaGw x'g'kb{5 . oL l:yltx¿ ef/tdf

lyP . o;df s'g} z+sf 5}g . afx'gnfO{ b]ptfem}F cyjf nueu b]ptf g} dfGg] ul/GYof] . p;n] Pp6f nId0f/]vf tof/ ub{Yof] . /, o;}cg'¿k c¿nfO{ arfpg] ub{Yof] . pgLx¿sf] k|lti7faf/] s'g} z+sf g} lyPg . pgLx¿ cfgGb / sNof0fsf ;|f]t dflgGy] . zf:qx¿n] pgLx¿sf] ;fj{sflns k|z+;f u/]/ pgLx¿nfO{ b]jTjLs/0f u/]sf lyP . /, k'/f]lxt eQm ;dfhn] pgLx¿nfO{ cToGt cfb/sf] :yfg lbPsfs lyP . o:tf ju{sf] JolQmTjsf] 5fk Tof] ax';+Vos ;d"xdf kg'{ cjZodefjL lyof] . logLx¿ pgLx¿sf cl3 xft hf]/]/ v8f eO/xGy] . Pp6f syfg';f/ o; ju{nfO{ ;[li6sf] clGtd s[lt dflgG5 . olb o:tf] xf] eg] Tof] cg's/0fLo dfq xf]Og, cg';/0f ug]{ of]Uo klg x'G5 g} . olb p;n] cfkm\gf] ju{df lax] ub{5 eg] s] c¿nfO{ klg o;sf] cg';/0f ug{ lbg' x'Fb}g .

Toltv]/ afn–ljjfx, s7f]/ j}wJo / ;tL k|yf kfng ug]{ s'/f] lyof] . o;sf] cg'kftdf lxGb' ;dfhdf hfltsf] :t/ lgwf{l/t x'G5 eGg] cDa]8s/sf] egfO lyof] . k]zjf sfndf dxf/fi6«sf kf7f/] k|e' ;dfhn] ljwjf ljjfxdf k|ltaGw nufP/ cfkm\gf] hfltsf] :t/ pRr /fVg] sf]lzz u¥of] . To;kl5 k]zjfx¿n] ljwjf k'glj{jfxsf] /Llt sfod ug]{ s'/f]df x:tIf]k u/]sf lyP . pgLx¿n] ;dfh–;'wf/sf b[li6n] of] cfb]z lbPsf lyPgg\ . a? kf7f/] k|d'vx¿sf] :yfg pRr bhf{ gxf];\ eg]/ o:tf] cfb]z lbPsf lyP . sfo:yåf/f o1f]kjLt wf/0f ug]{ / o;/L If]qLnfO{ a/fa/sf] bhf{ k|fKt ug]{ sf]lzznfO{ klg k]zjfx¿n] Joy{ agfpg] k|of; u/] . hflt Joj:yfdf o:tf] s8f Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] eGg] cDa]8s/sf] egfO lyof] . hfltdf cfpg] / hflteGbf aflx/ hfg]df klg k|ltaGw lyof] . Pp6f JolQmsf] hftsf] s'g} cy{ lyPg . hflt zAb xd];f ax'jrg x'GYof] . hfth; lgodnfO{ gdfGg] ;fx;L dflg; klg lyP . o:tfs

hflt–Joj:yfdf ;Lrk ekfuldk lglDt s'g} bofsf] efjgf lyPg . h;nfO{ hfltRo"t ul/GYof] p;n] cfkm\gf] 5'§} hflt agfpg'afx]s csf]{ s'g} pkfo lyPg . hflt ;DaGwL ts{ lgs} s7f]/ lyof] . alx:s[t ePkl5 gofF–gofF ;d"xx¿ lg/Gt/ aGb} uP . o; s|"/ lgodn] ;fdflhs ;d"xnfO{ c;+Vo hfltx¿df kl/jt{g u¥of] . cDa]8s/sf lglDt hfltsf] pb\udaf/] j+z jf gZn cyf{t\ 5fnfsf] /+usf] l;4fGt dfGo lyPg . ef/tLo ;dfh j+z jf gZnsf b[li6n] z'4df lyPg eGg] pgsf] dfGotf lyof] . of] Pp6f ldl>t ;dfh lyof] . s}of}+ gZnx¿sf] ldl>t ;dfh o'/f]ksf ljåfg /+usf] k"jf{u|xaf6 u|:t lyP . ctM pgLx¿n] /+unfO{ gZnl;t hf]8]/ hfltaf/] :ki6 ug]{ k|of; u/] . of] unt s'/f] lyof] eGg] cDa]8s/sf] ljrf/ lyof] . xf], pgL 8f= s]ns/sf] o; dfGotfdf ;xdt lyP . s'g} kl/jf/ jf slanf cfo{–gZnsf x'g\ jf b|lj8–gZnsf o; k|Zgn] ljb]zL cfpg'cl3 ef/tLonfO{ slxNo} klg k/]zfg u/]g . s'g}a]nf z/L/sf] /+usf] dxŸj eP klg nfdf] ;dob]lv To;sf] dxŸj ;dfKt eO;s]sf] 5 .

5fkfdf j}jflxs lj1fkg lbOG5 . o;df /+usf] r]tgf jf k"jf{u|x b]lvG5 . of] klZrdL gSsn xf] . k|frLg lxGb' ;Eotfsf] ;jf]{Qd ;flxlTos cleJolQm sflnbf;df ePsf] 5 . /, pgn] tGjLZofdfnfO{ gf/Lsf] cfbz{ eg]sf 5g\ . o;sf] cfzo Zofd cylg\ sfnL j0f{ ePsL gf/L eGg] s;}sf] ˆo'hg dt 5 . /fd / s[i0f lxGb'sf k"Ho kf}/fl0fs gfosx¿ x'g\ . logLx¿nfO{ klg Zofd j0fL{o g} elgPsf] 5 . o;/L /+usf] l;4fGt cDa]8/sf lglDt u|fXo lyPg . ef/tdf ljleGg j+zx¿sf] ˆo'hg ePg . tyflk ;ld>0f lgs} cl3 al9;s]sf] lyof] . /, o;af6 ljZdosf/L ;f+:s[lts Ps¿ktf oxfF k}bf ePsf] lyof] . oL s'/fnfO{ cDa]8/n] :jLsf/ u/]sf lyP . cDa]8s/n] ljZn]if0f u/]/ lgisif{ lgsfn]sf lyP . of] lgisif{ j+z / gZnsf sf/snfO{ pk]Iff u/]/ lgsflnPsf] lyof] . o;df d'Vo rf/j6f s'/fx¿ lyPM æj+zsf b[li6n] ;a} dflg; ;ª\s/ x'g\ . ;f+:s[lts Pstf pgLx¿sf] Ps¿ktfsf] sf/0f xf] . o; s'/f]nfO{ dfg]/ d}n] ;fx;sf ;fy eGg ;S5' ls ;ª\s/ /rgfsf afah'b ;f+:s[lts Pstfdf s'g} klg b]zn] ef/tsf] t'ngf ug{ ;Sb}g . o;df ef}uf]lns Pstf geP/ of]eGbf w]/} ulx/f] / d"ne"t Pstf xf]– ;f+:s[lts Pstf hf] Pp6f s'gfb]lv csf]{ s'gf;Dd ;f/f b]zdf JofKt 5 . t/

of] ;f+:s[lthGo Ps¿ktfsf] sf/0f g} hflt ;DaGwL ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ cToGt sl7g x'G5 . olb lxGb' ;dfh k/:k/ ln+u–PsfOx¿sf] c+z ePsf] eP of] ;d:of ;lhnf] x'g] lyof] . t/ hflt ;d¿k ;f+:s[lts PsfOsf] ljeQmLs/0fsf] kl/0ffd xf] . /, hfltsf] pb\udsf] :ki6Ls/0fnfO{ o; ljeQmLs/0fsf] k|ls|ofdf vf]Hg ;lsG5 . d]/f] s] egfO 5 eg] ;'?df Pp6f ;d"x lyof] . /, cg's/0f / alx:sf/sf] k|ls|ofaf6 ;d"xn] hfltsf] ¿k lnof] . ;g\ !(!^ df cDa]8s/sf] oxL g} s]Gb|Lo k|f:yfkgf lyof] . kl5 uP/ pgnfO{ nfUof] ls hflth:tf] hl6n k|ZgnfO{ :ki6 ug]{ s'/f]df cg's/0fsf] l;4fGt kof{Kt 5}g . pgn] an, 5n tyf bfz{lgs Pj+ wfld{s k|ltaGwnfO{ klg cfkm\gf] ljZn]if0fdf ;dflji6 u/] . cDa]8s/n] cfkm\gf] o'jf cj:yfdf lgs} af}l4s >d u/] . oxfF o;af/] lj:tf/k"j{s rrf{ ug{ rfxGgF . t/ pgsf] klxnf] n]v pRr sf]6Lsf] n]v lyof] . pgn] c¿ s]xL gn]v]sf] eP klg pgsf] u0fgf /fd|f ljrf/sdf x'g] lyof] . Ps xhf/ jif{b]lv blnt ju{df s'g} klg a'l4hLlj hlGdPg . o; s'/f]df cDa]8s/ b'MvL lyP . of] Ps lsl;dn] blntdfly nflbPsf] cjx]ngfsf] k|tLs lyof] . t/ ca o:t} ;dfhaf6 Pp6f JolQm b]vf k/]sf 5g\ . pgnfO{ Ps lbg pgsf lj/f]wLn] klg lbUuh a'l4hLljsf ¿kdf :jLsf/ ug]{5g\ . hftsf] l;4fGt / o;sf] pGd"ng ;DaGwL ;+3if{sf] csf]{ cj:yf ;g\ !(@&–@* df cfpF5 . 8f= cDa]8s/n] a8f}bf l/of;tsf] gf]s/L 5f]8L ;s]sf lyP . ca pgL blnt ju{sf] pTyfg ug{lt/ s:;] . pgn] o;sf lglDt …alx:s[t lxtsfl/0fL ;ef’ nfO{ ;+ul7t u/] . clg pgn] o;}sf dfWodaf6 ljleGg ultljlwx¿ ;~rfng u/] . x'g\ t of] s'/f] klxn] klg elg;lsPsf] 5 .

8f=cDa]8s/ Pp6f l;4fGtjfbL, sd{lgi7 / ;+3if{zLn JolQm lyP . pgn] gu/kflnsfsf] kf]v/Laf6 kfgL eg]{ ljifonfO{ lnP/ dxf8 -sf]nfaf_ df ;Tofu|x ug]{ lg0f{o u/] . To;kl5 nuQ} Pp6f ljb|f]xL ;}åflGts 3f]if0f—kq hf/L ul/of] . pgsf] nIo NqokNwr x6fpg' dfq xf]Og, a? hflt Joj:yfsf] lj?4 o'4 ;'? ug'{ klg xf] eGg] s'/f] Tof] 3f]if0ff–kqdf pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof] . ;+;f/df ;a} wd{x¿dWo] lxGb' wd{ ;aeGbf pbf/ / ;lxi0f' 5 eGg] bfaL lxGb'x¿sf] lyof] . 8f= cDa]8s/n] o; bfaLnfO{ v08g u/]sf lyP . hflt pGd"ngsf] hf]8bf/ ;dy{g ub}{ pgn] eg]sf lyP M

ælxGb' cfkm\gf] dfgjtfjfbL efjgfsf lglDt k|l;4 5g\ . /, k|f0fL hLjgk|lt pgLx¿sf] cf:yf cb\e"t 5 . s;}n] t ljiffn' ;k{nfO{ klg dfb}{gg\ . lxGb'df ;fw' / alnof—afª\uf levf/Lx¿sf] 7"n} kmf}h 5 . logLx¿nfO{ ef]hg–j:q / n'ufnQf lbP/ tyf ;'v;onsf lglDt bfg u/]/ k'0o sdfOG5 eGg] pgLx¿sf] ;f]rfO 5 . lxGb' bz{gn] ;j{JofkL cfTdfsf] l;4fGt l;sfpF5 . a|fXd0f / r08fndf e]b gu/ eGg] uLtfsf] pkb]z 5 .Æ lxGb'x¿df pbf/tf / dfgjtfjfbsf] olt /fd|f] k/Dk/f 5 . olt g} pQd vfnsf] bz{g klg 5 . t/ pgLx¿n] dg'iolk|lt olt cg'lrt tyf lgb{otfk"0f{ Jojxf/ lsg u5{g\ < of] k|Zg p7\g' :jfefljs} xf] . lxGb' ;dfh hflt Joj:yfsf] s7f]/ r'Nxf]rf}sfsf] lgoddf g/fd|/L afFlwPsf] 5 . o;df Pp6f hft ;fdflhs k|lti7fsf lx;fan] bf];|f]eGbf tn 5 . /, k|To]s hftdf cfkm\gf] :yfgsf] cg'kftdf ljz]ifflwsf/, lgif]w / c;dy{tf 5g\ . o; k|0ffnLn] lglxt :jfy{nfO{ hGdfPsf] 5 . /, of] o; k|0ffnLhGo c;dfgtf agfO /fVg] s'/f]df g} lge{/ 5 . hflt Joj:yfnfO{ sfod} /fvL NqokNwrnfO{ dfq ;dfKt ug'{ kof{Kt x'g]5}g . c;kmntf kfk lyPg . t/ Wo]onfO{ ;fgf] ug'{ kfk lyof] . pgn] eg]– lxGb'sf ljleGg hftx¿df k/:k/ vfglkg dfq xf]Og ls k/:k/ ljjfxnfO{ klg cfd agfpg'kb{5 . dfq NqokNwrdks sn+snfO{ x6fpg'sf] cy{ x'g]5—

nfyrx¿nfO{ cGo z"b|sf] >]0fLdf /fVg' . :d[lt / wd{zf:qdf cGo

z"b|nfO{ klg gLr elgPsf] 5 . cDa]8s/n] of] s'/f] rfxGgy] . ;a} lsl;dsf hflte]b ;dfKt ug]{ pgsf] rfxgf lyof] . j0ff{>d Joj:yf ;dfKt x'g'kb{5 . /, clwsf/, pQ/bfloTj / k|lti7f cfsl:ds hGdsf] ;f6f] of]Uotfdf cfwfl/t x'g'kb{5 . lb;]Da/ @(, !(@& df ;Tofu|xLx¿sf] Pp6f ;ef cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . To; ;efdf 8f=cDa]8s/ / pgsf cg'ofoLx¿n] o; 3f]if0ff—kqsf l;4fGt k|:t't u/]sf lyP . cDa]8s/sf Pshgf a|fXd0f cg'ofoL klg lyP . pgn] ToxL ;efdf …dg':d[lt’ sf cGofok"0f{ c+zx¿ k9]/ ;'gfPsf lyP . To;kl5 ef/tdf …Ps j0f{– ;dfh’ -;dftfd"ns ;dfh_ :yfkgf ug]{ k|:tfj kf; ul/of] . /, ToxL+ …dg':d[lt’ hnfOof] . of] lj/f]wsf] k|tLs lyof] . Rof] lbg ef/tsf] Oltxf;sf] Pp6f :d/0fLo lbg lyof] . hflt Joj:yfsf lj?4 rf/}lt/ rrf{ x'g yfNof] . ;f/f ef/tsf ;gftgL lxGb'x¿df /f]ifsf] nx/ km}lnof] . t/ ljb|f]xL 8f=cDa]8s/ eg] cl8u lyP .

nfxf}/df …hft–kft tf]8s d08n’ eGg] Pp6f ;+:yf lyof] . To; ;+:yfn] Pp6f ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . /, lb;]Da/ !(#% df Tof] ;Dd]ngsf] cWoIftf u|x0f ug{ 8f= cDa]8s/nfO{ lgDTofOPsf] lyof] . of] lgDtf] :jLsf/ ug{ pgL lxlRsrfO/x]sf lyP . hflt Joj:yfsf cfwf/e"t wfld{s l;4fGtnfO{ gtf]8\g] xf] eg] hfltnfO{ tf]8\g ;lsGg eGg] cfkm\gf] k|f:yfkgf pgn] /fVg rfxGy] . of] s'/f] pgn] cfof]hsnfO{ eg]sf lyP . t/ cfof]hssf] O;f/f pgL cfP x'GYof] eGg] dfq lyof] . 8f= cDa]8s/n] cfkm"n] ug]{ efif0fsf] k|f¿k cfof]hssxfF k7fP . of] k|f¿k k9]/ cfof]hsx¿ cflQP . cfkm\gf] efif0faf6 Pp6f ljz]if c+z lgsfNg pgLx¿n] 8f= cDa]8s/nfO{ cg'/f]w u/] . 8f=cDa]8s/ o; s'/f]df ;xdt ePgg\ . ;Dd]ngsf] s'/f] To;} ;]nfof] . kl5 uP/ of] efif0f :dfl/sfsf] ¿kdf 5flkPsf] lyof] . /, ;g\ !($$ ;Dd To;sf tLgj6f ;+:s/0fx¿ lg:s] . To;kl5 of] efif0f s}of}Fk6s k'gd'{lb|t eO;s]sf] 5 . of] efif0f hflt Joj:yfdf n]lvPsf] 8f= cDa]8s/sf] ;aeGbf k|efjzfnL s[lt xf] eGg] d]/f] cfkm\g} ljrf/ 5 . of] lgd{d ts{ / o'lQmdf cfwfl/t 5 . tyflk of] s[lt cfu}–cfuf] ePsf] s[lt xf] . o;sf] t'ngf sfn{ dfS;{ / P+u]N;åf/f lnlvt …sDo'lg:6 / d]gf]km]:6f]’ ;Fu g} ug{ ;lsG5 . xfdL ef/tjf;Lsf lglDt t of] sDo'lg:6 d]gf]km]:6f]eGbf klg a9L k|f;lª\us 5 .

8f= cDa]8s/n] ;fdflhs ;'wf/sf gfpFn] /fhgLlts r]tgfsf k'/fgf k|Zgx¿ cl3 ;f/] . o;af/] ef/tLo jkf’Vª; sfFu|];df b'O6f wf/f b]vfk/] . pgn] ltnssf] pNn]v u/]sf lyP . /, pgsf s]xL sfo{stf{x¿n] ;f] d~r hnfpg] wDsL lbPsf lyP .

8f= cDa]8s/sf cg';f/ ;dfh ;'wf/ ug]{ kf6L{sf] k/fho x'g' Pp6f b'ef{Uok"0f{ s'/f] g} xf], t/ /fhgLlts ;'wf/sf lglDt ;fdflhs ;'wf/sf] dxŸj s] xf] o;af/] cGt;Dd klg 6'+uf] nfu]g . /fhgLlts ;'wf/jfbLsf] lht ;Tosf] lht xf]Og . of] lht lg0ff{os lht klg lyPg . cDa]8s/n] o; efif0fdf hf]8bf/ tl/sfn] cfkm\gf s'/f /fv]sf lyP . ;dfh Joj:yfdf df}lns kl/jt{g ug{sf lglDt ;fdflhs ;'wf/dfq xf]Og, ;fdflhs ØflGtsf] klg cfjZostf kb{5 . s] kl5Nnf b'O{ ztfAbLdf blnt ju{k|lt lxGb' ;dfhsf] Jojxf/df s'g} kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 < of] k|Zg 8f= cDa]8s/n] p7fPsf lyP . pgn] k]zjfsf] zf;g sfndf xl/hgk|lt ul/Psf

Jojxf/ / …6fOD; cfkm Ol08of’ sf] hgj/L $, !(@* sf] c+sdf k|sflzt n]v cg';f/ OGbf}/ lj/f;tdf pgLx¿;+u ul/Psf] Jojxf/sf] t'ngf u/] . pgn] o;nfO{ o;/L eg]sf 5g\ M æk]zjf zf;gsfndf ;j0f{ lxGb' cfpg]–hfg] ;8sdf c:k[Zox¿nfO{ lx8\g lbOFb}gYof] . c:k[Zosf] 5fofF k¥of] eg] ;j0f{ lxGb' e|i6 gxf]pmg\ eg]/ tNnf] hftsf dflg;n] klxrfgsf lglDt gf8L jf 3fF6Ldf sfnf] df]6f] 8f]/L afFWg'kb{Yof] . tfls ;j0f{ lxGb' pgLx¿nfO{ untLn] 5f]P/ e|i6 gxf]pmg\ . k]zjfx¿sf] /fhwfgL k'gfdf tNnf] hftsf dflg;n] sDd/df s"rf] afFw]/ lx8\g' kb{Yof] . tfls h'g ;8sdf pgLx¿ lx+8\y] Tof] ;kmf eO/xf];\ / ;j0f{ lxGb' To;df lx8]/ e|i6 gx'g' k/f];\ . k'gfdf tNnf] hftsf dflg;x¿sf 3fF6Ldf df6f]sf] efF8f] y'Sgsf lglDt em'G8fP/ lgl:sg'kb{Yof] . tfls pgLx¿sf] y'saf6 ckljq hldgdf v'§f /fv]/ ;j0f{ lxGb' ckljq gxf]pmg\ .Æ cDa]8s/n] k|Zg u/] . OGbf}/df s] x'Fb} 5 < ToxfF afx'g, /fhk't / k6]n hfltn] afnfO{ gfpF u/]sf] Pp6f xl/hg hftsf dflg;nfO{ s]xL sfd ug{ k|ltaGw nufP . /, o; hftsf s]xL sfd hjh{:tL pgLx¿dfly nfb\g] sf]lzz ul/of] . pgLx¿ykbZ ;'gsf uxgf, a'§fnkj k]m6f, /+uLg tyf km}G;L af8{/ ePsf] wf]tL nufpg k|ltaGw yxkb,dks fFk;ks . lsgeg] o:tf] u/]df o;sf] cy{ ;j0f{ hfltnfO{ cgfb/ u/]sf] 7xl/g] 5 . afnfO{ hftsf dflg;n] ;j0f{ lxGb' kl/jf/df s;}sf] d[To' ePkl5 o;sf] va/ 6f9f— 6f9f ufpFsf gftfuf]tfdf k'¥ofpg' kb{Yof] . /, pgLx¿n] ;j0f{ lxGb'x¿sf] ljjfxdf s'g} Hofnf glnP/ gfRg]–ufpg] sfd ug'{ kb{Yof] . afnfO{ hftsf cfOdfO{n] s'g} klg uxgf nufpg kfpg] lgod agfOof] . /, pgLx¿n] ;j0f{ lxGb'sf ;'Ts]/L cfOdfO{sf] ;]jf ug'{kg]{ rng rnfOof] . olb pgLx¿n] of] sfd u/]gg\ eg] ufpF 5f]8\g'kg]{ l:ylt x'GYof] . cDa]8s/n] cg';"lrt hfltdfly ul/Psf cTofrf/ ;DaGwL s}of}F 36gfx¿sf] klg rrf{ u/]sf 5g\ . s] cfkm\gf efOx¿;+u o:tf] Jojxf/ ug]{ ;dfhnfO{ ;Eo ;dfh eGg ;lsG5 . s] o:tf ;dfhsf o:tf dflg;nfO{ /fHo ;Qf lbg' hfoh xf] < cDa]8s/n] o:tf k|Zgx¿ t]:of{Psf lyP .

Pp6f b]zn] csf]{ b]zdfly zf;g ug{ of]Uo x'Fb}g eGg] s'/f] ug{ sfFu|];L c3fpFb}gg\ yfSb}gg\ . o:Tff sfFu|];LnfO{ ;f]Wg ;lsG5; s] Pp6f ju{ csf]{ ju{dfly zf;g ug{ of]Uo 5 <

afn–ljjfx lgif]w / ljwjf ljjfxsf] cg'dlth:tf ;fgfltgf ;'wf/ ug'{ kof{Kt x'Fb}g eGg] cDa]8s/sf] egfO lyof] . hflt Joj:yf ;dfKt ug{ cfwf/e"t ;'wf/ cfjZos x'G5 . pgn] sDo'lg:6 cjf8{ -;fDk|bflos cfb]z_ sf tkm{ dflg;sf] Wofg cfslif{t u/]sf lyP . /, of] ;dfh ;'wf/sf] pk]Iff / pgLx¿k|lt b]vfOPsf] pbf;Lgtfsf] kmn xf] HkUus mudks fopkj fFk;ks . ;g\ !(#$ sf] s'/f] xf] . ef/tLo /fli6«o sfFu|];Laf6 Pp6f gofF kf6L{ hlGdof] . of] gofF kf6L{ juL{o zf;g / cfly{s zf]if0f pGd"ng ug{ ;dlk{t lyof] . of] sfFu|]; ;dfhjfbL kf6L{ lyof] . cDa]8s/n] cfkm\gf clwsf+z efif0fdf oL ;dfhjfbLx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]sf lyP .

pgn]

;dfhjfbLx¿nfO{ k|Zg u/] . olb pgLx¿n] cfly{s ;'wf/ ug{ rfxG5g\ eg] s] pgLx¿n] ;dfh ;'wf/nfO{ pk]Iff ug{ ;S5g < sDo'lg;6x¿n] ef/tLo ;dfhsf jf:tljstfdf Oltxf;sf] cfly{s JofVofnfO{ nfu" ug{ rfxG5g\ eGg] cDa]8s/sf] egfO lyof] . dflg; cfly{s k|f0fL xf] eGg] pgLx¿sf] l;4fGt 5 . p;sf] ls|ofsnfk / cfsfª\Iff cfly{s tYox¿af6 ;~rflnt x'G5g\ . /, ;Dklt ;Qfsf] Psdfq ;|f]t xf] . ctM ;fDojfbLdk fufEu cfly{s kl/jt{g{ ;fdflhs kl/jt{geGbf izeq[k gqUNA pgLx¿sf] ljrf/af6 ;fdflhs kl/jt{g cfly{s kl/jt{gsf] kl/0ffd xf] / cfly{s kl/jt{g kl5 g} ;fdflhs kl/jt{g :jtM x'g]5 eGg] fopkj l/kSa jg¡nS vk,dks N .

8f= cDa]8s/n] sDo'lg:6sf] o; Oltxf; b[li6nfO{ r'gf}tL lbPsf lyP . :d/0fLo 5, ;fDojfbL / dfS;{jfbL t o;af/] cem a9L cfu|xL lyP . dfgj cfly{s k|]/0ffaf6 g} sfo{df k|j[t x'G5 / cfly{s zlSt g} ;Qfsf] Psdfq ;|f]t xf] eGg] wf/0ffnfO{ cDa]8s/n] v08g u/] . /fhgLlts ;Qf cfly{s ;Qfaf6 k|efljt x'G5 . JolQmsf] ;fdflhs ju{ klg ;Qfsf] k|efjzfnL ;|f]t xf] . dxfTdf ufGwLsf] olt Jofks k|efjnfO{ s;/L :ki6 ug{ ;lsG5 < ef/tdf s/f]8kltn] ul/a ;fw', ;Gt / hf]uLsf] cf1f kfng lsg u5{g\ < oxfFsf s/f]8f}F ul/a dflg; ;fgfltgf u/uxgf a]r]/ agf/; / dSsf lsg hfG5g\ < o:tf k|Zgx¿ cDa]8s/n] t]:of{Psf lyP . wd{ klg ;Qfsf] ;|f]t xf] eGg] pgsf] ljrf/ lyof] . wfld{s JolQm, k08f / k'hf/Lsf] ;Qf fMfLVªDV dlh:6«]6 ¼izeq[k ftYyk vf/kdkjh½ sf] ;QfeGbf lgs} “kfä”kkyh x'G5 .

;fDojfbL l;4fGt unt wf/0ffdf l6s]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ cDa]8s/n] o;/L cl3 ;f/]sf 5g M æo'/f]kLo ;dfhsf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf ;DklQ g} zlStsf] k|d'v ;|f]t xf] eGg] s'/f]nfO{ ;fDojfbLx¿n] :jLsf/ u/]/ lx+8]sf 5g\ . ef/tdf klg of] s'/f] ;xL xf]nf jf o'/f]kdf clttdf klg o:t} lyof] xf]nf . wd{, ;fdflhs k|lti7f / ;Dklt ;Qfsf ;|f]t /lxcfPsf 5g\ . dflg;n] logsf] k|of]u c¿sf] :jtGqtf l5Gg u/]sf 5g\ . s'g} ]nf Pp6f tTj k|d'v lyof] . /, s'g}a]nf csf]{ tTj k|d'v lyof] . dfq olt km/s xf] . olb :jtGqtf cfbz{ xf], olb :jtGqtfsf] cy{ Pp6f JolQmdfly s'g} cGo JolQmsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;dfKt ug{ xf] eg] cfly{s ;'wf/ g} Nofpg'kb{5 eGg] s'/f] ug{ ;lsb}g . olb s'g}a]nf jf s'g} ;dfhdf zlSt / clwsf/sf] ;|f]t ;fdflhs jf wfld{s xf] eg] ;fdflhs / wfld{s ;'wf/sf clgjfo{tf :jLsf/ ul//lxg'kg]{ 5 . cfwf/e"t cfly{s kl/jt{g jf egf}+ ;Dklt ;DaGwL kl/jt{g ug{sf lglDt ;fDojfbLx¿nfO{ ;Qf sAhf ug'{kb{5 . t/ cfd hgtfsf] ;dy{glagf pgLx¿n] ;Qf s;/L sAhf ug{ ;S5g\ . o;af/] cDa]8s/sf] egfO o:tf] 5– ;j{xf/f ju{n] ;fdfGotM blnt ju{n] ;dfhjfbL ;dtf, aGw'Tj / Gofosf] efjgfn] k|]l/t s'/f]df ljZjf; ePkl5 g} of] sfd ug]{5g\ . ØflGtkl5 pgLx¿l;t ;dfgtfsf] Jojxf/ / hfltlagf g} pgLx¿nfO{ e]befj gul/g] s'/f]sf] ljZjf; gxf]pGh]n dflg; ;Dkltsf] ;dfg ljt/0f ug]{ ØflGtdf nfUg] 5}gg\ eGg] cDa]8s/sf] ljrf/ lyof] . æØflGtsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ ;fDojfbLn] hftkft dfGb}gf}F eGg] cfZjf;g lbPs} 5g\ . t/ oltdfq kof{Kt x'Fb}g . of] cfZjf;g ulx/f] cf:yfaf6 cfpg'kb{5 . JolQmut ;dfgtf / aGw'Tjsf] b[li6sf]0f ;a} b]zeQmx¿n] Ps csf]{k|lt ckgfpg'kb{5 .Æ 8f= cDa]8s/n] ;dfhdf JofKt 7"nf]–;fgf], kljq–ckljqsf k"jf{u|x;Fu n8\g'kg]{ s'/f] sDo'lg:6x¿nfO{ cfu|x u/] . pgLx¿n] ;dfh ;'wf/ssf ;d:of cfwf/e"t ;d:ofx¿ x'g eGg] s'/f] :jLsf/ ug'{kb{5 . o;af6 5'6sf/f kfpg ;lsb}g . olb clxn] o;nfO{ :jLsf/ ul/b}g eg] ØflGtkl5 o;nfO{ :jLsf/ ug'{ g} kg]{5 . s'g} klg lbzf hfp, hfltjfb¿kL /fIf;l;t ltdLnfO{

h'w\g'kg]{ 5 . ha;Dd o; /fIf;nfO{ dfb}{gf}F ta;Dd ltdLn] cfly{s jf /fhgLlts kl/jt{g Nofpg ;Sb}gf}F . hflt tTjsf] ;"Id ljZn]if0f ub}{ 8f= cDa]8s/n] eg] ls of] g t >d ljefhgdf cfwfl/t 5, g t k|fs[lts Ifdtfdf . hfltn] JolQmsf lglDt klxn] g} sfd lgwf{/0f ub{5 . pgLx¿sf] k|lzlIft / df}lns Ifdtfsf cfwf/df geP/ vf;df eGg'kbf{ hGd / cfdfafa'sf] ;fdflhs j0f{sf cfwf/df sfd lgwf{/0f ul/G5 . hflt–Joj:yf vt/gfs l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t 5 . o;af6 dflg;n] dfgl;s s'07f cg'ej ub{5 . o;} Joj:yfsf sf/0f abln+bf] kl/l:yltcg';f/ Joj;fo / sfd–wGwf kl/jt{g ug{ c;Dej x'G5 . /, o;af6 a]/f]huf/Lsf] ;d:of rls{G5 . o;sf ;fy} of] lgoltåf/f to ePsf] xf] / o;df kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsGg eGg] ljZjf; dflg;df pTkGg x'G5 . lxGb' ;dfhdf rf/ j0f{sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . h:t} a|fXd0f, If]qL, j}Zo / z"b| . logLx¿n] wd{ / st{Jo cg';f/ sfd ug'{ kb{5 . /, logsf cf–cfkm\gf a]Unf–a]Un} sfdx¿ 5g\ . / hflt k|yfn] ef/tsf] clwsf+z dflg;nfO{ :yfoL ¿kn] ckf+u agfPsf] 5 eGg] ts{ 8f= cDa]8s/sf] lyof] . æ;+;f/sf c¿ b]zdf ØflGt ePsf 5g\ . ef/tdf o; lsl;dsf] ØflGt lsg ePg eGg] k|Zgn] dnfO{ ;w}+el/ lk/f]ln/xG5 . d;+u o;sf] Pp6} pQ/ 5 .Æ pkj o.kZdk sf/0f lxGb' ;dfhsf tNnf hftx¿ s'g} klg k|ToIf sf/afxL ug{ lans'n} czQm eO;s]sf 5g\ . logn] xftxltof/ gp7fpFbf;Dd s'g} ljb|f]x ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . pgLx¿nfO{ lzIffaf6 jl~rt ul/Psf] 5 . muhgk:ykbZ pRr ;+:s[ltaf6 lesr jl~rt ul/Psf] gqUN . pgLx¿nfO{ 1fgsf] gofF k|sfzdf efu lng lbOPg / bf; agfP/ /flvof] . hflt–k|yfsf 3fts k|efj kg]{ u5{g\ . o;}sf sf/0f ef/t cFWof/f], k/fho / cwf]ultsf] l;sf/ x'g'k¥of] . Oltxf; o;sf] ;fIfL 5 . xfdLsxfF :jtGqtf, dxfgtf / uf}/jsf] Pp6f ;do lyof] . Toltv]/sf] ;do df}o{ ;fd|fHosf] ;do lyof] . Tof]a]nf rft'j{0o{sf] aGwg lzlyn lyof] . o;af6 ;fFRrf] s'/f a'lemG5 .

lxGb' ;dfhsf] hLjg Ifdtfaf/] oy]i6 s'/f ul/Ps} 5 . t/ cDa]8s/sf lglDt dfq lhpFbf] /xg] tl/sf Hofbf dxŸjk"0f{ 5 . lxGb'x¿sf] cl:tTjsf] syf nuftf/ k/fhosf] syf xf] eGg] cDa]8s/sf] ljrf/ lyof] . k5fl8 kms{g', cfTd;dk{0f ug'{ / bf;sf] hLjg latfP/ afFRg' klg lhpFbf] x'g] Pp6f tl/sf xf] . o;/L afFRg'df s'g} ;'v x'Fb}g eGg] egfO cDa]8s/sf] lyof] .

PskN6 8f= cDa]8s/n] km]l/ Pp6f k|Zg cl3 ;f/] . /, To; k|Zgsf] pQ/ pgn] :jo+ lbPsf lyP . Tof] k|Zg xf]– xfd|f] b]zn] k6s–k6s cfkm\gf] :jfwLgtf lsg u'dfpg'k¥of]===< xfdL oltsf k6s ljb]zLx¿sf] cwLgdf lsg k¥of}+ < pgn] cfkm}F o;sf] pQ/ lbPsf 5g\ . pgn] o; s'/f]nfO{ o;/L cl3 ;f5{g\ . xfd|f] b]z cfØd0fsf lj?4 pFleg ;s]g . ;dfhsf] ;fgf] ju{n] xd];f o;sf] ;fdgf u¥of] . /, ha Tof] k/flht eof] Tolta]nf ;f/f b]z ljh]tfsf] kfpdf lgx'l/of] . of] ;a x'g'sf] k|d'v sf/0f lxGb'sf] hflt–k|yfsf] sf/0f lyof] . o'4sf af/] o'/f]ksf] pbfx/0f lbb} cDa]8s/n] eg] ls ToxfFsf ;]gf o'4df dg]{a]nf pgsf] vfnL ePsf] 7fpF eg{ t'?Gt gofF ;]gf cfOxfNy] . ToxfF ;Dk"0f{ b]z n8\g] ub{Yof] . ;dfhsf] Pp6f ;d'bfo dfq n8\b}gYof] . ef/tdf If]qLn] xf/] eg] To;sf] 7fpFdf n8\g csf]{ cfpFb}gYof] . ;fj{hlgs ;}lgs etL{ ug]{ rng lyPg . lsgeg] xfdLsxfF rft'j{0o{sf] 3[l0ft Joj:yf / o; Joj:yf cg';f/ o'4df n8\g] If]qL dfq} lyP . o;n} ubf{ xfd|f] b]z k6s–k6s u'nfd ePsf] lyof] . of] ;fFRrf] s'/fs xf] . olb xfdLsxfF z:q wf/0f ug]{ clwsf/af6 jl~rt gul/Psf] eP o; b]zn] slxNo} klg cfkm\gf] :jtGqtf u'dfpg] lyPg . /, s'g} klg cfs|d0fsf/L o;df ljho k|fKt ug{ ;kmn x'g] lyPg . hflt k|yfsf] n8fOFdf rf/}lt/af6 k|xf/ ug'{kg]{ 5 . hflt OF6sf] kvf{nh:tf] s'g} ef}lts j:t' xf]Og . of] Pp6f ljrf/ xf], Pp6f dgl:ylt xf] . o; dgl:yltsf] h/f] zf:qx¿sf] kljqtfdf 5 . k|To]s g/gf/LnfO{ zf:qsf] aGwgaf6 d'Qm ug'{kb{5 . To;sf] kljqtfnfO{ gi6 ug'{kb{5 . To;kl5 g} hftkftsf] e]befj aGb x'g]5 . jf:tljs pkfox¿ log} x'g\ . o;sf] ;xL pkfo cGthf{tLo ljjfx xf] eGg] 8f= cDa]8s/sf] ljZjf; lyof] . ha hfltsf] wfld{s cfwf/ ;dfKt x'g]5 ta o;sf lglDt af6f] v'Ng]5 . /utsf] ld>0faf6 ckgTjsf] efjgf k}bf x'g]5 . /, ha;Dd of] ckgTjsf] / aw'Tjsf] efjgf k}bf x'Fb}g ta;Dd hflt–k|yfåf/f k}bf ul/Psf] e]befjsf] efjgf ;dfKt x'Fb}g .

8f=cDa]8s/ hflt pGd"ngsf] af6f]df cfOkg]{ lj£gafwf;+u /fd|/L kl/lrt lyP . hftx¿sf] Pp6f clhj :t/Ls/0f ePsf] 5 eGg] egfO pgsf] lyof] . hftx¿sf] >]0fLs/0fdf ;Ddfgsf] cf/f]xL Ød gqU5 . ;f/f ;dfh / p;sf] jftfj/0f of] b'i6 afx'gjfbsf] cfbz{n] b'lift eO;s]sf] 5 . ctM hflt k|yfsf lj?4 lxGb'x¿sf] cfd ;xof]u k|fKt ug'{ lgtfGt sl7g 5 . cDa]8s/dfly lxGb' wd{ gi6 ug{] cf/f]k nufOG5 . /, o; cf/f]ksf] pQ/df 8f= cDa]8s/sf] egfO o:tf] 5– j]b / zf:qdf lxGb' wd{ k|ltkfbg ePsf] 5 . of] Joy{sf] aln– ljwfg / ;fdflhs /fhgLlts lgodsf] hfn xf] . o; lsl;dsf] wd{nfO{ gi6 g} ug'{kb{5 . of] s'/f] cl3 ;fbf{ pgL clnslt klg lxlRsrfPgg\ . of] wd{ g} xf]Og . lxGb' wd{nfO{ arfpg rfxg'x'G5 eg] afx'gjfbnfO{ ;dfKt ug'{kb{5 eGg] 8f= cDa]8s/sf] egfO lyof] . ;fdflhs Fkkrhdk lx;fan] pkof]uL ePsf s'/fnfO{ lxGb'x¿n] ;Dxfn]/ /fVg'kb{5 . /, Tof] cfpg] oL k':tfnfO{ b]pm / afFsLnfO{ gi6 u/ . pklgifbdf ePsf :jtGqtf, ;dfgtf / eft[Tjsf] efjgfcg'¿k ePsf l;4fGt u|x0f ubf{ pgnfO{ s'g} cfklQ lyPg . t/ lxGb' ;dfhdf k"0f{ kl/jt{g x'g'kb{5 . o;sf] cy{ xf]– hLjgsf cfwf/e"t b[li6sf]0fdf k"0f{ kl/jt{g / hLjg d"Nodf cfd"n kl/jt{g . of] efif0f ;g\ !(#^ df k|sflzt eof] . of] ;dfh ;'wf/s / vf; u/L ;dfhjfbLnfO{ ;Daf]lwt ul/Psf] lyof] . sfFu|];L ;dfhjfbL tyf ;fDojfbLn] ju{–;+3if{ / ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL pT;fxdf cDa]8s/sf] ;fdflhs 3f]if0ff—kqnfO{ pk]Iff u/] . d]/f] ljrf/df of] a8f] b'ef{Uosf] s'/f] xf] . Toltv]/ ;dfhjfbLx¿sf] lbdfu v'n]sf] lyPg . lhGgf h:t} cDa]8s/k|lt klg pgLx¿sf dgdf k"jf{u|x lyof] . d'l:nd g]tf h:t} 8f=cDa]8s/ klg v³~xzstl¡x ;fF7ufF7 u/]/ /fli6«o zlQmnfO{ sdhf]/ agfO/x]sf 5g\ eGg] pgLx¿sf] ;f]rfO lyof] . d ;g\ !(#& df sfFu|];L ;dfhjfbL kf6L{sf] ;b:o ag]F . d}n] cDa]8s/sf] hflt ljifos ljrf/nfO{ ;dfhjfbL g]tfx¿n] ax; u/]sf] slxNo} ;'g]gF . Oltxf; / dfS;{sf] ef}lts JofVofn] gzf>Sa sfd u/]sf] lyof] . /, o;afx]s :jtGqtfsf] k|an OR5fn] pgLx¿ afFlwPsf lyP . ;dfhjfbLx¿n] o:tf s'/ftkm{ s'g} Wofg lbPgg\ .

;g\ !(#&–$) lt/sf] s'/f] xf] . Toltv]/ g} jl/i7 ;dfhjfbL g]tfx¿l;t xfdLh:tf t?0fx¿sf] kl/ro eof] . o;df vf; u/L hok|sfz gf/fo0f, o';'km d]x/ cnL, cRo't aw{g, dLg' d;fgL, cfrfo{ g/]Gb|b]j, /fddgf]x/ nf]lxof cflb lyP . oLdWo] /fddgf]x/ nf]lxofn]] dfq ;fdflhs ;d:ofk|lt ?lr b]vfPsf lyP . t/ To;a]nf pgL kl08t tokgj nfn g]x¿sf] hfb'n] df]lxt lyP . /, pgn] :jtGq eP/ sfd ug]{ df}sf kfPsf lyPgg\ . hgtfdfem sfd u/]/ d}n] jf:tljs cg'ej a6'n]F . vf; u/L ;dfhdf ;fdflhs c;dfgtf / cTofrf/ ePsf] s'/f] klg yfxf kfPF . o;sf cltl/Qm dxf/fi6«df ;dfh–;'wf/ cfGbf]ngsf] Pp6f zlStzfnL k/Dk/f lyof] . /, Tof] k/Dk/f dxfTdf km'n], ;To zf]ws / u}/– a|fXd0f cfGbf]ng cflbsf ¿kdf lyof] . gu/kflnsf / sk8f dhb'/sf] bogLo tyf ;f]rgLo l:ylt lyof] . d}n] sf;f/ ;fO{ / cGo ;'b"/ ufpFsf] k}bn ofqf u/]/ of] ;d:of a'em]F . o; ;d:ofn] dnfO{ /ftlbg ;tfpg yfNof] . s'g} If]qdf sfd ubf{ tNnf] hftsf sfo{stf{;+u ljrf/ ljdz{ eO/xGYof] . sk8f ldnsf a'gfO{ ljefudf logLx¿nfO{ sfd ug{ lbOGgYof] . o;n] dnfO{ lgs} cf3ft kf¥of] . oxL+af6 d]]/f] /fhgLlts / ;fdflhs lzIff ;'? ePsf] lyof] . t/ o; :jo+ lzIffnfO{ k"/f ug'{ lyof] . o;sf lglDt d}n] dfS;{jfbL 1fgnfO{ s]xL dfqfdf lal;{g'k¥of] . ltgtfsf ;dfhjfbL / jfdkGyL a'l4hLljx¿ dfS;{jfblt/ cfslif{t lyP . o;}n] pgLx¿n] dxfTdf ufGwLsf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / clx+;fTds kl/jt{gsf] bz{g a'em\g ;s]gg\ . o:t} xhf/ jif{b]lv rln/x]sf] hflt k|yf lj?4sf] cfGbf]ngdf h;sf] k|tLs ufGwL o'udf 8f=cDa]8s/ lyP pgnfO{ klg a'em\g ;s]gg\ . dxfTdf ufGwL 5'jf5"tsf] ljs6 ;d:ofk|lt hfu¿s lyP . /, pgn] hflt ;DaGwL ;d:ofl;t n8\g] sf]lzz ub}{ lyP . pgsf] JolQmTjsf] ljsf;zLn cfofdsf] oxL g} k|efj lyof] ls cfkm\gf] clGtd lbgdf pgL olt cl3 al9;s]sf lyP ls pgL / 8f= cDa]8s/sf ljrf/df km/s lyPg . ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf hLjgsf] vf; cj:yfdf ¿l9jfblt/ em'Sg] ub{5g\ .

