Mahasagar Se Milanye Ki Shiksha by SADED BOOKS CORNER

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egklkxj ls feyus dh f'k{kk ISBN: 81-86624-13-6

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Hkwfedk ;g fuLladksp dgk tk ldrk gS fd bl le; fgUnh x| esa tks dqN lkQ+&lqFkjs ekFksokys x|dkj gSa] muesa vuqie feJ dk uke mudh Li"V n`f"V] vfopy fu"Bk vkSj vuwBh 'kSyh ds fy, 'kkfey djuk loZFkk lehphu gSA os lkfgR;dkj ugha gSa vkSj mudh fxurh gekjs le; ds fo[;kr i;kZoj.kfonksa esa] vknj ds lkFk] gksrh gSA ij os lk/kkj.k thou dh ?kVUkkvksa] eeZ&izlaxksa vkSj lty vuqHkoksa ls tks nqfu;k gekjs lkeus j[krs gSa] og gekjh gksrs gq, Hkh bruh vuks[kh vkSj vyf{kr yxrh gSA ge vpjt ls Hkj tkrs gSa ;g tkudj fd ;g lc gekjh viuh nqfu;k vkSj le; esa lkekU; :i ls viuh y; esa ?kVrk jgrk gS vkSj vDlj gekjk lkfgR; bldh vuns[kh djrk vk;k gSA fcuk fdlh ukVdh;rk ds] fcuk fdlh my>ko ;k vuko';d tfVyrk ds] vuqie feJ gesa vDlj ogk¡ ys tkrs gSa tgk¡ Hkk"kk igys u x;h gksA lPpk lkfgR; ;gh djrk gS µ blds vykok vkSj dj Hkh D;k ldrk gS\ vuqie feJ dks i<+rs gq, ;g Hkko tkxrk gS fd gekjs le; vkSj lH;rk esa cgqr dqN cjckn ;k gkf'k;s ij Qsad fn;s tkus ds ckotwn fodYi laHko gSaA liuk ns[kus dh gekjh t+:jr vkSj fgEer de gksus dh dksbZ vfuok;Z ck/;rk ugha gSA ,slk x| bruk de gS] bu fnuksa] tks gesa vk'oLr djrk gks fd nqfu;k vc Hkh cnyh tk ldrh gSA vuqie feJ bl vFkZ esa lkekU; iv

vkSj laHko ds vizfre f'kYidkj gSaA mUgsa ml x| dh ijaijk esa vklkuh ls ns[kk&j[kk tk ldrk gS tks fgUnh esa x+Sj&lkfgR;dkjksa tSls jkeeuksgj yksfg;k] jktsUnz ekFkqj] izHkk"k tks'kh vkfn us LFkkfir dh vkSj ftlus gekjs lkfgR; ds ifjlj esa foLrkj fd;k gSâ&#x20AC;&#x2030;% mls vf/kd ekuoh;] fopkj'khy vkSj iz'uokpd] nwljs 'kCnksa esa vf/kd yksdrkaf=kd] cuk;k gSA v'kksd oktis;h

egklkxj ls feyus dh f'k{kk igys nks 'kCn vius ckjs esaA

fQj nks 'kCn vkt ds bl HkO; vkSj iquhr lekjksg ds ckjs esaA vkSj fQj nks 'kCn gekjs vklikl cu xbZ] [kM+h gks jgh ,d ubZ&lh nqfu;k ds ckjs esaA bl nqfu;k ls rks u rks ge Bhd ls tqM+ ik jgs gSa vkSj u blls iwjh rjg vyx gks ikrs gSaA ge f=k'kadq dh rjg vèkj esa yVds jg tkrs gSaA vèkj dh ;g vVdu gesa cgqr lkyrh gS] rax djrh jgrh gSA blfy, bls Hkh FkksM+k le>us dh dksf'k'k djsaxsA rks bl rjg nks&nks vkSj nksµ dqy Ng 'kCn gh rks gksaxsA ij gksaxs dqN gtkj 'kCn! ;g dSlk tksM+ gS\ ;g dSlk xf.kr gS\ ;g xf.kr FkksM+h&lh ubZ i<+kbZ i<+ x, lalkj dk xf.kr gS vkSj mls ;g xf.kr [kwc Hkkrk gS] ilan vkrk gSA og vius NksVs&NksVs izk;% vksNs&vksNs dkeksa dk c[kku [kwc tksj&'kksj ls djrk gS vkSj viuh NksVh&lh nqfu;k ds vykok tks ,d cgqr cM+k lalkj gS] mlds cM+s&cM+s dkeksa dks ,d rks tksM+rk rd ugha] tksM+s Hkh rks tksM+ dk ifj.kke cgqr de djds vkadrk gSA ;g xf.kr xkaèkhth dks tjk Hkh ilan ugha FkkA rks igys nks 'kCn vius ckjs esaA og Hkh blfy, ugha fd eq>s viuk dqN c[kku c<+k&p<+kdj djuk gSA ,dne lkèkkj.k thouA u rks vkt dh vkèkqfud i<+kbZ i<+h vkSj u cqfu;knh rkyhe ls dqN lh[kus&le>us dk ekSdk feykA ekewyh&lh mikfèk] fMxzhA og Hkh lkèkkj.k ls uacjksa okyhA bruh ekewyh fd mls nh{kkar lekjksg esa tkdj ysus dh Hkh fgEer ugha gqbZA og mlh fo'ofo|ky; esa dgha lqjf{kr j[kh gksxh ;k D;k irk vc rd dwM+s esa] iLrh esa] jíh esa csp nh gksxhA 1

vc nks 'kCn vkids bl iquhr lekjksg ds ckjs esaA vkt dk ;g mRlo vkids thou dk ,d u;k eksM+ gSA nh{kkar ;kuh nh{kk dk varA ysfdu esjk fouez fuosnu gS fd okLro esa vkt ls vkidh nh{kk dk izkjaHk gksus tk jgk gSA blfy, bl nh{kkar lekjksg dks vc nh{kkjaHk lekjksg ekusaA xqtjkrh esa bldk uke cgqr vPNk gSµ inohnkuA oSls ns[kk tk, rks vkidks ;g inoh nku esa ugha fey jghA bls rks vkius vius Je ls] ckSf)d Je ls vftZr fd;k gSA ij eSa inohnku dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ ugha ys jgkA mldk ,d vFkZ ;g Hkh gS fd tks inoh vkius vftZr dh gS] vc vkt ;gk¡ ls ckgj fudyus ij inoh dk vki lekt esa nku djsaA ;kuh tks Kku vkius vftZr fd;k gS] vc mls vki lekt esa muds chp ck¡Vus fudysa] tks dbZ dkj.kksa ls ,slk Kku vftZr ugha dj ldrs FksA ;g Kku vkids fy, ,slk jkejru cu tkuk pkfg, fd ftldk ftruk mi;ksx vki djsaxs] og mruk gh c<+rk tk,] dHkh dgha Hkh de u gksA fo|kihB dh LFkkiuk ds le; lu~ 1920 esa xkaèkhth us ;gha ij tks igyk Hkk"k.k fn;k Fkk] mlesa mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd bldh LFkkiuk dk gsrq dsoy fo|knku ugha gS] fo|k nsuk ugha gSA fo|kFkhZ ds fy, xqtkjs dk lkèku tqVkuk Hkh ,d mís'; gSA bl okD; dks iwjk djrs gh mUgksaus vkxs ds okD; esa dgk Fkk fd blds fy, eSa tc bl fo|kihB dh rqyuk nwljh f'k{k.k laLFkkvksa ls djrk gw¡ rks eSa pdjk tkrk gw¡A mUgksaus bl fo|kihB dh rqyuk ml le; ds cM+s ekus x,] cM+s crk, x, nwljs fo|ky;ksa ls djrs gq, ,d fHké vFkZ esa bls v.kq&fo|ky;] ,d y?kq] ;kuh NksVk&lk fo|ky; dgk FkkA ;gka ds eqdkcys nwljh laLFkkvksa esa b±V&iRFkj] pwuk dgha T;knk yxk Fkkµ ,slk Hkh rc xkaèkhth us dgk FkkA ysfdu bl ekSds ij ge ;g nqgjk ysa fd v.kq fn[krk NksVk&lk gh gS] ij mlds Hkhrj rkdr rks vikj gksrh gSA ysfdu vHkh ml v.kq dh 'kfDr vkSj b±V&iRFkj] pwus dh ckr ;gha NksM+saA okil ykSVsa xqtkjs ds lkèku ijA rc xkaèkhth pdjk x, FksA vkt gksrs rks os u tkus fdruk T;knk pdjk tkrsA vkt rks blh 'kgj esa ,slh vusd f'k{k.k laLFkk,a gSa] ftuesa inohnku ls igys gh] mikfèk gkFk esa vkus ls igys 2

gh 2&5 yk[k #i;s dh ixkj gj eghus fey ldsµ ,slh ukSdjh mu Nk=kksa dh xksn esa Mky nh tkrh gSA ,slh oSHko'kkyh ukSdfj;ksa dh rjQ ykyp Hkjh fuxkg ls ns[ksaxs] vkSj irk pysxk fd oSlh ixkj rks gesa feyus okyh ugha rks gesa fujk'kk gks ldrh gSA ,d vk'kadk ;g Hkh gS fd ;s vaxwj gesa ^[kês* yxsaA ij ,d rhljk jkLrk gSA oSlh ukSdfj;ksa vkSj mlls tqM+s ,d NksVs&ls lalkj dk iwjs foosd ds lkFk fo'ys"k.k djsa] vPNh rjg ls mldh iM+rky djsa rks geesa lcdks u lgh] dqN dks rks ;g yxsxk gh fd ;g lqugjk&lk fn[kus okyk jkLrk t:jh ugha fd gesa [kwc lq[k vkSj [kwc larks"k dh rjQ ys tk,A ;g jkLrk if'pe ds ns'kksa] vehj eku fy, x, ftu ns'kksa ds ftl feêh] iRFkj vkSj Mkej ls cuk gS] mldh etcwrh dh dksbZ iDdh xkjaVh ugha gSA fiNys nks&ikap o"kks± esa vki lcus ns[kk gh gS fd le`f) dh lcls vkd"kZd ped fn[kkus okys vesfjdk tSls ns'k Hkh Hk;kud eanh ds f'kdkj gq, gSa vkSj ogka Hkh bl vFkZO;oLFkk us xtc dh rckgh epkbZ gSA vesfjdk ds ckn xzhl] Lisu Hkh Hk;kud eanh esa Mwcs gSaA mèkkjh dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa Mwcs bu lHkh ns'kksa dks rkjus ds fy, fdQk;r dh ykbQ tSdsV ugha Qsadh xbZ gSA mUgsa rks fo'o cSad] varjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k tSls cM+s egktuksa us vkSj mèkkj nsdj cpkuk pkgk gSA ge lc izk;% ;gka lkèkkj.k ?kjksa ls gh vkrs gSaA gekjs eka&firk us cM+h eqf'dy ls dqN iSls cpk, gksaxs] rkfd ge i<+&fy[k dj dqN cu tk,a vkSj muds daèkksa ij tks ?kj dk cM+k Hkkj fVdk gS] mls FkksM+k gh lgh gYdk djsaA blfy, ;gka ls fudy dj dksbZ Bhd ukSdjh feys rks vPNk gh gksxkA ij eSa vki lcls ,d NksVk&lk fuosnu d:axk] bl fo"k; esaA fgUnh esa vkSj xqtjkrh esa Hkh nks 'kCn gSaµ ,d ukSdjh nwljk 'kCn gS pkdjhA ukSdjh dhft, vki thfodk ds fy,A tks Hkh dke djsa mlesa viuk eu ,slk maMsy nsa fd og dke vkidk [kqn dk dke cu tk,µ fdlh nwljs ds fy, fd;k tkus okyk dke ugha cusA ukSdjh esa pkdjh dk Hkko ftruk lèk ldsxk vkils] mruk vkuan vkus yxsxk vkSj rc vki mls dsoy iSls ds rjktw ij rksyus ds cnys larks"k ds rjktw ij rksyus yxsaxsµ ;g lkèkuk 3

FkksM+h&lh vkxs c<+h ugha fd fQj vkidks bl rjktw dh Hkh t:jr ugha jg tk,xhA vki rksyus okys lkjs ck¡V Hkh Qsad nsaxsA fo|kihB cuh lu~ 1920 esaA bl rjg ;g vkt gesa dkQh iqjkuh yxsxhA ij ns'k esa nks vkSj iqjkuh fo|kihBksa dk eSa dqN mYys[k vkids lkeus djuk pkgwaxkA mudh mej ns[ksaxs rks ;g fo|kihB ,dne rkth] vkt dh yxsxhA gekjs crk, x, lqugjs bfrgkl esa ,d fo|kihB Fkh ukyank vkSj nwljh Fkh r{kf'kykA laLÑr ds fo}ku buds ukeksa dk tks Hkh vFkZ fudkysa] os tkusaA ij bu fo|kihBksa ds vklikl jgus okyksa us buds ukeksa dks vius fglkc ls ljy dj j[kk Fkkµ uk&vye&nk µ ;kuh de er nsukA Kku de er nsukA ge rqEgkjh bl fo|kihB ukyank esa vk, gSa rks gesa [kwc T;knk ls T;knk Kku nsukA nwljh fo|kihB dk vFkZ gS r{k ;kuh rjk'kuk] f'kyk ;kuh iRFkj] ;k pêkuA vux<+ iRFkj esa ls ;kuh lkèkkj.k ls fn[kus okys iRFkj esa ls] f'k{kd] vè;kid vius lèks gkFkksa ls] vkStkjksa ls ,d lqanj ewfrZ rjk'k dj fudkysaA ekewyh ls Nk=k dks ,d mi;ksxh] laosnu'khy ukxfjd ds :i esa rjk'k dj mlds ifjokj vkSj lekt dks okil djsaA bu nks ukeksa ds lkFk Nk=k 'kCn dh Hkh ,d O;k[;k ns[ksaµ tks xq# ds nks"kksa dks ,d N=k dh rjg <ad nsµ og gS Nk=kA rks bu ukeksa dk ;g lqanj [ksy dqN gtkj cjl igys pyk Fkk vkSj gesa vkt Hkh dqN izsj.kk ns ldrk gSA ij gesa ;g Hkh ugha Hkwyuk pkfg, fd ukyank vkSj r{kf'kyk tSlh bruh cM+h&cM+h fo|kihB vkt rks [kaMgj cu xbZ gSa vkSj cgqr gqvk rks i;ZVdksa ds dke vkrh gSaA mudh b±V ls b±V ct pqdh gSA rks blls gesa ;g le> vkuk pkfg, fd laLFkk,a] [kkl dj f'k{k.k laLFkk,a dsoy b±V&iRFkj] xkjs] pwus ls ugha curhaA os xq# vkSj Nk=kksa ds lcls vPNs la;ksx ls curh gSa] mlh ls c<+rh gSa vkSj mlh ls fVdrh Hkh gSaA ;g ckjhd la;ksx tc rd ogka cuk jgk] ;s izfl) f'k{k.k laLFkku Hkh pyrs jgsA vki lc tkurs gh gSa fd buesa ls dSls&dSls cM+s uke ml dky esa fudysA dSls&dSls cM+s&cM+s izkè;kid ogka i<+krs Fks] pk.kD; tSlh foHkwfr;ka ogka Fkha] ftudk fy[kk yksx brus lSdM+ksa cjl igys Hkh i<+rs Fks vkSj muds fy[ks os lkjs v{kj vkt Hkh {kj ugha gq, gSa] vkt Hkh feVs ugha gSaA yksx mUgsa vkt 4

Hkh i<+rs gSaA ukyank vkSj r{kf'kyk dks jkT;kJ; Hkh [kwc Fkk] ij og jkt gh ugha cpk rks vkJ; dgka cprkA blfy, vkt ;gka ls mikfèk ysdj lekt esa ckgj fudyrs gq, eu esa vki fdlh rjg dh ghu Hkkouk u vkus nsaA vki cgqr HkkX;'kkyh gSa fd vkidks ,d ,slh fo|kihB esa izos'k dk la;ksx feyk ftls [kqn xkaèkhth us cuk;k Fkk] tks [kqn lu~ 1920 ls viuh vkf[kjh lkal rd blds dqyifr jgs vkSj ftUgksaus ml csgn dfBu nkSj esa ns'k dh vktknh ls ysdj chekj dh lsok rd ds gtkjksa dkeksa dks djrs gq, Hkh bl fo|kihB dk iwjk è;ku j[kkA mUgsa blds Hkfo"; ds ckjs esa cgqr vk'kk FkhA mUgksaus blh vkaxu esa ,d ckj dgk Fkk fd ßeSa [kqn rks cw<+k gwa] idk gqvk iÙkk gwaA nwljs dkeksa esa Qalk gqvk gwaA esjs tSlk idk gqvk iÙkk vxj >M+ tk, rks mlls ¼bl½ isM+ dks dksbZ vkap ugha vk,xhA vkpk;Z vkSj vè;kid Hkh blh isM+ ds iÙks gh gSa] gkykafd os vHkh dksey] eqyk;e gSaA dqN le; ckn os Hkh ids iÙks cudj 'kk;n >M+ tk,axsA ysfdu fo|kFkhZ bl lqanj isM+ dh Mkfy;ka gSa vkSj bu Mkfy;ksa ls Hkfo"; esa vkpk;Z vkSj vè;kidksa ds :i esa iÙks QwVus okys gSaAÞ ns'k dh lHkh mPp f'k{k.k laLFkkvksa esa fu;fer i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ ds vykok 'kksèk dk dke Hkh pyrk gSA ;gka Hkh 'kksèk gksrk gh gSA eSa vki lcds chp ,d rjg ls igyh ckj gh vk;k gwa] blfy, ;gka 'kksèk dh O;oLFkk ds ckjs esa Bhd&Bhd tkudkjh ugha gS eq>sA fQj Hkh cgqr Mjrs&Mjrs] cgqr ladksp ds lkFk ;g fuosnu djuk pkgrk gwa fd 'kksèk esa ;fn J)k dk Hkko ugha tqM+sxk rks og fdruk gh vPNk gks] gesa ,d fMxzh t:j nsxk] ij gekjs lekt dks mlls dqN T;knk ugha feysxkA gj o"kZ ;gka ls gksus okys 'kksèk&vè;;uksa esa ls ,d&nks rks ,sls gksus gh pkfg,] bl ntsZ ds gksus gh pkfg, fd os iwjs ns'k esa viuk >aMk Qgjk nsaA vkf[kj vki fdlh ekewyh fo|kihB ls ugha gSaA blds ihNs oks >aMkA] xkaèkh dk >aMk gS] ftlus ml vaxzst lkezkT; dk >aMk >qdok fn;k Fkk] tgka dHkh lw;kZLr gh ugha gksrk FkkA eq>s ;g crkrs gq, vViVk gh yx jgk gS] vPNk ugha yx jgk fd iwjs ns'k esa xkaèkh fopkj dh 'kksèk esa dksbZ ped] mRlkg] vkuan ugha fn[krkA xkaèkh vè;;u dsanzksa dh la[;k [kwc c<+ xbZ gS vkSj ogka ls 'kksèk dj mikfèk ik, 'kksèkkfFkZ;ksa dh la[;k Hkh [kwc gSµ bu vkadM+ksa ij gesa xoZ Hkh gks ldrk 5

gS] ij D;k ge lpeqp dg ldrs gSa fd ;s 'kksèk] ;s 'kksèkkFkhZ lekt ds dqN dke vk ldsaxs\ xqtjkrh esa ,d 'kCn gSµ csfn;k <ksjA ge ,sls <ksj u cusa] ,sls xèks u cusa] ftldh ihB ij dqN osn j[ks gSaA xkaèkh dk osn cgqr otuh gSA mls fujFkZd ugha <ksuk gSA oSlk djsaxs rks gekjs iSj Hkh yM+[kM+k,axs vkSj nqfu;k Hkh gesa iwNsxh ugha] 'kk;n galsxh gh ge ijA rks xkaèkh fopkj dh 'kksèk rks ,slh gks tks gesa Hkh rkjs vkSj gekjs lekt dks Hkh rkjsA ge nksuksa dks og bl izy; esa ls cpkdj ys tk,A vkt gekjs v[kckj] Vsyhfotu ds lkr fnu&pkSchl ?kaVs pyus okys ,d&nks ugha lkS pSuy veaxydkjh lekpkjksa ls Hkjs iMs+ gSaA rks D;k ge lpeqp ,sls vfu"Vdkjh ;qx ls xqtj jgs gSa\ eq>s rks ,slk ugha yxrkA xkaèkh us fgUn Lojkt esa tSlk dgk Fkk ;g Bhd oSlk gh gSµ ;g rks fdukjs dh eSy gSA chp dh cM+h èkkjk rks lkQ gSA lekt ds ml cM+s fgLls ds ckjs esa xkaèkhth us lkS cjl igys cM+s fo'okl ls dgk Fkk fd ml ij u rks vaxzst jkt djrs gSa vkSj u vki jkt dj ldsaxsA gka vkt og yxkrkj misf{kr j[ks tkus ij 'kk;n FkksM+k VwV x;k gS] ij vHkh Hkh viuh èkqjh ij dk;e gSA rks viuh èkqjh ls u gVs lekt ij gekjh 'kksèk fdruh gS\ ;g gekjh dlkSVh cuuh pkfg,A FkksM+s igys fo|kihB ds o.kZu esa ftu isM+] ifÙk;ksa dk o.kZu gqvk Fkk] ml :id esa tM+ksa dk mYys[k NwV&lk x;k FkkA tM+ksa dh etcwrh ls gh iwjs isM+ dh etcwrh gksrh gSA vc fo|kihB dh tM+sa dgka gksaxh\ dkSu&lh gksaxh\ mÙkj gesa xkaèkhth ls gh fey ldrk gSA ,d ,sls gh Hkk"k.k esa] blh fo|kihB esa cksyrs gq, mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd ßfgUnqLrku dk gjsd ?kj fo|kihB gS] ekrk&firk vkpk;Z gSaAÞ ;g ckr vyx gS fd ?kj us] ekrk&firk us vkt viuh og fof'k"V Hkwfedk [kks nh gSA ysfdu ;gka ls ckgj fudy tc vki viuk u;k ?kj cuk,a rks mlesa bl fopkj dh] fo|kihB ds fopkj dh tM+sa t:j iuius nsaA esjh i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ] tSlk fd eSaus 'kq: esa dgk Fkk] lkèkkj.k&lh gh gqbZ gSA vaxzsth dk vH;kl Hkh T;knk ugha gSA ij ml Hkk"kk dk ,d 'kCn eq>s cgqr Nwrk gS] cgqr gh vkd"kZd yxrk gS% og 'kCn gS fixesfy;uA ;g 6

,d cM+k fofp=k vFkZ fy, gq, gSA ge tks gSa ugha] ij dksbZ I;kj ls dg ns fd rqe rks ;s gks rks gekjk eu gesa oSlk gh cuk nsuk pkgrk gSA bl 'kCn dks 'kh"kZd cukdj vaxzsth ds ,d cgqr gh cM+s ys[kd] cukZM 'kkW us ,d cgqr gh lqanj ukVd fy[kk Fkk vkSj fQj ckn esa gkyhoqM us blh ukVd dks vkèkkj cukdj ,d cgqr gh lqanj fQYe Hkh cukbZ FkhA fQYe dk uke Fkk ^ekbZ Qs;j ysMh* vkSj ukVd dk uke rks fixesfy;u gh FkkA fouksck us blh ls feyrh&tqyrh ,d vkSj cgqr lqanj ckr crkbZ FkhA gesa lHkh crkrs gSa fd ge nwljksa ds igkM+ tSls nks"kksa dks fry dh rjg NksVk cuk dj ns[ksa vkSj vius fry tSls nks"kksa dks igkM+ ftruk cM+k djds ns[ksaA ij fouksck us dgk] ;g lc rks cgqr gks x;kA vc nwljksa ds Hkh xq.k ns[kks vkSj nwljksa ls Hkh vkxs c<+ vius Hkh xq.k ns[kksµ bls mUgksaus xq.kn'kZu uke fn;k gSA ge vius lkfFk;ksa esa xq.k ns[ksa] vius esa Hkh xq.k ns[ksaA tks xq.k ugha Hkh gksaxs] mUgsa Hkh ^ns[ksa* rks os geesa èkhjs&èkhjs vkus Hkh yxsaxsA tc ;g fo|kihB cuh Fkh] rc ge xqyke FksA blfy, dqyifr ds ukrs xkaèkhth tks Hkh Hkk"k.k ;gka nsrs Fks] mlesa izk;% ljdkj ls vlg;ksx dh ckr Hkh djrs gh FksA vkt ge vktkn gSa ij ;g vktknh cM+h fofp=k gSA ge] gekjk lekt bl vktknh dks Bhd ls le> gh ugha ik jgk gSA blfy, vkt tks Kku geus ;gka vftZr fd;k gS] tks fof'k"V mikfèk geus ;gka ls dekbZ gS] mls ;gka ls ckgj fudy lekt esa ckaVus ds dke esa ge yx ldsa rks vPNk gksxkA rc ljdkj ls vlg;ksx Fkk vkt lekt ls lg;ksx dk jkLrk vki cuk,aA ukSdjh t:j djsa ij pkdjh bl lekt dh djsaA bl dfBu le; esa vius xq.kn'kZu djsa] mUgsa c<+k,a vkSj lekt ds xq.kksa dks Hkh ns[kuk izkjaHk djsa µ vufxur xq.k vkidks fn[kus yxsaxsA rc lekt ds gj vax esa vkidks fry&fry xkaèkh fn[kus yxsaxsA mu fryksa dks ,d=k djrs tk,aA ikSjkf.kd fdLlk crkrk gS fd czãkth us l`f"V dh mÙkeksÙke phtksa ls fry&fry tek dj fryksÙkek uked ,d ik=k dh jpuk dh FkhA mlh rjg vki lekt esa ls mÙkeksÙke fry ,d=k dj fryksÙke cusaµ ,slh ge lcdh 'kqHkdkeuk,a gSaA bUgsa Lohdkj djsaA 7

vkt ds bl iquhr volj ij eq>s vki lcus D;k lkspdj cqyk;k gksxkµ eSa Bhd ls tkurk ughaA ;g vknj.kh; ukjk;.kHkkbZ dk] lqn'kZuHkkbZ dk] [khekuhth dk Lusg] vfr'k; mnkjrk gh fn[krh gSA ftl fdlh cM+s mís'; dks è;ku esa j[k vkius cqyk;k Fkk] eq>s ekywe gS fd eSa mls iwjk dj ikus ;ksX; ugha gwaA ,d vPNs Nk=k dh rjg vius N=k ls esjh dfe;ka] voxq.k vki lc <ad dj j[kukA var esa eSa ,d ckj fQj fouksck ds ,d lqanj dFku ls vkt ds bl ikou izlax dks lesVuk pkgwaxkA fouksck dgrs gSa fd ikuh rks fudyrk gS] cgrk gS leqnz esa feyus ds fy,A ij jkLrs esa ,d NksVk&lk xM~<k vk tk,] fey tk, rks og igys mls Hkjrk gSA mls Hkj dj vkxs c<+ lds rks Bhd ugha rks og mrus ls gh larks"k ik ysrk gSA og fdlh ls ,slh f'kdk;r ugha djrk] dHkh ,slk ugha lksprk fd vjs eq>s rks leqnz rd tkus dk ,d egku mís';] ,d egku y{;] ,d egku liuk iwjk djuk FkkA vkSj og egku y{; rks iwjk gks gh ugha ik;k! rks ge cguk 'kq: djsaA thou dh bl ;k=kk esa NksVs&NksVs xM~<s vk,axs] [kwc I;kj ds lkFk mUgsa Hkjrs pysaA mlh dks ;gka ds vPNs f'k{k.k dk ,d mEnk ifj.kke ekusaA bruh fouezrk gesa ;gka dh f'k{kk] fo|kihB ls feyh f'k{kk fl[kk lds rks 'kk;n ge egklkxj rd tkus dh 'kfDr Hkh cVksj ysaxsA 18] vDVwcj nks gtkj X;kjg dks xqtjkr fo|kihB esa fn;k x;k nh{kkar Hkk"k.kA

tMsa+ dqN 'kCn ,sls gSa fd os gekjk ihNk gh ugha NksM+rsA D;k&D;k ugha fd;k

geus mu 'kCnksa ls ihNk NqM+kus ds fy,A rc rks ge xqyke FksA fQj Hkh geus xqykeh dh tathjksa dks rksM+us dh dksf'k'k ds lkFk gh vius dks nqfu;k dh pkyw ifjHkk"kk ds fglkc ls vk/kqfud cukus dk Hkh jkLrk idM+us ds fy, ifjJe 'kq: dj fn;k FkkA vktkn gksus ds ckn rks bl dksf'k'k esa geus ia[k gh yxk fn, FksA geus ia[k [kksys ij 'kk;n vka[ksa ewan yhaA ge pys rsth ls] ij geus fn'kk ugha ns[khA vc ,d yach mM+ku 'kk;n iwjh gks pyh gS vkSj gesa os lc 'kCn ;kn vkus yxs gSa] ftuls ge ihNk NqM+k dj mM+ pys FksA vHkh ge tehu ij mrjs Hkh ugha gSa ysfdu ge rM+ius yxs gSa] viuh tM+ksa dks ryk'kusA ;ksa tM+sa ryk'kuk] tM+ksa dh ;kn vuk;kl vkuk dksbZ cqjh ckr ugha gSA ysfdu bl iz;kl vkSj ;kn ls igys gesa blls feyrs&tqyrs ,d 'kCn dh rjQ Hkh dqN /;ku nsuk gksxkA ;g 'kCn gS% tM+rkA tM+ksa dh rjQ eqM+us ls igys gesa viuh tM+rk dh rjQ Hkh ns[kuk gksxk] >kaduk gksxkA ;g tM+rk vk/kqfud gSA bldh >kadh bruh eksgd gS fd bldk otu <ksuk Hkh gesa ljy yxus yxrk gSA ctk; bls mrkj Qsadus ds] ge bls vkSj T;knk ykn ysrs gSa vius ÅijA tM+rk gVs FkksM+h Hkh rks irk pys fd ckr flQZ tM+ksa dh ugha gSA 'kk;n rus dh gS] Mxkyksa] 'kk[kkvksa] ifÙk;ksa rd dh gSA gekjk dqy thou] lekt ;fn ,d fo'kky o`{k gksrk] mldk ,d Hkkx gksrk] rks tM+ksa ls dVus dk loky Hkh dgka mBrkA viuh tM+ksa ls dVs rus] 'kk[kk,a] ifÙk;ka nks&pkj fnuksa esa eqj>kus yxrh gSaA ij gekjk vk/kqfud fodflr gksrk tk jgk lekt rks viuh tM+ksa ls dV dj bl nkSj esa igys ls Hkh T;knk gjk 9

gks pyk gSA de ls de mls rks ,slk yxrk gSA vkSj fQj og vius bl u, gjsiu ij bruk T;knk brjkrk gS fd vius vkt ds vykok vius dy dks] lHkh phtksa dks og ,dne fiNM+k] nfd;kuwlh eku ysrk gSA dy dh ;g lwph cgqr yach gSA blesa Hkk"kk gS] fopkj gS] ijaijk,a gSa] iks'kkd gS] /keZ gS] deZ Hkh gSA lcls igys Hkk"kk gh ns[ksaA Hkk"kk esa vxj ge fdlh rjg dh vlko/kkuh fn[kkrs gSa rks ge O;ogkj esa Hkh vlko/kku gksus yxrs gSaA Hkk"kk dh ;g ppkZ fganh foyki&feyki dh ugha gSA mnkgj.k ns[ksa % fganh esa mnkj 'kCn cM+s gh mnkÙk vFkZ fy, gSA 'kqHk 'kCn gSA ysfdu bl ubZ O;oLFkk us bl brus cM+s 'kCn dks ,d csgn ?kfV;k dke esa >ksad fn;k gSA bls vkfFkZd O;oLFkk ls tksM+dj vaxzsth ds vuqokn ls ,d u;k 'kCn cuk;k x;k gSµ mnkjhdj.kA tc eu mnkj cu jgk gS] ljdkj mnkj cu jgh gS] vFkZ&O;oLFkk mnkj gks pyh gS rc dkgs dk Mj HkkbZA eu esa dSlk la'k;\ mnkj dk foijhr gS] datwl] Ñi.k] >a>Vh] ladh.kZA rks D;k bl mnkjhdj.k ls igys dh O;oLFkk datwlh dh Fkh\ ladh.kZrk dh Fkh\ og nkSj fdudk Fkk\ og rks lcls vPNs ekus x, usr`Ro dk nkSj Fkk% usg:th] ljnkj iVsy tSls yksxksa dk FkkA tM+ksa dh ryk'k dks futh Lrj ij ysus ls dksbZ O;kogkfjd gy gkFk yxsxk ughaA lekt ds] ns'k ds] dky ds Lrj ij tc lkspsaxs rks tM+ksa dh fpark gesa mnkjhdj.k tSlh izo`fÙk;ksa dh rjQ ys tk,xhA ge muds ckjs esa Bhd ls lkspus yxsaxs vkSj rc ge lpeqp lp ds lkeus [kM+s gks ik,axsA ;fn ge ,slk ugha dj ikrs rks ik,axs fd tM+ksa dh ryk'k Hkh tkjh jgsxh vkSj ge viuh tM+sa [kqn dkVrs Hkh jgsaxsA vius iSj ij dqYgkM+h ekjuk dgkor esa ;g Hkh tksM+k tk ldrk gS fd ge [kqn viuh dqYgkM+h dh /kkj pedk dj] mls vkSj T;knk /kkjnkj cukdj] xk&ctkdj vius iSjksa ij ekjrs jgsaxsA vk/kqfud nkSj esa] viuh tM+ksa ls dV dj geus tks fodkl fd;k] mlds cqjs urhts rks pkjksa rjQ fc[kjs iM+s gSaA LFkwy vFkksaZ esa Hkh vkSj lw{e 10

vFkksaZ esa HkhA <adk gqvk Hkwty] [kqyk cgrk ufn;ksa] rkykcksa dk ikuh vkSj leqnz rd cqjh rjg xank gks pqdk gSA fo'kky leqnzksa esa gekjh ubZ lH;rk us bruk dpjk Qsadk gS fd vc varfj{k ls Vksg ysus okys dSejksa us vesfjdk ds uD'ks cjkcj IykfLVd ds dpjs ds ,d cM+s <sj ds fp=k fy, gSaA ysfdu vHkh bl LFkwy vkSj lw{e ladsrksa dks ;gha NksM+ okil mnkjhdj.k dh rjQ ykSVsaA gekjs chp tks Hkh ubZ O;oLFkk ;k fopkj vkrs gSa] os gj ianzg&chl lkyksa esa viuk eqag fdlh vkSj fn'kk esa eksM+ ysrs gSaA vHkh dqN gh cjl igys rks nqfu;k ds fdlh ,d i{k us gesa ;g ikB i<+k;k fd jk"Vªh;dj.k cgqr Åaph pht gSA geus og ikB rksrs dh rjg i<+k] fQj jV fy;k mlsA vkxs&ihNs ugha lkspk vkSj ns'k esa lc phtksa dk jk"Vªh;dj.k dj fn;kA geus vius [kqn ds rksrksa ls Hkh ugha iwNk fd rqe Hkh dksbZ ikB tkurs gks D;k\ viuh Mky ds Åij cSBs rksrksa dh rjQ ns[kk rd ughaA jk"Vªh;dj.k esa ,slk dqN ugha Fkk fd mlds uhps tks dqN Hkh Mkyk tk,xk] og lc Bhd gks tk,xkA [kwc iz'kalk gqbZ] rkfy;ka cthaA dqN usrk ,dk/k pquko Hkh thr x, gksaxsA fQj blls dke pyk ughaA leL;k,a rks gy gqbZ ugha rks fQj ,d ubZ fn'kk idM+ yhA ljdkj dh lc phtsa futh gkFkksa esa lkSai nsus dk nkSj vk x;kA ij bls cktkjhdj.k ugha dgk x;kA uke j[kk mnkjhdj.kA fdlh us Hkh ;g ugha dgk fd ;g rks m/kkj esa fy;k x;k gy gSA bldk ;fn dksbZ uke gh j[kuk gks rks bls m/kkjhdj.k dgks uA viuh tM+ksa ls dVs bl u, fodkl us cgqr ls peRdkj dj fn[kk, gSaA fuLlansg vkt dqN djksM+ gkFkksa esa eksckby Qksu gSaA yk[kksa dEI;wVj gSa] yksxksa dh Vsfcyksa ij vkSj xksn esa HkhA vc rks gkFk esa Hkh VscySV gSaA bu ek/;eksa ls iwjh nqfu;k esa rks ckrsa gks ldrh gSa ij cxy esa cSBs O;fä ls laokn VwV x;k gSA lkekftd dgs tkus okyk daI;wVj uSVodZ pkgs tc dqN yk[k yksxksa dks dqN gh ?kaVksa esa cSaxyksj] pSUubZ] gSnjkckn ls [knsM+dj mÙkj&iwoZ ds izns'kksa esa tkus etcwj dj nsrk gSA bl fodkl us egkjk"Vª esa vk/kqfud flapkbZ dh ;kstukvksa ij lcls T;knk jkf'k [kpZ dh gSA vkt mlh egkjk"Vª esa lcls cqjk vdky iM+ jgk gSA 11

bl fodkl us cgqr ls yksxksa dks vius gh vkaxu esa ijk;k cuk;k gSA ;g lwph Hkh cgqr cM+h gS vkSj ;g la[;k HkhA vius gh vkaxu esa ijk, curs tk jgs yksxksa dh la[;k ml cgqizpkfjr eksckby Økafr ls de ugha gSA viuh tM+ksa ls tqM+s vufxur yksx fodkl ds uke ij dkV dj Qsad fn, x, gSaA cfy izFkk] uj cfy izFkk dHkh jgh gksxhA vkt rks fodkl dh cfy izFkk gSA dqN yksxksa dks T;knk yksxksa ds dY;k.k] fodkl ds fy, viuh tku nsuh iM+ jgh gSA vkSj ftuds fy, ;s lc gksrk gS] muesa ls u tkus fdrus yksxksa dks vkt ;g u;k thou viuh tM+ksa ls bruk T;knk dkV nsrk gS fd mUgsa thou thus dh dyk lh[kus viuh eagxh ukSdfj;ka NksM+ larksa ds f'kfojksa esa tkuk iM+rk gSA ,d fgLlk xjhch esa viuh tM+ksa ls dV dj foLFkkfir gksrk gS rks nwljk Hkkx viuh vehjh dk cks>k <ksrs gq, yM+[kM+krk fn[krk gSA ,slh fofp=k HkxnM+ esa Qalk lekt viuh tM+ksa dks [kkst ik,xk] muls tqM+ ik,xk] ,slh mEehn j[kuk cM+k dfBu dke gSA ysfdu ;s 'kCn gekjk ihNk vklkuh ls ugha NksM+us okysA tM+sa 'kk;n NwVsaxh ughaA nch jgsaxh feêh ds HkhrjA Bhd gok ikuh feyus ij os fQj ls gjh gks ldsaxh vkSj muesa u, ihds Hkh QwV ldsaxsA gesa vius dks ml {k.k ds fy, cpkdj j[kuk gksxkA

jkt] lekt vkSj ikuh xkaèkh fopkj D;k gS] mldh ckjg[kM+h esa D;k&D;k vkrk gSµ ;g eSa u

rc tkurk Fkk u vkt Hkh dqN dgus yk;d tku ik;k gwaA ij jktLFkku dh pkdjh us eq>s lekt dh ckjg[kM+h ls ifjfpr djk;kA dksbZ 30 cjl ls bl ckjg[kM+h dks lh[k jgk gwa vkSj gj jkst blesa dqN u;k tqM+rk gh pyk tk jgk gSA lekt dh o.kZekyk esa lpeqp vufxur o.kZ] jax gSaA gekjh ubZ f'k{kk dqN ,slh gks xbZ gS fd ge lekt ds mnkl jax ns[krs jg tkrs gSa] dkys jax dks] mlds nks"kksa dks dkslrs jgrs gSa ij mlds mtys pedhys jax ns[k ugha ikrsA lekt dSls pyrk gS] og vius lkjs lnL;ksa dks dSls laxfBr djrk gS] dSls mudk f'k{k.k&izf'k{k.k djrk gS] mu lcdk mi;ksx og dSlh dq'kyrk ls djrk gS] ;g lc eq>s mlds ,d lnL; dh rjg ns[kus&le>us dk ekSdk feykA og fdruh yach ;kstuk cuk dj dke djrk gS] mls Hkh ns[kus dk ekSdk yxkA lekt dk Hkwrdky] orZeku vkSj Hkfo"; ih<+h&nj&ih<+h tqM+rk jgs] lèkrk jgs] l¡Hkyk jgs vkSj Nhtus ds cnys l¡ojrk jgsµ bl lcdk fojkV n'kZu eq>s fo'kky iljs jsfxLrku esa] e#izns'k esa feyk vkSj vkt Hkh feyrk gh pyk tk jgk gSA vkt vkids lkeus eSa bl fo'kky e#Hkwfe esa QSys jsr ds fo'kky lkezkT; dh ,d pqVdh Hkj jsr 'kk;n j[k ikÅ¡A ij eq>s mEehn gS fd bl tjk&lh jsr ds ,d&,d d.k esa vius lekt dh f'k{kk] mldh f'k{k.k&izf'k{k.k ijaijkvksa] mlds fy, cuk, x, lqanj vfyf[kr ikB~;Øe] bls ykxw djus okys fo'kky laxBu dh] dHkh Hkh vlQy u gksus okys mlds ifj.kkeksa dh >yd] ped vkSj Å"ek vkidks feysxhA 13

vkt tgk¡ jsr dk foLrkj gS] ogk¡ dqN yk[k lky igys leqnz FkkA [kkjs ikuh dh fo'kky tyjkf'kA ygjksa ij ygjsaA èkjrh dk] Hkwfe dk ,d fcÙkk VqdM+k Hkh ;gk¡ ugha Fkk] ml le;A ;g fo'kky leqnz dSls yk[kksa cjl igys lw[kuk 'kq: gqvk] fQj dSls gtkjksa cjl rd lw[krk gh pyk x;k vkSj fQj ;g dSls lqanj] lqugjk e#izns'k cu x;k] èkjrh èkksjka jh cu x;kµ bls i<+us&le>us esa vkidks Hkwxksy dh fdrkcksa] izkxSfrgkfld iqLrdksa ds <sj esa gtkjksa iUus iyVus iM+ ldrs gSaA ij bl tfVy HkkSxksfyd ?kVuk dh cM+h gh ljy le> vkidks ;gk¡ ds lekt ds eu esa fey tk,xhA og bl lkjs iziap] izlax dks cl dsoy nks 'kCnksa esa ;kn j[krk gS& ^iyd nfj;ko* ;kuh iyd >idrs gh tks nfj;k] leqnz xk;c gks tk,A yk[kksa cjl dk xq.kk&Hkkx] HktuQy] vufxur 'kwU; okyh la[;k,aµ lc dqN vius CySd cksMZ ls mlus ,d lèks f'k{kd dh rjg MLVj ls feVk dj pkd dk pwjk >kM+ Mkyk vkSj cl dgk ^iyd nfj;ko*A tks lekt bruk ihNs bruh le>nkjh ls >k¡d ldrk gS og mruk gh vkxs vius Hkfo"; esa Hkh ns[k ldrk gSA og mruh gh ljyrk] lgtrk ls fQj dg nsrk gSµ iyd nfj;koA ;kuh iyd >idrs gh ;gk¡ fQj dHkh leqnz vk ldrk gSA èkjrh ds xje gksus] leqnz dk Lrj mBus dh tks fpark vkt ge fo'o ds fo'kky eapksa ij ns[k jgs gSa] mldh ,d NksVh&lh >yd vkidks bl lekt ds uqDdM+ ukVd esa] ukSVadh esa dHkh Hkh] dgha Hkh vkt ls dqN lkS cjl igys Hkh fey ldrh FkhA ;gk¡ dh Hkk"kk esa] u, f'k{kk 'kkL=kh 'kk;n bls Hkk"kk ugha] cksyh dgsaxs rks ml cksyh esa leqnz] nfj;ko ds fy, ,d 'kCn gSµ gkdM+ksA gkdM+ks dk ,d vFkZ vkRek Hkh gSA vkt dh FkksM+h&lh ubZ fdLe dh i<+kbZ i<+ x;k lekt bl bykds dks ikuh ds vHkko dk bykdk ekurk] crkrk gSA ij bl bykds dh vkRek gS gkdM+ks ;kuh ikuhA le; dh vukfn&vuar èkkjk dks {k.k&{k.k esa ns[kus vkSj l`f"V ds fojkV foLrkj dks v.kq esa ij[kus okyh bl iyd us] bl n`f"V us gkdM+ks dks] leqnz dks t:j [kks fn;k ysfdu mlus viuh vkRek esa] eu esa gkdM+ks dh fo'kky ty jkf'k dks d.k&d.k esa] cwanksa esa ns[k fy;kA mlus v[kaM 14

