Continuity in Architecture Studio 3 2018-19
THESIS
5.3
// R E I M A G I N I N G SUBHAN
ROCHDALE
SALEEM
THE PORT OF ROCHDALE RIBA
PART II (DIST.)
CONTINUITY IN ARCHITECTURE
Subhan Saleem - MArch Architecture Continuity in Architecture
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‘Architectural Continuity is the product of our interaction with the constructed world, a world that at once connotes a recognition of the past as well as an anticipation of the future.’ Rafael Moneo ‘Against Indifference as a Norm’
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“T H E P O R T O F R O C H D A L E” Photograph (circa. 1950) of the Canal Basin as taken from the Fire Station tower. Note, the number of warehouse and mills that were positioned along side the basin wharf. Many of which focused on the storage and distribution of Cotton during the industrial revolution. This branch has been reffered to as ‘the port of rochdale’.
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ROCHDALE ‘a place remembers its past’ Early History records that a Roman road, leading from Mamucium (Manchester) to York. The town of Rochdale was situated along the threshold between the two on the foothill of the River Roch. Rochdale flourished into a centre of northern England’s woollen trade, and by the early 18th century was described as being “remarkable for many wealthy merchants. In the 19th Century, Rochdale rose to prominence as a mill town and the centre for textile manufacture during rhe industrial revolution. It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the first industrialised towns. The Rochdale Canal —one of the major navigable broad canals of the United Kingdom—was a highway of commerce during this time used for the haulage of cotton, wool and coal to and from the area. Historically part of Lancashire, Rochdale’s recorded history begins with an entry in the Domesday Book of 1086 under “Recedham Manor”. The ancient parish of Rochdale was a division of the hundred of Salford and one of the largest ecclesiastical parishes in England, comprising several townships.
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HALIFAX
ROCHDALE
MANCHESTER
Figure 2a.
LOCATION
PLAN
‘a place remembers its past’ Rochdale
is a town in Greater Manchester, England, at the foothills of the South Pennines on the River Roch, 5.3 miles (8.5 km) northwest of Oldham and 9.8 miles (15.8 km) northeast of Manchester. Figure 2a. highlights the city centre of Manchester with the borough of Rochdale in which the railway (red) and metrolink (yellow) pass through. The site is the former canal basin which is located on the junction of Drake Street and Oldham Road and currently a retail park. With close proximity to the train station, the site has been described as a gateway into the town by the local council.
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SITE KEY
LOCATION
NODES
MILNROW
ACCRINGTON
BURNAGE
CASTLETON
Site Residential
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Commercial
Landmark
Railway
River Roch
Major Road
Metrolink
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SEARCHING EVOLUTION
OF
FOR THE
CLUES:
SITE
‘traces of history engraved onto the space’
1824 Research was carried out which explored the site’s history. The aim was to search for clues as to how the site has evolved over time. The canal basin is an archtypal example of history being erased with traces left. These tracec can be replotted therefore remembered. In 1824, there was a single canal which ended at the basin with a handful of warehouses. Another important element which resided along Drake Street were gardens. This was prior to the creation of
1850 Oldham Road. I found it quite interesting for the positioning of the gardens next to the canal basin. By 1850, these gardens had been replaced with warehouses and a two other canal arms were created. It was in 1880s, where the Rochdale waterways expanded. This was also alongside the expansion of the tramways. This era marked the opening of the first theatre and hippodrome. By 1930, Rochdale had became a metropolitan borough and more prominent
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1930 warehouses were made alongside the canal basin which pushed an active frontage onto the corners of the site. Unfortunately, these canals were then filled and built over with carparks and retail stores by 2001. This coincided with the decline of Rochdale. Leading to a closing of mills, factories and mines. Today, the site remains a wasteland waiting for an opportunity which has been lost.