Toltv]/ ufGwLhL ØflGtsfl/tftkm{ em's]sf lyP . /, pgL hflt k|yfsf] h/f]nfO{ pv]Ng]lt/ pGd"v lyP . ufGwLhLsf] bfFhf]df ;dfhjfbLg: ;dfh ;'wf/ ug]{ ljifodf ;+j]bgzLn lyPgg\ . j:t'tM ;dfhjfbL ;dfh ;'wf/nfO{ 5'§} ;d:of dfGb}gy] . of] ;d:of cfly{s ;d:ofsf] Pp6f efu xf] eGg] pgLx¿sf] dfGotf lyof] . ;dfhjfbL ØflGt eof] eg] of] ;d:of cfk;] cfk ;dfwfg x'g]5 eGg] klg pgLx¿sf] ljrf/ lyof] . dfS;{n] klZrdL o'/f]ksf] k'FhLjfb ;DaGwL P]ltxfl;s k|j[lQsf]

ljZn]if0f u/]sf lyP . oxfFsf sDo'lg:6 a'l4hLljx¿n] o; ljZn]if0fnfO{ Ho"sfTo"F ckgfP . o;sf cltl/Qm pgLx¿n] ju{ l;4fGtnfO{ klg dfg] . oBlk of] dfS;{sf] vf]h lyPg . dfS;{n] o;nfO{ cfkm" cl3sf ljrf/sx¿af6 lnPsf lyP . of] ju{ ;+3if{sf] l;4fGt oxfFsf] ;dfhdf nfu" x'g ;Sb}g eGg] s'/f] oxfFsf sDo'lg:6 a'l4hLljx¿n] a'em\g'kg]{ lyof] . gkezks lekt c;fwf/0f ¿kn] hGddf cfwfl/t hfltdf afFl8Psf] lekt gksA ;dfhjfbL / c¿ sDo'lg:6 a'l4hLljx¿n] cfkm\gf] ;fdflhs ;d:ofsf] o; ljlzi6tfnfO{ a'em]gg\ . of] pgLx¿sf] sfo{sf] C0ffTds kIf xf] . sfFu|];L ;dfhjfbL kf6L{sf] Pp6f d"nb[li6 lyof] . Tof] b[li6 ;g\ !(%) ;Dd km]l/Pg . o;sf lglDt Pp6f pbfx/0f g} sfkmL 5 . ;dfhjfbLn] ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 cnu x'g] km};nf u/]sf lyP . t/ of] km};nf x'g' cl3 g} bfdf]b/ :j¿k ;]7 ;+ljwfg ;efsf lglDt 5flgP . pgn] /fhLgfdf lbP Tof] 7fpF l/St x'g] lyof] . o:tf] x'g lbg] g]x¿sf] rfxgf lyPg . ;]7n] ax;df ;lØo efu lnb}gy] . pgn] cg'R5]b !^ sf] v08 $ sf] lj/f]w u/] . o;df ;dfhsf k5f}6] ju{nfO{ ;/sf/L gf]s/Ldf cf/If0f lbg] s'/f] lyof] . ;/sf/L gf]s/Ldf of]Uotf / u'0fjQfsf] cfwf/df lgo'lQm x'g'kb{5 eGg] pgsf] ljrf/ lyof] . vkj{k.k fnb;ks Hkus hfltjfb / kIfkftnfO{ a9fjf x'g]5 eGg] pgnfO{ 8/ lyof] . pgn] c;n zf;g / sfo{s'zntfdk fufEu vkj{k.k Bhd gksbu HkUusa mudks fopkj fFk;ksA ;LrS wd{ lg/k]If /fHodf cf/If0fsf] l;4fGt ykxw xuZ gq¡nSu HkUus ifu mudks Hkukb fFk;ksA

cDa]8s/ / ufGwL ;g\ !(!(–@) lt/sf] s'/f] xf] . ltgtfsf ufGwLsf] gfd v'a} rn]sf] lyof] . pgsf cl3lNt/ sf]xL / s'g} klg l6Sg ;Sb}gy] . of] Pp6f cfFwL–a]x/L h:t} lyof] . :yflkt ljrf/, Jojxf/, u'6f g]tf ;asf ;a stf x/fP stf Û lgs} yf]/} o; cfFwLdf 8l6/x] . ufGwLjfbaf6 k|efljt gePsf yf]/} dflg; lyP . logLdWo] cDa]8s/ / lhGgfsf] gf'd lng ;lsG5 . ltns / pgLx¿h:tf cg]sf}F g]tf ef/tsf ljleGg k|fGtx¿df b]vf k/] . To;kl5 ef/tLo sfFu|];Ldf /fhgLlts ;'wf/df hf]8 lbg] kIf alnof] eof] . oBlk ljlkg rGb| kfn, nfnf nfhkt /foh:tf ;dsIf u/d bnsf g]tfx¿ lyP . pgLx¿ ;fdflhs b[li6n] klg k|ultzLn lyP . ;g\ !*(% b]lv ;fdflhs ;'wf/sf] k|jfx 5'§} wf/fn] aUg nfUof] . t/ ufGwL cfPkl5 b'j} k|jfx Ps eP . ufGwLhLsf] k|]/0ffn] sfFu|];Ln] ;fdflhs ;'wf/sf k|:tfjx¿ kf; ug{ yfNof] . /, 5'jf5"tsf] lg/fs/0f tyf a|fXd0f–u}/a|fXd0f ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ s'/f]df sfFu|];Lsf] k|fylds ljifo x'g yfNof] . ;g\ !(@# df cDa]8s/n] cfkm\gf] lzIff k"/f u/] . pgn] cd]l/sfsf] sf]nlDaof ljZjljBfno / nG8gdf lzIff k|fKt u/] . pgn] n08gaf6 a}l/:6/L -sfg'g;DaGwL lzIff_ k/LIff klg kf; u/] . Pp6f hd{g ljZjljBfnodf klg pgn] s]xL ;do latfP . cDa]8s/n] klZrdL ljZjsf tLgj6f cu|0fL b]zsf ;jfsZQd ljrf/ a'em\g] df}sf kfPsf lyP . cDa]8s/n] cfkm\gf] hLjgdf s6' cg'ej u/] . o;}n] pgsf] dgdf lxGb' ;dfhk|lt 3[0ff lyof] . k|frLg sfnb]lv g} u'nfdL / lxGb'wd{sf] c+s'zn] blntju{ s'l07t lyP . o; ju{n] u'nfdLnfO{ g} cfkm\gf] efUo 7fGYof] . 8f=cDa]8s/ cToGQ ;+j]bgzLn JolQm lyP . pgL k|ltefzfnL klg lyP . oL xq.k t pgdf lyP g} . o;sf cltl/Qm pgdf pTs[i6 sf]l6sf] z}lIfs

cg'zf;g klg lyof] . pgn] klZrdL ljZjdf :jtGq / ;dfgtfsf] jftfj/0f b]v] . ToxfF pgn] JolQmsf ¿kdf ;Ddfgk"0f{ Jojxf/ kfPsf lyP . cd]l/sfdf /+ue]b lyof] . t/ ToxfF klg ;a} dg'io ;dfg 5g\ eGg] cfbz{ lyof] . /, cZj]t -sfnf] 5fnf ePsf dflg; jf g]u|f]_ dflg; oxL cfbz{af6 k|]l/t eP/ ;dfg clwsf/sf lglDt n8\b} lyP . pgn] ;g\ !(!^ df n]v]sf] n]v jf:tjdf hflt Joj:yfsf] lj?4 o'4sf] 3f]if0ff–kq lyof] . hflt k|yf hGddf cfwfl/t lyof] . o;sf s}of}F v/faLx¿ lyP . pgsf] cufl8sf] cWoog cltl/St xltof/sf] ¿kdf lyof] . afx'gjfbsf] bf;tfaf6 blnt hfltsf] d'lQm :jo+ blnts} k|of;af6 x'g]5 eGg] cDa]8s/sf] k"0f{ ljZjf; lyof] . ;j0f{sf] pbf/tfdf e/f];f ug'{ pgsf lglDt :jLsfo{ lyPg . blntn] cfkm\gf] d'lQm cfkm}F clh{t ug'{kg]{ 5 . ;j0f{df ufGwL ;aeGbf zlQmzfnL ;'wf/s lyP . o;df z+s} 5}g . pgsf ljrf/ / Jojxf/ cfkm\g} vfnsf lyP . dfgjk|lt dfgjsf] 3f]/ cGofo lyof] . dxfTdf ufGwLsf ljrf/ / Jojxf/åf/f o; 3f]/ cGofosf lj/f]wL efjgf lxGb'sf] dgdf hfu[t ug]{ 7"\nf] sfd ul/of] . k|ToIftM ufGwLhL / cDa]8s/df w]/}h;f] s'/f ;dfg lyP . b'j}n] blnt hfltsf] ;]jf ug{ rfxGy] . pgLx¿sf] l:ytL ;'wfg]{ oL b'j}sf] rfxgf lyof] . o;f] xf] / Pp6} nIo xf] eg] k/:k/ ldn]/ sfd ug{ lsg ;s]gg\ < pgLx¿ ¿l9jfb ;fdflhs cGofosf] lj?4 Ps ;fy ldn]/ n8\g lsg ;s]gg\ < o:tf k|Zgsf] pQ/ klg vf]Hg' h?/L 5 . oL k|Zgsf] pQ/ pgsf] :jefjut leGgtf jf pgsf dfgl;s l:yltsf] leGgtfdf vf]Hg ;lsb}g . oL leGgtfn] oL b'j}aLr b"/L dfq a9fpg] sfd u/] . pgLx¿sf] JolQmTjsfs ljifdtf ;+3if{sf] d"n sf/0f lyPg . hGd / kfngkf]if0fsf kl/l:yltx¿ leGgtfsf d'Vo sf/0f lyP . o;sf ;fy} pgLx¿sf] b[li6sf]0f klg lgSs} km/s lyof] . ljrf/sf b[li6n] b'j}aLr cfsfz& tfeudks km/s lyof] . cDa]8s/n] vf; u/L o'/f]k / cd]l/sfaf6 k|]/0ff k|fKt u/]sf lyP . o;sf ;fy} ToxfFsf] OxjfbL ;Eotfn] pgsf] dg lhlt;s]sf] lyof] . klZrdL nf]stflGqs ljrf/sf] ljsf; ;dtfd"ns ljrf/sf] ;kmntfsf] g} ¿k lyof] . ToxfFsf] nf]stflGqs cfbz{sf] ;f/nfO{ oxfF o;/L kl:sg ;lsG5– k|To]s JolQmsf] k|lti7f / To;sf] dxŸjdf cf:yf x'g' . lxGb'x¿sf] bfz{lgs

ljrf/df pklgifbdf cGtf1f{g / ;âbosf] sNkgf ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf afah'b o;n] nf]stflGqs cfbz{nfO{ lgif]w ub{5 . ef/tLo d"nsf ;a} wd{vUrxZr cfkm\gS ;a} e]bx¿ Nu~ A rj rh /keZ k'gh{Gd / sd{sf] l;4fGtnfO{ ljZjf; ub{5g\ . lxGb'sf cg';f/ jt{dfg hLjg cg]sfg]s hLjgsf z[ª\vnfx¿sf] Pp6f s8L xf] . /, of] hGd k'gh{Gdsf] cGtxLg z[ª\vnfdf Pp6f kf}jf xf] . o;df Ps lsl;dsf] hf]8– 36fpsf] vftf x'G5 . /, cfkm\gf] jt{dfg hLjgdf JolQmnfO{ cfkm\gf] k"j{ hGddf ul/Psf] sd{sf] kmn ef]Ug'kb{5 . zf:qsf cg';f/ olb p;n] o; hLjgdf /fd|f] sfd ub{5 eg] o;sf] kmn o; hLjgdf gkfP/ csf]{ hLjgdf k|fKt ug]{5 . olb o; hLjgdf p;n] k|lti7f kfPsf] 5 eg] o;sf] sf/0f kl5Nnf] hLjgdf ul/Psf /fd|f sfd x'g g ls o; hLjgdf ul/Psf /fd|f sfd . jf:tjdf p;n] o; hLjgdf s]xL ub{5 jf ub{}g o;af6 o; hGddf p;sf] l:yltnfO{ s'g} km/s kb}{g . o; hGddf u/]sf] /fd|f] sfdsf] kmn p;n] cl3Nnf] hGddf kfpg]5 .

Oxnf]sjfb / k/nf]sjfbsf] bz{gdf sdL–sdhf]/Lx¿ 5g\ . lognfO{ ;dfwfg ug}{ ;lsGg jf egf}F of] c;Dej s'/f] xf] . Oxnf]sjfb h;sf] d/0ff]k/fGt hLjg;Fu s'g} ;/f]sf/ x'Fb}g . oxL g} wd{ lg/k]Ifsf] ;xL cy{ xf] . jf:tjdf To;n] d[Tokl5 hLjg x'G5 eGg] s'/f] g} dfGb}g . p;n] JolQmsf] Pp6} hLjg x'G5 eGg] l;4fGtnfO{ :jLsf/ ub{5 . ctM o; wtL{df ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts / cfly{s Joj:yfnfO{ klg k"0f{ agfpg'kb{5 ls k|To]s JolQm h;sf] Pp6f hLjgdf g} cfkm\gf ;Dk"0f{ Ifdtfsf] pkof]u ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . k'gh{Gddf ljZjf; ug]{ JolQmnfO{ hflt k|0ffnL ;DaGwL cg'zf;g dfGg tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 . tNnf] hfltdfly ;dfhn] ug]{ cTofrf/nfO{ klg o;}sf cfwf/df plrt 7x¥ofpg ;lsG5 . of] eg]/ ls of] p;sf] kl5Nnf] hGdsf] kmn xf] . ;j0f{ lxGb'x¿sf] cGt/f{TdfnfO{ hfu[t ug'{sf] ;f6f] tNnf] hftsf si6n] p;df 3f]/ pbf;Lgtf k}bf ub{5 . lsgeg] wd{ / bz{gn] of] cTofrf/ / ckdfg ;dfKt ug]{ cfjZostf / ;DefJotfnfO{ :jLsf/ ub}{g . o;}n] ;j0f{ lxGb' cGt/f{Tdfsf] kL8fnfO{ la;]{/ cfkm\gf] hGdhft ljz]if clwsf/nfO{ cf/fdn] pkof]u ug{ ;S5g\ .

8f= cDa]8s/sf lglDt o:Tff] bz{g / wfld{s b[li6 :jLsfo{ lyPg . o;sf cl3 pgL slxNo} em's]gg\ . /, pgn] o;df cfkm\"nfO{ c;xfo ePsf] klg dx;'; u/]gg\ . o;sf] pN6f] pgn] cGofosf] lj?4 n8]/ ;fdflhs Joj:yf kl/jt{g ug]{ b[9 ;+sNk u/] . pgsf lglDt blnt ju{sf]

l:ylt ;'wfg]{ k|Zg hflt–k|yfsf] pGd"ngsf ;fy hf]l8Psf] lyof] . o; k|Zgdf pgL s;}l;t ;Demf}tf ug{ tof/ lyPgg\ . o;sf ;fy} jt{dfg hflt–k|0ffnL / j]bsf rft'j{0o{ -rf/ j0f{– a|fXd0f, If]qL, j}Zo / z"b|_ cfbz{df g}lts e]b ug{ klg pgL tof/ lyPgg\ . pgsf nflu hflt– k|yf hGddf cfwl/t rft'j{0o{sf clgjfo{ / tfls{s kl/0flt lyP . ctM pgL cfo{ ;dfhLx¿l;t klg ;xdt lyPgg\ . x'g t pgLx¿n] hftsf k|rlnt ¿knfO{ lgGbf ub{y] . t/ j0f{ k|0ffnLnfO{ k|z+;f ub{y] . ;'?df ufGwLhL klg rft'j{0o{ k|0ffnLsf ;dy{s lyP . 8f=cDa]8s/ / ufGwLhLaLr cGt;Dd ;+3if{ eO/Xof] . o;sf] d"n sf/0f eg] oxL lyof] . of] ;+3if{ nueu @% jif{;Dd rln/Xof] . /, jif}{lkR5] of] s6'tf emg\kl5 emg\ a9\b} uof] . b'j}n] Ps–b'O{kN6 of] s6'tf ;dfKt ug]{ df}sf gkfPsf klg xf]Ogg\ . o:tf] nfUbYof], ca of] ;+3if{ ;dfKt x'g]5 / b'j} ldn]/ Ps;fy sfd ug]{5g\ . t/ b'j}sf b[li6sf]0f km/s lyP . o;}n] of] cfzf klg o;} d/]/ uof] . /, of] lg/fw/ g} ;flat eof] . ufGwLhL sfl7ofaf9sf] j}i0fj h}g jftfj/0fdf kfng–kf]if0f eO{ x's]{sf lyP . pgsf] dfgl;s l:ylt agfpg pgsL cfdfsf] 7"nf] of]ubfg lyof] . ufGwLhLnfO{ cfˆgL cfdfdf uxg cf:Yff lyof] . /, pgLåf/f j|t– j}sNksf lgod s7f]/tfk"j{s kfngf ul/GYof] . o;sf] cld6 k|efj ufGwLhLsf] sf]dn x|bodf k/]sf] lyof] . of] s'/f] sd} dflg;nfO{ yfxf 5 . pgdf csf]{ Pp6f dxŸjk"0f{ k|efj k/]sf] lyof] . Tof] xf]– …;f];fO6L cfkm k|m]G8;’ åf/f k|rfl/t O;fO{ ljrf/ . o:t} yf]/f], /l:sg / 6fN;6foh:tf ljrf/sx¿ klg 5g\ . logLx¿sf] pT;ju{ qmdzM klZrd]nL O;fO{ wd{ / u|Ls cfyf]{8fS; O;fO{ wd{ lyof] . ufGwLhL logaf6 klg k|efljt ePsf lyP . ufGwLhLn] clwsf+z ;d:ofaf/] cfkm\gf ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . pgsf ljrf/ vf; u/L blIf0f clkm|sfsf] ;+3if{ / RoxfF k|fKt u/]sf cg'ejdf cfwfl/t lyP . PskN6 pgnfO{ …xf]d ?n nLu’ df ;l/s x'gsf lglDt elgof] . pgn] :ki6 eg] ls olb d o;df ;l/s ePF eg] o; ;+:yfnfO{ cfkm\gf] ljrf/ / sfd ug]{ tl/sf cg';f/ rnfpg rfxg] 5' . ufGwLhLn] x/]s ljifodf cfkm"n] rfx]cg';f/ sfd ub{y] eGg] o;sf] cy{ of] klg xf]Og . pgsf] dg v'n]sf] k':ts h:t} lyof] . pgL gdgzLn lyP . t/ ef/t lkmtf{ x'g'nfO{ pgn] cfkm\gf] hLjgsf] df]8 eGby] . /, eGg ;lsG5 ls ;g\ !(!$ df ufGwLhL 5'jf5"tsf lj?4 lyP . o;sf ;fy} pgL z'4 j0f{ Joj:yfsf

kIfdf b[9 ;+sNk lyP . pgnfO{ 5'jf5"tsf] kfk / hflt Joj:yfsf] pkof]lutfaLr s'g} lj/f]w 5 eGg] s'/f] nfUb}gYof] . d}n] ;g\ !(!$ sf] ;f6f] ;g\ !(@) sf jif{nfO{ yfxf kfP/ g} /f]h]sf] 5' . pgdf 7"nf] kl/jt{g ePsf] eg]/ o;f] u/]sf] xf]Og . a? olta]nf pgsf n]vfOdf cfZro{k"0f{ :ki6tf, ;'Gb/tf / zlQm b]lvGYof] . ;xL cy{df tL cGtM k|]l/t pb\uf/ nfUby] . ufGwLhL gfuk'/ sfFu|];Ldf k"0f{ ljhoL ePsf lyP . Tof] a]nf pgn] rfnL{ P]G8«o'hnfO{ cfkm\gf] cf:yfsf b'O6f kIfaf/] n]v]sf lyP . oBlk muys ca la|l6z ;/sf/sf lj?4 n8\g] ;+sNk ul/;s]sf 5g\ .t/ pgL o;df clxn] tof/ eO;s]sf 5}gg\ ls pgn] cª\u|]h;+usf] cfkm\gf] ;DaGwnfO{ x/ d"Nodf tf]8g\ kb{5 . of] ;DaGw z'4tfsf cfwf/df aGg'kb{5 eGg] pgsf] rfxgf lyof] . ;fob cª\u|]hsf] :jefj ldhfh sfnf / v}/f hfltaLr k"/f a/fa/L ;DaGwcg'¿k 5}g . t/ d ;Ddfghgs a/fa/Lsf] ;DefjgfnfO{ vf/]h ug{ t}of/ 5}g . ufGwLhLsf] egfO o:Tff] lyof]– d blnt ju{sf] s'g} cGo ju{x¿sf] d"Nodf :j/fHo rfxGgF . d]/f] ljrf/cg';f/ of] :j/fHo x'g] g} 5}g . d]/f] ljZjf; 5, h'ga]nf ef/tn] vkUrfjd “kq}rk k|fKt ug]{5 ta Tof] :jtGq x'g]5 Tof]cl3 xf]Og .==== ;/sf/sf] lj?4sf] n8fOFdf sfo{stf{x¿sf leGbfleGb} dGtJo x'g ;S5g\ . t/ c:k[Zotf ¿kL zq'sf lj?4sf] n8fOFdf eg] s]xL 5flgPsf dflg;n] g} ;fy lbg ;S5g\ . olb s'/f] o:tf] xf] eg] c;dfgtfsf zq' 8f= cDa]8s/n] ufGwLhLaf6 ;xof]u lsg kfpg ;s]gg\ h;n] c:k[ZotfnfO{ kfk dfg] / hf] To;nfO{ pGd"ng ug{ k|lta4 lyP < o; k|Zgsf] pQ/ b'O{ tl/sfn] lbg ;lsG5 . Ps– la|l6z zf;g / c:k[Zotfsf b'O6f v/faLaf/] cDa]8s/sf] d"Nofª\sg ufGwLsf] d"Nofª\sgeGbf km/s lyof] . csf]{ pQ/ s] xf] eg] cDa]8s/ c:k[Zotfsf :j¿k / hfltsf :j¿kdf e]b ug{ tof/ lyPgg\ . pgsf lglDt b'O6} v/faLx¿ k/:k/ ;Da4 lyP . hfltnfO{ gi6 gu?Gh]n c:k[ZotfnfO{ gi6 ug{ ;lsb}gYof] . cDa]8s/sf lglDt ef/tdf la|l6z zf;g Tolt v/fa lyPg . ;aeGbf v/fa hflt– Joj:yf xf] eGg] pgsf] ljrf/ lyof] . pgsf] ;Dk"0f{ Ifdtf hflt Joj:yfnfO{ ;dfKt ug{ ;dlk{t lyof] . ljb]zL zf;gsf lj?4 n8\g pgn] cfkm\gf] Ifdtf nufPgg\ . jf:tjdf ljb]zL cfs|d0fsf/Lcl3 ef/tn] af/Daf/ 3'F8f 6]Sg'sf] sf/0f hflt k|yfaf6 pTkGg kª\u'tf / pbf;Lgtf xf] eGg] pgsf] 7x/ lyof] . pgsf hftsf dflg;n] k]zjfx¿sf] cTofrf/L zf;gnfO{ gi6 ug{

cª\u|]hnfO{ d2t u/]sf lyP . of] s'/f] pgn] UnfgL / kZrftfklagf g} s}of}Fk6s eg]sf lyP . aDaO{ k|]l;8]G;Ldf blnt ju{sf] z}lIfs l:yltaf/] zfOdg sldzgnfO{ cDa]8s/n] Pp6f l/kf]6{ a'emfPsf lyP . To; l/kf]6{df o:tf] n]lvPsf] lyof]– blnt ju{n] ef/tnfO{ lhTg cª\u|]hsf] d2t u/]sf lyP . t/ la|l6z ;/sf/n] pgLx¿k|lt s'g} cfef/ k|s6 u/]g . o;sf] ;f6f] To; ;/sf/n] pRr hfltnfO{ lzIffsf] ;'ljwf lbof] . /, zlQmzfnL ;d"xaf6 cnlUug] 8/n] blnt ju{k|lt s'g} Wofg lbOPg . uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngdf lbOPsf] efif0fdf cDa]8s/n] :ki6¿kn] cfkm\gf s'/f o;/L eg]sf lyP M æblnt ju{ / la|l6z Pp6f c;fwf/0f aGwgdf afFlwPsf 5g\ . blntn] ;gftgL lxGb'x¿sf] ;of}F jif{b]lvsf] k'/fgf] cTofrf/af6 d'lQm lbnfpg] ¿kdf cª\u|]hnfO{ :jfut u/]sf lyP . pgLx¿n] cª\u|]hsf lglDt lxGb', d';ndfg / l;vsf lj?4 n8fOFx¿ n8]/ ef/tsf] dxfg ;fd|fHo lhtfPsf lyP .Æ nueu bz jif{kl5sf] s'/f] xf] . bf];|f] ljZj o'4 ;'? eof] . cª\u|]hnfO{ ;]gf etL{ ug'{kg]{ eof] . pgn] blnt / k5f}6] ju{af6 ;]gfdf etL{sf lglDt clkn u/] . s'g} a]nf em08} tLg rf}yfO aDaO{ ;]gf dxf/af6 ag]sf] lyof] . /, ltgn] cª\u|]hsf] kIfdf cg]s 7"nf n8fOFx¿ n8]sf lyP . o;df sf]/] ufpFsf] k|l;4 n8fOF klg kb{5 . To;kl5 k]zjfsf] xf/ eof] / cª\u|]hn] cfkm\gf] k|e'Tj :yflkt u/]sf lyP . ;]gfdf dxf/sf] etL{nfO{ hf]8 lb+b} …6fOD; cfkm Ol08of’ df n]lvPsf] kqdf sf]/] ufpFsf] n8fOFsf] k'gM rrf{ ub}{ eG5g\– To; n8fOFsf] ;Demgfdf cª\u|]hn] sf]/] ufpFdf Pp6f ljho :tDe agfPsf lyP . To; ljho :tDedf cª\u|]hsf tkm{ o'4df sfd u/]sf ;}lgsx¿sf] gfpF c+lst ul/Psf] 5 . logdf lbPsf gf}j6f dWo] bzj6fsf] gfd dxf/s} 5 . cDa]8s/sf] cfkm\gf] hLjgsf] ldzg ef/tnfO{ cª\u|]hsf] zf;gaf6 d'Qm u/fpg' lyPg . o; s'/f]nfO{ pgn] slxNo} klg :jLsf/ u/]gg\ . pgsf] ldzg blntnfO{ afx'gjfb / hfltjfbaf6 d'Qm u/fpg' lyof] . ;g\ !(#* df /]nuf8Ldk dhb'/nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ pgn] eg]sf lyP– dhb'/n] b'O6f zq';+u n8\g'kg]{ 5 . /, o;df Pp6f xf] afx'gjfb / csf]{ xf] k'FhLjfb . afx'gjfbsf] tfTko{ Pp6f ;d"x ljz]if lyPg . pgsf] clek|fo lyof] :jtGqtf, ;dfgtf /

eft[Tjsf] efjgfsf] lgif]w g} afx'gjfb xf] . of] afx'g hftdf dfq x'Fb}g . of] v/faL ;a} ju{df kfOG5 . oBlk o;sf] ;'?cft afx'gn] g} u/]sf x'g . logsf lj?4 df]rf{ lng'kg]{ 5 . bf];|f] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngdf blnt ju{sf] k|ltlglwTjaf/] 8f=cDa]8s/ / ufGwLaLr g/fd|/L egfeg eof] . cNk;+Vos dfldnf ;DaGwL ljrf/ ug]{ ;ldltdf ufGwLhLn] eg]– of] eGg' ls d}n] ljwfg ;efdf c:k[Zosf k|ltlglwTjsf] lj/f]w ub{5', ;TonfO{ ljs[t ug'{ xf] . d}n] h] s'/f] eg]sf] lyPF / h;nfO{ km]l/ d oxfF bf]xf]¥ofpg rfxG5' Tof] of] xf] ls d ljz]if k|ltlglwTjsf] lj?4 5' . dnfO{ ljZjf; 5 ls o;af6 blntsf] enf] x'g] 5}g . sfFu|];L jo:s dtflwsf/k|lt jrgaå 5 / c:k[Zotf ;dfKt x'g'sf ;fy} blnt hfltsf pDd]bjf/nfO{ cnu jf alx:s[t ul/g] 5}g . pgsf] egfO o:tf] 5– logLx¿nfO{ r'gfjeGbf a9L of] s'/f]sf] cfjZostf 5 ls ;fdflhs / wfld{s pTkL8gaf6 pgLx¿sf] /Iff x'g'kb{5 . pgn] eg] ls– O{Zj/sf s[kfn] c:k[Zotf l5§} g} clttsf] cjz]if x'g]5 lsgeg] lxGb'x¿sf] cGt/f{Tdf hfu[t eO;s]sf] 5 . o:tf] nfU5, ufGwLhL c:k[Zotf / ;lckVk mRiUu ;a} v/faL l5§} ;dfKt x'g]5g\ eGg] s'/f]df ufGwL lgs} cfzfjfbL lyP eGg] s'/f]df klg z+sf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . cf/If0flagf blnt ju{n] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] k|ltlglwTj kfpnfg\\ jf gkfpnfg\ .

8f=cDa]8s/ ufGwLhLsf oL ljrf/k|lt ;xdt lyPgg\ . pgn] o; ljrf/nfO{ hf]8bf/ ¿kn] lj/f]w u/] . pgn] ;fdfGo z}nLdf eg] blnt ju{ lxGb':tfgsf xftdf tTsfn ;Qf ;'lDkgsf lglDt j]r}g 5}g . pgLx¿n] o;sf lglDt cfGbf]ng ;'? u/]sf xf]Ogg\ . t/ olb ;Qf x:tfGt/0f x'g' 5 eg] ;Qf Ps ;d"x, Ps u'6 jf Ps cNktGqnfO{ lbOg] 5}g . a? To;df blnt ju{;lxt ;a} ;d'bfosf] hg;+Vofsf] cg'kftdf ;xefuL x'g]5 . ufGwLhLn] o;sf] pQ/ o;/L lbPsf lyP– olb c:k[Zotfx¿sf] hgdt ;ª\u|x u/fOof] eg] pgLx¿n] ;aeGbf w]/} dt kfpg]5g\ . pgLx¿n] ef/tsf] Pp6f s'gf]b]lv csf]{ s'gf];Dd k|rf/ ug]{ 5g\ ls k[ys dtbftf ;"lr / cf/If0fn] Tof] sn+s w'g ;Sb}g hf] blnt hfltsf] geP/ ;gftg lxGb'x¿sf] sn+s xf] . xl/hgn] la|l6z ;]gfdf gf]s/L u/] . o; s'/f] af/] olb s;}n] cg';"lrt hflt -z]8\o'N8 sfi6–cg';"lrdf plNnlvt hflt cyf{t\ tNnf] hftsf] ;"lr_ / pgsf g]tfk|lt 3[0ffsf] tl/sf

ckgfP jf pgLx¿dfly ljZjf;3ftsf] cf/f]k nufP eg] d pgLx¿nfO{ :d/0f u/fpg rfxG5' ls h'g a+ufn cfdL{n] pQ/ ef/tnfO{ cª\u|]hsf lglDt lht] / l;v zlQmnfO{ gi6 u/] To;df vf; u/L afx'g, /fhk't / cGo pRr j0fL{o lyP . oL hftn] b'O{ xhf/ jif{;Dd ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfdfly cfkm\gf] jr{:j sfod /fv] . tyflk ljb]zLsf] rfs/L ubf{ pgLx¿nfO{ nfh nfu]g / logLx¿nfO{ clnslt klg b]zelQmsf] efjgf hfu]g . pgLx¿ yf]/}df cfkm"nfO{ a]Rg tof/ eP . cg';"lrt hfltdfly lgs} cTofrf/ ePsf] 5 . ;j0f{ lxGb'n] z"b| / tNnf] hftk|lt s|"/tf b]vfPs} x'g\ . of] klg yf]/} jif{sf lglDt xf]Og, b'O{ xhf/ jif{;Dd o; lsl;dsf] s"|/tf dg'ion] cfkm\g} k|hfltsf ;b:ok|lt ;fob g} slxNo} b]vfPsf] xf]; . a+ufn cfdL{df etL{ x'g] pRr hftsf t'ngfdf aDaO{ cfdL{df etL{ x'g] cg';"lrt hftsf] kIf a9L a'lemg] s'/f] lyof] . hxfF;Dd cDa]8s/sf] etL{ cleofgsf] k|Zg 5, ufGwLhLn] klg k|yd ljZj—o'4sf a]nf cª\u|]h ;]gfdf etL{ x'gsf lglDt k|rf/ u/]sf lyP . o;af/] olt eGg' g} sfkmL x'g]5 . Tolta]nf pgnfO{ cª\u|]hsf] ljrf/k|lt k"/} ljZjf; lyof] . o;/L ;fj/s/ / lxGb' efOx¿n] klg bf];|f] o'4sf a]nf ;]gfdf etL{ x'g] cleofg rnfPsf lyP . ;fdflhs ;d:ofaf/] o; lsl;dsf ljrf/x¿ lyP . oxL sf/0f cDa]8s/sf lglDt la|l6z zf;gnfO{ ;aeGbf v/fa dfGg] s'/f] c;Dej lyof] . pgsf lglDt ;aeGbf g/fd|f] s'/f] pRr hftsf] zf;g, afx'gjfbsf] bz{g / To;sf] ;fsf/ ¿k hflt k|yf lyof] . ctM hflt k|0ffnL ljifodf ufGwL / cDa]8s/df s'g} ldnglaGb' lyPg . ;g\ !(@) df ufGwLhLn] …o+u Ol08ofÚ df b'O6f n]v n]v]sf lyP . pgn] o;df cfkm\gf dfGotfnfO{ :ki6 ¿kdf k|:t't u/]sf lyP . xfdLn] oL n]vnfO{ sf];] 9'ª\ufsf] ¿kdf lng ;S5f}+ . o;af6 cDa]8s/sf] t'ngfdf pgsf] e"ldsf :ki6 x'G5 . kl5Nnf ;QfbZ; jif{df ufGwLhLsf] b[li6sf]0fdf hf] kl/jt{g eof] To;sf] slt ulx/fO / dxŸj 5 eGg] s'/f] klg a'em\g ;S5f}F . pgsf kq …c;xdtL’ sf lglDt v'nf x'g]5 eGg] 3f]if0f ub}{ ufGwLhLn] cfkm\gf] s'/f] :ki6 u/] ls s6'tf ts{jfb x'Fb}g . kq n]Vg] dflg;sf] o'lQmsf] ;f/ lnb} pgn] o;/L n]v]sf 5g\M pgsf] ts{ 5– hflt k|yf /lx/xg] xf] eg] ef/tsf] ;j{gfz x'g]5 / ef/tsf] u'nfdLsf] sf/0f hflt k|yf g} xf] . -cDa]8s/sf] klg oxL dt lyof] . Toltv]/ pgL ljb]zdf cWoog ub}{ lyP ._ ufGwLhLsf]

egfO o:tf] 5M xfd|f] jt{dfg b'u{ltsf] sf/0f hflt k|yf xf]Og . xfd|f] u'nfdLsf] sf/0f xfd|f nf]e / clgjfo{ u'0fx¿k|lt xfd|f] pk]Iff xf] . hflt k|yfn] lxGb' wd{nfO{ lj36g x'gaf6 arfPsf] 5 eGg] dnfO{ ljZjf; 5 . ufGwLhLn] rf/ j0f{df ljeflht lxGb' ;dfhnfO{ cfwf/e"t, :jfefljs / clgjfo{ eg]/ ;dy{g u/] . c;+Vo hftx¿ oL rf/ j0f{df ;dflxt xf]pmg\ eGg] ufGwLhLsf] rfxgf lyof] .

To;kl5 ufGwLhLn] lxGb'x¿sf] ;'kl/lrt o'lQm k|:t't ub}{ hfltsf] l;4fGtnfO{ lxGb' wd{n] /Iff u/]/ dg'io dfq xf]Og, ;a} k|f0fLdf ;d]t eft[Tjsf] efjgfsf] kf7 k9fof] eGg] pgsf] 7x/ lyof] . hflt k|yfsf] dd{:yfgdf cf+}7f] /fVb} ufGwLhLn] eg] M æcfg'j+lztfsf] lgod zfZjt lgod xf] . d o; s'/f]nfO{ :jLsf/ ub{5' . /, o;nfO{ kl/jt{g ug]{ sf]lzz ul/of] eg] o;cl3 klxn] ePsf] h:t} km]l/ ;dfhdf k"0f{ c/fhstf km}lng]5 .Æ of] s'/f] ;f]em} uLtfaf6 lnOPsf] lyof] . ch'{gn] j0f{;ª\s/ -l7dfxf_ ;Dem]/ o:t} eo JoQm u/]sf lyP . ufGwLhLsf] egfO km]l/ x]/f}+& b08, k'/:sf/, pGglt / cjglt km};nf ug{sf lglDt dg'io lgld{t cbfntx¿ c;dy{ x'g]5g\ . olb lxGb'n] cfTdfsf] cgZj/tf / k'gh{Gddf cf:yf /fVb5 h:tf] ls pgLx¿n] /fVg' klg kb{5 . olb o:tf] xf] eg] of] s'/f] klg dfGg'kb{5 ls k|s[ltn] s'g} untL gu/]/ ;Gt'ng :yflkt ug]{5 . /, o; hGddf v/fa sfd ug]{ afx'gnfO{ cl3Nnf] hGddf lgDg bhf{ lbg]5 tyf o; hGddf /fd|f] sfd ug]{ z"b|nfO{ cl3Nnf] hGddf a|fXd0fsf] k|lti7f lbg]5 . sd{ / k'gh{Gdsf] l;4fGtn] k|To]s JolQmsf] hf]8–36fpsf] vftf 7Ls–7Ls /fVg]5 . of] s'/f] df]If k|fKt gu?~h]n;Dd rln/xG5 . /, hGd–d/gsf] z[ª\vnfaf6 cfkm"nfO{ d'Qm gu/];Dd rln/xG5 . nf]stGqsf lglDt ;xef]h / cGtlj{jfxnfO{ cfjZos dfGg] dflg;l;t ufGwLsf] dte]b lyof] . o;af/] pgn] lxGb'x¿sf] k/x]hnfO{ ;dy{g u/]sf lyP . of] eg]/ ls ;+od / cg'zf;gsf lglDt of] cfjZos 5 . s]xL cg'zf;gfTds aGwg x'G5g\ hf] :jo+df v/fa x'Fb}gg\ eGg] pgsf] egfO lyof] . pgn] j0f{ Joj:yfnfO{ hf]8bf/sf ;fy ;dy{g u/]sf lyP . To;kl5 c:k[ZotfnfO{ 3[l0ft kfk xf] eg]/ lgGbf u/]sf lyP . /, pgn] To;nfO{ ;dfKt ug]{ ;+sNk klg JoQm u/]sf lyP

. To;kl5 ts{df cfkm\gf] cf:yf ePsf] s'/f] JoQm ub}{ pgn] cfZro{hgs jQmJo lbPsf lyP . olb s'g} zf:q ts{ / cGt/f{Tdfsf] cfb]zsf] lj?4 x'G5 eg] d To;nfO{ :jLsf/ ulb{gF . To;a]nf ufGwLhLsf] dfGotf lyof] ls ;f/f ts{ hflt–k|yfsf] kIfdf / c:k[Zotfsf] lj/f]wdf 5g\ . ;q lbg lat]sf] lyof] . ufGwLhLn] km]l/ o;} ljifonfO{ p7fP . lb;]Da/ @(, !(@) df pgn] k'gM hflt k|yfsf] ;'Gb/tfsf] u'0fufg u/] . /ut / cfg'j+lzstfsf] l;4fGtdf hflt–k|yf l6s]sf] 5 eGg] ljrf/ pgn] cl3 ;f/] . pgn] k'gM oxL l;4fGtnfO{ ;dy{g u/]sf lyP . o;af6 ;dfhdf l:y/tf / k|ult ePsf] 5 eGg] pgsf] egfO lyof] . pgsf] b[li6df ef]hg, kfgL / ljjfxsf s'/f]sf] s'g} ;fdflhs dxŸj lyPg . pgn] oxL s'/fnfO{ cl3 ;f/]sf 5g\ . oL k|ltaGwx¿n] OlGb|onfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{, OR5f zlStsf] ;fwgf / s]xL ;fdflhs d"Nosf] /Iff ug{sf lglDt cfjZos 5g\ . ufGwLhL oL ljrf/df s]xL lbg;Dd l6ls/x] . cDa]8s/sf] efif0f hflt k|yfsf] pGd"ngsf] l6Kk0fL ub}{ ;g\ !(#^ df ufGwLhLn] eg]sf lyP ls zf:qsf] s'/f] d]/f ljrf/l;t d]n vfFb}gg\ .

To;nfO{ d}n] ck|fdfl0fs / c:jLsfo{ dfGb5' . pgn] zf:qaf6 o:tf s'/f lemSg'kb{5 eGg] pgsf] ljrf/ lyof] . To;sf] 7Ls–7Ls VofVof x'g'kb{5 / To;sf] z'4 ;+:s/0f lgsfNg'kb{5 . pgn] k'gM cfkm\gf] of] ljZjf; JoQm u/] ls zf:qdf c:k[Zotfsf] :jLs[lt 5}g . /, olb s'g} c+z o:Tff 5g\ eg] tL k|lIfKt 5g\ . To;kl5 oL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ufGwLhLn] j0f{ Joj:yfsf] lgodsf] JofVof u/]sf] e]l6G5 . æxfdL ;a}n] cfkm\gf k'vf{sf k]zfnfO{ sfod /fVb} cfkm\gf] hLljsf rnfpg'kg]{ s'/f] hflt Joj:yfn] xfdLnfO{ l;sfPsf] 5 . o;n] xfd|f] clwsf/sf] geP/ xfd|f] st{JonfO{ lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . o;df dfgj hfltsf] sNof0fsf lglDt cfjZos ePsf wGwfx¿sf] s'/f] 5 . o;df of] clek|fo lglxt 5 ls s'g} klg sfd gLr x'Fb}g / g s'g} 7"nf] 5 . ;a} sfd—wGwf /fd|f x'G5g\, ljlw;Ddt 5g\ / k"0f{tM a/fa/L bhf{df 5g\ . /, oL sfd ug]{ dflg;nfO{ O{Zj/sf gh/df ;dfg ;Ddfg k|fKt x'G5 . Pp6f ;do lyof] . Tolta]nf dg'iosf cl3 klg oL b'j}nfO{ ;dfg k'/:sf/ k|fKt x'GYof] . b'j} wGwf ug]{ dflg;nfO{ l;km{ cfhLljsfsf] clwsf/ x'G5, Tof] eGbf Hofbf xf]Og .Æ

x'g t ufGwLhLn] ;fj{hlgs ljjfbsf lglDt gd|tf / ;f}hGosf] pRr dfgb08 lgwf{l/t u/]sf lyP . tyflk slxn]sfFxL pgsf] n]vfOdf lj/f]wLnfO{ cfxt ug]{ zAb kl/xfNy] . ;DejtM of] cgfof; g} x'GYof] . t/ obfsbf o:tf] ePs} s'/f] xf] . PskN6 pgn] eg]sf lyP ls cflv/ ;'efifrGb| af]; b]zsf b'Zdg xf]Ogg\ . o;af6 ;'efifrGb| af];nfO{ lgs} kL8f ePsf] lyof] . cDa]8s/sf] pko'{Qm efif0faf/] l6Kk0fL ub}{ ufGwLhLn] eg] ls cDa]8s/n] cfkm"dfly eljiodf h] laNnf nufP klg pgn] cfkm"nfO{ lj:d[t x'g lbg] 5}gg\ . cDa]8s/ ufGwLhLsf] of] l6Kk0fL k9]/ lgs} b'MvL ePsf lyP . pgn] o; s'/f]df v]b k|s6 u/]sf lyP . ufGwLhLn] pgnfO{ k|rf/sf ef]sf] / cfkm"nfO{ lj:d[t gx'g lbg] s'/f] u/]sf lyP . d k|rf/ssf] ef]sf] 5}g . /, d}n] lxGb' hfu"g\ / cfkm\gf] l:yltsf] hfFra'em u¿g\ eg]/ Tof] efif0f 5kfPsf] lyPF eGg] egfO cDa]8s/sf] lyof] . cDa]8s/n] ufGwLhLsf o'lQmx¿ af/] v08g u/]sf lyP . pgn] cfkm\gf s'/f o;/L k|:t't u/]sf lyP . hxfF;Dd d]/f] cWoogsf] s'/f] 5, ;Gtx¿n] slxNo} klg hflt k|yf jf 5'jf5"tsf lj?4 cleofg rnfPgg\ . o; ;+;f/df s] x'G5, ljleGg ;d"xx¿sf] l:ylt s] 5 / pgLx¿sf] Oxn}lss ;+3if{ s] xf] oL ;a s'/faf/] pgLx¿nfO{ s'g} lrGtf g} lyPg . pgLx¿sf] lrGtf lyof] dg'io / k/fTdfaLrsf] ;DaGw . ;a} dg'io ;dfg 5g\ eGg] s'/f] ;Gtx¿n] slxNo} klg eg]gg\ . pgLx¿n] eg] ls ;a} dg'io O{Zj/sf gh/df a/fa/ 5g\ . of] lgs} leGg / xflg/lxt k|f:yfkgf xf] . o; lsl;dsf]0 pkb]z lbg' s;}sf nflu d'lZsn x'Fb}g . /, o;df ljZjf; ug'{ klg s;}nfO{ cˆ7]/f] kb{}g . ;Gtx¿n] hft gi6 ug]{ / o; ;+;f/df 7"nf]–;fgf]sf] e]befj ;dfKt ug]{ s'/f] slxNo} u/]gg\ . olb pgLx¿n] slxn] :jo+ hfltsf] /]vf lauf/] klg ;j{;fwf/0f dflg;nfO{ hfltsf] /]vf laufg]{ pkb]z lbPgg\ .

To;kl5 cDa]8s/n] ufGwLnfO{ af]nfO / u/fOsf] lj/f]wfef;af/] ljrf/ ug{ r'gf}tL lbP . pgn] eg] M ufGwLhLn] ;a}nfO{ cfkm\gf afa'afh] j k'vf{sf] k]zf hf/L /fVg] pkb]z lbG5g\ . s] pgn] :jo+ o; lgodnfO{ kfng ub{5g\ < ;Dej 5, o:tf] gug'{sf] sf/0f nIo olt 7"nf] 5 ls To;nfO{ k|fKt ug{ ;lsb}g . o;sf] sf/0f dg'iosf] cGthf{t kfv08 klg x'g ;Sb5 . h];'s} xf];, pgsf] cfr/0f hfFRg ;lsG5 . olb d pgnfO{ ;f]wF" ls dxfTdfn] cfkm\gf] cfbz{nfO{ Jojxf/df kl/0ft ug{ slt k|of; u/]sf 5g\ . o;f] xf] eg] dnfO{ bf]if lbg'kg]{ s'/f] b]lvb}g .

dxfTdf hGdn] algof x'g\ eGg] cDa]8s/sf] ts{ lyof] . o;}n] pgsf afpafh]–k'vf{sf] k]zf Jofkf/–wGwf xf] . t/ pgsf k'vf{n] Jofkf/ ug{ 5f]8]/ l/;fotdf lbjfg ag] . of] afx'gsf] k]zf xf] . dxfTdfn] :jo+ g} jlsnsf] k]zf /f]h] . pgn] cfkm\gf afpafh]sf] k]zf sfod /fVb} slxNo} klg t/fh' 5f]Pgg\ . pgsf sfG5f] 5f]/f b]jbf; j}Zosf ¿kdf hlGdPsf lyP . t/ pgsf] lax] afx'gL s]6L;+u eof] . /, pgL Pp6f kqsf/ ag] . s] dxfTdfn] cfkm\gf afpafh]sf k]zf gu/]sf]n] cfkm\gf] 5f]/f]nfO{ lgGbf u/] < cDa]8s/sf] cfnf]rgf lans'n} ;l6s / dfld{s lyof] . o;nfO{ s;n] z+sf ug{ ;Snf < cfkm\gf] afpafh]sf] k]zf ckgfpg] / cGtj{0fL{o ljjfxsf b'j} k|Zgaf/] dxfTdf ufGwLhLsf] l:ylt ts{;Ddt lyPg . ufGwLhLåf/f …/Qm / cfg'j+lzstfÚ sf] cfwf/df / of]Uotfsf] ;§f hGdsf] l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df rf/ j0f{sf] ;dy{g, ;xef]hsf] k|ltaGwnfO{ o'lQms/0f, ;o+d / OR5f zlQmsf] ;fwgfsf] cfwf/df cGthf{tLo ljjfxsf] k|ltaGwsf] ;dy{g :ki6 ¿kn] unt lyof] . cGthf{tLo ljjfx c;nL ;dfwfg xf] eGg] cDa]8s/sf] ts{ lyof] . ts{sf b[li6n] of] lgs} alnof] ts{ lyof] . cDa]8s/ hflt / j0f{ Joj:yfsf lj/f]wL lyP . ufGwL o;sf] ;dy{s lyP . o; ;DaGwdf b'j}aLr nfdf] ;do;Dd bGt aemfg cyf{t\ jfbljjfb rln/Xof] . t/ g9fF6L eGg] xf] eg] ;RrfO / ljj]s eg] cDa]8s/s} tkm{ lyof] . cDa]8s/df b"/b[li6 / ljj]szlQm lyof] . o;sf] k|z+;fsf lglDt oxL cfwf/ sfkmL 5 . Tof] s] xf] eg] ufGwLhLn] cfkm\gf] hLjgsf clGtd jif{df cfkm\gf k'/fgf dfGotfnfO{ abNg] Ifdtf b]vfP . of] klg Pp6f ;'Gb/ pbfx/0f xf] . pgn] cfkm\gf] dfGotfdf d"ne"t kl/jt{g u/] . pgL cGthf{tLo ljjfxsf] 3f]/ ;dy{s ag] . oltdfq sxfF xf] /, xl/hg / ;j0f{aLr ljjfxlt/sf] ;aeGbf cfZro{hgs s'/f] cGtw{dL{o ljjfxsf] klg s'/f] u/] . t/ o:tf] ljjfxdf :jtM lz4 jf clgjfo{ wd{ kl/jt{g gquq gq¡nSu . ufGwLhLsf] …j0f{ Joj:yfÚ gfpF u/]sf] Pp6f n]v ;+u|x lyof] . dO{ #!, !($% df pgn] To; ;+u|xsf] e"ldsf n]v] . pgn] To;df n]v] ls pgsf] ljrf/af6 x/]s lbg dg'io cl3 a9\5 jf k5fl8 kmls{G5 . Tof] Ps} 7fpFdf pFleg ;Sb}g . ;f/f ljZj ultzLn 5 . o; lgodsf] s'g} ckjfb 5}g . d]/f] of] unt jQmJo x'g]5 olb d}n] eg"F ls d cfh ToxL 5' hf] lxhf] lyPF / eljiodf klg ToxL x'g]5' . j:t'tM d]/f] dgdf o; lsl;dsf] OR5f klg x'g' x'Fb}g . oL k|:tfjgfsf

zAbx¿ lyP . To;kl5 pgn] o;/L n]v] &;To / clx+;fsf af/] d]/f] sNkgf lbgfg'lbg :ki6 x'Fb} 5 . t}klg j0ff{>dsf ;DaGwdf d]/f ljrf/ ToxL 5g\ hf] klxn] lyP eGg] s'/f] ;xL gxf]nf . @) h'nfO{, !($^ sf …xl/hg ;]js ;+3Ú sf] Ps hgf sfo{stf{sf] k|Zgsf] pQ/ ufGwLhLn] o;/L lbPsf lyP . dnfO{ nfU5 &d]/f] dg lg/Gt/ ljsl;t x'Fb} 5 . /, Tof] cufl8 a9\b} 5 . ;a} d]/f] ;fy sfFwdf sfFw ldnfP/ lxa8\g g;s"g . /, of] ;Dej x'g] s'/f] klg xf] . ufGwLhLn] tL sfo{stf{nfO{ eg]– pgsf] s'g} cljjflxt 5f]/L 5 / olb z'4 ;flTjs wfld{s efjgfn] pgn] p;sf] lax] xl/hgl;t u/fpFb5g\ eg] dnfO{ w]/} k|;Ggtf x'g]5 / d}n] pgnfO{ awfO{ lbg]5' . ufGwLhLn] ( dO{, !($% df Pp6f sfo{stf{nfO{ o:tf] n]v]sf lyP– olb of] ljjfx Pp6} hftdf x'Fb} 5 eg] daf6 cfzLjf{b gdfu . ====== s]6Lsf] lax] csf]{ ;d'bfo;+u eof] eg] d}n] cfzLjf{b lbg]5' . dO{ ^, !($% df ufGwLhLn] cfkm\gf Ps hgf ;xof]uL g/xl/ kf/lvnfO{ n]v] – xfdLn] clt z"b| / ;j0f{ lxGb'aLrsf] ljjfxnfO{ lagflxrlsrfP/ ;jf]{Rr k|fyldstf lbg'kb{5 . pgn] cufl8 o;/L n]v] M æhxfF cfdfafj' ;dembf/ x'G5g\ ToxfF leGg wd{sf aLrsf] ljjfx klg s'g} ckm\7]/f] x'g' x'Fb}g . s] xfdLn] ;a} wd{x¿nfO{ ;dfg b[li6n] x]b}{gf}+ < d}n] cfkm\gf] k|fYf{gfdf c¿ wd{nfO{ hf] :yfg lbPsf] 5' To;sf] s]xL k|of]hg 5 . aRrfn] s'g} klg wd{ /f]Hg ;Sb5 . d]/f] sNkgfsf klt– kTgLn] o; ;DaGwdf cfkm\gf aRrfx¿nfO{ pbf/ lzIff lbg'kb{5 . d]/f] ljrf/df of] lgs} ;lhnf] 5 . s]6Lsf] gfpFdf k7fPsf] kqdf d}n] oL s'/fnfO{ :ki6tfsf ;fy n]v]sf] 5' .Æ o;/L hflt pGd"ngsf ;jfndf dxfTdf ufGwLsf ljrf/df kl/jt{g Nofpg cDa]8s/ ;kmn ePsf lyP . ufGwLhLn] dt kl/jt{gsf] >]o cDa]8s/nfO{ lbPgg\ of] csf]{ s'/f] xf] . o; s'/f]sf] dxŸj klg 5}g . t/ ;f/f kl/k|]Iodf xfdLn] h] s'[/f b]Vg ;lsG5 xfdLn] ;xL l:yltnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ lxlRsrfpg' x'Fb}g .

k[ys lgjf{rg cfof]usf] dfu tyf o]/j8f ;Demf}tf

;g\ !(@& sf] s'/f] xf] . Toltv]/ la|6]gdf sGhe]{l6e kf6L{sf] ;/sf/ lyof] . Tof] ;/sf/n] ;/ hfg ;fOdgsf] cWoIftfdf ;a} :j]t ;b:ox¿sf] Pp6f cfof]u u7g u¥of] . cfufdL r'gfj n]a/ kf6L{n] lhTg] 5 . n]a/ kf6L{sf] ;/sf/n] g} ;+j}wflgs cfof]u u7g ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt ug]{5 . sGhe]{l6e ;/sf/n] sldzgsf] l;kmfl/;nfO{ k|efljt ug]{ b[li6n] ;doeGbf klxn] o; cfof]usf] u7g u/]sf] lyof] . o; 36gfaf6 ef/tsf] /fhgLlt klg k|efljt ePsf] lyof] . oxfFsf ljleGg /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] /fhgLlts jftfj/0fnfO{ o;n] pQ]lht u¥of] . sfFu|];L / lhGgfsf] d'l:nd nLuys cfof]unfO{ alx:sf/ u¥of] . t/ cfof]u vfF / kmhnL x';}gsf] …;j{bnLo d'l:nd ;Dd]ngÚ n] o;nfO{ ;ls|o ;xof]u u¥of] . d';ndfg afx]s blnt ju{df klg hfu:stf cfof] . ;dfhsf] of] tKsf ;fFRrLs} ;aeGbf lk5l8Psf] lyof] . pgLx¿nfO{ lzIffsf] cj;/af6 jl~rt ul/Psf] lyof] . pgLx¿nfO{ df]G6kmf]8{ ;'wf/ cGtu{t lafo/kku lHkkek k|ltlglwTj;d]t lbOPsf] lyPg . pgLx¿sf] kIfnfO{ k|:t't ug]{ of]Uo k|ltlglw klg lyPgg\ . 8f=cDa]8s/ g} o;sf ckjfb lyP . pgL blnt ju{sf g]tfx¿ dWo] ;aeGbf k|ltefzfnL lyP . pgsf] bhf{ pRr lyof] . /, pgsf] of]Uotf / ljåtfsf] wfs klg Jofks lyof] . pgsf] ef/tLo g]tfx¿df 5'§} klxrfg lyof] . pgL blnt ju{sf efu k|:t't ug{ cl3 ;/] . cDa]8s/ ef/tsf ;jf{lws lzlIft / ;+j]bgzLn JolQmx¿dWo] Ps lyP . pgsf dgdf dfgl;s ;+3if{ rln/x]sf] lyof] . blnt ju{n] cfkm\gf] efu slt ug]{ / To;nfO{ /fli6«o lxtsf ;fy s;/L ;dfof]hg ug'{kb{5 < blnt ju{sf ;fy Gofo x'g'kb{5 eGg] s'/f]df cDa]8s/ s[t;+sNk lyP . pgsf cl3lNt/ bf]xf]/f] ;d:of lyof] . ;aeGbf klxn] blnt ju{nfO{ dtbftf ;"lrdf Nofpg'kg]{ 5 . t/ pgLx¿ w]/} ul/a lyP . pgLx¿;¡u hUuf, 3/– ?kMsjh s]xL klg lyPg . pgLx¿sf] /fd|f] cfDbfgL klg lyPg . dtbftfsf] l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df hldg jf 3/sf] :jfldTj, cfDbfgLsf] pRr:t/ / z}lIfs of]Uotf eof] eg] of] blnt ju{sf] lj?4 x'g]5 . pgLx¿sf lglDt jo:s dtflwsf/ g} plrt x'g ;S5 . o;}n] o;sf lglDt cDa]8s/nfO{ w]/} ;+3if{ ug'{k¥of] . o;af/] cfkm\gf] l:ylt k|:6 kfg{ pgn] ufGwLhLnfO{ s}of}+k6s

eg]sf lyP . dxfTdf ufGwLn] k"0f{ nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfgsf] s'/f] unf{g\ eGg] cDa]8s/nfO{ ljZjf; lyof] . o;af/] ufGwLhLn] blnt ju{nfO{ lg/fz x'g lbPgg\ . pgn] eg] pgL jo:s dtflwsf/sf lglDt jrga4 5g\ . g]x¿ l/kf]6{n] klg o; s'/f]sf] ;dy{g u/]sf] lyof] . t}klg of] sfd Tolt ;lhnf] eg] lyPg . o;sf lglDt cDa]8s/nfO{ klg jfb–s'zntfnfO{ pkof]u ug'{k/]sf] lyof] . pgsf] dxŸjk"0f{ k|Zg lyof]– k|ltlglwTjsf] dfqf . s] ;+o'Qm lgjf{rg vk;ksx / cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf xf]nf jf l;v tyf d';ndfg h:t} blntsf lglDt klg k[ys lgjf{rg vk;ksx xf]nf < cu:t *, !(#) df clvn ef/t blnt ju{ sfFu|];Lsf] ;Dd]ng gfuk'/df af]nfOof] . of] ;Dd]ng ;fv u/L /fhgLlts dfu ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ug{sf lglDt cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . o; clwj]zgsf] cWoIftf 8f= cDa]8s/n] u/]sf lyP . pgs} k|]/0ffaf6 kf; ul/Psf k|:tfjnfO{ lgDg k|sf/n] k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5M 1= ef/tsf nflu 8f]ldlgou :6]6 -cf}klgj]lzs bhf{_ ;aeGbf /fd|f] x'g]5 .