leqnz dks [kaM&[kaM dj vius xk¡o&xk¡o] Bk¡o&Bk¡o QSyk fy;kA izkFkfed 'kkyk dh ikB~;iqLrdksa ls ysdj ns'k ds ;kstuk vk;ksx rd ds dkxtksa esa jktLFkku dh] fo'ks"kdj blds e#izns'k dh Nfo ,d lw[ks] mtM+s vkSj fiNM+s bykds dh gSA Fkkj jsfxLrku dk o.kZu rks dqN ,slk Mkjkouk feysxk fd vkidk dystk gh lw[k tk,A ns'k ds lHkh jkT;ksa esa {ks=kQy ds vkèkkj ij vc ;g lcls cM+k izns'k gS] ysfdu o"kkZ ds okf"kZd vkSlr esa ;g ns'k ds izns'kksa esa vafre gSA o"kkZ dks iqjkus bapksa esa ukisa ;k u, feyhehVjksa esa] lsaVhehVjksa esa] og ;gka lcls de fxjrh gSA ns'k dh vkSlr o"kkZ 110 lsaVhehVj vk¡dh tkrh gSA ml fglkc ls jktLFkku dk vkSlr yxHkx vkèkk gh cSBrk gSµ 60 lsaVhehVjA ysfdu vkSlr crkus okys ;s vk¡dM+s ;gk¡ dk dksbZ Bhd fp=k ugha ns ldrsA jkT; ds ,d Nksj ls nwljs Nksj rd ;g 100 lsaVhehVj ls 15 lsaVhehVj rd vkSj dHkh rks mlls Hkh de gSA Hkwxksy dh fdrkcsa izÑfr dks] o"kkZ dks bl e#LFky esa ,d vR;ar datwl egktu dh rjg ns[krh gSa vkSj bl bykds dks mlds 'kks"k.k dk n;uh; f'kdkj crkrh gSaA jkT; ds iwohZ Hkkx ls if'peh Hkkx rd vkrs&vkrs o"kkZ de ls de gksrh tkrh gSA BsB if'pe ;kuh ckM+esj] tSlyesj rd tkrs&tkrs rks og lwjt dh rjg Mwcus gh yxrh gSA tSlyesj esa o"kkZ dk lkykuk vkadM+k 15 lsaVhehVj gSA ij [kqn tSlyesj dh fxurh ns'k ds lcls cM+s ftys ds :i esa dh tkrh gSA blesa Hkh iwoZ vkSj if'pe gSA tSlyesj dk if'peh Hkkx] ikfdLrku ls lVk fgLlk rks dqN ,slk gS fd ekulwu ds ckny ;gka rd vkrs&vkrs Fkd gh tkrs gSa vkSj dHkh cl 7 lsaVhehVj rks dHkh 3&4 lsaVhehVj ikuh dh gYdh&lh ckSNkj dj fo'kky uhys vkdk'k esa ,d eqV~Bh #bZ ds VqdM+s dh rjg xk;c gks tkrs gSaA bldh rqyuk xksok ls] dksad.k ls ;k fQj ikB~;iqLrdksa ls gh mHkjs ,d vkSj LFkku psjkiwath ls djsa rks ;gk¡ vkadM+k 1000 lsaVhehVj Hkh ikj dj tkrk gSA Ek#Hkwfe esa o"kkZ ugha] lwjt cjlrk gSA vkSlr rkieku 50 fMxzh ij jgrk gSA rks ikuh] o"kkZ cgqr gh de vkSj lwjt [kwc T;knkµ ;s nks ckrsa tgk¡ ,d gks tk,¡ ogk¡ vkt dh i<+kbZ rks gesa ;gh crkrh gS fd thou nwHkj 15

gks tkrk gSA blesa ,d rhljh pht vkSj tksM+ ysa& ;gk¡ T;knkrj fgLlksa esa ikrky ikuh] Hkwty [kkjk gSA ihus yk;d ugha gSA Tkhou dks cgqr gh dfBu cukus okys bu rhu fcanqvksa ls f?kjk ;g jsfxLrku nqfu;k ds vU; jsfxLrkuh bykdksa dh rqyuk esa cgqr gh vyx gSA ;gk¡ muds eqdkcys T;knk clkoV gS vkSj ml clkoV esa lqxaèk Hkh gSA bl lqxaèk dk D;k jgL; gSA jgL; gS ;gk¡ ds lekt esaA e#izns'k ds lekt us izÑfr ls feyus okys brus de ikuh dk] o"kkZ dk dHkh jksuk ugha jks;kA mlus bl lcdks ,d pqukSrh dh rjg fy;k vkSj vius dks Åij ls uhps rd bruk laxfBr fd;k] dqN bl <ax ls [kM+k fd;k fd ikuh dk LoHkko iwjs lekt ds LoHkko esa cgqr gh ljy vkSj rjy <ax ls cgus yxkA ^lkab± bruk nhft,] tkes dqVqac lek;* ds cnys mlus dgk gksxk ^lkab± ftruk nhft,] okes dqVqac lek;A* brus de ikuh esa mlus bruk Bhd izcaèk dj fn[kk;k fd og Hkh I;klk u jgs vkSj lkèkq rks D;k vlkèkq dks Hkh ikuh fey tk,A ikuh dk dke ;gk¡ HkkX; Hkh gS vkSj dÙkZO; HkhA og lpeqp HkkX; gh rks Fkk fd egkHkkjr ;q) lekIr gksus ds ckn JhÑ".k dq#{ks=k ¼gfj;k.kk½ ls vtqZu dks lkFk ysdj okil }kfjdk blh e#izns'k ds jkLrs ykSVs FksA ;g fofp=k fdLlk crkrk gS fd mudk 'kkunkj jFk tSlyesj ls xqtj jgk FkkA tSlyesj ds ikl f=kdwV ioZr ij mUgsa mÙkqax _f"k riL;k djrs feysA JhÑ".k us mUgsa iz.kke fd;kA fQj muds ri ls izlUu gksdj mUgksaus _f"k ls oj ek¡xus dks dgk FkkA mRrqax dk vFkZ gS Å¡pkA ;s _f"k lpeqp Å¡ps fudysA mUgksaus vius fy, dqN ugha ek¡xkA izHkw ls izkFkZuk dh fd ;fn esjs dqN iq.; gSa rks Hkxou oj nsa fd bl e#Hkwfe ij dHkh ty dk vdky u jgsA ^rFkkLrq*] Hkxoku us ojnku ns fn;k FkkA dksbZ vkSj lekt gksrk rks bl ojnku ds ckn gkFk ij gkFk j[k cSB tkrkA lksprk] dgrk fd yks Hkxoku Ñ".k us ojnku ns fn;k gS fd ;gk¡ ikuh dk vdky ugha iM+sxk rks vc gesa D;k fpark] ge dkgs dks dqN djsaA vc rks ogh lc dqN djsxkA Yksfdu e#Hkwfe dk HkkX;oku lekt e#uk;d ¼JhÑ".k dks e#uk;d Hkh dgk tkrk gSA½ ls ojnku ikdj gkFk ij gkFk j[k dj ugha cSBkA mlus 16

vius dks ikuh ds ekeys esa rjg&rjg ls dlkA xk¡o&xk¡o] Bk¡o&Bk¡o] o"kkZ dks jksd ysus dh] lgst ysus dh ,d ls ,d lqanj jhfr;k¡ [kksthaA jhfr ds fy, ;gk¡ ,d iqjkuk 'kCn gS okstA okst ;kuh jpuk] eqfDr vkSj mik; HkhA bl okst ds vFkZ esa foLrkj Hkh gksrk tkrk gSA ge ikrs gSa fd iqjkus iz;ksxksa esa okst dk mi;ksx lkeF;Z] foosd vkSj fQj fouezrk ds vFkZ esa Hkh gksrk FkkA o"kkZ dh cw¡nksa dks lgst ysus dk okst ;kuh foosd Hkh jgk vkSj mlds lkFk gh iwjh fouezrk HkhA blhfy, ;gk¡ lekt us o"kkZ dks bapksa ;k lsaVhehVjksa esa ugha ukikA mlus rks mls cw¡nksa esa ekik gksxkA ikuh de fxjrk gS\ th ughaA ikuh rks djksM+ksa cw¡nksa esa fxjrk gSA fQj ;s c¡wnsa Hkh ekewyh ughaA mlus bUgsa ^jtr cw¡nsa* dgkA mlh <ax ls budks ns[kk vkSj le>kA viuh bl vn~Hkqr le> ls] okst ls mlus bu jtr cw¡nksa dks lgstus dh ,d ,slh HkO; ijaijk cuk yh ftldh èkoy èkkjk bfrgkl ls fudy dj orZeku esa rks cg gh jgh gS] og Hkfo"; esa Hkh cgsxhA bfrgkl] orZeku vkSj Hkfo"; dk è;ku j[kuk] vkt foKku] i;kZoj.k vkfn ds {ks=k esa fodkl dh ubZ 'kCnkoyh esa ,d vkn'kZ dh rjg ns[kk tkrk gSA èkjrh ds lalkèkuksa dk mi;ksx orZeku ih<+h fdl larqyu ls djs fd vkus okyh ihf<+;ksa ds fy, Hkh lkQ gok] ikuh] tehu] [ksrh] [kfut vkSj 'kk;n iSVªksy Hkh mlh rjg feysµ tSls vkt feyrk gSµ ,slh ckr djus] dgus okys cM+s i;kZoj.kfon~ dgykrs gSaA ,slh ckr rks ;gk¡ xk¡o&xk¡o esa u tkus dc ls u flQZ dgh xbZ] ml ij yksxksa us vey dh Hkh yach ijaijk Mky dj fn[kkbZ gSA tehu ij bl vkn'kZ ds vey dh ckr ckn esaA vHkh rks FkksM+k Åij mB vkleku Nwdj ns[ksaA ckny ;gk¡ lcls de vkrs gSaA ij cknyksa ds uke ;gk¡ lcls T;knk feyrs gSaA [kM+h cksyh] vkSj fQj laLÑr ls cjls cknyksa ds uke rks gSa gh ij ;gk¡ dh cksyh esa rks tSls bu ukeksa dh ?kVk gh Nk tkrh gS] >M+h gh yx tkrh gSA vkSj fQj vkids lkeus dksbZ 40 uke cknyksa ds] i;kZ;okph ugha] 40 iDds ukeksa dh lwph Hkh cu ldrh gSA #fd,] cM+h lkoèkkuh ls cukbZ xbZ bl lwph esa dgha Hkh] dHkh Hkh dksbZ Xokyk] pjokgk pkgs tc nks&pkj uke vkSj tksM+ ns ;g Hkh gks ldrk gS! 17

Hkk"kk dh vkSj mlds lkFk&lkFk bl lekt dh o"kkZ lacafèkr vuqHko&lEiUurk bu pkyhl] c;kyhl ukeksa esa pqd ugha tkrhA og bu cknyksa ds izdkj] vkdkj] pky&<ky] LoHkko] bZekunkjh] csbZekuhµ lHkh vkèkkjksa ij vkSj vkxs ds oxhZdj.k djrs pyrk gSA buesa fNrjk, gq, cknyksa ds >qaM esa ls dqN vyx&Fkyx iM+ x;k ,d NksVk&lk ckny Hkh mis{kk dk ik=k ugha gSA mldk Hkh ,d vyx uke vkidks fey tk,xkµ pw[kks! Ek#Hkwfe esa lcls nqyZHk vkSj dfBu dke] o"kkZ dj pqds ckny] ;kuh viuk dÙkZO; iwjk djus ds ckn fdlh NksVh&lh igkM+h ;k jsr ds Vhys ij FkksM+k&lk fVd dj vkjke Qjek jgs ckny dks Hkh lekt iwjh ÑrKrk ls ,d vyx uke nsrk gS% jhaNhA gekjk fgUnh vkSj 'kk;n vaxzsth dk lalkj cjlus okys ikuh dh ek=kk dks nks :iksa esa gh ns[k ikrk gSA ,d gSµ lrg dk ikuh vkSj nwljk gS HkwtyA unh] ukyksa] rkykcksa NksVh&cM+h >hyksa dk ikuh lrg ij gS vkSj fQj blls fjl dj uhps tehu esa mrjk ikuh Hkwty gSA ij e#Hkwfe ds lekt us vius vklikl ls] vius i;kZoj.k ls] Hkwxksy ls tks cqfu;knh rkyhe ikbZ Fkh] mlus ml vkèkkj ij ikuh dk ,d vkSj izdkj [kkst fudkykA mldk uke gSµ jstk.kh ;k jstokuh ikuhA jstk.kh ikuh ge i<+s&fy[ks ekus x, yksxksa dks vklkuh ls ugha fn[kus okykA ge mldk Li'kZ Hkh Bhd ls ugha dj ik,a 'kk;nA ij ;g ogk¡ dh cqfu;knh rkyhe gh gS] ftlus ml lekt dks jstk.kh ikuh dk u flQZ n'kZu djok;k] mls ,dne dfBu bykds esa] pkjksa rjQ [kkjs ikuh ls f?kjs bykds esa ve`r tSlk ihus ;ksX; cuk ysus dh tfVy rduhd Hkh ns nhA ij tfVy rduhd] tfVy Kku fdl dke dk\ lekt us mls cgqr gh ljy cuk dj xk¡o&xk¡o esa Qsad fn;kA mldh ppkZ 'kk;n ckn esa djsaA vHkh rks igys ge ;g ns[ksa fd [kkjs ikuh ls f?kjs] de ikuh ds chp cls gtkjksa xk¡oksa] dLcksa vkSj 'kgjksa esa ikuh dk dke dSls QSyk;k x;kA ,slk dke vkt djuk gks rks ge izk;% D;k djrs gSa\ ,d cM+h laLFkk cukrs gSaA mldk eq[;ky; [kkstrs gSaA fQj 'kk[kk,¡] dsanz] midsanz cukrs gSaA vè;{k pqurs gSa] dk;Zdkfj.kh] lapkyd eaMy cukrs gSaA lSdM+ksa dk;ZdÙkkZvksa dh Hkjrh djrs gSaA bl fo'kky <k¡ps dks pykus ds fy, cM+k ctV tqVkrs 18

gSaA dqN 'kkldh; lzksr ij pyrs gSa rks dqN 'kklu dks vNwr eku dj ns'kh lzksrksa ls èku ykrs gSa rks dqN fons'kh vuqnku ls Hkh ijgst ugha djrsA brus lcds ckn dke gks tk,] ftl mís'; ls laLFkk cukbZ gS] laxBu [kM+k fd;k gS] og gks tk, rks D;k dgukA ij dbZ ckj ;gh ugha gks ikrkA ckdh lc dqN gksrk jgrk gS] gM+rky] rkykcanh rd gksrh jgrh gSA bruk gh ugha dHkh&dHkh gekjs ;s lqanj laxBu vPNs gh yksxkas ds vkilh NksVs&eksVs erHksnksa ds dkj.k VwV tkrs gSa] fc[kj tkrs gSaA Ikj e#Hkwfe dk lekt ,slk [krjk eksy ys gh ugha ldrk FkkA mls rks lcls de ikuh ds bykds esa lcls pqLr] nq#Lr laxBu u flQZ [kM+k djuk Fkk] mlls lkS Vdk dke Hkh fudkyuk FkkA blfy, mlus [kwc cM+k laxBu cuk;k] mldk vkdkj bruk cM+k fd;k fd og fujkdkj gks x;kA fujkdkj ,dne nqfu;k ds pkyw vFkZ esa Hkh vkSj Bhd vkè;kfRed vFkZ esa HkhA ,sls vn~Hkqr fujkdkj laxBu dks mlus u rks jkt dks lkSaik vkSj u vkt dh ubZ Hkk"kk esa fdlh lkoZtfud {ks=k ;k futh {ks=k dks lkSaikA mlus rks bls iqjkuh Hkk"kk ds futh gkFkksa esa ,d èkjksgj dh rjg I;kj] nqykj ls j[k fn;kA ?kj&?kj] xk¡o&xk¡o lc yksxksa us bl <k¡ps dks cks> dh rjg ugha] iwjh ÑrKrk ls flj ekFks ij mBkdj mlds fujkdkj dks lkdkj dj fn;kA iwjk lekt viuk o.kZ] oxZ] izfr"Bk] ifjokj] lc dqN Hkqykdj] lc dqN feVkdj] lc dqN viZ.k dj ikuh ds bl dke esa tqV x;kA ikuh ds dke dh bl fofp=k cqfu;knh rkyhe ij tks lqanj bekjr [kM+h gqbZ gS] tks <k¡pk cuk gS] og fujkdkj gSA blfy, gekjs bl u, lekt us mls fuxqZ.k] vkSj Hkh Li"V dgsa rks fcuk xq.k okyk vkSj Hkh lkQ dgsa rks vusd nks"kksa okyk lekt eku dj vius lalkj ls gVk gh fn;k gSA Yksfdu ;g <k¡pk fujkdkj gksrs gq, Hkh cgqr gh xquh gS] lxq.k gSA ;g ti djus yk;d gSA ;g yksd f'k{k.k dh vn~Hkqr 'kkyk gSA yksd cqf) dh blesa iwjh Å¡pkbZ fn[ksxh vkSj yksd laxzg dh ,d lrr pyus okyh egku xkFkk HkhA ge lcus ,d yacs le; ls yksd 'kfDr dh [kwc ckr dh gSA lkE;okn ls ysdj loksZn; rd us yksd 'kfDr dh [kwc mikluk dh gSA ysfdu geus yksd cqf) dks igpkuk ugha bl nkSj esaA xkaèkhth ds ,d vuU; lkFkh 19

nknk èkekZfèkdkjh fu#ikfèkd ekuo dh izfr"Bk ij cgqr cy nsrs FksA ml fu#ikfèkd ekuo dh izfr"Bk vkidks ;gk¡ ds ikuh ds dke esa fn[ksxhA bl yksd cqf) dks ge ns[kus] le>us yxsa rks gesa 'kk;n fQj jktLFkku ;k e#izns'k dh vyx ls ckr djus dh t:jr ugha cpsxhA ge tgk¡ gSa] ogk¡ mldk n'kZu gksus yxsxkA rc 'kk;n ge vkidks ;g Hkh irk pysxk fd bl ns'k dh orZeku] ijaijkxr ugha] orZeku rduhdh f'k{kk dh uhao esa Hkh vui<+ dgykus okys lekt dk gh izeq[k ;ksxnku jgk gSA blhfy, gekjs ,d NksVs&ls dLcs esa] ¼fdlh cM+s 'kgj esa ugha½ ns'k dk igyk bathfu;fjax dkWyst [kqyk FkkA vkSj mlesa izos'k ikus ds fy, Ldwy dh i<+kbZ dh Hkh dksbZ t:jr ugha Fkh] vaxzsth ds Kku dh Hkh ughaA ;g gekjs ns'k dk igyk ugha] ,f'k;k dk Hkh igyk bathfu;fjax dkWyst FkkA og iwjk fdLlk cgqr&lh ubZ ckrsa crkrk gSA ij og vius&vki esa ,d yack izlax gSA mldh rjQ bruk ladsr dj mls ;gha NksM+ vkxs c<+saA egkRek xkaèkh dh Le`fr esa ,d=k gksrs gq, ge blls csgrj vkSj D;k dj ldrs gSa fd fiNys nkSj esa geus yksd cqf) dks le>us] mldks izfrf"Br djus dk tks lgt jkLrk NksM+ fn;k Fkk] ml ij okil ykSVus dh dksf'k'k djsaA mu ckrksa dks] mu rjhdksa dks] laxBuksa dks foLe`r djuk izkjaHk gks] tks yksd cqf) ds jkLrs tkrs ughaA gekjs cgqr ls dke&dkt] fØ;k&dyki] vDlj vPNh fu;r ls Hkh dh xbZ fpark,a] cukbZ xb± ;kstuk,a cgqr gqvk rks lekt ds ,d cM+s Hkkx dks ^fgrxzkgh* gh ekudj] fgrxzkgh crkdj pyrh gSaA ge mudk dqN m)kj djus vk, gSa] midkj djus vk, gSaµ blls FkksM+k cpsaA dbZ ckj ge bl yksd] tu] turk okyh 'kCnkoyh esa ,sls Q¡l tkrs gSa fd fQj ge foKku esa Hkh tu foKku] yksd foKku dh ckr rks djrs gSa ij izk;% yksd foeq[k [kphZys foKku dk dksbZ lLrk laLdj.k gh ml uke ls [kkst ykrs gSaA ysfdu og Hkh lekt esa oSlk mrj ugha ikrk tSlk ge pkgrs gSaA rc ge mnkl] fujk'k Hkh gksrs gSaA viuh vlQyrk ds fy, mlh lekt dks dkslus yxrs gSa ftls ge cnyus] lqèkkjus fudy iM+s FksA mlus gekjh lquh ugha] ,slk gesa yxus yxrk gSA Tkl<ksy ;gk¡ ,d lqanj 'kCn gSA tl ;kuh ;'k dk <ksyA e#izns'k esa ikuh ds dke ds cgkus ,d tl<ksy u tkus fdrus lSdM+ksa o"kks± ls tksj&tksj 20

ls ct jgk Fkk] ij geus] gekjs bl u, lekt us mldh Fkki] mldk laxhr lquk gh ughaA vkt mldh Loj ygjh] mldh y;] Fkki dk dqN va'k vki rd igqapkus dk iz;Ru dj jgk gw¡A f'k{k.k] izf'k{k.k vkfn lHkh iz;klksa esa v{kj dk egÙo ekuk gh tkrk gSA ;gk¡ ikuh dk tks fo'kky dke QSyk;k x;k] mlesa v{kj Kku dks ,dne fdukjs j[k fn;k x;kA mlls ijgst ugha ij thou Kku vkSj thou f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa mldh vfuok;Zrk ugha Lohdkj dh xbZA v{kj Kku dk ;gk¡ ,d vkSj vFkZ yxk;k x;kµ {kj] u"V u gksus okyk KkuA mudh bl ifjHkk"kk ls ns[ksa cl nks mnkgj.kA buesa ls ,d dk ftØ igys vk;k gS ij vèkwjkA [kkjs ikuh ds chp ve`r tSlk ehBk ikuh nsus dh ,d i)fr dh rjQ dqN ladsr fd;k FkkA jsfxLrku esa dqN [kkl fgLlksa esa izÑfr us jsr dh fo'kky jkf'k ds uhps ,d vkM+h&frjNh iêh Hkh pyk j[kh gSA ;g esV ;k ftIle ls cuh gSA bl {ks=k esa dksbZ 200&300 QqV dh xgjkbZ ij [kwc ikuh gS] ij gS iw.kZ:Ik ls [kkjkA ihus ds dke dk ughaA ysfdu bl ftIle ds dkj.k Åij fxjus okyh FkksM+h&lh Hkh cjlkr jsr esa èkhjs&èkhjs Nudj bl iêh ij Vdjk dj vVd tkrh gS vkSj ,d fo'kky Hkkx esa lrg ls] Hkwfe ls uhps ftIle rd ueh dh rjg QSy tkrh gSA e#izns'k dk fuj{kj ekuk x;k] vui<+ crk;k x;k lekt vkt ls dksbZ gtkj cjl igys jsr ds Vhyksa] jsr ds leqnz esa dksbZ 10 ls 100 QqV uhps py jgh bl iV~Vh dks fpfÌr dj pqdk FkkA dsoy fpfÌr gh ugha] mlus mldk 'kkunkj mi;ksx Hkh [kkst fudkykA mlus bl ftIle dh iV~Vh ds dkj.k jsr esa fNih ueh dks lpeqp fupksM+ dj ehBk ikuh fudky ysus dk ,d csgn isaphnk] tfVy bartke dj fy;k FkkA bu bykdksa esa gekjh vkus&tkus okyh lHkh rjg dh ljdkjksa us V~;wcoSy] gSaMiai vkfn yxokdj bu xk¡oksa dks ikuh nsus dk dke t:j fd;k Fkk] ij ;g rks [kkjk gh FkkA csgn i<+s&fy[ks] fodflr teZuh ds bykds ls cqykbZ xbZ ,d ubZ [kphZyh rduhd ls bu u, ;a=kksa ls fudy jgs [kkjs ikuh dks ehBk cukus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZA bl mBkiVd ds 5&7 o"kks± esa xk¡oksa us viuh i)fr dks NksM+ Hkh fn;k FkkA ij tc ikuh dk [kkjkiu [kRe ugha gqvk] cfYd bruk c<+ x;k fd xk;] cdfj;ksa rd us mls ihuk NksM+ fn;k rks bu bykdksa esa vc fQj 21

èkhjs&èkhjs dqabZ cukus] VwVh&QwVh NksM+ nh xbZ dqabZ;ksa dks fQj ls Bhd djus vkSj vius ne ij fQj ls ehBk ikuh ikus dk bartke okil ykSVus yxk gSA xk;] cdjh] HksM+ksa }kjk ihus ls euk fd;k x;k ikuh nsus dks gh fodkl dk] vkèkqfudrk dk izrhd ekuus okyh dksbZ rhu&pkj ljdkjsa bl chp jkT; esa vkb± vkSj okil Hkh ykSV pqdh gSaA f'k{kk ds vkanksyu Hkh xSj&ljdkjh Lrj ij ;gk¡ pys gSa vkSj vusd lektlsoh laLFkkvksa us Hkh ty psruk dk ukjk yxk;k gSA ij dqabZ dh okilh xk¡o ds ne ij gh gqbZ gS vkSj ,d ckj fQj bl v{kj Kku us] {kj.k u gks ldus okys Kku us] f'k{k.k us] ml fujkdkj laxBu us [kkjs ikuh ds chp ehBk ikuh tqVk;k gSA nwljk fcydqy foy{k.k mnkgj.k tSlyesj {ks=k esa ,d fo'ks"k rjg dh [ksrh ls tqM+k gSA ;g Hkh esV ;kuh ftIle dh iV~Vh ls gh tqM+k vn~Hkqr foKku gSA dgha&dgha ;g iV~Vh tehu dh lrg ds vklikl cgqr gh de xgjkbZ ij Åij mB vkrh gSA rc blesa jsr esa fNih ueh bruh ugha gksrh fd og vPNh ek=kk esa ehBk 'kq) ikuh ns ldsA rks D;k lekt bls ,sls gh NksM+ ns\ ughaA vui<+ ekus x, lekt us bl rjg ds Hkw[kaMksa ij vkt ls dksbZ 600 cjl igys ,d iz;ksx fd;k vkSj ek=k 3 bap dh o"kkZ esa xsgw¡] puk tSlh jch dh Qly mxkus dk uk;kc rjhdk [kkst fudkykA fdlh Hkh vkèkqfud Ñf"k iafMr] fo'ks"kK ls iwNsa fd D;k 3 bap cjlkr esa xsgw¡ iSnk gks ldrk gS\ og bl iz'u dk mÙkj nsus ds cnys iwNus okys dks ikxy gh ekusxkA ,sls fof'k"V Hkw[kaMksa ij lekt us ,d fo'ks"k rjg dh esaM+canh dj bl tjk&lh o"kkZ dks ftIle rd vVdk dj [kMhu uked dherh [ksr dk vkfo"dkj fd;kA mlus bl [ksr esa Ñf"k ds vfo'oluh; dke rks fd, gh] blesa mlus lekt 'kkL=k ds] vkilh ln~Hkko ds] leHkko ds] 'kks"k.k eqDr lekt ds] LokfeÙo foltZu ds] ;kuh fefYd;r feVkus ds Hkh 'kkunkj lcd lh[ks Hkh vkSj fl[kk, HkhA vkt lkewfgd [ksrh ds tks iz;ksx nqfu;k esa Hkkjh Hkjde Økafr;ksa ds ckn] gtkjksa yksxksa dks ekjus ds ckn Hkh lQy ugha gks ik,] mUgsa ;gk¡ ds fouez] ekSu] 'kkar lekt us vius [kMhu ij pqipki dj fn[kk;k gSA Ikzk;% vdky ls f?kjs bu xk¡oksa esa cjlkr Bhd gks tk, rks ,d Qly gksrh gSA cjlkr u gks rks og Hkh gkFk ls tkrh gSA ij [kMhu esa nks Qlysa 22

yh tk ldrh gSaA [kjhQ Hkh] jch HkhA gekjs i<+s&fy[ks lekt dks yxsxk fd ,slk fof'k"V [ksr rks ml {ks=k ds] xk¡o ds lo.kZ Bkdqj] cyoku] lkekftd igyoku ds dCts esa gh jgrk gksxkA ,slk ugha gSA ;g ,d cgqr gh laosnu'khy tfVy lkekftd <k¡ps ij fVdk;k x;k gSA xk¡o esa ;fn izÑfr dh n;k ls [kMhu tSlk [ksr gS rks fQj og xk¡o ds lc ?kjksa dk [ksr gSA lcds lc mlds ekfyd gSaA ;k dgsa fd mldk dksbZ Hkh ekfyd ugha gksrkA ykl uked ,d mUur lkekftd izFkk ls bl [ksr dk lkjk dke pyrk gSA ykl 'kk;n laLÑr ds mYgkl ls cuk gSA blesa lc feydj dke djrs gSaA ;g Jenku ls Hkh dgha Å¡ph pht gSA blesa lkjs dke dks mYgkl ls] vkuan ls tksM+k x;k gSA ykl ds vius xhr gksrs gSa vkSj os Vh-oh-] dSlsV] ,Q-,e-] eksckby ds bl nkSj esa Hkh xk;c ugha gq, gSaA xk¡o ds lkjs ?kj feydj dke djrs gSa] lc ds lcA tkfr&ik¡fr dk dksbZ Hksn ughaA [ksr rS;kj djus ls ysdj cqokbZ] fuankbZ] xqM+kbZ] Qly dkVus rd esa iwjk dk iwjk xk¡o ,d lkFk tqVrk gSA Qly dVus ij mlds mrus gh fgLls gksrs gSa vkSj gj <sj ?kj igq¡p tkrk gSA dksbZ chekj] v'kD;] o`)] efgyk gks] iq#"k gks] mls gj dke ls vyx j[kk tkrk gSA ij izk;% ,sls lnL; Hkh [kMhu ds fdukjs fdlh ccwy ;k [kstM+h ;k tky isM+ dh Nk¡o esa cSBus vk gh tkrs gSaA xkrs gSa] cPpksa dks l¡Hkky ysrs gSaA viax vkSj dksbZ us=kghu Hkh gS] rks Hkh og ykl [ksyus ds fy, bl mRlo dks x¡okuk ugha pkgrkA lcdh esgur] lcdk fgLlkA o.kZ&lo.kZ&nfyr dk ;gk¡ dksbZ Hkh ikB ugha i<+k tkrkA lc ekfyd] lc etnwj] lc mRiknd] lc miHkksDrk] lc f'k{kd] lc f'k"; Hkhµ cl ;gh ikB [kMhu esa i<+k;k tkrk jgk gSA thou dh f'k{kk dk] lekt dh f'k{kk dk] thou thus dh dyk dk ,slk lqanj ikB ge i<+s&fy[kksa us Bhd ls tkuk rd ugha gSA e#Hkwfe esa vusd lkekftd vkanksyu] f'k{kk ds vkanksyu bl lqanj [kMhu dh ikB'kkyk ls fcuk Vdjk, fudy x, gSaA ikuh ds cgkus bl lekt us f'k{k.k ds lpeqp dqN foLej.kh; iz;ksx fd, gSaA ;s nks&ik¡p cjl pyus okys iz;ksx ugha gSaA iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa 23

tSls ugha gSaA ;s rks ik¡p lkS cjl dh yach mej lkspdj cuk, x, gSaA vkèkqfudrk dh vk¡èkh] lekt ls dVh f'k{kk] thou f'k{kk ds bu iz;ksxksa dks iwjh rjg ls m[kkM+ ugha ikbZ gSA fiNys o"kZ blh izfrf"Br O;k[;ku esa baXySaM ls vk, nk'kZfud Jh fØLVksQj foap us vius Hkk"k.k ds var esa dgk Fkk] ßxk¡èkh vkt gksrs rks ns'k ds rsth ls gks jgs ,sls vkfFkZd fodkl ds dbZ igyqvksa ls os [kq'k ugha gksrsA os rks ukxfjd dks mRiknd dh dsanzh; Hkwfedk esa j[kuk pkgrs FksA ;g og Hkwfedk gS tks mldh ekuork vkSj lp dgsa rks mldh vkè;kfRedrk ds egÙoiw.kZ Hkkx dks fu[kkjrh gSAÞ gekjs vui<+ ekus x, lekt us xk¡èkhth dh bl ckr dk [kwc è;ku j[kk vkSj ukxfjd dks miHkksDrk ls igys vkn'kZ mRiknd gh cukus dh ikB'kkyk [kksyh FkhA jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqlaèkku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~ esa tuojh nks gtkj ukS dks fn;k x;k xk¡èkh Le`fr O;k[;kuA

ueZnk ?kkVh% lpeqp dqN ?kfV;k fopkj gR;k ls dqN fnu igys ueZnk lkxj ckaèk dk f'kykU;kl djrs gq, Jherh

bafnjk xkaèkh us dgk Fkk fd os bu cM+s ckaèkksa ds i{k esa ugha gSa] ij fo'ks"kK mUgsa crkrs gSa fd buds fcuk dke pysxk ughaA ysfdu vc dqN fo'ks"kK gh usrkvksa] v[k+ckjksa vkSj yksxksa dks crkus yxs gSa fd bu cM+s ckaèkksa ds fcuk dke T;knk vPNk pysxkA eè;izns'k 'kklu esa flapkbZ lfpo jg pqds ,d iz'kkld us fiNys fnuksa izèkkuea=kh dks ,d i=k fy[kdj ueZnk ?kkVh esa cu jgs cM+s cka/kksaµljnkj ljksoj ¼xqtjkr½ vkSj ueZnk lkxj ¼eè;izns'k½ dh vksNh ;kstukvksa dk C;ksjk fn;k gS vkSj crk;k gS fd bu ckaèkksa ls gksus okys ykHk dk tks nkok fd;k gS og iwjk gksxk ugha] buds dkj.k mtM+us okys yksxksa ls tks oknk fd;k gS og fuHkk;k ugha tk ldsxk vkSj dqy feykdj uqd+lku bruk T;+knk gksxk fd 21oha lnh ds fodkl ds fy, rS;kj dh tk jgh ueZnk ?kkVh dgha chl gt+kj lky ihNs u Bsy nh tk,A xqtjkr] eè;izns'k] egkjk"Vª vkSj ,d gn rd jktLFkku ds fodkl ds fy, cu jgs ;s Hkhedk; ckaèk ,d fd+Le ls v'oesèk ;K ds ?kksM+s gSaA budh yxke Nwus rd dk nqLlkgl fdlh us fd;k ugha FkkA ysfdu ;K dks ysdj rhuksa jkT;ksa ds usrkvksa vkSj fo'ks"kKksa esa Hkkjh erHksn Fks% bl cgl esa dkSu fdruh vkgqfr nsxk vkSj mlds ykHk dk caVokjk fdl vuqikr esa feysxk] 33 cjl chr x,A lu~ 1946 esa 'kq: gqbZ cgl esa rhuksa jkT;ksa ds usrkvksa vkSj fo'ks"kKksa dh nks ihf<+;ka cny xb± ij izÑfr dks vkfFkZd rjkT+kw ij udyh ckaV j[k dj rkSyus dh ut+j ugha cnyhA budh rhljh ih<+h dks Hkh ;gh yxrk jgk fd dec[+r ueZnk gels fcuk iwNs 3454 vjc ?ku ehVj ikuh [kackr dh [kkM+h esa cgk ys tk jgh gSA bl ij cM+s&cM+s ckaèk cuk ysa rks 2500 ls 3300 esxkokV fctyh fey tk,xh vkSj dksbZ 23 yk[k gSDVs;j 25

esa flapkbZ gks tk,xhA ysfdu brus ykHkdkjh ;K dh d+her cgqr FkhA ;gka Mwcus okyh dherh lok yk[k gSDVs;j t+ehu vkSj ou rFkk dksbZ Ms<+ yk[k yksxksa dh ckr ugha gks jghA d+her ;kuh og #i;k tks bl lius dks vkdkj nsrkA mu fnuksa ds lLrs t+ekus esa Hkh ;g dher 600 ls 1000 djksM+ #i;k Fkh tks vkt 'kk;n 3800 djksM+ #i;s ds vklikl >wy jgh gSA >xM+ jgs rhuksa jkT;ksa esa ls fdlh dh Hkh tsc esa bruk #i;k ugha Fkk fd os vius ne ij ;k dsanz dh enn ls ;s ckaèk cuk ikrsA cgqr de yksxksa dks ;kn gksxk fd 1967 esa eè;izns'k ds 31 laln lnL;ksa us bafnjk xkaèkh ls ueZnk ?kkVh ;kstuk dks Hkkjr&lksfo;r O;kikj esa 'kkfey djus dk vkxzg Hkh fd;k FkkA lcls fooknkLin ckaèk ljnkj ljksoj ¼xqtjkr½ dks ysdj lu~ 67 ls 1974 rd eè;izns'k vkSj xqtjkr ljdkj ds chp tks Åytywy c;kuckt+h vkSj >xM+s gq, os vius vki esa ,d NksVs&eksVs egkHkkjr dh ;kn fnykrs gSaA 1969 esa eè;izns'k ds eq[;ea=kh ';kekpj.k 'kqDy us t+ksj&'kksj ls dgk Fkk fd xqtjkr esa ueZnk ij cuus okys ckaèk ls eè;izns'k dh ,d bap t+ehu Hkh Mwc esa ugha vk,xhA ¼ckn esa ;g vkadM+k ,d bap ls c<+dj 27 gt+kj ,dM+ mEnk Ñf"k esa cnyk x;k½ blh nkSjku xqtjkr vkSj eè;izns'k esa vius&vius ckaèkkas dh ÅapkbZ c<+kdj vfèkd fctyh cuk ysus dh tSls gksM+ yx xbZA dsoy fctyh dk cgkuk FkksM+k 'keZukd yx ldrk Fkk] blfy, nksuksa jkT;ksa us vius&vius fdlkuksa ds ^fgrksa* dks Hkh c<+kuk 'kq: dj fn;kA ij bu nksuksa ckaèkksa dh ÅapkbZ ftruh c<+rh] mruh vfèkd dherh t+ehu vkSj ou Hkh mudh Mwc esa vkrs] blfy, ckaèkksa dh ÅapkbZ dk lkjk fookn uhprk dh gn rd mrjrk x;kA yxrk gS dqN iq.;kbZ dekus ds [+;ky ls gh ml le; ;g Hkh tksM+ fn;k x;k fd vxj ckaèk Åapk cuk rks mlesa ,d yach ugj fudky dj jktLFkku tSls ^I;kls* jkT; dks Hkh dqN ikuh ns fn;k tk,xkA rhu jkT;ksa ds eq[;ea=kh vkSj muds vfèkdkjh o bathfu;j vkf[k+j dc rd >xM+rsA lu~ 73 esa lkjk fookn bafnjk xkaèkh dks lkSaik x;kA os gkFk tks bl ns'k dh lkjh leL;kvksa dk gy [kkstus ds fy, yxkrkj et+cwr fd, tkrs jgs] ueZnk ds ekeys esa csgn det+ksj lkfcr gq,A bafnjk xkaèkh gy ugha [kkst ldha rks mUgksaus bl fookn dks lu~ 74 esa ,d iapkV dks lkSai fn;kA ;gka dqN iqjkuh ckrsa ,d ckj fQj nksgjk ysaA lu~ 74 ls cgqr nwj 26

ugha Fkk lu~ 75 dh twu esa yxk vkikr~dkyA lkjs >xM+s lekIr gks x,A iapkV pqipki dke djrh jghA vkikr~dky gVk vkSj dsanz rFkk bu jkT;ksa esa vkbZ turk ikVhZ ljdkjA vkSj dqN gh le; ckn lu~ 79 esa iapkV us viuk Q+Slyk fn;kA lcls fooknkLin ckaèk ljnkj ljksoj dh ÅapkbZ mlus 455 QqV r; dhA rc eè;izns'k esa foi{k dh csap ij cSBh bafnjk dkaxzsl mNydj bu ckaèkksa ij VwV iM+hA iwjs Q+Slys dks jkT; ds fy, vfHk'kki crk;k x;kA ij turk ljdkj pyh gh fdrus fnuA lu~ 80 esa okil 'kklu esa vkrs gh bafnjk ljdkj us vc rd ds vfHk'kki dks ojnku dh rjg Lohdkj fd;k vkSj iapkV ds tks iap mls foi{k dh dqlhZ ls diVh fn[k jgs Fks] os fQj ijes'oj fn[kus yxsA vc bls Hkxoku dh gh Ñik ekuuk gksxk fd lu~ 80 ls vc rd ueZnk&fookn ds jkT;ksa esa vkSj dsanz esa bafnjk dkaxzsl gS] vkSj lkFk gh ;g Hkh fd bu lHkh txgksa esa fojks/kh ny csgn fldqM+k gqvk gS rFkk lcls cM+s egktu fo'o cSad us blds fy, iSlk nsuk eatwj fd;k gSA rhu jkT;ksa ls xqt+jus okyh 1312 fdyksehVj yach ueZnk unh dh ?kkVh ds ^fiNM+siu* dks nwj djus ds fy, dqN mPp fopkj gksa] bUgsa vey esa mrkjus dh egaxh ;kstukvksa dk [k+pZ tqVkus ds fy, fo'o cSad tSlk mnkj egktu gks] lkjs ^VqPps* fooknksa dks fuiVk pqdk iap ijes'oj gks rks Hkyk nsjh fdl ckr dh\ Hkhedk; cka/kksa dks cka/kus ds fy, VsaMj [kqy pqds gSaA ysfdu bl chp dqN ^?kfV;k fopkj* Hkh lkeus vkus yxs gSaA cgl py iM+h gS] bu cM+s cka/kksa ds uqd+lkuksa] i;kZoj.k ij buds vlj vkSj buls mtM+us okys gt+kjksa yksxksa ds Hkfo"; dks ysdjA vc rd ,d lkal esa fxuk, tkrs jgs buds ykHkksa ij Hkh dbZ fo'ks"kKksa us] laLFkkvksa us iz'u fpUg yxkuk 'kq: dj fn;k gSA iapkV ds QSlys ds rqjar ckn igys dkaxzsl vkSj fQj Hkktik }kjk pyk, x, ^fuekM+ cpkvks vkanksyu* ds {kf.kd mQku dk viokn NksM+ nsa rks lu~ 80 ls 85 rd ueZnk ?kkVh esa Nk;k lékVk yxrk gS VwV jgk gSA e?;izns'k ds tks v[k+ckj iapkV ds QSlys ds ckn csgn dêj cudj bu cM+s cka/kksa dk iwjk leFkZu dj jgs Fks vkSj ftl dkj.k mudh izfr;kaµ bu cka/kksa dh Mwc esa vkus okys] d+Lcksa] xkaoksa esa tykbZ xbZ Fkhaµ os v[k+ckj vkt dg jgs gSa fd iapkV ds QSlys esa bu cka/kksa ds i{k esa dbZ eqíksa ij 27

