Solace Under Shade
Informal use of spaces under bridges and flyovers in Karachi, Pakistan Sahar-Fatema Mohamedali | KTH | Masters Thesis | 2020 Supervisors: Karin Matz, Rutger Sjรถgrim
2
Contents
Part 1: The Story...................................................................................6 Karachi’s Infrastructure........................................................................10 Case Studies........................................................................................16 The Metrobus Project...........................................................................28 The Brief...............................................................................................36 Part 2: The Site...................................................................................40 The Bridge Structure............................................................................44 Informal Occupation.............................................................................52 The Road Users....................................................................................64 Part 3: The Solutions..........................................................................78 Design Principles.................................................................................80 Animals.................................................................................................86 People................................................................................................102 Vehicles..............................................................................................118 Conclusion..........................................................................................134
Contact: Sahar-Fatema Mohamedali sahar.fatema@hotmail.co.uk https://www.linkedin.com/in/saharfatema/
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Part 1: The Story
الہپ ہصح :اہکین
Introduction Karachi, Pakistan - Demographics
Land Area: 3,780 km² Population (2020 Estimate): 21 Million Road Network: 9,500 km Number of Vehicles: 3.1 Million Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan, is the capital of the province Sindh. It is a ‘mega-city’ situated on the coast with the country’s biggest port. The city has grown exponentially in the last few decades, and the metropolitan area now has more than 21 million people, and it is the 3rd most densely populated city in the world. The rapid expansion and lack of planning strategy has led to many infrastructural issues, including a surge in congestion and pollution due to traffic. As an attempt to relieve congestion, in recent years, the city has constructed vast amounts of highways. These often take the form of flyovers, viaducts and bridges. With a dense population and build up, these often cut through the landscape with little care for the surrounding urban fabric. The connotations of spaces under bridges, globally, is a poor one. Commonly associated with crime, homelessness, drug use etc, these often form problematic areas in big cities. One thing that these structures provide to the urban realm, however, is the shade they cast. Particularly in a city often affected by heat-waves of sweltering temperatures, this is a valuable commodity. The linear nature of these sites has become beneficial for certain kinds of activity. Also, the fact that they are not often considered in terms of real estate value has left them open to be claimed. This has given the opportunity to occupy these spaces in a variety of formal and informal ways. Examples of these kind of occupations visible across the city are: -Street food vendors -Produce/other market stalls -Traffic observation points -Police bases -Parking of motorbikes, rickshaws, donkey/horse carts -Homeless occupation -Begging -Truck drivers taking breaks -Group gatherings -Schools -Public parks/art/murals -Farm animals (cattle, goats) mid transit 6
رشواعت ولعمامت- اپاتسکن،رکایچ 25
POPULATION (MIL)
20
15
10
5
1947
1951
1961
1972
1981
1998
2017
YEAR
50
TEMPARATURE (C)
40 Rec. High
30
Av. High
20
Av. Low
10
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Aug Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
MONTH
DAYLIGHT/SUNSHINE HOURS
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun
Jul
MONTH 7
Karachi’s Infrastructure
رکایچ اک ارفنارٹسڑچک
Karachi, Pakistan Roads and Infrastructure
MAP
Bridge/Flyover Case Study Development Scheme Case Study Chosen Site Boundary
10
رکایچ ،اپاتسکن اہ�ی وے اور ارفنارٹسڑچک
11
Development Schemes Case Studies
Since the turn of the century, the government has made massive upgrades to the road network in attempt to relieve congestion. A few of the upgrade schemes were studied to understand the pros and cons that they provided to the city. Signal free corridors and arterial roads have been created by constructing underpasses and flyovers; and under these flyovers, void pieces of real estate can be found. The built form of these schemes and their amenities is what allows occupation to take place beneath. Across Karachi, a variety of activities can be found frequently under bridges. Citizens have taken advantage of these void spaces and the shade that is cast over them by the bridge. Some of these occupations are legal, and some not. The consequences of illegal and informal settlements can be devastating, resulting in loss of community space, livelihood and homes. The next chapter shows examples that have been studied on a recent trip to Karachi, tracing the stories of owners and occupants.
یلاری ی پ ا� یر� وے
Lyari Expressway
The Lyari Expressway is a 38km toll road following the dry Lyari river in Karachi, designed to relieve congestion along other routes. The project had been delayed for more than 15 years due to the lack of federal funding and no interest shown by the Sindh provincial Government. It opened fully in 2017. The construction of the Lyari Expressway required the demolition of 15,000 housing units and the displacement of 24,400 families living along the Lyari River. This is thought to be the largest urban demolition project for the purpose of road-making in the world. The demolished settlements in most cases did not have all the utilities and were not planned constructions. A resettlement plan was established by the government. Many riverside settlements remained or came back to the site after construction, however at a fraction of their previous state. Most notably “dhobi ghat”, or ‘washing wharf’ which is a mass community run outdoor laundromat. According to the launderers, there were 124 cisterns at the site before. These have now been reduced to five, due to the construction of the expressway. Some of the washing activities now takes place under the flyovers of the road. 12
[1]
[2]
[2]
رتیق ی اکس ی اثمل
M.A. Jinnah Road
Muhammad Ali Jinnah Road, or M.A. Jinnah Road for short, is one of the city’s oldest and most important, running through the city to the docks.
یا� اے انجح روڈ
It was formerly known as Bunder Road (meaning “Port Road”), and was later renamed in honour of Pakistan’s founder, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. MA Jinnah Road is one of the key thoroughfares of the city as it links Saddar, Boulton Market, Civil hospital, City Courts and Karachi Metropolitan Corporation to other areas of the city. Thousands of commuters travel on MA Jinnah Road on a daily basis. Numerous landmarks are sited along this road, including the Merewether Clock Tower, Karachi Municipal Corporation Building, Shri Swaminarayan Mandir temple, and most notably the Mazar-e-Quaid (the mausoleum of Jinnah).
[3]
Many interventions, expansions and changes have been made to this road over it’s history, however traffic management and pollution always remains a problem.
Shahrah-e-Faisal Road
Shahrah-e-Faisal, founded as Drigh Road, is a boulevard in Karachi which was named after Faisal of Saudi Arabia in 1974. It is 18 km long, running from the city to Jinnah International Airport, where it joins N-5 National highway.
ف ی � اشرہاه
In the 70s it was still part of N-5 and therefore belonged to the provincial government of Sindh. In 1980 it was transferred to the Municipal Government of Karachi, upon which major upgrades to the road began. Shahrah-e-Faisal forms part of the network of ‘signal free corridors’ in Karachi. During upgrades to the road several flyovers and underpasses were built to maintain traffic flow along this crucial artery of the city.
[4]
The road has several intersections with major roads in Karachi’s network, creating curious inhabitation under the flyovers, in urban voids either side of a 6 lane incredibly busy road.
13
Case Studies
ی اثمل
�ن � وپرٹ رگ ی ڈ
Port Grand
�ن ٹ ج ٹ ی���ی�و ی� لپ/انجح الفی اوور
Jinnah Flyover/Native Jetty Bridge Built:
1997
Legal: Yes Future: Change in Ownership
[5]
[5]
[5] 16
“PORT GRAND IS ONE OF THE FINEST DEVELOPMENTS THAT CELEBRATES THE CITY OF KARACHI WITH DIVERSE CONCEPTS IN FOOD, ART, LEISURE, ENTERTAINMENT, ADVENTURE, FUN AND SHOPPING” Port Grand Website [6]
[6]
[6]
Port Grand is a vibrant food street that kicked off under a Jinnah bridge and extended out on to Native Jetty. Shops, restaurants and family activities populate the space, and the entire region is ticketed to prevent loitering.
