A BRIEF GUIDE: It Is All About Hydraulic Systems
Hydraulic is based on the Greek word for water. It is originally meant for the physical behaviour of water at rest & in motion. Currently, the meaning of it has been expanded to include the physical behaviour of all liquids, including hydraulic fluids. The hydraulic systems are not very new concept in aviation. When the aircraft has become more sophisticated, then the newer systems with hydraulic power were developed. In aircraft, the hydraulic system provides a mean for the operations of hydraulic components, including flaps, gear, flight control surfaces & brakes. This is largely accomplished with hydraulic power systems. The hydraulic system varies with the small aircraft that requires fluid for manual operation of the wheel brakes to large transport aircraft in that the systems are large & complex. In order to achieve the essential reliability & redundancy. Further, the system is consisting of several subsystems. Every subsystem has a power generating system device, including an accumulator, heat exchanger, filtering system, etc. The pressure varies from a couple hundred of pounds per square inch (psi). The forged components manufacturer strictly follows quality control and deliver the components. When it comes to the advantages of hydraulic system as power sources to operate various aircraft units, including ease of installation, minimal of maintenance requirements, simplification of inspection, etc. The operations are 100% efficient with a negligible loss due to fluid friction.
How Hydraulic Machine Works The concept behind the working of the hydraulic machine is simple. It is the force applied at one point that is transmitted to other using an incompressible fluid. The force is multiplied in the process.
Hydraulic Fluid Liquids are used fundamentally in order to transmit as well as distribute forces to so many units to be activated. The fluids are able to do this since they are almost incompressible. Pascal's law states that – the pressure applied to any part of a confined liquid is transmitted with undiminished intensity. Therefore, one of the flanges manufacturers in India of hydraulic usually specifies the type of liquid that is bestsuited with the equipment in view of working conditions. • • • •
Viscosity Chemical Stability Flash Point Fire Point
Types Of Hydraulic Fluids Assuring the proper system operation, and to avoid damage to non metallic components of the hydraulic system. All you need to do is to use the correct fluid. While adding the fluid to a system, the fluid must be used. There are 3 principle categories of hydraulic fluids such as: • • •
Minerals Phosphates Esters Polyalphaolefins
The Basic Hydraulic Systems Every hydraulic system has a minimum number of basic components, regardless of its design & function. The basic system consists of a directional valve, check valve, sector valve, filter & actuator. 1)Open Center Hydraulic System 2)Closed Center Hydraulic System
Hydraulic System Components Reservoir The main reason behind is that the hydraulic reservoir is to hold a volume of fluid & transfer the heat from the system. It allows slow contaminants in order to settle down & facilitate the release of air as well as moisture from the air. Pump It transmits mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. It is done by the movement of fluid in the transmission media. There are myriad types of hydraulic pumps, including pumps, gear, etc. These pumps have different subtypes that are intended for specific applications such as bentaxis piston pumps. Valves They are used in the system to start, stop & direct fluid flow. It is made up of spools, and it can be actuated by means of hydraulic, manual, electrical means. Actuators This is the end result of Pascal's law, it is where the hydraulic energy is converted into mechanical energy. With hydraulic pumps, cylinders & motors have several different subtypes & each one intended for specific design applications.
Hydraulic Components Myriad components are there, this is due to the cost of repair, that are considered key components. There are two key components i.e. 1) Valves and 2) Pumps. Several different configurations for pumps must be treated at an individual level. Vane Pump Numerous variations are there for vane pump that are available between forged components manufacturer. The rotor is coupled to the drive shafts that is eccentric or offset. Vanes are inserted into the rotor slots. It delivers a steady flow at a high cost. It operates at a norm viscosity that ranges between 14 & 160 cSt at operating temperature.
Piston Pump It is available in fixed & variable displacement designs. It is usually the most versatile & a rugged pump type, also offer a wide range of options for any kind of system. It can operate at pressures beyond 6000 psi. They are highly efficient & produce relatively a bit noisy. There are so many designs are available in piston pumps that tend to resist wear better as compared to another kind of pipes. It generally operates at a normal fluid viscosity range 10 to 160 cSt. Gear Pump There are two kinds of gear pump i.e. Internal and External. Each one has a variety of subtypes. Internal Gear Pump produces pressure range 3000 to 3500 psi. On the other hand, an external gear pump produces pressure range same as an internal gear pump 3000 to 3500 psi. This kind of pump is less costly, midvolume & pressure & fixed displacement delivery. The hydraulic system embraces a ton of advantages, including power transmission. For instance, it has a simple design. In such cases, the complicated mechanical links can be replaced with a few pre engineered hydraulic components. This sorts of systems are more flexible, smoother & quiet while in operation. Also, they are complicated one for transferring energy as well as converting that energy into useful work. The operation requires careful selection of hydraulic fluids, which meet the system demands.