2= s]xL ;'/Iffsf ;fy oyfzL3| pQ/bfloTj lbg] .

3= efjL ;+ljwfg agfpg] a]nf ef/tsf] ;fdflhs l:yltnfO{ Wofgdf /flvof];\ .

4= lafo/kku lHkkek blnt ju{nfO{ ;d'lrt k|ltlglwTj lbOof];\ .

5= k[ys lgjf{rg vk;ksx pkof]lutfaf/] ljZjf;sf afah'b pgLx¿ ;+o'Qm lgjf{rg

d08ndf cf/lIft :yfgsf lglDt tof/ x'g]5g\ zt{ 5,– o;sf ;fy jo:s dtflwsf/ nfu" xf];\ .

6= ;/sf/L gf]s/Ldf kof{Kt k|ltlglwTj x'g'kg]{ .

7= ;'/lIft ljifo cGtu{t ePtf klg ;]gfnfO{ ef/t ;/sf/sf] sfo{sf/L lgoGq0faflx/

g/flvof];\ . aDaO{ ljwfg kl/ifsf ;b:oåf/f Pp6f l/kf]6{ tof/ ul/Psf] lyof] . o; l/kf]6{df 8f= cDa]8s/n] Pp6f cfkm\gf] 5'§} gf]6 hf]8]sf lyP . o;df pgn] cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 ;+j}wflgs k|:tfj k|:t't u/]sf lyP . of] Pp6f lj:tf/k"j{s n]lvPsf] b:tfj]h xf] . o;df cDa]8s/n] cfkm\gf ljrf/ a8f] hf]8bf/ tl/sfn] :ki6tfsf ;fy /fv]sf 5g\ . pgn] blnt ju{sf] k|ltlglwTjsf ;DaGwdf dWod dfu{ ckgfPsf 5g\M

1= olb jo:s dtflwsf/ k|fKt eof] eg] d';ndfg, blnt ju{ / P+Unf] Ol08ognfO{ 5f]8]/

afFsLsf lglDt If]qLo k|ltlglw x'g'kb{5 .

2= olb dtflwsf/ klxn] h:t} l;ldt eof] eg] d';ndfg, blnt ju{, P+Unf] Ol08og, d/f7f /

cGo ;Da4 hflt tyf dhb'/nfO{ 5f]8]/ afFsLsf lglDt k|ltlglwTj If]qLo xf];\ .

3= dhb'/sf lglDt k|ltlglwTj k~hLs[t dhb'/ ;+u7gsf] lgjf{rg d08nsf cfwf/df x'g]5 .

If]qLo lgjf{rg vk;ksx / k[ys lgjf{rg u vk;ksx oL b'O{ ljk/Lt w|'j x'g\ . ;l ns”kdks ;ks ?kksj vyksdrkfU=d iz.kkyh gksA nf]stflGqs ;/sf/sf] k|ltlglwTj k|0ffnLsf lglDt ;lykbZ slxNo} :jLsf/ ul/Og' x'Fb}g . ;ldk ykfx ;aeGbf /fd|f] af6f] la;qä lgjf{rg vk;ksx / cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf gksA o;ckV sd g} ckof{Kt x'g]5 / o;af6 lgs} /fd|f] ;/sf/sf cfjZostfnfO{ v/fa ug]{5 . oL b'O6f b:Tffa]haf6 s] yfxf kfOG5 eg] blnt ju{sf k|ltlglwTjsf ;DaGwdf 8f= cDa]8s/sf] tl/sf nlrnf] lyof] . o;sf nflu df]ndf]nfO{ ug'{ a9LeGbf a9L l/ofotsf lglDt n8\g' h?/L lyof] . pgn] uf]ndf]r ;Dd]ngdf k[ys lgjf{rg vk;ksx / k[ys k|ltlglwTjsf] dfu /fv]sf lyP . pgn] gf]e]Da/ $, !(#! df uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngsf cl3lNt/ cg'k"/s 1fkgi= k|:t't u/]sf lyP . To; 1fkgi=ek pgn] aDaO{ / db|f;df a9L k|ltlglwTjsf] dfusf lkFkS ;+3Lo ljwfg d08ndf cg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] dfu u/] . o;sf] ljlwaf/] pgn] eg]sf lyP– blnt ju{nfO{ k|fGtLo / s]Gb|Lo ljwfg d08ndf k[ys lgjf{rg ;"lrsf dfWodn] cfkm\gf k|ltlglw lgjf{lrt ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 . cNk;+Vos ljifodf lgo'Qm ;ldlt ;dIf -bf];|f] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngsf ;dodf_ gf]e]Da/ !#, !(#@ df dxfTdf ufGwLn] cNk;+Vossf ;d:ofaf/] lj:tf/k"j{s ljrf/ k|s6 u/] . pgn] blnt ju{sf ;d:of af/] klg rrf{ u/]sf lyP . blntnfO{ csf]{ ju{df /fVg] s'/f]sf] pgL lj/f]wL lyP . pgn] a8f] efjk"0f{ pb\uf/ JoQm u/]– s] c:k[Zo xd];f c:k[Zo g} /xg]5g\ < c:k[Zotf hLljt /xg'sf] ;f6f] t lxGb' wd{ ;dfKt x'g'kb{5 eGg] s'/f] d ug{ rfxG5' . ufGwLhLn] eg]M d cDa]8s/nfO{ pgsf] c:k[Zox¿nfO{ psf:g] OR5fsf] k"/f ;Ddfg ub{5' . t/ 8f= k|lt ;Ddfgsf afah'b d a8f] ljgd|tfk"j{s eGb5' ls h'g 3f]/ cGofosf jftfj/0fdf

pgn] kl/>d u/] / h'g s6' cg'ejaf6 pgL u'h]| To;n] csf]{ ljjs]nfO{ o;a]nf 9fls lbPsf] 5 . pgn] ;ldltnfO{ ljZjf; lbnfP ls d}n] ;f/f ;+;f/sf] afbzfxL kfPF klg d c:k[Zox¿sf] clwsf/sf lglDt df]ndnfO ug]{5}g . pgn] eg] hf] dflg; k[ys lgjf{rg d08n / /fhgLlts clwsf/sf s'/f u5{g\ pgnfO{ yfxf 5}g ls ef/tLo ;dfhsf] /rgf s;/L eof], oxfF blnt ju{ s;/L l5t/–lat/ ePsf] 5 jf d lxGb' ;dfhsf] lj36g ug]{ dflg;df cfkm"nfO{ zfldn ug]{5}g . olb k[ys lgjf{rg d08nsf] lj/f]w dnfO{ PSn} ug'{ k/] klg d cfkm\gf] Hofg lbP/ eP klg o;nfO{ /f]Sg]5' . k[ys lgjf{rg d08nsf] ljifodf ufGwLhLsf] lj/f]w :jfefljs g} lyof] . o;cl3 8f= cDa]8s/n] klg o;nfO{ b'O6f df}sfdf o;sf] lj/f]w ul/;s]sf lyP . pgL jo:s dtflwsf/ / Ps dtbftf ;"lrsf ;fy ;L6x¿sf] cf/If0fsf] k|:tfj af/] ljrf/ ug{sf lglDt tof/ lyP . t/ ljz]if k|ltlglwTj / /fhgLlts clwsf/af/] ufGwLåf/f lj/f]w ePsf]n] 8f=cDa]8s/ k[ys lgjf{rg d08n ljifodf emg\ b[9 / ;r]t ePsf lyP . n08gdf pgLdfly c¿ bafj / k|efj klg k/]sf xf]nfg\ . dnfO{ s] nfU5 eg] ufGwLhLn] pgL;+u a9L ;xfotfsf ;fy Jojxf/ ug'{kg]{ lyof] . pgnfO{ ;+o'Qm lgjf{rg / blntsf hg;+Vofsf] cg'kftdf cf/lIft ;L6sf] k|:tfjsf] lj/f]w gug'{kg]{ lyof]

. pgnfO{ cDa]8s/sf] of] s'/f];+u ;xdt eP/ c:k[Zotf

lg/fs/0fsf k|Zgaf/] ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ lyof] . ;Ldf lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ lyof] . pgsf] ;Dk"0f{ lj/f]wsf sf/0f g} 8f= cDa]8s/nfO{ cfuf vfF / cª\u|]hsf] d2t lng'k¥of] . cflv/ o/j8f ;Demf}Tff klg t ;+o'Qm lgjf{rg d08ndf cf/If0fsf cfwf/df eof] . j:t'tM ;L6sf] ;+Vofsf dfldnfdf of] ;Demf}tf Hofbf pbf/ lyof] . olb ufGwLhLn] bf];|f] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngcl3 8f= cDa]8s/;+u of] k|:tfj u/]sf] eP oltsf] s6'tf x'g] lyPg . t/ ufGwLhL slxn]sfFxL cfkm\gf] lh2Ldf cl8/xGy] . cDa]8s/ klg sd lh2L ePsf JolQm lyPgg\ . pgL k[ys lgjf{rg d08nsf] dfu k"/f u/fpgsf lglDt ;g\ !(#% df km]l/ O+UNof08 uPsf lyP . pgn] u/]sf] sf]lzzsf] kmn g} d}s\8f]gfN8f]sf] km};nf lyof] . h]n a:bfv]l/ ufGwLhLn] blnt ju{sf ;d:ofaf/] ljrf/ ul//xGy] . pgL /fi6«nfO{ ljeflht ug]{ la|l6z k|of;;+u lrlGtt lyP . k[ys lgjf{rg d08nn] d';ndfgdf cnufjsf]

k|j[lQ k}bf u/]sf] lyof] . of] l;vdf klg cnufjsf] k|j[lQsf] sf/0f lyof] . olb of] l;4fGt blnt ju{ ;d]t c¿ lxGb'–hfltx¿sf lglDt klg nfu" ul/of] eg] s] xf]nf < ufGwLhLnfO{ o; s'/f]sf] lrGtf lyof] . pgn] !! dfr{, !(#@ df ef/t ;lrj ;}dn' xf]/nfO{ Pp6f lrÝLdf pgn] n]v]sf lyP . To; lrÝLdf pgn] la|l6z if8oGqk|lt cfkm\gf] cfz+sf JoQm u/] . pgn] n]v] ls bf];|f] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngdf hf] s'/f] pgn] u/]sf lyP Tof] cfj]zdf ul/Psf] lyPg . To;nfO{ zflAbs sf}zn eg]/ vf/]h gul/of];\ . pgn] ef/t ;lrjnfO{ cfu|x u/] ls o; dfldnfnfO{ pgn] uDeL/ dfGb5g\ . olb la|l6z ;/sf/n] k[ys lgjf{rg d08nsf] lg0f{o u¥of] eg] -blnt ju{sf lglDt_ pgL cfd/0f cgzg ug{ tof/ x'g]5g\ . Ps dlxgfkl5 ;}Do'n xf]/n] o;sf] pQ/ lbPsf lyP . !# clk|n, !(#@ df ;lrjn] ufGwLhLnfO{ n]v] ls pgL nf]ljog dtflwsf/ ;ldltsf] l/kf]6{nfO{ k|ltIff u¿g\ . cgzg ug]{ lg0f{o ug'{ eGbfcl3 ufGwLhLn] o; ;ldltsf] l/kf]6{af/] ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ 5. o; kqn] ufGwLhLnfO{ cfZj:t ug{ ;s]g . t/ ufGwLhLn] ;/sf/nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO;s]sf lyP . /, ca pgL lg0f{osf] k|ltIff dfq ug{ ;Sby] . lg0f{o 3f]lift eO;s]kl5 pgn] cfkm\gf] o; O/fbfnfO{ bf]xf]¥ofP ls k[ys lgjf{rg d08nåf/f lxGb' ;dfh vnn k'¥ofpg] k|of;nfO{ pgn] lj/f]w ug]{5g\ . pgn] eg]M ;fob d]/f] lg0f{o zlQm kª\u eO;s]sf] 5 . cyjf o; dfldnfdf d k"0f{¿kn] untdf 5' . olb o:tf] s'/f] 5 eg] ;fob d]/f] ;Dk"0f{ hLjg bz{g g} unt 5 . o; l:yltdf cgzgåf/f d]/f] d[To' untLsf] tTsfn k|folZrt klg xf]nf . /, o;af6 tL c;+Vo tGg]/Lx¿nfO{ Pp6f af]emaf6 d'lQm klg k|fKt x'g5 ] h;n] d]/f] a'lådQfdf aRrf h:t} ljZjf; u/]sf 5g\ . ufGwLhLn] o]/j8f h]ndf cgzg ;'? u/] . pgL;+u ToxfF dxfb]j b];fO{ / ;/bf/ k6]n klg lyP . ufGwLhLn] dxfb]j b];fO{nfO{ cfkm\gf s'/f eg]sf lyP . pgsf cfkm\g} dflg;n] klg o;nfO{ dg gk/fpmnfg\ . hjfx/n] klg o;nfO{ k6Ss} dg k/fpg] 5}gg\ . of] wfld{stf ca w]/} eO;s]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f] pgn] unf{g\ . t/ ufGwL cfkm\gf] s'/f]df olt b[9 lyP . pgn] ;DefJo cfnf]rgfnfO{ dxŸj lbPgg\ . o; lsl;dsf ljifodf untkmxdL k}bf x'g] jf unt cy{ nufpg] xd];f ;Defjgf x'G5 .

hjfx/ nfn g]x¿sf af/] ufGwLhLsf] c8sn lans'n} ;xL lyof] . pgnfO{ o; cgzg / c:k[Zotf pGd"ngsf k|Zgaf/] kl5sf] cgzgaf6 lgs} k/]zfg lyP . hjfx/ nfnn] ;f]Rby] ls of] :jtGqtfsf] k|d'v k|Zgaf6 Wofg x6fpg] xf] . ;'efifsf] klg o:t} k|ltls|of lyof] . oBlk ufGwLhLsf] tk:ofsf] kmn:j¿k ;fdflhs b[Zodf hf] kl/jt{g eof] To;af6 pgLx¿ k|efljt ePsf lyP . ufGwL–xf]/aLr ePsf] kqfrf/ k|sflzt eof] . of] k9]/ cDa]8s/ ltg5s k/]sf lyP . pgnfO{ s] nfUof] eg] olb o:tf] s'g} ju{ 5 h;nfO{ cfkm\gf] /Iffsf lglDt ljz]if /fhgLlts clwsf/ lbg] cfjZotf 5 eg] Tof] blnt ju{ g} xf] . of] ju{n] cl:tTjsf] s6' ;+3if{df cfkm\gf] /Iff klg ug{ ;Sb}g . h'g wd{df pgLx¿nfO{ afFlwPsf] 5 To;n] pgLx¿nfO{ ;Ddfghgs :yfg lbg' ;f6f] o:tf] sf]9L agfO lbG5 hf] ls ;fdfGo s'/fsfgLsf of]Uo klg 5}gg\ . cfly{s b[[li6af6 klg of] ju{ ;j0f{ lxGb'df k"0f{tM lge{/ 5 . lxGb' ;dfhn] o;sf] nflu cTofrf/af6 aRgsf lglDt ;f/f af6f aGb ul//x]sf 5g\ . blnt ju{n] sxL ;'ljwfx¿ k|fKt u/]sf lyP . cDa]8s/n] logsf] /Iff ug]{ b[9 ;+sNk u/] . t/ pgsf] dg 9'+uf h:tf] ;fx|f] lyPg . pgn] /fi6«sf] bfaLsf] pk]Iff ug{ ;Sb}gy] . pgdf ;dtfsf] tLj| rfxgf lyof] . t/ ;a} v/fa ;dodf cfkm\gf] ;kgfsf] ef/tk|lt pgsf] k|]d ;aeGbf dfly x'GYof] . o; cfnf]rgfsf] pQ/ lb+b} pgn] ;+o'Qm lgjf{rg d08n / cf/lIft ;L6x¿sf] ufGwL k|:tfjnfO{ 7's/fP . 8f= cDa]8s/n] eg] ls ufGwLhLn] o; lsl;dsf] s'g} k|:tfj k|:t't u/]sf lyPgg . ufGwLn] k[ys lgjf{rg d08nsf] lj/f]w t u/], u/] . a? blnt ju{sf lglDt s'g} klg lsl;dsf] ljz]if k|ltlglwTjnfO{ klg cl:jsf/ u/]sf lyP . jo:s dtflwsf/df cfwfl/t gfd lgjf{rg ;"lr cGtu{t ef]6sf] clwsf/ afx]s pgL blnt ju{nfO{ s'g} l/ofot lbg tof/ lyPgg\ . cfkm\gf] l:ylt :ki6 ub}{ 8f= cDa]8s/n] eg] ls blntsf clwsf/sf] ;'/Iffsf lglDt ;+j}wflgs ;'lglZrttf x'g'kg]{ cfkm\gf] lh2LnfO{ pgL 5f]8\g ;Sb}gy] . olb ufGwL k[ys lgjf{rg d08ndf cfwfl/t lg0f{odf kl/jt{g ug{ rfxG5g eg] pgn] blnt ju{sf lglDt plrt ;'lglZrttf k|bfg ug'{kg]{ 5 .

8f= cDa]8s/nfO{ lgs} bafa kb}{ lyof] . cª\u|]hsf] ;dy{g kfP/ pgL cfkm\gf] s'/f]df cl8u /xg ;Sby] . pgn] hfltjfbdf cfwfl/t ;dfhk|ltsf] 3[0ffnfO{ c¿ ;a s'/feGbf dfly /fVg ;Sby] . olb pgn] o:Tff] u/]sf] eP sf] Gofolk|o JolQmn] pgnfO{ bf]if nufpg ;SYof] < t/ pgn] o:tf] u/]gg\ . pgn] bf];|f] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngsf] cj;/df o; ljifonfO{ lnP/ ufGwLsf] lj/f]w u/]sf lyP . olQs}df ;f/fsf–;f/f /fi6«jfbL kqklqsfn] pgnfO{ b]zb|f]xL eg]/ lj/f]w u/]sf lyP . :jefjtM cDa]8s/nfO{ of] dg k/]g . o; abgfdLn] pgnfO{ ;tfO /Xof] . t}klg pgn] 5f]6f]kg b]vfPgg\ . oBlk of] ljifo ;dfKt eO;s]sf] 5 eGg] ;f]r]/ pgL cfkm\gf] c8fgdf cl8u x'g ;Sby] . pgn] j}slNks k|:Tffjaf/] ljrf/ ug]{ tTk/tf b]vfP . ufGwLhLn] ;j0f{ lxGb'x¿sf] ;'t]sf] cfTdfnfO{ hufP/ cfkm"nfO{ uf}/flGjt u/] . t/ d]/f] lj/f]wdf 8f= cDa]8s/n] u/]sf] sfd Hofbf dxfg lyof] . pgn] cfkm"nfO{ cGofosf lj?4 ysfO gdfg]{ ;+3if{zLn JolQmsf ¿kdf / dxfg ef/tLo l;4 u/] . dxfTdf ufGwLn] :jo+ …lxGb'Ú sf ;+jfbbftfnfO{ eg]sf lyP M ælxGb'x¿nfO{ ztfAbLb]lvsf] kfksf] b08 lbgsf lglDt cDa]8s/ cfkm\gf] s'/f]df cl8/xg ;Sy] . olb pgn] o:tf] u/]sf] eP dnfO{ pgLk|lt s'g} l;sfot x'g] lyPg . /, d]/f] d[To' lxGb'x¿åf/f cul0ft k':t}–k':tfdf ul/Psf cTofrf/sf] dfd'nLh:tf] d"No g} x'g] lyof] . t/ pgn] pbf/tfsf] z}nL ckgfP / Ifdfsf] cg';/0f u/] h;sf] ;a} wd{df k|fjwfg 5 . d rfxG5' ls ;j0f{ lxGb'n] cfkm"nfO{ o; Ifdfsf kfq l;å ug]{5g\ . /, ;Demf}tfnfO{ cfkm\gf tdfd lglxtfy{sf ;fy zAbzM / :jefjtM kfng ug]{5g\ .Æ ;Demf}tfsf] /fhgLlts efu dxŸjk"0f{ 5 . t}klg ;'wf/sf lj:t[t If]qdf o;sf] :yfg lgs} ;fgf] 5 eGg] ufGwLsf] egfO lyof] . pgn] eg] ls xfd|f] nIo tL ;a ;fdflhs / wfld{s czQmnfO{ x6fpg'kg]{ h;n] ubf{ ul/a ju{ kLl8t 5g\ . :jtGqtfsf] ;Gb]z ;a}sf 3/df k'Ug'kb{5 eGg] pgn] 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP . s]xL ;do;Dd o:tf] nfUbYof] ufGwL / cDa]8s/aLr d]n eO;s]sf] 5 . /, b'j} ldn]/ lxGb' ;dfhsf v/faLx¿ ;dfKt ug{ cfkm\gf] zlQm nufpnfg\ . dxfTdf ufGwLsf] pbf/ dgsf] emns cDa]8s/n] kfO;s]sf lyP . pgn] ljZjf; k|s6 u/] ls oBlk pgL s]xL ljifodf ufGwL;+u c;xdt 5g\ . blnt ju{sf af/] pgsf] Odfgbf/Ldf z+sf ug'{ cgu{n x'g]5 . kl5Nnf s]xL jif{x¿df dxfTdf ufGwLsf] ;Dks{ ePkl5 pgn] of] sNkgf ug{

;Sb}gg\ ls ufGwLhLn] /fi6«sf b[li6n] g;f]r]/ ;j0f{ lxGb'x¿sf] b[li6 jf s'g} c¿ b[li6n] ;f]Rb5g\ . pgsf lglDt /fi6«jfb cfn+sfl/s zAb xf]Og . of] t pgsf] k|f0fjfo' xf] . tL b'j} tkm{af6 o:tf] ;b\efj lyof] . t/ s'GgL s] sf/0f xf] b'j} g]tfaLrsf] ;xof]u w]/} lbg /x]g < b'j} km]l/ Pscsf{sf] lj/f]wL lsg eP / pgLx¿n] cGt;Dd Pscsf{lt/ cfslif{t lsg eO /x] < dnfO{ nfU5, tLgj6f sf/0fn] ubf{ ;dfg clei6 nIosf lglDt pgLx¿n] ldn]/ sfd ug{ ;s]gg\ . o; v/faLsf] ljZn]if0fdf b'j}aLr d"n b[li6e]b g} klxnf] sf/0f lyof] . ufGwLhLn] w]/} jif{;Dd ;fgf]–7"nf]sf] s|d tyf c:k[ZotfaLrsf] ;DaGw a'em\g ;s]gg\ . pgL hflt k|yfsf ;dy{s lyP . o;sf] d"n rf/ j0f{ Joj:yf lyof] . j0f{ s] xf] / o;af/] lglZrt / :ki6 sNkgf dxfTdf ufGwLnfO{ 5}g eGg] 8f= cDa]8s/sf] egfO lyof] . cfkm\gf n]vn] ubf{ dxfTdf ufGwLn] emg\ pnem\fPsf] 5 eGg] pgnfO{ nfUof] . pgn] hfltsf k|Zgaf/] uf]ndf]r s'/f ug]{ eg]/ ufGwLnfO{ cf/f]k nufPsf lyP . ufGwLhLn] s;nfO{ v'zL kfg{ rfxg'x'G5 < s] ;Gtsf] af6f]df /fhg]tf tuf/f] ePsf 5g\ < s] hflt ;d:ofsf] ;TonfO{ u|x0f ug{ ;Gt c;Ifd eO;s]sf 5g\ < oL k|Zg / o:t} s}of}+ k|Zgn] cDa]8s/nfO{ k/]zfg ub}{ lyP . pgn] ufGwLsf] /x:ojfb / cGwljZjf;k"0f{ ts{xLg jQmJon] pgL rSs/df k/] . sfFu|];L g]tf /fhgLlts dha'/Lsf sf/0f / ufGwLsf] nf]slk|otf tyf pgLdfly cfkm\gf] lge{/tfsf sf/0f ufGwLnfO{ pk]Iff ug{ ;Sby] . t/ cDa]8s/sf lglDt eg] of] k|Zg hLjg– d/0fsf] k|Zg lyof] . pgn] hfltsf k|Zgdf ufGwLsf cg]s k/Dk/f lj/f]wL jQmJonfO{ pk]lIft ug{ ;Sb}gy] . ;g\ !(#^ df 8f= cDa]8s/n] eg]sf lyP ls ufGwLhLsf ljrf/sf] c:ki6tfsf sf/0f pgsf] afn–;'ne :jefj xf] . pgsf ;a} s'/df aRrf h:t} ;/ntf x'G5 / aRrfh:t} grflxg] s'/f]df ljZjf; ug]{ Ifdtf pgdf 5 . ctM ha;Dd ufGwLn] j0f{sf af/] cfkm\gf] wf/0ff 5f]8\b}gg h;/L pgn] hfltsf] jt{dfg :j¿ksf ;DaGwdf cfkm\gf] wf/0f 5f]8]sf lyP Tolt a]nf;Dd k|ltIff ug'{kg]{ 5 . cDa]8s/n] of] klg eg] ls ufGwLdf :ki6 lrGtgsf] cefj lyof] . o;sf cltl/Qm pgL bf]xf]/f] e"ldsf lgjf{xsf klg bf]ifL 5g\ . Psflt/ dxfTdfhLsf] e"ldsf / csf]{lt/ /fhg]tfsf]

e"ldsf . pgn] /fhgLltnfO{ cfWofTdLs/0f ub}{ 5g\ . o;df pgL ;kmn eP jf ePgg\ . t/ /fhgLltn] pgnfO{ Joj;foLs/0f eg] cjZo u/fPsf] 5 . /fhg]tfnfO{ yfxf 5 . ;dfhsf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:onfO{ ;xg] Ifdtf x'Fb}g . ctM ;Dk"0f{ ;To hf] tLtf] x'G5 To;nfO{ slxNo} klg eGg' x'Fb}g . lxGb' unt cfbz{ af]s]/ lxF8b} 5g\ / pgLx¿sf] ;fdflhs hLjg klg unt 5 eGg] cDa]8s/sf] ljZjf; lyof] . cDa]8s/ 1fgsL b]jLsf pkf;s lyP . of] s'/f] d hf]8bf/sf eGg rfxG5' . ufGwLhLn] 1fgsf] cjd"Nog u/]sf 5g\ . /, o;sf] 7fpFdf cGwljZjf;, cGw>4f / ts{xLgtfnfO{ :yflkt u/]sf 5g\ . o; s'/f]df cDa]8s/sf] b[9 ljZjf; lyof] . cDa]8s/sf] egfO 5 ls ufGwL cfpg'cl3 oxfF b'O6f k|d'v bnx¿ lyP . /, ltgsf k|e'Tjsf lglDt xf]8afhL ub}{ lyP . Pp6f pbf/ u'6 lyof] . o;df sfFu|];sf] clwkTo lyof] . csf]{ cft+sjfbL u'6 lyof] . s'g} klg JolQm lzIff dfq geP/ pRr :t/sf] ljåtf clh{t gu/]/ dxŸjk"0f{ kb k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}gYof] . cWoog u/]/ gfpF gsdfpFbf;Dd s'g} klg JolQm pbf/ bnsf] g]t[Tj k+lQmdf k|j]z ug{ kfpFb}gYof] . cft+sjfbLx¿n] klg cToGt s8f s;f}6L lgwf{l/t u/]sf lyP . s'g} klg w"t{ dflg; To; bndf k|j]z ug{ kfpFb}gYof] . cft+sjfbLx¿n] klg cToGt s8f s;f}6L lgwf{l/t u/]sf lyP . s'g} klg w"t{ dflg; To; bndf k|j]z ug{ ;Sb}gYof] . ufGwLsf tl/sfnfO{ pkxf; ub}{ cDa]8s/n] eg] ls l;len gfkm/dflgsf lglDt ljåtfsf] cfjZostf lyPg . To;df Hofg lbg] lxDdt klg rflxb}gYof] . ufGwLhLn] ljåtf gePsf / clGtd b08 ef]Ug grfxg] ;a}sf nflu af6f] v'nf ul/lbPsf lyP . cDa]8s/sf] of] ljZn]if0f ;fFRrf] s'/f]df cfwfl/t lyof] . t/ pgn] cfkm\g} lsl;dn] ufGwLhLsf] k|z+;f klg ub}{ lyP . j:t'tM of] lzi6 ju{sf] /fhgLltnfO{ ;j{;fwf/0f hg ;d'bfosf] /fhgLltdf abNg] ;jf]{Qd tl/sf lyof] . dnfO{ slxn]sfFxL s] nfU5 eg] 8f=cDa]8s/ o:tf z}lIfs s'nLgtGqsf ;dy{s lyP hf] afx'gjfbsf] l;4fGt h:t} hGddf cfwfl/t lyPg . a? of]Uotf / u'0fjQfdf cfwfl/t lyof] . ufGwL s'nLgtGqsf k|z+;s lyP . z}lIfs s'nLgtGq / ;fdflhs ultzLntfaLr ;dGjo x'g'kb{5 eGg] cDa]8s/sf] OR5f lyof] . pgL ;dfg cj;/sf l;4fGt Jojxfl/s ¿kn] sfd ug{ ;Sg] ;dftfd"ns ;dfh :yfkgf ug{ rfxGy] . ;dfg cj;/sf l;4fGt u}/a/fa/L ePsf] ;dfhsf] s'g} cy{ x'Fb}g eGg] pgsf] a'emfO lyof] .

8f=cDa]8s/ klZrdL pbf/ nf]stflGqs cfbz{jfbaf6 w]/} k|efljt ePsf lyP . pgL 1fgsf ef]sf lyP . /, ljåtfk|lt pgsf] dgdf a8f] ;Ddfg lyof] . pgL /fgf8]sf] ljrf/ k|0ffnLsf ;dy{s lyP . t/ of] pgsf] rl/qsf] k"0f{ kl/ro eg] xf]Og . afaf ;fx]a cDa]8s/n] lxGb' ;dfh Joj:yfnfO{ lans'n} dg k/fpFb}gy] . o;df hfltsf cg]sfg]s l;+9Lx¿ 5g\ . /, o;n] ;dfhsf tNnf] ju{nfO{ bf; agfpg] sfd ub{5 . pgn] pRr lzIff k|fKt u/]sf lyP . pgdf dxfg k|ltef lyof] . t}klg ;j0f{ lxGb'x¿åf/f pgnfO{ lgs} ckdflgt ul/of] . x/]s :t/df pgnfO{ x]lkof] . pgL cg';"lrt hflt / blntsf] l:ylt ;'wfg{ sl6aå lyP . pgL ;fdflhs ;dtfsf] cfbz{k|lt ;dlk{t lyP . /, pgL cGofo / zf]if0fsf lj?4 cfhLjg k|of;/t lyP . cDa]8s/sf] ;xfg'e"lt ltnssf ljrf/wf/fl;t lyPg . To; ljrf/wf/fdf a|fXd0f hfltsf] c+xsf/ / >]i7tf u|GyLsf] k|e'Tj lyof] . /, o;n] k'/ftg kGyL ljrf/nfO{ /Iff ug{sf lglDt cfkm\gf] zlQm nufO/xsf] lyof] . k|lzIf0f / dfgl;s em'sfjsf b[li6n] cDa]8s/ ;+j}wflgs nf]stGqjfbL lyP . olb pgn] ;fdflhs e]befj / cGofosf lj?4 k|lt/f]w / l;len gfkm/dflgsf] af6f] gckgfPsf] eP kl/l:yltsf ljjztfn] g} pgn] o:tf] sfd u/]sf lyP . pgsf] ;Tofu|xdf cf:Yff eP/ of] sfd kSs} klg u/]sf xf]Ogg\ . j:t'tM pgn] of] af6f] dg k/fPsf lyPgg\ . /, pgn] ;+j}wflgs kl/jt{gnfO{ plrt 7fGby] . pgnfO{ lx+;fTds qmflGtdf klg ljZjf; lyPg . pgL nf]stGqsf s§/ ;dy{s lyP . jo:s dtflwsf/, :jtGq / lgikIf r'gfjsf] cfwf/df nf]stflGqs kl/jt{gdf pgsf] cbDo ljZjf; lyof] . pgn] cfkm\gf cg'ofoL dlxnf–k'?ifdf dtbfgsf] cg'zf;gsf] efjgf e/] . of] x]g]{ nfos lyof] . blnt dtflwsf/nfO{ k|efjsf/L tl/sfn] ;f]2]Zo pkef]u ug'{kb{5 eGg]] pgsf] hLjgsf] oxL OR5f lyof] . d SofDk;df egf{ ePF . Toltv]/ Tof] d]/f lglDt Pp6f gofF ;+;f/ lyof] . dleq /fhgLlts r]tgf hfu[t eof] . /, d}n] /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngdf ?lr lng yfn]F . d}n] ;dfrf/ / kqklqsf Wofg lbP/ k9\g nfu]F . d /fhgLlts ;ef ePsf 7fpFx¿df hfg] ub{y] . Tof] a]nf k|fGtdf sfFu|];Lsf] ;/sf/ lyof] . k'gfsf] uf]vn] ;efu[xdf 8f= cDa]8s/n] Pp6f ;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/] . Tolta]nf pgL aDaO{ ljwfg ;efsf ;b:o / Ol08o]G8]06 kf6L{sf g]tf lyP . ;g\ !(#&–#( sf] cjlwdf ;+3Lo zf;gsf] of]hgf rrf{sf] d'Vo ljifo x'g] ub{Yof] . 8f= cDa]8s/sf]

of] lk|o ljifo lyof] . ;efu[x vrfvr el/Psf] lyof] . d / d]/f ;fyLx¿n] aflx/ a;]/ ;'Gg] 7fpF kfof}{F . efif0f ;'Gg ;s"g\ eg]/ dfOs|f]kmf]g nufOPsf] lyof] . of] xfd|f] ;f}efUo g} lyof] .

8f=cDa]8s/ ;fdfGo cy{df jQmf lyPgg\ . ;fdfGotM cfd ¿kdf b]lvg] efif0f sf}zn pgdf lyPg . t}klg pgL cf]h:jL jfsk6' lyP . d'Ssf 3'dfpg] jf gf}6+sL ug]{ pgsf] afgL lyPg . >f]tfx¿nfO{ :tlDet ug{ kfpFbf pgnfO{ dhf cfpFYof] . pgsf efif0f ljrf/f]Q]hs x'Gy] . /, ;fj{hlgs hLjgsf kfv08nfO{ kbf{kmf; ug'{ pgsf lglDt lk|o lyP . ufGwL / ufGwLjfbl;t pgnfO{ ljz]if ?lr lyPg . pgdf pgLsf]k|lt l/; klg lyof] . ufGwL o'udf c1fg, cGw>4f / wfld{s pT;fxsf] Hofbf dxŸj lyof] eGg] pgsf] ljZjf; lyof] . pgn] ufGwLsf] tLvf] cfnf]rgf ub{y] . / , pgn] dfGby] ls ufGwLn] oyfl:yltjfb / a'l4jfb–ljd'vtfnfO{ k|f]T;fxfg u/]sf 5g\ . o;sf] ljk/Lt pgL /fgf8] / pgsf] ljBf–k|]dsf k|z+;s lyP . pgsf] b[li6df ufGwLsf] pbosf] cy{ lyof] a'l4jfbsf] x|f;, /fhgLlts ;d:ofk|lt cfj]u/lxt b[li6 / 1fg k|rf/sf] efjgfsf] cGt . oL d]/f lgisif{ x'g\ . /, of] klxnf] efif0f ;'g]/ oL lgisif{ lgl:sPsf x'g\ . ;+3Lo of]hgfsf bf]ifaf/] ljåtfk"0f{ k|sf; kfg'{sf ;fy} cDa]8s/n] 1fgsL b]jLnfO{ >4fGhnL lbP . /, pgn] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngdf ufGwLsf] e"ldsfnfO{ cfnf]rgf u/] . cDa]8s/n] uf]vn]sf] :d[ltdf …:yflkt uf]vn] /fhgLlts Pj+ cy{zf:q ;+:yfgÚ sf ;+:yfksnfO{ awfO{ lbPsf lyP . pgn] eg] ls uf]vn] cfkm\gf] ljifosf] uxg cWoog ub{y] . pgn] eg] ls h;nfO{ ljBf / cWoogdf ?lr 5 uf]vn]k|lt pgL ;a}sf] cfef/L x'g'kb{5 . of] ;+:yfg dxfg p3]Zo lnP/ rNb} 5 . cyf{t\ 1fgsf] vf]h ug'{ / To;nfO{ dflg;sf lglDt pknAw u/fpg' . 1fg Pp6f zlQm xf] eGg] ljrf/ pgsf] lyof] . 1fgsf] cfjZostfdf pgLnfO{ ljZjf; lyof] . /, 1fgsf] ;fwgf ;lhnf] 5}g eGg] s'/f] klg pgnfO{ yfxf lyof] . cDa]8s/n] efif0fsf] cGtlt/ ufGwLsf s'/f sf6] . bf];|f] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngdf ;+j}wflgs k|Zg 7Ls tl/sfn] k|:t't gu/]sf]n] pgn] ufGwLhLsf] cfnf]rgf u/]sf lyP . o; 7fpFdf k'u]/ ufGwLhLn] cfkm\gf] :j/ cln a9fPsf lyP . oltsf jif{ lat] klg Tof] :j/sf] :d/0f cem} dnfO{ tfh} 5 . pgsf] k|ltkfbgdf cltl/Qm an cfPsf] lyof] . cDa]8/n] Jo+Uo ub}{ eg]sf lyPM

æha pgL n08g k'u] ta pgsf cl3 tL dflg; x'g]5}gg\ hf] xd];f pgsf glhs} ;Nnfx jf cfzLjf{b lng cfpFy] eGg] s'/f] pgn] la;]{ . a? h;n] pgnfO{ o:tf k|Zg unf{g\ h;/L jlsnn] s63/fdf pFlePsf] ;fIfL;+u u5{g\ . o:tf dflg; xf]nfg\ . pgn] of] klg la;]{ ls pgL Pp6f /fhgLlts ;Dd]ngdf hfb} 5g\

. pgL ToxfF o;/L uP h;/L j}igj dlGb/df g/;L

d]xtfsf] ehg ufpg uO/x]sf 5g\ .Æ ToxfF /fli6«o ;Demf}tfaf/] s'/f] ug'{ kg]{ lyof] . o;sf lglDt pgLeGbf cof]Uo JolQm csf]{ s'g} x'g ;Sb}gYof] . k|fGtLo :jfoQtfsf] afrfn] ubf{ pgL df]lxt lyP . pgL af]s|f lnP/ cfpg tof/ eO;s]sf lyP . hals pgnfO{ u'bLaf/] jftf{ ug{ k7fOPsf] lyof] .

8f= cDa]8s/n] To;kl5 /fgf8] / ufGwL o'usf] t'ngf u/] . pgn] eg] ls gofF o'usf ljz]iftfx¿ x'g\– cw{–gf+uf] g]tf, a'l4jfb tyf cg'ejsf 7fpFdf leqL cfjfhsf] zf;g . pgn] eg] ls /fgf8] o'u o:tf] o'u lyof] h;df dflg; ulDe/ cWoog / hLjgsf jf:tljstfsf] vf]hdf cfkm\gf] zlQm vr{ ub{y] . pgL ¿9LjfbLsf lj?4 pFleP/ hLjg / rl/qnfO{ cfkm\gf] vf]hsf] kl/0ffdsf] k|sfzdf abNg] sf]lzz ub{y] . ufGwL o'udf 1fgfcfh{gnfO{ lt/:sf/sf gh/n] gx]l/P klg /fhg]tfsf lglDt o;nfO{ cfjZos of]Uotf dflgb}gYof] . ufGwL o'u ef/tsf] cGwsf/ o'u lyof] . cDa]8s/sf] efif0f ;'g]/ d lgs} k|efljt ePF . d}n] pgsf] s'/f]sf] ;xL cg'dfg ta nufPF ha d}n] z+s//fj b]j, k|km'NnrGb| 3f]if, afn'efO d]xtf / sltko ufGwLjfbLx¿nfO{ b]v]F . /, ljrf/ u/]F ls s;/L sd{sf08, jt{, ef]hg ;DaGwL k|of]u, bfx|L / n'+uL, tk:of / ;fwgfsf] c+xsf/n] 1fg / ljBfnfO{ lgln;s]sf] lyof] . oL ;a} lzlIft JolQmx¿ lyP . pgLx¿sf] cfTdTofu z+sfsf] aflx/ lyof] . tyflk pgLx¿df b[li6sf]0fsf] ;+s'lrttf / cfWoflTds cx+sf/ lyof] . o;nfO{ b]v]/ 3[0ff x'GYof] . tl:a/sf] csf]{ pHhjn kIf klg lyof] . ufGwLn] ljzfn d"s hgtfsf] r]tgf hufP . c;xfo / lgxTyf ;j{;fwf/0f hg;d'bfonfO{ la|l6z zf;g Joj:Yffsf lj?4 tof/ u/] . /, ;j0f{ lxGb'x¿nfO{ s]xL k|folZrt ug{ afWo kf/] . ;fdflhs ;+3if{df lng 8f= cDa]8s/n] o;nfO{ To; ¿kdf b]Vg ;s]gg\ h'g ¿kdf d}n] b]v]F . d]/f] of] ljZjf; ;sf/0f g} xf]

. clwsf+z sfFu|];Ln] blntsf ;d:of a'em\b}gy] . pgLx¿k|lt ;fFRrf] ;xfg'e"lt klg pgLx¿df lyPg . t/ ufGwLhLdf To;k|lt ;xh ;dembf/L / ulx/f] ;xfg'e"lt klg lyof] . cDa]8s/sf w]/}h;f] ;dsfnLg sf+u|;Lx¿n] pgnfO{ cx+sf/L JolQm dfGby] . t/ ljåtfsf cl3 pgL k"0f{ ljgoL lyP . /fgf8]sf] ljgd|tfsf] klg pgL a8f] k|z+;s lyP . ;+ljwfg ;efdf ;+ljwfgaf/] nfdf] ax; ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 pgn] c¿k|lt hf] pb\uf/ k|s6 u/]sf lyP Tof] d]/f] o; sygsf] k|df0f xf] . pgn] eg] ha ;+ljwfg ;efn] dnfO{ k|f¿k ;ldltsf lglDt /f]Hof] .

Toltv]/ dnfO{ lgs} cfZro{ ePsf] lyof] . dnfO{ emg\ cfZro{ eof] ha dnfO{ To; ;ldltsf] cWoIf agfOof] . oBlk deGbf lgs} c;n / Hofbf of]Uo JolQm klg ToxfF lyP . h:t} d]/f ldq cnfbL s[i0f:jfdL cKk/ . pgn] ;f/f k|fylds tof/L ug{sf lglDt aL=P;= /fjsf] k|+z;f u/] . gofF ;"qsf] vf]hL, ;lxi0f'tf / ;xof]usf] efjgfsf lglDt ;xof]uLx¿sf] klg k|z+;f u/] . gofF ;"qsf] d'Vo k|f¿k, Pg=Pg, d'vhL{k|lt k|z+;fTds pb\uf/ k|s6 ub}{ pgn] eg] sl7g kl/>d ug]{ pgsf] Ifdtf Pj+ cToGt hl6n k|:tfjnfO{ ;/n / :ki6 ljlw zAbfjnLdf k|:t't ug]{ pgsf] of]Uotf a]hf]8 lyof] . pgn] sfFu|];L bnsf] cg'zf;g / c¿nfO{ xd];f plrt ;Ddfg lbg] afa' /fh]Gb| k|;fbsf] dxŸj klg k|z+;f u/] . xf]Og, cDa]8s/ cx+sf/L lyPgg\ . hGd / c;dfgtfdf cfwfl/t afx'gjfbL Joj:yfsf] cfbz{nfO{ pgn] 3[0ff ub{y] . pgn] s'g} tl/sfn] sfFu|];L;+u hf]8]sf] d"NonfO{ dg k/fpFb}gy] . ufGwLn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] sfFu|];LnfO{ h:Tff] ls ;a}nfO{ yfx} 5– k'FhLjfbLx¿sf] ;dy{g lyof] .

3gZofdbf; la8nf pgsf cu|0fL lyP . cDa]8s/sf] dgdf Jofkf/L ju{ / pgsf ;aeGbf pRr ;b:ok|lt ljt[i0ff lyof] . cDa]8s/ ufGwLb]lv 6f9} lyP . o;sf] csf]{ sf/0f lyof]– o]/j8f ;Demf}tfsf jra4tfnfO{ nfu" ul/Pg . cDa]8s/n] k[ys lgjf{rg d08nsf] ;f6f] ;L6sf] cf/If0f / bnLt ju{nfO{ dfq k|fylds r'gfjsf] Joj:yf :jLsf/ ul/;s]sf lyP . t/ c;nL s'/f] of] lyof] ls blnt ju{ h'g czQmtfsf l;sf/ lyP, To;nfO{ rfF8} ;dfKt ug'{ lyof] . l;tDa/ @@, !(#@ df ufGwLn] cDa]8s/nfO{ jrg lbP ls ;a} c:k[Zo Ps eP eg] pgn] ;gftgLx¿sf] u0fnfO{ af?bn] p8fpg]5g\ . pgn] eg] ls ;a} blnt ldn]/ ;gftgLsf

lj?4 ljb|f]x ug'{kg]{ 5 . t/ cgzg ;dfKt x'gf ;fy c:k[Zotf lgjf/0f ug]{ sfd l9nf;':tL x'g yfNof] . o;n] ubf{ cDa]8s/ lgs} If'Aw eP . pgn] dlGb/ k|j]z / ;xef]hh:Tff sfddf hf]8 lbg rfxGgy] . a? blnt ju{sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs / z}lIfs l:ylt ;'wf/ ug]{ s'/f]df hf]8 lbg rfxGy] . ufGwLhLnfO{ :j+o klg o; l9nf;':tL cjut lyof] . pgL pkjf; a;] . pgn] …xl/hg ;]js ;+3Ú sf] :yfkgf u/] . ;fdfGo jftfj/0fdf s]xL kl/jt{g eof] . t/ o;df cDa]8s/ jf ;fdflhs kl/jt{gnfO{ dxŸj lbg] s'g} c¿ JolQmnfO{ ;Gtf]if x'g] s'/} lyPg . hfltsf k|Zgdf ufGwLsf ljrf/ kSs} klg kl/jt{g ePsf] lyof] . of] kl/jt{g tsf{l>t / ;Dos lyPg . t/ pgL lj:tf/} ;d:ofx¿sf] ;xL lgbfglt/ a9\b} lyP . Psflt/ pgL c:k[Zotf lgwf{/0fsf lglDt ;xef]h / cGthf{tLo ljjfx h?/L 5}g eGg] s'/fdf b[9 lyP . csf]{lt/ pgn] eGg yfn] ls ;xef]h / cGthf{tLo ljjfxsf] s'g} zf:qdf lgif]w ul/Psf] e]l6Pg . oL b'j} sfd wd{ lj?4 5}gg\ . ca pgnfO{ hflt pGd"ngdf s'g} cfklQ lyPg . t/ clxn];Dd j0f{ l;4fGtnfO{ pgn] dfg]s} lyP . pgn] dhb'/ g]tf 8f= ;'/]z a}ghL{nfO{ n]v]sf lyP ls hflt ;fdflhs v/faL xf] / hflt Joj:yf ;dfKt ul/Og'kb{5 eGg] pgL;+u o; s'/f]df ;xdlt k|s6 u/] .