[6]
The idea developed from a contractor involved in the repaving of the area, who saw potential and invested in this with a lease. The Port Trust, who in retrospect sees the value in the development, is waiting until the lease expires to take control and gain profit. 17
وفٹ اپھت اوکسل
Footpath School Bahria Icon Tower flyover
Built:
رحب�یه یا�ون الفی اوور
2015
Legal: No Future: N/A, Eviction took place in 2018
[7]
[8]
[8] 18
“LOOK AROUND, THIS IS NOT THE FUTURE OF PAKISTAN BUT THE FUTURE OF THE WORLD,” SHE SAYS, GESTURING TOWARDS THE STREET CHILDREN. “WE’RE DOING THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT HERE WHICH THEY ARE SUPPOSED TO DO.” Footpath School: More than a sanctuary for Karachi’s street children [8]
An example for a use of these spaces with a positive affect on society is the Footpath School initiative. It began as a way to protect street children from the dangers that surrounded them, and by providing them incentive to study, it gives the kids hope for a better future. Instead of “getting kids off the street” it made the street a safe haven for them. In March 2018, a court order required the school to relocate, off the streets and into a building nearby. The organisers’ concerns with this involved the learning environment for the street children and the public image of the school. On paper the conditions of this formalised school building is a much better environment for the 600 pupils enrolled in the footpath school. However the lifestyle of these students is complex and the implications of this eviction from the street are yet to be understood. Organisers have expressed concern about the lack of public visibility, and how that was the main thing that drew children off the street and into the school. 19
Squatter Settlement Baloch Colony Flyover Built:
2010
Legal: No Future: Likely to face eviction
20
یچک آابدی ولبچ اکولین الفی اوور
“WE HAVE NOT CONTACTED THE POLICE. WE HAVE ALLOWED THESE PEOPLE TO CONTINUE USING THIS LAND, AND WE CONSIDER THIS AN ACT OF CHARITY.” Interview with chief engineer at Karachi Port Trust (Land Owner)
Spanning over railway tracks and a major road, this massive flyover provides shelter to a sprawling community. Work, play and live are all found here, with mechanics, fruit markets, and even hair dressers operating in the shade. Even the ‘middle class’ can be found down here using their services. On speaking to a hairdresser, neither him nor his customer agreed to have their face shown in a photograph. The fear of eviction and penalties is very high. Children can be found playing on the railway tracks, and the nearby small street shops blend seamlessly into the market like atmosphere under the bridge. It seems to also have a parallel function as a dump-yard, though, with piles of dirt and rubbish forming divisions in the space. 21
Charity Organisations KPT Interchange Built:
2007
Legal: Yes Future: Sustained use
22
خ ی �رایت ادارات ن یک یپ یٹ ارٹن چ��ی��ج
“THIS SPACE IS VISIBLE TO EVERYONE. THOSE WHO NEED OUR HELP, THEY KNOW WHERE TO FIND IT, AND WE HELP THEM IN A DIGNIFIED MANNER” Interview with head volunteer on duty at Saylanis
With permission from the Port trust who own the land, 3 non-profits operate from under the flyover: NICVD- A chest pain unit in a portable cabin, located under 14 flyovers across the city. This is a first point of call for heart patients who cannot make it to a hospital. A ramp is provided for ambulances to drive onto the kerb and 3 medical staff + a security guard man the cabin. Bridges Compassionate Community Centre- A school-like organisation made from simple wire fence and steel sheet huts, containing classrooms and playgrounds. The atmosphere is clean and well maintained. Saylani’s Welfare Trust- A charity with many initiatives, however under the bridge they operate the provision of free hot meals to anyone in need, twice a day. They use plastic furniture, canned gas stoves and operate out of a brick hut that was built for traffic police but is not used by them. 23
Municipal Park FTC Flyover Built:
2004
Legal: Yes Future: Degradation from poor maintenance
24
رہشی ابغ
ف یا� یٹ یس الفیئ اوور
“ONE CANNOT HELP WONDERING ABOUT THE GREEN CLIMBERS BEING PAINTED ON THE PILLARS AND UNDERSIDE OF THE FTC FLYOVER... WOULD THEY STILL BE AS PLEASING TO THE EYE IN A FEW YEARS AS THEY ARE NOW?” Art and the City [9]
On one end of the flyover, Karachi District East municipality have commissioned murals and painted the columns to create a vibrant atmosphere. This came about after illegal shops and advertising walls were ripped out from under the bridge, perhaps in an attempt to cover up the horrors of eviction. Today, these murals are crumbling, the ground around them is heavily littered and a storage room on site is filled with junk. On the other side, in the void of the ramp, the navy has created ‘Oasis Visual Park’. The park is enclosed by a fence and has not yet opened to public. There appears to be no effort to create safe access to the park, the only way to get there being to walk along the highway. 25
The Metrobus Project
یٹ �جک ٹ مرو سب رپا �
Transport in Karachi
Karachi is one of the few cities of it’s size that lacks a mass transit infrastructure. The public relies on the use of private buses with no fixed route, over congested vehicles and chaotic traffic. Public transport makes up 42% of passengers but only 4.5% of vehicles. These vehicles have no fixed infrastructure to service them. A 90 station, 113km bus network is being developed in the city in the form of a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system. BRT operates similarly to a metro, with full segregation from traffic, using lanes and buses instead of tracks and trains. This allows it to carry the same capacity at a much lower cost. BRT systems have proven to be reliable and cost effective ways to introduce mass transit into dense and established cities, and successful examples can be found in Bogotå, Ahmedabad, Guangzhou, Jakarta and more.
28
رکایچ ی م رٹاوپسنرٹ
][10
][11 29
The Green Line Metrobus Project
The Green Line is the first of several Metrobus routes proposed in Karachi. It runs from KESC Power House in the North of the city to Municipal Park in the centre. The route consists mostly of at grade segregated bus lanes. Where this was not possible, the construction of underpasses, flyovers and tunnels is underway. The centre-most stretch of the project is built above grade level in a series of flyovers, from Numaish to Nazimabad. For this project the first of these has been selected, picking off at Mazar - e - Quaid, and touching back down at Lasbela just before crossing the Lyari river.
30
Houses
Houses
Appt
Firdous Colony Post Office
ZAIN HOSPITAL+ UL ABEDEEN
IMAM
Houses
Rizvia Market
PETROL PUMP
3+800
URDU BAZAR
Sir Syed College
Masjid
Women College
URDU
PSO Pump
BAZAR
CNG PUMP ROAD
NAWAB SADIQ KHAN ROAD ALI
SERVICE
HUSAINI
Syed Altaf
NAZIMABAD
Block No.2 Park
4+100
Pirabad
Houses
Dispensery
Madina Masjid
Houses
Madina Madina
Ali Barelvi
Masjid
Siddique Ali
Khan Road
Appt
Quba
GOLIMAR
Appt
GUIBAHAR Academy
2+600 Houses
SMB
Masjid
2+400 Nawab
Masjid
2+700
TO SOHRAB
Lyari Lyari NAZIMABAD 2
1
Nazimabad No.2 Local Park
HOSPITAL
4+400 GOVT. HIGH SCHOOL
NAZIMABAD FLYOVER
4+600 Govt. College For Men
Nazimabad
IQRA SCHOOL
NAZIMABAD FLYOVER
4+700
Yahya Eye Hospital
POLICE STATION
Eidga Groud (Nazimabad)
Rangers Training Center
Park
Behria Foundation College
HOSPITAL
A O Medical Center
NAWAB SADIQ ALI KHAN ROAD
NAWAB SADIQ ALI KHAN ROAD
City Foundation School
Faysal Bank
Appt
Anu Bhai Park
CNG PUMP
A.O Clinic
Park
NAWAB SADIQ ALI KHAN ROAD
RESIDENTIAL AREA
Nazimabad No.7
Ali Shah
Lasbella
2+200 Jami Masjid
Hadi Market
OPEN AREA
Rehman Medical
RESIDENTIAL AREA
Stor
Majestic Restaurant
FLY OVER BOARD OFFICE FLY OVER BOARD OFFICE
Mehdi Hospital
Fire Brigade Station
MAJ.ARSHAD BRIDGE
Apartment
NORTH NAZIMABAD
BLOCK-W
PSO PUMP
Hospital
Park
Hanif
Clock
Pizza
Park
Hut
CDGK
NORTH NAZIMABAD
BLOCK-B
PUMP
Service
PSO
Road
Service Road
NORTH
Life Line
Care
GROUND
Health
BLOCK-A
Hospital
NAZIMABAD
Hospital
Numan
Lasbella Intersection
Masjid
Appt Appt RESIDENTIAL
1+800 SHAH SURI
KHAYABAN-ESHER
DIHE UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL
MASJID
Saifee
System
7+200
AREA (Lasbella Kachi Abbadi)
Appt Appt APARTMENT
Bai
Hospital+
ROAD
RECORER BUSINESS
Fatima
1+300 APARTMENT
Appt
GAROADEN EAST
Appt
Aaj
TV
Office
SOLDIER 1+200 Appt
TO Hospital
KDA
PUMP
Chowrangi
CNG
Education North Nazimabad
7+300
7+100 KWSB Office
HOUSES
SURI
MASJID
BLOCK-F
NOOR
Service Road
Allah Wali
Marriage
Masjid
Garden
NORTH NAZIMABAD
BLOCK-C
LAWN
7+600
AL
NAZIMABAD
SHAH
KHAYABAN-ESHER
Shahrah-e-Babar
NORTH
KDA
MASJID
NAWAB SADIQ ALI KHAN ROAD
House
TAYYABA
Houses
Gulbahar No.2
Appt
Mor Houses
Society
Appt
Rizvia
HYDRI MASJID
Bargah
Lyari KHAN ROAD
Imam
NAWAB SADIQ ALI
TO SHERSHAH
2+100
Apex
CNT.
6+600
GUL-E-RANA COMMUNITY
Street
JAHANGEER ROAD
Dr. Muhammad
Guromandir Intersection
5+800
Park
Nazim
Sabil Masjid
5+000
Building
Institute
4+800
SHOPS
Biztak
UNDERPASS
SHOPS
office
NAZIMABAD 3
Office
boaroad
Nazimabad Petrol Pump
Office
Metric
Al Habib Dilpasand
Hospital
for women
Road BOARD
INTERSECTION OFFICE 6+300
MAZARE-E-QUAID
Allama Iqbal
Bungalo
Rizvi
Appt
Road
university
Bank Rizvi
Ali Barelvi
Jinnh
City School Adeeb
Road
Hall
Dehlavi Dr.
