Rich Soil by Sadina T

RICH SOIL

Sadina Tursunovic z3461731 Studio 7

Contents

100 families

Aim

The site

The House

Constructing the house

The Community Centre

The Work Shed

The Goat Shed

Design Process

100 FAMILIES 1 in 5 rural households are landless in Cambodia, and with the government

Whilst studying the families, it becomes clear that the majority of the houses

land grabbing, the figure is climbing each year. Approval of the Lower Sesan 2

ask for these simple things:

hydroelectric dam project on the Mekong River will potentially displace a large

A stable home

number of these households. This means the families face the loss of their

A plot of land that is their own.

homes, their community stability, and potential access to education facilities.

Space for farming

RAW has purchased a block of land within the Sarikakaev Commune to house

To own businesses or sell at the market.

some of these families before the government displaces them. Those that will be relocated form the 100 families which this project will design for.

It is clear, from their defined wants and needs, that the families desire an escape from the debt lack of resources they face now. It is through this project

Currently, the families live in slum conditions, with little to no sanitation facilities, access to education, clean water and safe electricity. Water-borne diseases such as diarrhoea are prevalent especially in children. Cooking over wood fires and exposure to kerosene lamps promotes respiratory diseases.

Also, most families live with a constant fear of losing their homes - both to debt collectors and to flooding. They spend up to 80% of their income on food and struggle to repay debts that have spiralled from a small loan.

that such desires can be achieved.

AIM Displacement and limited access to basic health, education and sanitary facilities disrupts ones quality of life. The aim of this project is to provide the families who would be forced off their land with a community that can provide for them in ways more than their current community can. Providing the families with sufficient land and natural facilities that they can exploit in any way they wish is the first step into in allowing the families to take the control of their life again and get out of debt.

THE SITE

Dotted line indicates zone for possible future expansion of the home.

Access to pond via simple bamboo bridges that can be replaced as needed.

Community Centre: Fruit trees and a small pavilion that can be expanded to provide a space for communal congregation. Recommended fruit trees include paw paw,

Dam that will provide the community with aquaculture.

Bog garden

Road

Bore water tank

Work shed/ Market/ Site Entry

Car Park

Duckweed pond: Goat waste is used as a fertilizer for the pond and the duckweed produced can be used to feed the aquaculture in the main dam.

Goat shed

N Site Plan 1:250

1 1

To prevent erosion, the land should gradate at a 1:1 slope between the water and the base of the dam.

Bore water will fill both the dam and the duckweed pond. Using uncontaminated water will ensure that the fish are uncontaminated In case of flooding, both the dam and the pond will empty out into the river beside the site.

1 2

AQUACULTURE Recommended species Species

THE LAND Plot allocations

Farming system

Production volume

Striped catfish

FC, pond

High

Basa fish

High

Spot pangasius

High

Trey prake

High

Giant snake head

High

Snake head

High

Silve barb

FC, pond, rice field

High

Hovens carp

FC, pond

Medium

Trey khaya

Low

Marble goby

FC, pond

Low

Snakeskin gourami

Pond, rice-field

Low

Red tailed tinfoil

Pond, rice-field

Low

_ 23m2 = 107m2

130m2

PLOT - HOUSE FOOTPRINT = PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL LAND

10 13

130m2

_ 23m2 = 107m2

PLOT - HOUSE FOOTPRINT = PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL LAND

Bamboo and fruit trees are placed to form shade, act as a natural fence around the site, and Provide the community with food and construction resources to live sustainably off of the site. Second roof to protect bamboo from monsoon rain

The work shed and future market space allow the road to come into the site. The land gently slopes 1.5m above the road level to combat the seasonal flooding, allowing the site occupants to commute between different spaces on the site all year round. Both boundaries of the site slope under the water table. This part of the site slopes into a river beyond.

Bamboo and fruit trees are placed to form shade, act as a natural fence around the site, and provide the community with food and construction resources to live sustainably off of the site.

Houses upraised 1.5m above road level and above the flood zone. This allows the living space on the ground floor to be utilized without threat of flooding all year round.