8f=cDa]8s/ oL k/:k/ lj/fwL / e8\lsnf el/Psf] 3f]if0ffaf6 ;Gtf]if lyPgg\ . pgL lxGb' ;dfhnfO{ ;'wfg]{ s'/f]df lg/fz eP . ;g\ !(#%–#& kl5 pgn] lxGb' wd{ 5f]8\g] s'/f] ;f]Rg yfn] . o;af6 ufGwLhL a8f] b'MvL eP . pgn] cDa]8s/nfO{ pk]Iff ug{ yfn] . oltdfq xf]Og, pgsf ljrf/k|lt klg pgL z+sfn' eP . ufGwL / cDa]8s/sf] s'/f] gldNg] t];|f] sf/0f lyof] blnt ju{sf] d'lQm / pgsf] g]t[Tjsf af/] b'j}df dte]b . s'g} klg sfd ;fgf] / 7"nf] x'Fb}g eGg] ufGwLhLsf] ljrf/ lyof] . oL sfdsf ;fy hf] ;fdflhs sn+s hf]l8Psf] 5 Tof] v/fa xf] eGg] ufGwLhLsf] egfO lyof] . pgLn] :jo+ klg w]/} y/Lsf sfd u/]sf lyP . pgn] cfkm"nfO{ xl/hg / e+uL dfGby] . pgsf cg'ofoLn] rf}kfofsf / dnd"q p7fpFbf l3g dfGby] . s;}n] t rdf/sf] sfd klg u/]sf lyP . t/ cDa]8s/sf] b[li6df

s]xL ;j0f{n] o:tf] sfdsf] s'g} dxŸj 5}g eGg] cDa]8s/sf] a'emfO lyof] . blnt ju{sf lglDt ;a} wGwfx¿ vf]Ng'kb{5 eGg] pgsf] ljrf/ lyof] . pgn] ljBfyL{sf lglDt ljb]zsf] 5fqj[lQsf lglDt ;+3if{ u/] . tfls pgLx¿ hLjge/ rk/f;L eO/xg' gk/f];\ . pgn] tL ljBfyL{, 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/ j}1flgs ag"g\ eGg] pgsf] rfxgf lyof] . pgLx¿ ;Qfdf ;xefuL xf]pmg\ ufGwL / cDa]8s/aLr ePsf] lglDglnlvt jftf{nfk o; ;Gbe{df pNn]vgLo 5 M cDa]8s/—

d c:k[Zotfsf k|Zgdf xf]Og, pgLx¿sf] /fhgLlts ;d:ofaf/] ljrf/ ug{ cfPsf] x'F .

ufGwL—

o;af/] d s'/f ug{ ;lSbgF . d]/f] lbdfun] o; lbzfdf sfd ul//x]sf] 5}g .

cDa]8s/—

d Odfgbf/L k"j{s s] eGb5' eg] dlGb/ k|j]z / ;xef]hh:tf sfddf d]/f] s'g} ?lr 5}g . lsgeg] o;af6 dnfO{ gf]S;fg x'G5 . ;j0f{ lxGb'x¿sf] zlQm ePsf] eP pgLx¿n] c5"tnfO{ gf]s/ /fVby] . t/ o:tf] ePg . ctM dnfO{ dlGb/ k|j]zdf s'g} ?lr 5}g . d rfxG5' ls pgLx¿sf] ;fdflhs / cfly{s sl7gfOx¿ ;dfKt xf];\ .

-o;kl5 cDa]8s/n] cfkm"n] ef]u]sf s]xL b'MVvsf s'/fx¿ ;'gfPsf lyP ._ cDa]8s/—

d}n] aDaO{df kf]6{–6«i6 rfn afx]s st} a:g] 7fpF kfpFb}g . cfkm\gf] ufpFdf dnfO{ dxf/aLrdf g} /xg'kb{5 . k'gfdf ;a} cfkm\gf ;fyLx¿sf ;fy a:b5g\ . t/ dnfO{ g]zgn xf]6ndf a:g'kb{5 .

ufGwL—

;e{]G6\; cfkm Ol08of ;f];fO6Ldf lg <

cDa]8s/—

xf], ;fob ToxfF a:g ;S5' . t/ ;fob g} . tkfO{ jem]l;t s'/f ug'{eof] eg] yfxf kfOxfNg' x'G5 . Pslbg jem]sf] gf]s/n] dnfO{ pgs} cl3lNt/ ckdflgt u/] . oL ;a} b'MVvsf] cGt ug{ rfxG5' .

ufGwL—

d o; dfldnfdf tkfO{sf] ;fy 5' . /fhgLlts ;Demf}tf dfd'nL s'/f] xf] . clxn] klg c;nL sfd ug{ afFsL 5 . o;sf lglDt d cfkm\gf] Hofg lbg klg ;S5' . tkfO{n] ug'{ePsf cGofosf s'/f ;dfKt x'g'kb{5 .

To;kl5 ufGwLhL e+uL a:tLdf a:g nfu] . t/ pgsf] ToxfFsf] a;fOF xl/hg ef/tLo tl/sfn] s}bL lzlj/df a;]h:t} lyof] . ef/tsf ufpFdf xl/hg a:tL h:t} dxf/jf8f, d';x/L, rdf/ a:tL Ps cy{df oftgf lzlj/ x'G5g\ . ufGwL oL j:tLdf a:g' / j:tLdf /xg' Ps h:t} lyP . ufGwL e+uL j:tLdf a:g' dfgl;s b[li6n] ;'vsf/L lyof] . /, To;df Ps lsl;dsf] pbf/tf lyof] . csf]{lt/ cDa]8s/ dxf/ a:tLdf a:g' ckdfg / cjdfgsf] k|tLs lyof] .

8f= cDa]8s/n] lzIff, gf]s/L / /fhgLlts clwsf/df hf]8 lbPsf lyP . ;Qfsf] ;fem]bf/Llagf xl/hgsf] l:yltdf ;'wf/ x'g ;Sb}g . cg';"lrt hfltdf lgle{s g]t[Tj cl3 cfcf];\ / ltgLdWo] hfgsf/, Odfgbf/ / :jfledfgL g]tf cfpmg\ . pgsf cg';f/ sfFu|];L cfGbf]ngdf rfs8Ljfh / e|i6 g]tf tof/ x'b} 5g\ . o:tf g]tf rflxb}g . xl/hg g]tfx¿n], k6]n jf cGo g]tfx¿sf cl3 lz/ gem'sfpmg\ eGg] pgsf] ljrf/ lyof] . cDa]8s/n] s'g} klg s'/f pgLx¿eGbf cfkm"nfO{ sd 7fGb}gy] . d]/f] b[li6df pgL pknlAw / of]Uotfdf pgLx¿eGbf s'g} klg xfntdf sd lyPgg\ . pgsf] dgdf cf};t sfFu|];L g]tfx¿k|lt lt/:sf/sf] efj lyof] . /, of]eGbf klg a9L ljt[i0ff tL blnt g]tfx¿k|lt lyof] hf] rfKn';L / rfs8Lsf andf pkNnf] txdf k'u]sf lyP . dnfO{ nfU5, ufGwLn] ;d:ofsf] o; kIfnfO{ a'em\b}gy] . lgjf{rg–d08naf6 s§/jfb / 3[0ffn] el/Psf g]tf lgl:sg] 8/ lyof] . csf]{lt/ ;j0f{ lxGb' / sfFu|];L g]tfx¿sf] s[kf kfP/ dfly k'u]sf xl/hg g]tf klg sfd gnfUg] eO;s]sf lyP . ;dfhjfbLx¿n] sfFu|];L 5f]8\bf cDa]8s/n] cfzf u/]sf lyP ls ef/tsf] nf]stflGqs 9fFrf ca b'O{ bn–k|0ffnLaf6 cl3 a9\g]5 . pgn] eg] ls blnt ju{ / cGo k5f}6] ju{n] Pp6f t];|f] kf6L{ agfpg'kg]{ 5 . /, o; kf6L{n] oL b'O{ 7"nf bnx¿;+u df]ntf]n u/]/ ;fdflhs kl/jt{gsf] sfo{s|dnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg'kb{5 . t/ h] xf];\, hflt k|yfsf v/faLsf] ljZn]if0f ;DaGwL dte]b, c:k[Zotf lgjf{/0f sfo{s|dsf] l9nf;':tL, ;'wf/ sfo{s|d, g]t[Tj lgdf{0f tyf k|lzIf0f cflb dte]bsf sf/0f ufGwL /

cDa]8s/aLr ;xof]usf ;f/f cfzf ;dfKt eof] . cGtdf ufGwLhLn] hflt / cGthf{lto ljjfxsf ;DaGwdf cDa]8s/sf ljrf/ :jLsf/ u/] . t/ ;g\ !($%–$* sf jif{ /fhgLlts kl/jt{g, ;Qf x:tfGt/0f, pynk'yn, b+uf / 7"nf] ;+Vofdf dflg; lj:yflkt x'g] jif{x¿ lyP . /, b'j} g]tf a;]/ ljrf/–ljdz{ ug]{ / ;+o'Qm sfo{s|d agfpg] df}sf kfPgg\ . cfkm\gf] hLjgsf] clGtd 8]9 jif{df ufGwLhL gf]cfvnL, laxf/, snsQfdf zflGtb"tsf ¿kdf b+uf¿kL cfuf] lgefpg Jo:t lyP . /, cGtdf o;} sfdsf lglDt pgn] clGtd cfx'lt lbP . ufGwLhLsf] xTof ul/of] . /, o; xTofn] ufGwL–cDa]8s/ ;xof]usf] Pp6f dxfg ;Defjgf xd];fsf lglDt ;dfKt u¥of] .

cDa]8s/sf] kfls:tfg ljifos e"ldsf ;g\ !($& df ef/t–kfls:tfg ljefhg eof] . o;sf cg]sfg]s sf/0fx¿ lyP . Oltxf; k9]/ o:t} s'/f] yfxf kfOG5 . la|l6z zf;gsf] s"6gLlts kmn ljefhgsf] sf/0f xf] eGg] s;}sf] egfO 5 . t/ of] klg k"0f{ s'/f] eg] xf]Og . sfFu|];L / d'l:nd nLusf g]tfdf /fhgLlts sf}znsf] cefjsf ;fy} s]xL JolQmx¿sf] b[li6–a'l4sf sf/0f klg ljefhg ePsf] xf] eGg] egfO 5 . t/ oL ;a} sf/0f t 5g\ . t/ d'Vo sf/0f eg] sbflk xf]Og . la|l6z ;/sf/n] d';ndfgdf ljefhgsf] efjgf kf]if0f u/]sf] xf] . o;df z+sf 5}g . t/ pgn] lgZro g} o; efjgfnfO{ k}bf eg] u/]sf] xf]Og . o;sf] h/f] cf7 ;o jif{cl3 O:nfd / lxGb'–wd{sf g;'lNemPsf ;+3if{;Dd tlGsPsf] 5 . /, lxGb' ;dfhsf] zlQm IfL0f ug]{ xhf/f}+ jif{ k'/fgf ;fdflhs lj36g Pj+ b'a{ntf;Dd o;sf] h/f] k'u]sf] 5 .

Pshgf cd]l/sL /fhgLlt1 / n]vs lyP . pgn] cfkm\gf] b]zsf] ljb]z gLltaf/] cfkm\gf] ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . Tof] ljrf/ lxGb'–d'l:nd ;+3if{sf ;DaGwdf klg 7\ofSs} nfu" x'G5 . of] d]/f] cfkm\g} wf/0ff xf] . dfgj Oltxf;sf] tfgfafgfdf Pp6f 36gfn] csf]{ 36gf hGdfpF5 . x/]s uNtL kl5Nnf ;a} uNtLx¿sf] kl/0ffd x'G5 h;af6 To;n] Ps k|sf/sf] ;fj{hlgs Ifdf kfpF5 . o;/L g} x/]s uNtLn] eljiosf uNtLx¿nfO{ k|efljt ub{5 h;af6 Ps eofgs cy{df cIfd NofpF5 . lxGb'x¿n] nf]stGqnfO{ cf}krfl/s cy{ nufP cyf{t\ Ps JolQm Ps ef]6 . d';ndfgx¿n] lxGb' k|e'Tj;+u 8/fP/ :jlg0f{osf] z/0fdf k'u] . t/ klZrd k|]l/t /fi6«–/fHo -d}n] ;f+:s[lts Pstfsf] s'/f] ul//x]sf] 5}g_ sf] ljrf/ lgs} ulxl/Psf] lyof] . h'nfO{, !($^ ;Dd lhGgf k"0f{ ljefhgsf] eofjx ;Defjgfsf lglDt tof/ lyPgg\ . /, sfFu|];L g]tfx¿n] ;g\ !($^ ;Dd o;sf] ;DefjgfnfO{ gsfb}{ lyP . t/ cDa]8s/ lxGb'–d';ndfg ;+3if{af6 6fl9P/ t6:y tyf j:t'lgi7 tl/sfn] o; ;d:ofsf af/] ljrf/ ug]{ k|of; ub}{ lyP k|d'v k|ltålGåsf lglDt o;/L t7:ytf ckgfpg' ;Dej lyPg .

cDa]8s/ h'emf? / jfsk6' lyP . o;sf ;fy} pgdf ljåtf / kfl08Tok|lt cufw cfsif{s lyof] . ;g\ !($) df d'l:nd nLun] kfls:tfg ;DaGwL k|:tfj k|sflzt u¥of] . To;kl5 cDa]8s/n] lxGb'–d'l:nd ;d:ofsf af/] ljåtfk"0f{ JofVof u/]sf lyP . of] g} kfl08Tosf] k|df0f lyof] . dflg;nfO{ hfu[t ug'{ / pTk|]l/t ug'{ pgsf] p2]Zo lyof] . o;}n] pgn] hfgL–hfgL dflg;nfO{ prfNg] lsl;dsf] z}nL ckgfpg] uy]{ . cª\u|]hsf] cfs|fds lxGb' ax'dt lxGb'sf xftdf ;Qf lbP/ cfkm\gf] pQ/flwsf/L agfpg]5g\ eGg] s'/f] lxGb'x¿n] g;f]r"g\ eGg] s'/f] cfu|x u/]sf lyP . pgn] eg] ls lxGb' rfx]/ klg kfls:tfgsf] ;d:ofnfO{ gh/cGbfh ug{ ;Sb}gg\ c+u]|hn] b]zsf] ljefhg ug{ ;S5g\ . /, o;nfO{ s}of}F v08df ljeflht ug]{ s'/f]df klg pgLx¿ lxlRsrfpg] 5}gg\ . t/ ;t{ 5, ;a} v08x¿ ;fd|fHosf ;fy x'g'kg]{ 5 . t/ h] xf];\, cª\u|]hn] zlQm k|of]u u/]/ kfls:tfgsf] efunfO{ bafpg]5g\ eGg] s'/f] lxGb'n] cfzf gu/] eof] . of] c;Dej s'/f] xf] . sfFu|];Lsf] o; lsl;dsf] e|d lyof] . of] s'/f] sfFu|];Lsf dxŸjk"0f{ g]tfsf lr6\7L tyf n]v k9]/ yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 . ;/bf/ k6]n Pp6f lgs} 6f7f–af7f g]tf lyP . pgLh:tf af7f g]tfn] klg cª\u|]hsf] dg;fo ga'em]/ e|ddf lyP . ;g\ !($^ sf] k"jf{åsf] s'/f] xf] . pgsf lrÝLx¿ k9]/ of] s'/f] k|:6 x'G5 . cGtl/d ;/sf/df sfd ubf{ k|fKt u/]sf] cg'ejaf6 pgsf] Tof] e|d x6]sf] lyof] . /, To;kl5 pgL ljefhgsf s§/ ;dy{s ag] . Tokl5 aNneefO k6]nn] ljefhg :jLsf/ u/]/ d'l:nd nLu / d'l:nd ;d:ofaf6 d'Qm x'g] s'/f] g} /fd|f] xf] eGg] :ki6 a'em] . lxGb':tfgsf] Pp6f s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/ x'g]5 / o;nfO{ dfg]/ cl3 a9\g'kb{5 eGg] lgisif{df cDa]8s/ k'lu;s]sf lyP . d'l:nd nLusf] nfxf}/–k|:tfj -!($)_ kl5 pgnfO{ ljefhgsf] lglZrt ;Defjgf x'g nfu]sf] lyof] . cDa]8s/n] lxGb':tfgdf d'l:nd /fhgLlts ljsf;sf] Pp6f gd'gf b]v] . pgn] b]v] ls d'l:nd ghflgbf] lsl;dn] la:tf/} cfkm\gf] lgolt, kfls:tfgtkm{ al9/x]sf] lyof] . t];|f] bzssf clGtd jif{x¿df / rf}yf] bzssf] k|f/lDes jif{df -uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngsf lbgx¿df_ d'l:nd g]tf d'l:nd ax'dt ePsf kfFr k|fGtsf] lgdf{0fdf sl6a4 lyP . pgn] d'l:nd–lxGb' k|e'Tj ePsf] s]Gb|

dg k/fpFb}gy] h;af6 lxGb' ax'dtsf] cTofrf/ tL k|fGtdf xf];\ . cª\u|]h uPkl5 s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/ lxGb':tfgL d';ndfgx¿sf lglDt cfFvfsf] ls/ls/L aGg] lyof] . d';ndfgsf dfux¿ Tolta]nf;Dd lhGgfsf] rf}w ;"qLsf ¿kdf d"t{ eO;s]sf] lyof] . snsQfdf ;j{bnLo ;Dd]ng -hgj/L, !(@(_ df ePsf] lyof] . Toltv]/ hjfxf/ nfn g]x¿n] Pp6f k|ltj]bg k|:t't u/]sf lyP . /, o; k|ltj]bnfO{ g]x¿–l/kf]6{ elgG5 . lhGgfn] o; l/kf]6{df s]xL ;+zf]wgsf s'/f cl3 ;f/]sf lyP . t/ u/d bn, /fi6«jfbL d';ndfg tyf lxGb' dxf;efsf ;dy{sx¿ ldn]/ lhGgfsf] k|:tfj c:jLsf/ u/] . c+u]|hsf lk7o"F d';ndfgx¿ lhGgfnfO{ PSNofpg] k|of; ub}{ lyP . pgLx¿n] d'l:nd sGkm|]G; agfPsf lyP . /, cª\u|]h;+u ldn]/ sfd ub}{ lyP . 8f= cDa]8s/sf ljrf/ cg';f/ d}s\8f]gfN8sf] ;fDk|bflos lg0f{on] rf}w ;"qL dfunfO{ nueu :jLsf/ ul/;s]sf] lyof] . ;g\ !(#% sf] clwlgod cg';f/ k|fGtLo :jfoQtf sfof{Gjog ubf{ cfkm"nfO{ ;fem]bf/L kfOg]5 eGg] d'l:nd nLusf] cfzf lyof] . t/ of] x'g ;s]g . k|fGtLo :jfoQtf nfu" ePsf] b'O{ jif{kl5 -!(#&_ df sfFu|];L / d'l:ndaLr kvf{n nflu;s]sf] lyof] . cDa]8s/n] k|Zg u5{g\ ls sfFu|];Ldf d'l:nd nLunfO{ ¿i6 kfg]{ s] s'/f] lyof] < /, o; k|Zgsf] pQ/ lb+b} pgL eG5g\ M 1= d';ndfgsf Pshgf dfq k|ltlglw ;+:yfsf ¿kdf d'l:nd nLunfO{ dfGotf lbg]

s'/fdf sfFu|];Lsf] clgi7f / 2= sf+u]|;sf] ax'dt /x]sf] k|fGtdf ;+o'Qm dlGqd08n agfpg] s'/f]df sfFu|];Lsf]

c;xdlt . sfFu|];Ln] d'l:nd nLusf dfu :jLsf/ ug{ rfxGgYof] . p;n] d'l:nd nLusf Ot/ ;+:yfx¿;+u s'/f ug'{ plrt 7fGof] . of] unt gLlt lyof] eGg] cDa]8s/sf] ljrf/ lyof] . sfFu|];Lsf] Jojxf/ sfg'gL / k]lrnf] lsl;dsf] lyof] . u}/d'l:nd nLu ;+u7gnfO{ d';ndfgsf] ;dy{g lyPg . o;af6 lhGgf / d'l:nd nLudf 3[0ff dfq pTkGg eof] . /, sfFu|];L / d';ndfgaLr kmf6f] k}bf eof] . cfkm\gf] bn kl/Tofu u/]sf d';ndfgnfO{ sfFu|];L dlGqkl/ifbdf NofOof] . of] d'l:nd lnu l/;fpg] s'/f] lyof] . ;fd"lxs pQ/bfloTjdf cfwfl/t ;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf] ldlnh'nL ;/sf/;+u d]n vfGgYof] . of] ;f]x|}cfgf sfFu|];Ln] u/]sf] a]OdfgL lyof] . o; lsl;dsf]

s'/f] c;+ut xf] eGg] cDa]8s/sf] egfO lyof] . lsgeg] sfFu|];L cNk;+Vofdf ePsf] k|fGtdf p;n] c¿ kf6L{;+u sfFu|];Lsf] k|lt1f–kqdf x:tfIf/ gu/fP/} ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ agfPsf] lyof] . d';ndfgnfO{ ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ olb v/fa xf] eg] Tof] Ps k|fGtdf /fd|f] / csf]{df v/fa s;/L x'g ;S5 eGg] k|Zg d';ndfgn] ug{] clwsf/ lyof] . d'l:nd hgtf;+u ;Dks{ ug]{ hjfxf/ nfn g]x¿sf] kfunkg lyof] eGg] 8f= cDa]8s/sf] dfGotf lyof] . o;af6 d';ndfgdf sfFu|];Lsf] s'g} clwsf/ /x]g . t/ d'l:nd nLun] cfkm\gf] s'/f]df cl8u x'g] df}sf eg] kSs} kfPsf] lyof] . d'l:nd hgtfsf ;fy ;Dks{ ug]{ of] ljrf/xLg of]hgf kfls:tfgsf] pbosf lglDt lgs} lhDd]jf/ 5 . cDa]8s/n] d'l:nd g]tfnfO{ bafpg] jf kfvf nufpg] o; lsl;dsf] of]hgfnfO{ 3[l0ft of]hgf eg]sf 5g\ . d'l:ndsf] /fhgLlts tj/–tl/sfaf6 8f=cDa]8s/sf] ;xfg'e"lt lyof] eGg] cg'dfg nufpg' unt x'g]5 . pgn] ;d:ofsf j:t'lgi7 ljZn]if0f ug{ rfxGy] . pgn] ljZn]if0ffTds tl/sfn] d';ndfgsf] dg a'em\g] sf]lzz u/]sf lyP . o;sf lglDt pgn] lgs} cWoog ug]{ sf]lzz klg u/]s} lyP .

8f= cDa]8s/n] o;af/]df cfkm\gf ljrf/ o;/L k|:6 u/]sf lyP . zf;s / zfl;tsf] k|d'v e]b of] xf] ls zfl;tnfO{ ;Qfdf s'g} ;fem]bf/L x'Fb}g . ;a} hg;d'bfon] sfFu|];Lk|lt k"0f{ lgi7f b]vfpmg\ eGg] p;sf] l;4fGt lyof] . o;af6 d';ndfgnfO{ zfl;t ;d'bfosf] x}l;ot k|fKt eO/x]sf] 5 . d';ndfg nfdf] ;do;Dd lxGb':tfgdf k|e'Tjsf] l:yltdf /lx cfPsf 5g\ . df/f7f zlQmsf] pbokl5 klg b]zdf s}of}F efudf of] l:ylt oyfjt} lyof] . la|l6z ;fd|fHo :yfkgfkl5 g} d';ndfgsf] cjglt ;'? ePsf] xf] . la|l6z zf;gåf/f sfo{sf/L, k|zf;lgs jf sfg'gL kl/jt{gn] d'l:nd ;dfhdf Ps kl5 csf]{ rf]6 lyof] . cª\u|]hn] d';ndfgsf b08 ;DaGwL sfg'g / cbfnt ;dfKt u/] . o;sf] 7fpFdf pgn] cfkm\gf sfg'g / cbfnt :yfkgf u/], nfu" u/] . To;kl5 pgn] wfld{s sfg'g jf d'l:nd sfhLn] o;cl3 ug]{ km};nf h:tf] km};nf ub}{}gy] . cª\u|]hn] pgsf 7fpFdf dlh:6«]6 jf hh lgo'Qm u/] . oL hh jf dlh:6«]6 s'g} klg wd{df x'g ;Sy] cYff{t\ pgLx¿n] wd{l;t s'g} dtna lyPg . /, pg}n] d'l:nd sfg'gsf] JofVof ug{ / km};nf ug{ yfn] .

zf;saf6 zfl;t aGg] of] ckdfg g} lyof] . t/ ;xzfl;t :t/af6 tn em/]/ lxGb'sf] cwLgdf x'g' pgsf lglDt ;fFRrLs} ckdfghgs s'/f] lyof] . cDa]8s/n] d'l:nd dfgl;stfaf/] 5fglag u/] . pgn] d'l:nd s§/kgnfO{ dg k/fpFb}gy] . o:t} ;j0f{ lxGb'x¿sf] c+xsf/k"0f{ cnufj -Plnlgo]zg_ klg pgsf lglDt dg gk/]sf] s'/f] lyof] . pgnfO{ lvnfkmt cfGbf]ngl;t klg s'g} ;xfg'e"lt lyPg . pgn] ufGwLhLnfO{ o;sf] cfGbf]ngsf] ;dy{g / p;sf ldq / kyk|bz{s ag]sf]df cfnf]rgf u/]sf lyP . ;'ntfg vnLkmf agfO /fVg]sf lglDt t's{x¿df hf]/ nufpg' lans'n cg'lrt lyof] eGg] pgsf] ljrf/ lyof] . ha ls sdfn ctft's{n] :jo+ cfkm\gf] b]znfO{ /fi6«–/fHodf abNg rfxGy] . t];|f] bzsdf b'ef{Uok"0f{ ;fDk|bflos b+uf ePsf lyP . cDa]8s/n] o;af/] Pp6f nfdf] cWofo yk] / ljrf/ u/]sf lyP . d'l:ndsf] /fhgLlt hf]/hjh{:tL / lx+;fdf l6s]sf] lyof] . pgn] o;sf] lgGbf u/] . oltdfq xf]Og, of] vt/gfs 5 eGg] s'/f] ug{ klg pgL r's]gg\ . lsg ls b'j}n] kmf]x/L v]n v]Ng ;Sby] . pgn] /utsf] vf]nf] aufpg] efiffnfO{ lgGbf u/] . /, o;nfO{ zflGtk"0f{ tl/sfn] ;dfwfg ug'{kb{5 eGg] ;'emfp lbPsf lyP . g}lts d"Non] dfq ;fdYo{nfO{ ;Todf kl/l0ft ug{ ;Sb5 . t}klg d';ndfgsf plrt cfsfª\Iffk|lt pgsf] ;xfg'e"lt lyof] . /, pgLx¿n] kfls:tfg dfu]sf] s'/f]nfO{ klg pgn] ;dy{g u/]sf lyP . pgn] d'l:nd nLusf] u'08f /fhgLltnfO{ lans'n} dg k/fpFb}gy] . cDa]8s/ a'l4jfbL lyP . /, pgL wd{ lg/k]If lhGgfsf k|z+;s lyP . t/ pgn] lhGgfsf] a'l4jfbaf6 ca'l4jfbtkm{ hfg] cwf]ult v]bhgs 5 eGg] s'/f] u/]sf lyP . cDa]8s/n] lhGgfsf] nf]slk|otfsf] pTsif{sf] cfn]v tof/ u/] . /, eg] ls pgn] ha cfkm"nfO{ d'l:nd -kfls:tfg_ /fi6«jfbsf] k|tLs agfP ta g} pgL hg g]tf ag] . ljefhgk|lt cDa]8s/sf] efjgf lans'n} lg/k]If lyof] . o; /f]uu|:t c+uk|lt zNolrlsT;fsf] tl/sf lyof] . pgn] emg\ of] k|Zg g}lts–cg}lts s]xL xf]Og . =============== of] lg/k]If 5============= kfksf lglDt o;df s'g} 7fpF 5}g . cDa]8s/n] cfkm\gf] ts{ o;/L cl3 ;f/]sf lyP . olb d';ndfgsf lglDt k[ys kfls:tfg h?/L 5 eg] k+hfj / a+ufnsf u}/d'l:ndnfO{ kfls:tfgaf6 cnu /fVg' klg h?/L 5 . o;sf

lglDt u}/–d'l:nd If]qnfO{ cnUofpg' kb{5 . pgn] eg] of] sfd k|fGtsf ;LDff k'gM lgwf{/0f u/]df ;lhn} ug{ ;lsG5 . pgsf] tfls{s b[li6sf]0f cGttM la|l6z ;/sf/sf lglDt ckl/xfo{ eof] .

Sofljg]6 k|ltlglw d08nn] -/ efo;/fon] klg_ ;g\ !($^ df o; ts{nfO{ :jLsf/ u/]/ lhGgfnfO{ of] ;d:of b]vfOof] ls ;Lldt s]Gb| :jLsf/ u/ jf sfl6Psf] kfls:Tffg . lhGgfnfO{ of] ;d:of b]vfOof] ls ;Lldt s]Gb| /fd|f] nfUof] . t/ kl5 pgn] sfFu|];L :t/Lo of]hgfnfO{ nfu" ug{sf lglDt tof/ 5}g eGg] b]v] . clg pgn] sfl6Psf] kfls:tfgsf] ljsNknfO{ -o;sf] ;'emfp cDa]8s/n] lbPsf lyP_ :jLsf/ u/]/ o; cg';f/ kfls:tfgdf l;km{ d'l:nd afx'n ;fy ePsf If]q g} zfldn x'g]jfnf lyP . dxfTdf ufGwL / sfFu|];Ln] kfls:tfgsf] lj/f]w u/] . t/ 36gfn] ubf{ pgLx¿nfO{ klg cDa]8s/n] b]vfPsf] ;dfwfgsf] af6f] :jLsf/ ug{ afWo x'gk' /]sf] lyof] .

8f=cDa]8s/ d';ndfgnfO{ ;fjwfg x'g'kg]{ ;'emfj klg lbPsf lyP . pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] kIf ljj]s / l;4fGtdf v8f eP/ /fVg'kb{5 . la|l6z ef/t jf b]zL l/;fotsf ;Gbe{df cfkm\gf] kIf k|:t't ug'{ x'Fb}g . :jlg0f{osf] clwsf/ /fhfx¿sf] geP/ hgtfsf] x'g'kb{5 eGg] l;4fGtdf cDa]8s/sf] hf]8 lyof] . d'l:nd nLusf] o;af/] a]OdfgL / l;4fGt lxgtfn] sfd ug'{ x'Fb}g eGg] cg'/f]w pgn] u/]sf lyP . pgn] d'l:nd nLusf g]tfx¿nfO{ eg] ls Psflt/ pgLx¿n] sfZdL/sf] bfaL ub{5g\ . lsgeg] ToxfFsf] ax';+Vos hgtf d';ndfg 5g\ . csf]{lt/ x}b/fafbdf klg pgLx¿sf] bfaL 5 . lsgeg] ToxfFsf /fhf d';ndfg 5g\ . of] bf]wf/] gLltaf6 pgLx¿ aRg'kb{5 . pgLx¿n] cDa]8s/sf] of] ;Nnfx dfg]gg\ . kl/0ffd:j¿k tL b'j} e"efu d'l:nd nLun] u'dfpg'k¥of], kfPg . sfFu|];L g]tfx¿n] ;Qf x:tfGt/0f x'g'cl3 cyjf o;sf ;fy} b]z–ljefhgnfO{ :jLsf/ u/] . Kof/]nfn tyf cGo ljåfgx¿n] o;sf] cfnf]rgf u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] bfaL o:Tff] 5– ufGwLhLsf] Psbd /fd|f] of]hgf lyof] . o;df :jtGqtf k|flKtkl5 b]zsf] ljefhg ug]{ s'/f] lyof] . t/ Toltv]/sf] l:ylt cg';f/ pgsf] Tof] /fd|f] of]hgf dxŸjxLg eof] . of] of]hgf ;kmn x'Fb}g eGg] s'/f] cDa]8s/n] klxn] g} a'lem;s]sf lyP . /fhfhLsf] of]hgf cDa]8s/sf] b[li6df :jKg/Ghg dfq lyof] . pgsf] ;f/f sNkgf c:yfoL ;/sf/sf] :yfkgf -!($#–$$_ df cfwfl/t lyof] . lhGgfn] afrfsf ;fy} To;sf] k"lt{sf lglDt cfu|x ug]{5g\ eGg] cDa]8s/sf] :ki6 egfO

lyof] . lhGgf Pp6f rt'/ jlsn lyP . o;}n] pgL lgikflbt afrfsf 7fpFdf eljiodf lgikflbt ul/g] afrfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{ 5}gg\ .

8f= cDa]8s/n] n]v]M æklxn] k|e';Qf ;DkGg c:yfoL ;/sf/ agfP/ afF8kmfF8sf] sfdnfO{ ;'k'b{ ug]{ s'/f lhGgfn] s'g} klg d"Nodf sa'n ug]{ 5}gg\ . ;+j}wflgs kl/jt{g ug]{ Ps dfq af6f] xf] la|l6z ;+;bn] clwlgod agfcf];\ h;af6 ef/tLo /fli6«o hLjgsf dxŸjk"0f{ 36såf/f :jLs[t k|fjwfg zfldn ul/of];\ .Æ s] o;eGbf /fd|f] eljiojf0fL c¿ s;}n] ug{ ;S5 < oBlk afF8kmfF8 ug'{ Pp6f 7"nf] b'3{6gf lyof] . /, o;sf ;fy} cfPsf] hg;+xf/ / hg–lj:yfkg cem emg\ 7"nf] b'3{6gf lyof] . ef/tLo g]tfx¿dWo] PSnf] 8f=cDa]8s/ g} lyP h;n] bfaL, ;"q / ;dfwfg ug]{ Pp6f :ki6 lbzf b]v]sf lyP . o; s'/f]nfO{ c:jLsf/ ug{ ;lsb}g . sfnfGt/df ef/tsf] :jtGqtf / ;+j}wflgs ;dfwfg 7Ls To:t} eof] h:tf] 8f=cDa]8s/n] ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . cDa]8s/n] eg] lxGb':Tffgsf] /fhgLlts :jtGqtf w]/} cfjZos 5 . o;nfO{ :ylut ug{ ;lsb}g . t/ of] sfd ;fDk|bflos ;d:of ;dfwfg gu/]/ cl3 a9\g ;Sb}g . oBlk 8f=cDa]8s/n] zNolrlsT;ssf] efjgf lg/k]If dfgl;stfnfO{ ckgfPsf lyP . pgdf dfgj k|]d / b]z k|]d s'l6s'6L el/Psf] lyof] . o;}n] pgn] cv08 ef/tsf] cg'/funfO{ 5f]8\g ;Sb}gy] . Pp6f ef/t kl/ifbsf] Joj:yf ug{'kb{5 eGg] pgsf] of]hgf lyof] . of] kl/ifb ;jf]{kl/ k|e';Qf ePsf] ;+:yf x'g' x'Fb}g . a? b'O{ k|e';Qf ;DkGg /fHox¿sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g'kb{5 . pgn] o;af/] cfkm\gf] s'/f o;/L k|:6 u/]sf lyP . of] g t ;+3 x'g]5 g t dxf;+3 g} . clkt' of] lxGb':tfg / kfls:tfgnfO{ To; a]nf;Dd hf]8\g] sfd ug]{5 hlt a]nf;Dd tL Pp6f ;+ljwfg cGt{ut Ps x'Fb}gg\ . b'j} b]zx¿ ldn]/ zflGtk"0f{ / ;b\efjhgs tl/sfn] ljefhgnfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{5g\ . /, ljefhgkl5 b'j} b]zx¿ ldq b]zx¿ h:t} /xg]5g\ . pgLx¿aLr ;b\efj x'g'kg]{ 5, zq'tf xf]Og . b'j} b]z sfnfGt/df km]l/ Pp6} x'g]5g eGg] cDa]8s/sf] cfzf lyof] . t/ o:tf] x'g] l:ylt eg] lyPg . k[ys kfls:tfgsf] gfkmf–3f6f b]v]kl5 d';ndfgn] :j]R5fn] o; k|of]unfO{ ;dfKt u/]/ k'gM Pstftkm{ a9\g]5g\ . cDa]8s/sf] of] lkmtnf] cfzf lyof] . /, of] cfzf To;} d/]/

uof] . ljefhg c:yfoL x'g]5 eGg] pgsf] cfGtl/s dfGotf lyof] . t/ o; dfldnfdf hf]/hjh{:tL ug'{ x'Fb}g eGg] pgsf] rfxgf lyof] .

8f= cDa]8s/n] ;+j}wflgs ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf ¿kdf ljefhgsf] ;dy{g u/]sf lyP . of] sfd pgn] ef/tLo Oltxf;sf] cfkm\gf] 1fg / ef/tsf] /Iff ;DaGwL ;d:of a'em]/ u/]sf lyP . pgsf] ljrf/ lyof] . d'l:nd cfs|d0fsf] kmn:j¿k pQ/–klZrd If]q, h;nfO{ kfls:tfgdf ldnfpg] k|:tfj ul/Psf] lyof] . oxfFsf] ;+:s[lt / :j¿kdf olt kl/jt{g eO;s]sf] 5 ls Tof] If]q / afFsL ef/taLr s'g} s'/fdf Pstf 5}g . a? b'a}aLr jf:tljs lj/f]w 5 . sdhf]/ s]Gb|df kmn:j¿k -h;sf lglDt d';ndfg ;xdt x'g ;Sby]_ / la|l6z ef/tsf ;]gf ;+36gsf kmn:j¿k :jtGq ef/tsf] /Iff–Joj:yf sdhf]/ x'g]5 eGg] cDa]8s/nfO{ w]/} lrGtf lyof] . cg';"lrt hfltsf ;+3sf k|d'vsf ¿kdf pgn] Soflag]6 ld;gnfO{ Pp6f 1fkg lbPsf lyP . To;df ld;gn] klxn] kfls:tfgsf] k|Zg xn ug'{kb{5 eGg] pgsf] egfO lyof] . pgL sdhf]/ s]Gb|sf] kIfdf lyPgg\ . of] lans'n a]sf/ x'g]5 . pgL Pp6f alnof] s]Gb|sf] kIfkftL lyP .

8f= cDa]8s/n] ef/tsf] efjL /Iff–Joj:Yff / ;z:q ;]gfsf] ;+36gaf/] klg cfkm\gf ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . Pp6f n]vn] /fdfgGb r6hL{sf] …df8g{ l/Eo'Ú df k|sflzt ;fdu|LnfO{ cDa]8s/n] o;af/] k|of]u u/]sf lyP . ;g\ !*%& sf] ljb|f]x cl3 a+ufn ;]gf lyof] . h;n] pQ/ / pQ/–klZrdsf Onfsf / ef/t aflx/sf s]xL Onfsf lht]sf lyP . vf; u/L u+uf If]qsf a|fXd0f / If]qL hflt ldn]/ ag]sf] lyP . ljb|f]xtfsf of] ;]gf l5GgleGg eof] . /, ar]v'r]sf d'lgx¿nfO{ tf]l8of] . ljb|f]xkl5 la|l6z ;/sf/n] hfgLa'emL o; lsl;dsf] gLlt agfPsf] lyof] . o;/L la|l6z ef/tsf] ;]gfsf] :j¿k g} ablnof] . cª\u|]hn] of]4f hftsf -dfz{n /];_ sf] sNkgf u/]sf] cflj:sf/ u/]/ cfkm\gf] gLltnfO{ d'lQms/0f u/]sf lyP . Tof] gLlt lans'n} unt lyof] . æof]4f hft / u}/of]4f hftaLr e]b ug'{ lans'n} dgdfgL / s[lqd xf] . of] Tolt g} d"v{tfk"0f{ xf] hlt lxGb'x¿sf] hflt–l;4fGt h;df of]Uotfsf] ;f6f] hGdsf] dfGotfsf cfwf/df agfOPsf] 5 .Æ d';ndfg ljz]if u/]/ pQ/–klZrd lxGb':tfgsf d';ndfgsf] ;]gfdf k|e'Tj x'g' b]zsf lglDt vt/gfs xf] eGg] cDa]8s/sf] egfO lyof] . pgLx¿ ljZj O:nfdjfb / d'l:nd zlQmx¿

ef/tsf lj?4 Psh'6 x'g] ljrf/n] lgs} ;+zlst lyP . pgn] eg] ls olb of] ;]gf ljefu ;fDk|bflos efjgfn] k|]l/t eP eg] ef/tsf] ;'/Iff ;'/Iffsf b[li6n] 7Ls x'g] 5}g . pQ/– klZrdsf] d'l:nd ;]gfnfO{ ljb]zaf6 x'g] cfs|d0faf6 b]zsf] Psdfq /Ifs agfpg] ljrf/sf pgL lj/f]wL lyP . pgn] eg] ls pQ/–klZrdsf oL d';ndfg cfkm\gf] ljz]if ;fdflhs l:yltk|lt lgs} hf/?s 5g\ . /, pgLx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ lxGb':tfgsf åf/kfn dfGby] . pgn] eg] lxGb':tfgsf :jtGqtfsf] /Iffsf lglDt lxGb'n] oL åf/kfnnfO{ s;/L e/f];f ug{ ;Sb5g < olb cfs|d0fsf/L ¿;L 5g eg] oL åf/kfnn] åf/sf] /Iff a8f] lgi7f / dha'tLsf ;fy ug]{5g\ . t/ dfgf}+ olb ckmuflg:tfg PSn} jf cGo d'l:nd b'j}sf ;fy ldn]/ lxGb':tfgdfly xdnf u/] eg] s] pgLx¿n] åf/ vf]n]/ pgLx¿nfO{ leq k:g gb]nfg < cDa]8s/n] eg] ls lxGb'x¿sf cl3 sl7g ljsNk lyof] . pgLx¿n] ;'/lIft ;]gf /f]h"g jf ;'/lIft ;Ldf d';ndfgnfO{ leq a;]/ lj/f]w ug'{ aflx/ a;]/ lj/f]w ug'{eGbf /fd|f] x'g]5 . s'/f] k|:6 5 . cDa]8s/ s]xL lxGb':tfgL d';ndfgåf/f ljZj O:nfdjfbsf] k|rf/ / s]xL lxGb' g]tfx¿sf] cfz+sfdf nxnx} nfu]sf lyP . t/ lhGgfh:Tff JolQmx¿sf] ljZj O:nfdjfbdf s'g} ?lr lyPg . of] s'/f] cDa]8s/nfO{ /fd|/L yfxf lyof] . pgn] eg] ls lhGgf lvnfkmt cfGbf]ngdf zfldn gx'g'sf] jf:tljs sf/0f of] lyof] ls pgL o; s'/f]sf] lj/f]wL lyP ls lxGb':tfgL d';ndfg b]z aflx/sf d';ndfg ;DaGwL dfldnfdf dtna lagf plNem/xg' . t/ o;sf afah'b cDa]8s/ s]xL s§/jfbL dflg;sf k|efjaf6 k|efljt eP/ cfkm\gf] ljrf/ / ts{zlQm u'dfO;s]sf lyP . lhGgf lxGb':tfgL d'l:nd /fi6«–/fHosf kIfdf lyP . /, pgn] s'g} klg efjL ljZj O:nfdL ;Ntgsf] Pp6f k|fGt agfpg rfxGgy] . ha pgL ;+o'Qm lxGb':tfgsf] k|an ;dy{s lyP To; a]nf klg lvnfkmt;+u pgsf] s'g} ;xfg'e"lt lyPg . /, pgL k'/ftgkGyL / efF8\g] d'Nnf–df}naL / wd{ u'?sf ;fy ;fF7ufF7 ug{sf lglDt ufGwLsf] xd];f lj/f]w ug]{ uy]{ . ljZj O:nfdjfbsf ;DaGwdf lhGgfn] eg]sf lyP M s] s;}n] Psl5gsf lglDt klg dfGg ;S5 ls ckmuflg:tfg cfkm"dfly O/fgL zf;g rNg b]nf < s] s;}n] of] dfGg ;S5 ls ckmuflg:tfg jf O/fgn] t'sL{nfO{ cfkm"dfly /fHo ug{ b]nf < s] s;}n] cfkm"dfly Psl5gsf nflu eP klg ;f]Rg ;S5 ls c/]laof h:Tff] ;fgf] dxfåLkdf hxfF

odg, ;fpbL c/a / O/fs cflb :jtGq /fHo 5g\ . s'g} klg /fHo s'g} csf{sf] xsdf cfkm\gf] If]qLo k|e';QfnfO{ 5f]8\nf < tkfO{n] o:tf] lsg dfGg' x'G5 ls ha pQ/–klZrdsf Onfsfdf d';ndfgsf] :jfwLg /fHo aGof] eg] c¿nfO{ xfdLn] cfkm"dfly /fHo ug{ b]cf}+nf . lsgeg] lxGb'x¿df /fHo ug'{cl3 pgLx¿n] xfdLnfO{ sAhf ug'{kg]{ 5 . tyflk of] ;xL s'/f] xf] ls d'l:nd g]tf a8f] cfzf u/]/ ljZj O:nfdjfbsf] s'/f] ub{y] . /, s]xL lxGb' 8/fP/ ;f]Rby] ls ljZj O:nfdjfb ;fFRrLs} cfO/x]sf] 5 . cDa]8s/ o; zAb– Jofodaf6 lgs} k|efljt ePsf lyP . cDa]8s/n] lxGb'x¿nfO{ cfZjf;g lbP ls d'l:nd ax'n OnfsfnfO{ cnu ugf{n] pgsf] /Iff–Joj:yf k|efljt x'g]5}g . a? Tof] lgs} alnof] x'g]5 . lsgeg] hGdaf6 g} s'g} gZn of]4f x'g] ub}{g . kfls:tfg cnu ePkl5 ef/tn] plrt k|lzIf0f / cfw'lgs xltof/sf ;fy Pp6f of]Uo ;]gf tof/ ug{ ;Sb5 . ;'/lIft ;]gf ;'/lIft ;LdfeGbf xd];f ;zQm x'g] ub{5 . jf:tjdf cDa]8s/n] oxfF;Dd cltzof]lQm u/] ls ;'/lIft / k|fs[lts ;Ldfh:tf] s'g} s'/f x'Fb} x'Fb}g . dnfO{ s] nfU5 eg] cDa]8s/n] O:nfdL aGw'Tj / ljZj O:nfdjfbsf] z'4 ;}4flGts kIf g} b]v] Û pgn] olt;Dd eg] ls O:nfd ;fdflhs :j–zf;gsf] k|0ffnL xf] . /, of] ljrf/ ef}uf]lns /fi6«jfbl;t cyf{t\ s;}sf] ;Ldfaf6 cfa4 :j–zf;gsf] d]n vfFb}g . lsgeg] d';ndfgsf] lgi7f cfkm\gf] b]z;+u x'Fb}g . a? cfkm\gf] wd{;+u x'G5 .

PskN6 km]l/ a'l4jfbL cDa]8s/ kfls:tfg / O:nfdsf] ;}4flGts e"ldsfdf To;} au] . /, lxGb':tfgsf lj?4 Pp6f ljzfn O:nfdL /fHosf] sNkgf ug{ yfn] . dxfslj df]dDb Osjfnn] lxGb':tfgL d';ndfgsf ;Gbe{df h'g …lgoltÚ zAb k|of]u u/]sf lyP To;sf] cDa]8s/n] sfJodo efio u/]/ o;/L eg]sf lyP M æof] lgolt d"t{ ¿kdf lxGb':tfgsf] dfglrqdf km}lnPsf] 5 . ==== hf] sf]xLn] o; dfglrqnfO{ x]¥of] eg] p;n] To;nfO{ lal;{g] 5}g . O{Zj/n] ;f]rL–;DemL lxGb':tfgL d';ndfgsf lglDt k[ys /fi6«–/fHosf] ¿kdf o;nfO{ c+lst u/]sf] 5 . o; lgoltnfO{ ;lhn} Jojxf/df kl/0ft ug{ ;lsG5 . oltdfq xf]Og, o;nfO{ d"t{ ¿kdf abNg klg ;lsG5 . o;sf] Pp6f cfsif{s u'0f klg 5 . ;a} d';ndfgx¿nfO{ o;n] Pp6f /fi6«–/fHosf] ¿kdf Psq ug{ klg ;S5

. o;/L ljleGg b]zdf a:g] / ToxfFsf] gful/stf :jLsf/ ubf{ O:nfdL aGw'Tj vl08t x'g] vt/f k}bf x'G5 . o;af6 of] lgolt arfpg ;lsG5 . lxGb':tfgaf6 kfls:tfg 5'l§Pkl5 O/fg, O/fs. c/]laof, t'sL{, ld> cflb d'l:nd b]zx¿sf] ;+3 aGg]5 . To;sf] Pp6f wd{ x'g]5 . /, To;sf] lj:tf/ O:Tffga'nb]lv nfxf}/;Dd x'g]5 . o; gofF lgoltsf] j}ejaf6 cfslif{t gx'g] d';ndfgnfO{ d"v{ g} eGg'knf{ . /, ef/tLo d';ndfgsf] :yfgsf af/]df p;sf] ljrf/df ;Dk"0f{ kl/jt{g x'g]5}g .Æ t/ jf:tls s] xf] < bf];|f] ljZj o'4kl5 d'l:nd b]zn] cfkm\gf] klxrfg agfPsf lyP .

To;kl5 ;a} cf–cfkm\gf] af6f] lx+8g yfn] . d'l:nd ljZjsf] Oltxf;n] s] b]vfPsf] 5 eg] lxhf]cfh O:nfd /fi6«–/fHo ¿kdf ljeQm e};s]sf] 5 . o;/L g} h:tf] dWo o'usf] cGtdf …l/klAnsg lqml:6ofgfÚ la36gkl5 O;fO{ o'/f]k leGg–leGg /fi6«–/fHodf afFl8Psf] lyof] . ljZj O:nfdnfO{ k'gM Ps ug'{ clxn] c;Dej 5 . blIf0f–k"j{ Pl;ofdf s]xL ;do klxn] O08f]g]lzofn] dn]lzofsf lj?4 o'4 u/]sf] lyof] . klZrdL kfls:tfgsf] ;]gfn] ;g\ !(&! a+Unfb]zL d';ndfgnfO{ s'lNrg] sf]lzz u¥of] . /, O/fg, O/fsdf utM ^ jif{b]lv eo+s/ o'4 rNb} 5 . oxfF;Dd ls c/a d'l:nd /fi6« klg d[udl/lrsf xf] . lnlaof / ld> tyf l;l/of / O/fsaLr hf] ;a} c/a /fHo x'g\ t/ pgLx¿aLr s'g} ljz]if k|]d 5}g . d'l:nd Pstf / aGw'Tjsf] oxL syf xf] . l;l/of / ld>, ld> / lnlaof, l;l/of / O/fsaLr ;+3 lgdf{0f ug]{af/] k6s–k6s 3f]if0f eO/x]sf] 5 . t/ slxNo} klg jf:tljs Pstf ePg . /, oL sfuhL ;+3 lgdf{0f x'g] lalQs} lj3l6t x'Fb} uP . o:tf] nfU5, 8f= cDa]8s/n] cg'lrt ts{ u/]/ lxGb'nfO{ ljZjf;df NofP/ jf 8/fpg lbP/ kfls:TffgnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ tof/ ub}{ lyP . pgL lxGb'x¿sf] eofs'ntfnfO{ k|of]u ug{ klg lxlRsRofO/x]sf lyPgg\ . cflv/ pgn] o:tf] lsg ub}{ lyP t < s] xfdLn] pgsf af/]df cg'dfg nufpg ;S5f} <

kfls:Tffgsf] clgjfo{tfsf ;DaGwdf 8f= cDa]8s/sf cfkm\g} ljrf/ lyP . o;sf] ljrf/sf] cfwf/ d'l:nd /fhgLltsf lj:tlgi7 / ljåtfk"0f{ d"Nofª\sg x'g ;S5 . pgn] ;dfwfgsf b[li6n] kfls:tfgsf k|Zgdf ljrf/ k|s6 u/] . pgL c;fwf/0f a'l4hLlj lyP . ;Tosf] vf]hL ug'{ pgsf] ppgn] ;dfwfgsf b[li6n] kfls:tfgsf k|Zgdf ljrf/ k|s6 u/] . pgL c;fwf/0f a'l4hLlj lyP . ;Tosf] vf]hL ug'{ pgsf] p2]Zosf] Pp6f efu lyof] . t/ cg'lrt hfltsf] lxtsf] /Iff pgsf cl3lNt/ ljlzi6 k|Zg lyof] . xfdLn] o;nfO{ slxNo} klg la;{g ;Sb}gf}F .