Syed Altaf
Marriage
Tabish Adeeb
NUMAISH
Dr.
Road
Jinnh
Ali Barelvi
Road
Jinnah
SHAH SURI
KHAYABAN-ESHER
7+700 NORTH NAZIMABAD
BLOCK-C
Dolmen Mall
7+800 GPO
Mall
Market
7+900 Hydri
DOWOOD BORHA MASJID
Raza Road
Madina CABINS
Road
Sabih
Syed Altaf
Figar
A.
8+000 Hydri Market
Yasin Road
Hydri
SURI
Service
SHAH
SSGC
Center
BLOCK-E
NAZIMABAD
PARKING
University
NORTH
Kher
KHAYABAN-ESHER
Al
BLOCK-E
Saima Pari Mall
NORTH
8+300 NAZIMABAD
BLOCK-H
Al
Masjid
8+100 Taimuria
KASB
Sir
Institute
8+400 SHAH SURI
KHAYABAN-ESHER
MARRIAGE GARDEN
United
Mobilink
King
8+500 Center
Bakery
Customer
NORTH NAZIMABAD
BLOCK-D
FLORANCE
8+700
Burhani
Masjid
Dilawal
M.
LAWN
Jamia Masjid
Five CHOWRANGI Star
Masjid
Taimuria Library
Imam Clinic
AMIR'S
Shahrah-e-Jahangir
Shahrah-e-akber MARRIAGE
PLACE
GARDEN
ELEGANT LAWN
GLAXY LAWN
SURI
GARDEN
SHAH
KHAYABAN-ESHER
MARRIAGE
STYLISH LAWN
CITY
MARRIAGE
LAWN
NORTH
GARDENS
MASJID
LOWN
MADNI
MARRIAGE
MARRIAGE GARDEN
&
Dental
SHAH SURI
KHAYABAN-ESHER
Farooq-e-Azam
Masjid
2k
Bus
Stop
SURI
MARRIAGE
Road
GARDEN
Service
Hospital
SHAH
KHAYABAN-ESHER
Mumtaz
College Uni
Hamdard
MARRIAGE GARDEN
MARRIGE GARDEN
MARRIAGE GARDEN
MARRIAGE GARDEN
MARRIAGE GARDEN
GARDENS
MASJID
MARRIAGE
QUBA
SHAH SURI
KHAYABAN-ESHER
MARRIAGE
MARRIAGE GARDEN
GARDEN
Market
Isra
Masjid
GARDEN
PSO PUMP
Appt
Appt
Shahrah-Shah
Appt
Suri
GRAVEYARD
SHAHRAH-E-JEHAN
Sakhi CHOWRANGI Hassan
MARRIAGE
Sarina
Appt
MASJID
Shopping
Appt
Haroon
Apartment
Mall
Appt
Appt
Appt
Hospital
Appt
Zahida
Appt
Appt
Appt
Appt
Appt
Makka Masjid
Appt
Appt
Appt
Appt
Appt
Hasan
No.2
Appt
SHADMAN
GraveyaROAD
Mall
Appt
Apartment
TOWN
Appt
Appt
HAROON SHOPPING CENTER
Appt
Pakistan Post
Shadman
Appt
Shopping
Sakhi
Erum
Erum Shopping Mall No.1
SECTOR 15A2
Apartment
Shahrah
Shahrah
Sher-Shah Suri Road
Sher-Shah
ZONE
APPT.
Road
BUFFER
Suri
APPT.
OPEN
Society Hospital
Apartment
APPT.
Apartment
Bargah
ImamMasjid
SCHOOL
APPT.
Anda Mor Road Anda Mor Road
APPT.
Nagan Chorangi Flyover
APPT.
SECTOR14B
SCHOOL
PUBLIC
GREENLAND
SECTOR 11E
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
NEW KARACHI
NEW KARACHI
Apartment
Apartment
PYLON
APPT.
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
APPT.
Madina Masjid
ANJUM CLINIC
APPT.
NAZEER HUSAIN MODEL PARK
12.7 8.1
Apartment
ADAMJEE CENTER
AL-ANSARIY HOSPITAL
TECHNICAL SCHOOL
SECTOR 11A
NEW KARACHI
SECTOR 11I
NEW KARACHI
Apartment
Apartment
DOMINO CENTER
Tayyab Sweet
Appt
Chota Gharana Hospital
TOWN NAZIM OFF.
U.P CHOWK
SECTOR 5C
Appt
APPT.
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
NEW KARACHI
APEC
Tayabba Masjid
Appt
Appt
Appt
Appt
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
Appt
Telephone Exchange
ZONE
15A3
PLOT
SECTOR
Bank
Appt
Appt
Ayesha Masjid
Appt
Appt
Akhuwat Park
Appt
National Bank
Appt
Hospital
Saleem Center
ANGLOSIZE MIDEAST COMPUTER CENTER
SCHOOL
Apartment
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
Masjid-e-Farooq
MARRIAGE GARDEN
Apartment
Appt
NALA
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
GHAZI SCHOOL
MODEL PARK
ANF HUSSAN
Appt
Appt
MASJID
Apartment
GHAZI
SCHOOL
FOUNDATION
POWER HOUSE CHORANGI
BAHADUR ALI ROAD
BUFFER
Eye
Apartment
Pakistan
Apartment
Appt
Appt
Shahrah-e-Usaman
Apartment
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
SECTOR 5C
MADINA PETROL PUMP
SECTOR 5E
NEW KARACHI
TUBA MASJID
Appt
Appt
SECTOR 5L
Appt
Apartment
Appt
Appt
Appt
Appt
PaROADa Park
Appt
Osaaf Clinic
NEW KARACH SECTOR 5MI
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
Apartment
Bilal Masjid
MARKET
MOBILE
Apartment
Lawn
Apartment
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
SECTOR 5D
SECTOR 5A
Aman Foundation
Apartment
NEW KARACH SECTOR 5MI
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
Apartment
Apartment
School
Imam Bargah
2 minut Chorangi
DENTAL CLINIC
Appt
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
CHILDREN HOSPITAL
Appt
Appt
Appt
Appt
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
SCHOOL
SECTOR 5A
NORTH KARACH SECTOR 5MI
TRAINING CENTER
GOVT. TECHNICAL
Jama Masjid Qadriya
SURJANI 4-K Chorangi CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
SURJANI SECTOR 2
Open Area
Open Area
SURJANI SECTOR 1
HOUSE
HOUSE
HOUSE
APPT.
Open Area
Open Area CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
HOUSE
HOUSE
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
SURJANI SECTOR 4
SURJANI SECTOR 5
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
Open Area
Open Area
KDApartment
Appt
Appt
Open Area
Open Area
Appt
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
Open Area
Open Area
Apartment
Apartment
Open Area
Open Area
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
Lyari Basti ROAD.
Grid Station
End Point Of Green Line
یٹ �جک ٹ ین � رگ� النئ مرو سب رپا
Surjani Town Link ROAD.
Bab-ul Islam Masjid
MCC Sport Ground
Jamia Masjid Faiz-e-Madina
Madeeha Stop
MARRIAGE GARDEN
Baraa Market
AL NASIR CLINIC PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE
Masjid Siddiq-e-Akbar Grid Station
AJMAIR NAGIRI
3.4
BAHADUR ALI ROAD.