Dam for aqua culture. The land slopes at a 1:1 gradient to maximise efficiency of the dam 11

THE HOUSE The house is a 4.7m x 4.7m double storey space that

unwanted side, and depending on their location on the

They can use this to feed their families, sell at markets or

occupies less than half the land offered to occupants. It

site, each house is oriented with slight alterations to allow

expand their houses as they wish.

is designed to maximise the amount of agricultural land

for such considerations. Due to the openness of the

available to them. As the occupants can eventually buy

design, breezes and ventilation are able to pass through

this part of the site off RAW, the need to maximise the

the house at all times during the day.

land area and its productivity was the main driver of the design. Alejandro Aravena states that a comfortable home

Also, the house aims to accommodate the largest family

is 80m2, and outlines how this is hard to achieve in social

â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a seven-member family â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and the smallest family. The

and slum relocation projects. By dividing the land so that

largest families can use the bunk beds to increase the

each occupant has access to an 130m2 piece of land, the

amount of sleeping floor space, whilst families with fewer

aim is to provide the families with enough land to build

members may utilize the bunk beds for storage, sewing or

up their houses, as they grow more financially stable.

studying. Space saving techniques are also used on the

The current design maximises efficiency and provides

first floor under the stairs. Deep shelves are made under

users with 44m2 of space, but due to the modular design,

the treads, providing storage in an otherwise circulation

this can easily be added to or reduced depending on the

space. Similarly, the water tank that gravity feeds water

needs of the occupants. By increasing the size of the

to the kitchen sink is held above a food storage and fish

house, the agricultural land is decreased, and vice versa.

drying structure.

The orientations of buildings was designed with the

By maximising spatial efficiency, the aim of this house is

consideration of west as the side of death or the

to provide the families with maximised agricultural space.

500x 500mm concrete footings Entrance

Bench acts as dining table, sewing table and extension of kitchen counter

Kitchen. Water is gravity fed to the sink from the rain water tank near the kitchen Composting toilet.

Outdoor pantry. Allows for storage of dried foods. Above is rain water tank.

Bamboo posts spread out to allow space for fish drying. Always oriented towards the sun.

Eldest daughters room Parents room

Open room for family to sleep in

Bunk bed/ large desk to increase the amount of usable space for work and sleep Entrance

Rainwater tank to provide water to the kitchen when there is not enough bore water.

Screens at 1.8m height to allow for privacy and ventilation.

Bedroom

Underside of staircase is used as shelving and storage Custom made table acts as a dining table, space for sewing, and an extension of the kitchen bench top. Perforated screens at 2m height to allow for privacy and ventilation.

Angle of roof provides privacy without need for walls as it prevents outsiders from looking into the sleeping spaces. It also focuses occupants views to the dam outside. Platforms elevated 0.7m off the second floor can either be utilized as beds for larger families, or as storage, work or study spaces by smaller families.

Gaps in the wall allow ventilation without the need for operating junctions which are difficult to construct. Rainwater tank is positioned alongside the kitchen and is elevated above the sink level. This allows the collected rainwater to be gravity fed to the sink, providing running water to the users without the need for pumps. Bamboo tower that supports the water tank acts as food storage due to its proximity with the kitchen, and as a fish drying stand. Bamboo is arranged so as to allow space for drying fish. Concrete columns and ant caps protect the bamboo from both water and termite damage. Columns are raised 0.5m off the ground.

HOUSE: Core

Compost bin

Concrete steps

Side roof to provide to protect exposed facade from heavy monsoon rains

Stage 1 construction

500x 500mm concrete footings with ant caps

Corrugated roof

HOUSE SPECS BAMBOO SPECIES Bambusa bambos This is a thin species of bamboo, especially when compared to most construction bamboos such as the guada, dendrocalamus or phyliostachys. However, within south east Asia, it is easier to come across and can be grown on the site. As a typical construction bamboo requires wall thicknessâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s of 70100mm, the bambusa bambos will be tied combined to make larger columns and beams with dimensions required for construction.

Bambusa bambos Diameter: 10 - 18mm Height: 20 - 30m Type: Clumping Use: Construction, roofing, hand crafts, fodder, medicine. Growth: Tropical climate, along river banks; places with moist soil. sugars that promote bug infestations.

Also, it is a clumping bamboo and will not spread onto unwanted areas of the site, such as the individual vegetable plots, close to the dam, or in the agricultural spaces. As a raw material available on site, the residents may use

Pieces of bamboo that may be exposed to water, such as the bamboo around the eves, should be treated with a waterproof membrane or be dipped in tar to prevent the water from damaging bamboo.

it to either expand their houses, make fishing equipment or furniture, use as fodder for the goats, or even consume.