lfoLrkj Li"V er O;ä fd, x, Fks] ysfdu i;kZoj.k dk tks u;k vk;ke fiNys o"kks± esa lkeus vk;k gS og bl ckr dh ekax djrk gS fd bu Åaps cka/kksa dh fQj ls leh{kk gksA ij D;k i;kZoj.k dk eqík lpeqp dksbZ u;k vk;ke gS\ ftl loZxq.k laié iapkV esa ikuh] unh] feêh] flapkbZ] Qlysa] fctyh] HkwxHkZ] Hkwdai] Hkwty ds lSdM+ksa fo'ks"kK Fks] nksuksa jkT;ksa dh turk ds izfrfuf/k usrk Fks] ;kstuk okys tkudkj Fks] ftlds lkeus rc rd ns'k dh nwljh ufn;ksa ij cu pqds cka/kksa ds xq.kksa] voxq.kksa dk iwjk ys[kk&tks[kk Fkkµ mls bl i;kZoj.k uke dh fpfM+;k dk vrk&irk u gksuk cM+h vViVh ckr gSA [k+Sj] dksbZ ckr ughaA fiNys o"kks± esa dbZ rjg dh cnuke ;kstukvksa dk C;kt <ks jgs fo'o cSad us viuk iYyk cpkus ds fy, ,slh reke ;kstukvksa dks iSlk nsus esa igys i;kZoj.k dh lqj{kk dk fMBksuk yxkuk t+:jh le>kA iSlk ikus ds fy, vkrqj ljdkjksa dks Hkh et+cwjh esa ;g djuk iM+kA ueZnk ds cM+s cka/kksa dks ysdj jkT; ljdkjksa us uoacj 84 esa ^i;kZoj.k tkap lfefr* cukbZA igyh cSBd Fkh fnlacj 84 dh rhu rkjh[k+ dksA i;kZoj.k dk lcd lh[kus ds fy, blls Hk;kud dksbZ vkSj fnu u mxsA Hkksiky mlh jkr fodkl dh Hkkjh d+her vnk dj pqdk FkkA ;wfu;u dkckZbM Hkh ueZnk ds cka/kksa dh rjg xjhc vkSj fiNM+s ekus x, izns'k ds fy, vk/kqfud [ksrh dk egku fopkj ysdj vk;k FkkA ,sls fopkjksa ds chp ^?kfV;k* fopkjksa dh txg Hkksiky esa Hkh ugha cu ikbZ FkhA ueZnk ?kkVh rks fQj Hkh ogka ls dkQ+h nwj FkhA ueZnk ?kkVh dks vk/kqfud <ax ls fodflr djus ds mPp fopkjksa ds chp dqN ^?kfV;k* fopkj lu~ 83 esa mHkjus yxs FksA fnYyh dh laLFkk dYio`{k ds nl Nk=kksa us tqykbZ&vxLr esa iwjh ?kkVh dk nkSjk fd;k vkSj 44 iéksa dh ,d jiV cukdj iwNk Fkk fd brus cM+s ckaèkksa dh ;s ;kstuk,a fodkl ds fy, gSa ;k fouk'k ds fy,A vc rd fpf=kr fd;k tk jgk ykHk jiV ds eqrkfcd dksbZ 'kqHk ladsr ugha nsrk Fkk vkSj Lohdkj dh xbZ dqN gkfu;ka ek=kk esa cgqr T;+knk gks ldrh Fkha vkSj fuf'pr gh v'kqHk ladsr nsrh FkhaA fQj ebZ 85 esa yanu dh ,d laLFkk ^lokZboy baVjus'kuy* us xqtjkr esa cu jgs ljnkj ljksoj dh Mwc esa vkus okys vkfnokfl;ksa dk i{k j[krs gq, 28

fo'o cSad dks ;kn fnyk;k fd vkfnokfl;ksa ds iquokZl esa cjrh tk jgh mis{kk cSad dh viuh vkpkj lafgrk ds fo#) tk jgh gSA fQ+ygky det+ksj uk;d ds cnys cyoku [kyuk;d dh vkpkj lafgrk dh ;kn fnykuk 'kk;n T;+knk O;kogkfjd FkkA fQj ueZnk ?kkVh ds fodkl ls tqM+s lcls cM+s vfèkdkjh ueZnk Iykfuax ,tsalh ds vè;{k lq'khypUnz oekZ us ns'k esa igyh ckj mu lc ckrksa dks lkoZtfud cuk;k tks vc rd cus gj ckaèk esa ogka ds yksxksa ij dgj <krh gSa% tku cw> dj Bhd ls losZ ugha gksrk] ckaèk ds ljksoj esa Mwcus okys bykd+ksa dh bZekunkjh ds lkFk tkudkjh ugha nh tkrh] iwjh dksf'k'k dh tkrh gS fd eqvkots+ ds ekeys esa ljdkjsa lLrs esa fuiV tk,a vkfnA oekZ us [kqn cgqr nq[k ds lkFk dgk fd uCcs lky igys lu~ 1894 esa vaxzst+ksa }kjk cuk;k x;k Hkw&vtZu ¼Hkwfe vfèkxzg.k½ dk+uwu ,slh reke ;kstukvksa esa yksxksa dks ywV dj viuk [k+t+kuk Hkjus ds fy, FkkA vkt+knh ds ckn Hkh bl d+kuwu esa tks dqN lqèkkj gqvk] og lc ljdkj ds i{k esa gh Fkk] yksxksa ds i{k esa ughaA oekZ us igyh ckj ljdkjh rkSj ij Lohdkj fd;k fd mÙkj esa Hkk[kM+k ls ysdj nf{k.k esa cus Jh'kSye vkSj iksykoje ckaèkksa ls cs?kj&ckj gq, yksx vkt Hkh nj&nj HkVd jgs gSaA bu ckaèkksa dk ykHk mBkus okyh ljdkjsa vkSj yksx bu ;kstukvksa esa Mwc x, yksxksa dh 'kgknr dks Hkwy pqds gSaA ,slh ;kstukvksa ls dbZ ifjokjksa dks Bxk x;k vkSj os ges'kk ds fy, cckZn gks x,A bu ij vufxur tqYe fd, x, tks vc jks'kuh esa vk jgs gSaA oekZth ds bu ys[kksa dks i<+us ls rks ;gh yxrk gS fd vc rd ckaèk lhesaV daØhV ij ugha] vU;k; dh uhao ij ckaèks x, gSaA mudk dguk gS fd ß;g ijaijk fczfV'k dky ls pyh vk jgh gSA t+kfgj gS fd ftl x+Sj ft+Eesnkjh ls bu elyksa dh rjQ+ ns[kk tkrk Fkk] turk vc mls cnkZ'r ugha djsxhAÞ muds eqag esa ?kh 'kDdj! Mwcus okyksa ds fy, bruh laosnuk j[kus okys oekZ tSls vfèkdkfj;ksa ds jgrs gq, Hkh ueZnk ?kkVh esa caèkus tk jgs ckaèkksa esa ,slk dqN u;k ugha gksrk fn[krk fd ;s ckaèk vU;k; dh uhao ij ugha] dsoy lhesaV dh uhao ij [kM+s gks ldsaxsA bèkj fiNys fnuksa ,sls Hkh ladsr vkus yxs gSa fd uqd+lku ikus okys yksx vkSj bykd+ksa dh rks NksfM+,] ykHk ikus okys {ks=k Hkh ijs'kkuh esa iM+ 29

ldrs gSaA caxykSj ds bafM;u baLVhV~;wV vkWQ+ lkbal dh ,d jiV dk dguk gS fd eè;izns'k esa bu ckaèkksa ls flafpr gksus okys {ks=k dk 40 izfr'kr Hkkx ¼yxHkx ,d yk[k gSDVs;j½ nyny esa Hkh cny ldrk gSA vè;;u ny us bl [k+rjs dks jksdus ds Hkh dqN mik; t+:j crk, gSaA bl jiV ij dkQ+h gYyk epk gSA ysfdu ljdkj dk dguk gS fd blls ?kcjkus dh dksbZ ckr ugha D;ksafd og vè;;u rks [+kqn ljdkj us caxykSj dks lkSaik FkkA yxHkx ;gh rdZ fo'o cSad dk gSA og Hkh dgrk gS fd i;kZoj.k ij iM+us okys izHkkoksa dk ;g vè;;u mldh 'krZ dk ,d fgLlk FkkA blls pkSadus dh t+:jr ugha gSA ysfdu vè;;u dh igy dk Js; ys ysus ls mlesa fNis uqd+lku ds [k+rjs dks Vkyk ugha tk ldrkA ueZnk ds ikuh dks ysdj >xM+rs jgs jkT;ksa dks vc ;g Hkh ekywe iM+ x;k gksxk fd unh esa mruk ikuh ugha cpk gS ftrus dks è;ku esa j[k dj ;s lkjh ;kstuk,a cukbZ xbZ gSaA vuqekfur 280 yk[k ,dM+ Q+qV ds cnys fiNys dqN o"kks± dk vkSlr 230 yk[k ,dM+ Q+qV gSA ikuh dh deh ds dkj.k Åaps ckaèk jhrs jg tk,axsA unh ds iu<ky ¼tykxe½ {ks=kksa esa ,d rks cM+s ckaèkksa ds dkj.k if'peh eè;izns'k dk dksbZ 43]064 gSDVs;j ou Mwcsxk vkSj cpk gqvk iu<ky bruh cqjh rjg ls uaxk fd;k tk pqdk gS fd ;g vc ckaèkksa esa xkn Hkjus dk gh dke djsxkA ;ksa dsUnz ljdkj us fo'o&[kk| laxBu ls vk, ,e ,y nhoku dh vè;{krk esa bu ckaèkksa dks è;ku esa j[k dj ueZnk ds iu<ky dk losZ vkSj mls Hkw{kj.k ls cpkus] ouhdj.k djus ds lq>ko nsus dh lfefr cukbZ FkhA lfefr us dke iwjk fd;kA lq>ko fn;k fd ;fn bu ckaèkksa dh mez c<+kuh gS rks ckaèk cuus ls igys gh iu<ky dks gjk&Hkjk cuk ysuk pkfg,A [k+pZ vk,xk dksbZ 1400 djksM+ #i;kA ij ckaèk okys dgrs gSa fd muds ikl bruk iSlk ugha gSA os ckaèk cuk,axs] ckaèk dh lsgr dk [+;ky dksbZ vkSj j[ksA dqy feykdkj gksxk ;gh fd bldk [+;ky dksbZ ugha j[ksxk vkSj ckaèk cu tk,axsA rc cjlkr ds fnuksa esa ck<+ vk,xh vkSj vius lkFk feêh cgkdj bu ckaèkksa dks HksaV djsxhA èkhjs&èkhjs blls ml fctyh ij Hkh vlj iM+sxk ftls cukus ds fy, ;g lkjk rek'kk [kM+k fd;k tk jgk gSA ysfdu ckaèk okys dksbZ [+krjk ugha ekursA vc rd cuk, x, lHkh ckaèkksa esa lkn Hkjh gS] mudh 30

vuqekfur mez ?kVh gS vkSj blfy, ckaèk cukus okys de mez ds ckaèkksa ds brus vH;Lr gks x, gSa fd fpjatho 'kCn mUgsa iqlkrk ughaA dqN yksxksa dh jk; gS fd bu ckaèkksa dh det+ksfj;ka ;k dfe;ksa dk gy gksxk] tokc gksxkA fQ+ygky mu ckrksa dks lkeus j[kuk pkfg, ftUgsa mUgksaus vuns[kk fd;k gSA ysfdu vkt flapkbZ foHkkx viuh xyfr;ksa ds ckjs esa dSls lksprk gS bldk ,d mnkgj.k gS xqtjkr esa VwVk eksjoh ckaèkA foHkkx ds dqN yksx vkt Hkh iwjh bZekunkjh ls ekurs gSa fd eksjoh ckaèk rduhd ;k izcaèk dh x+yfr;ksa ds dkj.k ugha] "kM~;a=k ds dkj.k VwVk FkkA "kM~;a=k Hkh ekewyh ughaA vesfjdk us vius ,d mixzg ls ladsr Hkst dj bl ij fu'kkuk lkèkk Fkk! ysfdu gekjh ljdkj us bl ij t+ksjnkj fojksèk D;ksa ugha izdV fd;k\ tokc gS fd i;kZIr izek.k ugha tqVk, tk lds FksA vxj ;g lgh gS rks fQj iwNuk pkfg, fd ueZnk ij eksjoh ls lkS xqus cM+s ckaèk D;ksa cuk jgs gksA D;k geus viuh jktuSfrd gSfl;r bruh et+cwr dj yh gS fd dksbZ ns'k vius mixzgksa ls gekjs lkFk fQj ,slk f[kyokM+ ugha dj ik,xk\ [k+Sj xyfr;ksa dh ckr NksM+sa] vuns[kh dks ns[ksaA vuns[kh dh lwph rks cgqr yach gSA lcls Hk;kud leL;k gksxh muko dhA ;g 'kCn vHkh T+;knk ugha pyk gS D;ksafd ;g leL;k Hkh vHkh mruh ugha mBh FkhA muko ;kuh ck<+ ds le; ihNs iyV dj yxkrkj mBus okyk tyLrjA mls ckaèk okys ^cSd okWVj* dgrs gSaA cM+s ckaèkksa ds dkj.k unh dk tyLrj dkQ+h Åij mB tk,xkA rc tc Hkh ck<+ vk,xh] iwj esa cg jgh ueZnk esa tks vla[; lgk;d ufn;ka vkSj ukys feysaxs] mu lcesa ikuh dk Lrj eq[; èkkjk ds c<+rs tyLrj ds dkj.k yxkrkj vius fdukjs rksM+ dj vklikl ds [ksr] ?kj] jkLrksa dks vius esa yisVsxkA vHkh rd ckaèk okyksa us dsoy eq[; èkkjk ds muko dk FkksM+k cgqr vè;;u fd;k gSA ij lHkh tkurs gSa fd ueZnk ?kkVh nksuksa rjQ igkM+ksa ls f?kjh ,d ladjh ?kkVh gSA blesa dne&dne ij feyus okyh lgk;d ufn;ksa ds muko dh dYiuk djrs gq, Hkh Mj yxrk gSA nwljh vuns[kh gS bu Hkhedk; ckaèkksa ds ljksojksa ls bl {ks=k esa Hkwdai vkus dh vk'kadk,aA dqN yksxksa us fiNys fnuksa dks;uk ckaèk ds Hkwdai dks mlds tyk'k; ds nkc ls tksM+k gSA T;ksa&T;ksa ljksoj esa tyLrj c<+rk tkrk gS Hkwdai dh ifjfLFkfr;ka cuus yxrh FkhaA mldk ikuh NksM+rs tkus ls ;s 31

vk'kadk,a Hkh de gksus yxrh gaSA ueZnk ?kkVh esa [kjxksu ds ikl lsaèkok esa fiNys 137 o"kZ esa ikap ckj Hkwdai vk;k gSA dgk tk ldrk gS fd ckaèkksa dks Hkwdai lgus yk;d etcwr cuk;k tk jgk gS ij vklikl dh cfLr;ksa dk D;k gksxk\ fctyh ds ihNs tk jgs ;kstukdkjksa dks vc ;g Hkh irk py x;k gksxk fd ueZnk ?kkVh esa rsy dh Hkh xqatkb'k gSA rsy de fudysxk ;k T+;knk] ;g vHkh rd r; ugha gks ik;k gSA rsy vkSj izkÑfrd xSl vk;ksx us tks dqN ;gka ns[kk&ij[kk gS] ml vkèkkj ij dgk tk ldrk gS fd ;g {ks=k cacbZ ls bZjku tk jgh ,d rsy iêh dh ihB gSA bls ckaèkksa esa Mqcksus ls igys ;g rks tkap ysa fd ge [kksus D;k&D;k tk jgs gSaA ge D;k&D;k [kks jgs gSa ;g tkuuk t+:jh gSA D;ksafd 21oha lnh vk[+kjh eaft+y ugha gSA og ,d iM+ko Hkj gksxhA 22oha lnh Hkh vk,xh] 23oha Hkh vkSj mlds vkxs Hkh lwjt mxsxk vkSj MwcsxkA rc Hkh ekyok] fuekM+] eè;izns'k] xqtjkr vkSj ns'k dks fodkl djuk gksxkA blfy, esgjckuh djds fodkl ds ¼vxj ;g lpeqp fodkl gS rks½ lkjs ekè;eksa ij bUgha 15&20 lkyksa esa dCt+k er dhft,A ueZnk ij ckaèkksa dh dqN ntZu Hkj txgsa vxyh ih<+h ds fy, Hkh lqjf{kr NksM+ nsaA ,slh D;k gk; rkSck gS fd 80 cM+s 300 ea>ksys vkSj 3000 NksVs ckaèk cuk ysus dh lkjh ft+Eesnkjh blh ih<+h ds ukT+kqd daèkksa ij vk xbZ gS\ lkjk taxy ;gh ih<+h dkV ys] Mqcks ns] Hkwfe dk lkjk mitkÅiu ;gh ih<+h [khap ys! fiNyh ihf<+;ka bl ih<+h ds fy, ;g lc NksM+rh vkbZ gSaA ,slk ugha Fkk fd ;s buesa ls T+;knkrj dke dj gh ugha ldrh Fkha] blfy, mUgksaus fd, ughaA ueZnk ds fdukjs dksVs'oj ds ikl ckouxtk rhFkZ gSA tks yksx vkt ls 2031 lky igys iRFkj dh ckou xt+ ;kuh 156 Q+qV Åaph ewfrZ cuk lds os ;gka dh izÑfr dks igys fodkl ds fy, Mqcks Hkh ldrs FksA dksbZ 7000 lky igys ekyok ds iBkj esa vkdj cls yksxksa us f=kiqjh] efg"erh tSls 'kfDr'kkyh jkT;ksa dh uhao j[kh FkhA fpdYnk] >kdM+k] [ksM+] fiiYnk vkfn muds dsanz FksA psfV;ksa] xksaM vkSj gSg; oa'kksa us ueZnk ds lqo.kZ dNkj dh le`f) ls vius jkT; etcwr fd,A ftl [kackr dh [kkM+h esa vkt ueZnk viuk ^lkjk ty cckZn* dj jgh gS] ogh [kackr ml nkSj esa gekjk lcls 32

iqjkuk vkSj fodflr canjxkg FkkA ogka ls vjc] bt+jkby vkSj vÝ+hdk ds lkFk O;kikj gksrk FkkA vkt ueZnk ?kkVh dk bykdk fiNM+k crk fn;k x;k gSA bldk fiNM+kiu nwj djus ds fy, ;s ckaèk dY;k.kdkjh ;K dh rjg izpkfjr fd, tk jgs gSaA bu ;Kksa ds fy, vkgqfr pkfg,A ,sls yksxksa dh igys Hkh deh ugha Fkh tks vius {ks=k dh méfr ds fy, cfynku gks tkrs FksA ueZnk ds cgqr ls bykdksa esa vkt Hkh ^xkrk* feysaxsA fly ds vkdkj ds iRFkjksa ij mdsjh gqbZ ;s ewfrZ;ka mu 'kghnksa dh Le`fr ds fy, gSa tks viuh vkSj vius lekt dh 'kku] vku ds fy, ej feVsA vkt Hkh ^xkrk* ds ikl esys yxrs gSa vkSj gkV ltrs gSaA ysfdu ueZnk ds ckaèkksa esa 'kghn gksus okyksa dh ^xkrk* ugha cusxhA foLFkkfirksa ds lkFk tks vU;k; dh ijaijk vaxzst+ksa ds t+ekus ls dy rd tkjh Fkh mls ,d vdsys lq'khy panz oekZ fdruk cny ik,axs\ foLFkkfir rks HkVdsaxs gh vkSj vxj ykHk ikus okys yksx vuns[kh ckrksa ds dkj.k m[kM+ x, rks\ blfy, dY;k.kdkjh ljdkjsa ;K t+:j djsa ij mrus gh cM+s ftuesa dksbZ pwd gks xbZ rks flQ+Z ljdkj dh maxfy;ka tysa] yksx u tysa] ihf<+;ka u >qylsaA lu méhl lkS lrklh esa fy[kk x;k ys[kA

rSjus okyk lekt Mwc jgk gS mÙkj fcgkj esa vkbZ Hk;kud ck<+ vc vkxs fudy xbZ gSA dqN yksx mls

Hkwy Hkh tk,axsA ysfdu ;kn j[kuk pkfg, fd mÙkj fcgkj ml ck<+ dh eaft+y ugha FkkA og ,d iM+ko Hkj FkkA ck<+ dh 'kq#vkr usiky ls gksrh gS] fQj og mÙkj fcgkj vkrh gSA mlds ckn caxky tkrh gSA vkSj lcls var esa flracj ds var ;k vDVwcj ds izkjaHk esa og ckaXykns'k esa viuh vkf[kjh mifLFkfr trkrs gq, lkxj esa feyrh gSA bl ckj mÙkj fcgkj esa ck<+ us cgqr vfèkd rckgh epkbZA dqN fnu lHkh dk è;ku bldh rjQ x;kA tSlk fd vDlj gksrk gS] gsfydkWIVj vkfn ls nkSjs gq,A fQj vxyh ck<+ rd bls Hkqyk fn;k tkrk gSA Hkwy ugha ikrs gSa os yk[kksa yksx tks ck<+ esa viuk lc dqN [kks cSBrs gSaA bUgsa viuk thou fQj yxHkx 'kwU; ls 'kq: djuk iM+rk gSA ck<+ vfrfFk ugha gSA ;g dHkh vpkud ugha vkrhA nks&pkj fnu dk varj iM+ tk, rks ckr vyx gSA blds vkus dh frfFk;ka fcYdqy r; gSaA ysfdu tc ck<+ vkrh gS rks ge dqN ,slk O;ogkj djrs gSa fd ;g vpkud vkbZ foifÙk gSA blds igys tks rS;kfj;ka djuh pkfg,] os fcYdqy ugha gks ikrh gSaA blfy, vc ck<+ dh ekjd {kerk igys ls vfèkd c<+ pyh gSA igys 'kk;n gekjk lekt fcuk brus cM+s iz'kklu ds ;k fcuk brus cM+s fudEes iz'kklu ds viuk bartke c[kwch djuk tkurk FkkA blfy, ck<+ vkus ij og bruk ijs'kku ugha fn[krk FkkA bl ckj dh ck<+ us mÙkj fcgkj dks dqN vfHk'kIr bykds dh rjg NksM+ fn;k gSA lHkh txg ck<+ ls fuiVus esa vO;oLFkk dh ppkZ gqbZ gSA vO;oLFkk ds dbZ dkj.k Hkh fxuk, x, gSa µ ogka dh vlgk; xjhch vkfnA ysfdu 34

cgqr de yksxksa dks bl ckr dk vankt+ gksxk fd mÙkj fcgkj ,d cgqr gh laiUu VqdM+k jgk gS bl izns'k dkA eqt¶Qjiqj dh yhfp;ka] iwlk <ksyh dh bZ[k] njHkaxk dk 'kkgclar èkku] 'kdjdan] vke] phfu;k dsyk vkSj cknke vkSj ;gha ds dqN bykdksa esa iSnk gksus okyh rackdw] tks iwjs 'kjhj dh ulksa dks fgykdj j[k nsrh gSA flyksr {ks=k dk irys&ls&iryk pwM+k] ftlds ckjs esa dgk tkrk gS fd og ukd dh gok ls mM+ tkrk gS] mlds Lokn dh ppkZ rks vyx gh gSA ogka èkku dh ,slh Hkh fdLesa jgh gSa tks ck<+ ds ikuh ds lkFk&lkFk [ksyrh gqbZ Åij mBrh tkrh Fkha vkSj fQj ck<+ dks fonk dj [kfygku esa vkrh FkhaA fQj fn;kjk ds laiUu [ksrA lqèkh ikBd bl lwph dks u tkus fdruk c<+k ldrs gSaA blesa iVlu vkSj uhy Hkh tksM+ ysa rks vki ^nqfu;k ds lcls cM+s* ;kuh yacs IysVQkWeZ ij vius vki dks [kM+k ik,axsA lksuiqj dk IysVQkWeZA ,slk dgrs gSa fd ;g gekjs ns'k dk lcls cM+k IysVQkWeZ jgk gSA ;g ogka dh laiUure phtksa dks jsy ls <ksdj ns'k ds Hkhrj vkSj ckgj ys tkus ds fy, cuk;k x;k FkkA ,d iwjk laiUu bykdk mÙkj fcgkj vkt n;uh; fLFkfr esa D;ksa iM+ x;k gS\ gesa lkspuk pkfg,A vkt ge bl bykds dh dksbZ fpark ugha dj jgs gSa vkSj mls ,d rjg ls ykpkjh esa NksM+ cSBs gSaA ck<+ vkus ij lcls igyk nks"k rks ge usiky dks nsrs gSaA usiky ,d NksVk&lk ns'k gSA ck<+ ds fy, ge mls dc rd nks"kh Bgjkrs jgsaxs\ dgk tkrk gS fd usiky us ikuh NksM+k] blfy, mÙkj fcgkj cg x;kA ;g ns[kus yk;d ckr gksxh fd usiky fdruk ikuh NksM+rk gSA eksVs rkSj ij ge dg ldrs gSa fd usiky ck<+ dk igyk fgLlk gSA ogka fgeky; dh Åaph pksfV;ksa ij tks ikuh fxjrk gS] mls jksdus dh mlds ikl dksbZ {kerk vkSj lkèku ugha gSA vkSj 'kk;n mls jksdus dh dksbZ O;kogkfjd t:jr Hkh ugha gSA jksdus ls [krjs vkSj Hkh c<+ ldrs gSaA blfy, usiky ij nks"k Fkksiuk can djuk gksxkA ;fn usiky ikuh jksdsxk rks vkt ugha rks dy] gesa vHkh dh ck<+ ls Hkh Hk;adj ck<+ dks >syus dh rS;kjh djds j[kuh iM+sxhA ge lc tkurs gSa fd fgeky; dk ;g fgLlk dPpk gS vkSj blesa fdruh Hkh lkoèkkuh vkSj bZekunkjh ls cuk, x, ckaèk fdlh&u&fdlh rjg ls izÑfr dh fdlh 35

NksVh&lh gypy ls VwV Hkh ldrs gSaA vkSj rc vkt ls dbZ xquk Hk;adj ck<+ gekjs lkeus vk ldrh gSA ;fn usiky dks gh nks"kh Bgjk;k tk, rks de&ls&de fcgkj ds ck<+ fu;a=k.k dk ,d cM+k Hkkx µ iSlksa dk] bathfu;jksa dk] usrkvksa dk vizSy vkSj ebZ esa usiky tkuk pkfg, rkfd ogka ;gka dh ck<+ ls fuiVus ds fy, iq[rk bartkeksa ds ckjs esa ckrphr dh tk ldsA ckrphr fe=kor gks] rduhdh rkSj ij gks vkSj t:jr iM+s rks fQj ebZ esa gh izèkkuea=kh ugha rks izns'k ds eq[;ea=kh gh usiky tk,a vkSj vkxkeh tqykbZ vxLr ;k flracj esa vkus okyh ck<+ ds ckjs esa ppkZ djds ns[ksaA gesa Hkwyuk ugha pkfg, fd ge ck<+ ds jkLrs esa gSaA mÙkj fcgkj ls igys usiky esa Hkh dkQh yksxksa dks ck<+ ds dkj.k tku ls gkFk èkksuk iM+rk gSA fiNys lky usiky esa Hk;adj HkwL[kyu gq, Fks] vkSj rc gesa irk py tkuk pkfg, Fkk fd vxys lky ge ij Hkh cM+k ladV vk,xk] D;ksafd fgeky; ds bl dPps Hkkx esa ftrus HkwL[kyu gq,] mu lcdk eyck ogha dk ogha iM+k Fkk vkSj og bl o"kZ dh cjlkr esa uhps mrj vkus okyk FkkA mÙkj fcgkj dh ifjfLFkfr Hkh vyx ls le>us yk;d gSA ;gka ij fgeky; ls vufxur ufn;ka lhèks mrjrh gSa vkSj muds mrjus dk ,d gh ljy mnkgj.k fn;k tk ldrk gS % tSls ikB'kkyk esa Vhu dh fQlyiV~Vh gksrh gS] mlh rjg ls ;s ufn;ka fgeky; ls cQZ dh fQlyiV~Vh ls èkM+kèkM+ uhps mrjrh gSaA fgeky; ds blh {ks=k esa usiky ds fgLls esa lcls Åaph pksfV;ka gSa vkSj de nwjh r; djds ;s ufn;ka mÙkj Hkkjr esa uhps mrjrh gSaA blfy, bu ufn;ksa dh ikuh dh {kerk] mudk osx] muds lkFk dPps fgeky; ls] f'kokfyd ls vkus okyh feV~Vh vkSj xkn] lkn bruh vfèkd gksrh gS fd mldh rqyuk if'peh fgeky; vkSj mÙkj&iwohZ fgeky; ls ugha dj ldrsA ,d rks og lcls Åapk {ks=k gS] dPpk Hkh gS] fQj Hkza'k ij fVdk gqvk bykdk gSA ;gka HkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkfr;ka ,slh gSa tgka ls fgeky; dk tUe gqvk gSA cgqr de yksxksa dks vankt+ gksxk fd gekjk lekt Hkh Hkw&foKku dks] ^ftvks ekQkZykWth* dks] [kwc vPNh rjg le>rk gSA blh bykds esa X;kjgoha 'krkCnh esa cuk ojkg vorkj dk eafnj Hkh gSA Hkxoku ds ojkg :i ds eafnj fdlh vkSj bykds esa vklkuh ls feyrs ugha gSaA ;g fgLlk 36

dqN djksM+ lky igys fdlh ,d ?kVuk ds dkj.k fgeky; ds :i esa lkeus vk;kA ;gha ls fQj ufn;ksa dk tky fcNkA ;s ljiV nkSM+rh gqbZ vkrh gSa µ lhèkh mrjrh gSaA blls mudh rkdr vkSj c<+ tkrh gSA tc fgeky; cuk] rc dgrs gSa fd mlds rhu iqM+s FksA rhu rgsa FkhaA tSls eè;izns'k ds fgLls esa lriqM+k gS] oSls ;gka rhu iqM+s Fksµ vkarfjd] eè; vkSj ckº;A ckº; fgLlk f'kokfyd lcls detksj ekuk tkrk gSA oSls Hkh Hkwxksy dh ifjHkk"kk esa fgeky; ds fy, dgk tkrk gS fd ;g vjkoyh] foaè; vkSj lriqM+k ds eqdkcys cPpk gSA eghuksa ds ckjg iUus iyVus ls gekjs lHkh rjg ds dSysaMj nhokj ij ls mrj tkrs gSaA ysfdu izÑfr ds dSysaMj esa yk[kksa o"kZ dk ,d iUuk gksrk gSA ml dSysaMj ls ns[ksa rks 'kk;n vjkoyh dh mez uCcs o"kZ gksxh vkSj fgeky;\ vHkh pkj&ikap cjl dk 'kSrku cPpk gSA og vHkh mNyrk&dwnrk gS] [ksyrk&Mksyrk gSA VwV&QwV mlesa cgqr gksrh jgrh gSA vHkh mlesa izkS<+rk ;k o;Ld okyk la;e ugha gSA 'kkar] èkhjt tSls xq.k ugha vk, gSaA blfy, fgeky; dh ;s ufn;ka flQZ ikuh ugha cgkrh gSa] os lkn] feV~Vh] iRFkj vkSj cM+h&cM+h pV~Vkusa Hkh lkFk ykrh gSaA mÙkj fcgkj dk lekt viuh Le`fr esa bu ckrksa dks ntZ dj pqdk FkkA ,d rks papy cPpk fgeky;] fQj dPpk vkSj frl ij Hkwdai okyk {ks=k Hkh µ D;k dlj ckdh jg xbZ gS\ fgeky; ds blh {ks=k ls Hkwdai dh ,d cM+h vkSj izeq[k iV~Vh xqtjrh gSA nwljh iV~Vh bl iV~Vh ls FkksM+s Åij ds Hkkx esa eè; fgeky; esa vkrh gSA lkjk Hkkx yk[kksa cjl igys ds vfLFkj eycs ds <sj ls cuk gS vkSj fQj Hkwdai bls tc pkgs vkSj vfLFkj cuk nsrs gSaA Hkw&foKku crkrk gS fd bl mÙkj fcgkj esa vkSj usiky ds {ks=k esa èkjrh esa leqnz dh rjg ygjsa mBh Fkha vkSj fQj os ,d&nwljs ls Vdjk dj Åij&gh&Åij mBrh pyh xb±A vkSj fQj dqN le; ds fy, fLFkj gks xb±A ;g ^fLFkjrk* rkaMo u`R; dh rjg gSA vkèkqfud foKku dh Hkk"kk esa yk[kksa o"kZ igys ^fe;ksflu* dky esa ?kVh bl ?kVuk dks mÙkjh fcgkj ds lekt us viuh Le`fr esa ojkg vorkj ds :i esa tek fd;k gSA ftl Mwcrh i`Foh dks ojkg us vius FkwFkuksa ls Åij mBk;k Fkk] og vkt Hkh dHkh Hkh dkai tkrh gSA 1934 esa tks Hkwadi vk;k Fkk] mls vHkh Hkh yksx Hkwys ugha gSaA 37

ysfdu ;gka ds lekt us bu lc ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks viuh thou 'kSyh esa] thou n'kZu esa èkhjs&èkhjs vkRelkr fd;k FkkA izÑfr ds bl fojkV :i esa og ,d NksVh&lh cwan dh rjg 'kkfey gqvkA mlesa dksbZ ?keaM ugha FkkA og bl izÑfr ls yM+ ysxk] mls thr ysxk] ,slk ?keaM ugha fd;kA og mldh xksn esa dSls jg ldrk gSµ bldk mlus vH;kl djds j[kk FkkA {k.kHkaxqj lekt us djksM+ksa o"kks± dh bl yhyk esa vius dks izkS<+ cuk fy;k vkSj fQj viuh izkS<+rk dks fgeky; ds yM+diu dh xksn esa Mky fn;k FkkA ysfdu fiNys lkS&Ms<+&lkS lky esa gekjs lekt us ,slh cgqr lkjh phtsa dh gSa] ftuls mldk fouez LoHkko cnyk gS vkSj mlds eu esa FkksM+k ?keaM Hkh vk;k gSA lekt ds eu esa u lgh rks mlds usrkvksa ds] ;kstukdkjksa ds eu esa] vfèkdkfj;ksa] bathfu;jksa ds eu esa ;g ?keaM vk;k gSA lekt us ihf<+;ksa ls] 'krkfCn;ksa ls ;gka fQlyxqaMh dh rjg QqrhZ ls mrjus okyh ufn;ksa ds lkFk thou thus dh dyk lh[kh Fkh] ck<+ ds lkFk c<+us dh dyk lh[kh FkhA mlus vkSj mldh Qlyksa us ck<+ esa Mwcus ds cnys rSjus dh dyk lh[kh FkhA og dyk vkt èkhjs&èkhjs feVrh tk jgh gSA mÙkj fcgkj esa fgeky; ls mrjus okyh ufn;ksa dh la[;k vufxur gSA dksbZ fxurh ugha gS] fQj Hkh dqN yksxksa us mudh fxurh dh gSA vkt yksx ;g ekurs gSa fd ;gka ij bu ufn;ksa us nq[k ds vykok dqN ugha fn;k gSA ij buds uke ns[ksaxs rks buesa ls fdlh Hkh unh ds uke esa] fo'ks"k.k esa nq[k dk dksbZ i;kZ;okph ns[kus dks ugha feysxkA yksxksa us ufn;ksa dks ges'kk dh rjg nsfo;ksa ds :i esa ns[kk gSA ge muds fo'ks"k.k nwljh rjg ls ns[ksa rks muesa vkidks cgqr rjg&rjg ds ,sls 'kCn feysaxs tks ml lekt vkSj ufn;ksa ds fj'rs dks crkrs gSaA dqN uke laLÑr ls gksaxsA dqN xq.kksa ij gksaxs vkSj ,dkèk voxq.kksa ij Hkh gks ldrs gSaA bu ufn;ksa ds fo'ks"k.kksa esa lcls vfèkd la[;k gSµ vkHkw"k.kksa dhA vkSj ;s vkHkw"k.k galqyh] vaxwBh vkSj panzgkj tSls xguksa ds uke ij gSaA ge lHkh tkurs gSa fd ;s vkHkw"k.k xksy vkdkj ds gksrs gSaµ ;kuh ;gka ij ufn;ka mrjrs le; bèkj&mèkj lhèkh cgus ds cnys vkM+h&frjNh] xksy vkdkj esa {ks=k dks ckaèkrh gSaµ xkaoksa dks yisVrh gSa vkSj mu xkaoksa dk vkHkw"k.kksa dh 38

rjg Ük`axkj djrh gSaA mÙkj fcgkj ds dbZ xkao bu ^vkHkw"k.kksa* ls ,sls lts gq, Fks fd fcuk iSj èkks, vki bu xkaoksa esa izos'k ugha dj ldrs FksA buesa jgus okys vkidks xoZ ls crk,axs fd gekjs xkao dh ifo=k èkwy xkao ls ckgj ugha tk ldrh] vkSj vki gekjs xkao esa 'kgj ls viuh ¼'kk;n vifo=k½ èkwy xkao esa yk ugha ldrsA dgha&dgha cgqr O;kogkfjd uke Hkh feysaxsA ,d unh dk uke xksewf=kdk gS µ tSls dksbZ xk; pyrs&pyrs is'kkc djrh gS rks tehu ij vkM+s&frjNs fu'kku iM+ tkrs gSaA bruh vkM+h&frjNh cgus okyh ;g unh gSA blesa ,d&,d unh dk LoHkko ns[kdj yksxksa us bu ufn;ksa dks viuh Le`fr esa j[kk gSA ,d rks bu ufn;ksa dk LoHkko vkSj Åij ls ikuh ds lkFk vkus okyh lkn ds dkj.k ;s viuk jkLrk cnyrh jgrh gSaA dkslh ds ckjs esa dgk tkrk gS fd blus fiNys dqN lkS lky esa 148 fdyksehVj ds {ks=k esa viuh èkkjk cnyh gSA mÙkj fcgkj ds nks ftyksa dh bap Hkj tehu Hkh dkslh us ugha NksM+h gS] tgka ls og cgh u gksA ,slh ufn;ksa dks ge fdlh rjg ds rVcaèk ;k ckaèk ls ckaèk ldrs gSa] ;g dYiuk Hkh djuk vius vki esa fofp=k gSA lekt us bu ufn;ksa dks vfHk'kki dh rjg ugha ns[kkA mlus buds ojnku dks ÑrKrk ls Lohdkj fd;kA mlus ;g ekuk fd bu ufn;ksa us fgeky; dh dherh feêh bl {ks=k ds nyny esa iVd dj cgqr cM+h ek=kk esa [ksrh ;ksX; tehu fudkyh gSA blfy, og bu ufn;ksa dks cgqr vknj ds lkFk ns[krk jgk gSA dgk tkrk gS fd iwjk&dk&iwjk njHkaxk [ksrh ;ksX; gks ldk rks bUgha ufn;ksa }kjk ykbZ xbZ feV~Vh ds dkj.k ghA ysfdu buesa Hkh lekt us mu ufn;ksa dks NkaVk gS] tks vis{kkÑr de lkn okys bykds ls vkrh gSaA ,slh ufn;ksa esa ,d gS & f[kjksnhA dgk tkrk gS fd bldk ukedj.k {khj vFkkZr~ nwèk ls gqvk gS] D;ksafd blesa lkQ ikuh cgrk gSA ,d unh thoN gS] tks 'kk;n thokRek ;k tho bPNk ls cuh gksxhA lksucjlk Hkh gSA bu ufn;ksa ds ukeksa esa xq.kksa dk o.kZu ns[ksaxs rks fdlh esa Hkh ck<+ ls ykpkjh dh >yd ugha feysxhA dbZ txg ykfyR; gS bu ufn;ksa ds LoHkko esaA lqanj dgkuh gS eSfFkyh ds dfo fo|kifr dhA dfo tc vLoLFk gks x, rks mUgksaus vius izk.k unh esa gh NksM+us dk iz.k fd;kA dfo izk.k NksM+us unh dh rjQ py iM+s] exj cgqr vLoLFk 39

gksus ds dkj.k unh fdukjs rd ugha igqap ldsA dqN nwjh ij gh jg x, rks mUgksaus unh ls izkFkZuk dh fd gs eka] esjs lkfgR; esa dksbZ 'kfDr gks] esjs dqN iq.; gksa rks eq>s ys tkvksA dgrs gSa fd unh us mudh izkFkZuk Lohdkj dj yhA viuk jkLrk cny dj dfo rd vkbZ vkSj dfo dks cgk ys xbZA

ufn;ka fogkj djrh gSa] mÙkj fcgkj esaA os [ksyrh gSa] dwnrh gSaA ;g

lkjh txg mudh gS] ;g gS mudk vkaxuA blfy, os dgha Hkh tk,a] mls txg cnyuk ugha ekuk tkrk FkkA mÙkj fcgkj esa lekt dk ,d niZ.k lkfgR; jgk gksxk rks nwljk rjy niZ.k ufn;ka FkhaA bu vla[; ufn;ksa esa ogka dk lekt viuk psgjk ns[krk Fkk vkSj ufn;ksa ds papy LoHkko dks cM+s 'kkar Hkko ls viuh nsg esa] vius eu vkSj vius fopkjksa esa mrkjrk FkkA blfy, dHkh ogka dfo fo|kifr tSls lqanj fdLls curs rks dHkh Qqyijkl tSlh ?kVuk,a jsr esa mdsjh tkrhaA ufn;ksa dh ygjsa jsr esa fy[kh bu ?kVukvksa dks feVkrh ugha Fkha µ gj ygj bUgsa iDds f'kykys[kksa esa cnyrh FkhA ;s f'kykys[k bfrgkl esa feysa u feysa] yksxksa ds eu esa] yksd Le`fr esa feyrs FksA Qqyijkl dk fdLlk ;gka nksgjkus yk;d gSA dHkh Hkqrgh unh Qqyijkl uke ds ,d LFkku ls jkLrk cny dj dgha vkSj ^HkVd* xbZA rc ogka ds xkaoksa esa Hkqrgh dks okil cqykus ds fy, vuq"Bku fd;k x;kA unh us euqgkj Lohdkj dh vkSj vxys o"kZ okil pyh vkbZ! ;s dgkfu;ka lekt blfy, ;kn j[kokuk pkgrk gS fd yksxksa dks ekywe jgs fd ;gka dh ufn;ka dfo ds dgus ls Hkh jkLrk cny ysrh gSa vkSj lkèkkj.k yksxksa ds vkxzg dks Lohdkj dj viuk cnyk gqvk jkLrk fQj ls lqèkkj ysrh gSaA blfy, bu ufn;ksa ds LoHkko dks è;ku esa j[k dj thou pykvksA ;s phtsa+ ge yksxksa dks bl rjQ ys tkrh gSa fd ftu ckrksa dks Hkwy x, gSa] mUgsa fQj ls ;kn djsaA dqN ufn;ksa ds cgqr fofp=k uke Hkh lekt us gt+kjksa lky ds vuqHko ls j[ks FksA buesa ls ,d fofp=k uke gS& vejcsyA dgha bls vkdk'kcsy Hkh dgrs gSaA bl unh dk mn~Hko vkSj laxe dgha ugha fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA dgka ls fudyrh gS] fdl unh esa feyrh gS µ ,slh dksbZ iDdh tkudkjh ugha 40

gSA cjlkr ds fnuksa esa vpkud izdV gksrh gS vkSj tSls isM+ ij vejcsy Nk tkrh gSA oSls gh ,d cM+s bykds esa bldh dbZ èkkjk,a fn[kkbZ nsrh gSaA fQj ;s xk;c Hkh gks tkrh gSaA ;g Hkh t:jh ugha fd og vxys lky bUgha èkkjkvksa esa ls cgsA rc ;g viuk dksbZ nwljk u;k tky [kksy ysrh gSA ,d unh dk uke gS nL;q unhA ;g nL;q dh rjg nwljh ufn;ksa dh ^dekbZ* gqbZ tyjkf'k dk] muds oSHko dk gj.k dj ysrh gSA blfy, iqjkus lkfgR; esa bldk ,d fo'ks"k.k oSHkogj.k Hkh feyrk gSA fQj fcYdqy pkyw cksfy;ksa esa Hkh ufn;ksa ds uke feyrs gSaA ,d unh dk uke ejus gSA blh rjg ,d unh ejxaxk gSA Hkqrgk ;k Hkqrgh dk fdLlk rks Åij vk gh x;k gSA tgka <sj lkjh ufn;ka gj dHkh gj dgha ls cgrh gksa lkjs fu;e rksM+ dj] ogka lekt us ,d ,slh Hkh unh [kkst yh Fkh tks Vl ls el ugha gksrh FkhA mldk uke j[kk x;k&èkeZewykA ;s lc fdLls] uke crkrs gSa fd ufn;ka ogka thoar Hkh gSa vkSj dHkh&dHkh os xk;c Hkh gks tkrh gSa] Hkwr Hkh cu tkrh gSa] ej Hkh tkrh gSaA ;g lc blfy, gksrk gS fd Åij ls vkus okyh lkn muesa Hkjku vkSj èklku dh nks xfrfofèk;ka bruh rsth ls pykrh gSa fd muds :i gj ckj cnyrs tkrs gSaA cgqr NksVh&NksVh ufn;ksa ds o.kZu esa ,slk feyrk gS fd buesa ,slh Hkaoj mBrh gSa fd gkfFk;ksa dks Hkh Mqcks nsaA buesa pêkusa vkSj iRFkj ds cM+s&cM+s VqdM+s vkrs gSa vkSj tc os vkil esa Vdjkrs gSa rks ,slh vkokt vkrh gS fd fn'kk,a cgjh gks tk,a! ,slk Hkh mYys[k feyrk gS fd dqN ufn;ksa esa cjlkr ds fnuksa esa exjePNksa dk vkuk bruk vfèkd gks tkrk gS fd muds flj ;k FkwFkus xkscj ds daMs dh rjg rSjrs gq, fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA ;s ufn;ka ,d&nwljs ls cgqr feyrh gSa] ,d&nwljs dk ikuh ysrh gSa vkSj nsrh Hkh gSaA bl vknku&iznku esa tks [ksy gksrk gS] mls geus ,d gn rd vc ck<+ esa cny fn;k gSA ugha rks ;gka ds yksx bl [ksy dks nwljs <ax ls ns[krs FksA os ck<+ dh izrh{kk djrs FksA bUgha ufn;ksa dh ck<+ ds ikuh dks jksd dj lekt cM+s&cM+s rkykcksa esa Mkyrk Fkk vkSj blls budh ck<+ dk osx de djrk FkkA ,d iqjkuk in feyrk gSµ ^pkj dkslh >kM+hA* blds ckjs esa u, yksxksa dks vc T;knk dqN irk ugha gSA iqjkus yksxksa ls ,slh tkudkjh ,d=k dj ;gka ds bykds dk 41