Govt. Degree Boys College
Noor Masjid
DISCO MOD 5.5
#2
NAGAN CHORANGI
Nagan Chorangi
2.7
Flyover Saddiq-e-Akber Masjid
Apartment
AVE
8.2
Dehli House
9+000 7.0
SHAHRAH-E-AURANGZEB
ALAMGIR
7+400
7+500 Hashim
NADRA OFFICE Bank Habib
8+200
Syed Ahmed Road
8+600
8+800 8+900
Shahrah-e-Jahangir
Road
Road
6+000 6+100
6+200
6+400 6+500 6+700 6+800 Market
6+900
Sharah-e-Sher
Shah Suri
7+000 Shahrah-e-Humayum
4+900 5+100
5+200 5+300
UNDERPASS
5+400
5+500 5+600
5+700 5+900
Center O institute
To Liaqatabad Shahrah Abul Fazal siddiqui
Road Imtiaz Super Market
4+200 4+300 4+500 NAZIMABAD 4
Road
Bargah Imam society Rizvia
Chowrangi Golimar
3+700
3+600
3+500
3+400
3+300
3+200
3+100
3+000 3+900 4+000
2+900
2+800 IMAM BARAGAH
Road
CONSTRUCTION UNDER RAMP Lyari Expressway
River
TO MAURIPUR
2+500
2+300 GOTH
Expressway River
NISHTER ROAD
MARTIN ROAD
2+000
1+900
1+700
1+600
0+300
1+500
0+400
Shahr-e-Quaideen 0+500 1+400
0+600
0+100 0+200
0+700
BAZAR
0+800
New M.A Jinna Road
0+900
1+100
JIGAR MURADABADI ROAD 1+000
JAMSHED ROAD
31
ROAD
NAWAB SADIQ KHAN ROAD ALI
SERVICE
NAZIMABAD
4+100
HUSAINI
Block No.2 Park
Syed Altaf
Ali Barelvi
2+600
Quba
GOLIMAR
Appt
Masjid
2+400
TO SOHRAB
Lyari
Lyari 2
Nazimabad No.2 Local Park
HOSPITAL
4+400 GOVT. HIGH SCHOOL
NAZIMABAD FLYOVER
4+600 Govt. College For Men
Nazimabad
IQRA SCHOOL
Ghalib Library
NAZIMABAD FLYOVER
4+700
NAZIMABAD
1
TO SHERSHAH
Yahya Eye Hospital
POLICE STATION Rangers Training Center
Eidga Groud (Nazimabad)
Park
Caltex Pump
NAZIMABAD 3
5+000 Behria Foundation College
HOSPITAL
A O Medical Center
NAWAB SADIQ ALI KHAN ROAD
NAWAB SADIQ ALI KHAN ROAD
City Foundation School
Faysal Bank
Anu Bhai Park
CNG PUMP
OPEN AREA
Rehman Medical
RESIDENTIAL AREA
Stor
Majestic Restaurant
FLY OVER BOARD OFFICE FLY OVER BOARD OFFICE
5+800 Fire Brigade Station
Mehdi Hospital
Nazimabad Petrol Pump
UNDERPASS
MAJ.ARSHAD BRIDGE
6+100
A.O Clinic
Park
NAWAB SADIQ ALI KHAN ROAD
RESIDENTIAL AREA
Nazimabad No.7
NORTH
Road
Apartment
D
NAZIMABA
BLOCK-W
PSO PUMP
BOARD
Dr. Muhammad Ali Shah
Lasbella
2+200 Hospital
Park
Clock
Park
Hut
CDGK
Pizza
Rizvi
INTERSECTION OFFICE 6+300 Hanif
Adeeb
Jami Masjid
Hadi Market
Appt
NORTH NAZIMABA D
Dilpasand
6+600 BLOCK-B
PUMP
Service
PSO
Road
Service Road
NORTH
Life Line
Care
GROUND
Health
BLOCK-A
Hospital
D
NAZIMABA
Hospital
Numan
Lasbella Intersectio
Masjid
Appt
Appt
(Lasbella
Kachi
Abbadi)
Appt
Appt
APARTMENT
Nazim Street her
Bai
Hospital+
GAROADEN
1+300
EAST
Appt
ESURI
DIHE
Y
UNIVERSIT
SCHOOL
MASJID
Saifee
7+200
Aaj
TV
Office
TO
0+500
0+600
Shahr-e-Quaideen Hospital
PUMP
Chowrangi
CNG
KDA
Nazimabad
7+300
SOLDIER
0+700 NORTH
0+800
1+200
New M.A Jinna Road
KWSB
Market
Shahrah-eHumayum
6+500 6+700 6+800
6+900
Sharah-e-S
Shah Suri
7+000
Road Road
6+200 6+400
5+700 5+900 6+000
5+400
5+500 5+600 Shahrah Abul Fazal siddiqui
5+300 Road Imtiaz Super Market
4+900 5+100
5+200
4+800
UNDERPASS Center O institute
To Liaqatabad
NAZIMABAD 4
4+300
4+500
4+000 4+200
Road
Chowrangi
Golimar
3+700
Bargah Imam society Rizvia
3+600
3+500
3+400
IMAM BARAGAH
Road
3+300
3+200
3+100
3+000
2+900
CONSTRUCTION UNDER RAMP Lyari Expressway
2+800
River
TO MAURIPUR
2+500
2+300
GOTH
Expressway
River
NISHTER
ROAD
n
MARTIN
ROAD
2+000
1+900
1+700
1+600
1+500
1+400
BAZAR
0+900
1+100
JIGAR MURADABADI ROAD
1+000
JAMSHED
ROAD
Office
HOUSES
N-ESURI
MASJID
BLOCK-F
NOOR
D
Service Road
Allah Wali
Marriage
Masjid
Garden
NORTH
D
NAZIMABA
BLOCK-C
LAWN
7+600
AL
NAZIMABA
SHAH
KHAYABA SHER
Babar
Appt
0+400
APARTMENT
Appt
0+300
ROAD
0+200
RECORER BUSINESS
Fatima
0+100
L AREA
RESIDENTIA
1+800 SHAH
KHAYABANSHER
7+100
MASJID
PUMP
Shahrah-e-
TAYYABA
CNG
North
CNT.
BAZAR
System
GUL-E-RANA COMMUNITY
URDU
3+900
PSO Pump
KDA
Park
Appt
SHOPS
College
Education
JAHANGEER ROAD
Road
Guromandir Intersection
Women
House
Sabil Masjid
Khan
SHOPS
Ali
Building
2+700
Siddique
Office
URDU BAZAR
Sir Syed College
Apex
UAID
3+800
Masjid
Allama Iqbal
Nawab
GUIBAHAR
Academy
MAZARE-E-Q
PUMP
City School
Houses
SMB
Office
Masjid
Lyari
Masjid
Hospital
Masjid
Madina
Bungalo
PETROL
Road
Madina
Appt
Rizvia Market
Dehlavi
Madina
Houses
NUMAISH
Houses
Dispensery
Road
Pirabad
2+100
Appt
Mor
Jinnah
Society
A.
Rizvia
M.
ABEDEEN
+
ZAIN HOSPITAL UL
IMAM
Bargah
Houses
Imam
Appt Institute
Firdous Colony Post Office
Biztak
Houses
office
Houses
boaroad
NAWAB SADIQ ALI KHAN ROAD Metric
Al Habib
Houses
for women
Gulbahar No.2
Road
Bank
university
Ali Barelvi
Rizvi
Syed Altaf
Jinnh
Tabish
Adeeb
Road
Hall
32
Ali Barelvi Figar
Dr.
Syed Altaf
Marriage
Houses
Jinnh
Appt
Sabih
HYDRI MASJID
SHAH ESURI
KHAYABANSHER
7+700 NORTH NAZIMABA D BLOCK-C
Dolmen Mall
7+800
7+400 7+500 Mall
Raza Road Madina
7+900 Hydri
DOWOOD BORHA MASJID
Market
CABINS
Road
Dr.
KHAN ROAD
8+000 Hydri Market
Yasin Road
Hydri
SSGC
-ESURI
Service
SHAH
KHAYABAN SHER
PARKING
Center
BLOCK-E
NAZIMABAD
University
NORTH
Kher
BLOCK-E
Saima Pari Mall
NORTH
8+300 NAZIMABA D BLOCK-H
Al
Masjid
8+100 Taimuria
Al
KASB Institute
8+400
Hashim
GPO
Sir
NADRA OFFICE
8+200
Syed Ahmed Road SHAH -ESURI
KHAYABAN SHER
E
MARRIAG GARDEN
United
Mobilink
King
8+500 Center
Bakery
Customer
NORTH NAZIMABA D BLOCK-D
FLORANC
8+700
Burhani
Masjid
Dilawal
NAWAB SADIQ ALI
E LAWN
Jamia Masjid
Bank Habib
8+600 NGI
Five CHOWRA Star
Taimuria Library
Imam Clinic
ahangir
Masjid
AMIR'S
Shahrah-e-J
Shahrah-eakber
8+800 8+900
9+000
Shahrah-eJahangir
E
MARRIAG
PLACE
GARDEN
ELEGANT LAWN
GLAXY
7.0
E
LAWN
-ESURI
GARDEN
SHAH
KHAYABAN SHER
MARRIAG
STYLISH LAWN
CITY
E
MARRIAG
LAWN
NORTH
GARDENS
E
MASJID
LOWN
MADNI
MARRIAG
E
MARRIAG GARDEN
& Dental
SHAH -ESURI
KHAYABAN SHER
zam
Farooq-e-A
Masjid
2k Bus Stop
-ESURI
MARRIAGE
Road
GARDEN
Service
Hospital
SHAH
KHAYABAN SHER
Mumtaz
College Uni
Hamdard
E
MARRIAG GARDEN
MARRIGE GARDEN
MARRIAGE GARDEN
MARRIAGE GARDEN
MARRIAGE GARDEN
GARDENS
MASJID
MARRIAGE
QUBA
SHAH -ESURI
KHAYABAN SHER
MARRIAGE GARDEN
Isra
Sarina
Masjid
GARDEN
Market
GI
Sakhi CHOWRAN Hassan
MARRIAGE
PSO PUMP
Appt Shahrah-S
-E-JEHAN AVE
SHAHRAH -E-AURAN
GZEB ALAMGIR 8.2
Appt
hah
Appt
Suri
RD
GRAVEYA
SHAHRAH
E
MARRIAG GARDEN
Appt
MASJID
Shopping
Appt
Haroon
Apartment
Mall
Appt
Appt
Appt
Appt
Hospital
Appt
Zahida
Appt
Appt
Appt
Appt
Makka Masjid
Appt
Appt
Appt
Appt
Appt
Erum
Mall
Appt
Appt
SHADMAN
No.2
TOWN
Appt
Appt
HAROON SHOPPING CENTER
Appt
Pakistan Post Shadman
Appt
AD
GraveyaRO
Apartment
Hasan
Shopping
Sakhi
Erum Shopping Mall No.1
SECTOR 15A2
Apartment
Shahrah
#2 Shahrah
Sher-Shah Suri Road
Sher-Shah
ZONE
APPT.