PRESEN T
DAY (2019)
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4 2
1
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SEARCHING HISTORICAL
FOR
CLUES:
ANALYSIS
‘The port of Rochdale’ To the north of the railway were a short arm and two basins. The arm was a similar width to the canal, and was bordered by wharves, equipped with cranes. Next was a longer and somewhat wider basin, with bays on both sides near the end, where there was a warehouse on the east bank. Again there are cranes marked on the map, cotton spinning mills and Union Sawmills were located between the two basins in 1851.
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mill between the first arm and the bridge. By 1930, Vicars Moss Mill was processing cotton waste, while most of the first arm had been filled in. Between its location and the bridge, a picture house and a billiard hall had been built. The dry dock was no more, and a masonic hall had been built on the wharf.
The final basin was much wider, and was flanked by warehouses to the east and across the north end.
Rochdale was the first industrialised town and the canal basin was a significant location for the distribution of the goods that were produced in Rochdale. It was also the first canal to be built over the Pennines. The Canal Basin is filled with a rich history of events.
By 1892, High Level Road had been built and Union Sawmills had been replaced by a saw-
The history and the urban evolution of the site is significant in my thesis project.
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St John the Baptist church
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Warehouse on the basin (now demolished)
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Cotton Mill Warehouse
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Champness Hall
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Rialto Cinema Plot
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Footprint of the canal
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Cotton Waste Warehouse
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Masonic Hall
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SEARCHING CURRENT
FOR
CLUES:
CONDITION
Investigating the various issues that are currently present on site is vital towards beginning to understand initially what the site may require.
town. The site is often a location for anti-social behaviour and is considered an unnattractive routestowards Drake street from the South.
Three areas instantly arose from the site itself: a lack of the renowned communal feeling, a feeling of the site itself being ignored - leading to dereliction and potential disrepair; and finally the feeling that the current solutions (2016 Retail park extension) that have been proposed are not suited to the development of the
The site is at a significant set of junctions within the town and a key area to the development for Rochdale. An area of lost opportunity which can be restored with the right proposal that links Drake street to the train station The site is a prime location as the gateway into Rochdale. Figure 5. The junction at Drake Street.
Figure 6. Current state of a previous building site
Figure 4. The Dome of St John the Baptist, the Fire Station tower and a view down Richard street.
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Figure 7. Rochdale Masonic Hall on Richard Street
Figure 8. Aerial view of the Retail park. The three buildings (red) to the north of the site towards Drake Street have now been demolished.
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Drake street
Destination
SITE ANALYSIS
3 Dissection of the sites to create a network
INITIAL RESPONSES
Junctions and edges The site is situated on two prominent corners and has strong views towards Drake Street. I felt this connection and edge towards Drake Street was essential in creating a proposal which improved the site.
2 Proximity to the viaduct/ train lines
The site had been referred to as the ‘gateway’ into the city by the council. I found this interesting and went further into the concept of the site acting as a gateway into the town centre therefore creating that link with Drake Street. One of the first major moves in a site this big was to look at it from an urban design perspective and think about how the site can be linked through towards the other roads, streets and landmarks.
1 Potential links with the underpass and canal
I also found the proximity to the train station interesting. As the train station is currently in need of a huge redevlopment, there was potential for a new station to be built towards the South of the site. I dwell into this, in the next few pages.
OLDHAM
ROAD
RICHARD
STREET
Figure 9. Site section through the site
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RICHARD
STREET
IN
1920
I was intruiged by the development of the Richard Street elevation as over the last century, it was the most busiest/ developed frontage on the site. The section below shows Richard Street in 1920 and you are able to see the concept of layers and sequencing which I thought was an important aspect of the site.
WAREHOUSE
RICHARD
STREET
MASONIC
HALL
MASONIC
HALL
SAW
MIL L
SAW
MIL L
ROCHDALE
T R AI N
LINE
TODAY
In 2019, that frontage has been lost. Over the last thirty years, a series of warehouses have been demolished on the junction between Drake Street and Maclure Road. The street today is used as a servicing route for the retail park and an entrance into the parking lot. You can sense a loss of identity and a site which has lost its sense of place.