8f= cDa]8s/sf] Pp6f alnof] s]Gb| x'g'kb{5 eGg] OR5f lyof] . :jfoQ k|fGtn] cg';"lrt hftnfO{ Gofo ub}{gg\ eGg] pgnfO{ 8/ lyof] . pgLx¿sf lglDt s]Gb|sf] ;+/If0f x'g' cTofjZos 5 . pgL of] klg rfxGy] ls cfwf/e"t clwsf/sf] 3f]if0ff–kqsf ;fy k|efjsf/L cfosf] klg k|fjwfg xf];\ . d';ndfgn] o;sf] lj/f]w ug]{5g\ eGg] pgsf] 7DofOF lyof] . olb d';ndfg aflxl/P eg] ;+ljwfgnfO{ clwsf/af6 jl~rt ePsf ju{sf cfjZostf cg';f/ 9fNg ;lsG5 . nvgpm–;Demf}tf / ;fDk|bflos lg0f{ocg';f/ ljwfg–d08ndf d';ndfgnfO{ ## k|ltzt k|ltlglwTj lbg] s'/f] ul/Psf] lyof] . k|fGtLo :jfoQtf ls|ofGjogn] ubf{ d'l:nd nLusf] lehg jf; -b[li6 kvflnof]_ . /, To;nfO{ km]l/ ;zQm agfpgsf nflu lhGgfn] cfkm\gf] dfu a9fpg ;'? u/] . o'4tfsf la|l6z ;/sf/n] pgnfO{ nueu ;+j}wfgLs eL6f] kfj/ k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] . d'l:nd nLun] s]Gb|Lo Soflag]6df sfFu|];L hlQs} k|ltlglwTjsf] dfu u¥of] . s]Gb|Lo ljwfg d08ndf klg pgn] lxGb'sf] a/fa/ k|ltlglwTjsf] dfu uy]{ . olb ;j0f{ lxGb'x¿df Hofbf bafa kg]{ xf] eg] pgLx¿n] blnt ju{ tyf cg';"lrt hghfltsf] d"Nodf d'l:nd nLu;+u ;Demf}Tff ug]{5g\ eGg] cDa]8s/nfO{ cfz+sf lyof] . d'l:nd nLusf] dfu cg'lrt xf] eGg] egfO sfFu|];Lsf] lyof] . t/ hdfot–pn–pndf–P– lxGbk|lt sfFu|];Lsf g]tfx¿sf] ;xfg'e"lt lyof] . o; hdfotsf ;fdflhs / wfld{s ¿l9jflbtfsf ;fy ;fy} /fhgLlt dfldnfdf cltjfbL lyof] . To;n] ljefhgnfO{ lj/f]w u/]sf] lyof] . To;df s'g} z+sf 5}g . t/ o;n] klg dlGqd08n / ljwfgd08ndf lxGb' a/fa/ k|ltlglwTj dfu u/]sf] lyof] . pgLx¿sf] dfu :jLsf/ ug'{sf] cy{ s]Gb|Lo dlGqd08n / ljwfg d08ndf cg';"lrt hflt

/ hghfltsf] k|ltlglwTjdf s6f}tL x'g]5 eGg] 8f= cDa]8s/nfO{ z+sf lyof] . o;/L g} gf]s/L ;DaGwL d';ndfgsf dfunfO{ :jLsf/ ul/of] eg] cg';"lrt hfltsf ;f/f cfzf ;dfKt x'g]5g\ . dnfO{ nfU5, cDa]8s/åf/f ljefhgsf] ;dy{g ug'{sf] Pp6f sf/0f lyof] of] sf/0fn] pgL 8/fPsf klg lyP . sfFu|];Ln] b]zsf] Pstf agfO/fVg] k|of;df d';ndfgnfO{ l/ofot lb+b} hfg]5 . /, o;af6 cGo cNk;+Vos, vf; u/L cg';"lrt hfltsf lxtnfO{ gf]S;fg k'¥ofpg]5 . 8f= cDa]8s/n] a8f] s8f zAbdf o;af/] o;/L n]v]sf 5g\ M æs] lxGb' zf;s ju{n] lxGb' /fhgLltdf cfkm\gf] clwsf/ ulx/f] kfb}{ 5 < s] o; ju{n] z"b| / c:k[Zox¿sf] t'ngfdf d';ndfgsf clwsf/ / lxt ;DaGwL /Iffsf] Hofbf lrGtf u/]sf] 5}g < s] c:k[Zosf] /fhgLlts clwsf/sf] lj/f]w ug]{ ufGwL d';ndfgsf xsdf sf]/f r]sdf x:tfIf/ ug{ tof/ 5}gg < jf:tjdf lxGb'x¿ zf;s ju{ z"b| / c:k[Zotfsf] pk]Iff d';ndfgsf ;fy ;Qfsf] ;fem]bf/L ug{ a9L tTk/ 5 . lxGb' ;dfhsf] nf]stGq lj/f]wL rl/qsf af/] lzsfot ug'{kg]{ d';ndfgsf lglDt s'g} sf/0f b]lvb}g .Æ h'g, !($& df ef/t–kfls:tfg ljefhgsf] ;Demf}tf eof] . 8f= cDa]8s/df cfzf s'g ;Ldf;Dd k"/f eP / pgsf cfz+sf slt;Dd /x] < ljefhg zflGtk"j{s x'g'kb{5 / b'j} gofF /fHosf] ;DaGw ldqtfk"0f{ x'g'kb{5 eGg] cDa]8s/sf] ljrf/ lyof] . t/ pgsf] of] ljrf/ k"/f x'g ;s]g . o;sf] ljk/Lt kfls:Tffg / ef/t 3fts b'ZdgLdf pq] . /, /Iff tyf ;]gfdf ef/L vr{ ul/b}F 5 . t/ blntsf af/]df pgdf ePsf] z+sf eg] w]/} dfqfdf xl6;s]sf] 5 . cg';"lrt hfltnfO{ ljwfg d08ndf plrt k|ltlglwTj k|fKt eof] . gf]s/Lsf] af/] cem} s'/f] ldn]sf] lyPg . /, Tof] k|fKt x'g] w]/} 6f9fsf] s'/f] lyof] . t/ :jtGqtfsf] ;doeGbf To;df w]/} ;'wf/ eO;s]sf] 5 . cDa]8s/ alnof] s]Gb|sf ;dy{s lyP . o;af/] pgn] eg]sf] h:t} eof] . pgn] o; sfo{df dxŸjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf lyP . c¿ h:t} cg';"lrt hfltnfO{ ef]6sf] clwsf/ k|fKt eof] .

8f= cDa]8s/n] o;nfO{ lgs} dxŸj lbPsf lyP . pgLx¿n] d"ne"t clwsf/ klg k|fKt u/] . /, oL ;a}nfO{ nfu" ug]{ pkfodf klg 8f= cDa]8s/n] hf]8 lbPsf lyP . oL k|fjwfgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg h?/L 5 . o;sf lglDt hgtfnfO{ hfu[t ug'{kg]{ 5 . /, ;+u7g klg alnof] agfpg'kb{5 .

8f=cDa]8s/n] o;sf lglDt ;fwg tof/ ul/lbPsf 5g\ . o;eGbf a9L Pp6f dflg;n] c¿ s] g} ug{ ;S5 <

;zQm s]Gb|sf] cfjZostf ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf k|Zgaf/] 8f=cDa]8s/ / ufGwLaLr c;xdtL lyof] . cyf{t\ o;af/] 8f=cDa]8s/ ufGwLhLl;t ;xdt lyPgg\ . pgL k|ltefzfnL JolQm lyP . /fhgLlts / cfly{s ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ;DaGwL vf;–vf; ts{x¿ lbOg] ul/GYof] . pgn] oL ;a} ts{ /fd|/L a'em]sf lyP . t/ pgsf] k|fyldstf c¿eGbf leGg lyof] . ;j0f{sf] cTofrf/ ;dfKt ug]{ tyf ;fdflhs ;dtf Nofpg] s'/f]nfO{ pgn] ;jf{lws dxŸj lbPsf lyP . pgn] ;fdflhs Gofosf] cfbz{ / /fhgLlts zlQmsf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] cfbz{aLr bL3{sfndf geP klg cNksfndf lj/f]w x'G5 eGg] s'/f] lglZrt ¿kn] a'em]sf lyP . pgL ax';+Vos ;j0f{ hfltåf/f blnt ju{nfO{ ;tfOg] s'/f]df ;z+lst lyP . pgn] :yfgLo :j/fhsf ;+:yfdf w]/} clwsf/ lbg] kIfdf lyPgg\ . Gofo / cf}lrTosf] sNkgf lxGb' ;dfhsf] k|wfg sNkgf xf]Og . p;sf] g}ltstfsf] r]tgf klg k|an 5}g . o;f] x'g'sf] sf/0f 5 . :yfgLo ;+:yfsf :t/df hfu¿s hgdtsf] cefj x'g' xf] . tNnf] :t/df a9L clwsf/ lbg'sf] cy{ xf] ax';+Vos ;j0f{ lxGb'x¿n] cg';"lrt hftnfO{ cTofrf/ ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt x'g]5 . /fli6«o :t/df cg';"lrt / k5f}6] hftx¿ k|a'å hgdt / ;xfg'e"ltk"0f{ Jojxf/sf] cfzf ug{ ;S5g\ . of] g} xfd|f] /fli6«o hLjgsf] ;To xf] . /, sf]xL dflg; /fli6«o ;+;bsf] sf/afxL;+u kl/lrt 5g\ o:Tff dflg;nfO{ cg';"lrt hflt, hghflt / cGo cNk;+Vossf ;d:ofx¿ hlt nf]s ;ef / /fHo ;efdf p7fOG5 Tolt /fHosf ljwfg ;ef, kl/ifb jf :yfgLo lgsfodf p7fOg] ul/b}g eGg] yfxf 5 . ctM 8f=cDa]8s/ ;w}F zlQmzfnL s]Gb|sf] kIfdf lyP . pgn] s]Gb|Lo sfo{kflnsfnfO{ alnof] agfpg rfxGy] . sfo{kflnsfsf] zlQm ;fdflhs Gofosf] kIfdf x'g'kb{5 . /, o;sf lglDt k|zf;lgs OR5fnfO{ Jjfjxfl/s agfpg'kb{5 . ;+;bsf] clwsf/sf] If]q sfg'g agfpg] ;DaGwL s'/fdf Jofks x'g'kb{5 . o;af6 blntsf] lxtdf sfg'g agfpg ;Sg'kb{5 . pgsf] b[li6df ;fdflhs Gofosf lglDt oxL Joj:yf k|efjsf/L x'g ;Sb5 . oL p2]Zo k"/f ug'{ h?/L lyof] . o;}n] o;sf lglDt ;+ljwfgdf ljljw k|fjwfgx¿ /flvPsf lyP . ;a} k|fjwfgx¿ of t 8f=cDa]8s/n] /fv]sf lyP of t k|f¿k ;ldltn] ;fd"lxs

ljrf/ ljdz{ u/]/ /fv]sf] lyof] . pgn] ;+ljwfg ;efdf a8f] hf]8bf/sf ;fy o;nfO{ ;dy{g u/]sf lyP . c:k[Zotf ;DaGwL ck/fwsf af/]df af]Nb} 8f=cDa]8s/n] s] k|Zg p7fP eg] o; gofF sfg'gnfO{ nfu" s;n] unf{ < pgn] o;af/] ;'emfp klg lbPsf lyP . pgn] ;'emfp lbP ls ljw]osdf ljz]if wf/f /fVg'kb{5 . /, sfg'g s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/åf/f nfu" x'g'kb{5 . olb o:Tff] ul/Pg eg] of] ;LdfjtL{ ;"lrsf] sfg'g xf] eGg] s'/f /fHon] bfaL ug]{5 . cDa]8s/sf] o:t} ;f]rfO lyof] . /, ;fdfGotM pgnfO{ g} of] sfg'g nfu" ug]{ clwsf/ 5 . of] sfg'g /fHoåf/f nfu" ul/of];\ eGg] pgsf] ljrf/ lyPg . pQm /fHo / ;/sf/df dftxtdf sfd ug]{ clwsf/L :yfgLo ;j0f{ lxGb'sf k|efjdf x'g]5g\ / k|zf;lgs afu8f]/ k"0f{tM ;j0f{sf] xftdf x'g]5 eGg] 8f=cDa]8s/sf] z+sf lyof] . o;n} pgLx¿n] o; sfg'gnfO{ s8fOsf ;fy kfngf u/fpg] 5}gg\ . /, of] sfg'g lgik|efjL alg/xg] 5, eO/xg] 5 . To;kl5 cDa]8s/n] cg'R5]b #% / cg'R5]b &# df ul/Psf] kl/jt{gsf] dxŸjsf] af/] k|sfz kf/] . pgn] eg] ls cg'R5]b #% df elgPsf] 5 ls cg'R5]b !& cGtu{t b08 lbg] sfg'g jf d"ne"t clwsf/ -efu tLg_ cGtu{t kg]{ ck/fw ;DaGwL b08 lgwf{/0f ug]{ sfg'g /fHoåf/f gagfP/ ;+;båf/f agfOg]5 . o;}n] oBlk of] ljifo ;djtL{ ;"lrdf cfof] . t/ jf:tjdf of] s]Gb|Lo ;"lrsf] ljifo xf] . pgn] eg] ls cg'R5]\b &# sf] cwLg -hf] !(#% sf] ef/t ;/sf/ clwlgodsf] tbg'¿k wf/feGbf leGg 5 _ s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/nfO{ of] clwsf/ 5 ls To;n] of] sfg'gnfO{ nfu" ug]{ zlQm cfkm\gf] xftdf lng ;s"g\ . ef/t ;/sf/ clwlgoddf :ki6 k|fjwfg lyof] ls ;djtL{ ;"lrdf s]Gb|sf] clwsf/ sfg'g agfpg] s'/f]df dfq ;Lldt 5 . sfg'g nfu" ug]{ clwsf/ s]Gb|n] lng ;Sb}g . ;g\ !(#% sf] sfg'gdf of] k|fjwfg /flvPsf] lyof] ls s]xL vf; sf/0fn] /fVg'k/]sf] lyof] . t/ oltv]/ tL sf/0fx¿ 5}gg\ . xfdLn] cfkm\gf] ;+ljwfg agfpg] ;dodf o:tf k|fjwfg ;+ljwfgdf /fVg' k/]g . d}n] eg]F, oBlk ;fdfGotf s]Gb| ;djtL{ ;"lrdf agfOPsf sfg'gsf] k|jt{g /fHonfO{ lbG5 . s]Gb|;+u of] lgZro ug]{ ljsNk x'g'kb{5 ls p;af6 ;djtL{ ;"lrdf agfOPsf s'g} klg sfg'gsf] k|jt{g /fHon] ug]{ 5}gg\ . a? s]Gb|n] g} :jo+ ug]{5 . o; cfzosf] k|fjwfg cg'R5]b &# df ul/Psf] 5 . k|f/Deb]lv g} cDa]8s/ df}lns clwsf/nfO{ nfu" ug{sf lglDt plrt ;fwg / k|ls|ofsf

lglDt k|oTgzLn lyP . dfq df}lns clwsf/ ;"lr agfpg' kof{Kt x'g]5}g / pgnfO{ df}lns eGg' klg sfkmL 5}g eGg] 8f=cDa]8s/sf] egfO lyof] . oL clwsf/ xfd|f] dfgl;s ljrf/sf] c+z aGg'kb{5 . oL clwsf/ O+UNof08df ;g\ !^** sf] /StxLg qmflGttfsf cl:tTjdf cfPsf lyP . km|fG;]nL qmflGtdf oL clwsf/nfO{ k'gM dg'iosf d"n clwsf/sf ¿kdf k'i6 ul/of] . oL d"n clwsf/ cd]l/sL ;+ljwfgsf c+u klg ag] . k|Zg 5, logsf] k|j{tg s;/L xf]nf < ;+ljwfg ;efdf p2]Zol;t ;DalGwt ;+sNksf af/] af]Nb} 8f= cDa]8s/n] lb;]Da/ (, !($^ df eg]sf lyPM æ;+sNksf] o; efudf clwsf/af/] pNn]v 5 . t/ o;sf pkfoaf/] s]xL klg elgPsf] 5}g . of] s'/f] dnfO{ /fd|/L yfxf 5 . xfdL ;a}nfO{ yfx} 5 ls clwsf/sf] To; a]nf;Dd s'g} dxŸj xF'b}g ha;Dd o:tf] pkfo elgb}g ls h;sf dfWodn] clwsf/ xgg ePdf To;sf] ;'/Iff k|fKt ug{ ;lsof];\ . oxfF pkfosf] lans'n ckdfg ePem}F 5 / d}n] o:t} a'em]sf] 5' . oxfF;Dd ls of] ;"q klg o; k|:tfjdf 5}g ls sfg'gsf] k|ls|of afx]s c¿ s'g} tl/sfn] s'g} JolQmsf] hLjg, :jtGqtf / ;DkltnfO{ l5Gg ;lsb}g .Æ 8f=cDa]8s/ blnt ju{sf] k|ltlglwsf ¿kdf uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngdf pkl:yt ePsf lyP . pgn] ToxfF blnt ju{sf kIfdf a8f] b[9tf / a'l4dQfsf ;fy k|:t't u/] . cDa]8s/ s'g} ljifodf ax; ug]{ jlsn h:Tff JolQm dfq} lyPgg\ . pgsf] efif0f cf:yf Pj+ efjgfn] el/k"0f{ x'GYof] . blnt ju{sf] l:yltnfO{ ;'wfg'{ pgsf] hLjgsf] Wo]o lyof] . pgn] ef/tLo ;dfhsf] uxg cWoog u/] . /, o; ;dfh k|0ffnLn] s;/L sfd ub{5 eGg] s'/f] pgnfO{ /fd|/L yfxf lyof] . cDa]8s/n] o; cGofok"0f{ Joj:yfsf] k"/f cft+s ;x]sf lyP . /, :yfgLo :t/df blntnfO{ eg] hlt Gofo k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g eGg] s'/f] pgnfO{ yfxf lyof] . pgL cª\u|]hsf lk7\oF" lyPgg\ . ;j0f{ lxGb' / /fi6«jfbL ;dfrf/kqn] pgnfO{ cª\u|]hsf lk7\oF' eg]/ lgGbf u/]sf lyP . pgL jf:tjdf b]zeQm lyP . pgn] ef/tLonfO{ ;Qf ;'lDkg] s'/f]sf] lj/f]w u/]gg\ . t/ pgL Pp6f s'/f]df eg] kSs} lrlGtt lyP . :jzf;gsf kl/0ffd:j¿k ax';+Vos ;j0f{ lxGb'n] blnt ju{nfO{ cTofrf/ gu¿g\ eGg] s'/f]df pgL lrlGtt lyP . pgL jo:s dtflwsf/sf kIfdf lyP . /, pgn] o;sf lglDt b[9tfsf ;fy n8]sf lyP . pgn] blntsf lglDt ;Qfdf ;fem]bf/L rfxGy] . blntsf clwsf/sf /Iffsf lglDt dha't s]Gb|sf] cfjZostf 5 eGg] s'/f]df pgsf] s8f c8fg lyof] . s]Gb|Lo ljwfg d08ndf sfg'g agfpg] Jofks clwsf/ x'g'kb{5 / s]Gb|Lo sfo{kflnsf;+u sfg'g nfu" ug]{ Jofks zlQm x'g'kb{5 eGg] pgsf] ljrf/ lyof] . ;jf]{Rr cbfnt;+u ljrf/0f / Gofo ljt/0fsf]

k|efjsf/L clwsf/ x'g'kb{5 . t/ olQs}df g} 8f=cDa]8s/ ;Gtf]if x'g] JolQm lyPgg\ . pgn] k|Zg u/] . s] xfd|f] b]zdf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt x'g' g} 7"nf] s'/f] xf] < p;sf] clwsf/ If]q Jofks x'g' klg h?/L 5 . t/ o;sf afah'b klg p;sf km};nf / cfb]znfO{ nfu" ug{ ;lsPg eg] dha't s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/sf ;f/f 9fFrf tof/ ug'{sf] cy{ g} s] /Xof] / < æuf]nd]r ;Dd]ngsf] ;+3Lo 9fFrfsf] ;ldltdf af]Nb} 8f=cDa]8s/n] cS6'a/ @@, !(#! df o; s'/f]nfO{ hf]8bf/sf ;fy ;dy{g u/]sf lyP . ;+3Lo Gofofnosf] If]qflwsf/ cf:6«]lnof / cd]l/sfsf ;+3Lo GofofnoeGbf Hofbf lj:t[t x'g'kb{5 eGg] pgsf] ;Nnfx lyof] . df}lns clwsf/ / cNk;+Vossf lglDt ul/Psf ;'/Iff pkfox¿nfO{ ;+3Lo Gofofno -km]8/n sf]6{_ sf] clwsf/ If]qdf /fVg'kb{5 eGg] pgsf] egfO lyof] .Æ 8f=cDa]8s/n] eg] ls ef/tsf] efjL ;+j}wflgs 9fFrf la|l6z ef/tsf] nf]stGq / b]zL l/of;tsf] PstGq lvr8L ;+3 x'g]5 / o;/L ;/sf/ /fhgLlt ax'dtsf] ;/sf/ geP/ a? Tof] ;fDk|bflos ax'dtsf] ;/sf/ x'g]5 . To;kl5 pgn] eg] M æd]/f ljr/fcg';f/ df}lns clwsf/sf] /Iff / cNk;+Vossf clwsf/ /Iff ug]{ k|Zgdf c¿ ;+ljwfgsf] ck]Iff ef/tsf] ;+ljwfgdf Hofbf dxŸjk"0f{ 5g\ . /, df}lns clwsf/ / cNk;+Vossf clwsf/sf] k"0f{ lglZrttfsf] bfloTj -rfx] clwsf/ klg xf]pmg\_ ;jf{lws dxŸj u|x0f ub{5g\ . o;sf lglDt d]/f ljrf/df ;aeGbf /fd|f] tl/sf of] x'G5 ls ;+3Lo Gofofnosf] clwsf/ If]qnfO{ a9fOof];\ h;af6 ltgn] o;l;t ;DalGwt dfldnfsf] ;'gjfO ug{ ;s"g\ . d]/f] lgj]bg s] 5 eg] df}lns clwsf/ jf b]zL l/of;tdf hxfFsxL+ klg p7"g\ To;df ljrf/ ug]{ clwsf/ ;+3Lo Tof] GofofnonfO{ g} x'g'kb{5 .Æ To;kl5 cDa]8s/n] ;+3Lo Gofofnosf] km};nfnfO{ nfu" ug]{ k|Zg cl3 ;f/] . ;ldltsf cWoIf nf8{ rfG;n/n] r]tfjgL lbPsf lyP ls ;b:o k|fGt jf l/of;tsf] ;bfzotfdf ;Gb]x JoQm gu¿g\ / of] dfg"g\ ls pgn] ;+3Lo Gofofnosf] km};nf kfng ug]{ tyf p;nfO{ nfu" ug{df lgi7fn] sfd u¿g\ . cDa]8s/n] eg] ls o; ljifodf hfg :6'c6{ ldnåf/f k|ltkflbt l;4fGt ckgfpg' kb{5 . cyf{t\ olb ;a} dflg; c;n 5g\ eg] sfg'g agfpg] cfjZostf g} 5}g . lsgeg] sf]xL dflg; g} v/fa x'G5g\ . of] ljifo clg0fL{t tl/sfn] 5f]8\g' x'Fb}g . pgn] cd]l/sfsf] Oltxf;sf s}of}F pbfx/0f lbPsf lyP . ToxfF /fHon] of t ;+3Lo Gofofnosf] km};nfnfO{ cjx]ngf u/] jf jiff}{;Dd

ltgnfO{ To;} yGsfP . To;kl5 pgL ef/tLo kl/l:yltlt/ kms]{ M æo:Tff cNk;+Vos ju{sf k|ltlglwsf gftfn] hf];+u oltv]/ s'g} clwsf/ 5}g / o; ju{n] dfu /fv]sf] clwsf/sf] :t/af/] lj/f]w x'G5 . ;fDk|bflos ax'dtaf6 k':6 k|fGtLo ;/sf/n] tL km};nf / cfb]znfO{ nfu" ug{sf lglDt tof/ xf]nf hf] pgsf lxtsf lglDt ?lrs/ 5}gg\ o;af/] dnfO{ slQ klg cfzf 5}g========= . ctM d]/f] lgj]bg 5 ls ;+3Lo ljwfg d08nnfO{ s]xL ljlzi6 clwsf/ lbOof];\ h;af6 To;n] ;+3Lo Gofofnosf km};nfnfO{ nfu" ug{ ;sf];\ .Æ hftLo jf ;fDk|bflos ;+3if{ eof] eg] s'g} klg ;+j}wflgs pkfo sfd nfUb}g eGg] s'/f] cDa]8s/;+u ul/of] . o;af/] o;sf] pQ/ lbb}g eGg] egfO pgsf] lyof] . pgn] gfl;s dlGb/ k|j]z ;Tofu|xsf ;dodf ePsf] cfkm\gf] pbfx/0f lbP . pgn] eg]– dfgf}F, dl;t Tof] df}lns clwsf/ ePsf] / d}n] To;sf] k|of]u ug{ rfx]sf] eP s] x'GYof] < 8f=cDa]8s/– dfgf}F, dlh:6«]6n] cfb]z ub{5 ls xfdLn] zflGt e+u ub}{ 5f}F . /, Tof] aGb ePg eg] pgn] xfdLnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ ug]{5g\ . dfgf}F, d ;+3Lo Gofofnodf hfG5' . of] klg dfGg'xf];\ ls o; dfldnfdf ;'gjfO ug]{ clwsf/ ;+3Lo GofofnonfO{ lbOPsf] 5 . /, ;+3Lo Gofofnon] dlh:6«]6sf] cfb]z unt 5 eG5 . dfGg'xf];\ To;kl5 d u[xdGqLg]/ cfpF5' / pgnfO{ ;+3Lo Gofofnosf] km};nf nfu" ug]{ s'/f eGb5' . olb u[xdGqL ;gftgL dflg;sf] ax'dtdf lge{/ 5g\ eg] pgn] d s]xL ug{ ;Sb}g eGg]5g\ . o;}n] o:tf] l:yltdf s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/nfO{ sfg'g kfng u/fpg] clwsf/ x'g'kb{5 .

lhGgf– tkfO{n] h] eGb} x'g'x'G5 o;df jhg 5 eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 . s'g} cfb]z kfng u/fpgsf lglDt o;sf k5fl8 klxn] k'ln;sf] tfut x'g'kb{5 . /, clGtd ;Qfsf ¿kdf ;]gfsf] zlQm . ;/sf/sf] ;+3Lo ;b:on] cfjZos k/]df ;]gfsf] ;xf/f kfPg eg] s'g} cfb]zsf] kfngf s;/L ug{ ;S5 < 8f=cDa]8s/– of] klg s]Gb|n] ug'{kg]{ 5 . d p;df s'g} klg k|ltaGw nufpg rfxGgF . d p;nfO{ Tof] clwsf/ lbg rfxG5' h;nfO{ p;n] o; k|of]hgsf lglDt cfjZos dfGb5 . Tof]

l:ylt klg cfpg ;Sb5 . rfx] tL clwsf/ h] klg x'g olb xfdLn] dflg;nfO{ ;+/If0f lbg rfxG5f}F eg] ;+3Lo ;/sf/;+u clwsf/ x'g'kb{5 . To;n] ;+3Lo Gofofnoaf6 ul/Psf] km};nfnfO{ ls|oflGjt u/fpg ;sf];\ . lhGgf– s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/nfO{ clwsf/ lbg' dfq sfkmL x'Fb}g . Tof] clwsfsf] k|jt{gsf lglDt Joj:yf tGq klg p;sf] xftdf x'g' klg h?/L x'G5 .

8f=cDa]8s/– o; of]hgf cGtu{t Tof];+u Joj:yf tGq x'g'kb{5 . lhGgf– s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/nfO{ zlQm lbOof];\ . t/ zlQmsf] k|of]u ug]{ ;fwg klg Tof];+u x'g'kb{5 .

8f=cDa]8s/– ;]gf, lhGgf– lans'n 7Ls . ;+ljwfgsf s]xL k|fjwfgdf 8f=cDa]8s/sf] s]xL cfz+sf lyof] . xfdLn] cfkm\gf] ;+ljwfg cWoog u/]sf] v08df of] s'/f] yfxf kfOG5 . pbfx/0fsf lglDt xfd|f] ;+ljwfgdf kLl8t gful/s ;f]em} ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf hfg ;Sb5 eGg] k|fjwfgsf] Jo:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

1=

o; efudf pNn]lvt clwsf/nfO{ nfu" ug{sf lglDt plrt k|ls|ofsf] cfwf/df ;jf]{Rr Gofofnodf hfg] clwsf/ lbPsf] 5 .

2=

o; efuåf/f k|bQ clwsf/ k|jt{gsf lglDt ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ ;d'lrt lgb]{z jf cfb]z h:t} x}lao; sfk{; -;Gb]x pkl:ylt_, dG8fd; -k/dfb]z_, k|f]lxlazg lgif]w_, sf]jf/06L -clwsf/_ / ;lz{cf]/f/L -k|fsif{0f_ cflb hf/L ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 . ;+ljwfgsf] cg'R5]b #@ af/]df af]Nb} ;+ljwfg ;efsf ;b:ox¿n] of] cg'R5]bsf] dxŸj a'em] eGg] s'/f]df cfkm\gf] k|;Ggtf JoQm u/]sf lyP . æolb dnfO{ ;+ljwfgsf] ;aeGbf dxŸjk"0f{ cg'R5]b s'g xf] / of]lagf ;+ljwfg a]sf/ x'g]5 eGg] s'/f] dnfO{ ;f]lwof] eg] d}n] oxL cg'R5]bsf] gfpF lng]5' . of] g} ;+ljwfgsf] cfTdf / To;sf] x\bo xf] .Æ======= o;df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] gofF ;dfb]z ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . of] cg'R5]bsf] ljz]iftf xf]Og . o;df oL ;dfb]z klxn]b]lv g} ljBdfg lyP . t/

pgsf] cfwf/ ljlw d08n lyP . cyf{t\ oL pkfo ljlw d08nsf] s[kfdf lge{/ lyP . s]xL ;b:ox¿n] ;f]leot ;+ljwfgdf lnlvt ;fdflhs / cfly{s clwsf/nfO{ k|z+;f u/]sf lyP . o;df 8f=cDa]8s/n] eg]sf lyP . æpkfon] g} clwsf/nfO{ jf:tljstf k|bfg ub{5g\ . olb pkfo 5}g eg] clwsf/ klg x'Fb}g .Æ 8f=cDa]8ssf] ljrf/ cg';f/ cg'R5]b #@ df JoQm ul/Psf] ;'/Iffsf lglDt ;aeGbf dxfg ;'/Iffsf pkfo ul/Psf 5g\ . of] cfz+sf x6fpg' h?/L lyof] . o;sf lglDt ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] lg0f{osf] kfngf x'g] 5}g . ;jf]{Rr cbfntåf/f clw3f]lift sfg'g ef/tsf ;a} cbfntdf afWosf/L x'Fb}g eGg] s'/f] ;+ljwfgdf k|fjwfg ul/Psf] 5 . cg'R5]b !$@ -!_ cGtu{t ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ clwsf/ lbOPsf] 5 ls p;n] o:tf] cfb]z jf lgb]{z hf/L ug{ ;sf];\ hf] p;sf] ljrf/fwLg dfldnfdf k"0f{ Gofo ug{sf lglDt cfjZos xf];\ . /, o;/L hf/L ul/Psf] cfb]z jf lgb]{znfO{ ;+;båf/f lgdf{0f ul/Psf sfg'g jf Tof]åf/f lgwf{l/t ljlwcg';f/ ;f/f ef/tdf k|jt{gLo x'g]5 . ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|lti7f / k|flwsf/ agfO /fVgsf lglDt p;nfO{ s]xL clwsf/ lbOPsf] 5 . p;n] s'g} klg ;fIfLnfO{ s'g} b:tfj]hsf] k|:t'tL ;'lglZrt ug{sf lglDt / cfkm\gf] dfgxflgsf lglDt s;}nfO{ b08 lbgsf lglDt klg cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;S5 . t/ of] kof{Kt eg] lyPg . Pp6f csf]{ cg'R5]bdf elgPsf] 5 ls ;a} k|flwsf/Lsf] st{Jo 5 ls pgLx¿n] cbfntsf] OR5fsf] k|jt{gdf To;nfO{ ;xof]u u¿g\ . æef/tsf] ;Ldfdf ;a} gful/s jf Goflos k|flwsf/Ln] ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ d2t ug]{5g\ .Æ cDa]8s/ ef/tsf] ufFp / a:tLsf] ;fdflhs /rgf;+u kl/lrt lyPF . ToxfF s'g} g s'g} ;j0f{ hflt xfaL x'G5 . k~rfot / :yfgLo lgsfodf logs} k|e'Tj x'G5 . lodWo] s'g} hfltdf /fHo ;/sf/sf] g} babaf x'G5 .

o; lsl;dsf zlQmzfnL ;d'bfo jf hfltn] cg';"lrt

hfltdfly cTofrf/ u5{g\ . o; l:yltdf :yfgLo :t/df kLl8t hfltn] cfkm\gf si6 lgjf/0f ug]{ cfzf g} s] /xG5 / < xl/of0fdf hf6sf] k|e'Tj 5, u'h/ftdf kf6Lbf/, dxf/fi6«df d/f7f, sgf{6sdf clwsf+z efudf ln+ufot / jSsflnuf hfltsf], cfGw| k|b]zdf t]nuf+gf / /fon;Ldf Onfsfdf /]8\8Lx¿sf] k|e'Tj 5 . o; l:yltdf s]Gb|n] g} blntnfO{ Gofo k|bfg ug{ ;S5 eGg]

;f]rfO cDa]8s/sf] lyof] . blntdf c;'/lIftsf] efjgf 5 . of] g} b]zdf s]Gb|Los/0fsf] a9\bf] k|j[lQsf] Pp6f k|d'v k|]/s xf] . cd]l/sfdf gZn ;DaGwL e]befj 5 . 5fnfsf] /+usf] cyf{t\ sfnf / uf]/faLrsf] e]bdf ToxfFsf cZj]n dflg; o; cGofosf lj?4 cfkm\gf] n8fOFdf jflz+u6glt/ cyf{t\ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, sfFu|];L / /fi6«kltlt/ cfzf u/]/ x]g]{ u5{g\ . lyof]8f]/ XjfO6n] a8f] ;l6s zAbdf cfkm\gf s'/f o;/L JoQm u/]sf 5g\ M æcZj]t g]tfx¿n] sfFu|];LnfO{ Pp6f ljw]os k|:Tffj u/]sf 5g\ . o; cGtu{t ;+3Lo ;/sf/ blIf0fdf cZj]t k~hLs/0f / dtbfgsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrttf ug{ ;sf];\ . sfFu|];LnfO{ o; k|:TffjnfO{ kf; u/fpg Ps bzs nfu]sf] lyof] . t/ o;sf af/]df zlQm sxfF 5 eGg] s'/f] pgLx¿nfO{ lans'n} :ki6 lyof] . of] zlQm jflZf+u6g tyf s]Gb|sf] /fhwfgLdf lyof] . /, pgLx¿ jflz+u6gsf] o; zlQmnfO{ k'gM–k'gM a9fpg rfxGy] . jflz+u6gsf] clwsf/nfO{ a9fpgsf lglDt pT;'s zlQmdf ;aeGbf zlQmzfnL, b[8 / bL3{hLlj zlQm cZj]tsf cfGbf]ngx¿ lyP .Æ ljs]Gb|Los/0fsf gLltsf lglDt Gofok"0f{ ;fdflhs Joj:yf, cf}lrTo Pj+ ;xfg'e"ltdf cfwfl/t dfgj ;DaGwsf] Jofks k|0ffnL pk]lIft x'G5 . Gofo efjgfsf] cefjdf g}ltstf hftLo / juL{o x'g] u5{ . p;nfO{ dfgjLo d"Nosf] Jofks cfwf/ k|fKt x'Fb}g . dfgjLo d"No / ;Totfsf] cefjdf :yfgLo PsfOdf ;Qfsf] cfGtl/s ¿k sdhf]/ x'G5 / clwsf/ jl~rt ju{dfly cTofrf/ ug]{ sf/0f g} x'g ;S5 . :jtGq ef/tsf] ;+j}wflgs 9fFrf k'/fgf] u|fdL0f k~rfotsf cfwf/df tof/ x'g'kb{5 . xfdLsxfFsf dxfTdf ufGwL / c¿ s]xL dflg;x¿ o; ljrf/ k|0ffnLsf ;dy{s lyP . pgLx¿sf lglDt j]i6 ldlg:6/ nf]stflGqs k|0ffnL :jLsfo{ lyPg . of] k|0ffnL ef/tsf lglDt cg's"n 5}g eGg] pgLx¿sf] ;f]rfO lyof] . u|fd k~rfotnfO{ d"n PsfO dfg]/ ck|ToIf k|0ffnLåf/f ;Dk"0f{ 9fFrf v8f ul/of];\ eGg] pgLx¿sf] rfxgf lyof] . t/ sfFu|];LnfO{ ;~rfng ug]{ a'l4hLljnfO{ k|frLg–u|fd k|0ffnL;+u ljz]if s'g} cfsif{0f lyPg . pgLx¿ cª\u|]hsf] /fhgLlts ljrf/af6 k|efljt lyP . xfd|f] ;f/f cfw'lgs ;+j}wflgs ljsf; pQ/bfoL ;/sf/ / k|ltlglw ;+:yftkm{ pGd'v /lxcfPsf] 5 . @! h"g, !($^ df ufGwLhLnfO{ Pp6f k|Zg ;f]lwPsf] lyof] . s] Soflag]6 ldzg of]hgf

cGtu{t aGg] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] pkof]u :j/fHosf] ;/sf/ lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 < ;+ljwfg lgdf{t[ ;+:yfdf ;a} ;Defjgfx¿ x'G5g\ eGg] pgsf] pQ/ lyof] . tyflk pgnfO{ Hofbf pDdLb lyPg . pgn] c¿ kIfnfO{ klg ;fy lng'kg]{ cfjZostftkm{ hf]8 lbPsf lyP . o; afx]s pgn] eg]sf lyP M æ:jtGqtfsf] :j¿k s] x'g] xf] o;af/] sfFu|];Lx¿ :jo+ Psdt lyPgg\ . slt dflg;nfO{ clx+;f / rvf{df ljZjf; 5 t/ o;sf] pN6f] s'/f] dnfO{ yfxf 5 . slt dflg; ufpFnfO{ d"n PsfO dfg]/ ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf kIfdf ePsf 5g\ . nf]lxof ;fdflhs cTofrf/sf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ rfxGy] o;sf lglDt ef/t k|yd >]0fLsf] ;}lgs zlQm agf]; / ef/tsf ;f/f 9fFrf Pp6f alnof] s]Gb| jl/kl/ v8f xf];\ . dh:tf] c¿ w]/} dflg;nfO{ klg of] yfxf 5 .Æ /fd dgf]x/ nf]lxofh:tf ljs]Gb|Ls/0fjfbL klg ;+;bLo nf]stGqsf ;dy{s lyP . pgsf] ;'emfj o:tf] lyof] . ;fj{hlgs 9fFrf b'O{ :t/sf] ;f6f] rf/ :t/df v8f ul/of];\ . pgn] o;nfO{ …rf}vDaf /fhÚ eGg] gfd /fv]sf lyP . o; of]hgf cGtu{t lhNnf k~rfot, gu/kflnsf / u|fd– k~rfotnfO{ ;+j}wflgs bhf{ lbg] pgsf] rfxgf lyof] . pgL k5f}6] ju{ h:t} cg';"lrt hflt / dlxnfnfO{ k|ltlglw ;+:yfdf Hofbf k|ltlglwTj lbg rfxGy] cYff{t\ pgLx¿nfO{ :jtGqtfdf a9L ;xefuL u/fpg rfxGy] . cDa]8s/nfO{ :yfgLo ;d'bfodf ljZjf; lyPg . ;efdf ljkIfsf ¿kdf af]Nb} cfkm\gf] clGtd jif{df 8f=cDa]8s/ u[x dGqLnfO{ eg]sf lyP . cg';"lrt hfltsf df}lns clwsf/ k|jt{gsf] lhDd]jf/L cfkm"n] lng'xf];\ . /fHosf ;/sf/n] of] sfd ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . k'ln;n] klg of] sfd ug{ ;Sb}g . lsgeg] Tof];+u To;sf] zlQm 5}g . ctM u[x dGqLn] Pp6f /fhgLlt1 ;/x o; sfdnfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s cfkm\gf] xftdf lng'kb{5 eGg] pgn] cfzf k|s6 u/]sf lyP . ha;Dd k|zf;g, dGqfno jf To;sf] cwLg s'g} ljz]if ljefun] of] sfd ub}{g ta;Dd s'g} k|zf;lgs ;kmntf k|fKt x'g]5}g . /fi6«jfbLx¿n] dfq ;/sf/ clwlgodsf pkaGwnfO{ cfnf]rgf u/]sf lyP . t/ o;af6 gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf lglDt Pp6f tof/L 9fFrf k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . cDa]8s/ k|f¿k ;ldltsf cWoIf lyP . pgn] of] s'/f] p7fP / ;+ljwfg ;efåf/f :jLs[t p2]Zosf k|:Tffjsf ;Gbe{df o;df cfjZos ;+zf]wg kl/jt{g u/] . cDa]8s/ k"0f{tM klZrdL nf]stGqjfbL cfbz{df ;dlk{t lyP . pgsf lglDt u|fd–k~rfot ;+:yf s'g} dxŸjsf] ljifo lyPg . pgn] o;nfO{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] k|f¿ksf] cfwf/ agfPgg\ . oltdfq xf]Og, o;sf] ljk/Lt pgn] ;+ljwfg ;efdf k|f¿k k|:t't ub}{

u|fd–k~rfot ;+:yfsf] sNkgfnfO{ cfnf]rgf u/] . pgn] eg]– ef/tsf a'l4hLlj u|fd– k~rfotk|lt hf] k|]d b]vfpFb} 5g\, Tof] bogLo 5 . ;DejtM of] pGgfO;f}F ztfAbLsf] k"jf{4sf la|l6z clwsf/L d]6sfkmsf] k|efj lyof] . o; ;+:yfdf uj{ ug]{ h:tf] s'g} s'/f] 5}g eGg] egfO 8f=cDa]8/sf] lyof] . æ;+;f/df w]/} kl/jt{g eP . o;aLr k~rfot l6s]sf 5g\ . of] ;fFRrf] s'/f] xf] . k|Zg 5, s'g w/ftndf < lgDg / :jfy{sf] w/ftndf . of] kSsf s'/f] xf] . oL u|fd–k~rfotx¿n] ef/tnfO{ a/afb u/]sf 5g\ eGg] d]/f] dfGotf xf] . k|fGtjfb / ;Dk|bfonfO{ lgGbf ug]{ dflg;x¿ g} ufpFsf ;dy{s 5g\ . ufpF s] xf] < of] ;+s'lrttfsf] kmf]xf]/ gfnL, c1fg, If'b|tf / hftLo bDdsf] j[lQsf] cFWof/f u'kmfx¿ x'g\ . ;+ljwfgsf] k|f¿kdf ufpFnfO{ 5f]8]/ JolQmnfO{ PsfOsf ¿kdf :jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 . o;df d v'zL 5', k|;Gg 5' .Æ 8f= cDa]8s/n] ufpF k~rfot ;+:yfnfO{ lgGbf u/]sf lyP . lsg ls oL ufpF k~rfotx¿ hflt–k|0ffnL, cTofrf/ / zf]if0fsf d"t{¿k x'g eGg] pgsf] ;f]rfO lyof] . pgn] k'/fgf Joj:yfnfO{ Wj:t kfg{ rfxGy] . hflt, wd{, ln+u cflb e]befj ;dfKt ug]{ pgsf] ljrf/ lyof] . of] sfd u/]/ dg'ionfO{ ;dfg dxŸj lbg] l;4fGtsf cfwf/df gofF Joj:yfsf] 9fFrf v8f ug]{ pgsf] rfxgf lyof] . o;}n] pgn] k~rfotnfO{ cGo :yfgLo lgsfosf ;fy gjf}F cg';"lrdf /fv] . /, lognfO{ ljwfg–d08nsf] cwLg /fv] .

efiffut k|fGt /rgf / cDa]8s/

8f=cDa]8s/sf ljrf/ ;a} k|Zgdf ckl/jt{gLo lyPgg\ . hflt–;+:yf pGd"ng / alnof] /fi6«sf lglDt pgsf lgs} nlrnf ljrf/ lyP . t/ ;dtfd"ns ;dfh :yfkgfsf] k|Zgaf/] pgsf] o:tf] ljrf/ kfOFb}g . pgsf n]v / lrGtg k9\bf oxL s'/f] yfxf kfOG5 . o; afx]s c¿ k|Zgdf pgsf abln/x]sf ljrf/ k9]/ dflg;nfO{ slxn]sfFxL s:tf]–s:tf] nfUg] u5{ . ljrf/sf] ;ftTo, ;+ult / l:y/tfk|lt pgsf] tl/sf dxfTdf ufGwLsf] h:t} lyof] . dxfTdf ufGwLnfO{ klxn] JoQm ul/Psf] ljrf/ :d/0f u/fOof] eg] pgn] cfkm\gf k|Zgstf{nfO{ oL c;+ultnfO{ gx]g]{ / pgsf jt{dfg ljrf/nfO{ g} k|fdfl0fs dfGg] s'/f] ub{y] . 8f=cDa]8s/sf] klg o; ;DaGwL o:t} s'/f] lyof] . t/ b'j}sf] :jefjdf lgs} cGt/ lyof] . ;fdfGotM pgsf s'/f lgs} tLvf / dg laem\g] vfnsf x'Gy] .

Psk6s cDa]8s/n] Od;{gsf] rrf{ ub}{ eg]sf lyP ls ljrf/sf] l:y/tf eg]sf] uwfsf] u'0f xf] . /, d}n] :jo+ cfkm"nfO{ uwf agfpg' d]/f] clei6 xf]Og . s'g} ;ftTotfsf lglDt efj s'g} klg ljrf/zLn k|0ffnL Pp6}df afFlwg' x'Fb}g . Ps lhDd]jf/ JolQmdf k'glj{rf/ ug]{ / cfkm\gf] ljrf/ kl/jt{g ug]{ ;fx; x'g'kb{5 . ljrf/ abNgsf lglDt plrt ts{ / kof{Kt sf/0f k|:t't ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . pko'{Qm s'/faf/] Pp6f pbfx/0f lbg ;lsG5 . efiffsf cfwf/df /fHo k'gu{7g ug{] af/] cDa]8s/sf] s'g} lglZrt l;4fGt lyPg . pgn] o;af/] leGg ;dodf ljleGg ljrf/ k|:t't u/] . t/ efiffut k|fGtsf] /rgfk|lt pgsf] lj/f]w lyof] . pgsf /rgf k9]/ oxL s'/f] yfxf kfOG5 . blIf0f ef/tsf] gSzf efiffsf cfwf/df lvlrPsf] lyof] . pgsf ljrf/df of] Pp6f b'3{6gf lyof] . /, o;af6 ef/tsf] nueu lj36g x'g]5 eGg] pgsf] egfO lyof] . efiffsf] l;4fGtsf cfwf/df sfFu|];Ln] ;+ljwfgdf kl/jt{g ug{ vf]h]sf] lyof] . o;sf lglDt cDa]8s/n] ufGwLhLsf] tLvf] cfnf]rgf u/] . t/ of] l;4fGt ufGwL cfpg'eGbf cl3 g} k|ToIf ¿kdf :jLsf/ ul/;lsPsf] lyof] . klxn] l;Gw / kl5 cfGw|nfO{ k[ys k|fGt agfOPsf] lyof] . ufGwLhLn] o; k|ls|ofnfO{ tfls{s kl/0flt;Dd dfq k'¥ofPsf lyP . pgn] lj/f]wlagf g} of] sfd u/] . o;sf] klg sf/0f 5 . /, Tof] sf/0f xf]– ltnssf cg'ofoLx¿n] klxn]b]lv g} o; l;4fGtsf cfwf/df sfd ub}{ lyP . cfkm\gf] k|f/lDes jif{x¿df ltnsn] vf; u/L df/f7L efifL If]qnfO{ cfkm\gf] sfo{ If]q agfPsf lyP . pgn] cfkm\gf] sfo{s\dsf] v'a} k|rf/ u/] . o;sf lglDt pgn] d/f7L efiff / …s];/LÚ klqsfnfO{

dfWod agfPsf lyP . t/ o;sf] P]ltxfl;s k[i7e\"ld h]h:tf] ePklg o; l;4fGtdf cDa]8s/ slxNo} klg cfslif{t / df]lxt ePgg\ . pgn] kfls:tfg ;DaGwL cfkm\gf] k':tsdf o;sf af/] n]v]sf 5g\ . pgn] To;df b]znfO{ aL; efiff cg';f/ 6S|ofP/ afF8\g] sfFu|];L of]hgfsf] lgs} Jo+Uo u/]sf 5g\ . cDa]8s/sf b[li6df efiffut k|fGtsf k|Zg ;dfwfgsf lglDt s]xL s'/fn] lgs} dxŸj /fV5g\ . pgsf] o:tf] egfO 5 . efiffsf] l;4fGtdf ag]sf ;a} /fHo cfly{s b[li6n] ;dy{ x'g'kb{5 . cGoyf tL ;w}+el/ s]Gb|Lo /fh:jsf] af]em eO/xg] 5g\ . o;sf cltl/Qm pgsf lglDt /fHodf hfltut /rgfsf] klg lgs} dxŸj lyof] . dxf/fi6«df cg';"lrt hflt tyf cGo k5f}6] ju{nfO{ ax';+Vos d/f7fsf] babafdf /xg'kg]{ s'/fsf] pgnfO{ 8/ lyof] . o; ;fdflhs ;+u7g / o; hfltut ;+/rgfnfO{ lal;{g] dflg;n] cfkm\gf] gfz ug{ vfN8f] cfkm}+ vGg]5 . cyf{t\ p;n] cfkm\gf] ljklQ cfkm}+ lgDTofpg]5 . cltzof]lQmdf s'/f ug]{ cDa]8s/sf] cfkm\g} ljlzi6 z}nL lyof] . /, o; z}nLdf pgn] hf6 /fHo, /]8\8L /fHo / d/f7f /fHosf] s'/f u/]sf lyP . pgn] Pp6f efiff af]Ng]x¿nfO{ Pp6f /fHodf hDdf ug]{ k|Zg klg p7fPsf lyP . pgL a8f] ;';+ul7t efiffut /fHosf kl/0ffd;+u eoeLt lyP . o;af6 lav08gsf] efjgf k}bf x'g]5 . /, o;af6 cGttM ef/tsf] Pstf gi6 x'g]5 eGg] pgsf] ;f]rfO lyof] . efiffut k|zf;lgs PsfOnfO{ pgn] lj/f]w t u/]gg\ . t/ pgn] o;df ;+od / ;Gt'ng ug]{ ;Nnfx lbPsf lyP . tfls ax';+Vos hfltx¿ efifut /fHosf cf8df cfkm\gf] zlQmsf] b'¿kof]u gu¿g\ . ;g\ !(%# df pgsf] o:tf] l:ylt lyof] . b'O{ jif{kl5 /fHo k'gu{7g cfof]usf] l/kf]6{af/] Pp6f lj:t[t k'l:tsf n]v]/ pgn] o; s'/f]nfO{ cl3 a9fP . Toltv]/ pgsf s]xL ljrf/ kl/jt{g ePsf lyP . clxn] pgsf lglDt efiffut /fHo clgjfo{ ePsf lyP . t/ of] k|Zg efjgf/lxt ljj]ssf cfwf/df lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . /, bnLo lxtsf cfwf/df lx+;fTds cfGbf]ngaf6 x'g' x'Fb}g eGg] pgsf] egfO lyof] . Tof] a]nf of] cfzf lgd"{n l;4 eof] . of] k|Zg efjgfj]lzt eof] . /, h'g ;d:of ljj]saf6 ;'Nemfpg'kg]{ lyof] Tof];+u bnut /fhgLltn] 3fts v]n v]Ng ;'? u¥of] . oltv]/ efifut /fHo b'O{ sf/0fn] cfjZos 5 eGg] 8f= cDa]8/sf] ;f]rfO lyof] .