JOINING METHOD Lashing

BAMBOO TREATMENT Before being used for construction, each piece of bamboo needs to be treated. The bamboo should be soaked in a borax bath to extract the natural

ROPE Manila rope min. 5mm diameter

THE COMMUNITY CENTRE Rather than designing a large space that needs

Also, this design respects the Cambodian culture of

maintenance and is unusable for most days of the year,

designing their communities around their community

the community centre here acts as a provider for the

centres. The communal dam and the community centre

community. By designing smaller shaded structures that

are designed with the homes, work shed and goat shed

stand within the landscape, areas of importance can

circling around them.

be marked out so that during ceremonies, they can be used to address the main figures of the event (monks, bride and groom, etc.). On days when it is not used for ceremonies or collective gathering, the community centre becomes a shade structure amongst a field of fruit and palm trees. Fruit trees that can be considered for plantation in this area include but are not limited to: papaya, banana, coconut, ` and citrus trees. These trees provide communal agricultural land to harvest large palm plants which might take too much space on private plots of land, provide shade and create a space where the children of the community can gather and play.

Corrugated sheeting

Bamboo column (as detailed in houses) Fruit trees. Recommended species include but are not limited to

Ant cap 500x 500mm Concrete footing

THE WORK SHED The primary use of the work shed will initially be to facilitate the construction of the homes on both this site and the future sites. As a result, the work shed needs access to the road, have sufficient space to allow for the construction of the homes, and provide parking and storage. Once the houses are built however, this function will be obsolete. Due to its proximity to the road, scale and provision of parking and storage, the work shed is designed to be able to convert to a market for the community to gain income. Many members of the 100 families are keen to sell their produce at markets, and once the site is established, this space will provide the families with the space to do so. On days when it is not utilised as a market, the work shed can be used to work on developing houses using the bamboo that surrounds the site, or make and repair fishing gear.

Also, the work shed is the only part of the design that is unobstructed from the road view. Because of this the structure will also act as an entrance to the site.

Entrance facing community for security

Storage of outdoor tables and equipment

Sheltered outdoor space. Tables are set up here to either provide bench space throughout the construction of items, or for selling goods on market days

ROAD

COMMUNITY

Covered Car Park

Corrugated roof

Columns to the same details as the house

Bamboo screen to provide security for items

Site gradually drops onto road level to encourage interactions between those on the road and within the community. As the road gets developed and raised above the flood level,the workshop entry can be in-filled to allow the link with the road to continue.

THE GOAT SHED The goat shed will house Asian dairy goats, and be cared for by the community. They will be a source of income to some families and provide the community with dairy. The design is minimised to allow for maximum grazing space for the goats, and allows for expansion if there is an increase in the number of goats.

The first storey is accessed by a ramp. Both the goats and the carers will use the ramp to access the first floor. On the first floor there are the doe, kidding and buck pens, which are screened by half height walls. Half height walls allow ventilation of the building.

A slotted floor prevents the build up of faeces on the first floor to increase the longevity of the bamboo, whilst a secondary slanted floor prevents any from falling onto the storage and milking spaces below. The slanted floor also directs faecal matter to a single side of the site, allowing it to then be used as fertilizer for the duckweed pond. The duckweed produced in the pond will then be used as a food source for the aquaculture in the main dam.

Milking pen. Pen is grounded as the milking will happen during the day when goats are grazing. Storage of hay, and milking stands

Kidding Pens Buck Pen

Doe Pen Entrance Ramp

Slotted floors to prevent build up of faeces

Pitched secondary floor to prevent matter from second floor falling on the spaces below.

Reducing the Half height walls to Buck pen columns on the promote ventilation second floor by using arched roof.

SITE DEVELOPMENT

1. Original site 2. Initial idea: Order the houses in a soldier format to allow every family access to the road and dam. This design was culturally inappropriate. 32

3. Alternating homes to reduce soldier effect. Design was still too rigid and too much site was dedicated to the dam. 4. Arranged houses around the community centre to be culturally appropriate and avoided western entrances. Dictated house location by land lot size on an irregular plot to maximise land use. A communal proximity emerged from this approach. 33

CONSTRUCTION POSSIBILITIES

Footing Junctions and their creation

HOUSE DEVELOPMENT

3 1. Vertical housing rather than horizontal living 2. Form exploring bamboo potentials 3. Structural potentials with bamboo 4. Final exploration of house design with bamboo 35