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PARKING ENTRANCE
ROCHDALE
T R AI N
LINE
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et
h
ig
H
re St
Metrolink Town Square
Bus Interchange
Town Hall
The canal basin site sits on four important junctions which all lead towards Drake Street and the city centre. This was important in the site acting as a gateway into the city.
Towards Halifax
Health Centre
ic e ut
l ro
na
Ca
io at St
r to
His
n
n
ai Tr
Towards Heywood
Figure 10. FigureGround diagram
SITE
Figure 11. Movement hierarchy diagram
Figure 12. Axis diagram
ANALYSIS
MAPPING
‘One cannot make architecture without studying the condition of the city’ - Aldo Rossi From the figure ground you are able to distinguish the relationship between the urban form, built and unbuilt. It is evident from the drawing the huge void that is created currently due to the emptyness of the site. There is also a natural route which is carved out in the urban footprint which can be seen in Drake Street which ends toward the Town Square. There is a huge significance in public squares and the connection between them. Rather than acting as a place to just sit, relax or pass through, it is an integral element with an urban network of interconnecting spaces that can be seen in the urban fabric. These public spaces are integral in creating the life of a town/city.
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After conducting a movement hierarchy diagram, a clear route was definetly defined. It seemed that the natural route from a user coming into the town began from the Train station and ended at the Town Hall via Drake Street. The four junctions which have been highlighted in the drawing are key corners to the site. This further reinforced the idea of an entrance into the town. These network of spaces creates a series of choices for the pedestrian, therefore invoking a journey towards something. This journey of spaces was an important aspect to the development in my thesis. Through the initial site analysis and urban research. The idea to create a series of spaces which took the user on a joruney from the arrival gate to the destination. In addition, sizes and hiearchy were investigated to create a more interesting space for people to pass through
and dwell. That was further shown in the axis diagram which focused on the destination point of the site and how there was a clear series of axis points . This led to me thinking about the possabilities of the site being a much better potential for a station/entrance into the town. Therefore providing the direct link with Drake Street. Therefore due to proximity of the canal basin to the train station. I felt that the south section of the basin was a suitable area of development for a train station.
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6) At the end of this journey, you arrive into Town square. It is ironic that with the development of the new shopping complex, it eventually will face its back onto Drake street.
SENSE OF ARRIVAL 5) There are several empty plot of lands across Drake street which are in need of redevelopment as well as some significant buildings which has potential.
PROBLEMS
WITH
THE
CURRENT
ROUT E
‘ a disorientated sense of place’ From the mapping exercise, I began to look into the current route that was highlighted as the natural route from the train station, towards the city centre via Drake Street.
4) The site has two corners which front onto Drake street. This edge has been lost over time and is need for an active frontage which respons to these important junctions. (Figure 16)
3) The junction between Maclure Road and Drake Street is an important link however, you can sense a loss of identity and it is not clear as to where the direction to the city centre is.
2) As you enter out from the train station, you are presented with an urban landscape which can seem confusing. While the metrolink has aimed to improve these links, the general landscape and poor frontage of buildings gives an uneasy sense of arrival. (Figure 14)
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ch oa pr Ap e tiv 1) The underpass which had recently ac been renovated and re-opened to the ttr a public is a very unattractive approach Un to the train station. It is from a quiet and poorly lit street. (Figure 13)
Figure 13. The recently renovated underpass which has a history since the 1800’s. However, it is placed in an unattractive and unsafe point on the border between an industrial and residential district of Rochdale.
Figure 14. The current sense of arrival into Rochdale from the train station.
Figure 15. A warehouse which used to exist on the junction between Drake Street and Maclure street. Photograph circa. 1983. The warehouse has now been demolished.
Figure 16. The top of Drake street in which has its first contact with the site.