LoHkko le>uk pkfg,A pkj dkslh >kM+h dk dqN fgLlk 'kk;n paikj.k esa cpk gSA ,slk dgrs gSa fd iwjs fgeky; dh rjkbZ esa pkj dksl dh pkSM+kbZ dk ,d ?kuk taxy cpk dj j[kk x;k FkkA bldh yackbZ iwjs fcgkj esa X;kjg&ckjg lkS fdyksehVj rd pyrh FkhA ;g iwohZ mÙkj izns'k ds rjkbZ {ks=k rd tkrk FkkA pkj dksl pkSM+kbZ vkSj mldh yackbZ fgeky; dh iwjh rygVh esa FkhA vkt ds [kphZys] vO;kogkfjd rVcaèkksa ds cnys ;g fo'kky ou&caèk ck<+ ykus okyh ufn;ksa dks Nkuus dk dke djrk FkkA rc Hkh ck<+ vkrh jgh gksxh] ysfdu mldh ekjd {kerk ,slh ugha gksxhA <kbZ gtkj lky igys ds ,d laokn esa ck<+ dk dqN o.kZu feyrk gSA laokn Hkxoku cq) vkSj ,d Xokys ds chp gSA Xokys ds ?kj esa fdlh fnu Hkxoku cq) igaqps gSaA dkyh ?kVk,a NkbZ gqbZ gSaA Xokyk cq) ls dg jgk gS fd mlus viuk NIij dl fy;k gS] xk; dks etcwrh ls [kwaVs esa ckaèk fn;k gS] Qly dkV yh gS vkSj uko ckaèk yh gSA vc ck<+ dk dksbZ Mj ugha cpk gSA vkjke ls pkgs ftruk ikuh cjlsA unh nsoh n'kZu nsdj pyh tk,xhA blds ckn Hkxoku cq) Xokys ls dg jgs gSa fd eSaus r`".kk dh ukoksa dks [kksy fn;k gSA vc eq>s ck<+ dk dksbZ Mj ugha gSA ;qxiq#"k lkèkkj.k Xokys dh >ksiM+h esa unh fdukjs jkr fcrk,axsA ml unh ds fdukjs] ftlesa jkr dks dHkh Hkh ck<+ vk tk,xh! ij nksuksa fuf'pr gSaA D;k vkt ,slk laokn ck<+ ls Bhd igys gks ik,xk\ ;s lkjh phtsa gesa crkrh gSa fd yksx bl ikuh ls] bl ck<+ ls [ksyuk tkurs FksA ;gka dk lekt bl ck<+ esa rSjuk tkurk FkkA bl ck<+ ls rSjuk Hkh tkurk FkkA bl iwjs bykds esa ân vkSj pkSjk ;k pkSj 'kCn cM+s rkykcksa ds fy, gSaA pkSj esa ck<+ dk vfrfjDr ikuh jksd fy;k tkrk FkkA bl bykds esa iqjkus vkSj cM+s rkykcksa dk o.kZu [kwc feyrk gSA njHkaxk dk ,d rkykc bruk cM+k Fkk fd mldk o.kZu djus okys mls vfr'k;ksfDr rd ys x,A mls cukus okys yksxksa us vxLR; eqfu rd dks pqukSrh nh fd rqeus leqnz dk ikuh ihdj mls lq[kk fn;k Fkk] vc gekjs bl rkykc dks ihdj lq[kk nks rc tkusaA oSls leqnz ftruk cM+k dqN Hkh u gksxk] ;g ogka ds yksxksa dks Hkh irk FkkA ij ;g ,d [ksy gS fd ge bruk cM+k rkykc cukuk tkurs gSaA 42

mUuhloha 'krkCnh rd ogka ds cM+s&cM+s rkykcksa ds cM+s&cM+s fdLls pyrs FksA ifjgkjiqj] Hkjokgk vkSj vkykiqj vkfn {ks=kksa esa nks&rhu ehy yacs&pkSM+s rkykc FksA èkhjs&èkhjs ckn ds fu;kstdksa] jktusrkvksa] vfèkdkfj;ksa ds eu esa ;g vk;k fd bruh tyjkf'k ls Hkjs cM+s&cM+s rkykc csdkj dh txg ?ksjrs gSaµ budk ikuh lq[kk dj tehu yksxksa dks [ksrh ds fy, miyCèk djk nsaA bl rjg geus nks&pkj [ksr t:j c<+k fy,] ysfdu nwljh rjQ 'kk;n lkS&nks&lkS [ksr geus ck<+ dks HksaV p<+k fn,A vc ;gka iqjkus [ksr rks Mwcrs gh gSa] u, Hkh Mwcrs gSaA [ksr gh vdsys ugha [kfy;ku] ?kj] cLrh lc ck<+ esa lek tkrs gSaA vkt vaxzsth esa jsu okWVj gkjosfLaVx 'kCn gSA bl rjg dk iwjk <kapk mÙkj fcgkj ds yksxksa us cuk;k Fkkµ og ^¶yM okWVj gkjosfLVax flLVe* FkkA mlh ls mUgksaus ;g [ksy [ksyk FkkA rc Hkh ck<+ vkrh Fkh] ysfdu os ck<+ dh ekj dks de&ls&de djuk tkurs FksA rkykc dk ,d fo'ks"k.k ;gka feyrk gSµ ufn;k rkyA ;kuh og o"kkZ ds ikuh ls ugha] cfYd unh ds ikuh ls Hkjrk FkkA iwjs ns'k esa o"kkZ ds ikuh ls Hkjus okys rkykc feysaxsA ysfdu ;gka fgeky; ls mrjus okyh ufn;ka bruk vf/kd ikuh ysdj vkrh gSa fd unh ls Hkjus okyk rkykc cukuk T;knk O;kogkfjd gksrk FkkA unh dk ikuh èkhjs&èkhjs] dgha&u&dgha jksdrs&jksdrs] mldh ekjd {kerk dks midkj esa cnyrs&cnyrs vkxs xaxk esa feyk;k tkrk FkkA ,sls Hkwxksyfon~ le>nkj lekt ds vkt VqdM+s&VqdM+s gks x, gSaA vkt ds u, yksx ekurs gSa fd ;g lekt vui<+ gS] fiNM+k gSA u, yksx ,sls naHkh gSaA mÙkj fcgkj ls fudyus okyh ck<+ if'pe caxky gksrs gq, ckaXykns'k esa tkrh gSA ,d eksVk vanktk gS fd ckaXykns'k esa dqy tks tyjkf'k bdëh gksrh gS] mldk dsoy nl izfr'kr mls cknyksa ls feyrk gSA uCcs Qhlnh mls fcgkj] usiky vkSj nwljh rjQ ls vkus okyh ufn;ksa ls feyrk gSA ogka rhu cM+h ufn;kaµxaxk] es?kuk vkSj czãiq=k gSaA ;s rhuksa ufn;ka uCcs Qhlnh ikuh ml ns'k esa ysdj vkrh gSa vkSj 'ks"k nl Qhlnh o"kkZ ls feyrk gSA ckaXykns'k dk lekt lfn;ksa ls bu ufn;ksa ds fdukjs] buds laxe ds fdukjs jguk tkurk FkkA ogka unh vusd ehyksa rd QSy tkrh gSA gekjh tSlh ufn;ka ugha gksrha fd ,d rV ls nwljk rV fn[kkbZ nsA ogka dh ufn;ka f{kfrt rd 43

pyh tkrh gSaA mu ufn;ksa ds fdukjs Hkh og u flQZ ck<+ ls [ksyuk tkurk Fkk] cfYd ck<+ dks vius fy, midkjh Hkh cukuk tkurk FkkA blh esa ls viuh vPNh Qly fudkyrk Fkk] vkxs dk thou pykrk Fkk vkSj blhfy, lksukj ckaXyk dgykrk FkkA ysfdu èkhjs&èkhjs pkj dkslh >kM+h xbZA ân vkSj pkSj pys x,A de fgLls esa vPNh [ksrh djrs Fks] mldks ykyp esa FkksM+s cM+s fgLls esa QSyk dj ns[kus dh dksf'k'k dhA vkSj ge vc ck<+ esa Mwc tkrs gSaA cfLr;ka dgka cusaxh] dgka ugha cusaxh] blds fy, cgqr vuq'kklu gksrk FkkA pkSj ds {ks=k esa dsoy [ksrh gksxh] cLrh ugha clsxhµ ,sls fu;e VwV pqds gSa rks fQj ck<+ Hkh fu;e rksM+us yxh gSA mls Hkh èkhjs&èkhjs Hkwy dj pkgs vkcknh dk ncko dfg, ;k vU; vfu;af=kr fodkl ds dkj.k µ vc ge ufn;ksa ds ck<+ ds jkLrs esa viuk lkeku j[kus yxs gSa] vius ?kj cukus yxs gSaA blfy, ufn;ksa dk nks"k ugha gSA vxj gekjh igyh eafty rd ikuh Hkjrk gS rks bldk ,d cM+k dkj.k unh ds jkLrs esa fodkl djuk gSA ,d vkSj cgqr cM+h pht fiNys nks&,d lkS lky esa gqbZ gSA og gSµ rVcaèk vkSj ckaèkA NksVs ls ysdj cM+s ckaèk cM+s&cM+s rVcaèk bl bykds esa cuk, x, gSa] cxSj bu ufn;ksa dk LoHkko le>sA ufn;ksa dh èkkjk bèkj ls mèkj u HkVds µ ;g eku dj geus ,d u, HkVdko ds fodkl dh ;kstuk viukbZ gSA mldks rVcaèk dgrs gSaA ;s ckaXykns'k esa Hkh cus gSa vkSj budh yackbZ lSdM+ksa ehy rd tkrh gSA vkt irk pyrk gS fd buls ck<+ #dus ds ctk; c<+h gS] uqdlku gh T;knk gqvk gSA vHkh rks dgha&dgha ;s ,dek=k midkj ;g djrs gSa fd ,d cM+s bykds dh vkcknh tc Mwc ls izHkkfor gksrh gS] ck<+ ls izHkkfor gksrh gS rks yksx bu rVcaèkksa ij gh 'kj.k ysus vk tkrs gSaA tks ck<+ ls cpkus okyh ;kstuk Fkh og dsoy 'kj.kLFkyh esa cny xbZ gSA bu lc phtksa ds ckjs esa lkspuk pkfg,A cgqr igys ls yksx dg jgs gSa fd rVcaèk O;kogkfjd ugha gSaA ysfdu geus ns[kk gS fd fiNys lkS Ms<+ lkS lky esa ge yksxksa us rVcaèkksa ds flok; vkSj fdlh pht+ esa iSlk ugha yxk;k gS] è;ku ugha yxk;k gSA ck<+ vkus okys o"kks± esa Hkh vk,xhA ;g vfrfFk ugha gSA bldh frfFk;ka r; gSa vkSj gekjk lekt blls [ksyuk tkurk FkkA ysfdu vc ge tSls&tSls 44

T;knk fodflr gksrs tk jgs gSa] bldh frfFk;ka vkSj bldk LoHkko Hkwy jgs gSaA bl lky dgk tkrk gS fd ck<+ jkgr esa [kkuk ckaVus esa] [kkus ds iSdsV fxjkus esa gsyhdkWIVjksa dk tks bLrseky fd;k x;k] mlesa pkSchl djksM+ #i, dk [kpZ vk;k FkkA 'kk;n bl ykxr ls flQZ nks djksM+ #i, dh jksVh&lCth] iqjh ckaVh xbZ FkhA T;knk vPNk gksrk fd bl bykds esa pkSchl djksM+ ds gsyhdkWIVj ds cnys ge de&ls&de chl gtkj ukosa rS;kj j[krs vkSj eNqvkjs] ukfodksa] eYykgksa dks lEeku ds lkFk bl dke esa yxkrsA ;g ufn;ksa dh xksnh esa iyk&c<+k lekt gSA bls ck<+ Hk;kud ugha fn[krhA vius ?kj dh] ifjokj dh lnL; dh rjg fn[krh gSµ mlds gkFk esa geus chl gtkj ukosa NksM+h gksrhaA bl lky ugha NksM+h xb± rks vxys lky bl rjg dh ;kstuk cu ldrh gSA ukosa rS;kj j[kh tk,aµ muds ukfod rS;kj gksa] mudk jftLVj rS;kj gks] tks ogka ds ftykfèkdkjh ;k bykds dh fdlh izeq[k laLFkk ;k laxBu ds ikl gks] mlesa fdlh jkgr dh lkexzh dgka&dgka ls j[kh tk,xh] ;g lc r; gksA vkSj gjsd uko dks fuf'pr xkaoksa dh la[;k nh tk,A Mwc ds izHkko dks ns[krs gq,] iqjkus vuqHko dks ns[krs gq,] mudks lcls igys dgka&dgka vukt ;k cuk&cuk;k [kkuk igqapkuk gSµ bldh rS;kjh gksA rc ge ik,axs fd pkSchl djksM+ ds gsyhdkWIVj ds cnys 'kk;n ;g dke ,d ;k nks djksM+ esa dj ldsaxs vkSj bl jkf'k dh ,d&,d ikbZ mu yksxksa rd tk,xh ftu rd ck<+ ds fnuksa esa mls tkuk pkfg,A ck<+ vkt ls ugha vk jgh gSA vxj vki cgqr igys dk lkfgR; u Hkh ns[ksa rks ns'k ds igys jk"Vªifr jktsanz ckcw dh vkRedFkk esa Nijk dh Hk;kud ck<+ dk mYys[k feysxkA ml le; dgk tkrk gS fd ,d gh ?kaVs esa NÙkhl bap o"kkZ gqbZ Fkh vkSj iwjk Nijk ftyk ikuh esa Mwc x;k FkkA rc Hkh jkgr dk dke gqvk vkSj rc ikVhZ ds dk;ZdÙkkZvksa us ljdkj ls vkxs c<+ dj dke fd;k FkkA ml le; Hkh vkjksi yxs Fks fd iz'kklu us blesa dksbZ [kkl enn ugha nhA vkt Hkh ,sls vkjksi yxrs gSa] ,slh gh ck<+ vkrh gSA rks fp=k cnysxk ughaA cM+s usrkvksa dh vkRedFkkvksa esa blh rjg dh ykbusa fy[kh tk,axh vkSj v[kckjksa esa Hkh blh rjg dh phtsa NisaxhA ysfdu gesa dqN fo'ks"k djds fn[kkuk gS rks ge yksxksa dks usiky] fcgkj] caxky vkSj 45

ckaXykns'k µ lHkh dks fey dj ckr djuh gksxhA iqjkuh Le`fr;ksa esa ck<+ ls fuiVus ds D;k rjhds Fks] mudk fQj ls vknku&iznku djuk gksxkA mUgsa le>uk gksxk vkSj mUgsa ubZ O;oLFkk eas ge fdl rjg ls T;ksa&dk&T;ksa ;k dqN lqèkkj dj viuk ldrs gSa] bl ij è;ku nsuk gksxkA tc 'kq:&'kq: esa vaxzstksa us bu bykdksa esa ugjksa dk] ikuh dk dke fd;k] rVcaèkksa dk dke fd;k rc Hkh muds chp esa ,d&nks ,sls lân;] le>nkj vkSj ;gka dh feêh dks tkuus&le>us okys vfèkdkjh Fks] ftUgksaus ,slk ekuk Fkk fd tks dqN fd;k x;k gS] mlls ;g bykdk lqèkjus ds cnys vkSj vfèkd fcxM+k gSA bl rjg dh phtsa gekjs iqjkus nLrkostksa esa gSaA lu~ 1853 esa Hkkjr esa gh ,d ugj] unh ds fdukjs yxs ,d racw esa tUesa lj fofy;e foydkWDl uked ,d vaxzst bathfu;j us 77 o"kZ dh mez esa lu~ 1930 esa dydÙkk fo'ofo|ky; ds izkax.k esa rhu Hkk"k.k blh fo"k; ij fn, FksA bUgksaus felz tSls jsfxLrku esa Hkh ikuh dk dke fd;k Fkk vkSj fcgkj] caxky tSls fo'kky unh izns'k esa HkhA lj fofy;e rc ls dgrs vk jgs gSa fd fodkl ds uke ij bu fgLlksa esa tks dqN Hkh fd;k x;k gS] mlesa ck<+ vkSj c<+h gS] ?kVh ugha gSA blh rjg caxky esa eq[; bathfu;j jgs Jh ,l- lh- etqenkj us Hkh caxky dh ufn;ksa ij [kwc dke fd;k FkkA mUgksaus Hkh ckj&ckj ;gh dgk Fkk fd bu ufn;ksa dks le>ksA fQj vktknh ds ckn bl {ks=k esa tc nkeksnj unh ij ckaèk cuk;k tk jgk Fkk rks mlh foHkkx esa dke dj jgs bathfu;j Jh dfiy Hkêkpk;Z us Hkh bUgha ckrksa dks yxHkx Hkfo";ok.kh dh rjg ns'k ds lkeus j[kk FkkA vkt Hkh bu ckrksa dks Jh fnus'k dqekj feJ tSls bathfu;j 'kklu] lekt ds lkeus j[k jgs gaSA bl lky fcgkj dh ck<+ us ,d ckj fQj tksj ls dgk gS fd bu ckrksa dks dc le>ksxsA ugha rks mÙkj fcgkj dh ck<+ dk iz'u T;ksa&dk&R;ksa cuk jgsxkA ge mldk mÙkj ugha [kkst ik,axsA dc cw>ksxsA rHkh dksbZ jkLrk fudysxkA lu~ nks gtkj pkj esa mÙkj fcgkj esa dkslh unh esa vkbZ ck<+ ij fy[kk x;k ys[kA

uk tk Lokeh ijnslk <kSaM xkao ds iapk;r Hkou esa NksVh&NksVh yM+fd;ka ukp jgh FkhaA muds

xhr ds cksy Fks% BaMks ikuh esjk igkM+ ek] uk tk Lokeh ijnslkA ;s cksy lkeus cSBs iwjs xkao dks cjlkr dh >M+h esa Hkh ckaèks gq, FksA Hkhaxrs n'kZdksa esa ,slh dbZ ;qok vkSj vèksM+ efgyk,a Fkha] ftuds ifr vkSj csVs vius thou ds dbZ clar ^ijnsl* esa gh fcrk jgs gSaA ,sls o`) Hkh bl dk;ZØe dks ns[k jgs Fks] ftuus vius thou dk cM+k Hkkx ^ijnsl* dh lsok esa yxk;k FkkA vkSj Hkhxh njh ij os NksVs&cPps Hkh Fks] ftUgsa 'kk;n dy ijnsl pys tkuk gSA ,d xhr igkM+ksa ds bu xkaoksa ls yksxksa dk iyk;u Hkyk dSls jksd ik,xk\ ysfdu xhr xkus okyh VqdM+h xhr xkrh tkrh gSA vkt <kSaM xkao esa gS rks dy MqyeksV xkao esaA fQj tfUnz;k esa] Hkjuksa esa] mQjSa[kky esaA ;g dsoy lkaLÑfrd vk;kstu ugha gSA blesa dqN xk;d gaS] urZd gSa] ,d gkjeksfu;e] <ksyd gS rks lSdM+ksa dqnky&QkoM+s Hkh gSa] tks gj xkao esa dqN ,slk dke jgs gSa fd ogka cjldj rsth ls cg tkus okyk ikuh ogka dqN Fke lds] rsth ls cg tkus okyh feêh ogha #d lds vkSj bu xkaoksa esa mtM+ x, ou] mtM+ xbZ [ksrh fQj ls laoj ldsA vkèkqfud fodkl dh uhfr;ksa us ;gka ds thou dh ftl y; dks] laxhr dks cslqjk fd;k gS] mls fQj ls lqjhyk cukus okyksa dh Vksyh gS ;g nwèkkrksyh dhA ikSM+h x<+oky] mÙkjk[kaM ds nwèkkrksyh bykds ds mQjSa[kky esa vkt ls dksbZ 21 cjl igys cuh ;g NksVh&lh Vksyh vkt ;gka ds dksbZ 100 xkaoksa esa QSy xbZ gS vkSj bl {ks=k esa vius dke dks [kqn djus dk okrkoj.k cuk jgh gSA vius dke esa gSa % vius ou] viuk ikuh] viuk pkjk] viuk b±èku vkSj viuk ekFkk] LokfHkekuA 47

bl Vksyh ds fouez uk;d gSa f'k{kd lfPpnkuan HkkjrhA os mQjSa[kky ds baVj dkWyst esa i<+krs gSaA lu~ 1979 esa os peksyh ftys ds xksis'oj egkfo|ky; esa i<+ jgs FksA mlh nkSj esa ogka izfl) fpidks vkanksyu us tUe fy;k FkkA Hkkjrh us viuh dkWyst dh i<+kbZ ds vykok ml nkSj esa ,d ltx Nk=k ds ukrs igkM+ ds thou ds i;kZoj.k dh i<+kbZ esa Hkh iwjh fu"Bk ls #fp yh FkhA os fpidks vkanksyu ds tud Jh paMhizlkn Hkê ds lkFk vkanksyu ds dbZ ekspks± ij yM+s Hkh Fks vkSj ckn esa mlds jpukRed i{k esa Hkh lfØ; jgs FksA la?k"kZ vkSj jpuk dk la;qDr ikB mUgksaus ogha ls lh[kk FkkA lu~ 1979 esa viuh i<+kbZ iwjh dj os ikSM+h ftys esa vius xkao xkM[kjd] mQjSa[kky ykSVs FksA mUgha fnuksa mUgsa xkao esa [kcj feyh fd mÙkjk[kaM ds eè; esa fLFkr nwèkkrksyh {ks=k esa ou foHkkx Qj&jkxk ds isM+ksa dk dVku dj jgk gSA fgeky; esa jkxk iztkfr Hkksto`{k dh rjg gh èkhjs&èkhjs yqIr gksrh tk jgh gSA iqjkus isM+ tk jgs gSa vkSj tks u, ikSèks iuius pkfg,] os iui ugha ik jgs gSaA Jh Hkkjrh dks yxk fd bl dVku dks rks gj dher ij jksduk pkfg,A os vius dqN lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk nwèkkrksyh ou {ks=k ls tqM+s xkaoksa dh vksj py iM+sA xkaoksa esa in;k=kk ds ekè;e ls txg&txg yksxksa dks ;g le>kus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZ fd ;g ou ljdkj dk t:j gS ij blds dVku dk] blds fouk'k dk igyk cqjk >Vdk xkaoksa dks Hkksxuk iM+sxkA ;g ou Hkys gh gekjk u gks ij fouk'k gekjk gh gksxkA lc yksx lkFk nsa rks bl fouk'k dks jksdk tk ldrk gSA yksxksa dh tkx`fr dk] ,d tqV gksus dk ;g fdLlk dkQh iqjkuk vkSj yack Hkh gSA ;gka mls nqgjkuk vko';d ugha gSA cl bruk gh crk nsuk dkQh gS fd dbZ ckj vPNs <ax ls j[kh xbZ ckr ljdkj vkSj mlds vfèkdkjh Hkh le> ysrs gSa vkSj ges'kk la?k"kZ] Vdjko dk jkLrk ysuk t:jh ugha gksrkA nwèkkrksyh esa Hkh ;gh gqvkA ,slh ?kVuk ml {ks=k ds fy, ubZ FkhA blls nks ckrsa fudyhaµ ,d rks ;g fd yksx ,d gks tk,a rks ljdkj ds xyr dkeksa] fu.kZ;ksa dks Hkh jksdk tk ldrk gS] cnyk tk ldrk gSA vkSj nwljh ;g fd vc tc ,d cM+s 48

fouk'k dks jksd gh fy;k x;k gS rks fQj blh LFkku ls ouksa ds laoèkZu dk dke D;ksa u 'kq: fd;k tk,A ,d i;kZoj.k f'kfoj j[kk x;kA vklikl vkSj dqN nwj ds yksxksa dks] xkaoksa dks mQjSa[kky vkus dk U;ksrk fn;k x;kA lM+dksa ls cgqr nwj NksVk&lk xkao] gkFk esa u dksbZ lkèku] u dksbZ laidZA f'kfoj rks j[k fy;k ij blds fy, iSlk pkfg, FkkA Hkkstu vkfn ij dqN rks [kpZ gksxk ghA fdlls iwNsa] fdlls ekaxs\ ubZ fnYyh ds xkaèkh 'kkafr izfr"Bku dks i=k fy[kkA ,d gtkj #i, ogka ls vk,A bl rjg tqykbZ 1980 esa nwèkkrksyh {ks=k esa igyk i;kZoj.k f'kfoj laiUu gqvkA yksxksa us vius&vius {ks=k dh ifjfLFkfr] ouksa dh fLFkfr] dgka D;k fdruk mtM+ x;k gS vkfn ckrsa ,d nwljs ds lkeus j[khaA tks ?kVuk,a pqipki ?kV jgh Fkha] mudk ekSu rks VwVkA f'kfoj ds var esa lcus ikl ds ou {ks=k esa tkdj ikSèkksa dk jksi.k fd;kA nwèkkrksyh {ks=k esa igys f'kfoj ls ,d u, fopkj dk ikSèkk yxk bl rjgA rc bl fopkj dks jksius okys gkFkksa dks Hkh irk ugha Fkk fd vkxs pydj ;g bl {ks=k ds Bhd fodkl dk ,d etcwr o`{k cu tk,xk vkSj bldh ?kuh Nk;k esa dbZ vkSj fopkj iuirs tk,axsA bl dke dks O;ofLFkr :i ls pykus ds fy, lu~ 1982 esa ,d laLFkk cuh% ^nwèkkrksyh yksd fodkl laLFkku*A LFkkiuk ds le; gh dqN ckrsa r; dh xbZ FkhaA vius {ks=k esa i;kZoj.k laoèkZu dk dke rks djuk gh gS rks blesa laLFkk dk vkèkkj ogha ds yksx rFkk nslh lkèku gksa] bldk iwjk è;ku j[kk tk,xkA ;g Hkh ;kstuk cuh fd f'kfojksa ds ekè;e ls ;g lc dke fd;k tk,xkA tYnh gh le> esa vk x;k fd ouhdj.k djuk gS rks viuh t:jr ds ikSèks Hkh rS;kj [kqn gh djus iM+saxsA laLFkk cukus esa f'k{kdksa dh Hkwfedk izeq[k Fkh] blfy, vkxs dh ;kstukvksa esa mudk è;ku lcls igys vius Nk=kksa dh rjQ x;kA rc Ldwyksa esa i;kZoj.k laoèkZu ,d fo"k; dh rjg ugha vk;k FkkA ij ;gka rks ;g i<+kbZ dk ugha] thou dk ,d vax cu x;kA Nk=kksa us vius f'k{kdksa dh izsj.kk ls rjg&rjg ds chtksa dk laxzg izkjaHk fd;kA lcls igys bu yksxksa us v[kjksV ds ikSèkksa dh ,d ulZjh cukbZA bu ikSèkksa dh fcØh izkjaHk gqbZA ogha ds xkaoksa ls ogha dh laLFkk dks ikSèkksa dh 49

fcØh ls dqN vkenuh gksus yxhA ;g jkf'k fQj ogha yxus tk jgh FkhA NksVs&NksVs lkèkuksa ls ,d cM+s lkè; dks lkèkus dh ,d yach ;k=kk dk izkjaHk gqvkA ,d ds ckn ,d f'kfoj yxrs x, vkSj mtM+s ou {ks=kksa esa èkhjs&èkhjs ouhdj.k gksus yxkA bu f'kfojksa esa jLe iwjh ugha dh tkrh FkhA iwjk dke djus ds fy, ;s yxrs Fks] blfy, dHkh&dHkh rks budh vofèk nl fnu rd Hkh gksrhA dHkh ;s ou {ks=k esa yxrs rks] dHkh xkaoksa ds Ldwy esa] iapk;r Hkou esaA è;ku j[kk tkrk fd LFkku lkoZtfud gks rkfd lHkh yksx buesa vk ldsaA f'kfoj dgha Hkh yxsa] buesa vklikl ds ikap&nl xkaoksa ds L=kh&iq#"kksa] cPpksa dks tksM+us dh dksf'k'k gksrh FkhA pwafd f'kfojksa dk eq[; fo"k; gh ?kkl] taxy] ikuh] [ksrh vkfn gqvk djrkµ blfy, èkhjs&èkhjs buls efgyk,a tqM+rh pyh xb±A fQj bUgha f'kfojksa esa gqbZ ckrphr ls ;g Hkh fu.kZ; lkeus vk;k fd gj xkao esa viuk ou cusA og l?ku Hkh cus rkfd b±èku] pkjs vkfn ds fy, efgykvksa dh lqfoèkk c<+ ldsA bl rjg gj f'kfoj ds ckn mu xkaoksa esa efgykvksa ds vius u, laxBu mHkj vk,A ;s efgyk eaxy ny dgyk,A ;s efgyk ny dkxth ugha FksA dkxt ij cus gh ugha FksA dksbZ ys[kk&tks[kk] jftLVj] nLrkost ughaA iwjs lPps eu ls cus laxBu Fks blfy, f'kfoj pykus okyh eq[; ekuh xbZ laLFkk nwèkkrksyh ds dk;kZy; esa Hkh budh fxurh ;k C;kSjk ns[kus ugha feyrkA ,sls efgyk eaxy nyksa dh okLrfodrk rks mu xkaoksa esa èkhjs&èkhjs Åaps mB jgs l?ku gks pys ouksa ls gh irk py ldrh gSA izfrfnu ny dh lnL;k,a ckjh&ckjh ls ou dh j[kokyh djrh gSaA j[kokyh dk rjhdk vius vki esa vuks[kk vkSj lqjhyk] laxhre; gSA ,d ykBh gSA ysfdu ;g lkèkkj.k ykBh ugha gSA blds Åijh fljs ij cM+s vkdkj ds nks&pkj ?kqa?k: yxs gSaA bl ykBh dk uke gS [kkadjA [kkadj ysdj efgyk,a ou esa j[kokyh djrh gSaA gj dne ij ykBh tehu ij yxrh gS vkSj [kkadj ds ?kqa?k: [kud tkrs gSaA ,d [kkadj dh laxhre; èofu ou dh ?kuh pqIih dks rksM+rh ou ds nwljs Hkkxksa esa blh rjg j[kokyh dj jgh vU; efgykvksa dks ,d nwljs ls tksM+s j[krh gSA ;g 50

laxhre; ykBh ,d vU; lqjhyh O;oLFkk dk Hkh vax gSA lka> dks ou dh j[kokyh ds ckn efgyk,a xkao okil vkrh gSa vkSj viuh [kkadj vius ?kj ds njokts ds vkxs u j[k fdlh vU; efgyk ds njokts ij fVdk nsrh gSaA bldk vFkZ gS dy ml ?kj dh efgyk [kkadj ysdj ou j[kokyh ds fy, fudysxhA vius cPpksa dh rjg iky iksldj [kM+s fd, ouksa dh j[kokyh] fuxjkuh] lkj laHkky dk ;g ?kjsyw rjhdk vkt nwèkkrksyh {ks=k ds dksbZ 136 xkaoksa esa cM+s fu;e ls] Lo&vuq'kklu ls py jgk gSA izk;% ixMafM;ksa ls caVs vkSj igkM+ksa dh pksfV;ksa] ?kkfV;ksa esa ,d nwljs ls ehyksa nwj cls ;s xkao fcuk ckgjh iSls ds] vkns'k ds vius ne ij [kkadj ds laxhr ls tqM+rs x,A bu f'kfojksa dk vk;kstu ges'kk cM+h ljyrk ls gksrk jgk gksµ ,slk ugha gSA chp ds dbZ o"kZ cM+h dfBukbZ ds o"kZ FksA dgha ls Hkh dksbZ enn ugha FkhA ij f'kfojksa dh vkSj dke dh dM+h dHkh VwVus ugha nh xbZA xkaoksa us vius lhfer lkèkuksa ls bl vlhfer dke dks tkjh j[kus dh cjkcj dksf'k'k dhA 1993 esa izkjaHk esa lfPpnkuan Hkkjrh us vius {ks=k esa ouksa ds lkFk ikuh dh ijaijk dks Hkh le>uk izkjaHk fd;kA igkM+ksa esa rky rks vkt Hkh gSaA budh la[;k rst <ykuksa ds dkj.k de gh jgh gSA ij [kky vkSj pky uked nks vkSj :i Hkh ;gka jgs gSaA os fiNyh lnh esa yxHkx feV x, FksA nwèkkrksyh dk mQjSa[kky uke Lo;a bl ckr dk izrhd Fkk fd dHkh ;gka ikuh dk vPNk izcaèk jgk gksxkA [kky rky ls NksVk :i gS rks pky [kky ls Hkh NksVkA ;s Åaps igkM+ksa dh rh[kh <ykuksa ij Hkh curh jgh gSaA ij vc rks ;s lkeus Fkh ughaA u;k dke dSls djsa\ fdlh dks dqN irk ugha FkkA blfy, dqN vkilh ckrphr] dqN vankt] dqN iz;ksx ls ouksa ds laoèkZu ds lkFk igkM+ksa esa ty laj{k.k ds dke dks tksM+kA ,d ls ,d tqM+k rks ;ksx nks u gksdj X;kjg gks x;kA bdkbZ ls bdkbZ feyh vkSj ngkbZ ifj.kke lkeus vkus yxsA nwèkkrksyh {ks=k esa pky cukus dk dke xkM[kjd xkao ls] mQjSa[kky ls izkjaHk gqvk ij fQj rks ;g taxy dh vkx dh rjg QSyus yxkA vkt bl {ks=k esa dksbZ 35 xkao esa [kkyh iM+h catj tehu ij] ikuh dh deh ls 51

mtM+ x, [ksrksa esa vkSj vPNs ?kus ouksa rd esa dksbZ 7000 pkysa o"kZ Hkj pkanh dh rjg pedrh gSaA mÙkjk[kaM esa tc lu~ 1999 esa lHkh txg ikuh dh csgn deh Fkh] vdky iM+ jgk Fkk] rc nwèkkrksyh {ks=k esa vizSy] ebZ] twu ds eghuksa esa Hkh pkyksa esa yckyc ikuh Hkjk jgkA vkt lu~ 2010 esa bl bykds esa dksbZ 20]000 NksVh&cM+h pky cu pqdh gSaA pkyksa ds pyu dh fQj ls okilh us bl {ks=k esa vusd ifjorZu fd, gSaA mtM+s [ksrksa esa fQj ls Qly yxkus dh rS;kjh gks jgh gSA catj ou Hkwfe esa lky Hkj ikuh jgus ds dkj.k izÑfr Lo;a vius vusd vn`'; gkFkksa ls mlesa ?kkl vkSj ikSèks yxk jgh gS rks Bhd iui pqds ouksa esa vkSj vfèkd l?kurk vk jgh gSA ?kkl] pkjk] b±èku vkSj ikuhµ buds fcuk ioZrh; O;oLFkk pjejk xbZ FkhA vkt ;gka fQj ls thou dk eèkqj laxhr okil ykSV jgk gSA ^?kkl] taxy] [ksr] ikuhµ ;ksa ds fcuk ;kstuk dkuh* dk ukjk Hkh ;gka pyrk gSA pky dk tks dke taxyksa esa vkx dh rjg QSyk gS] mlus taxyksa dh vkx dks Hkh lesVus esa vn~Hkqr Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA mÙkjk[kaM vkSj ns'k ds vU; ioZrh; {ks=kksa esa gj o"kZ xjeh ds eghuksa esa ouksa esa cM+s iSekus ij vkx yxus dh ?kVuk,a gksrh gSaA bUgsa cq>kus dk dksbZ dkjxj rjhdk vHkh rd ou foHkkx ds gkFk ugha vk;k gSA tc Hkh bl fo"k; ij cgl gksrh gS rks gekjk ou foHkkx :l] xzhl] Lisu] vesfjdk rFkk vkLVªsfy;k ds ou {ks=kksa dk mnkgj.k nsdj gsfydkWIVjksa ds mi;ksx dh odkyr djrk gSA og ;g Hkwy tkrk gS fd ogka gSfydkIVjksa ls Hkh vkx ugha cq>rh gSA ;s ?kVuk,a gj lky c<+rh gh tk jgh gSaA ouksa esa vkx ,d cM+h leL;k gSA o"kkZ ds fnuksa esa cjlk ikuh igkM+ dh pksfV;ksa ls uhps ?kkVh esa] unh esa pyk tkrk gSA fQj BaM dk ekSle rks Bhd chrrk gS ij xjeh dh _rq vkrs gh lkjk ou {ks=k ri tkrk gSA ?kkl lw[k tkrh gS vkSj ou ds ou lw[kh ?kkl ds <sj ij cl tjk&lh ,d fpuxkjh dk bartkj djrs jgrs gSaA ebZ 1998 esa dksbZ 80]000 gsDVs;j ou {ks=k vkx esa Lokgk gqvk FkkA vkt ns'k esa izfro"kZ ouksa dh vkx ls dksbZ 450 djksM+ #i, dh gkfu gksrh gSA ysfdu dherh ou] isM+&ikSèks] ?kkl] pkjk vkSj oU; tho ds ml uqdlku dks vki ljdkjh vkadM+ksa esa] #i;ksa 52

esa ugha uki ldrsA izÑfr dh o"kks± dh esgur] lekt ds fy, ihf<+;ksa dh lqfoèkk] vdky] ck<+ ls j{kk dk loksZÙke dopµ lc dqN ns[krs gh ns[krs jk[k gks tkrk gSA nwèkkrksyh esa tc ls ikuh dk] pky vkSj [kky dk dke izkjaHk gqvk gS] rc ls ;gka ds ou vkx ls lqjf{kr gks pys gSaA lHkh xzke ouksa esa cuh pkyksa ds dkj.k muesa xehZ ds rirs ekSle esa Hkh ueh vkSj bl dkj.k gfj;kyh cuh jgh gS] vkx ugha yx ikrhA dgha vkx yx Hkh tk, rks ;g ykpkjh ugha gksrh fd vc bls dSls cq>k;k tk,A Hkjuksa uked xkao ds vius ikys ou esa] ebZ 1998 esa vkx t:j yxh Fkh ij pkyksa dh mifLFkfr ds dkj.k og tYnh gh fu;a=k.k esa vk xbZ FkhA ij blh xkao ds ikl dk ljdkjh ou vkx ls cp ugha ik;k FkkA blh rjg tfUnz;k xkao dk ljdkjh ou Hkh vkx dh HksaV p<+k FkkA ;gka ou foHkkx ouksa dks vkx ls cpkus dh vihy djus okys cksMZ yxkus rks vkrk gS ij vkx cq>kus ugha vk ikrkA bu xkaoksa esa yksxksa us pky cukdj vius ou lqjf{kr fd, gSa vkSj 'kkldh; ouksa esa yxh vkx dks Hkh viuh pkyksa ds ikuh ls cq>kus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA lu~ 1998 dh ebZ esa ,sls iz;klksa esa xkao dh rhu efgyk,a vkx cq>krs gq, Lo;a >qyl xbZ Fkha vkSj mUgsa cpk;k ugha tk ldk FkkA bu pkyksa us ;k vc ftUgsa ;gka ty&rykbZ Hkh dgk tkus yxk gS] xkao esa 'kkldh; ty iznk; ;kstukvksa dks Hkh u;k thou fn;k gSA mÙkjk[kaM ds vusd xkaoksa esa ikuh dh deh gksus yxh gSA fgeky; ikuh dk] ufn;ksa dk ek;dk Hkh dgykrk gSA ij ikuh ds ek;ds esa gh ikuh ugha cp ikrk FkkA ^Loty* tSlh [kphZyh ;kstukvksa us Hkh iSlk [kwc cgk;k ij ikuh ugha cg ik;k gSA ,d lhfer {ks=k esa gh lgh ij yksxksa dh pkyksa us ;gka ikuh dk iz'u gy djds fn[kk;k gSA vc iwjs o"kZ Hkj ikuh [kwc gSA pkyksa us lw[k pqds ukyksa dks] NksVh ufn;ksa dks] xnsjksa dks Hkh ljl dj fn;k gSA mQjSa[kky ds ou ls fudyus okyh lw[kkjkSyk unh o"kkZ esa mQu tkrh Fkh vkSj fQj uoacj esa gh lw[k tkrh FkhA blfy, bldk uke gh lw[kkjkSyk iM+ pqdk FkkA ;gka lu~ 1993 ls 1998 rd dksbZ 1000 ty rykbZ cuh gksaxhµ bu lcesa lafpr ty dh ,d&,d cwan us lw[kkjkSyk dk LoHkko 53

cnykA lw[ks fnuksa esa Hkh mlesa ikuh FkkA ij xkao us èkhjt j[kk] ,dne uke ugha cnykA tc tuojh 2001 esa Hkh lw[kkjkSyk lw[kk ugha rks ÑrK xkao us bldk u;k uke j[kus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA D;k gksxk u;k uke\ u;k uke j[kuk dksbZ vklku dke ugha FkkA ij bl dfBu dke dks xkao us viuh J)k ls xaxk ds lkFk tksM+uk gh mfpr le>kA xkao dk uke xkM[kjd rks ubZ unh gks xbZ xkMxaxkA vkt xkMxaxk o"kZ Hkj cgrh gS vkSj fQj ilksyh unh esa feydj mls vkSj Hkh le`) dj jgh gSA fgeky; ds bu xkaoksa dks mnkjrk ls bruk ykHk ckaVus okyh pky Lo;a cgqr gh NksVh gksrh gSA bl NksVsiu esa gh bldk cM+Iiu fNik gSA tgka Hkh Bhd txg feyh ogka 5 ls 10 ?kuehVj ds vkdkj dh ty&rykbZ cukbZ tkrh gSA ;g vius vkils dksbZ peRdkj ugha dj ldrhA peRdkj ty&rykbZ dh J`a[kyk esa fNik gSA tc Åij ls uhps rd iwjs <yku dks vusd ty&rykbZ vius NksVs&NksVs vkdkj ls <d nsrh gSa rc ikuh dk v{k; HkaMkj cu tkrk gSA ikuh igkM+h <ykuksa esa ;gka&ogka ls cgrk gS] blfy, ty&rykbZ Hkh ;gka&ogka gh cukbZ tkrh gSa vkSj bl rjg gj txg ikuh ,d=k gksrk tkrk gSA bu lcesa laxzfgr ikuh èkhjs&èkhjs fjldj uhps ?kkVh rd vkrk gSA ;gka ?kkVh esa pkyksa ls cM+s <kaps] ;kuh [kky ;k rky cuk, x, gSaA buesa Hkh vc iwjs o"kZ ikuh dk HkaMkj cuk jgrk gSA pky NksVh gS vkdkj esa vkSj ykxr esa HkhA dksbZ 50 ls 100&200 #i, esa ,d pky cu tkrh gSA cukus okys bls viuk dke ekudj cukrs gSaA blfy, 50&100 dh enn Hkh de ugha ekursA os bls cukrs le; vius dks fdlh dk etnwj ugha ekursA os blds ekfyd gSa vkSj muds LokfeRo ls lkekftd le`f) lkdkj gksrh gSA ,slh lqn`<+ le`f) iwjs lekt dk vkRefo'okl c<+krh gSA mudk ekFkk Åapk djrh gSA rc ;fn vpkud dksbZ cM+h ysfdu vO;kogkfjd ;kstuk ogka vk tk, rks yksxksa ds iSj ugha MxexkrsA ,d ,slh gh ;kstuk lu~ 1998 esa bl {ks=k dh iwohZ u;kj ?kkVh esa vkbZ FkhA tykxe fodkl dk dke FkkA leFkZu Fkk fo'o cSad tSlh laiUu laLFkk dkA ij bu xkaoksa us mldk leFkZu ugha fd;kA 54