1

nf]stflGqs sfo{nfO{ ;lhnf] agfpg' .

2

;fF:s[lts / eflifs tgfj x6fpg' . olt eg] klg 8f=cDa]8s/n] b]zdf cfOkg]{ vt/fk|lt va/bf/L u/L /x] . of] efiffut

/fHosf] :yfkgfdf g} cGtlg{lxt 5 . olb efiffut /fHodf ToxfFsf efiffnfO{ /fHoefiff agfOof] eg] of] cfGbf]ng cg]s :jfwLg /fi6«x¿ lgdf{0f eP/ b"lift x'g]5g\ . :jfwLg /fHo / :jfwLg /fi6«aLr ljefhs /]vf lgs} dl;gf] x'G5 . gofF /fHo u7g ePkl5 lxGbLnfO{ ;a} k'gu{l7t /fHosf] efiffsf ¿kdf ckgfOof];\ / lxGbL o;sf lglDt ;Ifd gxf]pGh]n cª\u|]hL efiffnfO{ hf/L /fVg'kb{5 eGg] 8f=cDa]8s/sf] ;'emfj lyof] . o:tf] ul/Pg eg] eflifs /fHosf sf/0f /fi6«sf] Pstf rfF8} g} vt/fdf kg]{5 . km]l/ x:j dfd"n pQ]hgfTds z}nLdf pgn] cfkm\gf] s'/f o;/L /fv]sf lyP . h;n] /fHosf] cfly{s k'gu{7g of]hgfsf] cleGg c+usf] ¿kdf o; ;'emfjnfO{ :jLsf/ ub}{g To;n] cfkm"nfO{ ef/tLo x'F eGg] clwsf/ klg x'Fb}g . k|fb]lzs efiffx¿nfO{ /fhefiffsf ¿kdf :jLsf/ ul/of] eg] o;n] ;+o'Qm ef/tsf] ljrf/nfO{ d[To'sf] 306L ahfpg'kg]{ 5. cDa]8s/n] x/]s ljjfbdf ts{ ug]{ uy]{ . pgn] cfkm\gf] s'/f]sf] cf}lrTo l;4 ug{ rfxGy] . o;sf lglDt pgn] k"0f{tM tfls{s dfu{ g} ckgfpFy] . t/ hLjg xd];f ts{ / a'l4jfb cg';f/ rNg] ub}{g . hgtfsf efjgfk|lt klg cfFvf lrDn]/ a:g ;lsb}g . Jofjxfl/s s'/f cGttM ;}4flGts ts{df 5fpg] ub{5 . gofF eflifs /fHosf] lgdf{0fsf af/]df o:tf] g} eof] . efiffut /fHo lgdf{0fsf lglDt ;zQm ;+u7g lyof] . 8f= cDa]8s/n] o;sf lj?4 Jofjxfl/s / csf6\o sf/0f cl3 ;fg]{ ub{y] . cfof]usf clwsf+z ;b:ox¿n] dWo k|b]zsf lj:t[t Pj+ b'j{x /fHonfO{ Ho"Fsf–To"F /xg lbg] l;kmfl/; u/]sf lyP . 8f=cDa]8s/n] o;sf] lj/f]w u/]sf lyP . 7"nf lxGbL efifL /fHox¿sf] k|e'Tjsf kl/0ffdsf ;DaGwdf pgsf dgdf s}of}F cfz+sf lyP . pgn] pQ/ k|b]zsf] ljefhg;+u ;DalGwt klGgs/sf] c;xdlt kqnfO{ ;dy{g u/]sf lyP .

8f=cDa]8s/n] k|To]s /fHodf jf~5lgotfsf] s'/f] u/] . ;g\ !($! sf] hgu0fgf cg';f/ ef/tdf pQ/ k|b]zsf] hg;+Vof ^ s/f]8 #@ nfv, laxf/sf] # s/f]8 *@ nfv / k'gu{l7t dWo k|b]zsf] @ s/f]8 ^! nfv lyof] . o;sf] ljk/Lt blIf0fdf t]nuf+gfsf] hg;+Vof ! s/f]8 !# nfv / s]/nsf] ! s/f]8 #^ nfv dfq lyof] . /fHosf lglDt cfbz{ jf cfjZos hg;+Vof $ s/f]8 jf # s/f]8 dfGg] xf] eg] blIf0fdf ldNbfh'Nbf /fHo agfpg ;/sf/ afWo x'g] lyof] . eflifs

l;4fGtsf b[li6n] of] c;Dej s'/f] lyof] . o;}n] 7"nf lxGbL efifL /fHonfO{ 6'S|ofP/ ;+3Lo s]Gb|df ;Gt'ng :yflkt ug{' kb{5 eGg] 8f=cDa]8s/sf] ;'emfj lyof] . o;sf] ;dfwfg o;/L ug{ ;lsGYof] . pQ/ k|b]znfO{ tLg /fHo / laxf/ tyf dWo k|b]znfO{ b'O{–b'O{ /fHox¿df ljefhg ug'{kb{5 . pQ/ k|b]z / laxf/sf] ;Gbe{df 8f=cDa]8s/sf] k|:tfjnfO{ Jofjxfl/s ¿k lbg ;lsGYof] . of] k|fs[lts ljefhgsf] cg'¿k klg x'g] lyof] . dWo k|b]zsf] pQ/ / blIf0fsf /fHodf ljefhg ug'{ Jofjxl/s lyPg . t/ dWo ef/tnfO{ klxn]sf] ¿k lbP/ pQ/ k|b]zsf] a'Gb]nv08 efunfO{ ldnfP/ tyf k'gu{l7t laGWo k|b]z jf dxfsf}zn laGWo If]qaf6 5lQ;u9 If]qnfO{ cNUofP/, dWo k|b]zsf] ljzfn /fHonfO{ tLg /fHodf afF8g ;lsGYof] . t/ laxf/ / pQ/ k|b]zsf /fhg]tfx¿n] cDa]8s/sf] of]hgfnfO{ slxNo} :jLsf/ ug]{ lyPgg\ . cflv/ 7"nf /fHosf sf/0f k|fKt u/]sf] /fhgLlts zlQmnfO{ pgLx¿n] s;/L 5f]8\g ;Sy] < lxGbL /fHo / lxGbL efifL If]qsf lj?4 :yfoL k"jf{u|xsf] cf/f]k cDa]8s/dfly nufpg' 7Ls x'g]5}g . pgL ˆo'hg u/]/ agfOPsf ;d]lst 7"nf lxGbL efifL /fHosf lj?4 lyP . t/ ;'?df pgn] ;+o'Qm dxf/fi6«sf] klg ;dy{g u/]gg\ . pgn] d/f7L efifLsf dflg;nfO{ tLg k[ys /fHodf ljtl/t ug{ rfx]sf lyP . efiff ;DaGwL /fHosf af/] n]lvPsf pgsf lgaGwdf aDaO{nfO{ cnu /fHo agfpg] ljrf/nfO{ klg ;dy{g ul/Psf] 5 . cg';"lrt hflt / cNk;+Vossf lglDt aDaO{ ax'dtsf] cft+saf6 z/0f lbg] :yfg agf];\ eGg] pgsf] rfxgf lyof] . o; k|:tfjåf/f dxf/fi6«sf] k|frLg ;+:s[ltnfO{ k'gM :yflkt ub}{ 5' eGg] egfO cDa]8s/sf] lyof] . o;sf] cy{ xf] ls k|frLg sfndf tLg dxf/fi6« -qoL dxf/fi6«_ lyP . pgsf] klxnf] ts{ lyof] ls Pp6f ;/sf/n] olt ljzfn ;+o'Qm dxf/fi6«df zf;g rnfpg ;Sb}g . olt 7"nf] /fHonfO{ s'zn k|zf;g rnfpg' c;Dej s'/f] xf] . pgn] k|Zg u/] æ;+o'Qm /fHo s;sf nflu < dxf/fi6«sf lglDt k[ys /fHo Pp6f s'/f] xf] .Æ t/ Pp6} dxf/fi6« lans'n csf]{ s'/f] xf] . pgn] af/Daf/ hfgsf/L u/fO /x] u/] ls æPs /fHo Ps efiffsf] ;"qnfO{ Ps efiff Ps /fHosf] ;"qn] uf]ndfn ug'{ x'Fb}g .Æ pgn] bf];|f] ;"qnfO{ :jLsf/ ub}{gy] . of] cgfjZos ;"q lyof] / o;nfO{ 5f8\g'kb{5 eGg] pgsf] cfu|x lyof] . pgsf] bf];|f] ts{ lyof] . tL tLg If]qsf] cfly{s c;dfgtf, ljz]if u/]/ d/f7jf8f If]qsf] s[lif, pBf]u / lzIffdf k5f}6]kg x'g' . cDa]8s/ d/f7fsf] k|e'Tj b]v]/ eoeLt lyP eGg] s'/f] a'lemG5 . d/f7fsf] zlQm a9\of] eg] cg';l" rt hfltx¿sf] ;'/IffnfO{ vt/f x'g]5 . o;}n] pgn] d/f7f zlQmsf] PsqLs/0f /f]Sg rfxGy] . kl5 uP/ d/f7fsf] b+uf /

cGo 36gfx¿af6 8f= cDa]8s/sf] cfz+sfsf] k'li6 x'G5 . pgsf lglDt d/f7fsf] /fhgLlts rft'o{k|lt ljz]if cfb/ lyPg . pgdf /fhgLlts k|ltef 5}g eGg] pgsf] egfO lgof] . t/ cj;/n] dflg;nfO{ of]Uo agfpF5 eGg] s'/f] :jo+ pgn] ub{y] . afn u+ufw/ v]/ -!(#&–%@_ / df]/f/hL b];fO{ -!(%@–%%_ sf] ;/sf/df d/f7f dGqLx¿åf/f b]vfOPsf] csd{0otfsf cfwf/df 8f=cDa]8s/sf] lgisif{ lyof] . ozjGt/fj rf}xfg, j;Gt/fj kfl6n / z/b kjf/sf] d'VodlGqTj sfnsf] g]t[Tj b]Vg pgL hLljt /x]gg\ . olb pgL afFr]sf eP dnfO{ ljZjf; 5 ls d/f7fx¿sf] /fhgLlts k|ltefsf af/]df pgn] cfkm\gf ljrf/ ;+zf]wg ug]{ lyP . d/f7fdfly 3l6of ls;fg ePsf] cf/f]k klg nufOg] ul/GYof] . t/ cj;/ / cfw'lgs s[lif ;DaGwL 6]Sgf]nf]hLsf ;fwg pknAw ePsf]n] pgLx¿ s'zn / k|ultzLn ls;fgsf ¿kdf cl3 a9] .

8f=cDa]8s/n] tLg d/f7L efifL /fHox¿sf] ;dy{g u/]/ a8f] ljnIf0f ts{ lbPsf lyP . d/f7f hflt /fhgLlts b[li6n] lgs} lk5l8Psf] 5 eGg] egfO pgsf] lyof] . olb tLgj6f dxf/fi6« /fHo eP eg] tLg hgfnfO{ d'VodGqLsf] k|lzIf0f k|fKt x'g]5 . pgLx¿n] k[ys /fHosf] dfu ug'{kb{5 eGg] ;Nnfx pgn] lbPsf lyP . -/fHo k'gu{7g cfof]un] k"jL{ dxf/fi6« ljbe{sf lglDt cnu /fHosf] l;4fGtsf] ¿kdf klxn] g} :jLsf/ ul/;s]sf] lyof]_ cDa]8s/n] dxf/fi6«sf] k'glj{t/0f ug]{ cfkm\gf] of]hgf k|:t't u/]sf lyP . To;kl5 cDa]8s/n] eg] ls cfGw|, s0ff{6s, u'h/ft / dWo k|b]zsf d/f7L efifL OnfsfnfO{ ;d]t ;+nUg d/f7L /fHodf ldnfpg' kb{5 . cDa]8s/n] o:Tff ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . t/ tL ;'emfjnfO{ :jLsf/ ul/Pg . /, ltgaf6 s'g} kl/0ffd lg:s]g . pgsf] ts{n] ubf{ hgtfsf] efjgf lgs} k|efjzfnL ;flat eof] . pgdf ts{ / ljj]s ug]{ lgs} Ifdtf lyof] . /, oxL g} pgsf] ljlrqtf klg xf] . o:tf] ts{ / ljj]s ePsf] k'hf/L d}n] clxn];Dd e]6]sf] 5}g . o;aLr dxf/fi6«sf] cfGbf]ng rls{b} lyof] . 8f= cDa]8s/n] aDaO{nfO{ k[ys /fHo agfpg] of]hgf 5f8] . pgn] cfkm\gf] sltko e"ldsf km]/kmf/ u/] . /, elGg5 cGtdf pgn] aDaO{ ;lxt ;+o'Qm dxf/fi6«sf] ;dy{g u/] . Toltv]/ d uf]jfsf] h]ndf lyPF . dnfO{ o; kl/jt{gsf af/] JolQmut hfgsf/L x'g] s'/} ePg . pQ/ k|b]z, laxf/, cfGw| k|b]z, dxf/fi6« / dWo k|b]zh:Tff ljzfn /fHo lgdf{0fsf] ;DaGwdf cDa]8s/sf] dt cg's"n ag]sf] lyof] . o;af/] d}n] clxn];Dd s'g} lnlvt hfgsf/L k|fKt u/]sf] 5}g . cDa]8s/sf] dg v'nf lyof] . of] ;xL s'/f] xf] . slxn]sfFxL pgn] crDd kg]{ u/L cfkm\gf ljrf/ klg rfF8} kl/jt{g ub{y] . o:tf]

nfUbYof] ls dg g} rSs/df kb{Yof] . t/ pgsf] dg vfnL x'Fb}gYof] . pgn] ;fgf / nueu ;dfg cfsf/ ePsf /fHox¿ -hg;+Vof, If]qkmn / ;fwgdf_ dg k/fpFy] . /, pgn] cfkm\gf] uxg cf:yfsf] efjgfdf au]/ kl/jt{g u/]sf xf]nfg\ eGg] s'/f] ug'{ klg cˆ7]/f] 5 . Pp6f r'gfjdf rfnafhLsf ¿kdf pgn] cGttM ;+o'Qm dxf/fi6«nfO{ ;dy{g u/]sf xf]nfg\ . pQ/ / blIf0faLr ;+3if{ rNb} lyof] . o:t} lxGbL / clxGbLaLr klg slrª\un lyof] . of] b]v]/ 8f=cDa]8s/ klg lgs} lrlGtt lyP . pgn] blIf0fdf ef/tsf] bf];|f] /fhwfgL agfpgsf lglDt ckLn u/]sf lyP . pgn] x}b/fafb / l;sGb/fafb If]qnfO{ d'Vo cfo'Qmsf] k|b]z agfP/ To;df ef/tsf] bf];|f] /fhwfgL :yflkt ug{ rfx]sf lyP . b]zsf] /Iff ;DaGwL cfjZostfsf b[li6n] pgn] o; ;'emfjnfO{ ;dy{g u/]sf lyP . x}b/fafbsf] hnjfo' :jf:Yoaw{s ePsf]n] udL{ df};ddf klg oxfF ;/sf/L / ;+;bn] sfd ug{ ;S5g\ eGg] pgsf] ljrf/ lyof] .

8f=cDa]8s/sf] /fHosf] k'gu{7g ;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ xf] eg] pgsf ljrf/ c6n lyPgg\ eGg] s'/f] a'lemG5 . oL ljrf/ ;do–;dodf abln /xGy] . t/ ;a} ljrf/x¿ lglZrt ts{df cfwfl/t lyP, efjgdf cfwfl/t lyPgg\ . pgn] /fHosf] k'gu{7gnfO{ lgDg k|fyldstf lbnfPsf lyP . pgn] 7"nf /fHonfO{ dg k/fpFb}gy] . Psflt/ pgL sdhf]/ / blnt ju{dfly x'g] zlQmzfnL hfltsf] cTofrf/sf] 8/af6 u|:t lyP . csf]{lt/ pgL /fli6«o Pstfdf efiffut /fHosf gsf/fTds k|efjaf6 lrlGtt lyP . kfls:tfgsf ;DaGwdf n]lvPsf] pgsf] k|:tfjdf pgn] o; lsl;dsf] k'gu{7gnfO{ lj/f]w u/]sf 5g\ . ;g\ !($* df pgn] Ps efifL dxf/fi6«sf] ;dy{g u/] . /, k'gu{l7t /fHox¿sf] /fh efiff ;+3sf] /fh efiff x'g'kb{5 eGg] s'/f] klg pgn] u/]sf lyP . k|f/Dedf aDaO{nfO{ dxf/fi6«af6 cnu ug]{ s'/f]df 8f=cDa]8s/n] lj/f]w u/]sf lyP . /, ;g\ !(%# df pgn] :jo+ cfkm"nfO{ g} k|Zg u/] . s] ax'efifL /fHosf bf]if lgsfNg] xf] eg] ltgL alg /xg ;Snfg\ < To;kl5 cg';"lrt hflt tyf cGo cNk;+Vossf lglDt z/0f :ynLsf ¿kdf pgn] aDaO{nfO{ k[ys /fHo agfpg] s'/f] u/]sf lyP . /, cGtdf ;+o'Qm dxf/fi6«sf af/] pgn] ;+o'Qm dxf/fi6« ;ldltsf] ;dy{g u/] . dt kl/jt{gsf k5fl8 sdhf]/ ju{nfO{ ;+/If0f lbg] / /fi6«sf] Pstf agfO /fVg pgsf] pTs6 OR5f lyof] . pgsf abln/x]sf ljrf/sf kl5 Pp6f P]Sosf/L ;+sNkgf lyof] .

sfg'g dGqL cDa]8s/

;g\ !(#( b]lv ;g\ !($@ ;Dd låtLo ljZj o'4 ePsf] lyof] . o; o'4n] ef/tLo ;dfhdf ;+3if{ / cGtlj{/f]w a9fPsf] lyof] jf egf}F To;sf] c;/ ef/tdf klg k/]sf] lyof] . oxfFsf] ;+s6 r/d laGb'df k'u]sf] lyof] . sfFu|];Ln] hgtfsf] ;xdtLlagf ef/tnfO{ o'4df ws]n]sf]df lj/f]w u/]sf] lyof] . o;} s'/f]nfO{ cl3 ;f/]/ sfFu|];Lsf ;/sf/x¿n] Tofukq lbP . cª\u|]hn] o'4sf ;dodf ;Qf x:tfGt/0f ug{ dfg]g . sfFu|];L ;/sf/n] Tofukq lbP . o;df v'zL eP/ d'l:nd nLun] d'lQm lbjz dgfof] . 8f=cDa]8s/ klg o; v'zLdf ;l/s ePsf lyP . ;g\ !(#& df pgn] s]xL cg'ej a6'n]sf lyP . Toltv]/ blnt ju{sf k|ltlglwnfO{ ;Qfaf6 cnu ul/of] . cDa]8s/ o;af6 sfFu|];L;+u w]/} l/;fPsf lyP . ptf d'l:nd nLun] lå/fi6«L l;4fGt / ljefhgtkm{ kfOnf rfNof] . d'l:nd nLu / 8f=cDa]8s/ b'j} ldn]/ pQ/bfoL /fli6«o ;/sf/ agfpg] sfFu|];sf] k|:tfjnfO{ lj/f]w u/] . cNk;+Vossf] ;d:of ;dfwg gu?Gh]n /fli6«o ;/sf/ aGg' x'Fb}g eGg] tL b'j}sf ljrf/ lyof] . la|l6z ;/sf/n] ef/tdf cfkm\gf] zf;g l6sfO /xg rfxGYof] . o;sf lglDt p;n] o; cfGtl/s km'6sf] pkof]u u¥of] . sfFu|];Ln] lgolGqt l;len gfkm/dfgL cfGbf]ng ;'? u¥of] . /, ;g\ !($@ df …u/ jf d/Ú eGg] gf/fsf ;fy sfFu|];L ;+3if{df plqof] . 8f=cDa]8s/nfO{ sfFu|];Lsf] gLlt / cfsfª\Iff b'j} dg k/]sf] lyPg . b'j}aLr ulx/f] vfN8f] aGg] l:ylt k}bf eof] . efO;/fon] cfkm\gf] sfo{sf/L kl/ifbnfO{ ef/tLos/0f u/] . /, pgn] 8f=cDa]8s/nfO{ To;df ;l/s x'g lgDTofP . cDa]8s/ aDaO{ xfOsf]6{sf] Gofoflwz / kl5 ;+3Lo Gofofnosf] Gofoflwz aGg ;Sby] . t/ pgL ;fj{hlgs hLjgaf6 cnu x'g rfxGgy] . pgn] sfo{sf/L kl/ifbdf ;l/s x'g] lg0f{o u/] . cDa]8s/ >d dGqL ag] . ev{/s } f] s'/f] xf] . >lds dflns–;/sf/sf] lqkIfLo jftf{sf] gLlt tof/ ePsf] lyof] . pgn] o; gLltnfO{ ;'b[9 / cl3 a9fpg] sf]lzz u/]sf lyP . pgn] cfkmF}n] …u'nfd ;+ljwfgÚ eg]sf] ;+ljwfgsf ;Ldf cGtu{t /x]/ sfd ug'{ kl//x]sf] lyof] . o; ;+ljwfg cg';f/ jf:tljs ;Qf jf pQ/bfloTj dGqLx¿nfO{ ;'lDkPsf] lyPg . o'4 ;'? x'g] a]nf dhb'/ cfGbf]ngsf h'emf? tKsf ;/sf/sf] lj?4 lyP . oBlk Pd=Pg= /fosf cg'ofoLx¿n] ;xof]u ub}{ lyP . /, abnfdf !# xhf/ ?k}ofF dfl;s cg'bfgsf

¿kdf k|fKt ub}{ lyP . Tolta]nfsf] of] /fd|} /sd lyof] . ca sDo'lg:6 klg cfˆgf] o'4 lj/f]wL gLlt kl/jt{g ug]{ k|ls|ofdf lyP . pgsf lglDt o'4 clxn] hgtfsf] o'4 ePsf] lyof] . oL 36gfn] ubf{ /fi6«jfbL tTjdf lgs} s6'tf k}bf eof] . o'4sfnLg ;xof]usf] sf/0f cDa]8s/k|lt pgLx¿sf] k"jf{u|x cem alnof] eof] . o;af6 ;fdflhs Pstfsf] nIonfO{ wSsf nfu]sf] lyof] . ;g\ !($% df lzdnf ;Dd]ngsf cj;/df sfFu|];Lsf g]tfx¿ h]naf6 5'6] . t/ Tof] ;Dd]ng c;kmn ePsf] lyof] . Tolta]nf la|6]gdf n]j/ kf6L{sf] ;/sf/ lyof] . To; ;/sf/n] s]Gb|Lo ljwfg ;ef / k|fGtLo ;efsf lglDt gofF r'gfjsf] 3f]if0f u¥of] . r'gfj ljlwjt\ ;DkGg eof] . ;g\ !($% sf] ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfjdf d'l:nd nLusf] d'l:nd lgjf{rg If]qdf ef/L lht eof] . ;g\ !($^ sf] k|fGtLo r'gfjdf klg o; nLun] o:t} ;kmntf k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] . o;sf] Psdfq ckjfb pQ/–klZrdL ;LdfGt k|fGt lyof] . t/ d'l:nd nLun] Tof] ;'b"/ k|fGtdf klg ljut ( jif{df cfkm\gf] l:ylt lgs} ;'wf/]sf] lyof] . :d/0fLo 5, ;g\ !(#& df ToxfF d'l:nd nLusf] s'g} cl:tTj g} lyPg . o; k6s Tof] kf6L{n] ToxfF sfFu|];LeGbf Hofbf ;L6 k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] . ToxfF ;fdfGo ;L6sf] ;xof]un] 8f=vfg ;fx]asf] dlGqd08n ag]sf] lyof] . ;g\ !($% sf] cfd r'gfjsf] csf]{ Pp6f dxŸjk"0f{ ljz]iftf lyof] . o]/j8f s/f/ cg';f/ k|fylds r'gfjdf cg';"lrt hfltåf/f ckgfOPsf] Jojxf/ . 8f=cDa]8s/ cg';"lrt hflt ;+3sf d'lvof lyP . cg';"lrt hftsf ax';+Vos hgtf o;sf k5fl8 5g\ . /, xl/hgsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ sfFu|];Lsf] bfaL e"m6f] xf] eGg] s'/f] o; ;+3n] l;4 ug{ rfxGYof] . t/ cg';"lrt hflt ;+3n] ;f/f ef/tdf cfkm\gf] klxrfg agfpg ;s]g . aDaO{ k|]l;8]G;L / ;L=kL= a/fa/sf d/f7L efifL If]qdf cDa]8s/sf ;dy{sn] ;zQm zlQm k|bz{g u/] . t/ c¿ If]qdf pgL sfFu|];LeGbf kl5 g} lyP . /lj z+s/ z'Snn] dxfljbe{ If]qdf cDa]8s/sf] /fd|f] ;'emfj 5 eGg] s'/f]nfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf lyP . gfuk'/sf dhb'/ g]tf cf/=P;= ?Os/ lyP . pgsf] egfO 5 – 8f=cDa]8s/sf] g]t[Tjdf alnof] kf6L{n] sfd ub}{5 . /, ;'emfp lbP ls sfFu|];L tyf c¿ k|ultzLn zlQmaLr ;Demf}tf eof] eg] sfFu|];Ln] cf/lIft ;L6, dhb'/, dlxnfsf lgjf{rg If]qsf ;L6 lhTg ;S5 . ;/bf/ k6]nn] o; ;xof]usf] clknk|lt ?lr b]vfP . s'g} klg ;L6 sfFu|];LeGbf aflx/ jf sfFu|];L lj/f]wL pDd]bjf/n] lhTg g;s"g\ eGg] ljrf/ pgsf] lyof] .

pl8;f / cGo k|fGtdf cDa]8s/sf] l:ylt ;Gtf]ifhgs lyPg . pl8;fsf ;DaGwdf ljZjgfy bf;n] ;/bf/ k6]nnfO{ o;/L n]v]/ k7fPsf lyP M æcg';"lrt ju{ lgjf{rg If]qsf k|fylds r'gfjdf u+hd, k'/L / an;f]8 lhNnfsf rf/j6f ;L6x¿ / s6s lhNnfsf] Pp6f ;L6 lglj{/f]w eP . s6s lhNnfsf cGo ;L6 / ;Dank'/ lhNnfsf] ;L6df 8f=cDa]8s/sf] kf6L{;+u hf]8bf/ 6Ss/ 5 . To; kf6L{nfO{ clvn ef/tLo kf6L{n] d2t ub}{ 5 . t/ o;df lrGtf ug'{kg]{ s'g} s'/f 5}g . xfdL k|fylds r'gfjsf lglDt tof/ lyof}+ . /, pgsf] hfltdf klg k|ltåGåL pDd]bjf/sf] lgs} sd ;dy{g 5 eGg] s'/f] xfdLn] b]vfpg rfxGYof}F . of] cDa]8s/sf lglDt /fd}| kf7 x'g] lyof] . t/ pgn] pko'{Qm kfFrj6f ;L6df sf]lzz g} u/]gg\ . o;f] x'Fbf oL lgjf{rg If]qdf k|fylds r'gfj g} ePgg\ .Æ lb;]Da/ @), !($% df ;L=kL= a/f/sf e"tk"j{ lk|ldo/ /lj z'Snn] Pp6f lr6\7L ;/bf/ k6]nnfO{ k7fPsf lyP . o; lr6\7Ldf o:tf] n]lvPsf] lyof]M æd/f7L efifL ;L=kL= a/f/df xfdLn] xl/hg pDd]bjf/ ;DaGwL k|fylds r'gfjdf ?lr lng' x'Fb}g . lsg eg] sfFu|];Lsf pDd]bjf/ cDa]8s/n] ujO{ / vf+8]s/ ;d"xsf pDd]bjf/nfO{ x/fpg ;Sb}gg\ . k|fylds r'gfjkl5 s}of}+ lgjf{lrt ;b:on] sfFu|];Ls} ;xof]u vf]Hnfg\ . clg xfdL tLdWo] of]Uo dflg;nfO{ /f]Hg ;S5f}F .Æ of] gLlt nf]e / 3';sf] gLlt xf] eGg] egfO cDa]8s/sf] lyof] . /, pgsf] of] egfO 7Ls} klg lyof] . ;/bf/ k6]nn] la|hnfn laof0fLnfO{ cem rt'/tfk"0f{ gLlt ckgfpg'kb{5 eGg] ;Nnfx o;/L lbPsf lyP M æxl/hg ;L6af6 cfkm\gf dflg; n8fpm . t/ pgLx¿nfO{ sf+u]|;sf] l6s6 gb]pm . /, olb p;n] lhTof] eg] To;nfO{ sf+u]|;df Nofpm .Æ ;/bf/ k6]nn] cDa]8s/l;t k/flht x'g] sn+saf6 aRg rfxGy] . r'gfj kl/0ffd sf+u]|; / d'l:nd nLus} kIfdf uof] . /, of] oL b'j}sf lglDt ;Gtf]ifhgs s'/f] lyof] . c¿ ;a} kf6L{x¿ o; r'gfjdf ;kmfof eP . sfFu|];Ln] oxfFsf] cfGbf]ngdf cg]s b'Mv– si6 ;x]sf] lyof] . o;}n] oxfFsf hgtfn] sf+u]|;nfO{ lgs} ;dy{g u/]sf lyP . o; kf6L{sf] h/f] oxF cem} ulxl/of] . d/f7L efifL If]qnfO{ 5f]8]/ cGo If]qsf blnt ju{df klg sfFu|];Ls} cfwf/ alnof] eof] . o;af6 8f=cDa]8s/ lgs} lg/fz eP . dO{, !($^ df pgn] efO;/fosf] kl/ifbaf6

/fhLgfdf lbP . cGtl/d ;/sf/n] l;tDa/ !($^ df sfd ug{ yfNof] . gofF ;/sf/df cDa]8s/sf] :yfg huhLjg /fdn] lnP . ca cDa]8s/n] s] ug]{ < pgnfO{ 56k6L x'g yfNof] . la|l6z ;/sf/n] klg pgnfO{ pk]Iff u¥of] . o;n] ubf{ pgL emg} ¿vf] ePsf lyP . ;g\ !($%df ;/bf/ k6]n h]naf6 5'6] . Toltv]/ pgdf lgs} kl/jt{g eO;s]sf] lyof] . ca ;Qf xft kg]{ s'/f] kSsf lyof] . /, o;df pgnfO{ k"/} ljZjf; lyof] . ptf O+UNof08df n]a/ kf6L{ ljhoL ePsf] lyof] . o;n] pgsf] ljZjf;nfO{ k'li6 ub{5 . ;/bf/ k6]n ;Tofu|x / k|ToIf sf/afxLsf ;dy{s lyP . o; l:yltdf pgL lans'n} abln;s]sf lyP . sf+u]|; zf;s–zlQm xf] eGg] 7x/ pgsf] lyof] . k}t[s ;+/If0f gLlt ckgfP/ hgtfsf ;a} tx / tKsfn] sf+u]|;sf] Gofo– efjgfnfO{ e/f];f u/]/ gaf]nL a;"g\ eGg] s'/f] pgn] cl3 ;f/] . s'g} klg lzsfotsf] cleJolQm h:t} ;Tofu|x, cfGbf]ng, l;len gfkm/dfgL, x8tfn cflbnfO{ 3f]/ cg'zf;g e+u u/]sf] 7xl/g]5 . ;g\ !($% / ;g\ !($^ df ;/sf/sf] b[li6sf]0f cln ;+s'lrt t/ pbf/ lyof] . ;+s'lrt eGgfn] Tof] ;+3if{ / cfGbf]ngsf] lj?4 xf] eGg] s'/f] a'em\g'kb{5 . pbf/ o; cy{df ls p;n] cfkm\gf] k"j{ wf/0ffnfO{ kl/jt{g ug]{ d'8df lyof] . /, pm /fi6« lgdf{0fsf] af6f]df ;a}nfO{ ;fy lnP/ lx+8\g tof/ lyof] . t/ o;df p;sf] ¿l9jfbL b[li6 lyof] . p;n] w]/} JolQmx¿sf] ;xof]u k|fKt ug]{ sf]lzz u¥of] . To;df cDa]8s/ klg kb{5g\ . ;g\ !(#%–#^ lt/sf] s'/f] xf] . ltg}tfsf 8f= cDa]8s/n] wd{ kl/jt{g ug]{ OR5f JoQm u/]sf lyP . of] s'/f] ;'g]/ jf k9]/ ufGwLnfO{ rf]6 nfu]sf] lyof] . o;} klg cDa]8s/sf] efif0f rSs'sf] wf/h:tf x'Gy] . /, pgn] h] d'vdf cfof] ToxL KofRr af]Ng] ub{y] . oL ;an] ubf{ cDa]8s/k|lt ufGwLhLsf] Jojxf/ cln s8f ePsf] lyof] . ;g\ !($^ df ;/bf/ k6]nn] k|fGtx¿df sfFu|];L ;/sf/ ag]kl5_ cDa]8s/;+u ;Demf}tf ug]{ sf]lzz u/] . t/ ufGwLsf] Jojxf/ 9'nd'n lyof] . h'nfO{ @!, !($^ df ufGwLhLn] ;/bf/ k6]nnfO{ n]v]sf lyP – æltdLn] eLd/fj cDa]8s/nfO{ e]6\of} . of] /fd|} s'/f] xf] . t/ pgL ;Demf}tfsf lglDt tof/ x'g]5}gg\ . -ljwfg d08ndf_ aL; k|ltzt ;L6 lsg rflxof] < o;df dnfO{ s]xL u8a8L ePem}F nfU5 . o;af/] km]l/ ;f]r .Æ o:Tff] x'Fbf klg ufGwLhL jftf{ aGb xf];\ eGg] s'/f] rfxGgy] . pgL :jo+ cDa]8s/nfO{ e]6\g rfxGy] . t/ cDa]8s/ k'gf jf ;]jfu|fd cfpg'kg]{ s'/f] ufGwLsf] lyof] . ;dfrf/–kqsf] l/kf]6{

o;/L ljk/Lt ePsf] lyof] . /, Tof] l/kf]6{ jf:tjdf unt l/kf]6{ lyof] . ;/bf/ k6]nn] cDa]8s/;+usf] jftf{ hf/L /fv] . cu:t !, !($^ df ufGwLhLn] o;af/] lj:t[t pQ/ lbPsf lyP . cDa]8s/;+u ;Demf}tf ug'{ vt/f xf] eGg] pgnfO{ nfUof] . cDa]8s/sf lglDt ;To / c;To, lx+;f / clx+;fdf s]xL km/s lyPg . cDa]8s/n] :jo+ of] s'/f] ufGwLhLnfO{ æ:ki6 zAbÆ df eg]sf lyP . 8f= cDa]8s/n] o; z}nLdf s'/f] u/] xf]ng\ . of] lgs} ;Dej x'g] s'/f] klg xf] . ;fob ufGwLhLn] oL zAb la;]{sf lyPgg\ . 8f=cDa]8s/df ;fdflhs Gofok|lt k|uf9 cf:yf lyof] . o;}n] pgsf lglDt ;fwg / ljj]s uf}0f s'/f lyP . cg';"lrt hfltsf] lxtnfO{ b]zsf] lxteGbf klg a9L dxŸj lbG5g\ eGg] s'/f] pgn] :ki6 u/]s} 5g\ . /, of] egfO huhfx]/ g} 5 . -of] s'/f] klxn] klg elgPs} 5_ t/ ufGwLhL lxlRsg] c¿ s'g} sf/0f lyof] . pgn] cufl8 eg] æhf] dflg; slxn] O;fO{, slxn] d';ndfg jf l;v aGg tof/ x'G5 / ha ;'ljwf x'G5 k'gM wd{ kl/jt{g ug{ tof/ x'G5, o:tf dflg;;+u s'/f ug{ lgs} ;fjwfg x'g'kb{5 .Æ wd{sf af/]df ufGwLhLsf] tl/sf cs}{ lyof] . dg'iosf] k|]/0ff ;|f]t wd{ xf] eGg] pgsf] dfGotf lyof] . O{Zj/ / dg'ioaLr, dg'io / O{Zj/aLr x'g] ;DaGwsf] gfpF g} wd{ xf] . cDa]8s/sf lglDt o; s'/f]sf] s'g} dxŸj lyPg . wd{n] o; hLjgdf / o; wtL{df dfgj ;DaGwnfO{ s;/L k|efljt kfb{5 eGg] s'/f] pgsf lglDt dxŸjk"0f{ lyof] . o; af/]df b'j}sf] e"ldsf csNkgLo lyof] . ;/bf/ k6]n d'l:nd nLusf] 8/n] cDa]8s/;+u s'/fsfgL ug'{ x'Fb}g eGg] s'/f] pgnfO{ eg]sf lyP . o;af6 bf]xf]/f] gf]S;fg x'g]5 . ufGwLhLsf] ljrf/df xl/hgk|lt ;xfg'e"ltsf] cefj lyof] eGg] s'/f] s;}n] g;f]r'g\ . o;}n] oxfF o; kqsf] pbfx/0f lbOFb} 5 M æolb ef/t ;xL cy{df :jfwLg x'G5 eg] k|fGtx¿ s]xL xb;Dd :jfoQ eO;s]sf 5g\ / olb ;j0f{ lxGb' cfkm\gf s'/fdf ;fFRrf 5g\ eg] ;a} 7Ls x'g]5 . t/ olb Goflk|o JolQmsf] ;+Vof yf]/} eof] / ;Qf s6\6/ dflg;sf xftdf uof] eg] cGofo x'g] g} 5 rfx] clxn] ltdLn] h:tf];"s} ;Demf}tf u/] u/ xl/hgnfO{ lk6\g], pgLx¿sf] xTof ug]{, pgLx¿nfO{ Ogf/af6 kfgL eg{ glbg], :s'naf6 pgLx¿nfO{ nv]6\g] / cfkm\gf] 3/df k:g glbg] dflg; sf] x'g < oL ;a} sfFu|];Lsf g} dflg;x¿ x'g\ . o; ;DaGwdf :ki6 lrq cl3lNt/ /fVg' h?/L 5 .Æ ;/bf/ k6]n / ufGwLaLr ts{–ljts{ eO/x\of] . b'O{ lbgkl5 # cu:t, !($^ df

ufGwLhLn] eg]sf lyP– æolb o;df s'g} vt/f b]Vb}gf} eg] o;af/] d s] g} eGg ;S5' / < pgL;+u ;Demf}tf u/ . dnfO{ o; ljifodf c¿ s]xL eGg' 5}g .Æ d'l:nd nLun] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] alx:sf/ u/]sf] lyof] . t/ 8f=cDa]8s/n] To;sf] alx:sf/ u/]gg\ . of] s'/f] yff kfP/ ufGwLhL k|;Gg ePsf lyP . t/ clk|n !($& ;Dd klg ufGwLhL cDa]8s/;+u ;Demf}tf ug{ /fhL lyPgg\ . ufGwLhLn] @( clk|n !($& df cd[t sf}/nfO{ Pp6f kq n]v]sf lyP . To; kqdf cDa]8s/sf] k[ys lgjf{rg d08nsf] efu :jLsf/ ug{ ;lsb}g / a9LeGbf a9L cf/If0fsf] dfu :jLsf/ ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f n]lvPsf] 5 . ;+o'Qm lgjf{rg d08ndf ;j0f{ lxGb'sf] k|efj / k"jf{u|x xfaL x'g]5 eGg] k|Zgdf ufGwLhL o;/L eG5g\– ls clGtd ljZn]if0fdf ;ayf]s b'O{ s'/fdf lge{/ x'g]5 M -s_ kf6L{sf] k|efj / -v_ lzIff / hfu?stf . lxGb' wd{ c:t–Jo:t x'g]5 eGg] pgnfO{ z+sf lyof] . pgn] O:nfd, O;fO{ / l;v wd{nfO{ xflg k'¥ofpg rfxb}gy] . t/ lxGb' wd{sf] xTof pgn] ;f]Rg klg ;Sb}gy] . olb 8f=cDa]8s/sf] cfklQnfO{ dfGg] xf] eg] lxGb' wd{ gi6 x'g]5 . ufGwLhLn] k'/fgf] Joj:yf oyfjt /fVg rfxb}gy] . clxn] pgn] hflt Joj:yfsf] klg lj/f]w ug{ nfu]sf lyP . /, pgL cGthf{tLo ljjfxsf] ;zQm ;dy{g ePsf lyP . ========= of] ljjfx hghfltaLr geP/ xl/hg–;j0f{aLr / ljleGg wd{aLr klg x'g'kb{5 . t/ pgn] lxGb' wd{ lj36g x'g] s'/f]nfO{ ;xg ;Sb}gy] . /, xl/hg lxGb'–;dfhaf6 clNug] s'/fnfO{ klg x]g{ ;Sb}gy] . ca ;/bf/ k6]n, hjfx/ nfn g]x¿ / b]z– ljefhgsf s'/f u/f}F . logLx¿n] b]z ljefhg u/]/ k+~hfj / a+ufnnfO{ 6'S|ofP/ d'l:nd nLusf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ rfxGy] . of] ToxL ;dfwfg lyof] hf] lb;]Da/, !($) df cDa]8s/n] ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . ca l:yltdf gf6sLo kl/jt{g eO;s]sf] lyof] . ;+o'Qm ef/tsf] ;Defjgf ;dfKt eO;s]sf] lyof] . o;}n] cDa]8s/;+u ;Demf}tf ug'{ cfjZos lyPg . ljefhgsf ;fy s]Gb|Lo ;efdf 8f=cDa]8s/sf] ;b:otf -pgL a+ufnaf6 5flgPsf lyP_ ;dfKt x'g] jfnf lyof] . 8f=cDa]8s/ lg/fz}–lg/fzdf 8'a]sf lyP . ;/bf/ k6]nn] k}+t/f abn]/ gofF tl/sfn] sf]lzz ug{ nfu] . ca ufGwLhL ;/bf/;+u k"/} ;xdt lyP . >L Pd=cf/= hos/n] ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 Tofukq lbP . Tolta]nf ;/bf/ k6]nn] df}sf 5f]k] . hos/sf 7fpFdf lgln+uKkf >L jL=s]=cf/=jL= /fjnfO{ Nofpg rfxGy] . ;/bf/n] cfkm\gf] c8fg 5f]8]gg\ . pgn] cDa]8s/nfO{ lhtfpg] s'/f] aDaO{sf lk|ldo/nfO{ eg]sf lyP . of] sfd k"/f eof] . cufl8sf] sfd cDa]8s/nfO{ dGqLd08ndf Nofpg'kg]{ lyof] . o;af/]df ;/bf/ / g]x¿n] pbf/tf

b]vfP . hjfx/nfnn] :jo+ cDa]8s/;+u s'/f u/] . /, cDa]8s/ /fhL eP . t/ cDa]8s/n] eg] ls ljlw–ljefudf pgn] ug'{kg]{ s'g} ljz]if sfd 5}g xf]nf . g]x¿n] eg]–æo;sf] lrGtf gu/ / ToxfF w]/} sfd x'g]5g\ .Æ ;/bf/ k6]nn] cfkm\g} tl/sfn] cDa]8s/nfO{ ;DemfP .

To;kl5 klg slrª\unsf] l:ylt gePsf] xf]Og . ;/bf/ k6]n alnof] OR5f zlQm ePsf dflg; lyP . pgnfO{ nf}x k'?if klg eGg] ul/GYof] . csf]{lt/ cDa]8s/n] em'Sg hfg]sf lyPgg\ . oL b'j}aLr s}of}F k6s afemfafem eof] . ;g\ !(#% sf] clwlgodsf] wf/f (# / jt{dfg cg'R5]b #%^ nfO{ lnP/ dte]b ;'? eof] . sGx}of nfn dl0fs nfn d'GzL / ;/bf/ k6]nn]aLr kq– Jojxf/ eof] . o;df ;/bf/n] tLvf] k|ltls|of JoQm u/]sf lyP . u[x ljefun] k'/fgf] clwlgodsf] wf/f (# d]n vfg] cg'R5]b !** sf ;+zf]lwt d:of}bf k7fPsf] 5 . d'GzLn] of] s'/f] ;/bf/ k6]nnfO{ eg]sf lyP . o;df 8f=cDa]8s/sf] cfklQ lyof] . /, pgsf] ;'emfj cg';f/ d'vhL{n] gofF k|f¿k tof/ ub}{ lyP . o; ljifodf ;/bf/ k6]n lbNnL cfPkl5 ljrf/ u/f}+nf eGg] egfO d'GzLsf] lyof] . cDa]8s/sf] lj/f]w b]v]/ ;/bf/ k6]n l/;fP . /, l/;fP/} pgn] d'GzLnfO{ ;f]w] M æ;+zf]lwt d:of}bfdf 8f=cDa]8s/n] cfklQ s;/L ug{ ;S5g\ . o; ljifodf u[x dGqfnon] k|:tfj tof/ ug]{5 / ;+zf]wg kf; u/fpgsf lglDt sfg'g dGqLnfO{ k7fpg]5 eGg] lg0f{o dlGqd08nn] ul/;s]sf] 5 .Æ csf]{ s'g} a]nf cDa]8s/n] cfkm\gf] dGqfnodf kbf]Ggltsf lglDt ;f]em} ueg{/ hg]{nnfO{ n]v]sf lyP . of] klg k6]nn] dg k/fPsf lyPgg\ . o;}n] pgn] cDa]8s/nfO{ cfkm" v'zL gePsf] s'/f] hfx]/ u/] . t/ g]x¿eGbf cDa]8s/sf] k6]n;+u ;'dw'/ ;DaGw lyof] . b'j}aLr cfbz{sf] ;dfgtf lyof] eGg] o;sf] cy{ sbflk xf]Og . j:t'tM cfly{s / ;+j}wflgs dfldnfdf cDa]8s/sf ljrf/ g]x¿;+u ldNby] . cDa]8s/ k'FhLjfbsf k|z+;s lyPgg\ . pgsf lglDt k'FhLjfbL d"No :jLsfo{ lyPg . pgsf lglDt k};f sdfpg'eGbf Hofbf dxŸjk"0f{ k':ts hdf ug'{ lyof] . t/ cDa]8s/sf] lrGtgsf] Pp6f Jofjxfl/s kIf lyof] . oxL sf/0f pgL ;/bf/ k6]n;+u glhlsPsf lyP . ;/bf/n] klg pgLk|lt JolQmut :g]xsf] Jojxf/ ub{y] . of] Pp6f k|z+;gLo s'/f] lyof] .

clk|n !%, !($* df 8f= cDa]8s/n] Pp6L afx'gL;+u lax] u/]sf lyP . of] va/ ;'g]/ ;/bf/n] pgnfO{ Pp6f kq n]v] M æcfh tkfO{sf] lax] x'Fb} 5 . d}n] ;dfrf/–kq k9]/ of] s'/f] yfxf kfPF . o; cj;/df d]/f] xflb{s awfO{ tyf ;'vL j}jflxs hLjgsf] z'esfdgf :jLsf/ ug'{xf];\ . dnfO{ ljZjf; 5 ls jfk" cfh hLljt ePsf] eP tkfO{nfO{ cfzLjf{b lbg'x'GYof] .Æ cDa]8s/n] n]v] M æljjfxsf] cj;/df k7fpg'ePsf] z'esfdgfsf nflu d / kTgL cef/L 5f}F . /, tkfO{nfO{ w]/}–w]/} wGojfb k|s6 ub{5f}F . d tkfO{;+u ;xdt 5' ls afk' -dxfTdf ufGwLsf lglDt k|of]u ul/g] ;Ddfghgs zAb_ hLljt ePsf] eP pxfFn] cfzLjf{b lbg'x'GYof] .Æ hjfx/ nfndf o:Tff] ckgTjsf] efjgf lyPg . g]x¿ / pgsf sfg'g dGqL cDa]8s/aLr JolQmut ;DaGw x'g ;s]g . cDa]8s/n] g]x¿sf] efj'stf / c:ki6tf dg k/fpFb}gy] . g]x¿sf] dfS;{jfb / cy{jfbk|lt cDa]8s/sf] s'g} ;xfg'e"lt lyPg . g]x¿n] b]zdf ;fdflhs c;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs cTofrf/sf] eofgstf a'em]sf 5}gg eGg] cDa]8s/sf] ljrf/ lyof] . g]x¿ a|fXd0f ;+:sf/af6 d'Qm 5}gg eGg] cDa]8s/nfO{ z+sf lyof] . hjfx/ nfnn] cfkm\gf] cfTdsyf n]v]sf 5g\– æpgnfO{ a|fXd0fsf s}of}F kL9Lsf] lj/f;t k|fKt ePsf] 5 . /, pgdf o; lj/f;tsf] cjr]tg k|efj k/]sf] 5 .Æ b'j}aLr o:tf dte]bx¿ lyP . slxn]sfFxL oL dte]b ;txdf b]vf kb{y] . o:t} Pp6f df}sf lyof] . @% clk|n, !($* df …cg';"lrt hflt ;+3Ú sf] nvgpm clwj]zgdf 8f=cDa]8s/sf] efif0f lyof] . of] s'/f yfxf kfpgf ;fy g]x¿n] cDa]8s/nfO{ n]v] . pgnfO{ cDa]8s/sf] efif0faf6 cfZro{ Pj+ b'Mv eof] . o; efif0fdf g]x¿ / k6]nnfO{ x6fpg] OR5f JoQm ul/Psf] lyof] . /, huhLjg /fdnfO{ …k~rdfuLÚ elgPsf] lyof] . pgn] eg] olb dGqLn] o; lsl;dsf] efjgf /fv] / s'/f u/] eg] dlGqd08nsf] ;fd"lxs pQ/bfloTj sxfF hfnf < k|wfgdGqLn] cfkm\gf] k;n aGb u/] eof] ===== o;/L ;xof]u ug{' / ldn]/ sfd ug'{ ;Dej x'Fb}g .

g]x¿n] ;/bf/nfO{ eg]– æcDa]8s/ o; efif0fkl5 dlGqd08ndf s;/L /xg ;Snfg\ of] s'/f] dnfO{ yfxf 5}g .Æ t/ ;/bf/ xtf/f]df sfd ug]{ JolQm lyPgg\ . o;sf cltl/Qm cDa]8s/ ;/sf/df /xg'kb{5 eGg] s'/f]df pgL hf]8bf/ ;dy{s lyP . ;fob Pslbg cDa]8s/ sf+u]|;df k|j]z ug]{5g\ eGg] pgn] cfzf u/]sf lyP . cDa]8s/n] g]x¿sf] pQ/ cl3Nnf] lbg g} k7fP . pgn] k|;ª\u eGb} cfkm\gf] s'/f] :ki6 u/] . Soflag]6sf] ldzgkl5 pgL s]xL lsg af]n]gg\ < sf+u]|;sf] ;/sf/df pgL lsg ;l/s eP / cufl8 pgn] s] ug]{ x'g < pgn] eg] h'g jQmJo d]/f] xf] eGg] ul/G5 Tof] jQmJo d]/f] xf]Og . cvaf/n] aª\UofP/ / k|;ª\unfO{ sf6s'6 u/]/ k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . ;dfrf/–kqn] ddfly slxNo} klg Gofo u/]sf 5}gg\ . b'j}aLr kq cfbfg–k|bfg eof] . t/ Tof] ljifo To;} ba]sf] lyof], yGs]sf] lyof] . cDa]8s/n] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ n]v]sf] hjfkmsf k|ltlnlk ;/bf/ k6]nnfO{ k7fP . ;/bf/ k6]n cDa]8s/n] k7fPsf] pQ/ b]v]/ k"0f{tM ;Gt'i6 lyP . pgn] cDa]8s/sf] pkof]uL ;xof]u hf/L /fVg rfxGy] . cDa]8s/n] nvgpmdf u/]sf] efif0fsf] vf; ljifo lyof] . Tof] s] xf] eg] sf+u]|;sf g]tfnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ gLltsf] kl/0ffd s] eof] eGg] lyof] . cDa]8s/n] ;Dd]ngdf pkl:yt k|ltlglwnfO{ atfP– d}n] ldlnh'nL sfd ug]{ gLlt ckgfP . /, of] lgs} ;kmn ePsf] 5 . oBlk h] hlt d}n] kfpg'kg]{ xf] Tof] eg] kfPsf] 5}g . t/ s]xL t kfOPsf] g} 5 . xfdLnfO{ ljwfg d08n / gf]s/Ldf cf/If0f k|fKt eof] . /, xfd|f sltko dfux¿ :jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 . d]/f] ljrf/df jo:s dtflwsf/af6 ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] xftdf /fhgLlts zlQm cfPsf] 5 . olb pQ/ k|b]zsf 8]9 s/f]8 cg';"lrt hfltx¿ / Ps s/f]8 k5f}6] hfltx¿n] Pp6f nIosf ;fy sfd u/] eg] pgLx¿n] ljwfg d08ndf %) k|ltzt ;b:o k7fpg ;S5g\ . /, o;/L /fhgLlts ;Qf sAhf ug{ ;S5g\ . æolb k5f}6] hfltn] cfkm\gf] 5'§} ;+u7g agfP/ pRr hfltsf lj?4 ;+o'Qm df]rf{ agfP eg] o;df d]/f] s'g} cfklQ x'g] 5}g . cg';"lrt hflt / k5f}6] ju{n] cfkm\gf] zlQm s]–slt 5 eGg]

s'/f] a'lem/x]sf 5}gg\ . o;sf] kl/0ffd pRr hfltx¿n] g} k|zf;gdf sAhf u/]sf 5g\ . of] ck;f];sf] s'/f] xf] .Æ cDa]8s/sf] of] bL3{sflns b[li6 lyof] . jt{dfg ;Gbe{df pgsf] o:Tff] ljrf/ lyof] M xfd|f dflg;x¿ k|zf;lgs If]qdf x'g'kb{5 . xfd|f] o:t} l:ylt 5 . xflgsf/s sfg'g aGnfg eGg] 8/ dfq xf]Og, /fd|f sfg'gsf k|jt{g klg g/fd|/L x'g\ ;Sb5g\ . tL dflg; k/Dk/fb]lv cg';"lrt hfltx¿sf] lxtsf] lj?4 5g\ eg] xfd|f] lglDt s'g} cfzf /xFb}g . ;/bf/ k6]nn] cDa]8s/nfO{ n]v]sf] lrÝL o:tf] 5– k|yd t nvgpmsf] efif0fsf] l/kf]6{Aff6 dnfO{ wSsf nfUof] . t/ Tof] l/kf]6{ ;xL dfGg d]/f] dg tof/ 5}g . d]/f] klxnf] k|ltls|of 7Ls lyof] . /, ;dfrf/–kqdf h] n]lvPsf] 5 Tof] efif0fdf jf:tljstfM 5}g . o;}df dnfO{ k|;Ggtf 5 . cg';"lrt hftsf] lxtsf] ;'/Iffsf] ;aeGbf /fd|f] tl/sf ;xof]u xf] eGg] s'/f] ;/bf/n] cDa]8s/nfO{ cfZjf;g lbPsf lyP . cg';"lrt hflt ;DaGwL /fd|f sfg'g aGg] s'/f]df s'g} c8rg 5}g eGg] pgn] ljZjf; JoQm u/] . æk|zf;gsf] Jojxf/ clwsflws ;xfg'e"ltÆ x'Fb} 5 . /, cg';"lrt hftsf w]/} dflg; ;/sf/L ;]jfdf cfpgfn] of] ;xfg'e"ltsf] Jojxf/ a9\b} hfg]5 .