Road
BUFFER
Suri
APPT.
OPEN
Society Hospital
Apartment
APPT.
Apartment
Bargah
ImamMasjid
SCHOOL
APPT.
Anda Mor Road
APPT.
Nagan Chorangi Flyover
SCHOOL
PUBLIC
GREENLAND
APPT.
SECTOR14B
SECTOR 11E
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
NEW KARACHI
NEW KARACHI
Apartment
Apartment
PYLON
APPT.
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
APPT.
ANJUM CLINIC
APPT.
NAZEER HUSAIN MODEL PARK
Madina Masjid
12.7 8.1 Apartment
ADAMJEE CENTER
AL-ANSARIY HOSPITAL
Anda Mor Road
SECTOR 11I
NEW KARACHI
TECHNICAL SCHOOL
SECTOR 11A
NEW KARACHI
Apartment
Apartment
DOMINO CENTER
Tayyab Sweet
Appt
Chota Gharana Hospital
TOWN NAZIM OFF.
U.P CHOWK
SECTOR 5C
Appt
NEW KARACHI
APPT.
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
APEC
Tayabba Masjid
Appt
Appt
Appt
Appt
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
Telephone Exchange
ZONE
15A3
PLOT
SECTOR
Bank
Appt
Appt
Appt
Ayesha Masjid
Appt
Appt
National Bank
Appt
Appt
Akhuwat Park
Saleem Center
ANGLOSIZE MIDEAST COMPUTER CENTER
Hospital
SCHOOL
Apartment
Masjid-e-Farooq
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
Apartment
MARRIAGE GARDEN
Appt
NALA
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
ANF HUSSAN
Appt
GHAZI SCHOOL
MODEL PARK
Appt
MASJID
Apartment
GHAZI
SCHOOL
FOUNDATION
POWER HOUSE CHORANGI
BAHADUR ALI ROAD
BUFFER
Eye
Apartment
Pakistan
Apartment
Appt
Appt
SECTOR 5E
NEW KARACHI
Shahrah-e-Usaman
Apartment
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
SECTOR 5C
MADINA PETROL PUMP
Appt
TUBA MASJID
Appt
SECTOR 5L
Apartment
Appt
Appt
Appt
Appt
Appt
Apartment
Appt
Osaaf Clinic
NEW KARACH SECTOR 5MI
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
PaROADa Park
Bilal Masjid
MARKET
MOBILE
Apartment
Lawn
Apartment
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
SECTOR 5D
SECTOR 5A
Aman Foundation
NEW KARACH SECTOR 5MI
Apartment
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
Apartment
Apartment
School
Imam Bargah
2 minut Chorangi
DENTAL CLINIC
Appt
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
CHILDREN HOSPITAL
Appt
Appt
Appt
Appt
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
NORTH KARACH SECTOR 5MI
SCHOOL
SECTOR 5A
TRAINING CENTER
GOVT. TECHNICAL
Jama Masjid Qadriya
SURJANI 4-K Chorangi
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
SURJANI SECTOR 2
Open Area
Open Area
SURJANI SECTOR 1
HOUSE
HOUSE
HOUSE
APPT.
Open Area
Open Area
HOUSE
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
HOUSE
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
SURJANI SECTOR 4
SURJANI SECTOR 5
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
Open Area
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
Open Area
Open Area
KDApartment
Appt
Appt
Open Area
Open Area
Appt
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
Open Area
Open Area
Apartment
Apartment
CHAUDRY FAZAL ELLAHI ROAD
Lyari Basti ROAD.
Grid Station
End Point Of Green Line
Open Area
Open Area
Green Line Metrobus Project Surjani Town Link ROAD.
Bab-ul Islam Masjid
MCC Sport Ground Madeeha Stop
MARRIAGE GARDEN
Jamia Masjid Faiz-e-Madina
AL NASIR CLINIC PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE
Baraa Market
Masjid Siddiq-e-Akbar Grid Station
3.4
BAHADUR ALI ROAD.
Govt. Degree Boys College
Noor Masjid
AJMAIR NAGIRI
DISCO MOD 5.5
NAGAN CHORANGI
Nagan Chorangi
2.7
Flyover
Saddiq-e-Akber Masjid
Apartment
Dehli House
ٹ ٹ ین �رگ� النئ یمرو سب رپا�جک
SERVICE
ROAD
NAWAB SADIQ KHAN ROAD ALI
NAZIMABA
D2
Yahya Eye Hospital
Block No.2 Park
D1 NAZIMABA
4+100
URDU
BAZA
R
CNG
PUMP
4+000
3+800
Road
Golimar Chowrangi
Syed Altaf Al Habib
Ali Barelvi
Road
3+700
IMAM BARAGAH
Rizvia Market
HUSAINI
3+600
Houses
Firdous Colony Post Office
Appt
3+500
3+400
Houses
Houses
gah m Bar iety Ima ia soc Rizv
Rizvi
3+300
a Socie
NAWAB SADIQ ALI KHAN ROAD
Appt
ty Mor
3+200
Houses
Gulbahar No.2
3+100
3+000
Houses
es
Hous
ry
ense
ad Disp
Pirab
ina
Mad
Appt
2+900
jid Mas
HYDRI MASJID
2+800
Madin
KHAN ROAD
Houses wa
Na
a Masjid
a Ma
din
Ma
NAWAB SADIQ ALI
b ue
diq
Sid
sjid
2+700
Ali an
Kh ad
Ro
es
Acad
Hous
SMB Appt
Appt
Quba Masj
AB GOTH
id
TO SOHR
TION
TRUC R CONS ssway UNDE RAMP Lyari Expre
2+500 Lyari
River
River
2+400
Lyari
sway
Expres
IPUR
TO MAUR
2+300
sbe
La
0
lla
20
AD
IN
RO
RT
MA
sjid
n Ma
ma
Nu
a ell on sb cti La erse Int
AD
R
RO
TE
SH
NI
0
00
pt
Ap
0
90
RE SID EA
L AR
TIA
EN lla
sbe
(La chi
Ka di)
ba
Ab
0
70
1+
pt
Ap
0
60
1+
Ap pt
0
50
1+
EN
TM AR AP T
0
40
1+
Fa
AD
tal+
spi
i Ho
a Ba
RO R S RE ES CO SIN RE BU
tim
pt
TM AR AP
Ap
0
EN
30
T
GA
1+
EN
AD
RO
SJI D MA BA
j TV
TAY
Aa
YA
pt
Ap
JAH ANG ROA EER D
pt
Ap
GUL COM -E-R MUN ANA ITY CNT .
ST EA
0
20
1+
fice Of
0
10
Gurom Interse andir ction
1+
D
HE
AD
RO
MS
JA 1+0
R
ZA
BA
Sa Ma bil sjid
TO
Park
00
IER
LD
SO
JIGAR MURADABADI ROAD
0+9
SHO
PS
SHO
PS
Buil ding
00
0+8
Offic
e
00
New M.A Jinna Road
0+7
Offic e
00
0+6
Hos pita
l
00
0+5
0+4
00
Appt
Bun gal
o
MA
ZARE
-E-QU AID
00
0+3
00
Shahr-e-Q
uaideen
0+
NU MAI
SH
200
0+1
R
oa
d
00
ah
pt
Ap
0
80
1+
nn
1+
. Ji
2+
M .A
2+
0
Lyari
10
IMAR
R GOL
AHA
GUIB
emy
2+600
2+
Bank
N
Ali Barelvi
ZA HO IN SP UL ITA AB L+ ED EE
Syed Altaf
Masjid
PETRO L PUMP
Road
AM
Ali Barelvi
IM
Syed Altaf
URDU BAZAR
Sir Syed College
Wome n Colleg e
PSO Pump
3+900
33
The Brief
دہا ی�ات
Observe, Predict, Respond Time line - Projected and Proposed
The Green Line BRT is nearing completion, with the lanes and structures built and work currently underway on the stations. Construction began in 2016, and slowly signs of inhabitation began to appear underneath it. Based on the case studies, a projection has been made of its future: the encroachment becoming more and more prominent, leading to a clash between the municipal land owners and the people using it, ultimately resulting in eviction. As an alternative to this disappointing fate, a mediator between public users and municipal land owners will be established. By anticipating the needs of one and the potential benefits to the other, it will become possible to develop a project that keeps both parties happy, with the hope that the potential of these spaces can be seen in an ever densifying city, and that they are perhaps considered as part of the project, the next time a flyover is planned.