dke rks ogh Fkk ftls ;s xkao dj gh jgs Fksµ ouksa dk fodklA tykxe {ks=k dk fodklA iSls dh dksbZ deh ugha FkhA iwjh ifj;kstuk dh ykxr 90 djksM+ #i, FkhA xkao&xkao esa tc bl ;kstuk dk c[kku djus okys cM+s&cM+s cksMZ yx x, rc lfPpnkuan Hkkjrh us ou foHkkx ds ftEesnkj vfèkdkfj;ksa dks ,d NksVk&lk i=k Hkj fy[kk FkkA mlesa mUgksaus cgqr fouezrk ls crk;k Fkk fd bl {ks=k esa ouksa dk] ikuh dk vPNk dke xkao [kqn gh dj pqds gSaµ fcuk ckgjh] fons'kh ;k ljdkjh enn dsA rc ;gka bu 90 djksM+ #i;ksa ls vkSj D;k dke djus tk jgs gSa vki\ Hkjkslk u gks rks dqN vPNs vfèkdkfj;ksa dk ,d ny ;gka Hksatsa] mlls tkap djok ysa vkSj ;fn gekjh ckr lgh yxs rks Ñi;k bl ;kstuk dks ;gka ls okil ys ysaA 'kk;n ns'k esa igyh ckj gh ,slk gqvk gksxk fd lpeqp ou foHkkx dk ,d ny ;gka vk;k vkSj bl {ks=k esa igys ls gh yxs] iuis vkSj ikys x, lqanj ?kus ouksa dks ns[kdj u flQZ pqipki ykSV x;k] cfYd vius lkFk 90 djksM+ dh ;kstuk Hkh lesV ys x;kA ouksa ds xkao] fgeky; ds dqN FkksM+s ls xkao r; dj ysa rks os fcuk ckgjh enn] fons'kh iSls] ljdkjh iSls ds vius vkSj vius FkksM+s ls 'kqHkfpardksa ds lgkjs ls dksbZ ,d 'krkCnh dh xyfr;ksa dks 20 o"kks± esa lqèkkj dj fdruk cM+k dke [kM+k dj fn[kk ldrs gSaA blesa dsoy mÙkjk[kaM gh ugha] lHkh ioZrh; {ks=kksa ds lqèkkj ds cht fNis gSaA ioZr tSls bl lkè; dks ikus ds fy, nwèkkrksyh yksd fodkl laLFkku ds dk;ZdÙkkZvksa us lkèkuksa ds lacaèk esa Hkh ,d vyx gh lkèkuk dh gSA 136 xkaoksa esa ,slk lqanj dke djus okyh laLFkk esa dsoy ikap dk;ZdrkZ gSaA izeq[k gSa Jh lfPpnkuan HkkjrhA ;s mQjSa[kky ds baVj dkWyst esa f'k{kd gSaA osru f'k{kk foHkkx ls feyrk gSA cPpksa dks izse ls i<+krs gSa vkSj cps gq, le; esa iwjs le; gh lekt lsok djrs gSaA Hkkjrh us f'k{kk dks] lekt dh lsok dh f'k{kk dks lpeqp NksVs ls Ldwy dh pkjnhokjh ls ckgj fudky iwjh iV~Vh esa uhps ?kkfV;ksa ls ysdj Åij dh pksfV;ksa rd QSyk;k gSA nwljs dk;ZdrkZ Jh fnus'k gSaA laLFkk ds vc ;s ea=kh gSaA ;s mQjSa[kky xkao esa gh nokvksa dh ,d NksVh&lh nqdku pykrs gSaA tc Hkh 55

lekt dk] laLFkk dk dke vkrk gS] os nok dh nqdku dk 'kVj fxjkdj lsok dk }kj [kksy ysrs gSaA os Hkh laLFkk ls osru ugha ysrsA rhljs dk;ZdÙkkZ gSa Jh nhun;kythA os thfodk ds fy, Mkfd, dk dke djrs gSaA Mkd Hkh ckaVrs gSa vkSj lkFk&lkFk nwèkkrksyh laLFkku ds ekè;e ls yksxksa dk nq[k nnZ Hkh ckaV ysrs gSaA vius {ks=k esa i;kZoj.k ds laoèkZu dh ikrh] fpV~Bh Hkh nwj&nwj iSny igqapkrs gSaA vkSj mudh bl ikrh dks lc i<+rs gSaA pkSFks gSa foØethA ;s Hkh xkao MqyeksV esa viuh iSr`d iulkjh nqdku dk dke ns[krs gSaA ikaposa gSa gfjflagthA ;s [ksrh djrs gSaA vkSj fQj dksbZ lkS xkaoksa esa QSys gSa laLFkk ds Lo;alsodA budh la[;k gksxh yxHkx ,d gtkjA buesa mu efgykvksa dh la[;k dksbZ ikap lkS gksxh tks lqcg ls 'kke rd [kkadj ysdj vius ouksa dh j[kokyh djrh gSaA laLFkk ds [kpZ] brus cM+s dke ds fy, lkèku tqVkus esa Hkh Hkkjrh us igys gh fnu ls fons'kh iSlk u ysus dk fu;e iDdk dj fy;k FkkA vkSj Hkh lektlsoh laLFkk,a ,slk djrh gSaA fQj le; ds lkFk&lkFk t:jr vk iM+us ij fu;e dks rksM+ Hkh ysrh gSaA nwèkkrksyh esa ;g fu;e vHkh rd VwVk ugha gSA lkèkuksa dks tqVkus vkSj mUgsa bruh fdQk;r ls [kpZ djus dk vlj nwljksa ij Hkh iM+rk gSA laLFkk jftLVMZ gSA gj o"kZ mls viuh vkenuh vkSj [kpZ dk vkWfMV djuk iM+rk gSA ysfdu bl dke dks djus okys vkWfMVj bl laLFkk ds fy, viuh lsok,a fu'kqYd nsrs gSaA laLFkk Hkh iwjh vkWfMV fjiksVZ vius {ks=k ds NksVs&cM+s v[kckjksa esa forfjr dj nsrh gSA os bls Nkidj lkoZtfud cuk nsrs gSaA lkoZtfud dke dh tkudkjh lkoZtfud gks tkrh gSA bl {ks=k ds ;s xkao dksbZ 4000 QqV ls 7000 QqV dh ÅapkbZ ij cls gSaA lky Hkj ekSle [kwc BaMk jgrk gSA BaM ds ekSle esa vfèkdka'k Hkkx cQZ dh pknj ls <ad tkrk gSA ,sls BaMs {ks=kksa esa ouLifr dk foLrkj Hkh cgqr èkhjs&èkhjs gksrk gSA vkSj dherh mitkÅ feêh Hkh èkhjs&èkhjs gh cu ikrh gSA ysfdu rh[kh <ykuksa ds dkj.k o"kkZ ds ekSle esa bl dherh feêh dks uhps eSnku dh vksj cgus esa tjk Hkh nsjh ugha yxrhA rst cgrk ikuh vius lkFk vkSj Hkh rsth ls feêh dkVdj] cgkdj ys tkrk gSA ,sls esa feêh vkSj ikuh dk laj{k.k nks&pkj lky dk ugha] dqN lfn;ksa dk dke cu tkrk gSA 56

nwèkkrksyh dk ;g dke blfy, cgqr gh èkhjt ds lkFk [kM+k fd;k x;k gSA blesa y{; la[;k] vkadM+ksa ;k iSlksa] #i;ksa dk ugha] pqipki dke dk j[kk x;k gSA blfy, nwèkkrksyh dk ;g ny 'kk;n gh dHkh viuk {ks=k NksM+ ckgj fudy ikrk gSA ckgj ds yksx] dqN fe=k] 'kqHkfpard ;gka dHkh&dHkh gh vk ikrs gSaA rc mudk cgqr gh vkReh; Lokxr gksrk gSA nsoiwtu esa dke vkus okyh iSa;k dh iÙkh dh lknh ysfdu HkO; ekyk esa cqjkal dk ,dkèk Qwy iwjs xkao dh vkfrF; Hkkouk dks vkuan esa cny nsrk gSA [ksr vkSj ouksa ds Qwy f'kfojksa dks u, <ax ls jax nsrs gSaA laxhr VqdM+h dk Loj] <ksy uxkM+s] j.kflaxs iwjh ?kkVh esa xwatus yxrs gSaA feêh vkSj ikuh dks ^ijnsl* tkus ls jksdus ds fy,A eè;izns'k 'kklu us lu~ nks gtkj X;kjg dk viuk izfrf"Br jk"Vªh; egkRek xkaèkh lEeku nwèkkrksyh yksd fodkl laLFkku dks iznku fd;k gSA mlh volj ij fy[kk x;k ys[kA

vdsys ugha vkrs ck<+ vkSj vdky vkt ls dksbZ lkS cjl iqjkuh ?kVuk gSA og ?kVuk ;fn ?kVh u gksrh rks

'kk;n ge vkt ;gka ,d=k Hkh u gks ikrsA lu~ 1910 dk fdLlk gSA jktsUnz ckcw rc dydÙkk esa odkyr i<+ jgs FksA ;gka ,d fnu mUgsa ml nkSj ds izfl) cSfjLVj Jh ijes'oj yky us cqyk;k FkkA os dqN le; igys gh xks[kysth ls feys FksA ckrphr esa xks[kysth us muls dgk Fkk fd os ;gka ds nks&pkj gksugkj Nk=kksa ls feyuk pkgrs gSaA ijes'ojth us lgt gh jktsUnz ckcw dk uke lq>k fn;k FkkA jktsUnz ckcw xks[kysth ls feyus x,] vius ,d fe=k JhÑ".k izlkn ds lkFkA los±V~l vkWQ bafM;k lkslk;Vh dh LFkkiuk vHkh dqN gh fnu igys gqbZ FkhA xks[kysth ml dke ds fy, gj txg dqN vPNs ;qodksa dh ryk'k esa FksA mUgsa ;g tkudkjh ijes'ojth ls fey xbZ Fkh fd ;s cM+s 'kkunkj fo|kFkhZ gSaA odkyr mu fnuksa ,slk is'kk Fkk tks izfr"Bk vkSj iSlk ,d lkFk nsus yxk FkkA bl èkaèks esa ljLorh vkSj y{eh tqM+oka cguksa dh rjg vk feyrh FkhaA dksbZ Ms<+ ?kaVs pyh bl igyh gh eqykdkr esa jktsUnz ckcw ls Jh xks[kys us lkjh ckrksa ds ckn vkf[kj esa dgk Fkk] ßgks ldrk gS rqEgkjh odkyr [kwc py fudysA cgqr #i, rqe iSnk dj ldksA cgqr vkjke vkSj ,s'k&b'kjr esa fnu fcrkvksA cM+h dksBh] ?kksM+k&xkM+h bR;kfn fn[kkoV dk lkeku lc tqV tk,A vkSj pwafd rqe i<+us esa vPNs gks rks blfy, rqe ij og nkok vkSj Hkh vfèkd gSAÞ xks[kysth FkksM+k #d x, FksA dqN {k.kksa ds ml lékVs us Hkh jktsUnz ckcw ds eu esa u tkus fdruh mFky&iqFky iSnk dh gksxhA os fQj cksyus yxs% ßesjs lkeus Hkh ;gh loky vk;k Fkk] ,slh gh mej esaA eSa Hkh 58

,d lkèkkj.k xjhc ?kj dk csVk FkkA ?kj ds yksxksa dks eq>ls cgqr cM+h&cM+h mEehnsa FkhaA mUgsa yxrk Fkk fd eSa i<+dj rS;kj gks tkÅaxk] #i, dekÅaxk vkSj lcdks lq[kh cuk ldwaxkA ij eaSus mu lcdh vk'kkvksa ij ikuh Qsj dj ns'klsok dk ozr ys fy;kA esjs HkkbZ brus nq[kh gq, fd dqN fnuksa rd rks os eq>ls cksys rd ughaA gks ldrk gS ;gh lc rqEgkjs lkFk Hkh gksA ij fo'okl j[kuk fd lc yksx var esa rqEgkjh iwtk djus yxsaxsAÞ Jh xks[kys ds eq[k ls ekuks ,d vkdk'kok.kh&lh gqbZ FkhA ckn dk fdLlk yack gSA yach gS jktsUnz ckcw ds eu esa dbZ fnuksa rd pys la?k"kZ dh dgkuh vkSj ?kj esa eps dksgjke dh] jksus&èkksus dh] csVs ds lkèkq cu tkus dh vk'kadk dhA ;g ?kVuk ugha gqbZ gksrh rks vkt vkdk'kok.kh ds bl dk;ZØe ds fufeÙk vknj.kh; jktsUnz izlknth dh ikou Le`fr esa mudks iz.kke djus dk lkSHkkX; gesa ugha fey ikrkA bl fdLls ls ,slk u eku ysa ge yksx fd os vxys gh fnu viuk lc dqN NksM+ ns'k lsok esa mrj iM+s FksA Jh xks[kys [kqn cM+s mnkj FksA mUgksaus ml fnu dgk Fkk fd ßBhd blh le; mÙkj nsuk t:jh ugha gSA loky xgjk gSA fQj ,d ckj vkSj feysaxs] rc viuh jk; crkukAÞ vxys nl ckjg fnuksa dk o.kZu ugha fd;k tk ldrkA HkkbZ lkFk gh jgrs FksA buds O;ogkj esa vk jgs cnyko os ns[k gh jgs FksA jktsUnz ckcw us dksVZ tkuk can dj fn;k FkkA u Bhd ls [kkrs&ihrs] u fdlh ls feyrs&tqyrs FksA fQj ,d fnu fgEer tqVkbZA ,d i=k] dkQh cM+k i=k] HkkbZ dks fy[kk vkSj ?kj NksM+us dh vkKk ekaxhA i=k rks fy[k fn;k ij lhèks mUgsa nsrs ugha cukA lks ,d 'kke tc HkkbZ Vgyus ds fy, x, Fks] rc mls muds fcLrjs ij j[k [kqn Hkh ckgj Vgyus pys x,A HkkbZ us ykSVdj i=k ns[kkA vkSj vc [kqn jktsUnz ckcw dks ryk'kus yxsA tc os ckgj dgha fey x, rks HkkbZ cqjh rjg ls fyiV dj jksus yxsA jktsUnz ckcw Hkh vius dks jksd ugha ik,A nksuksa QwV&QwV dj jksrs jgsA T;knk ckrphr dh fgEer ugha Fkh fQj Hkh r; gqvk fd dydÙkk ls xkao tkuk pkfg,A eka] pkph vkSj cgu dks lc crkuk gksxkA 59

jktsUnz ckcw dks vc yx x;k Fkk fd ns'k izse vkSj ?kj izse esa ?kj dk otu T;knk Hkkjh iM+ jgk gSA os bruh vklkuh ls bl izse caèku dks dkV ugha ik,axsA xks[kysth vHkh ogha FksA jktsUnz ckcw ,d ckj vkSj muls HksaV djus x,A lkjh ifjfLFkfr crkbZA xks[kysth us Hkh mUgsa ikus dh vk'kk NksM+ nhA xkao igqapus dk fdLlk rks vkSj Hkh fofp=k gSA pkjksa rjQ jksuk&èkksukA cph&[kqph fgEer Hkh VwV xbZ FkhA os tSls Fks oSls gh cu x,A fQj ls yxk fd iqjkuh ftanxh iVjh ij okil vkus yxh gSA ij ml fnu rks vkdk'kok.kh gqbZ FkhA og >wBh dSls iM+rh\ ;gh odkyr mUgsa vkus okys fnuksa esa] ikap&Ng cjl ckn paikj.k ys xbZA ogka mu ij] muds thou ij uhy dk jax p<+kA uhy dk jax ;kus xkaèkhth ds pEikj.k vkanksyu dk jaxA ;g jax bruk pks[kk p<+k fd og fQj dHkh mrjk gh ughaA xkaèkh jax esa jaxs jktsUnz ckcw fQj fcuk fdlh in dh bPNk ds ns'k Hkj ?kwers jgs vkSj lkoZtfud thou ds {ks=k esa ftruh rjg dh leL;k,a vkrh gSa] muds gy ds fy, vius iwjs eu ds lkFk ru vfiZr djrs jgs vkSj tgka t:jr fn[kh ogka èku Hkh tqVkrs&ckaVrs jgsA mu leL;kvksa dh] mu fo"k;ksa dh fxurh fxukuk dfBu dke gSA vkt rks ge nks fo"k;ksa ij] nks leL;kvksa ij gh dqN ckrsa djsaxsA ;s gSa ck<+ vkSj vdkyA ikuh ds LoHkko ds ;s nks Nksj gSaA ,d esa] ck<+ esa pkjksa rjQ ikuh gh ikuh gS vkSj nwljs esa gj dgha ikuh dk vHkko gh vHkko gSA jktsUnz ckcw us buesa ls tks Hkh leL;k lkeus vkbZ] ckdh gkFk ds dkeksa dks xkS.k ekudj lcls igys bUgha ij è;ku fn;kA ysfdu blds foLrkj esa tkus ls igys ge tjk vkt dk lanHkZ Hkh nqgjk ysaA ikap jkT;ksa esa pquko gks jgs gSaA vk, fnu ge ns[krs gSa fdlh dks fdlh jktuSfrd ny us viuk mEehnokj ugha cuk;k rks mlus xqLls esa vkdj ny NksM+ fn;kA fdlh us fujk'k gksdj vkRegR;k dj yh rks fdlh us ml ny dh ,slh cf[k;k mèksM+ nh] mlds brus lkjs nks"k] voxq.k fxuk Mkys fd lquus&i<+us okys dks vpjt gksus yxs fd ;s vc rd ml ne?kksaVw lalkj esa 60

lkal dSls ys jgs FksA blds ihNs ,d èkkj.kk ;g cu xbZ gS fd eq>s dksbZ in ugha feysxk rks ns'k dh lsok dSls gks ik,xh eq>ls! bl fofp=k èkkj.kk dks ikyus&ikslus vkSj vkxs c<+kus esa lkjs nyµ muds lnL; èkeZ] fyax] tkfr] vxM+s&fiNM+s lHkh esa xtc dh lgefr fn[krh gSA ,sls esa gesa jktsUnz ckcw ds dqN fopkj vkt ,d ckj fQj nqgjk ysus pkfg,A ;g izlax vkt ls dksbZ 93 cjl igys dk gSA la;ksx ls rc Hkh eghuk uoacj dk gh FkkA volj Fkk dkSafly vkSj vlsEcyh ds pqukoksa dkA NksVh&NksVh ckrksa ij rc ds cM+s&cM+s ukeksa rd esa erHksn gh ugha] euHksn ds Hkh dM+os fdLls lkeus vkus yxs FksA D;k ,slh gh uhao ij] detksj uhao ij vktknh ds ckn dh nyxr jktuhfr dk egy ugha cu jgk Fkk\ jktsUnz ckcw us ml le; viuk eu etcwr dj ^ns'k* uked v[kckj esa ,d ys[k fy[kk FkkA mls mUgha ds lkfFk;ksa us ilan ugha fd;k FkkA mUgha ds 'kCnksa dks ;gka nqgjk ysuk pkfg,% ßtc ns'k ds LFkku ij ge fdlh tkfr&fo'ks"k vFkok èkeZ fo'ks"k vFkok ny fo'ks"k dks fcBkuk pkgrs gSa] rc bl rjg dh yM+kbZ gq, fcuk ugha jg ldrhA ßns'k lsodksa ds fy, ,d gh jkLrk gS fd de ls de rc rd] tc rd ns'k iw.kZ:is.k Lora=k ugha gks tkrk] os fdlh LFkku] in] vFkok izfr"Bku ds fy, ykykf;r u gksa vkSj dsoy lsok dks gh è;s; cukdj dke djrs tk,aAÞ bl ys[k esa os vkxs fy[krs gSa% ßeSa bldks izoapuk ek=k ekurk gwa] tc dksbZ ;g lksprk vkSj dgrk gS fd lsok djus ds fy, mls fdlh in fo'ks"k dh vko';drk gS rFkk ml in ds fcuk og lsok ugha gh dj ldrkAÞ bl ,sfrgkfld ys[k ds var esa os dgrs gSa% ßlsod ds fy, ges'kk txg [kkyh iM+h jgrh gSA mEehnokjksa dh HkhM+ lsok ds fy, ugha gqvk djrhA HkhM+ rks lsok ds Qy ds caVokjs ds fy, yxk djrh gSA ftldk è;s; dsoy lsok gS] lsok dk Qy ugha gS] mldks bl èkDdk&eqDdh esa tkus dh vkSj bl gksM+ esa iM+us dh dksbZ t:jr ugha gSAÞ 61

tehu ij ;g lc gks jgk Fkk vkSj mèkj vkleku ls Hkh ,d Hk;kud foifÙk mrj vkbZ FkhA vkf'ou ds eghus esa fcgkj ds Nijk ftys esa ,d fnu ?ku?kksj cjlkr gqbZA pkSchl ?kaVksa esa yxHkx NÙkhl bap o"kkZ gqbZA urhtk ;g gqvk fd iwjk ftyk Hk;kud ck<+ esa Mwc x;kA ogka ds ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa us yksxksa dh bl eqlhcr esa cgqr gh mnklhurk vkSj mis{kk dk Hkko fn[kk;kA rc vkt dh rjg <sj lkjs v[kckj] fnu&jkr fujFkZd [kcjsa cgkus okys <sj lkjs Vsfyfotu pSuy rks Fks ughaA ij tks Hkh FkksM+s ls v[kckj Nirs Fks] lHkh us ;g ckr fy[kh fd tc yksx] ?kj] xkao] [ksr] eos'kh ikuh esa Mwc jgs Fks] =kkfg&=kkfg iqdkj jgs Fks] ,sls esa Hkh dqN vfèkdkjh&deZpkjh ukoksa esa p<+dj ^f>jf>jh* [ksy jgs FksA f>jf>jh ,d rjg ls yqdkfNih dk [ksy gksrk gSA Mwcrs yksxksa dks] ;gka rd fd fL=k;ksa vkSj cPpkas dks Hkh cpkus esa bu vfèkdkfj;ksa us dksbZ enn ugha dhA yksx Mwcrs jgs] iz'kklu yqdkfNih gh [ksyrk jgkA ,slh Hk;adj ifjfLFkfr esa ,d vaxzst U;k;kèkh'k vkSj ,d Hkkjrh; miU;k;kèkh'k us [kwc enn dh yksxksa dhA jktsUnz ckcw tSls 'kkyhu O;fDr viuh vkRedFkk esa ml fnu dk o.kZu djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd dysDVj vkSj iqfyl ds vQlj rFkk fMIVh eftLVªsV ^Vl ls el* ugha gq,A ljdkj ds ,sls ?k`f.kr O;ogkj dks ysdj vxys fnu ck<+ ds ikuh ds chp gh Nijk esa ,d fo'kky lkoZtfud lHkk gqbZ vkSj mlesa ljdkj dh [kqys vke fuUnk dh xbZ vkSj lkFk gh enn nsus vkxs vk, yksxksa dh [kwc iz'kalk Hkh gqbZ vkSj mu lcds izfr ÑrKrk izdV dh xbZ FkhA nsgkrksa dk gky rks vkSj Hkh cqjk FkkA mu fnuksa Nijk ls e'kjd rd tkus okyh jsy ykbu ds dkj.k ck<+ dk lkjk ikuh vkxs cgus ds cnys ,d cM+s Hkkx esa QSy x;k Fkk vkSj ihNs ls vkus okyh fo'kky èkkjk mldk Lrj yxkrkj mBkrs tk jgh FkhA yksxksa dks blls cpus dk ,d gh jkLrk fn[kk Fkk % jsyos ykbu dkV nsuk vkSj p<+rs ikuh dks vkxs ds HkwHkkx esa QSyus nsuk rkfd ;gka dqN lkal yh tk ldsA ij dysDVj us mudh ,d u lquhA vkSj rks vkSj ,slh gh rckgh epk jgh vU; jsyos ykbuksa ij l'kL=k igjk fcBk fn;k x;k FkkA lhoku ds ikl ,d ,slh 62

gh txg cgqr ikuh tek gks x;k FkkA xkao okyksa us rc [kqn gh ml jsy ykbu dks dkVuk r; dj fy;kA ij lkeus l'kL=k iqfyl ns[k mudh fgEer u iM+hA jktsUnz ckcw bldk o.kZu djrs gq, fy[krs gSa % ßd"V lgrs x, yksxA ij tc og cnkZ'r ls ckgj gks x;k rks nks&pkj vkneh daèks ij dqnky j[kdj ikuh esa rSjrs gq, jsy ykbu dh rjQ c<+sA iqfyl us mUgsa ns[kk vkSj mudks èkedk;kA mUgksaus tokc fn;k fd ikuh esa Mwc dj rks ge ej gh jgs gSa vkSj rqe ykbu ugha dkVus nsrsA vc rd geus cnkZ'r fd;kA vc vkSj cnkZ'r ugha dj ldrsA ejuk nksuksa gkyr esa gSA Mwc dj ejsa ;k xksyh [kkdj ejsaA geus fu'p; dj fy;k gS fd xksyh [kkdj ejuk csgrj gSA ge ykbu dkVsaxs] rqe xksyh ekjksAÞ cgrs ikuh esa ;s cgknqj yksx rSjrs gq, etcwr ckaèk dh rjg mBh gqbZ ml jsy ykbu ij vius n`<+&fu'p; ls dqnky pykrs x,A iqfyl dh fgEer ugha gqbZ xksyh pykus dhA ykbu vHkh FkksM+h&lh gh dV ikbZ Fkh fd ihNs Hkj jgs ikuh dh rkdr us yksxksa ds ladYi esa lkFk fn;k vkSj ykbu HkM+kd ls VwVh vkSj fo'kky ck<+ dk ikuh mls fdlh fruds dh rjg vius lkFk u tkus dgka cgk ys x;kA ihNs ds vusd xkao iwjh rjg ls Mwcus ls cp x, FksA ckn esa iqfyl okyksa us Hkh fjiksVZ esa fy[kk fd ck<+ ds ncko ls gh jsy ykbu dV xbZ FkhA bl lkjh foifÙk esa jktsUnz ckcw vkSj os ftl ny ls tqM+s Fks mlds vufxur dk;ZdÙkkZvksa us fnu jkr dke fd;k FkkA Nijk dh ml ck<+ esa fdlh cM+s vfèkdkjh us ;gka rd dg fn;k Fkk fd ;s lkjh f'kdk;rsa ysdj esjs ikl D;ksa vk, gks] tkvks] tkvks xkaèkh ds ikl tkvksA vkSj xkaèkh dk eryc dkaxzsl ds yksx] vkSj mlesa Hkh jktsUnz ckcw gksrk FkkA bu lc nq[kn izlaxksa ls jktsUnz ckcw us ns[kk Fkk fd ck<+ vkSj lkFk gh vdky vdsys ugha vkrsA buls igys lekt esa vkSj Hkh cgqr dqN ,slk gksrk gS tks gksuk ugha pkfg,A ;g lc dHkh èkhjs&èkhjs rks dHkh cM+h rsth ls gksrk gSA xfr tks Hkh gks] lekt ds uhfr fuèkkZjdksa] lapkydksa vkSj usr`Ro dk è;ku bu ckrksa dh rjQ tk ugha ikrk vkSj fQj ck<+ ;k vdky lkeus vk [kM+k gks tkrk gSA 63

cqjs dkeksa dh ck<+ vk tkrh gSA fcuk ikuh dk LoHkko le>s fodkl ds uke ij dbZ rjg ds dke gksrs jgrs gSaA ;g fdlh ,d dky[kaM dh ckr ugha gSA nqHkkZX; ls lc le; esa ,slh xyfr;ka nqgjkbZ tkrh jgrh gSaA rks ,d rjQ izÑfr] i;kZoj.k ds f[kykQ ys tkus okys dkeksa dh ck<+ vk tkrh gS rks nwljh rjQ vPNs dkeksa dk vdky iM+us yxrk gSA vPNs fopkjksa dk vdky iM+us yxrk gSA jktsUnz ckcw ds tekus esa mu bykdksa esa vaxzstksa dh O;kikfjd uhfr;ksa ;k dgsa vuhfr;ksa ds dkj.k cM+h rsth ls jsy dh ykbusa fcNkbZ xbZ FkhaA jsy ykbu muds O;kikj vkSj 'kklu ds fy, Hkh cM+h [kkl pht cu xbZ FkhA blfy, mls vklikl dh tehu ls Åapk mBkdj j[kuk t:jh FkkA vkt yksx bl ckr dks Hkwy pqds gSa fd dHkh gekjs ns'k esa QSy jgk jsy O;oLFkk dk ;g tky vaxzst ljdkj ds Hkh gkFkksa esa ugha FkkA og dqN futh vaxzsth daifu;ksa dh tsc esa FkkA [kqn jktsUnz ckcw viuh vkRedFkk esa bl nq[kn izlax esa fy[krs gSa fd ßjsy&ykbuksa ds dkj.k ck<+ dh Hk;adjrk c<+ tkrh gSA vius lwcs esa fiNys rhl cjlksa esa] ftruh cM+h vkSj Hk;adj ck<+sa vkbZ gSa] lcdk eq>s dkQh vuqHko gSA esjk ;g n`<+ fopkj gS fd jsyos ykbu vkSj fMfLVªDV dksVZ dh rFkk nwljh Åaph lM+dsa ck<+ ds dkj.kksa esa izeq[k gSaA ;fn buesa txg&txg dkQh la[;k esa pkSM+s iqy cus jgrs rks gkyr ,slh u gksrhA--- ij ;gka rks jsy dh daifu;ksa ds equkQs ij gh vfèkd è;ku j[kk tkrk gSA mudks iqy cuokus ds fy, etcwj ugha fd;k tkrk] ykbu dkVuk rks nwj dh ckr gSA--- ch-,u-MCyw- jsyos us bl ekeys esa cgqr datwliu fn[kyk;k gSA ;|fi vc mlesa dbZ txg iqy cus gSa] rFkkfi vc Hkh cgqr ls ,sls LFkku gSa] tgka iqy dh t:jr gSA mlus tks iqy cuok, gSa] os turk ds d"V nwj djus ds [;ky ls ugha vius equkQs ds [;ky ls( D;ksafd tc rd dsoy turk ds d"V dh ckr jgh] ,d u lquh xbZ( ij tc izÑfr us ykbu dks bl rjg rksM+k fd eghuksa jsy pyuk can gks x;k rks mlus etcwju dbZ iqy cuok fn,AÞ lu~ 1937 rd vkrs&vkrs rks ml cM+s Hkw&Hkkx dh gkyr ,slh gks xbZ Fkh fd fcgkj ds jkT;iky us ml o"kZ ck<+ dh leL;k dks ysdj ,d cM+k 64

lEesyu iVuk esa cqyk;k FkkA blesa jktsUnz ckcw dks Hkh Hkkx ysus dk fuea=k.k Hkstk x;k FkkA [kqn jkT;iky us vius eq[; Hkk"k.k esa ck<+ ds vkus ds tks dbZ dkj.k crk, tkrs gSa] izÑfr ds fo#) tkus ds tks vusd cqjs dke fd, tkrs gSa] mu lcdk o.kZu djrs gq, Jksrkvksa ls ekQh rd ekaxh Fkh fd muds Hkk"k.k dk ,d cM+k Hkkx ldkjkRed gksus ds cnys dkQh dqN udkjkRed&lk gks x;k Fkk! jktsUnz ckcw vpkud vLoLFk gks x, FksA os ml lEesyu esa Hkkx ugha ys ik,A ysfdu mUgksaus bl fo"k; ij ,d cM+h fVIi.kh fy[kdj Hksth FkhA lEesyu esa bls ml fnu Jh vuqxzg ukjk;.k flUgkth us i<+dj lquk;k FkkA o"kkZ rks gj lky gksrh gh gSA iwjs ns'k esaA dgha de] dgha T;knk] dgha cgqr T;knk HkhA ij bu fofHké txgksa esa jgus okys lekt us vius o"kks± ds vuqHko ls bl de&T;knk o"kkZ ds lkFk viuk thou dSls <kyuk gSµ ;g Bhd ls lh[k fy;k FkkA ,d rjQ rks gS tSlyesj] tgka o"kkZ dk vkadM+k bapksa esa ckr djsa rks o"kZ Hkj esa 6 bap ls Åij ugha tkrk rks nwljh rjQ geus ns[kk fd fcgkj ds Nijk esa ek=k ,d fnu esa 36 bap o"kkZ gks xbZ FkhA fQj mÙkj&iwoZ esa gekjs ,d izns'k dk rks uke gh es?kksa dk ?kj j[kk x;k gSA bu lHkh txg ds lektksa us ihf<+;ksa ds vuqHko ls] vius vklikl ds ekSle] èkjrh] gok] isM+] ikSèks vkSj ogka ds i'kqvksa rd ds lkFk vkReh; lacaèk cuk fy, FksA vkt ge ns[krs gSa fd tyuhfr;ka cukbZ tkus yxh gSaA igys ,slk ugha gksrk FkkA lekt viuk ,d tyn'kZu cukrk Fkk vkSj mls dkxt ij u Nki dj yksxksa ds eu esa mdsj nsrk FkkA lekt ds lnL; mls vius thou dh jhr cuk ysrs FksA fQj ;g jhr vklkuh ls VwVrh ugha FkhA tyuhfr;ka vkrh&tkrh ljdkjksa ds lkFk curh&fcxM+rh jgrh gSaA ij tyn'kZu cnyrk ughaA blh jhr ls ml {ks=k fo'ks"k dh Qlysa fdlku lekt r; dj ysrk FkkA flapkbZ ds fy, vius lkèku tqVk ysrk FkkA vHkh geus tSlk fcgkj ds lanHkZ esa ns[kk fd vaxzstksa us fcuk ml bykds dks le>s jsy dh iVfj;ka [kwc Åaph mBkdj fcNk nha vkSj xaxk vkSj vU; ufn;ksa ds fo'kky eSnku dks txg&txg jksd fy;kA ml cM+s Hkw&Hkkx esa ikuh dh csjksdVksd vkod&tkod ds fy, muus leqfpr izcaèk Hkh ugha 65

lkspk] mls djus dh ckr rks dkSu dgsA jsy ykbu esa fdrus varj ij cM+h&cM+h iqfy;k cuuh pkfg,µ bl ij muus è;ku ugha fn;kA de [kpZ esa T;knk equkQk [khap ysus dk dke fd;k vkSj ckn esa irk pyk fd ;g rks mudh viuh Hkk"kk] vaxzsth dh dgkor dh rjg ifj.kke ns jgk gSA dgkor gSµ iSuh okbZt] ikmaM Qqfy'kA iSlk cpkus esa gksf'k;kjh dh] ij #i;k xaok cSBsA tc vaxszt gekjs ;gka vk, Fks rks gekjs ns'k esa dksbZ flapkbZ foHkkx ugha FkkA dksbZ bathfu;j ugha Fkk] bathfu;fjax dh i<+kbZ ugha FkhA oSlh f'k{kk nsus okyk dksbZ fo|ky;] egkfo|ky; rd ugha FkkA flapkbZ dh f'k{kk ugha Fkh ij flapkbZ dk f'k{k.k gj txg Fkk vkSj lekt ml f'k{k.k dks vius eu esa latksdj j[krk Fkk vkSj ml f'k{k.k dks viuh tehu ij mrkjrk FkkA tc vaxzst ;gka vk, gSaµ ,d ckj fQj nqgjk ysa rc gekjs ;gka ,d Hkh flfoy bathfu;j ugha Fkk ij lpeqp d'ehj ls dU;kdqekjh rd] if'pe ls iwjc rd dksbZ 25 yk[k NksVs&cM+s rkykc FksA buls Hkh T;knk la[;k esa tehu dk LoHkko ns[kdj vufxur dqa, cuk, x, FksA o"kkZ dk ikuh rkykcksa esa dSls vk,xk] fdl rjg ds {ks=k ls] ;gka&ogka ls cgrk vk,xkµ mldk vkxkSj vuqHkoh vka[kksa ls uki fy;k tkrk FkkA fQj ;g ikuh lky Hkj dSls ihus dk ikuh tqVk,xk vkSj fdl rjg dh Qlyksa dks thou nsxkµ bl lcdh ckjhd ;kstuk dgha lSdM+ksa ehy nwj cSBs yksx ugha cukrs Fksµ ogha cls yksx ml {ks=k esa viuk cluk lkFkZd djrs FksA ;g ijaijk vkt Hkh iwjh rjg ls VwVh ugha gS] gka mldh izfr"Bk t:j fxj xbZ gS] u, i<+s&fy[ks lekt ds eu esaA ij gekjs bl i<+s&fy[ks lekt dks vkt ;g tkudj vpjt gksxk fd gekjs ns'k dh rduhdh f'k{kk] flfoy bathfu;fjax dh lkjh vkèkqfud f'k{kk dh uhao esa ;s vui<+ ekuk x;k] vui<+ crk fn;k x;k lekt gh izeq[k FkkA vkt cgqr de yksx ;g crk ik,axs fd gekjs ns'k esa igyk bathfu;fjax dkWyst dgka vkSj dc [kqyk FkkA bls la{ksi esa nqgjk ysuk pkfg,A ns'k dk igyk bathfu;fjax dkWyst [kqyk Fkk gfj}kj ds ikl #M+dh uked ,d NksVs&ls xkao esaA vkSj lu~ Fkk 1847A rc bZLV bafM;k daiuh dk jkt 66

FkkA fczrkuh ljdkj Hkh ugha vkbZ FkhA daiuh dk ?kksf"kr y{; ns'k esa O;kikj FkkA iz'kklu] ;k yksd dY;k.k ughaA O;kikj Hkh f'k"V 'kCn gSA daiuh rks ywVus ds fy, gh cuh FkhA ,sls esa bZLV bafM;k daiuh ns'k esa mPp f'k{kk ds >aMs Hkyk D;ksa xkM+rhA og fdLlk yack gSA vkt mls ;gka iwjk crkuk t:jh ugha ij bruk rks dgk gh tk ldrk gS fd ml nkSj esa vkt ds if'peh mÙkj izns'k dk ;g Hkkx ,d Hk;kud vdky ls xqtj jgk FkkA vdky dk ,d dkj.k Fkk o"kkZ dk de gksukA ij vPNs dkeksa vkSj vPNs fopkjksa dk vdky igys gh vk pqdk Fkk vkSj blds ihNs ,d cM+k dkj.k Fkk bZLV bafM;k daiuh dh vuhfr;kaA lkSHkkX; ls ml {ks=k esa] rc mls ukWFkZ osLVuZ izkfoalsl dgk tkrk Fkk] ,d cM+s gh lân; vaxszt vfèkdkjh dke dj jgs FksA Åaps in ij FksA os ogka ds mijkT;iky FksA uke Fkk mudk Jh tsEl FkkWeluA yksxksa dks vdky esa ejrs ns[k muls jgk ugha x;kA mUgksaus bZLV bafM;k daiuh ds funs'kdksa dks ,d i=k fy[k bl {ks=k esa ,d cM+h ugj dks cukus dk izLrko j[kk FkkA Åij ls ml i=k dk dksbZ tokc rd ugha vk;kA 'kk;n i=k feyus dh lwpuk] igqap rd ugha vkbZA FkkWelu us fQj ,d i=k fy[kkA bl ckj fQj ogh gqvkA dksbZ tokc ughaA rc tsEl FkkWelu us rhljs i=k esa viuh ;kstuk esa ikuh vkSj vdky] yksxksa ds d"Vksa ds cnys O;kikj dh] equkQs dh ped MkyhA mUgksaus fglkc fy[kk fd blesa brus #i, yxkus ls brus T;knk #i, flapkbZ ds dj dh rjg fey tk,axsA bZLV bafM;k daiuh dh vka[kksa esa ped vk xbZA equkQk feysxk rks BhdA cukvksA ij cuk,xk dkSu\ dksbZ bathfu;j rks gS ugha daiuh ds iklA FkkWelu us daiuh dks vk'oLr fd;k Fkk fd ;gka xkaoksa ds yksx bls cuk ysaxsA dksbZ ,sjh&xSjh] NksVh&eksVh ;kstuk ugha Fkh ;gA gfj}kj ds ikl xaxk ls ,d ugj fudky dj mls dksbZ 200 fdyksehVj rd ds bykds esa QSykuk FkkA ;g u flQZ vius ns'k dh ,d igyh cM+h flapkbZ ;kstuk Fkh] nqfu;k ds dbZ vU; ns'kksa esa Hkh ml le; ,slk dksbZ dke gqvk ugha FkkA 67

foLr`r ;kstuk dk foLrkj ls o.kZu ;gka ugha djuk gSA cl bruk gh crkuk gS fd og ;kstuk [kwc vPNs <ax ls iwjh gqbZA rc FkkWelu us daiuh ls bldh lQyrk dks ns[krs gq, bl {ks=k esa blh ugj ds fdukjs #M+dh bathfu;fjax dkWyst [kksyus dk Hkh izLrko j[kkA bls Hkh eku fy;k x;k D;ksafd FkkWelu us bl izLrko esa Hkh cM+h dq'kyrk ls daiuh dks ;kn fnyk;k Fkk fd bl dkWyst ls fudys Nk=k ckn esa vkids lkezkT; dk foLrkj djus esa ennxkj gksaxsA ;g Fkk lu~ 1847 esa cuk ns'k dk igyk bathfu;fjax dkWystA ns'k dk gh ugha] ,f'k;k dk Hkh ;g igyk dkWyst Fkk] bl fo"k; dks i<+kus okykA vkSj vkxs c<+sa rks ;g Hkh tkuus yk;d rF; gS fd rc baXySaM esa Hkh bl rjg dk dksbZ dkWyst ugha FkkA #M+dh ds bl dkWyst esa dqN lky ckn baXySaM ls Hkh Nk=kksa dk ,d ny ;gka i<+us ds fy, Hkstk x;k Fkk! rks bl dkWyst dh uhao esa gekjk vui<+ crk fn;k x;k lekt etcwrh ls flj mBk, [kM+k gSA og rc Hkh ugha fn[kk Fkk vU; yksxksa dks vkSj vkt rks ge mls fiNM+k crk dj mlds fodkl dh cgqfoèk dksf'k'k esa yxs gSaA bl izlax ds var esa ;g Hkh crk nsuk pkfg, fd 1847 esa dkWyst [kqyus ls igys ogka cuh og yach ugj vkt Hkh if'pe mÙkj izns'k ds [ksrksa esa xaxk dk ikuh flapkbZ ds fy, forfjr djrh tk jgh gSA vkt #M+dh bathfu;fjax dkWyst dks 'kklu us vkSj Åapk ntkZ nsdj mls vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh- #M+dh cuk fn;k gSA dkWyst dk ntkZ rks mBk gS ij nqHkkZX; ls dkWyst ftu yksxksa ds dkj.k cuk] ftuds dkj.k og fo'kky flapkbZ ;kstuk tehu ij mrjh] ftu yksxksa us vaxzstksa ds vkus ls igys ns'k esa] ns'k ds eSnkuh Hkkxksa esa] igkM+ksa esa] jsfxLrku esa] ns'k ds rVorhZ {ks=kksa esa ty n'kZu dk lqanj la;kstu fd;k Fkk] os yksx vkt dgha ihNs Qsad fn, x, gSaA ns'k us dbZ ekeyksa esa [kwc méfr dh gS] blesa 'kd ugha] ysfdu cs'kd bruk rks tksM+uk gh iM+sxk fd blh nkSj esa ns'k esa lcls lLrh dkj fcdus vkbZ Fkh vkSj lcls eagxh nky Hkh rFkk ns'k ds vkèks Hkkx esa Hk;kud vdky Hkh iM+k FkkA ikuh rks fxjrk gh gSA dHkh de dHkh T;knkA vkSlr dk ,d vkadM+k ge fiNys lkS&ipkl lky ls Hkys gh j[kus 68

yxs gksaµ ;g cgqr dke ugha vkrkA xf.kr ds ne ij] vkadM+ksa ds ne ij thou ugha py ikrkA vkèkqfud ckaèkksa ls Hkh vdky nwj gks x, gksaµ vkt Hkh ,slk iDds rkSj ij ugha dg ldrsA iatkc] gfj;k.kk esa ns'k ds vU; Hkkxksa esa] egkjk"Vª esa Hk;kud vdky iM+k FkkA gekjs Ñf"kea=kh blh izns'k ls gSa vkSj mUgksaus gh vius ,d c;ku esa dgk Fkk fd muus vius thou esa egkjk"Vª esa ,slk Hk;kud vdky igys dHkh ns[kk ugha FkkA blfy, cM+s ckaèkksa ls caèk tkuk Bhd ugha gSA mu ckaèkksa esa Hkh ikuh rks rHkh Hkjsxk tc Bhd o"kkZ gksxhA ij izÑfr Bhd ugha] Bhd&Bkd o"kkZ djrh gSA og eka gS gekjh] ysfdu enj Ms;jh dh e'khu ugha fd ftrus Vksdu Mkyks] Bhd mruk gh ikuh fxjk nsxhA ,d rjQ ge cM+s ckaèkksa ls caèk ls x, vkSj nwljh rjQ ubZ rduhd us Hkwty dks ckgj myhp ysus ds u, lkèku [kkst fudkysA 'kgjksa] xkaoksa esa Nyuh dh rjg Nsn dj Mkys geus vkSj lpeqp feêh dh fo'kky xqYyd esa iM+h bl fo'kky ty jkf'k dks Åij [khap fudkykA mleas Mkyk dqN ughaA bl rjg ;g èkjrh dh xqYyd [kkyh gks pyh gSA Hkwty HkaMkj esa vkbZ fxjkoV dks crkus ds fy, ;ksa rks ftykokj] izns'kokj vkadM+s Hkh fn, tk ldrs gSa ij tc thou dk izk.knk;h jl gh fupqM+rk tk jgk gks rks uhjl vkadM+s u;k vkSj D;k crk ik,axsA fQj Hkh fcuk fdlh dVqrk ds ;g rks dgk gh tk ldrk gS fd bl nkSj esa gekjh jktuhfr T;knk fxjh gS fd Hkwtyµ ;g r; dj ikuk dfBu gSA bu nksuksa dk Lrj Åij mBkus ds fy, gesa [kqn Åij mBuk gksxkA fiNys dqN le; ls ,d u;k 'kCn gekjs chp vk;k gSµ tu& HkkxhnkjhA tSlk vDlj gksrk gS ,sls u, 'kCn igys vaxzsth esa vkrs gSa] fQj ge fcuk T;knk lksps&le>s mudk viuh Hkk"kk esa vuqokn dj ysrs gSaA ij tc ;g 'kCn ugha Fkk] ;g udyh 'kCn ugha Fkk rc gekjs lekt esa ikuh ds ekeys esa xtc dh Hkkxhnkjh FkhA ml tu Hkkxhnkjh esa lpeqp rhu Hkwfedk,a gksrh FkhaA yksx [kqn vius xkao esa] 'kgj esa ikuh dh ;kstuk cukrs FksA ;g gqbZ igyh HkwfedkA fQj ml ;kstuk dks vey esa mrkjrs Fks] rkykc] ugj] dqa, vkfn cukrs FksA ;g Fkh nwljh 69