8f=cDa]8s/n] ;/bf/sf] efjgfnfO{ ;Ddfg u/] . o;df s'g} cfZro{ 5}g .

To;kl5 dlGqd08ndf cDa]8s/nfO{ ;ls|o ¿kdf ;xefuL x'g] s'/f]df s'g} afwf k/]g . cDa]8s/n] cfkm\gf] sfd s:;]/ ug{ nfu] . pgsf] k|d'v sfd eg]sf] ;+ljwfg agfpg' lyof] . ;+ljwfgdf sltko k|ultzLn pkbkmfx¿ /flvPsf lyP . o;sf] >]o cDa]8s/nfO{ g} hfG5 . pgsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] of]ubfgnfO{ o;/L :ki6 ug{ ;lsG5 . cg'R5]b !% / !^ df æcg';"lrt hflt, hghflt jf ;fdflhs tyf z}lIfs b[li6n] lk5l8Psf ;a} ju{sf lxtnfO{ cl3 a9fpgsf lglDt ljz]if pkbkmfx¿sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .Æ /, ljwfg d08ndf dfq xf]Og, gf]s/Ldf klg cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . t/ 8f=cDa]8s/ JolQmut sf/0fn] c¿ gLltsf ljifodf klg k"/f ;Gtf]if lyPgg\ . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] sfd ;dfKt eof] To;kl5 pgsf] zlQm / k|ltefsf] k"/f pkof]u ePsf] 5}g eGg] s'/f pgnfO{ nfUof] . k|wfgdGqLn] sfg'g ljefusf cltl/Qm pgnfO{ c¿ yk sfd lbg] jrg lbPsf lyP . t/ g]x¿n] cfkm\gf] afrf k"/f u/]gg\ . cDa]8s/nfO{

dlGqd08nsf] k|d'v pk;ldltaf6 x6fOPsf] lyof] . o;}df pgn] u'gf;f] u/]sf lyP . t/ pgsf lglDt of] Toltsf] dxŸjsf] s'/f] eg] lyPg .

8f= cDa]8s/sf lglDt cg';"lrt hfltsf lglDt lgld{t pkaGwx¿k|lt k"0f{ ;Gtf]if lyPg\ . k5f}6] ju{sf] s'g} 7f]; ;'/Iff pkfo ug{ g;s]sf]df pgnfO{ ck;f]; lyof] . pgn] o; af/]df ;fj{hlgs ¿kn] v]b k|s6 u/]sf lyP . ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ul/Psf pkkmfx¿ afah'b ;/sf/n] k5f}6] ju{sf lglDt cfof]u lgo'Qm ug]{ cfjZos 7fg]g . oxL s'/f]df pgL b'MvL lyP . sfn]s/ cfof]u lgs} kl5 lgo'Qm ul/of] . hgtf kf6L{sf] 3f]if0ff–kqdf oL l;kmfl/; nfu" ug]{ s'/f] gu?Gh]n To;sf] l/kf]6{ To;} ylGs/Xof] . o; l;kmfl/;nfO{ nfu" ug]{ sfddf laxf/ / pQ/ k|b]zdf ;'? ul/of] . o;af6 hgtf kf6L{Dff cfGtl/s ljb|f]x pTkGg eof] . /, To; kf6L{sf] ;/sf/df g} ;+s6 kg]{ l:ylt cfof] . hjfx/ nfn g]x¿n] d';ndfgk|lt lgs} lrGtf b]vfpFy] . -o;df cDa]8s/nfO{ s'g} lj/f]w lyPg_ of] s'/f] cDa]8s/nfO{ dg k/]sf] lyPg xf]nf . t/ g]x¿ cg';"lrt hflt / ;fdflhs cTofrf/af6 kLl8t dflg;k|lt pbfl;g lyP . g]x¿n] cfkm\gf] cfTdfdf c:k[Zotf lgjf/0f ;DaGwL ufGwLhLsf] sfdk|lt t'R5tf k|s6 ub}{ eg]sf lyP ls of] :jtGqtfsf] k|d'v ljifob]lv 6fl9g] sfd xf] . ;fdflhs dfGotfsf] ;dflKt g} cfly{s kl/jt{gsf] kl/0ffd xf] eGg] g]x¿sf] ljrf/ lyof] . g]x¿sf] o:Tf} ;f]rfO yfxf kfP/ klg cDa]8s/ b'MvL lyP . ;fdlhs ;'wf/ tyf lxGb' sfg'g ;+lxtfs/0fk|lt g]x¿sf] 9'nd'n gLlt lyof] . o;af6 cDa]8/nfO{ g]x¿;+u emg} kL8f eof] . ;g\ !($& df lxGb' sf]8 aLn ;+;bdf /flvPsf] lyof] . t/ x/]skN6 s'g} axfgf u/]/ To;nfO{ :ylut ul/of] . cGtdf cf+lzs ljw]os klg x'g lbOof] . of] cDa]8s/sf lglDt 7"nf] b'MVvsf] ljifo lyof] . o; ljw]osnfO{ lj/f]w ug]{ ¿l9jfbLx¿ lyP . pgLx¿ w]/} zlQmzfnL klg lyP . /, pgLx¿sf cl3 g]x¿sf] s]xL nfUb}gYof] . g]x¿n] o; k|Zgdf cfkm\gf] k|lti7fnfO{ bfpdf nufpg rfxGgy] . of] b]v]/ cDa]8s/nfO{ ckm;f]; nfUof] . rLg, ltAat, sfZdL/ / k"jL{ a+ufn tyf ljb]zL c¿ dfldnfdf klg pgsf] dte]b lyof] . t/ lxGb' aLn sf]8 kf; ePg . o;nfO{ :ylut ul/of] . o;}n] cDa]8s/n] g]x¿ / sfFu]|;nfO{ 5f]8] . /, pgL ljkIflt/ nfu] .

of] lxGb' aLn sf]8 5f]8\g'sf] sf/0f s] lyof] < 8f=/fh]Gb| k|;fb o; aLnsf 3f]/ lj/f]wL lyP . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{sf lglDt ;+ljwfg lgdf{t[ ;ldlt ag]sf] lyof] . lxGb' wd{ zf:q ;DaGwL olt 7"nf] df}lns kl/jt{g ug]{ clwsf/ ;ldltnfO{ k|fKt lyPg . o; lsl;dsf] ts{ ub{} pgn] Pp6f l6Kk0fL n]v]/ aNne efOnfO{ k7fPsf lyP . ;/bf/n] o;af/] /fh]Gb| afa'nfO{ o;/L n]vL k7fPM ætkfO{sf] cfIf]kdf s]xL bd 5 h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g . h'g ;+:yfn] ;f/f b]zsf lglDt ;+ljwfg agfpg ;S5 To;n] sfg'g agfpg ;Sb}g eGg] s'/f s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf cltl/Qm dlGqd08nn] ljw]osnfO{ dfGotf lbO;s]sf] 5 . o;f] x'Fbf o;af/] v'nf jQmJo lbg' tkfO{sf lglDt plrt s'/f] xf]Og .Æ o;}aLr k6]n lat] . To;kl5 /fh]Gb| k|;fbsf] lj/f]wsf] wf/ cem ltvfl/b} uof] . of] s'/fsf] rrf{ aflx/ klg x'g yfNof] . /fh]Gb| afa' :jo+n] o;sf] rrf{ ;+;b ;b:ox¿;+u u/] . b'O{ ltxfO ;+;b ;b:o oL ljw]ossf lj?4df lyP . JolQmut sfg'g ;DaGwL s'/fdf ;/sf/sf] x:tIf]k x'g' x'Fb}g . o; wf/0ffsf] sf/0f e"tk"j{ d'l:nd lnuL klg ljw]ossf lj/f]wL lyP . s]xL dGqLx¿sf] ;xfg'e"lt /fh]Gb| afa'k|lt lyof] . o;/L ljw]os :ylut x'g nfUof] . /, lj/f]w x6\g'sf] ;f6f] a9\g yfNof] . k|ToIftM rf/j6f wf/f dfq kf; x'g ;SYof] . rf}yf] wf/fsf af/] ;ft lbg;Dd ax; rn]sf] lyof] . uf]kfn :jfdL cfo+s/n] g]x¿nfO{ Hofbf lh2L u/]df k|wfgdGqLsf] kb hfg ;S5 eGg] ;+s]t u/]sf lyP . g]x¿ kl5 x6] . t/ of] :yfoL eg] lyPg . gofF nf]s ;efdf lxGb' aLn sf]8 v08–v08df cg]s ljw]ossf ¿kdf dGh'/ ul/of] . jL=Pg= /fj cflbåf/f k'/fgf] dg'–wd{ zf:qsf 7fpFdf tof/ ul/Psf] / sfg'g dGqLsf ¿kdf :jo+ cDa]8s/åf/f kf]lift gofF wd{ zf:q :yflkt xf];\ eGg] cDa]8s/sf] dxŸjfsfª\Iff lyof] . o;df pgL c;kmn eP . o;}n] pgL lg/fz x'g' :jfefljs} lyof] . tyflk km/j/L ^, !(%! df pgn] o; ljwos af/] cGtl/d ;+;bdf hf]8bf/ efif0f u/]sf lyP . Tof] efif0f lgs} k|]/0ffbfos lyof] . To;sf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f clxn] klg dfu{–bz{s 5 . To;sf] klxnf] ljifo lyof] . ;+ljwfg cg';f/ j}olQms sfg'gdf ;+zf]wg ug]{ ;/sf/nfO{ k"0f{ clwsf/ x'g]5 . pgn] k|Zg u/] . klxn]sf] ljlw–d08nn] hgtfsf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{gYof] . olb o:Tff] ug{ ;Sy] eg] :jtGq ef/tdf k|ltlglw ljlw–d08nn] o:tf] lsg ug{ g;s]sf] xf] <

cDa]8s/ lxGb' sf]8 aLnsf lglDt k|of]u ul/Psf] lxGb' zAbsf] Jofks JofVof u/]sf lyP . olta]nf ;+ljwfgsf] cg'R5]b @% /2 ug{'k5{ . lsgeg] xfd|f] JolQmut sfg'g a]Un} x'g'k5{ eGg] l;vsf] egfO 5 . …lxGb' zAbÚ nfO{ sfg'g cg';f/ JofVof ub}{ 8f=cDa]8s/n] s]xL o'lQmx¿ k|:t't u/]sf lyP . /, tL ;a} o'lQmx¿ csf6\o lyP . lxhf]cfhsf zf;s kIf tyf ljkIf c1fgdf 8'a]sdf 5g\ . pgn] cDa]8s/sf] o; k|:t'tLnfO{ dgg ug'{kb{5 . æ ef/tdf j}lbs af}4, h}g, l;v cflb wd{x¿ pTkGg eP . logLx¿n] cfkm\gf nflu :jtGq sfg'g cyjf wd{zf:q /rgf u/]gg\ . g t sfg'g ;DaGwL gofF ;+lxtf g} agfOof] . of] sfd g t a'4n] u/] g t dxflj/n] g} u/] .Æ ;/bf/ x's'd l;+x cToGt a'l4dfg l;v ;b:o lyP . pgLlt/ -hf] kl5 uP/ nf]s ;efsf cWoIf klg_ kms]{/ r'gf}tLsf ¿kdf 8f= cDa]8s/n] eg]sf lyP– æd]/f] hfgsf/L cg';f/ l;vsf bz hgf u'?x¿n] klg ;+lxtf jf :d[lt tof/ u/]gg\ .Æ ;g\ !(#) kl5 lk|eL sfpG;Lnåf/f ef/tsf] ;+ljwfg tof/ x'Gh]n l;vnfO{ sfg'gsf b[li6n] lxGb' g} dflgb} cfPsf] 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] cg'R5]b @% n] c¿ gofF s'/f] s] g} eg]sf] 5 / < o;n] lk|eL sfpG;Lnsf] JofVofnfO{ g} dfg]sf] 5 . cDa]8s/sf] csf6\o o'lQmnfO{ k|ltkfb ug]{ cGtl/d ;+;bdf s;}sf] lxDdt ePg . –pN6} ;/bf/ x's'd l;+xn] eg] ls sfg'gsf] b[li6n] lg:;Gb]x oxL g} l:ylt 5 . s] sfg'g lxGb'x¿sf] nflu dfq x'G5 < s] of] ;asf nflu xF'b}g < o; lsl;dsf] cfklQ ug]{ dflg;sf lglDt cDa]8s/n] d'vel/sf] pQ/ lbb} eg]sf lyP— o; cfklQdf ;bfzotf 5}g . o; ljw]ossf lglDt rf/ jif{ vr{ eO;s]sf] 5 . ;a} gful/ssf lglDt ;dfg sfg'gsf] k|Zg p7fpg'sf] clek|fo xf]– lxGb'–wd{zf:q ;DaGwL k|ZgnfO{ 6fg'{ . o; lsl;dsf] 5b\d o'lQmjfb af/] o;}n] hf]8 lbOb} lyof] ls cfjZos ;'wf/sf] sfd cl3 ga9f];\ . cDa]8s/sf] k|ltkfbsf] of] t];|f] ljifo lyof] . cDa]8s/n] dlGqd08naf6 Tofu–kq lbO;s]sf x'G5g\ . ca pgnfO{ efjL sfo{qmd lglZrt ug'{kg]{ lyof] . sfg'g dGqLsf x}l;otn] pgn] ;+;bdf b'O6f ljw]os k|:t't u/]sf lyP . o; cGtu{t :jtGq / lgikIf r'gfjsf lglDt cfjZos Joj:yf tGqsf] lgdf{0f ul/of] . ;+ljwfgd} jo:s dtflwsf/sf] sfd Pp6f dxŸjk"0f{ sfd lyof] . o;sf] k|fjwfg ;+ljwfgdf ul/Psf] lyof] . /, r'gfj ;~rfngsf lglDt :jtGq / :jfoQ k|flws/0fsf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof] . dtbftf

;"lrsf] lgdf{0f / lgjf{rg If]qsf] ;Ldf lgwf{/0fsf] sfd hf]8tf]8sf ;fy rNb} lyof] . r'gfj cfof]un] r'gfj–lrGxsf] of]hgf agfPsf] lyof] . tfls clzlIft hgtfn] pDd]bjf/ / kf6L{nfO{ lrGg ;s"g\ . cg';"lrt hflt / hghfltsf k|ltlglwTjsf lglDt clwsf+z /fHox¿df cf/lIft ;L6sf] Joj:yf u/] . lsgeg] dtbftf ;fdfGo lyP . /, ef]6 ;~rofTds lyPg, ljt/0ffTds lyof] . cg';"lrt hflt–;+3sf lglDt r'gfj ;Demf}tf ug'{ cfjZos eO;s]sf] lyof] .

8f=cDa]8s/ sDo'lg:6 ljrf/wf/fsf lj/f]wL lyP . pgnfO{ ;j{xf/fsf] tfgfzfxL l;4fGtdf cf:yf lyPg . cfˆgf] dfGotfsf af/]df k|sfz kfb}{ pgn] cd]l/sL u[x o'åsf dxfg g]tfsf] nf]stGqsf] JofVof pNn]v ub}{ eg]– æln+sgn]======= nf]stGqsf] kl/efiff ub}{ eg]sf lyP ls of] hgtfåf/f hgtfsf nflu lgjf{lrt hgtfsf] ;/sf/ xf] . nf]stGqsf c¿ klg kl/efiff x'g ;S5g\ . d :jo+n] nf]stGqnfO{ Pp6f 5'§} tl/sfn] kl/eflift ub{5'– a9L d"t{¿kdf . nf]stGq o:tf] ;/sf/ xf] h;df hgtfsf] ;fdflhs / cfly{s hLjgdf qmflGtsf/L kl/jt{g /QmxLg tl/sfn] ug{ ;lsof];\ eGg] s'/f] d]/f] a'emfO xf] . nf]stGq ;DaGwL d]/f] kl/efiff oxL xf] .Æ ;g\ !(%! Dff 8f= cDa]8s/n] sf+u]|; ;/sf/;+u gftf tf]8] . pgn] r'gfjdf sf+u]|;;+u u7aGwg ug{ ;Sb}gy] . sDo'lg:6x¿;+u pgsf] d"ne"t dte]b lyof] . clvn ef/tLo :t/df ;Demf}Tff ug{ ;Sg] kf6L{ Pp6} lyof] . of] ;dfhjfbL kf6L{ lyof] . pgn] o; kf6L{sf aDaO{ zfvfsf g]tfx¿;+u s'/f u/] . b'j} kf6LaLr ePsf] b"/L sd eof] . /, b'j} kf6Lx¿ ;Demf}Tff ug{ /fhL ePsf lyP . & gf]e]Da/, !(%! Dff 8f= cDa]8s/n] k6gfdf hok|sfznfO{ e]6] .

8f= cDa]8s/n] kf6L{ cg';"lrt hflt–;+3 hokfn l;+xsf] emf/v08 kf6L{ ;dfhjfbL kf6L{sf lglDt / sfo{qmd;+u ;jf{lws lgs6 lyP eGg] ;dfhjfbL g]tfx¿sf] ljrf/ lyof] . o;}n] xl/hg / cflbjf;Lsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ oL b'O{ kf6L;+u ;Demf}Tff ug]{ lg0f{o ;dfhjfbL kf6L{n] u¥of] . d]/f] ljrf/df of] plrt sfd lyof] .

8f=cDa]8s/n]– æsf+u]|;sf] bfFhf]df Pp6f s]Gb|Lo jf ;+3Lo cfwf/df Pp6f kf6L{ agfpg rfxGy] .Æ t/ ;dofefjsf sf/0f of] k|:tfj Jojxf/df plqg ;s]g . cg';"lrt hflt–;+3sf zfvfnfO{ cGo kf6L{;+u r'gfj ;Demf}tf ug{ lbg] g} ljsNk lyof] . aDaO{ ;L=kL= / a/f/sf d/f7L

efifL Onfsfdf Pp6f csf]{ kf6L{ lyof] . Tof] kf6L{ ;fDojfbL kf6L{ lyof] . Tof] kf6L cg';"lrt hflt–;+3 / emf/v08 kf6L{x¿;+u ldNg ;SbYof] . o;sf] gfpF z]ts/L sfdu/ kf6L{ lyof] . jf:tjdf ;dfhjfbL kf6L{n] o; kf6L{;+u klxn] g} ;Demf}tf ul/;s]sf] lyof] . t/ b'ef{Uon] ubf{ o; kf6L{sf s]xL dflg;x¿n] gofF sDo'lg:6 O06/g]zgn ;]G6/ -sfldg 6fg{_ sf ljrf/ nfb\g vf]h] . clg To;df ufF7f] k¥of] . o; s[lqd cnufjn] ;dfhjfbL kf6L{ 8f=cDa]8s/sf] ;+3 . z]ts/L sfdu/ kf6L{ ;a}nfO{ gf]S;fg k'¥ofPsf] lyof] . kl/0ffd:j¿k oL ;a} kf6L{x¿ ;g\ !(%!– !(%@ sf] r'gfjdf g/fd|/L xf/] . r'gfj k|rf/ ug]{ a]nf 8f= cDa]8s/n] g]x¿nfO{ clkn u/]sf lyP . To; clkndf g]x¿nfO{ ¿9LjfbL sf+u]|; 5f]8]/ cg';"lrt hflt ;+3 / ;dfhjfbL u7aGwgdf ;l/s x'g] s'/f] lyof] . pgL æ;kgfsf] ;+;f/df al;/x]sf 5g\Æ eGg] 8f= cDa]8s/n] g]x¿nfO{ cfnf]rgf u/]sf lyP . pgn] ef/tsf] sdhf]/ cy{Joj:yf / afXo vt/f ;DaGwL rrf{ klg u/]sf lyP . ærLg xfd|f] 9f]sfg]/} 5 / xfdLn] cfˆgf] /Iff ug{ ;Sb}gf}F .Æ pgn] e|i6frf/ af/] g]x¿n] u/]sf] l6Kk0fLk|lt klg v]b k|s6 u/]sf lyP . pgsf] l6Kk0fL o:tf] lyof]– æef/tdf e|i6frf/ olt w]/} 5}g ls To;nfO{ a9L Wofg lbOof];\ .Æ ;dfhjfbL / cDa]8s/sf] kf6L{ ldn]/ aDaO{df 7"N7"nf cfd ;efx¿ cfof]hgf ul/GYof] . o;af6 lgs} cfzf knfPsf] lyof] . ca r'gfj lhltG5 ls eGg] l:ylt lyof] . t/ o;sf] 7Ls pN6f] eof] . aDaO{sf] b'O{ ;b:oLo lgjf{rg If]qsf] ef]6 luGtL x'g] a]nf cDa]8s/ / czf]s d]xtf b'j} yf]/} ef]6n] xf/] . ;fDojfbL pDd]bjf/ >Lkfb cd[t 8f+u]n] cfkm\gf ;dy{sx¿nfO{ eg]sf lyP ls – pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] bf];|f] ef]6 gi6 ug'{ x'Fb}g . o;af6 sf+u]|; ;dly{t cg';"lrt hfltsf pDd]bjf/x¿sf] lht / cDa]8s/sf] xf/ lglZrt eof] . o; r'gfjsf] kl/0ffd ;dfhjfbL cg';"lrt hflt / emf/v08 u7aGwgsf lglDt eofgs ;+s6 l;å eof] . s]xL ;dfhjfbL g]tfx¿ xtf]T;fxL eP . czf]s d]xtfn] sf+u]|;sf] ;xof]usf] s'/f] ug{ yfn] . hok|sfz gf/fo0f ;jf]{bolt/ cfs[i6 eP . ;dfhjfbL bn / z]ts/L sfdu/ kf6L{sf] ;dy{g kfP/ cDa]8s/ /fHo ;efdf lgjf{lrt eP . t/ r'gfjsf] xf/n] ubf{ u7aGwg / ;+o'Qm kf6L{sf] k|:tfj To;} t'lxof] .

t/ 8f= cDa]8s/n] o; ;Demf}TffnfO{ tf]8\g rfxGgy] . pgn] b'j} kf6L{sf] ljnosf] k|:tfj klg u/]sf lyP . pgn] Pp6f ljsNksf] ;'emfj klg lbPsf lyP . ljleGg /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿sf] Pp6f ;+3Lo ;+u7g agfpg'kb{5 / o;df ;a} kf6L{x¿ k|d'v gLltx¿sf] kxn ;+3Lo kf6L{x¿nfO{ ;lDkg' kb{5 . /, ljlzi6 ljifodf kxn cfkm';+u} /fv"g . æo; k|:tfjdf sfkmL ;Defjgfx¿ 5g\ / o;af6 /fhgLlts hLjgsf] Pp6f gofF k|0ffnL ljsl;t x'g ;Sb5 .Æ ls;fg dhb'/ k|hf kf6L{ ufGwLjfbL ljrf/sf] k|an ;dy{s lyof] . o; kf6L{df ;dfhjfbL bn ljno eof] . To;kl5 ;dfhjfbL kf6L{ / cg';"lrt hfltsf] u7aGwgdf kmf6f] eof] . cDa]8s/n] ls;fg dhb'/ k|hf kf6L{sf g]tfx¿nfO{ dg k/fpFb}gy] . lsgeg] logLdWo] s;}n] lxGb' sf]8 aLnnfO{ lj/f]w u/]sf lyP . pgn] ;dfhjfbLx¿nfO{ ;fjwfg u/]sf lyP . o; ljnoaf6 cg';"lrt hfltsf ;fysf] ;DaGw t k|efljt x'g] g} 5, ;dfhjfbLnfO{ klg lgs} gf]S;fg x'g]5 . ;g\ !)$% dWo k|b]z e08f/fsf] r'gfjdf klg cDa]8s/ / czf]s d]xtf pDd]bjf/ lyP . czf]sn] Tof] r'gfjdf lht] . t/ cDa]8s/sf] xf/ eof] . cDa]8s/ o;af6 lgs} lg/fz eP . ;j0f{ lxGb'– dtbftfx¿sf] ljrf/af6 pgnfO{ lgs} si6 eof] . ;g\ !(%%–%^ df klZrd ef/tsf /fHox¿df k'gu{7gsf k|ZgnfO{ lnP/ lgs} slrª\un eof] . o;aLr ;dfhjfbL kf6L{ b'O{ u'6df 6'ls|of] . /, efiffsf] ljifodf pgLx¿sf] Pstf sdhf]/ eof] . cDa]8s/n] cg';"lrt hflt ;+3 h:tf l;ldt ;+u7gsf] lg/y{stf b]lv;s]sf lyP . sf+u]|;sf] ljsNksf ¿kdf Jofks cfwf/df Pp6f k|ultzLn ljkIfL kf6L{ agfpg'kb{5 eGg] pgsf] OR5f lyof] . 8f=cDa]8s/ / 8f=nf]lxofaLr o; l;nl;nfdf s'/f] ePsf] lyof] . nf]lxof df}lns ljrf/sf lyP . pgn] ef/tsf] ;fdflhs ;d:of af/] uxg lrGtg u/]sf lyP . /, pgsf] ljrf/ hflt / ;fdflhs ;dtfsf ;DaGwdf 8f=cDa]8s/;+u lgs} ldNbfh'Nbf lyP . t/ s'/fsfgL u/]/ s'g} lglZrt kl/0ffd lg:sg'eGbf klxn] g} 8f=cDa]8s/ lat]sf lyP . cDa]8s/ cfkm\gf] hLjgsf] clGtd cj:yfdf lyP . pgn] oltv]/ Jofks cfwf/sf] /fhgLlts ljsNksf af/] ;tt\ lrGtg ub}{ lyP . o;sf ;fy} pgn] kl/jt{g / ;fdflhs k'gu{7gsf ;d:of;+u klg ;+3if{ ub}{ lyP . pgL lxGb' wd{ / ;j0f{sf] 5b\d kl/jt{gsf]

;Defjgfaf6 klg lg/fz eO;s]sf lyP . pgn] u/]sf] aL; jif{;Ddsf] si6k"0f{ vf]hsf] cGt glhlsPsf] lyof] .

8f=cDa]8s/sf] cfly{s ljrf/

8f=cDa]8s/sf] hLjgsf] k|d'v nIo ;fdflhs qmflGt ug'{ lyof] . pgn] j0f{ / hflt Joj:yf ;dfKt ug{ rfxGy] . k|To]s JolQmn] cfkm\gf] ljsf; ug{ kfpg] lsl;dsf] Joj:yf :yfkgf cj;/ k|fKt ug{ rfxGy] . k|To]s JolQmn] cfkm\gf] ljsf; ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt ug{ kfpg] lsl;dsf] Joj:yf :yfkgf ug]{ pgsf] ljrf/ lyof] . o;sf lglDt pgn] nf]stflGqs / ;j}wflgs af6f] /f]h] . o;/L pgsf] lrGtgsf] k|d'v ljifo ;fdflhs / ;+w}wflgs lyP . o;}n] pgn] cfly{s kIfdf ljrf/ ug]{ Tolt ;do kfPgg\ . t}klg pgn] a]nf avtdf cfkm\gf] cy{Joj:yf ;DaGwL s]xL dfGotf cleJoQm u/]s} 5g\ .

8f=cDa]8s/nfO{ cg';"lrt hfltx¿sf] cfly{s l:ylt af/] k"/} hfgsf/L lyof] . oL hftsf ;a} dflg; cfly{s b[li6n] ;j{xf/f lyP eGg] s'/f] pgnfO{ yfxf lyof] . pgLx¿ ;fdflhs / wg– ;Dkltaf6 k"0f{tM jl~rt lyP . logLx¿sf] cft+s >lds ju{df g} x'g5 ] . pgLx¿nfO{ ;fdflhs cGofosf ;fy–;fy cfly{s zf]if0fsf lj?4 klg n8\g'kg]{ 5 eGg] s'/f] klg cDa]8snfO{ /fd|/L yfxf lyof] . o; cy{df pgL ;dfhjfbL cy{Joj:yfsf hfgsf/ klg lyP . x'g t 8f=cDa]8s/ s§/ nf]stGqjfbL lyP . t/ pgn] nf]stGqsf] ;dfgtf, d'Qm Jofkf/ ;Demf}tf jf ;+ljbfsf] :jtGqtf b]vfPgg\ . pgn] /fhgLlts nf]stGqnfO{ ;fdflhs nf]stGqdf kl/jt{g ug{ rfxGy] . ;g\ !($# df dhb'/ ;+3sf] Pp6f a}7snfO{ ;Daf]lwt ub}{ pgn] eg]sf lyP M æ;Demf}tfsf] :jtGqtfsf] sNkgfn] ;+;bLo nf]stGqsf cfbz{nfO{ gi6 u/]sf] 5 . ;+;bn] cfly{s c;dfgtflt/ Wofg lbPg . /, ;Demf}tf kIfx¿aLr u}/a/fa/Lsf] l:yltdf ;Demf}tfsf ;t{sf kl/0ffd af/] ljrf/ ul/Pg . o;sf] kl/0ffd s] eof] eg] ;+;bLo nf]stGqn] :jtGqtftfsf] ;dy{ssf gftfn] ul/a, blnt / clwsf/af6 jl~rt dflg;sf lj?4 x'g] cGofonfO{ lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9fof] .Æ

j:t'tM xfd|f] ;+ljwfgdf g} o; lsl;dsf] pkabkmf /flvof];\ ls /fHosf] :ki6 ;dfhjfbL :j¿k b]vf k/f];\ eGg] s'/f]df cDa]8s/ k|oTgzLn lyP . o;sf lglDt pgn] /fhsLo ;dfhjfb -:6]6 ;f];lnHd_ zAb k|of]u ub{y] . ;+ljwfg ;ef -wf/f ;ef klg elgG5_ sf cNk;+Vos / blnt ju{l;t ;DalGwt ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltsf cl3 pgn] dfr{, !($& df Pp6f 1fkg k|:t't u/]sf lyP . o;df pgn] b]zsf] efjL cy{Joj:yfsf af/]df cfkm\gf ljrf/ k|:6 kf/]sf lyP . of] 1fkg Pp6f k'l:tsfsf] ¿kdf lyof] . /, o;sf] zLif{s …k|fGt / cNk;+VosÚ lyof] . cfkm\gf] of]hgf :ki6 ub}{ pgn] n]v]sf lyPM æo; of]hgfsf b'O6f ljz]if kIfx¿ 5g\ . Pp6f of] xf] ls o;df cfly{s hLjgsf dxTjk"0f{ If]qdf /fhsLo ;dfhjfbsf] ;'emfj lbOPsf] 5 . o;sf] csf]{ Joj:yf of] 5 ls o;df /fhsLo ;dfhjfb :yfkgf ug]{ sfd ljwfg–d08nsf] OR5fdf 5f]l8Psf] 5}g . o; /fhsLo ;dfhjfbsf] :yfkgf ;+ljwfgsf sfg'g cGtu{t x'g]5 . tfls ljwfg d08n jf sfo{kflnsfsf] s'g} sf/afxLaf6 p;df kl/jt{g ug{ g;lsof];\ . h'g dflg;nfO{ JolQmut :jtGqtfdf cf:yf 5 pgLx¿nfO{ tfgfzfxL;+u Psbd} lj/f]w 5 / pgLx¿n] :jtGq ;dfh ;DaGwL zf;g Joj:yfsf ¿kdf nf]stGqdf hf]8 lbg] ub{5g\====== . ctM xfd|f] ;d:of eg]sf] xfdLsxfF tfgfzfxLlagfsf] /fhsLo ;dfhjfb xf] . /, xfd|f] ;dfhjfb ;+;bLo k|0ffnLsf ;fy x'g'kb{5 .Æ ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltsf clwsf+z ;b:ox¿ cDa]8s/sf] qmflGtsf/L cfly{s k|:tfjk|lt ljz]if pT;flxt lyPgg\ . cgsf] of]hgf g t ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt / g t dflns clwsf/ pk;ldltdf ax;sf lglDt /flvof] . 8f=cDa]8s/n] o; k|:tfjsf k|ltlnlk hjfx/ nfn g]x¿nfO{ klg k7fPsf lyP . ;DejtM pgn] ;f]r] ls sfFu|];Lx¿dWo] g]x¿ ;dfhjfbL ljrf/k|lt ;dlk{t 5g\ . /, pgn] o; k|:tfjlt/ hf]8 lbg]5g\ . pgn] cfkm\gf] k':tssf] k|ltlnlk dO{ !$, !($& df cfkm\gf] kqdf ;+nUg u/L g]x¿nfO{ k7fP . g]x¿hLn] @@ dO{df tL k|:tfjaf/] l6Kk0fL u/] . cfkm\gf] x:j dfd'n uf]ndf]n efiffdf k|:tfjx¿nfO{ ;xdlt ub}{ ltgnfO{ ls|oflGjt ug{ cfkm\gf] c;dy{Tff JoQm u/]sf lyP .

8f=cDa]8s/n] lbPsf] 1fkgdf o:tf] lyof] . cfly{s zf]if0f ;dfKt ug'{ h?/L 5 . o; b[li6n] d"n pBf]usf] :jfldTj / k|aGw /fHosf xftdf x'g'kb{5 . /, aLdf sDkgLx¿sf] /fli6«os/0f ug'{kb{5 . s[lif If]qdf dflns, sf:tsf/ cflbnfO{ d'cfjhf lbP/ /fHon] e"ld clwu|x0f u/f];\ / To;df ;fd"lxs v]tL u/fcf];\ eGg] ;'emfj klg lbPsf] lyof] . s[lif /fHosf] pBf]u agf];\ eGg] k|:tfj klg lyof] . g s'g} hldgbf/ xf];\, g sfZtsf/ / e"ldxLg dhb'/ xf];\ . /fhsLo ;dfhjfbsf] :yfkgf ;+;bLo tf]stGqsf] ;Ldf cGtu{t g} x'g'kb{5 . o;sf lglDt cDa]8s/n] lbPsf] ;'emfj o:tf] 5 . cfly{s zf]if0fsf lj?4 hf] ;+/If0f lbOG5 ltgnfO{ df}lns clwsf/sf] If]qdf NofOof];\ . ;dfhsf sdhf]/ ju{nfO{ lbOg] ;+/If0fnfO{ klg pgn] df}lns clwsf/sf] cWofodf Nofpg rfxGy] . hjfx/ nfn g]x¿n] lrÝLdf o;/L n]v] M æ;}4flGts ¿kn] xfdLn] oL pkbkmfnfO{ ;+ljwfgdf /fVg ;S5f}F . oBlk tL df}lns clwsf/sf] k/Dk/fut p2]Zo cg'¿k 5}gg\ . tkfO{n] of] eGg' klg 7Ls xf] ls k'/fgf p2]ZonfO{ Jofks agfP/ cfly{s nf]stGqnfO{ o;df ;dfj]z u/fOg'kb{5 . d}n] o; nIonfO{ p2]Zol;t ;DalGwt k|:tfjdf s]xL c:ki6 ¿kdf g} /fv]sf] 5' . t/ dnfO{ s] nfU5 eg] ;+ljwfgdf ljz]if u/]/ df}lns clwsf/sf] efudf cfly{s 9fFrfsf] :j¿k 7Ls–7Ls lgwf{l/t ug'{ plrt x'g]5}g . cGttM of] Jofjxfl/s ljifo xf] . /, xfdLn] ;f]Rg'kb{5 ls s;/L l56f]eGbf l56f] xfdLn] p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ ;S5f}+ .Æ j:t'tM cDa]8s/n] k|:t't u/]sf ;'emfj …g]zgn Knflg+u sldl6Ú åf/f ;g\ !($) df lbOPsf ;'emfj;+u ldNbfh'Nbf lyP . o;df ;a} d"n pBf]ux¿sf] /fli6«os/0f tyf ;fd"lxs Pj+ ;/sf/L v]tLsf] s'/f] ul/Psf] lyof] . t/ g]x¿ ;/sf/sf k|fyldstf olta]nf cs}{ lyP . pgn] cfkm"n] n]v]sf] kqdf cufl8 o;/L n]V5g\ M æo; ;dodf xfd|f] ;aeGbf klxnf] nIo xf] l:y/ alnof] ;/sf/ h;n] u8a8L ug]{x¿sf] ;fdgf ug{ ;sf];\ / b]zsf k|ultzLn zlQmnfO{ cufl8 a9fcf];\ . olb xfdLn] oL d"ne"t cfly{s k|ZgnfO{ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|ls|ofsf a]nf ;'Nemfpg nfUof}F eg] ;Dej 5 ls xfdLn] u8a9L dRrfpg] tTjsf] g} xft alnof] kfg]{5f}+ / xfdLnfO{ s]xL klg k|fKt gxf];\ . ;dosf] w]/] dxŸj x'G5 . /, xfdLn] o; 38Ldf ;d:ofnfO{ cNemfpg' x'Fb}g .Æ

;/sf/nfO{ alnof] ug]{ / k|ultzLn tfutnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] pvfg cfpg] sf+u]|; ;/sf/sf] tlsof–snfd aGof] . o;sf] k|of]u x/]s qmflGtsf/L kl/jt{gnfO{ 6fg{sf lglDt eO/Xof] . oxL g} dhfsf] s'/f] xf] . cDa]8s/ ;+ljwfgåf/f qmflGtsf/L cfly{s kl/jt{g Nofpg rfxGy], h:Tff] ls ;f]leot ¿;n] u/]sf] lyof] . t/ Toltv]/ sf+u]|; k'FhLjfb tTjsf] d'ÝLdf lyof] . /, hjfx/ nfn g]x¿ klg cfkm\gf] hf]lznf] efif0fsf afah'b cfGtl/s ¿kn] lgs} ¿l9jfbL lyP . /, ;/sf/df cfPkl5 pgsf] ¿l9jflbTff cememg sl;nf] eof] . cDa]8s/ h:t} ;dfhjfbLx¿sf] klg g]x¿k|lt ag]sf] e|d x6\g yfNof] . oBlk hok|sfz gf/fo0f ;lxt s]xL ;dfhjfbL klg kl5 o; e|ddf d'Uw lyP ls g]x¿ qmflGtsf/L ;fdflhs kl/jt{g ug{ rfxG5g\ . 8f= /fd dgf]x/ nf]lxofn] sf+u]|; kf6L{sf] sfo{s|dsf af/] Tof] a]nf Pp6f !% ;"qL l6Kk0fL tof/ u/]sf lyP . /, Tof] l6Kk0fL o:tf] lyof]M æsf+u]|;sf cl3lNt/ oltv]/ b'O6f ljsNkx¿ 5g\M -!_ /fHo /xf];\ jf o;sf] lj36g xf];\ / -@_ k'FhLjfbL /fHo xf];\ jf ;dfhjfbL /fHo . oL b'O{dWo] Pp6f;+u n8\bfv]l/ csf]{nfO{ lal;{g] vt/f eO/xG5 . o;}n] sf+u]|;nfO{ o; s;f}6LDff dfq s:g' x'Fb}g ls To;n] b]znfO{ ;dfhjfblt/ nlu/x]sf] 5 jf 5}g . a? o;df klg ls To;n] Pp6f zlQmzfnL /fHo lgdf{0f ug{ ;S5 ls ;Sb}g . sf+u]|;n] dfq hgtfåf/f -s_ sf] rogdf d2t ug{ ;S5 . h"g, !($* ;Dd s'g} csf]{ ;+u7gåf/f of] sfd ug{ cfzf gu0o 5 . o;}n] of] s'/f] ;a}n] :jLsf/ ug'{kb{5 ls sf+u]|;n] dfq ;Qf xfl;n ug{ ;S5 . sf+u]|;nfO{ alnof] ug'{xf];\ . o;af6 of] u[xo'4sf] vt/fsf] ;fdgf ug{ ;sf]; -Pstf sfod ug{ ;sf];\_ . clxn] / kl5 b+uf 5'/fafhL cflbsf lj?4 ;'/Iff :yflkt ug{ ;sf];\ .Æ===== :d/0fLo 5, Toltv]/ ;dfhjfbL u'6 sf+u]|;af6 5'l§Psf] lyPg . 8f= nf]lxofn] !% ;"qLo sfo{s|ddf ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . Ps–b'O{ jif{sf] of]hgf agf];\ . Ps alnof] /fHo lgdf{0fsf] ;fwgsf ¿kdf sf+u]|;nfO{ zlQmzfnL agfpg] of]hgf . /, csf]{ uf;, af; / skf;sf] tfTsflns ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{sf lglDt cfly{s of]hgf . lsgeg] k"0f{ :jtGqtfsf] nIo nueu k|fKt eO;s]sf] lyof] . sf+u]|;n] ;dfhjfbL /fHonfO{ cfkm\gf] nIo 3f]lift u/f];\ eGg] 8f= nf]lxofsf] ljrf/ lyof] . pgsf] s] egfO lyof] eg] oBlk jt{dfg l:ylt -cJoj:Yff / clglZrttf afx]s

ef]hg cflb ;DaGwL v/fa l:ylt_ df ;'wf/ bL3{sfndf g} xf]nf . t/ cf+lzs ¿kdf o;nfO{ cNksfndf ;'wfg{ ;lsG5 . lsgeg] of] cs'zntf / e|i6frf/ afx]s of] cgy{sf/L ljrf/sf] kl/0ffd xf] ls /fhgLlts l:yltdf k"0f{ ¿kn] sfa' gu/];Dd cfly{s If]qdf s]xL klg ug{ ;Dej x'Fb}g . hjfx/ nfn g]x¿sf] ljrf/ cg';f/ …zf:qLoÚ lyP . olt eg]/ pgn] otflt/ Wofg lbPgg\ . /, pgn] eg] ls æo; a]nf ;dfhjfbsf] s'/f ug'{ k|ltqmflGtsf/L sfd xf] . /, o;af6 pbLodfg /fi6« –/fHonfO{ dfq gf]S;fg x'Fb}g . a? ;dfhjfbnfO{ klg gf]S;fg x'g]5 .Æ o;/L :jtGqtfsf] pbosf] ;dodf 8f=cDa]8s/ / nf]lxof h:tf ;dfhjfbLx¿sf] ;f]rfO ;dfg lyof] . ;fdflhs / cfly{s qmflGt ug]{ sfd ;+u;+u} x'g'kb{5 eGg] b'j}sf] ljrf/ lyof] .