36
�ک اشلم وہ، وسوچ،د یھ�و
پش ی � وگیئ اور وجمزہ اٹمئ النئ
Pavements are being used for various purposes due to the lack of public space.
Road closed for construction. Traffic is re-routed. This causes difficulty for the local shops’ economy.
Bridge structure is finished. Road re-opens. Despite road being narrower, traffic is lower as people are now used to some of the alternative routes. Work continues on stations.
Encroachment begins on parts of land under the bridge. Some activities move from roadside to centre. New activities appear under bridge.
Construction finishes. Bus route opens. Traffic reduces further.
NOW
OR
Encroachment under bridge increases. Structures become more permanent and users develop a feeling of ownership and dependence on the space.
A mediator agency is established between land owners and stakeholders- government and public. A consultation process begins.
Anti encroachment laws and land ownership sparks conflict between the users and the municipality. A legal case begins to evict the users.
Proposals are developed and built incorporating all parties. Use of these interventions begins and an uplift in quality of public realm can be observed.
The case is successful and users are evicted. Structures are demolished and removed. Users of the space potentially lose a source of income.
Amenities for the public and benefits for the municipality creates a win-win scenario. Cost of the project begins to recover itself.
Resentment grows between government and public.
The strategy is implemented and the space is anticipated before the next major structure is built.
ANTI-ENCROACHMENT DRIVE CONTINUES AS STRUCTURES REMOVED FROM METROBUS BRIDGE BY KMC
LIFE UNDER THE BRIDGE - THE VALUE OF VOID SPACES IN EVER DENSIFYING KARACHI 37
Part 2: The Site
دورسا ہصح :ہگج
Green Line Metrobus Gurumandir to Lasbela Flyover
The central most structure of the green line route is a 1.6km long, 9.5m wide flyover with 2 bus stations. The structure starts on M.A. Jinnah Road, in front of one of Karachi’s prominent landmarks. At Gurumandir intersection, it turns onto Business Recorder Road, where the first bus station is found. By this point, the structure has reached its full height. A straight run down this road leads to the second station, after which the structure begins to drop again, passing over Lasbela intersection. It then returns to the ground, and segregated grade level lanes continue under the Lyari expressway and over the river.
40
یٹ ین رگ� النئ مرو سب
رگودنمر ےس لس�بلا کت اک الفی اوور
41
The Bridge Structure
لپ اک رٹسڑچک
Green Line Metrobus Flyover Cross Section | Scale- 1:150
Street lights on the stru have been designed to both the elevated rout the street
The nature of the BRT project meant that this flyover is different to the typical highway case studies. It is a narrower structure, carrying only 2 lanes, and instead of perpendicular to the world below it, runs parallel following the road for the entirety of its course. this has in turn affected the use of the space underneath, as it is quite visible to the public. The structure is built of reinforced concrete columns supporting 30m spans. Lighting on the deck services both the bus lanes and the street below. Parking, rubble and ‘street clutter’ fill the transition space between road and facade
44
یٹ ین رگ� النئ مرو سب الفی اوور
ش س�یک� ن ۱:۱۵۰ -رکاس � | انپ
ucture serve te and below
Shops and activities spill out on to the already insufficient width pavement, leaving little room for walking
Space underneath structure is used despite lack of accessibility, due to the shade it provides
45
Green Line Metrobus Flyover Elevation segments | Scale- 1:150
The height of the structure at different points along the route affects how sheltered the space below it feels, which in turn affects the use. Different functions and users are attracted to certain parts of the bridge based on the qualities of the space, informed by the surrounding context, the height of the structure and the ground condition.
The lowest parts of the bridge provide the most shelter, and feel more enclosed. This is taken advantage of by horses on either end.
46
یٹ ین رگ� النئ مرو سب الفی اوور ۱:۱۵۰ -اوگاڑے ےک ےّصح | انپ
Moving vendors can be found parked under the bridge to operate in the shade and on proper paving Builders huts made from corrugated steel or brick and mortar can be found along the end of the structure. The fate of these is unknown
Rubble and building material can be found in piles under the bridge, from it’s construction but also from nearby building work
47
Attributes of the Site The structure follows what used to be wide, open feeling roads through areas of varying density. It has cast a shadow on the street and altered the urban fabric. Some of its features, however, create a room-like space underneath.
48
صات ہگج یک اخ ی
The façades lining the street create a feeling of enclosure, as they act as interior walls of the space.
The deck structure provides shade, with the ribs creating the characteristics of an intricate ceiling.
The columns, varying in height along the structure, act as dividers of the space. They create a rhythm and identity for the structure.
49
Informal Occupation
غ ی �ر ریمس اامعتسل
Gurumandir to Lasbela Flyover Observation Process
Site analysis was performed through observing, conversations, photography and drawing. This aided the process of mapping the activities taking place under this structure. An un-foldable elevation through the 1.6km structure was produced to document this. This process allowed for sensitivity in the proposals, enhancing the current use rather than imposing something new, that would displace the occupants.
52
رگودنمر ےس لس�بلا کت اک الفی اوور ن د� اک رط� یقہ ی
53
Here the structure returns to a solid infill as it reaches the ground, in approach to crossing the Lyari River. Another horse can be found tethered to the wall, however this one has a much less organised space provided for it. The ground here is not yet paved, and the area is full of litter despite there being a warning sign against it.
Lasbela has a main intersection before the bridge comes to an end. Another trafic policeman is stationed here. There is a column in the middle with no paving of barrier protecting it from impact.
54
A series of simply constructed huts, brick an mortar or corrugated stee occupy these last bays. They are used as facilities for construction workers on the green line project as break rooms, toilets and storage. Their future unknown but they are like to be abandoned when construction is complete.
nd el,
s
is ely
.
Lasbela Station is situated just before the bridge begins it’s descent. The station is a mirror image of Gurumandir Station. A herd of cows is found resting in the shade by the station columns. They are untethered as the traffic and the paving appears to be enough to prevent them wandering.
55 Lasbela Kachi Abadi is an informal settlement of extremely high density. From the facades lining the street however, you may not
construction is complete.
A herd of cows is found resting in the shade by the station columns. They are untethered as the traffic and the paving appears to be enough to prevent them wandering.
For this entire run, the bridge is straight, at its highest and with even spaced columns. The paving underneath is narrow, but with just enough space to walk past the columns without stepping down onto the road.
56
Underneath the station, the columns are wide and the paving is narrow, which makes walking through the bays here a difficult task. Unsurprisingly, this space is unused despite the extra
Lasbela Kachi Abadi is an informal settlement of extremely high density. From the facades lining the street however, you may not realise this. Public space is a rare sight.
This road, Business Recorder road, is primarily lined with mechanics working on rickshaws and some pickups. They have typically small shopfronts and do their repairwork on the side of the road, taking up the pavement. Since the bridge went up, a lot of the repair work migrated to under the bridge.
Gurumandir is the first elevated station along the green line. Access is provided on either side of the street via stairs and escalator through a steel footbridge. A lift is provided on the West side. The ticket hall is situated under the bridge on steel columns.
57
Underneath the station, the columns are wide and the paving is narrow, which makes walking through the bays here a difficult task. Unsurprisingly, this space is unused despite the extra shade cast by the dounle width deck.
A traffic policeman is stationed here. His job looks exhausting and he is constantly frustrated.
The infilled abutment ends here and the deck launches into a bridge with columns. A horse is found tethered to the wall, with food hoisted up to it’s head height and a mud patch created for it to stand on. A small timber shelf has been constructed to hold supplies. Carriages are parked in the first 2 bays.
58
The structure picks up from the ground here, on MA Jinnah Road. The initial gradient is filled until the structure is high enough to pass under
working on rickshaws and some pickups. They have typically small shopfronts and do their repairwork on the side of the road, taking up the pavement. Since the bridge went up, a lot of the repair work migrated to under the bridge.
Gurumandir is the first elevated station along the green line. Access is provided on either side of the street via stairs and escalator through a steel footbridge. A lift is provided on the West side. The ticket hall is situated under the bridge on steel columns.
Two small parks have been created on the islands that guide traffic. These are attended to frequently by gardeners, however they are fenced off from the public. People are often spotted sitting against the fences. Gurumandir is an incredibly busy interchange, where several of the city’s arterial roads meet. Shops line the curved facades and the area is full of activity.
Bowls have been moulded on the paving to contain water and bird food, constantly topped up by someone. Pidgeons are often found feeding at them.
59
A traffic policeman is stationed here. His job looks exhausting and he is constantly frustrated.
The infilled abutment ends here and the deck launches into a bridge with columns. A horse is found tethered to the wall, with food hoisted up to it’s head height and a mud patch created for it to stand on. A small timber shelf has been constructed to hold supplies. Carriages are parked in the first 2 bays.