HkwfedkA vkSj rhljh Hkwfedk esa bu cu pqdh ;kstukvksa ds j[kj[kko dh ftEesnkjh Hkh Lo;a gh mBkrs FksA og Hkh dksbZ nks&pkj cjl ds fy, ugha] cfYd nks&pkj ih<+h rd mldk j[kj[kko djrs FksA mls viuk dke eku dj djrs FksA ,sls esa dgha&dgha lekt jkt dh Hkkxhnkjh Hkh dcwy dj ysrk FkkA ,d rjg ls ns[kk tk, rks jkt vkSj lekt ijLij rkyesy fcBkdj bu dkeksa dks cM+h lgtrk ls laié dj ysrk FkkA vkt cgqr gh de yksxksa dks bl ckr dk dqN vankt cpk gks fd gekjs dqN ukeksa ds] ifjokjksa ds ukeksa ds fpUg bUgha dkeksa esa ls fudys FksA ugj dh ns[k&js[k okys usg: Fks rks igkM+ksa esa flapkbZ dk <kapk ,d rjg dh igkM+h ugj] dwy cukus okys dksgyh Fks rks xwy cukus okys xqykVh FksA ns'k esa bl dksus ls ml dksus rd ,slh vusd tkfr;ka] vusd yksx Fks] tks xkaoksa vkSj 'kgjksa ds fy, ikuh dk dke djrs FksA blesa vdky vkSj ck<+ dh ekj dks de djus dk dke Hkh 'kkfey FkkA vkSj ;g lc os lpeqp vius ru] eu vkSj èku ls djrs FksA tks dke muds eu esa mrj x;k Fkk] mls os vius ru ij Hkh latksdj j[krs FksA ns'k ds lHkh Hkkxksa esa 'kjhj ij xqnuk xksnokus dh ,d cM+h ijaijk jgh gSA blesa 'kqHk fpUg vkfn rks pyu esa Fks gh] ij ns'k ds dqN Hkkxksa esa ,d fo'ks"k fpUg Hkh ik;k tkrk FkkA bldk uke Fkkµ lhrk ckoM+hA lhèkh&lknh vkB&nl js[kkvksa ls ,d HkO; fp=k dykbZ ij fdlh Hkh esys] Bsys esa ns[krs gh ns[krs xksn fn;k tkrk FkkA bl rjg ikuh dk dke eu ls ru ij vkSj ru ls] Je ls mrjrk tkrk Fkk tehu ijA ysfdu vkt tehu dh dhersa vkleku Nwus yxh gSaA 'kgjksa esa Hkh vkSj vusd xkaoksa esa Hkh rkykc ,d ds ckn ,d iqjrs tk jgs gSa] dpjs ls iVrs tk jgs gSaA ty ladV lkeus gS ij ge mls ihB ns jgs gSaA vius rkykcksa dks] vius ty lzksrksa dks u"V dj nsus ds ckn ,sls I;kls 'kgjksa ds fy, nwj ls] cgqr nwj ls fdlh vkSj dk gd Nhu dj cM+h [kphZyh ;kstukvksa dks cukdj ikuh yk;k tk jgk gSA ij gesa ,d ckr Hkwyuh ugha pkfg,A bUnz nsork ls bu 'kgjksa us ,slh vihy rks dh ugha gS fd gekjk ihus dk ikuh rks vc lkS] nks lkS fdyksehVj nwj ls vk jgk gSA vki ge ij ikuh u cjlk,a! igys ;s rkykc gh o"kkZ 70

ds fnuksa esa 'kgjksa ij fxjus okys ikuh dks vius esa latksdj] lesV dj bu 'kgjksa dks ck<+ ls cpk ysrs FksA banz dk ,d iqjkuk uke] fo'ks"k.k gS iqjanjA iqjanj ;kuh tks iqjksa dks] fdyksa dks] 'kgjksa dks rksM+ nsrk gSA bl uke dks j[kk x;k gS rks bldk vFkZ ;g Hkh gS fd banz ds le; esa Hkh 'kgj fu;kstu esa dfe;ka gksrh FkhaA vkSj ,sls vO;ofLFkr 'kgjksa dks banz viuh o"kkZ ds izgkj ls <gk nsrk Fkk] cgk nsrk FkkA fnYyh] eqacbZ] psébZ] caxyw:] t;iqj] gSnjkckn tSls u, iqjkus] eagxs gks pys] vkèkqfud gks pys] lHkh 'kgj ckjh&ckjh ls ,slh ck<+ dh pisV esa vk jgs gSa] tSlh ck<+ mu txgksa esa igys dHkh ugha vkrh FkhA gekjs ns'k dh leqnz rVh; js[kk cgqr cM+h gSA if'pe esa xqtjkr ds dPN ls ysdj uhps dU;kdqekjh ?kwers gq, ;g js[kk caxky esa lqanjcu rd ,d cM+k Hkkx ?kwe ysrh gSA if'peh rV ij cgqr de ysfdu iwohZ rV ij vc leqnzh rwQkuksa dh la[;k vkSj mudh ekjd {kerk Hkh c<+rh tk jgh gSA vHkh dqN gh le; igys vksfM'kk vkSj vkaèkz izns'k esa vk, pØokr dh iwoZ lwpuk le; jgrs fey tkus ls cpko dh rS;kfj;ka cgqr vPNh gks xbZ Fkha vkSj bl dkj.k ckdh uqdlku ,d rjQ] dherh tkusa cp xb±A ysfdu mlh ds dqN gh fnuksa ckn ogka vkbZ ck<+ esa mlls Hkh T;knk uqdlku gks x;k FkkA gekjs iwohZ rVksa ij leqnzh rwQku vkrs gh gSaA ij vc uqdlku djus dh mudh {kerk c<+rh gh tk jgh gSA blds ihNs ,d cM+k dkj.k gS gekjs dqy rVh; izns'kksa esa mu fo'ks"k ouksa dk yxkrkj dVrs tkuk] ftuds dkj.k ,sls rwQku rV ij Vdjkrs le; foèoal dh viuh rkdr dkQh dqN [kks nsrs FksA leqnz vkSj èkjrh ds feyu fcanw ij] gtkjksa o"kks± ls ,d mRlo dh rjg [kM+s ;s ou cgqr gh fof'k"V LoHkko fy, gksrs gSaA fnu esa nks ckj ;s [kkjs ikuh esa Mwcrs gSa rks nks ckj ihNs ls vk jgh unh ds ehBs ikuh esaA eSnku] igkM+ksa esa yxs isM+ksa ls] ouksa ls budh rqyuk djuk Bhd ughaA ouLifr dk ,slk n'kZu vU; fdlh LFkku ij laHko ughaA ;gka bu isM+ksa dh] ouksa dh tM+sa Hkh Åij jgrh gSaA vaèksjs esa] feêh ds Hkhrj ugha] 71

izdk'k esa] feêh ds ÅijA tM+sa] ruk vkSj fQj 'kk[kk,aµ rhuksa dk n'kZu ,d lkFk djk nsus okyk ;g o`{k] mldk iwjk ou bruk lqanj gksrk gS fd bl iztkfr dk ,d uke gekjs ns'k esa lqanj] lqanjh gh j[k fn;k x;k FkkA mlh ls cuk gS lqanjcuA ysfdu vkt nqHkkZX; ls gekjk i<+k&fy[kk lalkj] gekjs oSKkfud dksbZ 13&14 izns'kksa esa QSys bl ou ds] bl iztkfr ds vius uke ,dne Hkwy x, gSaA tc Hkh bu ouksa dh ppkZ gksrh gS] bUgsa buds vaxzsth uke eSaxzksoµ ls gh tkuk tkrk gSA gekjs è;ku esa Hkh ;g ckr ugha vk ikrh fd ns'k esa] de ls de bu izns'kksa dh Hkk"kkvksa esa] cksfy;ksa esa rks bu ouksa dk uke gksxk] mlds xq.kksa dh Le`fr gksxhA izlaxo'k ;gka ;g Hkh tku ysa fd eSaxzkso 'kCn Hkh vaxzsth dk ugha gS] ml Hkk"kk esa ;g iqrZxkyh ls vk;k gSA rVh; izns'kksa ls izkjaHk djsa rks if'pe esa Åij xqtjkrh] dPNh esa bls pSjo~] fQj ejkBh dksad.kh esa [kkjiqVh] froj] déM+ esa dkaMyk dkMq] rfey esa lèkqIiw fuYye dkM~M] rsyqxw esa ekMk vkMoh] mfM+;k esa >kÅou dgk tkrk gSA ckaXyk esa rks lqanjcu lcus lquk gh gSA ,d uke edM+fljk Hkh gSA vkSj fgUnh izns'k rks leqnz ds rV ls nwj gh gSaA ij ,slk ugha gksrk fd tks pht ftl lekt esa ugha gS] ml lekt dh Hkk"kk mldk uke gh ugha j[ksA fgUnh esa bls pejax ou dgrs FksA ij vc ;g u, 'kCndks"kksa ls ckgj gks x;k gSA i;kZoj.k dks Bhd ls tkuus okys crkrs gSa fd vkaèkz vkSj mfM+;k esa [kkldj ikj}hi okys Hkkx esa pejax ouksa dks fodkl ds uke ij [kwc gh mtkM+k gSA blhfy, ikj}hi ,sls gh ,d pØokr esa cqjh rjg ls u"V gqvk FkkA fQj ;g Hkh dgk x;k Fkk fd mlds fy, ,d etcwr nhokj cuk nh tk,xhA dqN BaMs ns'kksa dk viokn NksM+ nsa rks iwjh nqfu;k esa èkjrh vkSj leqnz ds feyus dh txg ij izÑfr us lqj{kk ds [;ky ls gh ;g gjh lqanj nhokj] yacs&pkSM+s lqanjou [kM+s fd, FksA vkt ge viuh ykyp esa bUgsa dkV dj buds cnys ikap xt pkSM+h lhesaV daØhV dh nhokj [kM+h dj lqjf{kr jg tk,axsµ ,slk lkspuk fdruh cM+h ew[kZrk gksxkµ ;g dM+ok lcd gesa le; u fl[kk, rks gh Bhd gksxkA pkSFkh dh d{kkvksa 72

esa ;g i<+k fn;k tkrk gS fd i`Foh ij dksbZ lÙkj izfr'kr Hkkx esa leqnz gS vkSj èkjrh cl rhl izfr'kr gh gSA leqnz ds lkeus ge ux.; gSaA ;s lqanjcu] pejax ou gekjh fxurh cuh jgsµ ,slh lqj{kk nsrs gSaA nhokjsa [kM+h djus ls leqnz ihNs gV tk,xk] rVcan cuk nsus ls ck<+ #d tk,xh] ckgj ls vukt eaxokdj ckaV nsus ls vdky nwj gks tk,xkµ cqjs fopkjksa dh ,slh ck<+ ls] vPNs fopkjksa ds ,sls gh vdky ls gekjk ;g ty ladV c<+k gSA vkt ge lc ftl foHkwfr ds iq.; Lej.k esa ;gka ,d=k gq, gSa] muus vius le; esa ;k dgsa le; ls igys gh lekt dk è;ku ,slh vusd ckrksa dh rjQ [khapk FkkA Jh xks[kys ls HksaV gksus ds ckn jktsUnz ckcw dksbZ ckou cjl rd lkoZtfud thou esa jgsA mudk cpiu ftl xkao esa chrk Fkk] ml xkao esa unh ugha FkhA os rSjuk ugha lh[k ik, FksA ysfdu bl ckou cjl ds ,d yacs nkSj esa mUgksaus vius lekt dks] ns'k dks vusd ckj Mwcus ls cpk;k FkkA vafre ckjg cjl os ns'k ds loksZPp in ij jgsA tc og fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk iwjh gqbZ rks lu~ 1962 ds ebZ eghus esa os ,d fnu jsy esa cSBs vkSj fnYyh ls iVuk ds fy, jokuk gks x, FksA mlh lnkdr vkJe ds ,d NksVs ls ?kj esa jgus ds fy,] tgka ls mUgksaus lkoZtfud thou dh viuh yach ;k=kk izkjaHk dh FkhA mudh iq.; Le`fr esa ge lcds iz.kkeA izlkj Hkkjrh }kjk jktsUnz izlkn Le`fr O;k[;kuekyk esa 22 uoEcj nks gtkj rsjg dks fn;k x;k Hkk"k.kA

jko.kk rksaMh jkek;.k ;s nks fcydqy vyx&vyx ckrsa gSaµ izÑfr dk dSysaMj vkSj gekjs ?kj&n¶rjksa

dh nhokjksa ij Vaxs dSysaMj] dkyfu.kZ; ;k iapkaxA gekjs laoRlj ds iUus ,d o"kZ eas ckjg ckj iyV tkrs gSaA ij izÑfr dk dSysaMj dqN gtkj ugha] yk[k djksM+ o"kZ esa ,dkèk iUuk iyVrk gSA blfy, fgeky;] mÙkjk[kaM] xaxk] ueZnk vkfn dh ckrsa djrs le; gesa izÑfr ds Hkwxksy dk ;g dSysaMj dHkh Hkh Hkwyuk ugha pkfg,A ij djksM+ksa cjl ds bl dSysaMj dks ;kn j[kus dk ;g eryc ugha fd ge gekjk vkt dk dÙkZO; Hkwy cSBsaA og rks lkeus jguk gh pkfg,A vkSj ml fglkc ls dke Hkh gksuk pkfg,A ij ekFkk lkQ ugha gksxk rks og dke Hkh gksus ugha okykA xaxk eSyh gqbZ gSA mls lkQ djuk gSA lQkbZ dh vusd ;kstuk,a igys Hkh cuh gSaA dqN vjc #i, bu lc ;kstukvksa esa cg pqds gSaA fcuk dksbZ vPNk ifj.kke fn,A blfy, dsoy Hkkoukvksa esa cg dj ge fQj ,slk dksbZ dke u djsa fd bl ckj Hkh vjcksa #i;ksa dh ;kstuk,a cusa vkSj xaxk tl dh rl xanh gh jg tk,A csVs&csfV;ka ftíh gks ldrs gSaA dqiq=k&dqiq=kh Hkh gks ldrs gSaA ij vius ;gka izk;% ;gh ekuk tkrk gS fd ekrk dqekrk ugha gksrhA rks tjk lkspsa fd ftl xaxk eka ds csVs&csVh mls LoPN cukus ds iz;Ru esa dksbZ rhl&pkyhl cjl ls yxs jgs gSa] og Hkyk lkQ D;ksa ugha gksrh\ D;k bruh ftíh gS gekjh ;g eka\ ljdkj us rks fiNys fnuksa xaxk dks ^jk"Vªh;* unh dk ntkZ Hkh ns Mkyk gSA lkèkq&lar lekt] gj jktuSfrd ny] lkekftd laLFkk,a] oSKkfud leqnk;] xaxk izkfèkdj.k vkSj rks vkSj fo'o cSad tSlk cM+k egktu] lc xaxk dks ru&eu&èku ls lkQ djuk pkgrs gSaA vkSj ;g eka ,slh gS fd 74

lkQ ugha gksrhA 'kk;n gesa FkksM+k #d dj dqN èkhjt ds lkFk bl xqRFkh dks le>uk pkfg,A vPNk gks ;k cqjk gks] gj ;qx esa ,d fopkj Åij mB vkrk gSA mldk >aMk lc txg ygjk tkrk gSA mldk jax bruk tknqbZ] bruk pks[kk gksrk gS fd og gj jax ds nwljs u,] iqjkus >aMksa ij p<+ tkrk gSA frjaxk] yky] nqjaxk vkSj Hkxok lc rjg ds >aMs mldks ueLdkj djrs gSa] mlh dk xku xkrs gSaA ml ;qx ds] ml nkSj ds djhc&djhc lHkh eq[kj yksx] ekSu yksx Hkh mls ,d etcwr fopkj dh rjg viuk ysrs gSaA dqN le> dj rks dqN fcuk le>s HkhA rks bl ;qx dks fiNys dksbZ lkB&lÙkj cjl dks] fodkl dk ;qx ekuk tkrk gSA ftls ns[kks mls viuk ;g ns'k fiNM+k yxus yxk gSA og iwjh fu"Bk ds lkFk bldk fodkl dj fn[kkuk pkgrk gSA fodkl iq#"k tSls fo'ys"k.k dksbZ ,d ny ugha] lHkh nyksa] lHkh leqnk;ksa esa cM+s vPNs yxrs gSaA okil xaxk ij ykSVsaA ikSjkf.kd dFkk,a vkSj HkkSxksfyd rF;] nksuksa dqy feykdj ;gh ckr crkrs gSa fd xaxk vikS#"ks; gSA bls fdlh ,d iq#"k us ugha cuk;kA vusd la;ksx cus vkSj xaxk dk vorj.k gqvkA tUe ughaA Hkwxksy] HkwxHkZ 'kkL=k crkrk gS fd bldk tUe fgeky; ds tUe ls tqM+k gSA dksbZ nks djksM+] rhl yk[k cjl iqjkuh gypy lsA blds lkFk ,d ckj fQj viuh nhokjksa ij Vaxs dSysaMj ns[k ysaA muesa vHkh cM+h eqf'dy ls 2013 cjl gh chrs gSaA ysfdu fgeky; izlax esa bl fo'kky le; vofèk dk foLrkj vHkh ge Hkwy tk,aA bruk gh ns[ksa fd izÑfr us xaxk dks lnkuhjk cuk, j[kus ds fy, bls viuh Ñik ds dsoy ,d izdkjµo"kkZ&Hkj ls ugha tksM+kA o"kkZ rks pkj ekl gh gksrh gSA ckdh vkB ekl blesa ikuh yxkrkj dSls cgs] dSls jgs] blds fy, izÑfr us viuh mnkjrk dk ,d vkSj :i xaxk dks fn;k gSA unh dk la;ksx fgeun ls djok;kA ty dks fge ls feyk;kA rjy dks Bksl ls feyk;kA izÑfr us xaxks=kh vkSj xkSeq[k fgeky; esa bruh vfèkd ÅapkbZ ij] brus Åaps f'k[kjksa ij j[ks gSa fd ogka dHkh fge fi?ky dj lekIr ugha gksrkA tc o"kkZ lekIr gks tk, rks fge] cQZ ,d cgqr gh fo'kky Hkkx esa èkhjs&èkhjs fi?ky&fi?ky dj xaxk dh èkkjk dks vfojy j[krs gSaA 75

rks gekjs lekt us xaxk dks eka ekuk vkSj dbZ ihf<+;ksa us BsB laLÑr ls ysdj Hkkstiqjh rd esa <sj lkjs 'yksd] ea=k] xhr] ljl] ljy lkfgR; jpkA lekt us viuk iwjk èkeZ mldh j{kk esa yxk fn;kA bl èkeZ us ;g Hkh è;ku j[kk fd gekjs èkeZ] lukru èkeZ ls Hkh iqjkuk ,d vkSj èkeZ gSA og gS unh èkeZA unh vius mn~xe ls eqgkus rd ,d èkeZ dk] ,d jkLrs dk] ,d ?kkVh dk] ,d cgko dk ikyu djrh gSA ge unh èkeZ dks vyx ls blfy, ugha igpku ikrs D;ksafd vc rd gekjh ijaijk rks mlh unh èkeZ ls viuk èkeZ tksM+s j[krh FkhA ij fQj u tkus dc fodkl uke ds ,d u, èkeZ dk >aMk lcls Åij ygjkus yxkA bl >aMs ds uhps gj unh ij cM+s&cM+s ckaèk cuus yxsA ,d unh ?kkVh dk ikuh unh èkeZ ds lkjs vuq'kklu rksM+ nwljh ?kkVh esa ys tkus dh cM+h&cM+h ;kstukvksa ij furkar fHkUu fopkjksa ds jktuSfrd nyksa esa Hkh xtc dh lokZuqefr fn[kus yxrh gSA vusd jkT;ksa esa cgus okyh HkkxhjFkh] xaxk] ueZnk bl >aMs ds uhps vkrs gh vpkud eka ds cnys fdlh u fdlh jkT; dh thou js[kk cu tkrh gSaA vkSj fQj mu jkT; esa cu jgs ckaèkksa dks ysdj okrkoj.k esa] lekt esa bruk ruko c<+ tkrk gS fd dksbZ laokn] LoLFk ckrphr dh xqatkbZ'k gh ugha cprhA nks jkT;ksa esa ,d gh jktuhfrd ny dh lÙkk gks rks Hkh ckaèk] ikuh dk caVokjk ,sls >xM+s iSnk djrk gS fd egkHkkjr Hkh NksVk iM+ tk,A lc cM+s yksx] lÙkk esa vkus okyk gj ny] gj usr`Ùo ckaèkksa ls caèk x;k gSA gjsd dks unh tksM+uk ,d t:jh dke yxus yxrk gSA cM+s&NksVs lkjs ny] cM+h&NksVh vnkyrsa] v[kckj] Vhoh Hkh cl blh rjg dh ;kstukvksa dks lc leL;kvksa dk gy eku ysrs gSaA os ;g Hkwy tkrs gSa fd t:jr iM+us ij izÑfr gh ufn;ka tksM+rh gSA blds fy, og Bsdk ugha nsrhA dqN gtkj&yk[k cjl riL;k djrh gSA rc tkdj xaxk&;equk bykgkckn esa feyrh gSaA ÑrK lekt rc ml LFkku dks rhFkZ ekurk gSA blh rjg eqgkus ij izÑfr unh dks u tkus fdruh èkkjkvksa esa rksM+ Hkh nsrh gSA fcuk rksM+s unh dk laxe] feyu lkxj ls gks ugha ldrkA rks unh tksM+uk] rksM+uk mldk dke gSA bls ge ugha djsaA djsaxs rks vkxs ihNs iNrkuk Hkh iM+sxkA 76

vkt D;k gks jgk gS\ unh esa ls lkQ ikuh txg&txg ckaèk] ugj cukdj fudkyrs tk jgs gSaA flapkbZ] fctyh cukus vkSj m|ksx pykus ds fy,A fodkl ds fy,A vc cpk ikuh rsth ls c<+rs cM+s 'kgjksa] jktèkkfu;ksa ds fy, cM+h&cM+h ikbZi ykbZu esa Mky dj pqjkrs Hkh tk jgs gSaA ;g Hkh ugha Hkwyas fd vHkh rhl&pkyhl cjl igys rd bu lHkh 'kgjksa esa vufxur NksVs&cM+s rkykc gqvk djrs FksA ;s rkykc pkSekls dh o"kkZ dks vius esa laHkkyrs Fks vkSj 'kgjh {ks=k dh ck<+ dks jksdrs Fks vkSj ogka dk Hkwty mBkrs FksA ;g Åapk mBk Hkwty fQj vkus okys vkB eghus 'kgjksa dh I;kl cq>krk FkkA vc bu lc txgksa ij tehu dh dher vkleku Nw jgh gSA blfy, fcYMj&usrk&vfèkdkjh fey&tqy dj iwjs ns'k ds lkjs rkykc feVk jgs gSaA egkjk"Vª esa vHkh dy rd 50 o"kks± dk lcls cqjk vdky Fkk vkSj fQj mlh egkjk"Vª ds iq.ks] eqacbZ esa ekulwu dh ,d gh fnu dh o"kkZ esa ck<+ vk xbZ gSA banz dk ,d lqanj iqjkuk uke] ,d i;kZ;okph 'kCn gS iqjanjA ;kuh iqjksa dks] fdyksa dks] 'kgjksa dks rksM+us okykA ;fn gekjs 'kgj banz ls fe=krk dj mldk ikuh jksduk ugha tkurs rks fQj og ikuh ck<+ dh rjg gekjs 'kgjksa dks u"V djsxk ghA ;g ikuh cg x;k rks fQj xehZ esa vdky Hkh vk,xk ghA ;g gkyr flQZ gekjs ;gka ugha] lHkh ns'kksa esa gks pyh gSA FkkbZySaM dh jktèkkuh nks o"kZ igys Ng eghus ck<+ esa Mwch jgh FkhA bl lky fnYyh ds gokbZ vM~Ms esa igyh gh cjlkr esa ^vkxeu* {ks=k esa ck<+ dk vkxeu gks x;k FkkA okil xaxk ykSVsaA fiNys dqN fnuksa ls mÙkjk[kaM dh ck<+ dh] xaxk dh ck<+ dh Vhoh ij py jgh [kcjksa dks ,d ckj fQj ;kn djsaA unh ds èkeZ dks Hkwy dj geus vius vge~ ds izn'kZu ds fy, rjg&rjg ds Hkís eafnj cuk,] èkeZ'kkyk,a cukb±] unh dk èkeZ lksps fcukA gky dh ck<+ esa ewfrZ;ka gh ugha] lc dqN xaxk vius lkFk cgk ys xbZA rks unh ls lkjk ikuh fodkl ds uke ij fudkyrs jgsa] tehu dh dher ds uke ij rkykc feVkrs tk,a] vkSj fQj lkjs 'kgjksa] [ksrksa dh lkjh xanxh] tgj unh esa feykrs tk,aA fQj lkspsa fd vc dksbZ ubZ ;kstuk cuk dj ge unh Hkh lkQ dj ysaxsA unh gh ugha cphA xank ukyk cuh unh lkQ gksus 77

ls jghA xqtjkr ds Hk#p esa tkdj nsf[k, jlk;u m|ksx us fodkl ds uke ij ueZnk dks fdl rjg cckZn fd;k gSA ufn;ka ,sls lkQ ugha gksaxhA gesa gj ckj fujk'kk gh gkFk yxsxhA rks D;k vk'kk cph gh ugha\ ,slk ugha gSA vk'kk gS] ij rc tc ge fQj ls unh èkeZ Bhd ls le>saA fodkl dh gekjh vkt tks bPNk gS] mldh Bhd tkap dj ldsaA fcuk dVqrk dsA xaxk dks] fgeky; dks dksbZ pqipki "kM~;a=k djds ugha ekj jgkA ;s rks lc gekjs gh yksx gSaA fodkl] th-Mh-ih-] unh tksM+ks] cM+s ckaèk lc dqN gks jgk gSA gtkjksa yksx "kM~;a=k ugha djrsA dksbZ ,d pqipki djrk gS xyr dkeA bls rks fodkl] lcls vPNk dke ekudj lc yksx dj jgs gSaA i{k Hkh] foi{k Hkh lHkh feydj bls dj jgs gSaA ;g "kM~;a=k ugha] loZlEefr gSA fodkl ds bl >aMs rys i{k&foi{k dk Hksn Hkh lekIr gks tkrk gSA gekjh yhyk rkbZ us gesa ejkBh dh ,d cgqr fofp=k dgkor lqukbZ Fkh% jko.kk rksaMh jkek;.kA jko.k [kqn c[kku dj jgk gS jkek;.k dh dFkkA fgeky; esa] xaxk esa] xkaoksa] 'kgjksa esa ge fodkl ds uke ij ,sls dke u djsa ftuds dkj.k ,slh cckZnh vkrh gksA ugha rks gesa jko.k dh rjg viuh [kqn dh cckZnh dk c[kku djuk iM+sxkA 18 twu] nks gtkj rsjg dks xaxk izlax esa fn, x, ,d Hkk"k.k lsA

lkè;] lkèku vkSj lkèkuk vxj lkè; Åapk gks vkSj mlds ihNs lkèkuk gks] rks lc lkèku tqV ldrs gSa

;g 'kh"kZd u rks vyadkj ds fy, gS] u vgadkj ds fy,A lpeqp ,slk

yxrk gS fd lekt esa dke dj jgh NksVh&cM+h laLFkkvksa dks] muds dq'ky lapkydksa dks] ge dk;ZdÙkkkZvksa dks vkSj bl lkjs dke dks Bhd ls pykus ds fy, iSlk tqVkus okyh mnkjeuk] ns'kh&fons'kh vuqnku laLFkkvksa dks vkxs&ihNs bu rhu 'kCnksa ij lkspuk rks pkfg, ghA lkè; vkSj lkèku ij rks dqN ckrphr gksrh gS] ysfdu blesa lkèkuk Hkh tqM+uk pkfg,A lkèku mlh xkao] eksgYys] 'kgj esa tqVk, tk,a ;k fd lkr leqanj ikj ls vk,a] bls ysdj i;kZIr erHksn gks ldrs gSaA ij de ls de lkè; rks gekjs gksaA dqN viokn NksM+ nsa rks izk;% gksrk ;gh gS fd lkèkuksa dh ckr rks nwj] ge lkè; Hkh vius ugha ns[k ikrsA ;gka lkè; 'kCn vius laiw.kZ vFkZ esa Hkh gS vkSj dkepykÅ] gYds vFkZ esa HkhA ;kuh dke] y{;] dk;ZØe vkfnA i;kZoj.k fo"k; ds lhfer vuqHko ls eSa dqN dg ldrk gwa fd bl {ks=k esa dke dj jgh cgqr&lh laLFkk,a lkè;] y{; ds ekeys esa yxkrkj FkisM+s [kkrh jgh gSaA yksx Hkwys ugha gksaxs tc i;kZoj.k ds 'ks;j cktkj esa lcls Åapk nke Fkk lkekftd okfudh dkA ge lc mlesa tqV x,] fcuk ;g cgl fd, fd vlkekftd okfudh D;k gks ldrh gSA fQj ,d nkSj vk;k catj Hkwfe fodkl dkA vaxzsth esa osLVySaM MsoyiesaVA rc Hkh cgl ugha gks ikbZ fd osLVySaM gS D;kA [kwc lkèku vkSj le; blh 79

lkè; esa osLV ;kfu cckZn gks x;kA catj tehu ds fodkl dk lkjk mRlkg vpkud vdky e`R;q dks izkIr gks x;kA mlds cnys ge lc fQygky okVj'ksM MsoyiesaV esa je x, gSaA bl u, dk;ZØe ds fganh ls flaèkh rd vuqokn gks x,A tyxzg.k {ks=k 'kCn Hkh py jgk gS] tykxe {ks=k HkhA FkksM+s nslh gks x, rks ejkBh okyksa us ikuyksV fodkl uke j[k fy;k gS ij ewy esa bl lcds ihNs ,d fofp=k okVj'ksM dh dYiuk gh gSA TokbaV QkWjsLV eSustesaV nwljk u;k >aMk gSA blesa Hkh gekjh fganh izfrHkk ihNs ugha gS% la;qä ou izcaèk dk;ZØe Qy&Qwy jgk gSA ;fn ge viuh laLFkk dks tehu ls tqM+k ekurs gSa rks gks ldrk gS gesa la;qä 'kCn ij vkifÙk gksA rc ge bls lk>k 'kCn ls iVdh f[kyk nsrs gSaA uke dqN Hkh j[ksa] dkeµ;kuh lkè;µoYMZ cSad dk r; fd;k gksrk gSA fganh esa dgsa rks fo'o cSadA lkèku Hkh mlh rjg dh laLFkkvksa ls vk jgs gSaA ;g fooj.k etkd ;k O;aX; dk fo"k; ugha gSA lpeqp nq[k gksuk pkfg, gesaA bl u, dke dh bruh t:jr ;fn vk Hkh iM+s rks ^ts-,Q-,e-* ;kuh TokbaV QkWjsLV eSustesaV dk dke mBkrs gq, gesa ;g rks lkspuk gh pkfg, fd bl TokbaV ls igys lksyks eSustesaV fdldk FkkA fdrus le; ls FkkA ou foHkkx us vius daèkksa ij iwjs ns'k ds ou izcaèk dk cks> dSls mBk;k] ml cks> dks ysdj og dSls yM+[kM+k;k vkSj mldh ml yM+[kM+kgV dh fdruh cM+h dher iwjs ns'k ds i;kZoj.k us pqdkbZ\ ;s ou lekt ds fdl fgLls ls] fdruh fueZerk ls Nhus x,\ vkSj tc ouksa dk og xohZyk ,dy ou izcaèk lkjs fons'kh vuqnkuksa ds lgsts] laHkkys ugha laHkyk] rks vpkud la;qä izcaèk dh ;kn dSls vkbZ\ iy Hkj ds fy,] >wBk gh lgh] ,dy ou izcaèkdksa dks lkoZtfud :i ls dqN i'pkrki rks djuk gh pkfg, FkkA {kek ekaxuh pkfg, Fkh] vkSj rc fourh djuh pkfg, Fkh fd % vjs HkkbZ ;g rks cM+k Hkkjh cks>k gS] gekjs vdsys ds cl dk ugha] fiNyh xyrh ekQ djks] tjk gkFk rks caVkvksA lkèku vkSj lkè; dk ;g fofp=k nkSj iwjh rjg mèkkjhdj.k dk jgk gSA tks gkyr i;kZoj.k ds lhfer fo"k; esa jgh gS] ogh lekt ds vU; 80

egÙoiw.kZ foLr`r {ks=kksa esa Hkh feysxhA efgyk fodkl] cky fodkl] efgyk l'kähdj.k] caèkqvk eqfä] egktu eqfä] cky Jfed] y?kq ;k vYi cpr] iztuu LokLF;] xyZ pkbYM--- lc rjg ds dkeksa esa 'keZukd :i fn[krs gSaA ij ge rks vka[k ewan dj budks tirs tk jgs gSaA ;wjksi] vesfjdk dh lkekftd Vdlky ls tks Hkh 'kCn&flDdk <yrk gS] ogka og pys ;k u pys] gekjs ;gka og nkSM+rk gSA ;g Hkh laHko gS fd buesa ls dqN dke ,sls egÙoiw.kZ gksa tks djus gh pkfg,A rks Hkh bruk rks lkspuk pkfg, fd ge lcdk è;ku bu dkeksa ij igys D;ksa ugha tkrk\ lkekftd dkeksa ds bl 'ks;j cktkj esa lkekftd laLFkkvksa ds lkFk&lkFk ljdkjksa dh Hkh xtc dh Hkkxhnkjh gSA dsanz lesr lHkh jkT;ksa dh] lHkh rjg dh fopkjèkkjkvksa okys lHkh nyksa dh ljdkjksa esa bl ekeys esa xtc dh loZlEefr gSA fo'o cSad gj eghus dksbZ 200 iUuksa dk ,d cqysfVu fudkyrk gSA blesa fiNys eghus esa ikfjr lHkh ns'kksa ds jkT;ksa dh fofHkUu ljdkjksa dks fn, tkus okys _.k dk foLr`r C;ksjk jgrk gSA bls ns[k ysaA iDdk Hkjkslk gks tk,xk fd MkWyj fopkj dh djalh esa cny x;k gSA ,slk ugha fd lHkh fcd x, gSaA bl o`fÙk ls yM+us okys Hkh gSaA ij dbZ ckj [kyuk;d ls yM+rs&yM+rs gekjs uk;d Hkh dqN oSls gh cu tkrs gSaA vkikr~dky dks vHkh ,d ih<+h rks Hkwyh ugha gSA mlls yM+dj] thrdj lÙkk esa vk, gekjs Js"B uk;dksa us rc dksdk&dksyk tSls yxHkx loZO;kih is; dks [knsM+k FkkA cnys esa mlh tSls jax dk] oSlh gh cksry esa mrus gh izek.k dk ;kuh pqYyw&Hkj ikuh cukdj mldk uke dksdk&dksyk ds cnys 77 ¼lrÙkj ugha½ Mcy lsou j[kk x;kA vkikr~dky dh Le`fr dks lekt ds eu esa LFkk;h :i nsus! ;kuh gekjs ikl vius dfBu nkSj dks ;kn j[kus dk blls ljy dksbZ mik; ugha FkkA pyks ;g Hkh Lohdkj gSA d"V ds fnuksa dks euksjatu ds] 'khry is; ds ekè;e ls gh ;kn j[krsA ij ge mls Hkh fVdk ugha ik,A Mcy lsou Mwc x;k] os uk;d Hkh MwcsA fQj dksdk&dksyk okil vk x;k] igys ls Hkh T;knk tks'k ls vkSj la;ksx ;g fd gekjs Mwcs uk;d Hkh fQj ls okil vk x,A lgvlfrÙo dk lqanj mnkgj.k gS ;g izlaxA 81

rks lkèkuksa dh cgl gesa ogka ys tk,xh tc ge lkè;] y{;] vius lkeus [kM+s dke] dk;ZØe gh ugha [kkst ik,axsA ,d ckj lkè; le> ysa rks fQj ckgj dk lkèku Hkh dksbZ ml rjQ eksM+ ldrk gSA rc T;knk xqatkb'k oSls blh ckr dh gksxh fd lkè; viuk gksxk rks lkèku Hkh fQj vius lw>us yxrs gSaA bldk ,d NksVk&lk mnkgj.k t;iqj ftys ds ,d xkao dk gSA ogka xzke ds dke esa yxh ,d laLFkk us ckgj dh enn ls xjhc xkao esa ikuh tqVkus ds fy, dksbZ 30]000 #i, [kpZ dj ,d rkykc cuok;kA fQj èkhjs&èkhjs yksxksa ls mldh FkksM+h vkReh;rk c<+hA ckrphr pyh rks xkao ds ,d cqtqxZ us dgk fd rkykc rks Bhd gS] ij ;s xkao dk ugha] gekjk ugha] ljdkjh&lk fn[krk gSA iwNk x;k fd ;g viuk dSls cusxkA lq>ko vk;k fd bl ij iRFkj dh Nrjh LFkkfir gksuh pkfg,A ij og rks cgqr egaxh gksrh gSA ykxr dk vankt fcBk;k rks mldh dher rkykc dh ykxr ls Hkh T;knk fudyhA laLFkk us crk;k fd ge rks ;g dke ugha djok ldrsA gekjs ikl rks rkykc ds fy, vuqnku gS] Nrjh ds fy, ughaA xkao us tokc fn;k fd Nrjh ds fy, laLFkk ls ekax gh dkSu jgk gSA xjhc ekus x, xkao us ns[krs gh ns[krs og igkM+&lh jkf'k pans ls tek dh] viuk Je yxk;k vkSj rkykc dh iky ij xkts&ckts] iwtk&vpZuk ds lkFk Nrjh dh LFkkiuk dj MkyhA dqN dks yxsxk fd ;g rks fQtwy[kphZ gSA ij ;g edku vkSj ?kj dk varj gSA lekt dks ikuh ds dsoy <kaps ugha pkfg,A lekt dks eeÙo Hkh pkfg,A Nrjh yxkus ls rkykc ljdkjh ;k laLFkk dk rduhdh <kapk u jgdj ,d vkfRed <kaps esa cnyrk gSA fQj mldh j[kokyh lekt djrk gSA oSls Hkh vaxzstksa ds vkus ls igys ns'k ds ikap yk[k xkaoksa esa] dqN gtkj dLcs] 'kgjksa esa] jktèkkfu;ksa esa dksbZ chl yk[k rkykc lekt us fcuk fdlh ^okWVj fe'ku* ;k ^okWVj'ksM MsoyiesaV* ds] vius gh lkèkuksa ls cuk, FksA mudh j[kokyh] VwV&QwV dk lqèkkj Hkh yksx [kqn gh djrs FksA tjk dYiuk rks djsa ge ml <kaps ds vkdkj dh] izdkj dh] la[;k cy dh] cqf) cy 82

dh] laxBu cy dh] tks iwjs ns'k esa ikuh dk izcaèk djrk FkkA og Hkh ,d ,sls ns'k esa tgka psjkiwath ls ysdj tSlyesj rd fofp=k ifjfLFkfr FkhA rkykcksa dk ;g NksVk&lk fdLlk crkrk gS fd lkè; viuk gks rks lkèku Hkh vius tqVrs tkrs gSaA gka] mlds fy, lkèkuk pkfg,A vkt laLFkk,a iwjh nqfu;k ls ckr djus ds fy, ftruh mrkoyh fn[krh gSa] mldh vkèkh mrkoyh Hkh os lekt ls ckr djus esa yxk,a rks ;g lkèkuk viuk jax fn[kk ldrh gSA ij ckr djus esa vkSj îkfVZflisVjh fjlpZ vizsty* ;k îh-vkj-,-* djus esa ewy varj gksrk gSA cqansy[kaM esa ,d dgkor gS% pqVdh Hkj thjs ls czãHkkstA flQZ thjk gS] og Hkh pqVdh HkjA u lCth gS] u nky] u vkVkA ij czãHkkst gks ldrk gSA lkè; Åapk gks] lkèkuk gks] rks lc lkèku tqV ldrs gSaA gka pqVdh Hkj thjs ls îkVhZ* ugha gks ldsxhA lu~ nks gtkj pkj esa fons'kh vuqnku fo"k; ij gqbZ xks"Bh esa fn, x, Hkk"k.k ds va'kA

nqfu;k dk [ksyk eSa muls dHkh fey ugha ik;k FkkA lHkk xksf"B;ksa esa nwj ls gh ns[krk Fkk

mUgsaA vifjp; dh ,d nhokj FkhA ;g dksbZ Åaph rks ugha Fkh ij 'kk;n esjk viuk ladksp jksds jgk vkxs c<+dj feyus lsA vkt mudh Le`fr esa ge lc ;gka ,d=k gq, gSaA mUgsa eSa iz.kke djrk gwaA ukVd mudk lalkj FkkA eSa izk;% ukVd tk ugha ikrk FkkA vkSjaxtsciu ughaA 'kk;n tsc esa Bhd iSlk u gksuk ,d dkj.k FkkA eSa muds ukVd lalkj ls rks tqM+ ugha ik;kA ij fQj dqN iq.; jgs gksaxs fd muds ifjokj ls tqM+rk x;kA vkt bl ifjokj dh rhu ihf<+;ksa dk I;kj eq>s fcu ekaxs feyk gSA fjHkq rd dkA v'kksdth us dHkh vaxzsth esa ,d lqanj iafä fy[kh Fkh% ,dne ukVd okyh% oUl vikWu , VkbZe okyh 'kSyh esaA os dgha ifjp; ns jgs Fks e/;izns'k dkA igyk gh okD; Fkk% oUl vikWu , VkbZe] ns;j okt+ uks e/;izns'k! mlls Hkh ihNs ds dky esa ykSVsa rks dgk tk ldrk gS fd dHkh fnYyh Hkh ugha FkhA ij ukVd rks FksA ,slk Hkh dg ldrs gSa] ukVd rks FkkA ;gka vki cgqopu ls gV dj ,dopu ij vk tk,a rks ukVd 'kCn dks ekuks ia[k yx tkrs gSaA T;knk foLrkj] O;kidrk vkSj xgjkbZ bl ,dopu esa vk tkrh gSA rks nqfu;k esa ukVd FkkA nqfu;k dk [ksyk FkkA vkSj bl [ksyk ds chp ukVd Hkh [ksys tkrs FksA dksbZ gtkj cjl iqjkus ;s fdLls gSa ij yxsxk fd ;s rks vkt dh gh ckr gSA ukVd [ksys tkrs FksA dqN mUgsa ilan djrs FksA vkSj dqN ukilan HkhA 'kq: esa fdlh ckr dks ukilan djus okys FkksMs+ fdukjs cSBrs jgs gksaxs & rVLFkA fQj os chp esa cgus yxs gksaxsA ukVdksa esa fo?u Mkyus dk] rjg&rjg dh #dkoVsa Mkyus dk ukVd Hkh 'kq: gks x;k Fkk rcA 84