8f= cDa]8s/sf] cfly{s / ;fdflhs ;'emfjnfO{ df}lns clwsf/sf] cWofodf /flvPg . t/ /fHo gLlt–lgb]{zs l;4fGtsf] cnu cWofodf pgsf clwsf+z ;'emfjnfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] lyof] . t/ ;lDemg'kg]{ s'/f s] 5 eg] k|zf;gåf/f oL gLlt–lgb]{zs l;4fGtsf] pNn+3g ePdf cbfnt dfkm{t s'g} sfg'gL sf/afxL ug{ ;lsb}g . ctM ;+ljwfgsf] o; cWofosf] Jojxfl/s b[li6n] s'g} ljz]if c;/ x'Fb}g . olb ;+ljwfgd} JolQmut :jfldTjsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;Lldt ul/Psf] eP kl5 ;Dkltsf af/]df cbfntn] nufPsf c8ª\uf 6g{ ;Sby] . cDa]8s/ / ;dfhjfbLaLr c¿ s'/fdf klg dte]b lyof] . k|f/Dedf hjfx/ nfn g]x¿ / ;dfhjfbLn] hldgbf/L k|yfsf] pGd"ngsf] dfq s'/f u/]gg\ . a? pgLx¿n] ;fd"lxs / ;xsf/L v]tLsf] klg s'/f] ub{y] . t/ lj:tf/} ;dfhjfbL g]t[TjnfO{ cfef; eof] ls ;fd"lxs v]tL :jKg/~hg dfq x'g]5 . gfuk'/ sf+u]|;sf] k|:tfjaf6 of] s'/f] k|:6 x'G5 . ctM pgLx¿n] hldgbf/L pGd"ng / hUuf ljt/0f ug]{ s'/f]df hf]8 lbg ;'? u/] . hldgbf/L pGd"ngsf tyfslyt sfg'g / e"ld–wf/0f ;Ldfsf sfg'gsf afah'b s[lif e"ldsf ;d:of xn x'g kfPg . e"ldsf] ljt/0faf6 xl/hgsf] ;d:of xn x'g]5}g eGg] 8f=cDa]8s/sf] dfGotf lyof] . pgsf] rfxgf /fli6«os/0f lyof] . v]tLsf] pTkfbstf a9fP/, dhb'/L a9fP/ / ;fgf d]l;g pkof]u u/]/ cf}Bf]lus l:yltdf ;'wf/ ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ;dfhjfbLx¿sf] ljrf/ lyof] .

cDa]8s/ / wd{–kl/jt{g

x'g t dxfTdf ufGwLn] c:k[Zotf lgjf/0f cleofg rnfPsf lyP . t/ To;sf] ult dGb lyof] . /, lxGb' ;dfhnfO{ ;dtfd"ns ;fdflhs Joj:yfdf kl/jt{g ug]{ k|of; b]v]/ 8f=cDa]8s/ lg/fz lyP . o;}n] gf]e]Da/, !(#% df o]jn] -gfl;s_ df pgn] k]|;L8]G;L cg';"lrt hflt ;Dd]ngdf Pp6f pQ]hs efif0f u/]sf lyP . 8f=cDa]8s/sf] ljrf/ o:tf] lyof] . cg';"lrt hfltsf ;fy eo+s/ b'j{Jojxf/ ul/G5 . lsgeg] pgLx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ lxGb' eGg] ub{5g\ . olb pgLx¿ c¿ s'g} wd{sf] ;b:o ePsf] eP s;}df klg pgLx¿nfO{ c:k[Zosf] bhf{ lbg] ;fx; x'g] lyPg . ctM h'g wd{n] pgLx¿nfO{ …;dfg Jojxf/ / k|lti7fÚ lbg ;S5 To; wd{nfO{ /f]h eGg] ;Nnfx 8f= cDa]8s/n] cg';"lrt hfltsf dflg;nfO{ lbPsf lyP . dxfTdf ufGwLnfO{ o;af6 lgs} b'MVv nfUof] . pgn] lxGb' wd{;+u k"/} ;DaGw tf]8\g] cDa]8s/sf] k|:tfjnfO{ b'ef{Uok"0f{ eg] . of] ;DejtM sljyf tyf cGo ufpFx¿df xl/hgdfly ev{/} ePsf] cTofrf/sf] k|ltls|of xf] eGg] s'/f] pgn] ;f]r] . ufGwLhLn] eg] M æt/ wd{ Pp6f ejg jf c+u/Ifsh:tf] xf]Og ls ha rfx]df abNg ;lsof];\ . of] z/L/eGbf Hofbf cfTdfsf] cleGg c+u xf] . wd{ Pp6f o:tf] aGwg xf] h;n] dflg;nfO{ O{Zj/;+u hf]8\g] sfd ub{5 . /, z/L/ gi6 ePkl5 klg cfTdfsf ;fy Tof] /lx/xG5 . olb 8f=cDa]8s/nfO{ O{Zj/df cf:yf 5 eg] d pgnfO{ s] eGb5' eg] pgn] cfkm\gf] s|f]wnfO{ zfGt u¿g\ . cfkm\gf l:yltaf/] k'glj{rf/ u¿g\ . /, cfkm\gf k"j{hx¿sf] wd{df cf:yfxLg cg'ofoLx¿sf] sdhf]/Lsf cfwf/df xf]Og wd{sf] u'0fsf cfwf/df k'gM ljrf/ u¿g\ .Æ ;f]emf–;femf s/f]8f}+ clzlIft xl/hgn] cDa]8s/sf s'/f ;'Gg] 5}gg of] ufGwLhLn] 8f= cDa]8s/nfO{ ;fjwfg u/]sf lyP . pgn] cDa]8s/nfO{ of] ljZjf; lbnfP ls oL l56k'6 cTofrf/sf afah'b c:k[Zotfsf] cGt ca glhlsPsf] 5 . s/f]8f}+ dflg; wd{ kl/jt{gsf lglDt tof/ x'g] 5}gg\ eGg] ufGwLsf] s'/f] 7Ls} lyof] . t/ ;j0f{sf] r]tgf hfUnf / xl/hghsf lj?4 x'g] cTofrf/ rfF8} g} cGt x'g]5 eGg] ufGwLsf] cfzf kTofpg] vfnsf] lyPg .

ufGwLhLsf] pQ/ cDa]8s/n] o;/L lbPsf lyP . sljyfsf] 36gf l56k'6 xf]Og . o:tf cTofrf/sf lj?4 k"j{hx¿sf] wd{df cGthf{t / clgjfo{ 5 . æhxfF;Dd d]/f] k|Zg 5, d cfkm\gf] s'/f]df cl8u 5' . d]/f k5fl8 dflg; cfp5g\ ls cfpFb}gg\ eGg] s'/f]df dnfO{ lrGtf 5}g .Æ ufGwLhL cfkm\gf] s'/f]df 8l6/x] . pgn] ;'wf/sx¿nfO{ 8f=cDa]8s/sf] plrt s|f]waf6 xtf]T;flxt gx'g] clkn u/] . pgn] eg] ls ;j0f{n] o; k|ZgnfO{ k|rf/ u/]sf lyP . /, sljyfsf xl/hgx¿n] cfkm\gf aRrfnfO{ klAns :s'ndf k9fpg] cfkm\gf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . o; 36gfn] g} gofF xfjf nfu]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f] atfpF5 . ufGwLhLn] cDa]8s/sf] jQmJonfO{ ad la:kmf]6 eg]sf lyP . o;n] lxGb'nfO{ 8/ b]vfof] . s]xL lxGb'n] cDa]8s/nfO{ of] sbd grfNg k|fy{gf u/] . ufGwLhLnfO{ of] sfd /fd|f] nfu]g . pgn] ;/bf/ aNne efOnfO{ n]v]M of]eGbf plrt xf]nf ls oL lxGb'n] c:k[ZotfnfO{ ;dfKt ug{sf lglDt b[9 k|of; u¿g\ . ufGwLhLn] ;]jf ;+3sf sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ eg] ls olb pgL cDa]8s/sf] 7fpFdf x'Gy] eg] pgn] clx+;fdf ljZjf; ug]{ lyPgg\ . lxGb' g]tfx¿sf] clknn] klg cDa]8s/nfO{ k|efljt u/]g . wd{ h?/L x'G5 eGg] ljrf/ ufGwLhLsf] lyof] . o; s'/f]df cDa]8s/ klg ;xdt lyP . t/ k"j{hsf] wd{ pgsf] ;fFRrf] wd{sf] ljk/Lt 5 eg] To;df nflu/xg' kb{5 eGg] s'/f]df cDa]8s/ ;xdt lyPgg\ . wd{sf] tflTjs cfwf/ h];'s} xf];\, g}lts l;4fGt / ;fdflhs Jojxf/ g} p;sf] ;xL hu x'Fb}g . pgn] eg] lxGb'–;dfhn] gofF / plrt hudf cfkm\gf] k'glg{df0f ug{ ;S5 eGg] s'/f]df d k"0f{tM lg/fz eO;s]sf] 5' .Æ s'g wd{nfO{ ckgfpg] eGg] s'/f]df 8f=cDa]8s/ bf]wf/df lyP . ;a} ldn]/ o;sf] lg0f{o ug'{kb{5 eGg] pgsf] egfO lyof] . s'g} hLjGt / zlQmzfnL ;d'bfodf k|j]z ug'{kb{5 eGg] pgsf] rfxgf lyof] . pgn] o;nfO{ clvn ef/tLo cfGbf]ngsf] ¿k lbg rfxGy] . ;j{k|yd af}4 jf l;v wd{df hfg] cDa]8s/sf] ljrf/ lyof] . af}4 wd{sf af/] pgnfO{ cln cˆ7]/f] nfu]sf] lyof] . pgn] l;v wd{sf af/] ljrf/ ug{ ;Sy] . O:nfdL Pshgf af}4 leIf' lyP . pgn] xl/hgx¿nfO{ af}4 wd{df cfslif{t u/]/ pgLx¿nfO{ lzIff lbg ;S5' eGg] pgdf ljZjf; lyof] .

wd{ kl/jt{g u/]kl5 cf/If0fsf] ;'ljwf kfOFb}g eGg] s'/f] 8f=cDa]8s/nfO{ atfOof] . o;df cDa]8s/n] eg] ls dfq OR5fsf] cleJolQmsf] cy{ ;DaGw tf]8\g' xf]Og . h'nfO{, !(#^ df sfg'gsf b[li6n] clxn] klg pgL lxGb' g} x'g\ eGg] s'/f] pgn] 7Ý}–7Ýfdf u/]sf lyP . wd{ kl/jt{gsf ;jfndf cDa]8s/ :ki6 lyPgg\ . Psflt/ pgn] O:nfd, O;fO{ wd{ / l;v wd{sf ljz]iftf af/] ax; ub{y] . csf]{lt/ lxGb' æwd{ kl/jt{g cfGbf]ngk|lt pbfl;g /xg ;Sb}gg\Æ eGg] pgsf] egfO lyof] . To;kl5 O;fO{ wd{ jf O:nfd ckgfPdf o;sf] kl/0ffd s] xf]nf o;tkm{ pgn] ljrf/ u/] . lxGb'x¿sf b[li6n] l;v wd{ ;aeGbf /fd|f] xf]nf eGg] egfO klg pgsf] lyof] . æolb blnt ju{n] O;fO{ wd{ jf O:nfd dfg] eg] pgLx¿ lxGb' wd{af6 aflxl/g] t 5g\ g} . o; afx]s lxGb' ;+:s[ltsaf6 klg pgLx¿ cnu x'g]5g\ . olb l;v wd{ :jLsf/ u/] eg] pgLx¿ lxGb' wd{df /lx/xg ;S5g\ . lxGb'x¿sf lglDt of] nfebfos s'/f] xf]Og .Æ wd{ kl/jt{g ugf{n] ;f/f b]zdf o;sf] s] c;/ knf{ eGg] s'/f] Wofg lbg' h?/L 5 .

O:nfdf jf O;fO{ wd{lt/ blnt nfu] eg] pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] /fli6«otf u'dfpg]5g\ . olb pgLx¿ O:nfddf uP eg] d';ndfgx¿sf] ;+Vof bf]Aa/ x'g]5 . /, o;/L d';ndfgsf] k|e'Tjsf] vt/f klg jf:tljs x'g]5 . olb pgLx¿n] O;fO{ wd{ :jLsf/ u/] eg] O;fO{x¿sf] ;+Vof % b]lv ^ s/f]8 x'g]5 . o;af6 c+u]|hnfO{ b]z ul//fVg ;xfotf k|fKt x'g]5 . o;sf] ljk/Lt olb pgLx¿ l;v ag] eg] b]zsf] lgoltdf s'g} gf]S;fg x'g]5}g . a? To;df ;xfos g} x'g]5g\ . blnt ju{sf] lg/fli6«os/0f x'g]5}g . pko'{Qm s'/faf6 cDa]8s/sf ljrf/df ;+lbUwtf b]lvG5 . o;df s] klg b]lvG5 eg] lxGb' wd{ / o;sf] ;+:s[lt jf ef/tLotfk|lt pgsf] lgs} nufj lyof] . /, pgn] To;nfO{ 5f]8\g rfxGgy] . oxL ljrf/n] ubf{ pgnfO{ si6 x'GYof] . cl3Nnf] aL; jif{;Dd o;df s'g} cfwf/e"t kl/jt{g ePg . O;fO{ wd{k|ltsf] cfsif{0f pgsf lglDt pQ/f]Q/ sd x'Fb} uof] . O;f dl;xsf] wd{n] ;j{JofkL hflt Joj:yf;+u ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f pgn] a'em] . lxGb' wd{ hlts} O;fO{ wd{df klg hfltsf] lx:;f x'G5 .

O:nfd hLjGt / a[l4zLn wd{ lyof] . PsfGtfsf d'l:nd ef/tdf zlQmzfnL lyP . /, pgnfO{ ;fDk|bflos dtbftf ;"lr / 7"nf] k|ltlglwTjh:tf ljz]if clwsf/ k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . t/ of] wd{ ts{;+ut / ;dtfd"ns Jojxf/sf] s;f}6LDff v/f] plqb}gYof] .

O:nfd wd{n] kl/jt{gnfO{ :jLsf/ ub{5 . of] Pp6f zlQmzfnL wd{ lyof] . To;sf s]xL ljz]iftfx¿ lyP . tLk|lt cDa]8s/ cfs[i6 lyP . t/ o; cGtu{tdf s]xL c+ue"n s'/fsf lglDt pgsf] dgdf c?lr lyof] . If'b|tf lxGb' wd{df dfq lyPg . æO:nfd klg ;fdflhs Jojxf/df Tolt g} If'b|tf lyof] .Æ b'j}df ldl>t ljjfx cdfGo lyof] . O:nfddf hlt alnof] Pstf 5 Tolt g} alnof] ljefhg klg 5 eGg] ts{ 8f=cDa]8s/sf] lyof] . æO:nfdsf] aGw'Tj ;a} dg'iosf] aGw'Tj xf]Og . xf] eg] dfq d';ndfgx¿sf] aGw'Tj xf] .Æ ækfls:tfg / kf6L{zg cfkm Ol08ofÆ sf] bzf}F cWofodf cDa]8s/n] ef/tdf d'l:nd ;dfhsf] l:yltaf/] ljrf/ u/] . ld; ldof]n] lxGb' ;dfhsf v/faLx¿sf] e08fkmf]/ u/] eGg] egfO cDa]8s/sf] lyof] . t/ o;af6 ;f/f ;+;f/df of] b'ef{Uok"0f{ wf/0ff lg:sGYof] . Tof] xf] lxGb' ¿l9jfbL / ;fdflhs v/faLx¿sf sf/0f lxts]df dfl;Psf] 5 . t/ d';ndfg o; sRr/af6 d'Qm 5 . /, lxGb'sf] t'ngfdf k|ulyzLn 5 . o; lsl;dsf] lgisif{ b]v]/ cDa]8s/nfO{ cfZro{ eof] . o;}n] pgn] d'l:nd ;dfhsf] l:ylt 5fglag u/] . cDa]8s/n] ;aeGbf klxn] afn–ljjfxsf] k|Zg cl3 ;f/] . ;g\ !**! b]lv ;g\ !(#! ;Ddsf] cjlwdf afn–ljjfxsf af/] d';ndfgsf] l:ylt lxGb'eGbf /fd|f] lyPg . O;fO{sf cfFs8fn] g} k|ultzLnlt/ ;+s]t ub{5g\ .

To;kl5 cDa]8s/n] d'l:nd ;dfhsf dlxnf ;DaGwL l:ylt a'em\g] ljrf/ u/] . bfOhf]sf] af/]df d'l:nd ;dfhsf] l:ylt lxGb'sf /Llt–l/jfh / zf:qLo lgodsf t'ngfdf /fd|f] lyof] . lsgeg] lxGb'df bfOhf] j/nfO{ lbOG5 eg] d';ndfgdf …d]x/Ú cyf{t\ jw'nfO{ lbOG5 . t/ ax' ljjfx / ;DaGw ljR5]b h:Tff s'/fdf d'l:nd dlxnfsf] l:ylt c;xfo lyof] . cDa]8s/n] Pp6f ld>L g]tfsf] pbfx/0f lbb} eg]sf lyP– æO:nfdn] dlxnfx¿sf] tNnf] l:yltdf nfxf5fk nufO;s]sf] 5 . p;n] o:tf] /Llt–l/jfhnfO{ wfld{s dGh'/L lbPsf] 5 h;n] dlxnfnfO{ cfkm\gf] JolQmTjsf] ljsf; / cfTdldJolQmsf] k"0f{ cj;/af5 jl~rt ub{5 .Æ

To;kl5 8f=cDa]8s/ bf;tf / hfltsf] k|Zglt/ nfu] . of] g} pgsf lglDt cTolws dxŸjk"0f{ lyof] . oBlk sfg'g agfP/ bf; k|yf ;dfKt eO;s]sf] 5 . t/ d';ndfg ;dfhdf clxn];Dd bf; k|yf rln/x]sf] 5 . ;g\ !()! df 8f=cDa]8s/n] a+ufnsf] hgu0fgfsf cwLIfssf] pbfx/0f lbP/ eg] ls d';ndfg d'VotM b'O{ efudf ljeQm lyPM æcz/km / chnkmÆ stfslt Pp6f æt];|f] ju{ ch{n ;aeGbf ;fgf]_ klg lyof] .Æ pgn] To; hgu0fgfsf] l/kf]6{sf] nfdf] pbfx/0f k|:t't ub}{ Pp6f lgisif{ lgsfn]sf lyP . æd';ndfgn] hflt dfq dfGb}gy] a? 5'jf5"tnfO{ klg dfGby] .Æ cDa]8s/n] d'l:nd tyf lxGb' dlxnfdf k|rlnt kbf{–k|yfsf] klg cfnf]rgf u/] . d'l:nd ;dfhdf ;fdflhs hLjg h8tfsf] l:yltdf dfq 5}g . a? /fhgLlts hLjg klg h8 5 eGg] pgsf] lgrf]8 lyof] . d'l:nd /fhgLlts d'ntM df}njL–d'Nnfx¿sf] v]n xf] eg]/ pgn] To; ;dfhsf] cfnf]rgf u/]sf lyP . pgsf lglDt a9L si6bfos s'/f] lyof]]– d';ndfgdf ;fdflhs ;'wf/ ug]{ ;+ul7t cfGbf]ngsf] cefj lyof] . oL v/faLx¿ x6fpg] o;df s]xL cfzf lyPg . lxGb' jftfj/0fn] lxGb' ;dfhnfO{ ckl/jt{gzLntflt/ n}hfG5 eGg] cDa]8s/sf] egfO lyof] . oxL sf/0f ef/tsf d';ndfg c¿ b]zsf d'l:nd ;dfheGbf lgs} lk5l8Psf 5g\ . p;sf] ;f/f zlQm lxGb' jftfj/0fsf] bafa;+u n8\g] / h] h;/L eP klg ctLtnfO{ agfO /fVg] s'/f]df vr{ x'G5 . rfx] Tof] ctLt To;sf lglDt nfebfos xf];\ jf xflgsf/s . cDa]8s/n] nfe} vf]h u/] . t/ clxn];Dd pgn] s]xL k|fKt ug{ ;s]gg\ . To;kl5 pgL af}4 wd{sf] x|f; / gfzsf] Oltxf; cWoog ug{lt/ sl:;P . a|fXd0fjfb af}4 wd{sf] lj?4 x'g'df sf/0f lyof] . lsgeg] To;n] a|fXd0fx¿sf] k|e'Tjdf k|xf/ u/]sf] lyof] . /, To;n] hfltsf] aGwgnfO{ v's'nf] u/]sf] lyof] . a|fXd0fjfbn] af}4 wd{lt/ ;f]em} cf/f]k nufPg . o;sf] ;f6f] p;n] ck|ToIf ¿kdf cf/f]k nufPsf] lyof] . a|fXd0fjfbn] af}4 wd{sf ;fy ;dfof]hg / ;Demf}tf ug]{ cleofg cToGt s'zntfk"j{ rnfPsf] lyof] . kmn:j¿k ;j{;fwf/0f dflg; lxGb' wd{df kls|g ;lhnf] eof] . ufO{ -tyf cGo kz'_ sf] alnnfO{ a'4n] aGb u/]sf lyP . a|fXd0fn] o; l;4fGtnfO{ ckgfP tyf ufO{nfO{ kljq 3f]lift u/] . :d/0fLo 5, z+s/frfo{nfO{ …k/f]If a'4Ú klg elgG5 . lxhf]cfh h;nfO{ xfdL c:k[Zo

eGb5f}F pgsf k'vf{x¿n] nfdf] ;dob]lv af}4 wd{ ckgfPsf lyP . lognfO{ lxGb' wd{df kmsf{pgsf lglDt nfdf] ;do;Dd bafa lbg' h¿/L lyof] . æha c¿ s'g} tl/sfn] ;kmntf xft nfu]g ta ;fdflhs alx:sf/ / c:k[Zotfsf] pkof]u ul/of] . kl5 uP/ pgLx¿n] af}4 wd{ Tofu] . pgLx¿nfO{ klg 3f]/ ckdfgsf] b08 lbOof] .Æ ;g\ !($( df cDa]8s/n] of] l;4fGt k|ltkflbt u/]sf lyP . a|fXd0fjfbn] af}4 wd{sf s}of}F s'/fx¿ :jLsf/ u/]sf] lyof . a|fXd0f ju{ lgs} w"t{ lyof] . pgn] cfkm" :jo+nfO{ kl/l:ylt cg';f/ abNg] Ifdtf b]vfPsf lyP . p;n] cg]s ;fdflhs ;+3 Pj+ wfld{s ;+:yfnfO{ TofHo 3f]lift u/] . t/ p;n] Pp6f s'/f] ;xg ;Sb}gYof] . /, Tof] xf] ;dfgtfsf] sNkgf . afx'gsf] c+xsf/ / pgsf] ljhosf] kl/0ffd s] eof] < of] wd{sf] / o;df :yflkt ;Eotfsf] :j¿k s] xf] h;nfO{ o;sf ;dy{sn] cToGt k|flrg / ;gftg eGb5g\ < lxGb' ;Eotf ^ xhf/ jif{ k'/fgf] xf] eGg] s;}sf] egfO 5 . s;}nfO{ oltd} ;Gtf]if x'Fb}g . pgLx¿n] o;eGbf klg k'/fgf] l;4 ug{ rfxG5g\ . of] olt k'/fgf] ;Eotfn] kfFr s/f]8 c5"t, b'O{ s/f]8 cflbjf;L / em08} krf; xhf/ ck/fwL hfltx¿nfO{ hGdfof] . o; ;EotfnfO{ s] eGg] < of] s:tf] ;Eotf xf] h;sf] kl/0ffd olt ;f]rgLo 5g\ < dnfO{ log} s'/fdf ck;f]r x'G5 . st} cfwf/e"t v/faL 5g\ . lxGb'nfO{ ca o; b[li6n] o; s'/fdf ljrf/ ug'{ kb{5 . s] o; lsl;dsf] ;Eotf uj{ ug{ nfos x'G5 < o;af/] pgLx¿ b'O{kN6 xf]Og, ;ok6s ;f]Rg'kb{5 . s] o; lsl;dsf kl/0ffdsf afah'b pgLx¿nfO{ ;Eo eGg ;lsG5 < s] lxGb'x¿n] 8f=cDa]8s/sf] o; r]tfjgLlt/ Wofg lbP < lbPgg\ . cfo{ ;dfhn] lxGb' wd{nfO{ hfltljxLg wd{ agfpg] k|of; u/]s} xf] . To;af6 s] eof] < lxGb' ;dfh Joj:Yff s] xf] < o;af/] 8f=cDa]8s/nfO{ /fd|/L yfxf lyof] . o;nfO{ s;n] rnfpF5 / s;/L rN5 of] a'emfO klg pgdf lyof] . d';ndfg / c¿ u}/–lxGb'nfO{ z'l4sf] af6f] eP/ lxGb' wd{df Nofpg k|of; ug'{ xf:okb lyof] . pgn] ;'l4sf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ pkxf; u/] . s'g} a]nf ;fob lxGb' wd{ ldzg/L tyf jlw{i0f' lyof] xf]nf . t/ hflt–;+:yfsf] ljsf;kl5 To;sf] ldzg/L :j¿k gi6 x'g' ckl/xfo{ lyof] . ;'l4 ta ;kmn x'g ;S5 ha Tof] wd{ kl/jt{g ug{]x¿nfO{ lxGb' ;dfhdf ldnfcf];\ hAh u/f];\

. lxGb' ;dfhsf lglDt o; ;t{nfO{ k"/f ug'{ ;Dej x'Fb}g . wd{ kl/jt{g ug]{ dflg;sf] hft s] x'g] < olb lxGb'sf] s'g} hflt 5}g eg] Tof] lxGb' g} xf]Og . /, ;dfhdf To;sf] s'g} :yfg x'Fb}g . c¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] wd{df Nofpg'cl3 lxGb'nfO{ …:jfoQ / ;+sL0f{Ú hftdf cfkm\gf] ljefhg ;dfKt ug'{kg]{ 5 . df}nfgf df}xDdb cnLn] sfsLgf8f sf+u]|;sf] cWoIf kbaf6 af]Nb} lxGb'x¿sf] o; sdhf]/LnfO{ Ozf/f u/]sf lyP . ;LdfGt k|fGtsf ckmufg tyf cGo slanfnfO{ lxGb' wd{df Nofpg] k|of; ug'{ …lbjf :jKgÚ dfq lyof] . cDa]8s/n] lxGb' wd{af/] ulxl/xP/ cWoog u/] . pgn] c¿ wd{ / ;+:s[ltsf] klg ;"Id ljZn]if0f u/]sf lyP . pgn] ;+;f/el/sf wd{x¿sf] af}l4s ofqf u/] . To;kl5 g t ox'bL d"nsf] wd{ g t o; pkdxfåLksf] lxGb' wd{ pgsf] s;f}6Ldf v/f] plqg ;Sb}g eGg] 6'+ufdf pgL k'u]sf lyP . kmn:j¿k 8f=cDa]8s/ cfkm\gf] k'/fg} cfsif{0f laGb'lt/ kms]{ . Tof] xf] uf}td a'4 / af}4 wd{ . t/ oxfF g]/ Pp6f k|Zg t]l;{G5 . Pp6f ;Gtf]ifhgs wd{sf] vf]hLdf pgL olt w]/} lng / a]r}g lsg lyP < o;sf k5fl8 wd{ ;dfhnfO{ arfO /fVg / To;nfO{ cg'zfl;t ug{sf lglDt h¿/L x'G5 eGg] pgnfO{ b[9 ljZjf; lyof] . wd{lagf g}lts hLjg c;Dej x'G5 . wd{ dflg;sf lglDt clkmdsf] uf]nL xf] eGg] dfS;{sf] l;4fGt lyof] . 8f=cDa]8s/sf lglDt of] l;4fGt :jLsfo{ lyPg . pgn] cg';"lrt hflt / k5f}6] ju{sf] cfly{s pGgltnfO{ dxTj lbGy] . t/ pgsf nflu olt sfkmL lyPg . z/L/sf] ;+u;+u} dgsf] klg ljsf; ug'{kb{5 eGg] pgsf] ljrf/ lyof] . dg klg ;'4 ljrf/n] el/g'kb{5 . dflg;df pT;fx eGg] s'/f] lyPg . pgLx¿sf lglDt hLjg af]em lyof], Pp6f pmafpm ultljlw lyof] . lxGb' wd{ c;dfgtf / cdfGo x'g\ . o;}n] o; wd{n] dflg;sf v'zL / pT;fxsf ;f/f efjgfx¿ ;dfKt ug]{ sfd u/]sf] 5 . cfzf dg'io hLjgsf] k|]/s zlQm xf] . wd{n] cfzf hufpF5 . cfzf cfTdj~rgf eGbf leGg x'G5 . dg'ionfO{ wd{ g} zflGt k|fKt x'g ;S5 . o;}n] ul/a dflg; wd{df nflu/xG5 . /f]dg ;fd|fHosf Pshgf Oltxf;sf/ lyP . pgsf] gfpF luAag lyof] . O;fO{ wd{sf] pbo x'g' g} /f]dg ;fd|fHosf] ljgfzsf] sf/0f lyof] eGg] pgsf] ljrf/ lyof] . t/ wd{sf af/] cDa]8s/sf] pgL;+u dte]b lyof] .

af}4 wd{n] dxfofgsf] ¿k lnPkl5 Tof] nf]slk|o ePsf] lyof] . Tof] wd{nfO{ ;j{;fwf/0f dflg;sf] ;dy{g rflxPsf] lyof] . o;sf lglDt To; wd{n] sltko ;Demf}tf u¥of] . /, d"n z'4tf tyf ts{lgi7fnfO{ ;f+lb|t u¥of] . a'4n] clGt ;To, O{Zj/, cfTdf, cd/Tj cflnsf] ljtG8jfbdf s'/f] :jLsf/ u/]gg\ . t/ dxfofgn] a'4sf] JolQmTjnfO{ lnP/ lj:t[t k'/f0f syf tof/ u¥of] . p;n] a'4nfO{ b]jTjLs/0f u¥of] . /, p;n] p;nfO{ …df]Ifbftf O{Zj/Ú agfof] . a'4n] afx'gjfbsf] lj?4 ljb|f]x u/]sf lyP . of] ;fFRrf] s'/f] xf] . /, o; k|ls|ofdf pgn] hflt–Joj:yfdf kfOg] s7f]/tf g} kSs} klg sd u/]sf lyP . t/ pgsf] lzIff df]Ifdf s]Gb|Lt lyof] . ctM hfltljxLg ;dfh lgdf{0f ug'{ pgsf] k|d'v p2]Zo lyof] eGg] s'/f] o;} eGg ;lsGg a'4n] ;j{;fwf/0f hg;d'bfonfO{ cfkm\g} ;+3af6 cnUu} /fv]sf lyP . /, pgn] hGd, d[To', ljjfx cflb sd{sf08nfO{ 5f]Pgg\ . oL sfddf afx'gn] k'/f]lxtL g} ul//x] . o;}n] afx'gjfb / hflt k|yfnfO{ c3ft k/] klg ;dfKt eg] ePgg\ . dnfO{ o:t} nfU5 . pgn] a'4nfO{ Pp6f ;fdflhs qmflGtsf/Lsf ¿kdf lrlqt ug]{ k|of; u/]sf lyP . t/ pgsf] k|ltkfbg lgs} cfZjl:tssf/s eg] 5}g . o;sf cltl/Qm a'4n] sd{ / k'gh{Gdsf] l;4fGtnfO{ klg c:jLsf/ u/]gg\ . /, oxL Tof] 9f]sf lyof] h;af6 afx'gjfb km]l/ ef/tLo dl:tisdf xfaL eof] . o;n] ;dfhdf emgemg\ s7f]/ tyf ctftfoL hflt k|yf nfb\g] sfd u¥of] . 8f=cDa]8s/n] af}4 wd{ ckgfPkl5 hflt k|yfdf s'g} vf; k|efj kg]{jfnf ly{Pg . hfltn] bz{g / wd{sf] cg'df]bg k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] . Tof] bz{g / wd{df k|xf/ ug'{ h¿/L 5 , cGw >4f, wfld{s cf8Da/ jfx'gjfbsf] /fhgLlts / cfly{s lsNnfdf k|xf/ ug'{ h¿/L 5 . To;kl5 g} of] hflt k|yf gi6 x'g]5 . gSsnL wfld{s k'ghf{u/0faf6 of] gi6 x'g]5}g . ;g\ !()^ df ef/tsf ljz]if k|ltlglwnfO{ pgn] ef/tsf ;ft s/f]8 xl/hgnfO{ af}4 wd{ :jLsf/ ug{ eg'g eGg] s'/f] u/]sf lyP . wd{ dfgjtfsf lglDt cfjZos x'G5 eGg] ljrf/ 8f=cDa]8/sf] lyof] . wd{ ;dfKt eof] eg] ;dfh klg ;dfKt x'g]5 . s'g}klg ;/sf/n] Tof] ;'/Iff / cg'zf;gsf] 5fFof lsg ;Sb}g hf] gLlt / wd{af6 p;nfO{ k|fKt x'G5 . s'g} ts{lgi7 JolQmsf lglDt o;;+u ;xdt x'g' sl7g x'G5 . cDa]8s/n] >4fdf cfwfl/t wd{ xf]Og, ljj]sdf cfwfl/t wd{ rfxGy] . g}lts d"Nodf cfwfl/t Joj:yfnfO{ g} pgn] wd{sf]

unt gfpF /fv] . cfkm"leq ;fFRrf] wfld{s k]|/0ff geP klg pgn] wfld{s k'ghf{u/0f Nofpg] k|of; u/]sf lyP . afx'gjfb h:t} af}4 wd{n] klg wd{jfb / k'gh{Gdjfbdf ljZjf; u¥of] . /, afx'gjfbn] oL ljZjf;nfO{ c;dfgtfnfO{ zf:jt agfO /fVg k|of]u u¥of] . ;fob of] ts{ ug{ ;lsG5 ls af}4 wd{ ts{df cfl>t lyof] . t/ xfdLn] s] lal;{g' x'Gg eg] hg;fwf/0fsf] wd{ ag]kl5 g} hfts syf

;'? ePsf] lyof] . a'4nfO{ eujfg t'No dfGg yflnof] . /, a'4sf

k|ltdfsf] k'hf x'g yfNof] . dxfofgsf cg'ofoLx¿n] b]zleq dfq xf]Og, blIf0fL af}4 wd{df lxgofg klGy b]zdf klg a'4sf] k'hf ug{ yflnof] . of] elQm dfu{ cGtu{t /fd, s[i0f / lzjsf] k'hfaf6 jf /f]dg s}yf]lnssf O;fsL cfdf d]/Lsf] k"hfeGbf s'g} lsl;dn] leGg lyPg . :d/0fLo 5, d]/Lsf] k"hfsf] lah O;fO{ k"j{ xhf/f}+ jif{ k'/fgf] b]jL–b]ptfdf lglxt 5 . a6«]08 /;]nn] wd{sf af/]df eg]sf s'/f csf6\o 5g\M æk|foM elgG5 ls wd{df k|xf/ ug'{ unt xf] . lsgeg] wd{n] g} dflg;nfO{ ;bu'0fL agfpF5 , dnfO{ klg oxL elgPsf] lyof] . t/ d]/f] of] cg'ej 5}g . ;}Do'cn a6n/sf] Pp6f k':ts …P/Jxfg l/ldlh6]8Ú df tkfO{n] o; ts{sf] v08g b]Vg'ePsf] xf]nf . P/Jxfgdf Pshgf ;Hhg lx+U; lyP . hf] b'/:y b]z hfG5g\ / s]xL ;do ToxfF latfPkl5 u'Aa/fdf a;]/ Tof] b]zaf6 efU5g\ . aL; jif{kl5 pgL Tof] b]z kmls{G5g\ . /, ToxfF pgn] Pp6f gofF wd{ b]V5g\ h;df pgnfO{ g} …;"o{k'qÚ dfg]/ k"hf ul/G5 . /, elgG5 ls pgL :ju{df uPsf lyP . :juf{/f]x0fsf] pT;j x'g} nfu]sf] lyof] / k|f]km];/ x}+sL / k}+sLn] of] s'/f] u/]sf] ;'G5 ls lxU;nfO{ s;}n] slxNo} b]v]sf] lyPg g b]Vg] g} 5g\ . tL b'j} ;"o{k'q wd{sf k'hf/L lyP . of] ;'g]/ pm lgs} l/;fpF5 . /, p;n] tL b'j}nfO{ eGb5M æd}n] o; ;f/f kfv08sf] e08kmf]/ ug]{5' . d lxU; x'F / Ps ;fwf/0f dfG5] hf] u'Aaf/fdf a;]/ p8]sf] lyPF eGg] s'/f] ug]{5' .Æ pgLx¿n] eg]– æo:tf] ug'{ x'Fb}g . lsgeg] b]zsf] ;f/f g}lts Joj:yf o; ldysdf l6s]sf] 5 . /, olb dflg;n] ltdL :ju{ guPsf] yfxf kfP eg] ;f/f hgtf b'i6 aGg]5g\ .Æ lxU;nfO{ pgLx¿sf] s'/f] 7Ls nfUof] / pgL ;'6'Ss ToxfFaf6 lx+8] .Æ a'4n] cfkm"nfO{ O{Zj/ dfg]gg\ . pgsf] lzIffsf] oxL g} ljlzi6tf xf] . d O{Zj/ x'F clGtd cjtf/ x'F jf O{Zj/sf ;Gb]zjfxs x'F o; lsl;dsf s'g} bfaL pgn] u/]gg\ . o;sf] pN6f] pgsf cfdf–afa' ;fdfGo dTo{ lyP eGg] egfO pgsf] lyof] . a'4n] cfTdfsf] cgZj/tf jf k/d ;Tosf

;DaGwdf c8snafhLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbPgg\ . pgn] l;km{ b'Mvdf ljho k|fKt ug]{ / dlxnf– k'?ifsf si6sf ;d:ofsf zlQm s]Gb|Lt u/] . cDa]8s/sf lglDt af}4 wd{sf] a'l4jfbL tyf Jojxfl/s kIf /fd|f lyP . k|flrg Oltxf; / af}4 wd{sf] pTyfg Pj+ k|;fr/sf] cWoog u/]/ cDa]8s/n] s] yfxf kfP eg] a'4sf] lzIff kz'aln / sd{sf08sf] cft+ssf lj?4 ljb|f]x dfq lyPg . a? j0f{ Joj:yf / 7"nf]–;fgf] hftaLr ;dfh ljefhgsf] lj?4 ljb|f]x klg xf] . df}o{ ;fd|fHosf a]nf ef/t dxfgtfsf] lzv/df lyof] . cDa]8s/n] o;sf] sf/0f afx'gdfly af}4 wd{sf] ljho xf] eGg] s'/f] u/] . kl5 uP/ af}4 wd{df x|f; cfof] . o;sf] sf/0f b[li6df sfnfGt/df af}4 wd{df cfPsf v/faLx¿ lyP . o;sf cltl/Qm d';ndfgsf] cfs|d0fn] klg af}4 wd{nfO{ 3fts rf]6 k'¥ofPsf] lyof] . a'4sfnLg klZrdf]Q/ / pQ/ ef/tsf clwsf+z e"efudf u0ftGq zf;g x'g' ;fdfGo s'/f] lyof] . oxL s'/f] cDa]8s/n] xfdLnfO{ :d/0f u/fP . pgn] af}4–;+3sf] nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfgnfO{ k|;+;f u/]sf 5g\ . /, pgn] ;+3sf ;b:ox¿sf] lghL ;Dklt x'Fb}gYof] eGg] s'/f] u/] .

8f=cDa]8s/ dfS;{jfbL bz{gsf ;dy{s lyPgg\ . t/ blnt hfltsf lglDt o; bz{gsf] cfsif{0f 5 eGg] s'/f] pgnfO{ yfxf lyof] . h'g wd{n] sDo'lg:6 ljrf/wf/fsf] pQ/ lbg ;Qm}g Tof] hLljt /xg ;Qm}g . ;fDojfbsf] Onfh s]jn af}4–wd{ g} xf] . of] s'/f] cDa]8s/n] % km/j/L, !(%^ df lbNnLsf] a'4 laxf/df k|jrg ubf{ eg]sf lyP . dflg;nfO{ cfkm"lt/ cfslif{t ug]{ a'4sf cfkm\g} tl/sf lyP . tL tl/sf x'g– ts{, g}lts lzIff, bof, k]|d / s?0ff . k]|dsf] zlQmaf6 k|fKt ul/Psf] ljho g} l6sfp x'G5 eGg] a'4df ljZjf; lyof] . cDa]8s/n] ;fDojfbL dfS;{jfbL / a'4aLr d"n cGt/ b]vfpFb} eg]– a'4n] lx+;fsf] af6f] ckgfpFb}gg\ . t/ ;fDojfbLsf lglDt lx+;fsf] af6f] dfGo x'G5 .

8f= cDa]8s/sf] dfGotf lyof]– O;fO{ wd{sf () k|ltzt s'/f ;f/sf] ¿kdf af}4 wd{af6 lnOPsf x'g\ . o;/L 8f= cDa]8sn] k|bL3{ lrGtg u/]sf lyP . To;kl5 pgL clGtd lg0f{odf k'u] . o:t} s'/f] Pp6f klqsfdf n]lvPsf] lyof]– 8f=cDa]8s/ s]xL jif{b]lv af}4 wd{sf] 5]pdf pFleP clglZrt l:yltdf /x] . pgn] cGtdf cS6'a/, !(%^ df af}4 wd{sf] bLIff lnP . gfuk'/df Pp6f

ljzfn cfdf ;ef cfof]hgf ul/of] . To; hg–;d'Gb|df pgn] Pp6f dxfg efif0f u/]sf lyP . hgtfnfO{ af{4 wd{df bLlIft x'g] pgsf] Tof] Pp6f dxfg cfXjfg lyof] . o;} t ;g\ !(#^ df g} pgn] ;a} lxGb'x¿nfO{ wd{ kl/jt{g ug'{kg]{ s'/f] u/]sf lyP . Toltv]/ pgn] gofF wd{sf] Tof] lahnfO{ :ki6 ug]{ k|of; u/]sf lyP . pgn] Tof] a]nf g} lxGb' wd{ ckgfpg rfx]sf lyP . Tof] g} jf:tjdf pgsf] aLh lyof] . clxn] pgn] v'n]/ ;a}n] af}4 wd{ ckgfpg] / g}lts l;4fGtdf ;dtfd"ns Joj:yfsf] lgdf{0fsf lglDt cufl8 cfpg] s'/f] u/] .

To;kl5 pgn] vf; u/L b'O{j6f sfd ug'{kg]{ lyof] . Pp6f af}4 wd{ k'ghf{u/0fsf lglDt a[xt\:t/df cleofg ;~rfng ug'{ lyof] . csf]{ Pp6f Jofks, k|ultzLn, j}slNks ;dfh Joj:yf lgdf{0ftkm{ cfkm\gf] zlQm nufpg' . t/ of] bf]xf]/f] sfo{ pgsf] d[To'sf sf/0fn] x'g ;s]g .

8f=cDa]8s/ d7df al;/xg] ljåfg lyPgg\ . pgn] hLjgel/ ;+3if{ ul//x] . pgn] cfkm\gf] ldzgsf] efjgfaf6 k|]l/t eP/ sfd ul//x] . pgsf /rgfx¿sf] cWoog ug'{ h¿/L 5 . t/ o;f] ubf{ pgsf] hLjg ;Gbe{lagf of] cWoog ug{ ;lsb}g . k|f/lDes jif{df pgn] hflt ljifodf Pp6f lgaGw n]v]sf lyP . o;df ;fdflhs l:yltsf] j:t'lgi7 ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;fpyaf/f ;ldltnfO{ a'emfOPsf] 1fkg kqdf pgn] o; ljZn]if0fnfO{ Jofjxfl/s b[li6n] cufl8 a9fP . /, o;df dtflwsf/ tyf k|ltlglwTjsf ;DaGwdf dxŸjk"0f{ ;'emfj lbOPsf] lyof] . pgn] ef/tLo d'b|f ljifodf Pp6f k':ts n]v]sf lyP . o;df hl6n cfly{s / ljQLo dfldnfdf pgsf] ulx/f] k}9 ePsf] b]lvG5 . pgn] k|fGtLo ljwfg d08ndf efif0f u/]sf lyP . tL efif0f cf]h / zlQmn] kl/k"0f{ lyP . pgn] ;fOdg sldzgdf lnlvt / df}lvs b'j} jQmtJo g} pgsf] :jtGq dg tyf ;fdflhs Gofok|lt pgn] b]vfPsf] k|lta4tfsf k|df0f 5g\ . kfls:Tffgsf af/]df n]lvPsf] pgsf] Pp6f k':ts 5 . o;df ef/tsf] cToGt dxŸjk"0f{ ;d:of -lxGb'–d'l:nd ;d:of_ df t6:y / ts{k"0f{ ax;sf] gd"gf xf] . sf+u]|; tyf blnt ju{sf ;DaGwdf pgsf] k':ts v08g– z}nLsf] pbfx/0f xf] .

8f= cDa]8s/sf] Pp6f k':ts 5 . To; k':tssf] gfpF …z"b| sf] x'g\Ú xf] . pgn] o; k':tsdf Pp6f ljjfb:kb :yfkgf u/] . pgn] cfkm\gf s'/f o;/L cl3 ;f5{g– d"n cfo{df tLgj6f j0f{x¿ lyP . z"b| /fhfx¿n] afx'gdfly 3f]/ cTofrf/ u/] tyf pgLx¿nfO{ ckdflgt u/]

. o;n] afx'gn] z"b| /fhfx¿sf] pkgog u/fpg dfg]gg\ . o; ;fdflhs alx:sf/sf sf/0f pgLx¿sf] ;dfhdf tNnf] :t/ x'g uof] / pgLx¿ If]qL :t/af6 tn em/]/ z"b|sf] :t/df cfOk'u] . 8f=cDa]8s/n] cfkm\gf] Pp6f k':ts dxfTdf Hof]ltaf km'n] -;g\ !*%&–!*()_ nfO{ ;dlk{t u/]sf lyP . pgn] ;dk{0f jfSodf o;/L n]v]sf lyP– cfw'lgs ef/tsf dxfgd z"b|nfO{ h;n] lxGb'sf lgDg ju{nfO{ pRr ju{sf] cfkm\gf] u'nfdLsf] cx;f; u/fP / of] pkb]z lbP ls ljb]zL /fhaf6 :jtGqtf k|fKt ug'{sf] ck]Iff ef/tsf lglDt ;fdflhs nf]stGq k|fKt ug'{ Hofbf dxŸjk"0f{ 5 . d}n] 8f= cDa]8s/sf ;a} k':tsx¿ k9]sf] 5' . To;kl5 …PgfOn]zg cfkm sfi6Ú -hflt Joj:yfsf] ljgfz_ g} pgsf] ;j{>]i7 k'l:tsf xf] eGg] s'/f] d}n] a'em] . of] d]/f] cn+sf/L jQmJo dfq xf]Og, of] d]/f] xflb{s ljZjf; xf] . hf] klg ef/tLon] of] rfx]df ls p;sf b]z–aGw'x¿nfO{ Gofo k|fKt xf]; / of] b]z dxfg tyf dha'b agf];\ To;n] c;dfgtfsf] o; ;zQm cf/f]k– kqnfO{ pk]Iff ug{ ;Sb}g . d}n] o; dxfg 3f]if0ff–kq / o;sf n]vk|lt cToGt cfb/k"j{s gtd:ts 5' . of] s?0ffk"l/t dgsf] cfsGbg xf] . o;df j}1flgs ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} o;df st{Josf] cfZjfg klg 5 . ef/tsf] Oltxf;df o; lsl;dsf ;Dk"0f{ ;fdflhs qmflGtsf] cfXjfg o;cl3 slxNo} klg ul/Psf] lyPg . ;+;f/df b'O6f 7"nf qmflGt ePsf 5g\ . k|mfG;sf] /fHo qmflGt / ¿;sf] cS6'a/ qmflGt . oL b'j} qmflGtx¿ lgZro g} dLnsf kTy/ x'g\ . oL b'O{ qmflGtn] ubf{ ljZjsf clwsf+z efudf lgs} kl/jt{g eof] . t/ xfdLsxfF o;sf] Tolt w]/} k|efj k/]g . …PgfOn]zg cfkm sfi6Ú df y'k|f sfo{s|dx¿ 5g\ . ltgnfO{ Jofjxfl/s ¿k lbPlagf o; b]zsf] ;'Kt zlQm k|S6 x'g] 5}g . ef/t tyf ef/tLo ;+:s[ltsf] efUodf g} ljgfz n]lvPsf] 5 . h'g cg'kftdf 8f=cDa]8s/sf] dWo ljrf/ ;fsf/ xf]nfg\ ToxL cg'kftdf of] ljgfz 6g{ ;S5 . xfd|f] b]zdf cfd"n ;fdflhs qmflGtnfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ sltko kf6L{ jf pk–kf6Lx¿ 5g\ . d'VotM lognfO{ b'O{ k|j[lQdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . Ps cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGwaf6 d'Qm ;dfh– qmflGtsf] nf]stflGqs k|0ffnL . /, csf]{ ;fDojfbL ljZjaf6 cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw sfod ul//xg] ;fDojfbL qmflGtsf] k|0ffnL . :jtGqtf k|flKt;Dd oL b'O{ k|0ffnLdf dxfTdf km'n], k}l/of/ /fd :jfdL gfos/ / 8f=cDa]8s/sf ljrf/wf/fsf] ljz]if k|efj k/]g . ;g\ !(%@ sf] cfd r'gfjdf

;dfhjfbL bn, cDa]8s/sf] cg';"lrt hflt ;+3 / hokfn l;+xsf] emf/v08 kf6L{aLr r'gfjL ;Demf}tf ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 j0f{–Joj:yf tyf ju{–Joj:yf;+u ljb|f]x ug]{ oL b'j} ljrf/ k|0ffnLdf w]/yf]/ n]g–b]g ;'? eof] . 8f= /fd dgf]x/ nf]lxof ;dfhjfbL lrGts lyP . pgn] ;fdflhs k|Zgaf/] ;Dk"0f{ ¿kn] ljrf/ u/]sf lyP . ;g\ !(%@ df o; ;DaGwL pgsf ltgj6f efif0f 5g\ . olt a]nfb]lv ;g\ !(^& df pgsf] d[To';Dd nf]lxofhL oL k|Zgsf] ;dfwfg ug{ cTolws k/]zfg lyP . pgn] b]zdf cfd"n kl/jt{g ug{ rfxGy] . o;sf lglDt pgn] ;Kt qmflGtsf] ljrf/ cl3 ;f/] . o; ;Kt qmflGtdf j0f{, hflt pGd"ng, sfnf–uf]/fsf] j+z e]bsf] pGd"ng, dlxnf–k'?if ;dfgtf oL tLgj6f k|d'v s'/f ;dfj]z lyof] . olta]nf 8f= nf]lxofn] 8f=cDa]8s/ tyf /fd :jfdL gfos;+u glhlsg] k|of; u/]sf lyP . t/ s'g} sf/0fjz of] ;xof]u x'g ;s]g . 8f= nf]lxof / 8f= cDa]8s/n] Ps–csf{sf ;flxTo k9]sf lyP jf lyPgg\ o;} eGg ;lsb}g . t/ b'j}aLr sltko ljifodf cfZro{hgs ;dfgtf ePsf] kfOG5 . tyflk nf]lxofhL=== ufGwLhLsf] eQm lyP . o;} sf/0f pgn] cDa]8s/sf] ufGwL å]ifnfO{ dg k/fpFb}gy] . cltjfbL ts{sf] hf]8n] cDa]8s/n] kfls:tfgsf] ;dy{g u/]sf lyP . kfls:tfg ag] klg lxGb' d'l:nd ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g]5}g eGg] ts{ 8f=nf]lxofsf] lyof] . 8f=cDa]8s/n] u/]sf] wd{–kl/jt{g klg 8f=nf]lxofnfO{ 7Ls nfu]sf] lyPg . oL ;a s'/f] k'gh{Gd / sd{jfbsf] hflt Joj:yfsf ;fy s;/L cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGw 5, :jo+ a'4n] klg, ef/tdf hlGdPsf c¿ wd{ h:t} sd{ tyf k'gh{GdnfO{ dfGby] . /, oL b'j}sf] rqmaf6 d'lQm–df]If–lgjf{0fsf] ;fwgaf6 g} x'g ;S5 eGg] pgsf] ljrf/ lyof] . oL ;a s'/f :j+o 8f= cDa]8s/nfO{ yfxf lyof] . o;}n] 8f= cDa]8s/sf] af}4 wd{ hflt wd{ pGd"ngsf] dfu{ xf]Og eGg] 8f=nf]lxofsf] dfGotf lyof] . t/ oL s]xL s'/f 5f]l8lbg] xf] eg] 8f=cDa]8s/ / 8f=nf]lxofsf ljrf/wf/df cfZro{hgs ;dfgtf lyof] . o;df s'g} z+sf 5}g . o; ;dfgtfnfO{ ljrf/ ub}{ blnt / ;j0f{ lxGb'sf k|ultzLn / cu|ufdL o'js–o'jtLx¿n] cfkm\gf] af6f] cfkm}+ agfpg'kb{5 eGg] d]/f] ljgd| ljrf/ JoQm ug{ rfxG5' .

dw'lndo]sf cGo k':tsx¿

lxGbL

1

rf}vDaf /fHo M Ps ¿k/]vf— !(&#, ljho 9f+9lgof, !^, aL–÷##*, n]s uf8{g snsQf–$% -cg'knAw_

2

cfktsfn M ;+j}wflgs clwgfojfbsf] k|z:t ky— !(&%, ;dtf k|sfzg, las]|tf—cIf/ e08f/, %*^ ;bflzj k]7, nIdL /f]8, k'0f]—$!!)#) -pknAw_

3

/fhgLltsf] gofF df]8 M !(*!, k|sfzs– /fh s'df/ h}g -cg'knAw_

4

dfS;{jfb tyf ufGwLjfb M !(*!, kNnjg k|sfzg -cg'knAw_

5

;d:of / ljsNk M !(*@, k|sfzs– /fh s'df/ h}g -cg'knAw_

6

:jtGqtf cfGbf]ng ljrf/f M !(*#, kNnjg k|sfzg -cg'knAw_

7

;+qmd0fsfnLg /fhgLlt M !(*^, k|sfzs– d'Vtf/ clg;, nf]lxof :df/s ;ldlt, !@÷^ 8flnag nvgpm pQ/ k|b]z -pknAw_

ENGLISH Tito's Revolt Against Stalin : 1949;

Chetna Prakashan, Hyderbad (out of print)

Communist Party : Facts Ft Fiction : 1951; Chetna Prakashan, Hyderabad, -d/f7L, lxGbL, pb"{, tfldn, t]nu" cflbdf cg"lbt_ (out of print)

Four‐pillar State : 973;

Published by Janata Weekly

125.00

The New Constitutional Amendments : Death‐Knell of Popular Liberties 1977; Allied Publishers Pvt, Ltd. (Out of print)

1.

Politics after Freedom: 1982

2.

Problems of Indian Foreign Policy: 1984

125.00

3.

The Age of Hope: Phases of the Socialist Movement: 1986 [Atma Ram & Sons, Kashmere Gate, Delhi‐5)

250.00

1.

Prime Movers Role of Individual in History: 1985

200.00

2.

Contemporary Indian Politics: 1987

200.00

3.

Indian National Movement: The Ideological and Socioi‐Economic Dimensions: 1989

300.00

4.

Cabinet Government in India: 1989

‐

5.

Indian Polity at the Cross Road: 1989

[Radiant Publishers, E/155. KaIkaji, New Delhi]

‐

1.

Birth of Non‐Congressism: 1989

295.00

2.

Musings on Current Problems and Past Events: 1989

100.00

3.

Mahatma Gandhi and Jawahar Lal Nehru: A Historic Partnership (Volume I): 1989 Volume II & Ill (under print)

[B. R. Publishers, 29/9, Nangia Park,

Shakti Nagar, Delhi‐110007]

150.00