The structure picks up from the ground here, on MA Jinnah Road. The initial gradient is filled until the structure is high enough to pass under
60
area is full of activity.
Bowls have been moulded on the paving to contain water and bird food, constantly topped up by someone. Pidgeons are often found feeding at them.
Mazar-e-Quaid is the burial place of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The adjacent MA Jinnah road is named after him. The tomb is a beautiful landmark in the city, and the surrounding landscaped gardens are tranquil and well maintained. An entrance fee prevents this from being considered ‘public space’
61
The Road Users
ڑسک ےک اامعتسل رکےن واےل
�فق� ی ر
Beggars
پی �دل
Pedestrian
Unemployed and poor, spending majority of their time in the street. either stationed in pedestrian areas or moving from car to car in a traffic jam.
Usually commuting from one place to another, or buying from shops and vendors. A slow method of travel, often without proper pavements.
Exposure to elements:
high
Exposure to elements:
high
Prone to fatigue:
medium
Prone to fatigue:
medium
ئ ی اس� وسار
Cyclist
Commuting, often carrying load. A faster method of travel than on foot, however more vulnerable to rough roads and pot holes.
�ب� ن ی�چ�ے واےل
Vendor
Exposure to elements:
high
Selling fresh fruit and vegetables, street food or other products. Usually 1-2 people with a push cart. Sometimes moving slowly through areas, sometimes stationary in a shaded spot (if one can be found)
Prone to fatigue:
high
Exposure to elements:
high
Prone to fatigue:
medium
64
وبکرت
Pigeon
Sometimes beautiful, sometimes a nuisance. Often found roosting in gaps in the structure. Exposure to elements:
high
Prone to fatigue:
medium
رکبا
Goat
For milk, meat or companionship, being herded to customers across the neighbourhood. Often left tied to a post for extended periods of time. Exposure to elements:
high
Prone to fatigue:
medium
یلب اور اتک
Cat and Dog
Street cats and dogs usually roaming around and looking for food. Quite often scared away by people. Exposure to elements:
high
Prone to fatigue:
medium
اگےئ
Cow
For milk and meat, being herded to customers across the neighbourhood. Often found sitting on roadsides or under bridges. Exposure to elements:
high
Prone to fatigue:
medium
65
دگاھ اگڈی
Donkey Cart
Used to transport heavy goods such as building materials across the city. 1-2 Donkeys and 1-2 people. Exposure to elements:
high
Prone to fatigue:
donkey - high
people - low
اوٹن اگڈی
Camel Cart
Used to transport extremely heavy goods such as building materials across the city. 1 Camel and 1-2 people. Much less common than donkeys. Exposure to elements:
high
Prone to fatigue:
camel - high
people - low
66
Horse Carriage
وھگڑا اگڈی
Leisure/Tourist purpose journeys. Usually along sightseeing routes across the city. Popular during the night time, or daytime in winter. Exposure to elements:
horse - high
driver - high passengers - medium Prone to fatigue:
horse - high
people - low 67
ئ ی �ومرٹاس
Motorbike
Commuting, often with an overloaded capacity. Fastest method of transport in Karachi due to ability to weave through traffic. Exposure to elements:
high
Prone to fatigue:
medium
رہشک
Rickshaw
Short to mid range taxi journeys, that have a capacity of 3 passengers, however this is often overloaded. Drivers usually spend the entire day in the vehicle. Exposure to elements:
medium
Prone to fatigue:
low
68
اگڈی
Car
The most luxury form of transport, often with air conditioning, and amongst the elite, a private driver. Often loaded above capacity, even up to 2x the seats. Exposure to elements:
low
Prone to fatigue:
low
� رٹک پ پ
Pickup Truck
Transporting goods, people and animals across the city. Frequently used by police and rangers. Usually, but not always, with a canopy over the back section. Exposure to elements:
low/medium
Prone to fatigue:
low
69
سب
Bus
Currently the only form of ‘public’ transport, with privately operated buses. Severely over capacity, with buses often overcrowded. Several routes across the site will be removed once the metrobus starts running.
Exposure to elements:
medium/high
Prone to fatigue:
medium
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71
What does care mean?
Flat surfaces Repair
Cleanin
Lubricating
Vehicle
Ownersh Respons
اگڑی
Safe Ac and from Protection from Dust
Protectio Pollution
Sha
People Etiquette
Recreation
The proposal seeks to provide care for the three categories of road users, through the provision of public space nodes along the route. People, Vehicles, Animals. Rest, Repair, Care. These nodes will provide opportunity to stop, take care, and move on. 72
Inclusive and Acce
ک ےہ؟ دختم اک بلطم ی ا
Tethering/ containment Soft Ground
ng
hip and sibility
Animal
ccess to m Site
on from n
ade
Place to Rest
Sound Insulation
ااسنن
اجونر
Medical/Injury Treatment
Place to Defecate
Trust and Safety Food and Water
Comfortable Seating
Clean Environment
eness essibility The needs of the users are clear, and the benefits that can be provided to them, some of which overlap, are visible and tangible. The challenge will be to provide these assets in a manner that also benefits the land owners, the government and municipality, so that both parties are at peace. 73
Proposals
74
ی وجت��ز
At the stretch between the bus stops, a service station for vehicles, to encourage a more sustainable flow on the road.
At the verges of the intersection, a service station for people, to return some of the public space the city is severely lacking.
At the launch of the structure, a service station for animals of the road, to encourage care for them and allow them to rest and recover. 75
Part 3: The Solutions
ت ی �را ہصح :لح رکان
Design Principles
ئ د� ی ن ی ی اوصل �ز�
Techniques
In order to achieve maximum affect in a feasible way, the interventions must be:
- Affordable
- Easy to build
- Functional
- Impactful
To achieve this, the proposals will be made from a combination of a simple set of architectural, urban and landscaping techniques. A prominent sense of permanence in the interventions is important, so that citizens know that they are being provided for with care. Ensuring the proposal serves its user group and maintaining key principles of shade, access and pollution in mind are crucial to the success of this project.
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رط� یقہ
Ground Conditions
Urban Furniture
Level changes and material use to designate function and provide a feeling of quality.
Fixed, durable and versatile furniture, with a permanent look and feel. Encourages use and interactions in the site.
Parasite Structures
Small Scale Architecture
Take advantage of built context, both economically and architecturally, to add functions to the space.
Free standing pavilions and pergolas to expand usable space and house activities.
Planting Low maintenance, air purifying and beautiful to contribute to a clean and comfortable environment.
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Site Wide Improvements
In addition to specific site interventions, there are plenty of ways in which the area immediately surrounded by the new infrastructure can be improved, and the imposition the structure causes can be negated by taking advantage of the disruption to the built environment by adding to and improving the urban realm. Observations of things that could easily be improved within a project budget have been compiled here.
Widened Paving
Active and Accessible Shop Fronts
Restored Paving Quality 82
وپری ہگج یک رتہبی
Provision of Waste Facilities
Safe Road Crossings
Attention to Detail
Social Spaces
Provision of Parking Solutions
Adequate Public Seating 83
Animals
اجونروں
Animal ‘Care Station’ Site Photos
86
اجونروں یک دختم اک ہگج ج� یک ی وصت� یر�
87
Animal ‘Care Station’
The site for the ‘care station’ for animals looks like this. It is at the start of the flyover, where the structure is low, and the paving in the under-croft is the full width of the bridge. Currently, it is being used for parking of horse carriages, and to tether a horse. The Animal Care Station aims to provide a space within the city to give road animals a space to rest and recuperate. This includes both herded farm animals and worker animals carrying loads and wagons.
Shade
Shade: As the structure is lowest at this point, it naturally has the highest level of coverage. To extend this, a small addition of a blind to the elevation can be added.
Access: Ramps that allow an easy mount and dismount from the direction of travel on the road will allow the animals to safely access the site.
Pollution: With the structure being at it’s lowest, it is important to maintain the openness of the space to allow air to flow through, preventing odours, dust and fumes from settling.
Access
Pollution
88
اجونروں یک دختم اک ہگج
Loading Bay
Soft ground in Pen
Existing Tree
Paved Edge
Chain Link Fence Bottleneck Entrance Access Ramps
Mount/Dismount Zone
Parking
89
Care for Animals Elevation (before & after)
Donkeys, horses, cows, goats etc. are very much part of the day to day lives of many workers on the streets of Karachi. The Care Station aims to encourage care and love for these animals, so that they can be healthy and happy, and also more efficient. The space will include place to mount and dismount, parking area for wagons and carriages, and a pen to safely leave your animal in. The pen will have a soft earth ground for the comfort of the animals.
90
اجونروں یک دختم اک ہگج اوگاڑے ےلہپ اور دعب ی م
91
Care for Animals Cross Section
A chain link fence will contain this space. This would allow animals to be left untethered, without worry of them wandering into the road. Between the fence and the soft ground would be a paved path for access as well as to deter animals from approaching the fence. Food and water will be provided on site, with a loading bay for delivery and cleaning access at the road cutting.