vkt rks cgqr ls ,sls ny gSa] lewg gSa] ftudh Hkkoukvksa dks pkgs tc] pkgs tgka] pkgs ftl ckr ls vk?kkr igqap tkrk gSA rc os viuh vkgr gks pqdh Hkkoukvksa dks 'kkar djus dk ,d gh rjhdk tkurs gSa] viukrs gSaµ v'kkafr QSykukA ukVd gks] fdrkc gks] laxhr gks] dyk izn'kZuh gks & lc ij ,d gh rjhdk ykxw gksrk gSA rc dh] dqN gtkj cjl igys dh ifjfLFkfr;ka D;k Fkha] D;k irk gedksA ij ukVd 'kq: gksus ls igys eaxykpj.k] fo?u gj.k dh vusd xfrfof/k;ka lkeus vkus yxh FkhaA ukVd dSls djsaµ ;kuh ukV~;'kkL=k dh ckjhfd;ka rks eksVs&eksVs xzaFkksa esa fy[kh gh xbZ FkhaA ij fo?u u vk,a] minzo u gks tk,µ bldk Hkh iwjk 'kkL=k jpk tkus yxk Fkk] ml le;A vkSj tSlk fd ml le; dk pyu Fkk ;g lkjk dke dkyk p'ek igus] ¼dy Vh-oh-ij lcus [kwc ns[kk gS½ gkFk esa canwd rkus dBksj psgjs okys] dgha 'kwU; esa rkdrh lansg Hkjh vka[kksa ds cnys] CySd dekaMks ds cnys ljy lkSE;] jE; lw=k/kkj ds gkFkksa esa lkSaik tkrk FkkA lw=k/kkj usiF; ls jaxHkfwe esa] jaxeap ij izos'k djrkA mldh blh fØ;k dk uke Fkkµ jaxkorj.kA mlds lkFk ,d rjQ iw.kZ dy'k ;kuh ty ls Hkjk dy'k fy, ,d lgk;d gksrk rks nwljh rjQ ,d lgk;d /otk fy, vkrkA vc lw=k/kkj fdrus ix vkxs c<+sxk] fdrus ix nka,] fdrus cka,µ bl lcdk iwjk fglkc] iDdk xf.kr vk ldus okys fo?uksa ds izdkjksa dks ekuks fdlh vn`'; rjktw ij rksy dj yxk fy;k tkrk FkkA ;g lc dke xqLls ls] dBksj eqnzk cukdj ugha] cgqr gh Bqed&Bqed dj] vfHku;] laxhr] izdk'k dh enn ls [kwc vkuan ds lkFk fd;k tkrk FkkA dgus dks vHkh ukVd 'kq: gh ugha gqvk gS ij fo?u fouk'kd ukVd rks tkjh gh gSA dy'k ds ty ls lw=k/kkj iwjh jax'kkyk vkSj eap dks 'kq) djrs gSa] vkpeu djrs gSaA fQj ckjh vkrh gS /ot dhA vkt cgqr de yksxksa dks ;g ;kn jg ik;k gks fd bl /ot dk ,d fo'ks"k uke gksrk FkkA dke rks fo'ks"k Fkk ghA bls ttZj /ot dgrs FksA 85

vkt dh fganh esa bldk eryc dqN ,slk yxsxkµ QVk gqvk >aMkA ij Hkyk QVk gqvk] ttZj /ot Qgjkdj dksbZ D;ksa ukVd djsxkA ;g rks ,dne HkO; >aMk gksrk FkkA BkB ls ygjkrk gqvkA bls mBk dj iwjs jaxeap ij bl dksus ls ml dksus rd ?kqek dj lw=k/kkj vk ldus okys lHkh fo?uksa dks ttZj dj nsrk FkkA rks vkt dh bl cSBd ds fy, Hkh ge ,d ttZj /ot Qgjk gh nsa u! v/;{k egksn; dh vuqefr lsA bruk lc gks tkus ds ckn Hkh ukVd 'kq: ugha gks ikrk FkkA ;g Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS fd mu fnuksa lHkh n'kZdksa esa vikj /khjt ,d xq.k dh rjg O;kIr jgrk FkkA vki lcesa Hkh ;g xq.k gS ghA vc ckjh vkrh ,d fo'ks"k u`R; }kjk Hkxoku f'ko vkSj fo".kq dh iwtk vpZuk dhA lw=k/kkj cgqr gh Åaps ntsZ ds vfHku; ds lkFk ;g lkjk dke djrkA ck,a iSj ls fo".kqth vkSj nk,a ls f'ko Hkxoku dks Lej.k fd;k tkrkA cM+k gh dfBu dke gksrk ;gA igyk in oke L=kh dk ekuk x;k gS vkSj nwljk in nf{k.k iq#"k dkA vkt dh Hkk"kk esa dgsa rks tsaMj lsalsfVo okyk dÙkZO; Hkh iwjk gks x;kA ml dke esa ckr ;gha vkdj lekIr ugha gks tkrh FkhA dgha&dgha {ks=k fo'ks"k esa ,d rhljk in uiqald dk Hkh j[kk tkrk FkkA ysfdu iSj rks nks gh gSa uA rhljk dgka ls yk,axs\ lw=k/kkj rc nkfgus iSj dks viuh ukfHk rd cgqr gh 'kkunkj vfHku; ds lkFk mBkrkA ik'oZ esa ctrk fo'ks"k laxhr iwjk lkFk nsrkA ;g cgqr dfBu fØ;k gksrh FkhA dHkh vdsys esa djds rks ns[ksa! ukVd vHkh Hkh 'kq: ugha gqvk gSA fQj lw=k/kkj ttZj /ot dh iwtk pkj rjg ds fo'ks"k Qwyksa ls djrkA rc ckjh vkrh ukVd esa bLrseky gksus tk jgs rjg&rjg ds ok| ;a=kksa dh iwtk dhA ,slk u gks fd os izLrqfr ds nkSjku cslqjs gks tk,aA muds rkj VwV tk,a ;k fd e`nax mrj tk,aA vc vkbZ ckjh ukanh ikB dhA ml le; Hkh ;s jktk yksx gekjs vkt ds usrkvksa dh rjg] eq[;eaf=k;ksa dh rjg [kwc yM+k djrs gksaxsA rHkh rks gj ukVd ds izkjaHk esa ukanh ikB esa cps lc nsorkvksa dks iz.kke dj ysus ds ckn lw=k/kkj dks vius jktk dh fot; dh dkeuk Hkh djuh iM+rh FkhA irk ugha 86

lHkkeaMi esa jktk dh vksj ls dksbZ lsalj vf/kdkjh cSBk jgrk Fkk ;g lc ns[kus vkSj dksbZ pwd gks tkus ij Åij rd pqxyh djusA vki lcds /khjt ds fy, /kU;oknA {kek Hkh ekax ysa fd vHkh vkt dk Hkk"k.k 'kq# gh ugha gks ik;k gS] ij ukVd rks pkyw gks tk, igysA ij lc vc rd Fkd x, gksa rks FkksM+k lqLrk ysaA czEgk Hkh Fkd dj lqLrkus yxs FksA bruh cM+h l`f"V dk fuekZ.k djus ds ckn] nqfu;k dk [ksyk jpus ds ckn os Hkh Fkd x, FksA mUgksaus Hkh lkal yh Fkh] FkksM+k vkjke fd;k FkkA lc /keks± esa nqfu;k dk [ksyk 'kq# djus ds ckn blh rjg ds fdLls feyrs gSaA bZ'oj us l`f"V dh jpuk Ng fnuksa esa iwjh dj Mkyh FkhA rks fQj tks lkroka fnu vk;k] ml fnu Nqêh j[kh] th Hkj dj vkjke fd;k FkkA blh esa ls ckn esa jfookj dh Nqêh fudyhA rqeus vkjke fd;k izHkq rks ge eqa'kh yksx] ge vQlj yksx Hkh rks Ng fnu dke djds Fkd x, gSa rks vc lkrosa fnu iwjk vkjke djuk gSA dqN lektksa esa] /keks± esa jfookj ds cnys 'kfuokj gS Nqêh rks dgha 'kqØokj HkhA ij gS t:jA eq>s u rks laLÑr ukVdksa dh bruh ckjhd ijaijk dk dksbZ vankt Fkk vkSj u nqfu;k ds bl [ksy dkA 'kk;n rc eSa vkBoha esa i<+rk FkkA lu~ 1959&60 dh ckr gksxhA fnYyh esa dksbZ varjkZ"Vªh; fQYe lekjksg gks jgk FkkA mlesa ,d fgLlk cM+h fQYeksa dk Fkk rks ,d fgLlk cgqr gh NksVh fQYeksa dkA bruh NksVh dh ge lksp Hkh u ik,aA dsoy rhu feuV dh fQYeksa dk izn'kZuA ,slh vusd fQYeksa esa ls ftls igyk iqjLdkj feyk Fkk] mls ns[kus dk la;ksx esjs gkFk yx x;k FkkA u tkus dSlsA ogka jax'kkyk esa eSaus >kad fy;k gS] ukVd vHkh Hkh 'kq: ugha gks ik;k gSA blfy, bl rhu feuV dh fQYe dks Hkh >ViV ns[k ysa ge lcA ;g fQYe dSusMk ds fdlh egkfuns'kd us cukbZ FkhA rc cPpk gh rks FkkA vaxzsth ds uke ;kn ugha j[k ik;k FkkA fQYe 'kq: gksrh gS dSusMk dh ,d >hy ds n`'; lsA lqanj uhyk ikuhA rc oSls Hkh gekjs ty lzksr bruh cqjh rjg ls iznwf"kr ugha FksA >hy esa ,d uko rSj jgh gSA uko esa ,d firk&iq=k cSBs gSaA firk pIiw [ks jgs gSa] 6&8 87

cjl dk csVk mUgsa fugkj jgk gSA bl mej esa izk;% lHkh csVksa dks vius firk cM+s vPNs yxrs gSaA dSejk Åij mBrk gSA vc iwjh >hy fn[kus yxrh gSA dSejk vkSj Åij tkrk gSA >hy ds fdukjs cus lqanj ?kj vkrs gSa ijns ijA fQj vkSj ÅijA iwjk eksgYyk] fQj vkSj Åij mBrk tkrk gS dSejkA iwjk jkT;] iM+kSlh ns'k vesfjdk] fQj nf{k.k vesfjdk] vÝhdk] ;wjksi] ,f'k;k] yks iwjh xksy lqanj gekjh /kjrhA dSejk vHkh Hkh mBrk tk jgk gSA fQYe 'kq: gq, vHkh ,d fefuV Hkh ugha gks ik;k gSA cxy ls pkan >kad x;k] vc vU; xzg] 'kfupj vkfn] ftuls vktdy yksx cgqr Mjus yxs gSa vkSj dqN Vh-oh- pSuy 'kfu egkjkt dh 'kkafr djokus esa fo'ks"k ;ksX;rk Hkh j[krs gSaA [kSj gekjk lkSj eaMy] gekjs lkSj ifjokj ds lHkh lnL; vxy&cxy ls fudyrs tkrs gSaA vc gekjh vka[kksa ds lkeus gekjh vkdk'k xaxk vkus yxh gSµ vufxur rkjs] lwjt ls NksVs vkSj lwjt ls cM+s HkhA fQj vkSj vkdk'k xaxk,aA Ms<+ feuV Hkh vHkh ugha gks ikrk gS fd iwjk ijnk vla[; f>fyey flrkjksa] rkjksa] fcanqvksa ls BlkBl Hkj tkrk gSA dgha dksbZ tjk&lh Hkh txg ugha cprhA fojkV n'kZu! vc dSejk cM+h gh rsth ls okil vkus yxrk gS uhpsA mlh jkLrsA lc n`';ksa dks okilh ds Øe esa fn[kkrs gq, okil >hy ijA >hy esa vc uko ijA uko esa pIiw [ksrs firk ds gkFk ijA gkFk ij cSBk gS ,d ePNjA vc ePNj ds Mad ls dSejk [kwu esa tkrk gSA [kwu dh ul esa nkSM+ jgs gSa yky d.k] lQsn d.kA vc og fojkV n'kZu dh rjg lw{e n'kZu djkrk tkrk gSA ftruk og Åij x;k Fkk] mruk gh og 'kjhj esa Hkhrj mrjrs tkrk gSA vkt lu~ 2013 esa bl fo"k; ds tkudkj crkrs gSa fd geesa ls gjsd ds 'kjhj esa dksbZ 90 yk[k djksM+ thok.kq] lw{e tho jgrs gSaA ;gh vius vki esa fdruk cM+k [ksyk gSA ge ,d fopkj ij cuh ,d gh laLFkk esa 20&25 yksx] lkekftd dk;ZdÙkkZ] i=kdkj] dfo] ys[kd ,d lkFk ugha jg ikrsA ,d nwljs ls yM+rs&>xM+rs jgrs gSa iwjk thouA vkSj ;s gSa 90 yk[k djksM+ gekjs lkFkh tks iwjk rkyesy fcBk dj gekjs bl 'kjhj dks fVdk;s 88

jgrs gSaA rks nqfu;k dk ,d cgqr cM+k [ksyk rks gekjs vius blh pksys esa [ksyk tk jgk gSA tks yksx gtkjksa cjlksa ls vkRek dh [kkst dj jgs gSa D;k irk ;gh vkRek gks\ rks u ;g lw{e txr gesa idM+ esa vkrk gS u og fojkV txrA bu nksuksa dk xf.kr gekjs fdlh Hkh xf.kr ls ijs gSA nwfj;ka izdk'k o"kZ esa ukih tkrh gSa vkSj fQj Hkh ge mUgsa eki ugha ikrsA nl&ikap cjl esa ,dk/k ckj viuh /kjrh ls flQZ 80&90 fdyksehVj Åij tkdj ge vius foKku&Kku dh 'kku c?kkjsaµ ;g djhc&djhc ewj[kiuk gh gSA blh ewj[kius esa ls fudyh ;g le>nkjh bl rhu feuV dh fQYe ns[k djA bls ns[k nwfj;ka D;k gSa ;g Hkh ge Hkwy tk,axs vkSj utnhfd;ka D;k gSa] fojkV D;k gS] lw{e D;k gS] bl lcdh ifjHkk"kk Hkh cny tkrh gSA fdlh ekSds ij ?kksa?ks dh xfr gokbZ tgkt ls Hkh rst yx ldrh gSA ,d thok.kq gS tks gekjh vka[k dh iqryh esa jgrk gSA mldk dke iqryh dh lQkbZ djrs jguk gSA fnu Hkj ge viuh vka[k esa fdruk dpjk] /kqavk] /kwy >ksadrs gSa] dbZ ckj nwljksa dh vka[kksa esa Hkhµ ;g lkjh lQkbZ ;g thok.kq djrk gSA bl iqryh dh NksVh&lh nqfu;k dk [ksyk cgqr tksjnkj gSA tc ge tkxrs gSa rks ;g thok.kq lksrk jgrk gSA xgjh uhanA bls rst jks'kuh] 'kksj&'kjkck dqN rax ugha djrkA vkjke ls lksrk gSµ iwjh jkr tks ukSdjh djuh gS blsA gekjh iqryh gS gh fdruh cM+hA ,d lsaVhehVj ls Hkh deA gekjs lksrs gh ;g tkx tkrk gS] viuk dke djusA dbZ fganh v[kckjksa esa] tulÙkk esa ugha] xzkeh.k [kcjksa esa ,d 'kCn vkrk gS % Qyka Fkkukarjxr xkaoA ;s iqryh dk Fkkusnkj vius varxZr vkus okys ,d lsaVhehVj ds xkao dk iwjk pDdj cM+h eqLrSnh ls yxkrk gSµ 7@8 ?kaVs esa ,d lsaVhehVj dh HkkxnkSM+ iwjh dj ysrk gSA mls Hkxoku dh rjg] gekjh rjg jfookj Hkh ugha feyrkA tUe ls e`R;q rd og dke gh djrk jgrk gSA og Hkh jfookj dh Nqêh ekaxus yxs rks ge lcdh vka[ksa] iwjh nqfu;k dh vka[ksa xbZa le>ksA vkidh vuqefr gks rks ge ,d ckj fQj jax'kkyk esa >kad ysaA yhft, foLr`r ukanh ikB lEiUu gks x;k gS vkSj vc gekjs lw=k/kkj dqN ,slh 89

ckrksa dh lwpuk fonw"kd ds lkFk n'kZdksa dks ns jgs gSa tks ml tekus dh pyrh ckrsa] czsfdax U;wt gksaxhA Bhd lqukbZ rks ugha ns jgk ij os ckyw dh Hkhr vkSj iou ds [kacs dh ckr dj jgs gSa 'kk;nA lw=k/kkj dk /;ku ,dne rkth ?kVukvksa ij pyk x;k gSA jsr dh nhokj esa ls chp dh foHkfä ^dh* gVk nsaA cpk D;k jsr&nhokj] jsr vkSj nhokjA iou dk [kack esa ls D;k tksM+sa] D;k gVk,aµ mls vHkh ;gha NksM+ nsaA cl iou ls gh dke pyk ysa vHkhA ,sls izlaxksa ls lw=k/kkj ukVd dh dgkuh dk cht cks nsrs gSa vkus okys dFkkud dh rjQ n'kZdksa dks ,d ladsr nsdjA fQj /khjs&/khjs blh cht ds lgkjs dFkkud dk iwjk o`{k [kM+k gksus okyk gSA vc rd vusd nsorkvksa dh Lrfqr] oanuk gks pqdh gSA vc rks ckjh gS ml fo'ks"k nsoh ;k nsork dh ftldks dsanz esa j[k dj vkt dk ukVd [ksyk tkuk gSA rks D;k irk FkksM+h gh nsj esa gekjs ;s lw=k/kkj nqxkZ dh oanuk djus tk jgs gksaA ckn esa tkudkjh yxsxh fd jsr vkSj nhokj dk muls dqN u dqN laca/k Hkh fudy gh vk;k gSA vktdy lcds ikl ,d fjeksV daVªksy jgrk gh gSA vki Hkh pkgsa rks mldk cVu nckdj ;g Hkk"k.k ;gha jksd ldrs gSa] og Hkk"k.k tks vHkh 'kq: gh ugha gks ik;k gSA cVu ladksp esa ugha nckrs vki rks vc tjk tYnh&tYnh vkxs c<+saA lw=k/kkj us cht cks gh fn;k gS rks vkxs c<+sa] bruh cM+h nqfu;k dk [ksyk cukrs le; czãk dks Hkh [kwc lkjh jsr dh t:jr iM+h gksxhA os jsr dgka ls yk, gksaxsA ;g rks vkt rd irk ugha py ik;k gSA ij tc [ksyk cu dj rS;kj gks x;k rks dqN jsr cp xbZA vc mls dgka j[k fn;k tk,\ ,slk yxrk gS czãk mls Fkkj ds jsfxLrku esa NksM+ vk, gksaxsA fdruh ek=kk gksxh ml jsr dh\ er iwfN,A Jh vkse Fkkuohth ogha ls gSaA BsB jsfxLrku] Fkkj ds chp cls QykSnh 'kgj lsA dksbZ 30 cjl igys mUgha us gesa dHkh maxyh idM+ dj vkSj dHkh viuh eksVj lkbdy ij ihNs fcBk dj ml lqugjh HkO; jsr ds n'kZu djk, FksA ml cph jsr ls uks,Mk] xzsVj uks,Mk rks NksfM+,] fQj ls ,d ckj ubZ l`f"V dk fuekZ.k gks ldrk gSA ij bruh nwjh ls mls yk,a dSls] fdl Hkko 90

iM+sxh\ [kpkZ dkSu Hkqxrsxk\ bruk [kpkZ dj dkSu& lk ekfQ;k vjcifr cu ik,xk\ rc vkids iSj ds uhps ls gh jsr D;ksa u fudky yh tk,A lw=k/kkj bl vk'kadk ls ?kcjk tkrk gSA og bls jksdus dh dksf'k'k djrk gSA u,&u, fo?u vkrs gSa mlds bl lRdk;Z esaA og ,d ckj fQj ttZj /ot dh Lrqfr izkjaHk dj nsrk gSA eq>s Bhd ;kn ugha fd ukV~; 'kkL=k uked ;g xzaFk dc fy[kk x;k gksxkA ij fo}ku crkrs gSa fd rhljh 'krkCnh esa] ;kuh vkt ls dksbZ l=kg lkS cjl igys bl xzaFk dks u, fljs ls ltk;k laokjk x;k FkkA laikfnr fd;k x;k FkkA dqN vuko';d izlax gVk, x, Fks] dqN ml tekus ds fglkc ls t:jh izlax tksM+s Hkh x, FksA blh xzaFk dk ,d iwjk v/;k; ukVd ds izkjaHk dh rS;kfj;ksa dk fo'kn fooj.k djrk gSA gekjs lw=k/kkj us tks dqN Hkh vHkh rd fd;k gS og blh xzaFk ds ckjgosa v/;k; ij vk/kkfjr gSA ;gka lkfgR;] izdk'ku txr ls tqM+s dbZ yksx cSBs gSaA mUgsa tku dj vPNk yxsxk fd blh fo"k; ij vkpk;Z gtkjhizlkn f}osnhth us Jh i`FohukFk f}osnhth ds lkFk ^ukV~; 'kkL=k dh Hkkjrh; ijaijk vkSj n'k :id* uke dh ,d lqanj iqLrd fy[kh FkhA bls vkt ls Bhd ipkl cjl igys lu~ 1963 esa jktdey us Nkik FkkA nke Fkk nl #i;kA okil nqfu;k ds [ksyk ijA ipkl cjl Hkwy tk,aA ;s bdkbZ] ngkbZ] lSdM+k] gtkj vkfn tks fxurh ge lc tkurs gSa muls ijs gSA vjc&[kjc gh ugha] fxurh crkus okys in~e] 'ka[k tSls u, 'kCn blesa xyh&xyh ?kwers gSaA bu 'kCnksa dks rks geus fdlh vkSj lanHkZ esa lquk Hkh gS ij ,sls Hkh 'kCn gSa ftUgsa izk;% ge lqu ugha ikrsµ vUR;µ ;g ,d la[;k gS vkSj blesa 1 ds vkxs 14 thjks yxrs gSaA 100]00]00]00]000]000 & bdkbZ] ngkbZ okyh 'kSyh esa 'kk;n 100 [kjcA bl xf.kr dks vklkuh ls le>us ds fy, ckn esa nks vkSj 'kCn vk,µ vukfn vkSj vuarA u 'kq: dk dqN irk u var dk dksbZ Bhd fglkcA ukV~; 'kkL=k gekjs gkFk vk;k dksbZ 17 lkS cjl igys vkSj nqfu;k dk [ksyk fdl rjktw ij rqysxk] mlds ckaV fdrus otu ds gksaxs og lc dYiuk ls ijs gSA 91

[kxksy 'kkL=k ds ekeys esa tks foLrkj gS] tks QSyko gS og rks LVhQu gkWfdax gh tkusa ij ftls ge dwi&eaMwd dg dj mldk etkd mM+krs gSa] gekjs dqa, ds ml esa<d dks vkdk'k ftruk fn[krk gS] gesa Hkh mlls T;knk bldk dqN irk ughaA ge mUgha nks 'kCnksa dks vukfn&vuar dks nqgjk dj viuh fo}Ùkk >kM+ nsrs gSaA vufxur vfHkusrk] uk;d] ,d ls c<+ dj ,d fdLls dgkfu;ka] oks Hkh gj jkst tqM+us okyh vkSj iwjh /kjrh ij QSyk 'kkunkj jaxeapA bl [ksyk esa n'kZd] vfHkusrk dk varj Hkh feV tkrk gSA dHkh ge vfHku; djrs gSa rks dHkh ge vfHku; ns[krs jg tkrs gSaA fQj ,d gh vkneh ds dbZ :i gks tkrs gSa ;gka& cgq:fi;kA funs'kd dkSu gS\ foKku vkSj /keZ esa vHkh rd Buh gSA fiNys fnuksa bZ'oj dk d.k Hkh ;wjksi dh vk/kqfudre iz;ksx'kkyk esa [kkstus dk nkok fd;k x;k gSA u,&iqjkus dfo t:j bldk mÙkj ns nsrs gSaµ dHkh funs'kd jke gSa rks dHkh xksiky gSa rks dHkh jkexksiky th! ;s funs'kd brus Hkkjh Hkjde fd nqfu;k ds [ksyk dk iwjk Bsdk cl bUgha dh daiuh ds iklA lcdks cl ;s gh upkrs gSa% lc gh upkor jkexksikyA bl fo'kky [ksyk esa ge lc lt&/kt dj ,d ls ,d cgq:fi;s cu dj mrjrs gSa] viuh Hkwfedk [kkstrs gSaA dHkh vPNh] dHkh [kjkcA dqN dk [ksyk Bhd ls iwjk gks tkrk gSA dqN dk v/kwjk NwV tkrk gSA dqN dk thou dh dgkuh ds fdlh [kkl eksM+ ij vk dj vVd tkrk gS] HkVd tkrk gSA rks thou ds bl [ksys dks vPNs ls [ksyrs tkus ds fy, Bhd vka[k pkfg,A Bhd ika[k] ia[k pkfg,A bl vka[k&ika[k dk larqyu lk/k dj j[kuk iM+rk gSA ugha rks Åaph ls Åaph] cM+h ls cM+h txg ij igqap dj Hkh ge ,sls fxj iM+rs gSa fd fQj mBk, ugha mB ikrsA HkkSfrd :i ls fxjrs gh gSa] ge viuksa dh utjksa esa Hkh fxj tkrs gSaA ;g fxjkoV gekjs [ksyk esa dSlh Qkad ykrh gS mldk o.kZu ugha fd;k tk ldrkA gekjs vfHku; esa tjk&lh Hkh deh] dlj jg tk, rks gekjs ifjokjksa dks] gekjh laLFkkvksa dks] ns'kksa dks fdruk Hkksxuk iM+rk gS ;g lc tkurs gSa] cw>rs gSaA fQj Hkh tkurs&cw>rs bl vfHku; dh [kksV ls dbZ ckj fojr ugha gks ikrs geA 92

vius bu nksuksa funs'kdksa dks gh ns[k ysa tjkA bu nksuksa us gesa rks upk;k ghA ij tc os [kqn bl [ksyk esa vorkj ysdj vk,] mudk jaxkorj.k gqvk rks os Hkh up x, FksA bu nksuksa ds thou esa Hkh dSlh&dSlh Qkad iM+h Fkhµ [kkl dj var esaA jketh ds lkFk e;kZnk vkSj iq#"kksa esa mÙke tSls fo'ks"k.k] xq.k tqM+s gh gq, FksA tc rd vka[k vkSj ika[k lgh jgs rks jko.k jFkh] fcjFk j?kqchjk Hkh py x;kA ,slk csesy ;q) Hkh jke thr x,A ij] vka[k&ika[k dk larqyu fcxM+k ugha fd mUgha ds ykM+ys csVksa us mudk ?kksM+k] v'oes/k dk ?kksM+k jksd fy;k FkkA iwjk thou yksxksa ls] ,d ls ,d lefiZr Hkäksa ls f?kjs jgus okys jke dk var vdsysiu esa gqvkA lUukVs esa gqvkA lj;w unh esa ty lekf/k ls gqvkA 'kk;n ,slh gh vuar ?kVukvksa dks ns[k nqfu;k dk [ksyk dh rqd ^eSa gwa vdsyk* ls tksM+rs jgs gSa dfo yksxA Jh Ñ".k dh yhyk rks yhyk gh gSA yhyk vijaikjA ij ns[ksa fd os viuh NksVh&lh maxyh ls banz dk Øks/k fuiVk nsrs gSa] xkso/kZu mBk dj fdlh vkSj ds clk, x, xkao dks ck<+ ls cpk ysrs gSaA ij mudh [kqn clk;h HkO; uxjh }kfjdk leqnz esa Mwc tkrh gSA mls os cpk gh ugha ikrsA vfip%A laLÑr ukVdksa esa mnkgj.kksa ds ckn vkSj mnkgj.k nsrs le; vfip% dgk tkrk gSA rks og Hkh lqu ysa % ftlus egkHkkjr ds ;q) esa nksuksa rjQ ls rjg&rjg ds 'kfä&ea=k&iq"V rhjksa dh o"kkZ lg yh gks] og tjk uke dsµ uke ij /;ku nsaµ tjk uked cgsfy, ds ekewyh ls rhj ls vius izk.k xoka nsrk gSA nqfu;k dk [ksyk] Ñ".kth Hkh vdsykA rks bl 'kkunkj [ksyk esa fdlh Hkh pht dh deh ughaµ blesa ls pkgs ftrus fdLls fudky yks] pkgs ftrus fdLls blesa tksM+ nksµ ;g mifu"kn~ ds 'kCnksa esa ges'kk iw.kZ gh cuk jgrk gSA ukVd esa ukS jl gSa] nqfu;k ds [ksyk esa Hkh ukS jl rks gSa gh HkkbZ ij buesa ukVdksa ds vfrjfä ,d jl vkSj tqM+ x;k gSA vki lc Hkh gSjku gksaxs fd ukS ds nl dSls gks x,A bl jl dk uke gSµ xUuk jl! xUus dk jl Hkh fey tkrk gSA dSls\ vkius xUus dk jl Bsys ij lkeus [kM+s gksdj fi;k gh gksxkA igys lkcqr xUuk Mkyrs gSaA fQj ,d ckj jl fudy vk;k rks mlh xUus dks nks ckj eksM+ dj fQj jl fudkyk tkrk gSA fQj rhljh 93

ckj nks ds cnys rhu&pkj ckj eksM+ dj vnjd] uhacw yxk dj fQj fupksM+k tkrk gSA tc rd bu lkjs fNydksa dk jl u fudy tk,µ nqdku okyk #drk gh ughaA bl [ksys dh nqdku okyk Hkh ge lc dk jl dHkh&dHkh blh 'kSyh esa fudkyrk gSA bruk le; rks vkidk cckZn ugha djuk gSA ij nks&pkj jlksa esa xUuk jl ns[k gh ysa geA nq[k ls 'kq# djsaA d#.k jl gS ukVd esaA vkSj bl [ksyk esa is'k gS ,d uewukA dksbZ lkB cjl igys dh ckr gSA ,d ckalqjh oknd FksA Js"B igys ntsZ ds dykdkjA 'kk;n mu fnuksa ds jsfM;ks ij Hkh ckalqjh ctkrs FksA Iysx QSyhA ifjokj esa budks feyk dj lkr lnL; FksA iRuh ejh jksx lsA cgqr gh izse djrs FksA vFkhZ mBk 'e'kkuA ykSVrs gq, lkjs jkLrs jksrs jgsA laHkkyk eqf'dy lsA ?kj vk, rks firk ejs feysA lwjt <y x;k FkkA jkr Hkj 'kjhj ?kj esa jgkA ;s lkeus cSBs jksrs jgsA lqcg mudk laLdkj fd;kA ykSVs rks eka tk pqdh FkhaA ,d&nks&rhuA vc vkalw #d x, FksA os LrC/k ekSu gks x,A vxys rhu fnuksa esa rhu cps lnL; vkSj x,A vafre lnL; dks vfXu nsus ds ckn budk u flQZ ekSu VwVk] ;s rks tksj&tksj ls galus yxs Fks % ßvjs] calh okys rw esjh ijh{kk ysuk pkgrk gSA ys ysA eSa Hkh lc dqN NksM+ oa`nkou vkrk gwaA rsjh ijh{kk ysusAÞ iwjh ftanxh fQj os oa`nkou dh xfy;ksa esa ?kwers gj NksVs&cM+s eafnj ds lkeus ckalqjh ctkrs tkrsA gkL; jl esa Hkh xUus dk jl feysxkA yhft, ,dne rkth phtA usylu eaMsyk dk fdLlk gS vHkh dqN fnu iqjkukA vktknh dh vn~Hkqr yM+kbZ yM+hA geesa ls dqN dh vk/kh mej cjkcj o"kZ tsy esa dkVsA ns'k dks vktknh fnykbZA fQj jk"Vªifr Hkh cusA iwjh nqfu;k esa 95 ds iwjs gksus ij mudk tUefnu euk;k x;k Fkk vkSj blh lcds chp muds 'kgj dh uxjikfydk us muds Åij cdk;k fctyh&ikuh dk fcy Hkst fn;k gSµ naM lesr dqN yk[k #i, dkA dqN gtkj cjl ihNs ykSVsaA ^lkS lky ftvks* those 'kjn% 'kre dk vk'khokZn lcus lquk gSA e`PNdfVde ukVd esa uk;d&ukf;dk dk uke] muds 94

fdLls dbZ yksx tkurs gh gSaA ukVd esa ,d pksj gS 'kfoZydA uk;d ds ?kj esa pksjh ds fy, lsa/k ekj dj ?kqlk gSA fonw"kd dks lksrk ns[k vk'khokZn nsrk gS% eS=ks;] Lofifg o"kZ'kre~A HkS;k blh rjg lkS cjl lksrs jgukA ohHkRl jl ds Hk;kud mnkgj.k rks bl [ksys esa Hkjs iM+s gSaA dHkh dk Hkh] dgha dk Hkh v[kckj mBk ysa galrs [ksyrs] [kkrs&ihrs foKkiuksa ds chp iwjk v[kckj blh ls Hkjk feyrk gSA ij ohHkRl jl dk fdLlk lquuk gh gks rks tujy uSdsM cV dk lqu ysaA vÝhdk dk if'peh&nf{k.kh Nksjµ yk;csfj;k uke dk ns'kA o"kks± rd x`g ;q) pyk gS ;gkaA blesa ,d i{k dk lsukifr Fkk tks'kqvkA blus vius fojksf/k;ksa dks ekj dj muds ftxj dks dkV dj uk'rk Hkh fd;k gSA ikap&lkr cjl ds cPpksa rd dh lsuk cuk MkyhA bu cPpksa dks ;q) esa ?klhVus ds fy, og lcls igys cPpksa ls muds ekrk&firk dh gh gR;k djok ysrk FkkA ;g fofp=k lsukifr nwljs i{k ij geyk djrs le; cl iSj esa lSfud okys Hkkjh&Hkjde twrs igurk] gkFk esa vkx mxyrh canwd] vax ij dksbZ diM+k ughaA blhfy, la;qä jk"Vª la?k vkfn dh nqfu;k esa bldk nwljk uke iM+ x;k Fkk tujy uSdsV cV] uax/kM+ax lsukifrA tks'kqvk us vius gh 20]000 yksxksa dks ekjk Fkk] ogha ds yksx] 'kk;n dchyk] tkfr vyx Fkh vkSj 'kk;n cksyh HkhA lHkh ns'kksa esa uofuekZ.k dh ;gh ifjHkk"kk gS vktdy! vc bl ohHkRl jl esa ,dne ls vn~Hkqr jl tqM+rk gSA [kwu ls lus f'k[kj ij [kM+s tks'kqvk dks canwdksa dh dkuQksM+w vkoktksa ds chp u tkus dgka ls varjkRek dh vkokt lqukbZ iM+ tkrh gSA og canwd Qsad nsrk gSA py iM+rk gS rhFkZ ;k=kk ijA rhFkZ dkSu lk\ os lc eqgYys] ?kj ftuesa ?kql&?kql dj mlus yksxksa dks ekjk FkkA mudk ftxj ifjokj ds yksxksa ds lkeus gh dkV dj [kk;k FkkA lykgdkjksa us le>k;k] ,slk er dj Hkwy dj HkhA yksx Nyuh cuk nsaxs rqEgkjhA bu jlksa esa vc ohj jl tqM+rk gS ,d u, :i esaA tks'kqvk fdlh dh ugha lqurkA cl varjvkRek dh lqurk gSA xtc dh fgEerA vc og ,dne fugRFks] lpeqp viuh vkRek ds cy ij] muds chp tkdj gkFk tksM+ dj vius iki dk izk;f'pr djrk gSA ml ij dgha Hkh geyk ugha gksrkA og yksxksa ds iSj Nwrk] [kqn jksrk] nwljs jksrsA 95

gekjs gh ns'k ds ,d ;qok QksVksxzkQj Hkh dksbZ de fgEer ugha fn[kkrsA mudk uke gSµ jkW;u ykscksA os Hkh blds ihNs&ihNs dSejk ysdj fQYe cukrs gSaA ;s gS nqfu;k dk fofp=k [ksykA Øks/k esa fdlh ij pIiy twrs Qsaduk vc dksbZ ubZ ckr ugha cph gSA twrk Qsadus okyk Hkh Øks/kh] ftl ij Qsadk og Hkh vkx ccwykA ij ,d [ksyk 1914 esa nf{k.k vÝhdk esa [ksyk x;kA tujy LeV~l ml le; iwjh nqfu;k esa QSys fczrkuh lkezkT; ds lcls cgknqj] lcls dq'ky] lcls ;ksX;] lcls l[r vkSj lcls Øwj iz'kkld ekus tkrs FksA [kqn xka/khth tSls fouez O;fä ds 'kCnksa esa os lcls ^/kwrZ* yksxksa esa fxus tkrs FksA nf{k.k vÝhdk esa izkjaHk gq, lR;kxzg esa bu nksuksa ds dM+os izlax dbZ gSaA tujy LeV~l us budks tsy esa Mkyk FkkA 'kk;n ;s xka/khth dks ekj Mkyuk Hkh pkgrs FksA u tkus dc xka/khth dh rst vka[kksa us muds iSj dk uki fy;k vkSj mUgsa ,d lS.My dh tksM+h vius gkFk ls cuk dj HksaV dhA tujy LeV~l us ckn esa dHkh fy[kk Fkk fd muds iSj bl ;ksX; ugha fd os bruh ifo=k lS.My igu ldasA Øks/k jl 'kkar jl esa cnyk vkSj fQj Xykfu rd esaA bl [ksyk esa vDlj ge lc dks yxrk gS fd ge tks dke djuk pkgrs Fks] oks rks gesa djus gh ugha fn;k x;kA rks ;s vPNk [kklk tekuk tkfye tekus esa cny tkrk gS gekjs fy,A rkfy;ka dc fiVrh gSa tc vkids lkeus uke] xqeuke ugha] uke vkSj uEcj fy[kh cfu;ku igus X;kjg yksx jksdus dks [kM+s gksaA rc vki xksy dj fn[kk,aA rkfy;ka rHkh ctrh gSaA fo?u bl [ksyk esa jkst vk,axsA xqeuke Hkh] uacj vkSj uke okyh cfu;kusa igus HkhA Åij dgha nqfu;k ds [ksyk dh rqdcanh vdsyk ls dh xbZ gSA ij fuosnu gS fd ;g dke cl dfo ij gh NksM+saA ge vkSj vki bl [ksyk dks Bhd ls [ksyuk pkgrs gSa rks vdsyk dks vdsyk gh NksM+ nsaA nqdsyk cusaA nwljksa dk lkFk ysa] nwljksa dk lkFk nsaA frdsyk] pkSdsyk ls Hkh c<+dj lkSdsyk tSls u, 'kCn gh ugha] u, laca/k Hkh cuk,aA bl [ksyk dks] Hkys gh og vkidks lkSrsyk cukuk pkgs] vki lkSrsyk u cuk,aA vkxs c<+sa] bl [ksyk dks vius xys feyk ysaA 96

jax'kkyk pysa ,d ckj fQjA ukVd 'kq# gks x;k gSA Hkksykeu lw=k/kkj us cht jksfir dj n'kZdksa dks ukVd dk uke Hkh yxHkx crk fn;k gSA ckyw&Hkhr&iouA jsr&nhokj&iouA vkSj yks fo?u 'keu ds brus iz;klksa ds ckn Hkh jax'kkyk ds lkeus fo?u vkus yxs gSaA vPNk gks ge lc Hkh ogha pysa vkSj lw=k/kkj dh dqN enn djsaA usfepan tSu Le`fr O;k[;ku uVjax izfr"Bku] lksyg vxLr nks gtkj rsjg

f'k{kk % fdruk ltZu] fdruk foltZu dksbZ ,d lkS ipklh cjl igys dh ckr gSA lu~ 1829 dhA

dksydkrk ds 'kksHkkcktkj uke dh ,d txg esa ,d ikB'kkyk dh] Ldwy dh LFkkiuk gqbZ FkhA ;g Ldwy cgqr fof'k"V FkkA bldh fof'k"Vrk ,d fo'ks"k O;fDr ls gh lqusa geA fouksck bl Ldwy esa 21 twu lu~ 1963 esa x, FksA mUgksaus ;gka f'k{kk dks ysdj ,d lqanj ckrphr dh FkhA mlds dqN fgLls ge vkt ;gka dh ckrphr esa nqgjk ysa vkSj fQj vkxs dh ckrphr blh fdLls ls c<+ ldsxhA fouksck dgrs gSa fdµ ßbl Ldwy ls dbZ egku fo|kFkhZ fudysA buesa igyk LFkku 'kk;n johanzukFk dk gSA mudh Le`fr esa bl Ldwy esa ,d f'kykiê Hkh yxk;k x;k gSA Ldwy bl iê esa cgqr xkSjo ls crkrk gS fd ;gka johanzukFk i<+rs FksA ;g ckr vyx gS fd ml le; johanzukFk dks Hkh ekywe ugha Fkk fd os gh ^johanzukFk* gSaA vkSj u Ldwy okyksa dks] muds lapkydksa dks ekywe Fkk fd os ^johanzukFk* gksaxsA ß;g Ldwy vknjiwoZd mudk Lej.k djrk gSA ysfdu xq#nso Hkh ml Ldwy dk oSls gh vknj ds lkFk Lej.k djrs gksaµ bldk dksbZ Bhd izek.k feyrk ughaA gka ,d txg mUgksaus ;g t:j fy[kk gS fd eSa ikB'kkyk ds dkjkokl ls eqDr gqvk] Ldwy NksM+ dj pyk x;kA ;kuh bl Ldwy esa mudk eu yxk ughaA fpÙk ugha yxkA ij Ldwy okyksa us rks viuk fpÙk mu ij yxk gh fn;k FkkAÞ fouksck fQj bl izlax dks Ldwy ls fcydqy vyx ,d vkSj laLFkk ls tksM+rs gSaA Ldwy laLFkk gS xq.kksa ds ltZu dh rks ;g nwljh laLFkk gS nqxqZ.kksa ds foltZu dhA thou esa dqN Hk;kud xyfr;ka] Hkwysa gks tk,a rks ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd mu Hkwyksa dks] xyfr;ksa dks feVkus dk dke bl laLFkk esa 98

gksrk gSA ;g laLFkk gS dkjkokl] tsyA blesa lkekU; vijkfèk;ksa ds vykok ljdkjsa] lÙkk,a] rkuk'kkg vkfn dbZ ckj ,sls yksxksa dks Hkh Hkhrj j[krs gSa] tks ml nkSj dh lÙkk ds fglkc ls dqN xyr dke djrs ekus tkrs gSa ij ckn esa rks lekt mUgsa vius eu esa ,d cM+k ntkZ ns nsrk gSA fouksck dgrs gSa] ßftl fdlh dkjkokl esa cM+s&cM+s yksx canh cuk dj j[ks tkrs gSa] ckn esa mu yksxksa ds uke Hkh ogka ,d cksMZ ij fy[k fn, tkrs gSaA os ;gka Fksµ bl ij dkjkokl dks cM+k xkSjo dk vuqHko gksrk gS vkSj og mls vc lkoZtfud Hkh dj nsuk pkgrk gSAÞ uSuh tsy esa usg:th] ;jonk tsy esa xkaèkhth vkSj eaMkys esa yksdekU; fryd vkSj lkmFk vÝhdk dh ,slh gh fdlh tsy esa usylu eaMsyk dk uke iRFkj ij mRdh.kZ fey tk,xkA Ldwy vkSj dkjkxkj rks ,d&nwljs ls furkar fHkUu] ,dne vyx&vyx laLFkk,a gksuh pkfg,µ ,dne vyx&vyx LoHkko dh O;oLFkk,a gksuh pkfg,A bUgsa pykus okyh ckrsa vyx Hkh gksuh pkfg,A dkjkxkj dh leL;k,a Hkh iwjh nqfu;k esa yxHkx ,d&lh gSa vkSj Ldwy dh leL;k,a Hkh yxHkx ,d&lhA dkjkxkj esa lqèkkj gksuk pkfg,µ bls dgrs lc gSa] ekurs lc gSa ij dHkh ,dkèk fdj.k ped tk,] nks&pkj ;ksxklu fl[kk fn, tk,aµ gkWyhoqM vkSj mlh dh rtZ ij ckWyhoqM Hkh ,dkèk fQYe cuk nsµ blls T;knk dqN gks ugha ikrkA dkjkxkj lqèkj ugha ikrs vkSj gekjs Ldwy rd oSls cuus yxrs gSaA fdlh Hkh eghus ds v[kckj iyV ysa] Ldwyksa esa D;k&D;k ugha gks jgkA johanzukFk us fouksck ds 'kCnksa esa dgsa rks ^lnks"k vkSj rax rkyhe* ds dkj.k vius Ldwy dks dkjkokl dgk FkkA ysfdu fouksck iwNrs gSa fd bu Ldwyksa esa ;fn vkt Hkh ,slh gh rkyhe nh tkrh gS rks lkspus dh ckr gS vkf[kj budk lqèkkj dc gksxkA Ldwy ,slk gksuk pkfg,] tgka cPps eqä eu ls lh[ksaA rks blh dfBu dke esa] Ldwyksa dks dkjkxkj u cuus nsus esa vki lc yksx tqVs gSaA u tkus dc ls yxs gSaA ;g laLFkk lhvkbZbZ f'k{k.k ds fojkV lalkj esa vfHkuo iz;ksxksa dks izksRlkgu nsus ds fy, gh cuh FkhA blds mn~?kkVu ds volj ij ekSykuk vkt+kn dk fn;k x;k Hkk"k.k vHkh Hkh gekjh èkjksgj 99

dh rjg gSA i<+uk] i<+kuk vkSj i<+kus okyksa dks i<+kukµ ,slh rhu Lrj dh Ldwy O;oLFkk esa D;k vPNk gS] D;k cqjk gS] D;k deh gS] D;k vPNkbZ gSµ ;g rks vki lc eq>ls csgrj gh tkurs gSaA eSa ml dke ds fy, ;ksa Hkh v;ksX; gh lkfcr gksÅaxkA [kqn i<+us esa] i<+kus esa esjh dksbZ [kkl xfr ugha FkhA iqjkus fdLls&dgkfu;ksa esa ufpdsrk dk fdLlk eq>s cpiu esa cgqr Hkk x;k FkkA ufpdsrk dh e`R;q fo"k;d ftKklk] ;e ls ml ckyd dk laokn vkfn ckrksa ls esjk dksbZ ysuk&nsuk ugha FkkA ml dgkuh esa ,d txg ufpdsrk] ftls ^Loxr Hkk"k.k* dgrs gSaµ oSls dqN cqncqnkrk gSA mlh cqncqnkgV esa ;g irk pyrk gS fd ufpdsrk dksbZ cgqr gksf'k;kj Nk=k ugha jgk gS! u og vxyh iafä dk Nk=k Fkk vkSj u ,dne fiNyh iafä dkA tjk vkSlr fdLe dk Nk=k Fkk ogA eSa Hkh ,slk gh vkSlr ntsZ dk Nk=k jgk] i<+kbZ ds vius iwjs nkSj esaA bl vkSlr ntsZ ij eSaus vkSj vkxs lkspkA dksbZ vè;;u tSlk] fu"d"kZ tSlk dke rks ugha fd;k ij bls nwljh ih<+h dks Hkh lkSaius dk dke lgt gh dj fy;k Fkk eSausA izkFkfed f'k{kk ds nkSj esa vius thou dh tc igyh ijh{kk nsdj esjk csVk dqN fpafrr&lk ?kj ykSVk Fkk rks eSaus iwN gh fy;k Fkk fd D;k ckr gS ,slhA mÙkj Fkk ipkZ vPNk ugha gqvkA og vkSj vkxs dqN crkrk] mlls igys gh eSaus iwNk Fkk fd rqEgkjh d{kk esa vkSj fdrus lkFkh gSa\ mÙkj Fkkµ pkyhlA ßrc rks fdlh u fdlh dks pkyhloka uacj Hkh vkuk iM+sxkA og rqe Hkh gks ldrs gksA eq>s blls dksbZ ijs'kkuh ugha gksxh vkSj rqEgsa Hkh ugha gksuh pkfg,AÞ ;g tks uacj xse py iM+k gS] bldk dksbZ var ugha gSA Ñ".kdqekjth us cgqr igys ,d lqanj ys[k fy[kk Fkk] 'kk;n vkt ls dksbZ Ng cjl igysµ thjks le xseA uacjksa ds bl [ksy esa fdlh dks dksbZ ykHk ugha gks jgk] ysfdu gekjh ,d&nks ihf<+;ksa dks rks blesa >ksad gh fn;k x;k gSA ?kj dk dpjk rks dHkh&dHkh njh ds uhps Hkh Mky dj fNik fn;k tkrk gS ij lekt esa ;fn ;g Hkkouk c<+rh xbZ fd 90 izfr'kr ls uhps dk dksbZ vFkZ ugha rks gj o"kZ gekjh f'k{k.k laLFkkvksa ls fudys brus lkjs vlQy crk fn, x, Nk=k dgka tk,axs\ fdruh cM+h njh pkfg, uCcs izfr'kr ls 100

de okys bl u, dpjs dks fNikus\ ehVjksa ugha] fdyksehVjksa yach&pkSM+h njhA yxHkx iwjk ns'k <ad tk, bruh cM+h njh cukuh iM+sxhA fQj njh ds uhps fNis uCcs ds uhps okys Hkyk dc rd 'kkar cSBsaxsµ njh esa os txg&txg Nsn djsaxs] mls QkM+ dj Åij >kadsaxsA eSaus r; fd;k Fkk fd vkt vki lcds chp esa ,sls ,d Ldwy dk fdLlk j[kwaxk tks bl 90&99 ds Qsj ls cpk jgkA ,slk cpk fd mlus 90&99 ds Qsj dks vius vklikl ds yksxksa rd dks Bhd ls le>k;k vkSj ,d ,slk dke dj fn[kk;k tks ge [kqn Hkh ugha dj ikrsµ mlus lekt esa vPNh f'k{kk ds njokts [kksys] exj vius Ldwy ds njokts can dj fn,! 99 dk Qsj gekjs cPpksa esa viw.kZrk dh Xykfu Hkjrk gSA og mUgsa trkrk jgrk gS fd blls de uacj vkus ij rqe u vius dke ds gks] u ?kj ds dke ds vkSj u lekt ds dke dsA fQj os [kqn Hkh ,slk ekuus yxrs gSa] muds ekrk&firk Hkh mUgsa blh rjg ns[kus yxrs gSaA fQj ;s rhuksa foHkktu ,d gh :Ik esa lek tkrs gSaA og :Ik gS jkst&jkst c<+rk cktkjA rqe cktkj ds dke ds ughaA rqe iwjs ugha gks] iw.kZ ughaA viw.kZ gksA fugk;r csodwQ gksA [kqn ij Hkh cks>k gks] ge ij Hkh cks>kA gj lky ,sls mnkgj.kksa dh deh ugha tks crkrs gSa fd 99 u vk ikus dk] viw.kZrk dk cks>k fdruk Hkkjh gks tkrk gSA ml Hkkjh cks> dks mBkdj thou thus ds cnys bu dksey cPpksa dks] fd'kksj Nk=kksa dks viuh tku ns nsuk] vkRegR;k djuk T;knk Bhd yxrk gSA bl Ldwy ij vkus ls igys ,d ckj fQj fouksck dk lgkjk ys ysaA os johanzukFk ds Ldwy okys izlax esa gh ,d cgqr Åaph ckr dgrs gSaA os cPpksa dks Hkh mruk gh iww.kZ ekurs gSa] ftrus iw.kZ muds ekrk&firk gSaA os bZ'k mifu"kn ds iw.kZen% iw.kZfene dk mYys[k djrs gSaA ;g Hkh iw.kZ] og Hkh iw.kZA eka&cki Hkh iw.kZ] cPps Hkh iw.kZ vkSj muds f'k{kd Hkh iw.kZA ;fn eka&cki dh viw.kZrk ns[k dj cPps dks f'k{kk nksxs rks igys rks Nk=k viw.kZ fn[ksxk vkSj fQj eka&cki f'k{kd esa Hkh viw.kZrk ns[kus yxsaxsA ;g tjk dfBu&lh ckr yxrh gSµ iw.kZrk vkSj viw.kZrk dhA ysfdu cPps dks iw.kZ le> dj rkyhe nsus yxsa rks dy f'k{k.k dk <ax gh cny 101

tk,xkA fouksck dgrs gSa fd blds fy, cPps ds vklikl dh lkjh l`f"V vkuane; gksuh pkfg,A Ldwy Hkh vkuane; gksuk pkfg,A rc Ldwy esa Nqêh dk loky gh ugha mBrk] D;ksafd og dksbZ ltk rks ugha gSA og rks vkuan dk fo"k; gSA ,slh ckras ^nwj dh dkSM+h* yxsaxhA ij le;&le; ij vusd f'k{kkfonksa us] f'k{kk'kkfL=k;ksa us] Økafrdkfj;ksa rd us] mu lcus ftuus lekt dh f'k{kk ij dqN lkspk&le>k Fkkµ muus ^vkdk'k dqlqe* tSlh dYiuk,a dh rks gSaA muds uke nslh Hkh gSa] fons'kh HkhA i<+kus dk iwjk 'kkL=k tkuus okys vki lc mu ukeksa ls eq>ls dgha T;knk ifjfpr gSaA vkSj blesa Hkh 'kd ugha fd fujk'kk ds ,d yacs nkSj esa lkal ysrs geesa ls T;knkrj dks yxsxk fd ,slk gksrk ugha gSA ysfdu nwu ;k _f"k tSls ifjfpr ukeksa ls vyx gV dj ,d xqeuke Ldwy dh ;k=kk djsaxs vktA Ldwy dk uke ugha ij ogka igqapus ds fy, dqN rks Nksj idM+uk iM+sxk uA blfy, xkao ds uke ls 'kq: djrs gSa ;g ;k=kkA xkao gSµ ykiksfM+;kA t;iqj ftys esa vtesj ds jkLrs eq[; lM+d NksM+dj dksbZ 20&22 fdyksehVj ck,a gkFk ijA ;gka uo;qodksa dh ,d NksVh&lh Vksyh dqN lkekftd dkeksa esa] [ksydwn esa] Hktu vkfn xkus esa yxh FkhA xkao esa ,d ljdkjh Ldwy FkkA ij lc cPps mlesa tkrs ugha FksA 'kk;n rc ljdkj dks Hkh ^loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku* lw>k ugha FkkA xkao esa iqj[kksa ds cus rhu cM+s rkykc Fks] ij os u tkus dc ls VwVs iM+s FksA cjlkr gksrh Fkh ij bu rkykcksa esa ikuh ugha fVdrk FkkA vxy&cxy ls cg tkrk FkkA bUgsa lqèkkjs dkSuA iapk;r rks xzke fodkl dh ;kstuk,a cukrh Fkh! vkSj mu ;kstukvksa esa ;g lc rks vkrk ugha FkkA Xkkao esa Ik'kq&cdjh] xk;] cSy dkQh FksA vkSj pjkus ds fy, Xokys FksA Xokys T;knkrj cPps gh Fks] fd'kksj] ftUgsa vki lc 'kk;n ^nwljk n'kd* ds uke ls Hkh tkurs gSaA xkspj Fkk t:j ij gj xkao dh rjg bl ij dbZ rjg ds dCts FksA ?kkl&pkjk Fkk ugha ogkaA blfy, ;s Xokys Ik'kqvksa dks nwj&nwj pjkus ys tkrs FksA 102

Uko;qodksa dh NksVh&lh Vksyh bUgha esa ?kwerh FkhA fdlh isM+ ds uhps cSB mUgsa Hktu fl[kkrh] xhr xokrhA bl Vksyh ds uk;d y{e.kflagth ls vki iwNsaxs rks os cM+s gh lgt <ax ls crkrs gSa fd dksbZ cM+k Åapk fopkj ugha Fkk gekjs iklA u ge ubZ rkyhe tkurs Fks] u iqjkuh rkyhe vkSj u fdlh rjg dh ljdkjh rkyheA f'k{kk dk dgus yk;d dksbZ fopkj gesa irk ugha FkkA ;g fdLlk gS lu~ 1977 dkA fnu Hkj ,sls gh xkrs&ctkrs Ik'kq pjkrsA ,d lkFkh Fks xksiky VsyjA bruh vaxzsth vk xbZ Fkh fd nthZ ds cnys Vsyj 'kCn T;knk otu j[krk gS clA rks xksiky Vsyj dks yxk fd fnu esa rks ;s lc dke gksrs gh gSa] jkr dks ,d ykyVsu tyk dj dqN fy[kuk&i<+uk Hkh rks lh[kuk pkfg,A Lkjdkjh Ldwy Fkk ij mlesa rks ^Hkjrh* gksuk iM+rk Fkk] jkst fnu dks tkuk iM+rk FkkA jkr dks dksbZ D;ksa i<+k,xk\ eu esa ljdkjh 'kkyk ds lekukarj dksbZ jkf=k 'kkyk [kksyus tSlh Hkh dksbZ dYiuk ugha FkhA ljdkj ds VDdj ij dksbZ izkbosV Ldwy Hkh [kksyus dh u rks bPNk Fkh] u gSfl;rA y{e.kflagth crkrs gSa fd vPNs fopkjksa dks mrkjus esa le; yxrk gS] esgur yxrh gS] lkèku yxrs gSaµ ;g lc Hkh gesa dqN irk ugha FkkA ugha rks ge rks bl lcls ?kcjk tkrs vkSj fQj dqN gks ugha ikrkA gekjs ikl rks cl nks phtsa Fkhaµ èkhjt vkSj vkuanA Xkkao dks irk Hkh ugha pyk vkSj xkao esa ljdkjh Ldwy ds jgrs gq, ,d ^vkSj* Ldwy [kqy x;kA gesa Hkh ugha irk pyk fd ;g dc [kqy x;kA Ldwy [kqy gh x;k rks gesa irk pys mlds xq.kA dkSu ls xq.k] vkSj D;k ;s lpeqp xq.k gh FksA ;g lwph cgqr yach gSA vki tSls f'k{kkfon bu ij dke djsaxs rks gesa bu xq.kksa dks vkSj Hkh le>us dk ekSdk feysxkA fdlls djokrs mn~?kkVu] D;ksa djokrs mn~?kkVu tc irk gh ugha fd ;g Ldwy dc [kqy x;k\ Ldwy dk uke Hkh ugha j[kk Fkk] uke rks rc j[krs tc irk jgrk fd dksbZ Ldwy [kqyus tk jgk gSA tc fcuk uke dk Ldwy [kqy gh x;k rks fQj rks ;gh lkspus yxs fd Ldwy dk uke D;ksa j[kukA D;k ;g Hkh dksbZ t:jh pht gS\ fcuk uke ds dke rks vPNk py jgk gSA 103

usrkvksa ds uke ij cus Ldwyksa dh deh ughaA Økafrdkfj;ksa] 'kghnksa] larksa] eqfu;ksa] _rqvksa] _f"k;ksa vkSj rks vkSj tkr&fcjknjh ds Åaps vkSj NqVHkS;s usrkvksa ds uke ij Hkh lc rjQ Ldwy gSa ghA ij lpeqp vxj iwjs ns'k esa gj xkao esa Ldwy [kksyus gksa rks dksbZ ikap&lkr yk[k ukeksa dh t:jr iM+sxhA u;k D;k gks ik,xk\ rks dqN er djksA xqeuke Ldwy py iM+kA cPpksa ls dgka tk jgs gks tSls iz'u iwNus okys yksx Fks ughaA u iks'kkd Fkh] u onhZ Fkh] cLrk cks> okyk Hkh ugha Fkk] fcuk cks> okyk cLrk Hkh ugha FkkA Ldwy tSlk dqN Fkk ugha rks uke fdldk j[krs! Hkou ugha Fkk] u vPNk] u fxjrk&iM+rkA pyrk&fQjrk Ldwy FkkA vkt ;gka] dy ogkaA xehZ ds ekSle esa cM+s cjxn ds uhps] BaM ds fnuksa esa [kqys esa èkwi ds lkFkA iz'u iwNus okyksa dh D;k dehA dksbZ iwN gh cSBs fd vkSj cjlkr ds fnuksa esa dgka yxkvksxs Ldwy\ rks mÙkj feyrk fd lc cPps rks fdlku&ifjokj ls gSaA cjlkr esa os lc vius [ksrksa esa dke djrs gSaA ;kuh rc vuè;k;] Nqêh j[kh tk,xh D;k\ mÙkj feyrk fd ughaA mu fnuksa gekjs cPps xq.kk&Hkkx lh[krs gSaA xq.kk&Hkkx dSlk\ Hkxoku dk xq.kk&HkkxA ,d eqV~Bh xsgwa cksus ls tks ikSèks mxsaxs] mudh ckyh fxu dj rks ns[kksA izÑfr dk fojkV xq.kk&Hkkx le>us dk bruk lqanj ekSdk dc feysxkA lkjs ljy vkSj dfBu xq.kk&Hkkx] nks nwuh pkj tSls lkjs igkM+ksa dk igkM+] xf.kr dk igkM+ Hkh [ksrh ds xq.kk&Hkkx ls NksVk gh] ckSuk gh gksxkA ;g u;k cht&xf.kr] chtksa dk xf.kr thou ds f'k{k.k dk Hkkx cu x;k FkkA d{kkvksa dk 'kq: esa foHkktu ugha FkkA ij èkhjs&èkhjs igyh Vksyh ds cPps vkxs c<+s rks os vius vki nwljh d{kk esa vk x,A os vius ihNs tks [kkyh txg dj vk, Fks] mlesa vc mRlkg ls ,d ubZ tekr vk xbZA ij igyh d{kk esa i<+k D;k\ dkSu&lk ikB~;Øe\ dksbZ cuk cuk;k <kapk ugha j[kk x;k FkkA tks v{kj Kku ljdkjh Ldwy esa i<+k;k tkrk Fkk] ;k dgsa ^ugha i<+k;k* tkrk Fkk] mls ;gka fcuk MkaVs&QVdkjs i<+k fn;k FkkA vkSj lkFk esa vufxur ubZ ckrsa] tkudkfj;ka ikB~;Øe ds vykok HkhA dqN ipkl isM+&ikSèkksa ds uke rks mUgsa vkrs gh Fks] ysfdu vc mu ukeksa dks fy[kuk Hkh vk x;k FkkA Ikgyh ls nwljh d{kk ds chp ;ksa dksbZ nhokj rks ugha Fkh] Hkou gh ugha FkkA fQj Hkh cPpksa dks yxk fd Ldwyksa esa ijh{kk gksrh gS rks gekjh ijh{kk 104

dc gksxh\ bl vfHkuo ikB'kkyk dks pykus okyh uo;qodksa dh Vksyh [kqn dksbZ cM+h i<+h&fy[kh rks Fkh ughaA vkil esa cSB nks&pkj rjg ds iz'uµ Hkk"kk] v{kj Kku] fxurh vkfn ds cuk fy,A ,dkèk o"kZ bl rjg ls ipsZ cus] ipsZ tkaps Hkh x, vkSj ikl&Qsy crkus ds cnys cPpksa dks cqykdj mudh xyfr;ka oxSjg tks Fkha] oks lc le>k nha vkSj mUgsa vxyh d{kk esa Hkst fn;kA fQj bl Vksyh dks yxk fd thou esa iz'u iwNuk Hkh rks vkuk pkfg, cPpksa dksA D;ksa u ge mUgsa vHkh ls iz'u iwNuk fl[kkus yxsaA blls ge Hkh dqN u;k lh[ksaxs] os HkhA r; gqvk fd gjsd Nk=k ,d iz'u i=k [kqn cuk,xkA chl Nk=kksa dh d{kk esa ,d gh fo"k; ij chl iz'u i=k rS;kj gks x,A ;g Hkh fu.kZ; fd;k x;k fd mUgsa vkil esa iÙkksa dh rjg QhaV dj ,d nwljs esa ckaV fn;k tk,A ns[kk x;k fd lHkh iz'u i=k Bhd&Bkd cus Fks] u cM+s ljy] u cgqr dfBuA mÙkjksa dh tkap Vksyh ds lnL;ksa us gh dhA ,dkèk o"kZ blh rjg pykA fQj ;g ckr Hkh è;ku esa vkbZ fd iz'u tc cPps cuk gh jgsa gSa rks mÙkj iqfLrdk dh tkap ge D;ksa djsa ! ;g dke Hkh cPpksa ij Mky dj ns[kuk pkfg,A vkf[kj thou esa viuk [kqn dk ewY;kadu larqfyr <ax ls djuk Hkh vkuk pkfg,A u vius dks dksbZ rhlekj[kka le>s vkSj u nwljksa ls x;k xqtjkA lgt vkRefo'okl ls cPpksa dk eu [kqyuk vkSj f[kyuk pkfg,A iz'u Hkh rqEgha iwNks] mÙkjksa dh tkap&iM+rky Hkh rqEgha djks vcA Vksyh dh t:jr iM+s rks enn yh tk ldrh gSA ^viuk gkFk txUukFk* tSls eqgkojs i<+ rks yks ij mUgsa vius thou ls nwj gh j[kksA bl xqeuke Ldwy dk dksbZ lapkyd eaMy ugha FkkA vè;{k] lnL;] ea=kh] izèkkukpk;Z] dks"kkè;{k tSlk dksbZ in ugha FkkA eghus esa dqy ftruk [kpZ gksrk] mruk pank ekrk&firk ls fey tk, rks Qhl D;ksa ysukA dbZ ckj dksbZ dgrk fd Qly dVus ij ge dqN ns ik,axs] vHkh rks gS ughaA Ldwy esa dksbZ jftLVj ugha Fkk] blfy, Qhl] gktjh] fdlus fn;k iSlk] fdlus ughaµ ,slk dqN Hkh fjdkWMZ ugha j[kk x;kA cPps i<+ jgs Fks] [ksy jgs Fks] vkuan dj jgs FksA xkao esa bu uo;qodksa dh Vksyh dh ,d laLFkk Hkh Fkhµ xzke fodkl uo;qod eaMyA mlesa dbZ rjg ds esgeku vkrs FksA dHkh vklikl ls rks dHkh nwj&nwj ls HkhA Vksyh mu esgekuksa ls Hkh dgrh fd FkksM+k le; fudkysa vkSj cPpksa ls Hkh ckrsa djsaA 105

D;k ckrsa\ dqN Hkh crk,a tks vkidks Bhd yxsA ,d o"kZ esa 25&30 ^foftfVax QSdYVh*A jk"Vªh;] varjkZ"Vªh; ^f'k{kd*A rjg&rjg dh tkudkfj;ka nsus okys f'k{kdA Ldwy py iM+k ets&ets esaA bèkj bu cPpksa ds psgjksa ij lpeqp Kku dh ,d ped&lh fn[kus yxh FkhA tks ifjokj vius cPpksa dks ljdkjh Ldwy Hkst jgs Fks] os Hkh vc dHkh&dHkh bl fofp=k Ldwy esa vkus yxs FksA mUgsa Hkh ;gka dk okrkoj.k [kqyk&[kqyk&lk fn[kkA MkaV&QVdkj] ekjk&ihVh dqN ughaA cPps egdrs&ls] pgdrs&ls fn[krs FksA dqN ifjokjksa us vius cPpksa dks ljdkjh Ldwy ls fudky dj bl Ldwy esa Mky fn;kA uo;qodksa dh Vksyh dks yxk fd ,d gh xkao esa de ls de f'k{kk dks ysdj gksM+ ugha epuh pkfg,A y{e.kflagth ,d fnu ljdkjh Ldwy pys x,A izèkku ekLVjth ls feysA cM+h fouezrk ls mUgsa Hkh vius Ldwy vkus dk fuea=k.k fn;kA dgk ;s Hkh vkids gh cPps gSa] vkidk gh Ldwy gSA vkids ;gka FkksM+h HkhM+ T;knk gks xbZ Fkh rks ogka dqN dj fy;k gSA èkhjs&èkhjs ogka ds ,dkèk ekLVj bèkj Hkh vkus yxsA os ;gka ds cPpksa esa T;knk jeus yxsA ,d cM+k varj rks le>nkjh dk FkkA Åèke ;gka fcydqy ugha FkkA cpiu Fkk ysfdu cpiuk ugha FkkA mej esa l;kus gq, fcuk cPps O;ogkj esa fdrus l;kus gks ldrs gSaµ bldk dqN fp=k mHkjus yxk FkkA bl chp xkao ds rhuksa VwVs rkykc Hkh uo;qodksa dh Vksyh vkSj mudh laLFkk dks ckgj ls feyh dqN enn ls cu x, FksA ;gka ikuh de gh cjlrk gSA dksbZ 24 bapA ij vc ftruk Hkh cjlrk] mls jksdus dk iwjk izcaèk gks x;k FkkA rc vkbZ ckjh xkao ds xkspj dks Bhd djus dh] dCts gVkus dhA fQj bl vkanksyu esa bl Ldwy ds lHkh cPpksa us Hkh Hkkx fy;kA dHkh&dHkh rks BaM dh jkrsa xkspj esa jtkbZ vks<+ dj igjk nsrs gq, Hkh dkVhaµ vius ekrk&firk ds lkFkA xkao esa lHkh tkfr;ksa ds ifjokj gSaA pksjh&fNis dbZ ifjokj vklikl ds fgj.k] [kjxks'k dk f'kdkj djrs FksA xkspj mtM+ tkus ls budh la[;k Hkh de gks xbZ FkhA ij xkspj lqèkjus yxk rks ou ds ;s NksVs Ik'kq Hkh vkus yxsA rc xkao ykiksfM+;k us lcdh cSBd dj f'kdkj u [ksyus dk ladYi fy;kA bldk Ldwy ls ;ksa dksbZ [kkl lacaèk ugha fn[ksxkA ij 'kgj ds vius 106

cPps Ldwyksa dh rjQ ls dHkh&dHkh fpfM+;k?kj tkrs gSa uA ykiksfM+;k xkao us vius iwjs {ks=k dks [kqyk fpfM+;k?kj ?kksf"kr fd;kA lc dh fuxjkuh lsA blesa Ldwy us Hkh lkFk fn;kµ txg&txg oU; izkf.k;ksa ds laj{k.k] laoèkZu ds cksMZ cuk dj yxk fn,A vkSj ml bckjr dks yksxksa ds eu esa Hkh mrkjus dh dksf'k'k dhA bl [kqys fpfM+;k?kj esa 'kgjksa ds fpfM+;k?kjksa dh rjg Hkys gh 'ksj] gkFkh ;k ftjkQ u gksa ysfdu tks Hkh tkuoj vkSj i{kh Fks] os bl Ldwy dh rjg gh [kqys esa ?kwers Fks vkSj muds chp ?kwers Fks bl vuks[ks Ldwy ds ;s cPpsA Ldwy dh d{kk,a vkxs c<+rh xbZaA igyh nwljh gks xbZ] nwljh rhljhA bl rjg tc igyh ckj lkroha d{kk vkBoha cuh rks vkBoha ds cksMZ dh Åaph nhokj cPpksa ds lkeus [kM+h FkhA ;g nhokj igyh ckj vkbZ FkhA lu~ 1985 dh ckr gksxhA vc rd rks os [kqn viuh ijh{kk ysrs Fks] [kqn gh iz'u cukrs Fks] [kqn gh vius mÙkjksa dks lkoèkkuh ls tkaprs FksA vc mUgsa nwljksa ds cuk, iz'u&i=k feyus okys FksA muds mÙkj Hkh dksbZ vkSj tkapus okys FksA ysfdu cPpksa dks] bl Vksyh dks vkSj muds ekrk&firk dks Hkh bldh dksbZ [kkl fpark ugha FkhA ns'k ds u tkus fdrus {ks=kksa esa cksMZ dh ijh{kk dk Hkwr eaMjkus yxrk gSA ml vn`'; Mj ls ;g Ldwy eqä FkkA iwjh rS;kjh Fkh igyh ckj vkBoha dh ,d vifjfpr ckèkk ls feyus dhA lc cPpksa ds QkWeZ jkT; f'k{kk cksMZ esa izkbosV Nk=k dh rjg tek djk, x,A ogha ds ljdkjh Ldwy esa mUgsa ijh{kk esa cSBus dh vuqefr feyhA vius Ldwy esa ijh{kk Hkh viuh gh FkhA rqjar ifj.kke vk tkrk FkkA ;gka f'k{kk eaMy dk fo'kky laxBu FkkA iwjs jkT; esa QSyk gqvkA blfy, ifj.kke vkus esa yack bartkj djuk iM+kA ij tks cPps ijh{kk ns pqds Fks] mUgksaus bl chp esa Ldwy vkuk can ugha fd;kA os ges'kk dh rjg vkrs jgsA ubZ&ubZ phtsa djrs jgs] vius ls NksVs cPpksa dks i<+krs Hkh jgsA ifj.kke vk;kA bl xqeuke Ldwy dh iwjh d{kk bl nhokj dks ets esa Qkan xbZ FkhA ifj.kke 'kr&izfr'kr FkkA cPpksa dh la[;k Hkh c<+ pyh Fkh] blfy, f'k{kdksa dh t:jr Hkh iM+hA ij ;g la[;k nks ;k rhu ls T;knk dHkh ugha gks ikbZA ckdh i<+kbZ cPps fey dj djrsA cM+h d{kk ds cPps NksVh d{kk dks i<+krsA vaxzsth] 107

foKku vkSj xf.kr esa FkksM+k vH;kl j[kus okys jkeukjk;.k cqudj vkSj fdlh vU; 'kgj ls fookg dj xkao esa vkbZ jkts'k daoj us enn nhA ij ;s Hkh cPpksa dks i<+kus dh dksbZ fMxzh ugha j[krs FksA i<+krs&i<+krs lh[krs x,] fl[kkrs x,A cPps lu~ 1985 ds ckn gj lky vkBoha dh ,d nhokj dwanrs&Qkanrs jgsA gka Ldwy dh bekjr rks dHkh&Hkh ugha cuh] ij dqN o"kZ ckn ikB~;Øe dh fdrkcsa c<+us yxhaA rks dqN ubZ [kjhn djuh iM+hA bu fdrkcksa&dkWfi;ksa dks jkst&jkst ?kj ls Hkkjh cLrs esa ykuk vkSj fQj Ldwy ls okil ?kj ys tkus ds fu;e Hkh cM+s yphys j[ks x,A pkgks rks ys vkvks] pkgks rks ys tkvksA ,d ?kj esa fdlh dksus esa cuh vkyekfj;ksa esa lcds cLrs j[kus dk bartke Hkh gks x;k FkkA ftls ^gkseodZ* dgk tkrk gS] og ;gka ugha FkkA ;ksa Hkh ?kj esa dksbZ de dke gksrs gSa D;k\ ?kj ds ,sls dkeksa esa ekrk&firk dk gkFk cVkuk Hkh rks ,d f'k{k.k gh gSA Ldwy esa tc Bhd ekuh xbZ la[;k esa f'k{kd gh ugha Fks rks pijklh tSlk in Hkh dgka gksrkA ns'k Hkj ds] 'kk;n nqfu;k Hkj ds Ldwyksa esa ctus okyh ?kaVh ;gka ugha ctrh FkhA blfy, fnu dk le; vyx&vyx fo"k;ksa ds ?kaVksa esa ckaVk ugha tkrk FkkA vkt Hkk"kk i<+ jgs gSa rks nks&pkj fnu Hkk"kk] O;kdj.k] mPpkj.k] foHkfä;kaµ lc dqN vPNs&ls i<+ le> yksA fQj ckjh xf.kr dh vk xbZ rks nks&pkj fnu xq.kk&Hkkx dk etk yksA dHkh&dHkh rks ,d gh fo"k; iwjs g¶rs py tkrkA ipkl fefuV dh ryokj fdlh ds flj ij ugha yVdrh Fkhµ u f'k{kd ij u Nk=k ijA fQj Ldwy esa fdlh ?kj ls ,d v[kckj Hkh vkus yxkA cM+s cPpksa dks fdrkcksa ds vykok v[kckj i<+us dh Hkh bPNk gks rks og iwjh dh tkuh pkfg,A xkao ds lHkh ?kjksa esa ;ksa Hkh v[kckj ugha vkrk FkkA Ldwy esa v[kckj vkus yxk rks lc mls i<+us yxsA fQj cPpksa us v[kckj dh [kcjksa ij fVIi.kh Hkh nsuk] viuh ilan] ukilan Hkh crkuk 'kq: fd;kA vc os FkksM+k vkxs c<+sA [kqn gkFk dk fy[kk nks&pkj iUus dk ,d v[kckj Hkh fudkyus yxsA Ldwy dk uke ugha Fkk] rks v[kckj Hkh fcuk uke dk fudkykA g¶rs esa ,d ckjA gkFk ls xkao dh] Ldwy dh] [ksrh&ckM+h dh] vklikl dh 108

[kcjsa] fVIif.k;ka fy[kh tkrhaA xkao ls 20 fdyksehVj nwj t;iqj&vtesj lM+d ij nwnw dLcs esa QksVks dkWih e'khu FkhA 'kgj vkrs&tkrs fdlh ds gkFk ls gLrfyf[kr lkexzh Hkst nh tkrhA dksbZ lkS izfr;ka QksVks dkWih gksdj okil vk tkrhaA bls cPpksa ds vykok xkao ds cM+s yksx Hkh [kjhnrsA fQj pk; rd dh nqdkuksa ij bls i<+k tkus yxk FkkA vkB vkuk ;k ,d #i;k nke Hkh j[kk x;k rkfd QksVks dkWih dk [kpZ fudy vk,A dksf'k'k dh tkrh fd vfèkd ls vfèkd cPps blesa viuh jk; j[ksa] dqN u dqN lc fy[ksaA ,slk Ldwy pyk ldus okyh Vksyh] mldk xkao vHkh ,d vkSj fofp=k iz;ksx djus tk jgk FkkA Xkkao us f'kdkj can dj fn;k FkkA oU; izkf.k;ksa dk laj{k.k xkao [kqn dj jgk FkkA [kqys fpfM+;k?kj dk ftØ igys gh vk pqdk gSA Xkkao ds rhuksa rkykc Bhd gksdj vc yckyc Hkjus yxs FksA ,d rkykc ij pqXxk Hkh j[kk tkus yxk FkkA gj ?kj viuh Qly ls dqN vukt fudky dj bl pqXxk&?kj esa cuh ,d dksBjh esa tek djrk FkkA ;gka ls bldk ,d va'k jkst fudky dj ,d fo'ks"k cus pcwrjs ij Mky fn;k tkrkA bl Åaps pcwrjs ij fcYyh&dqÙks >iV ugha ldrs FksA vklikl dh dbZ rjg dh fpfM+;ksa ds >qaM ;gka csfQØ vkrs vkSj nkuk pqxrs FksA lqcg ls 'kke rd pgpgkgV cuh jgrh FkhA Pkwgs dgka ugha gSaA ykiksfM+;k esa Hkh [kwc FksA fdlkuksa ds ?kjksa esa dgha u dgha rks vukt dh cksfj;ka gksaxh ghA ,d fnu y{e.kflagth dks yxk fd ge lc ?kjksa esa pwgksa dks idM+us ds fy, fiatjs j[krs gSaA idM+rs rks [kqn gSa ij fQj cPpksa dks fiatjk Fkek dj dgrs gSa] ckgj NksM+ dj vkvks ;k ekj nksA isM+ cpk jgs gSa] oU; izk.kh cpk jgs gSa] ysfdu ?kj ds izk.kh dks] pwgs dks ekj jgs gSaA ßbl pwgs us gekjk Hkyk ,slk D;k fcxkM+k gS\ flf) fouk;d dh iwtk djus cM+s&cM+s yksxksa ds tkus dh [kcjsa Nirh gSa] dSysaMjksa esa rjg&rjg ds x.ks'kth feyrs gSa vkSj mUgha ds ikl cSBk jgrk gS ;g pwgkA ij ge mls u tkus dc ls ekjs pys vk jgs gSaA u lar mls cpkrs gSa] u eqfu yksx] u ljdkjsaA vjs dbZ jkT; ljdkjsa rks pwgk ekjus ds fy, buke Hkh nsrh gSaA vukt dk nq'eu uacj ,d ekurh gS ljdkj pwgksa dksAÞ 109

xkao ds dqN yksx feydj cSBsA ckrphr pyh fd bl ij D;k fd;k tk ldrk gSA lcus ekuk fd vukt Hkh cps vkSj pwgk HkhA iz;ksx ds rkSj ij xkao dh vkcknh ls nks&pkj dne dh nwjh ij ,d pwgk?kj cukus dk fu.kZ; gqvkA u tho n;k dk ukjkA u vfgalk dks ijeèkeZ crkus dk Åapk >aMkA cl izÑfr dks le>dj viuk dÙkZO; fuHkkus dh ,d dksf'k'k Hkj djus dh ckr FkhA dksbZ nl ch?kk tehu bl dke ds fy,] bl pwgk?kj ds fy, fudkyh xbZA ,d rjg dh >kM+h ls ckM+ yxkbZ rkfd ,dne fcYyh dqÙks u ?kql ik,aA lcdks crk fn;k x;k fd ?kjksa esa pwgksa dks idM+sa rks ekjsa ugha] bl pwgk?kj esa yk dj mUgsa NksM+ nsaA ?kj ds dksuksa esa nqcds pwgs tc ;gka nl ch?kk esa NwVus yxs rks mUgsa dSlk yxkµ ;s rks Vhoh okys muls dHkh iwN gh ysaxsA ij tks ;gka pwgs vk, muus vius 'kkunkj fcy cukus 'kq: dj fn,A dqN gh le; esa pwgk?kj vkckn gks x;k] cLrh cl xbZA xkao esa phy] mYyw Hkh gSa] lkai Hkh] fcYyh Hkh gSa] pwgs HkhA izÑfr esa lc dqN lcds lgkjs fey&tqydj pyrk gSA Xkkao esa pwgk?kj cuk x;kA ogka ds isM+ksa ij tks fpfM+;ka cSBrha] mudh chV ls rjg&rjg dh ?kkl ds cht uhps fxjrsA pwgk?kj esa fcy cu x,] vklikl ?kkl mx vkbZA mUgsa ftruk Hkkstu pkfg,] mruk fey x;k] ftruh lqj{kk feyuh pkfg,] ?kkl ds dkj.k mruh lqj{kk fey xbZ vkSj ftrus pwgs bu phy] mYyqvksa dks pkfg,] mrus mUgsa fey gh tkrs gksaxsA Pkwgk?kj cus vc nl o"kZ iwjs gks jgs gSaA xkao esa pwgksa dh vkcknh ugha c<+h gSA izÑfr larqyu [kqn j[krh gSA gekjh rjg pwgs Hkh vkcknh dk egÙo tkurs gSaA 'kk;n os [kqn viuh vkcknh ij fu;a=k.k j[ks gSaA Rkks D;k ?kjksa esa pwgs ,dne [kre gks x, gSa\ vc os ?kjksa esa ugha vkrs\ ,sls loky iwNus ij y{e.kflagth cM+s gh lgt <ax ls mÙkj nsrs gSa fd nsf[k, vki Hkh dHkh&dHkh ?kj dk [kkuk [kkrs&[kkrs v?kk tkrs gSa rks fdlh fnu gksVy esa] <kcs esa pys gh tkrs gSaA blh rjg ,dkèk ckj ;s pwgs Hkh viuk ?kj NksM+ dj gekjs ?kjksa esa vkdj gyok&iwjh ;k dqN rks Hkh [kk tkrs gSa ij vc izk;% os ?kjksa ds Hkhrj oSls ugha jgrs tSls igys jgrs FksA vc muds vius ?kj gSa] vkjkensg fcy gSaµ ;g thou muds fy, T;knk 110

LokHkkfod gS] lgt gSA 'kk;n T;knk vkuan dk gSA ?kj ds dkjkxkj ls mudh eqfä gqbZ gSA dkjkxkj ls fQj Ldwy dks ;kn dj ysaA ykiksfM+;k us Ldwy dks vkuanèkke cuk;kA fQj ns[kk fd xkao dk ljdkjh Ldwy Hkh FkksM+k&FkksM+k lqèkj pyk gSA uo;qodksa dh bl Vksyh us lu~ 2006 esa r; fd;k fd gesa fdlh dh gksM+ esa rks Ldwy pykuk ugha FkkA rks D;ksa u bls vc can dj nsaA l`tu fd;k Fkk tSls pqipki] mlh rjg ,d fnu ml Ldwy dk foltZu dj fn;kA u uke Fkk] u Hkou] u cSad esa dksbZ [kkrk Fkk] u dksbZ lapkyd eaMyA u ,sls f'k{kd Fks] ftUgsa Ldwy can djus ds ckn fdlh rjg dh csjkstxkjh dk lkeuk djuk iM+rkA ;k fd os èkjuk nsrs njokts ijA lcus fey dj 'kq: fd;k FkkA lcus fey dj mls fljk fn;k] mldk foltZu dj fn;kA folftZr gksdj ;g fopkj iwjs xkao esa QSy x;k gSA yksx vPNh ckrsa lh[kus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSa] cqjh ckrksa dks folftZr djus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA lc vPNk lh[k x,] lc cqjk feVk fn;kµ ,slk rks ugha dg ldrs ij blh yacs nkSj esa bl {ks=k esa 9 o"kZ dk Hk;kud vdky iM+k FkkA vkèks ls de cjlkr fxjh Fkh] ij xkao esa ,d cwan ikuh dh deh ugha FkhA xkao ds rhuksa rkykc Åij ls lw[k x, Fks ij buus xkao ds Hkwty dks bruk laiUu cuk fn;k Fkk fd dksbZ lkS dqavksa esa ls ,d Hkh dqavk lw[kk ugha Fkk] ukS lky ds vdky esaA iwjs nkSj esa Bhd&Bhd Qly gksrh jgh gj [ksr esaA xkao ds cPpksa dks nwèk rd feyrk jgk] ogka ds xkspj ds dkj.kA t;iqj dh ljl Ms;jh dks Hkh bl vdkyxzLr xkao ls lcls ikSf"Vd nwèk feykA ljdkj us mldk izek.ki=k Hkh fn;k Fkk rcA fQj dksbZ pkj lky igys bl bykds esa bruk vfèkd ikuh fxjk fd t;iqj 'kgj esa Hkh ck<+ vk xbZ] vklikl ds dbZ xkao Mwcs Fks rcA ij ykiksfM+;k ck<+ esa Mwck ughaA mlds rkykcksa us fQj lkjk vfrfjä ikuh vkus okys nkSj ds fy, lesV fy;k FkkA ykiksfM+;k xkao us u rks ljdkjh Ldwy dh fuank dh] u dksbZ futh izkbosV Ldwy mldh VDdj ij [kksyk] u fdlh dkjiksjsV dks] daiuh dks mldh lkekftd ftEesnkjh trk dj f'k{kk esa lqèkkj dh ;kstuk cukbZA mlus eeÙo] 111

^;g rks esjk gS* eku dj ,d xqeuke Ldwy [kksyk] f'k{k.k dks d{kk dh nhokjksa ls mBk dj iwjs xkao esa QSykus dk fouez iz;kl fd;k vkSj fQj mls pqipki lesV Hkh fy;kA ,d Hkh iqfLrdk ;k dksbZ ys[k bl iz;ksx dks vej cukus ds fy, mlus Nkik ughaA vki lHkh f'k{kk ds lalkj esa ckdh lalkj dh rjg vk jgh fxjkoV dh fpark dj jgs gSa] mls vius&vius <ax ls laHkky Hkh jgs gSaA vkt lc phtsa] lqjhys ls lqjhys fopkj var esa tkdj cktkj dk cktk ctkus yx tk jgs gSaA f'k{kk dh nqfu;k esa f'k{k.k vius vki esa ,d cM+k cktkj cu x;k gSA ij tSls cktkj esa eqnzkLQhfr vkbZ gS] ,sls gh f'k{kk ds cktkj esa Hkh ;g eqnzkLQhfr vk xbZ gSA igys larjketh ch-,- ls dke pyk ysrs FksA vkt rks ih,pMh dk nke Hkh ?kV x;k gSA ge esa ls dbZ yksxksa dks blh ifjfLFkfr esa vkxs dke djuk gSA tks i<+kbZ vkt vki dj jgs gSa] og vkxs&ihNs vkidks ,d Bhd ukSdjh nsxhµ ij 'kk;n blh cktkj esaA izk;% lkèkkj.k ifjokjksa ls vk, ge lcds fy, ;g ,d t:jh dke cu tkrk gSA blfy, vki lcdks ,d NksVh&lh lykgµ ukSdjh djsa thfodk ds fy,A ysfdu pkdjh djsa cPpksa dhA ge viuh ukSdjh esa ftruk va'k pkdjh dk feykrs tk,axs] mruk vfèkd vkuan vkus yxsxkA fouksck ls geus vkt dh ckr izkjaHk dh FkhA mUgha dh ckr ls ge fojke nsaxsA ;g izlax cgqr lqanj gSA bls ckj&ckj nqgjkus esa Hkh iqu#Zfä nks"k ugha fn[krkA muds 'kCn Bhd ;kn ughaA Hkko dqN ,sls gSa % ikuh tc cgrk gS rks og vius lkeus dksbZ cM+k y{;] cM+k ukjk ugha j[krk fd eq>s rks cl egklkxj ls gh feyuk gSA og cgrk pyrk gSA lkeus NksVk&lk xM~<k vk tk, rks igys mls Hkjrk gSA cp x;k rks mls Hkj dj vkxs c<+ pyrk gSA NksVs&NksVs ,sls vusd xM~<ksa dks Hkjrs&Hkjrs og egklkxj rd igqap tk, rks BhdA ugha rks dqN NksVs xM~<ksa dks Hkj dj gh larks"k ik ysrk gSA ,slh fouezrk geesa vk tk, rks 'kk;n gesa egklkxj rd igqapus dh f'k{kk Hkh fey tk,xhA lsaVªy baLVhV~;wV vkWQ ,twds'ku ds lM+lBosa LFkkiuk fnol ds volj ij] 19 fnlacj] nks gtkj pkSng dks fn, x, Hkk"k.k ds va'k

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