92
اجونروں یک دختم اک ہگج ش س�یک� ن رکاس �
93
Care for Animals
This proposal aims to show the possibility to make a functional space with minimal cost and intervention. The sale of food and water, combined with a nominal ‘parking’ fee, will have the potential to bring in a revenue that can contribute the maintenance cost.
94
اجونروں یک دختم اک ہگج
95
96
97
98
99
People
ااسنونں
Care for People Site Photos
102
ااسنونں یک دختم اک ہگج ج� یک ی وصت� یر�
103
Care for People
The intervention for people is situated at the main junction, taking advantage of void spaces created by the intersection. Two triangular plots currently containing a small green space are fenced off to the public. I have often observed people sitting against the fence, taking a break and socialising in the shade. The addition of pavilions onto these verges extends the amount of space that is shaded, and creates a semi enclosed yet still outdoor public space.
Shade
Shade: Additional structure to add shade to the verges, so they behave as a continuation of the under-croft space, and house functions.
Access: Raised crossings from the pavements to the verges provide uninterrupted, pedestrian priority access to the site. They also act as speed bumps to control traffic at the busy intersection.
Pollution: Placement of planting at the edges of the site provide a screen between people and the road, filtering direct fumes and absorbing sound.
Access
Pollution
104
ااسنونں یک دختم اک ہگج
Toilet Vendor Stations with Parking
Planters Dense Vegetation Seating area
Integrated bench
Raised Crossing
Wall with Mural
Built in Bookshelves
Library Help Desk
Reading Room
105
Care for People Elevation (before & after)
The programme of these spaces aims to provide access to a diverse group of people. One plot will function as a food court, with stations for vendors under the bridge, and the other as a public street library, examples of which have started to become popular in different parts of the city.
106
ااسنونں یک دختم اک ہگج اوگاڑے ےلہپ اور دعب ی م
107
Care for People Cross Section
The design of the pavilions is considered so that a standard of beauty and functionality can be achieved. The corrugated steel roof is inclined to ‘face’ the under-croft, and the timber trusses have a constant base point, so that geometrically they become deeper as the spans increase. A lattice truss showcases local craftsmanship, and a half height wall helps to contain the space. Dense vegetation screens the space from the roads.
108
ااسنونں یک دختم اک ہگج ش س�یک� ن رکاس �
109
Care for People
This proposal shows what can be achieved with a slightly higher budget, out of a site that was otherwise serving a visual purpose only. Part of the function generates income and part provides a cultural asset to the local community.
110
ااسنونں یک دختم اک ہگج
111
112
113
114
115
Vehicles
ی اگڑ�وں
Care for Vehicles Site Photos
118
ی اگڑ�وں یک دختم اک ہگج ج� یک ی وصت� یر�
119
Care for Vehicles
The intervention for vehicles is along the stretch of the bridge where it is at its highest. Currently, small mechanics shops line the street, and repair works take place on the pavements, disrupting pedestrian flow. The under-croft is being used to store broken down vehicles and parts, as well as waste and rubble. This central part of the road will instead be programmed to facilitate a portion of the repair work, returning pavements to pedestrians. A ‘pit lane’ style arrangement on the road allows vehicles in need of repair to pull in for servicing.
Shade
Shade: The second level functions primarily for people and storage, however has an extended benefit of casting extra shade onto both levels.
Access: Pit stop style lanes allow vehicles to pull in from the road and rejoin traffic seamlessly.
Pollution: Vines growing up the columns have the potential to contribute to cleaning the air.
Access
Pollution
120
ی اگڑ�وں یک دختم اک ہگج
Workshop
Storage
Goods Lift
Office
Waiting Room Staircase Access
Pit Lane
121
Care for Vehicles Elevation (before & after)
A second level is added to the under-croft space to facilitate this repair area, housing waiting rooms, office space, workshop, storage etc. Access to the upper level is via 2 staircases and a central goods lift.
122
ی اگڑ�وں یک دختم اک ہگج اوگاڑے ےلہپ اور دعب ی م
123
Care for Vehicles Cross Section
Steel columns support the second level, which has the added benefit of ensuring that the workspace on the ground floor remains in shade. The railings and divisions of the second floor vary in height and transparency depending on the programme.
124
ی اگڑ�وں یک دختم اک ہگج ش س�یک� ن رکاس �
125
Care for Vehicles
This proposal, while more expensive and difficult, does more than just serve as a mechanic. The re-organisation of the street section would bring life back to the pavements and make them easier to maintain.
126
ی اگڑ�وں یک دختم اک ہگج
127
128
129
130
131
Conclusion
ف ی�
Cost
134
رخہچ
The proposal for vehicles involves the highest cost in terms of materials and construction, essentially building a bridge under a bridge, and working with steel.
£££
The proposal for people is intermediary in terms of its cost, with ornamental timber trusses carrying a lightweight cheap roof structure.
££
The proposal for animals works with simple features and spacial arrangements instead of more architectural interventions, and is therefore much cheaper.
£
135
136
Conclusion
ف �ی
This project is addressing a growing problem within Karachi; the issue of land ownership and eviction in the context of a densifying city. With the ‘anti-encroachment drive’ on the forefront of tension, the project aims to mediate and provide solutions. This is done by setting a framework to allow for capitalising on opportunity, while benefiting the public. The case studies show how detrimental the effects can be without cooperation, and how successful they can be with it. Taking time to understand the specific context, both physically and culturally, is crucial in order to respond with sensitivity. To spend time on site, observing and reflecting, was the most important part of the process. Understanding feasibility of construction in terms of site constraints, cost and materials helps to keep the project grounded, realistic and achievable. This project is an example which can then be used across different parts of the city. The approach and strategy are replicable, but responding to specific sites and needs in terms of the programme and built form makes every proposal unique. The project is reactionary, responding to built forms and use of space that currently exists. Ultimately, this project seeks to open the discussion about how we should be anticipating the urban voids that are created, the next time infrastructure is planned.
Contact: Sahar-Fatema Mohamedali sahar.fatema@hotmail.co.uk https://www.linkedin.com/in/saharfatema/ 137
138
Reading List
ڑپاھیئ
Not Doing/Overdoing: ‘Omission’ and ‘Excess’ | Robin Wilson Reclaiming Urbanity: Indeterminate Spaces, Informal Actors and Urban Agenda Setting | Jacqueline Groth and Eric Corijn The void: Urban wasteland as political space | Cecilia von Schéele The Urban Condition : Space, Community, and Self in the Contemporary Metropolis | Dirk de Meyer The Economic Base of Contemporary Cities | Ash Amin Can the Subaltern Speak? | Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak Trading Indeterminacy – Informal Markets in Europe | Peter Mörtenböck & Helge Mooshammer Street Fight - Handbook for an Urban Revolution | Janette Sadik-Khan and Seth Solomonow Toward a Minor Achitecture | J Stoner
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References
وحاہل اجت
[1] Lyari expressway route map Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Lyari_expressway.png [2] Dhobi Ghat Retrieved from https://tribune.com.pk/story/1614081/1water-shortage-offers-dhobis-window-comeback/ [3] Aerial view of M.A.. Jinnah Road Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.com/ pin/457326537135564085/ [4] Shahra-e-Faisal Road Retrieved from https://inspiringkarachi.wordpress. com/2013/08/06/shara-e-faisal/ [5] Port Grand Food Street Retrieved from https://www.google.com/maps/@24.8453 496,66.991544,3a,75y,93.04h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6! 1sAF1QipN3afB12aCFMUFl5AWBJgADmpGH5XftcDEN Mc-d!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent. com%2Fp%2FAF1QipN3afB12aCFMUFl5AWBJgADmpGH 5XftcDENMc-d%3Dw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya94.34984-ro0fo100!7i7680!8i3840 [6] Port Grand Website Retrieved from https://www.portgrand.com [7] Footpath School Image courtesy of Bilal Hasan (@mystapaki, instagram) [8] Footpath School: More than a sanctuary for Karachi’s street children Retrieved from www.samaa.tv/news/2017/10/footpathschool-more-than-a-sanctuary-for-karachis-street-children/ cutacut.com/2018/05/28/a-new-beginning-for-karachisfootpath-school/ [9] Art and the City Quote from https://www.dawn.com/news/1278834 [10] Environmental Impact Assessment: Green Line Bus Rapid Transit System (pdf)* Retrieved from https://shehri.org/laws/Final%20Report%20 -%20Green%20Line_opt.pdf [11] Karachi Transport Network* Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Karachi_Transport_Network.png
*Colours edited for consistency
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ن اسےئ ےک ی چ � وکسن غ ن � یک ہگج اک ی الفی اوور ےک ی چ �ر ریمس اامعتسل رکایچ ،اپاتسکن یک ولپں اور ت ٹ � �ھ� رحس -افہمط دمحم یلع | وک ےت وھ | امسڑ یسس |۲۰۲۰ ااتسد :اکرن امزت ،رڑکٹ وشرکم