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FORMING PROGRAMMES SENSE OF ARRIVAL
‘Remember, Reveal, Construct...’ Throughout our Continuity in Architecture atelier, we are taught to to “Remember, Reveal, Construct.” There are stories behind the facade of our cities and towns that have been left behind by people before us, hoping that we will learn from them. At it’s peak, Rochdale was a thriving industrial town known for its manufacturing and distribution in textiles and cotton. The town evolved through the canal and railway routes which the foundations of the town were built upon. Based on research and analysis, I have tried to reconstruct what was once a thriving place at the
heart of Rochdale. The foundation of the masterplan for the site will be based on four factors. i. A new station ii. Re-opening of the Canal’s in the basin. iii. Looking into manufacturing, distribution and production as a theme of programmes. iv. Canal Side living at the heart of the Basin. Therefore aiming to link old memories with the new.
i. A new station.
ii. Re-opening of the canal’s
iii. Production, Manufacturing & Distribution
iv. Cultural Heart, Canal side living/ Gates
ARRIVAL View from Halfpenny Bridge from richard street (near end) which connects to Oldham Road. Two important streets on the arrival to the site. The Photograph (circa. 1950) shows the domination of warehouses and chimney’s along the canal.
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DESIGN
DEVELOPMENT
SENSE OF ARRIVAL
‘Remember, Reveal, Construct...’ By creating axis points and looking at the site from at a larger scale, I was able to distinguish which nodes could be created. This crosspoints would then be vital in the atmosphere of the site. The visual character and identity of the Fire Station Museum was key to my proposal. Rather than facing its back on the context and creating a new ‘village’. I needed to have a dialogue with the immediate context.
ject has developed, the key concepts have remained.
The diagrams below explain the step by step process of how I got to the initial concept of a sketch mass. The plan on the right is an updated framework masterplan diagram. While the pro-
Figure 1. Interconnecting paths and routes which create insightful nodes. These then define the identity of the space.
Figure 3. Warehouse Typologies.
Figure 2. the connection between market spaces and potential open spaces. Bringing the context in.
Figure 4. Districts created from mapping and site analysis.
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Figure 5. Roofscapes and frontages
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PRECEDENT STUDY SAN
CATALDO
C E M E T E R Y,
ALDO
ROSSI
Sequences and Layering
Though the Rossi’s design does not present any natural forms, its devotion to a simple plan and look, allows the rest of it to be filled by memories.
through the space as sequences and a journey is enlightening. As you move through each space, you are reminded of the journey that you are on.
Rossi employed conventions of perspective developed in the fifteenth century and used an aerial view to give a sense of the cemetery in both plan and elevation. These strategies, combined with his use of elemental forms and color, construct a visual passage through the drawing that corresponds to a journey through the cemetery itself.
In my masterplan, I celebrated this idea of moving through different spaces to reach the end destination. A series of thresholds and one where each space is unique but cohesive with its context.
Figure 17. Sequences of spaces. Journey to the destination, as well as a gateway into the town.
The concept of layering and moving
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PRECEDENT STUDY NEW
ISLINGTON , URBAN
SPLASH
Canal Restoration...
This area of Manchester was the world’s first industrial suburb - a little piece of land which saw rise to the spires of industry thanks to the many mills that surround it. Nestled among them were terraced houses, occupied by the workers who epitomised city living, Victorian style. New Islington is now considered part of central Manchester, an extension of the Northern Quarter and the neighbouring Ancoats Urban Village.
mills, a community disappeared. In the 1970s, the area was redeveloped, this time by the Council who created low density housing; the result? A negative era, dominated by what became the Cardroom Estate notoriety. The regeneration of the ancoats Canal Basin has radically improved the area of New Islington. Simarily, in the Rochdale masterplan, I seek to re-open/redevelop the canal’s to create an icon for the site that celeberates its history.
Fast-forward to the 1960s and those lovely Victorian terraces had been demolished as part of the ‘slum clearances’; with that, and the silencing of the Figure18. Dashed line indicates the footprint of the canal basin overlaid on the existing site plan. The concept was to use the canal to dictate the footprint and spaces around.
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FORMING PROGRAMMES SENSE OF ARRIVAL
What programme suits the site? I was interested in the pragmatic exchange and confluence between the production process that were prevalent on the site in the past and public transport. The site is also a perfect opportunity for canal side living and to create a series of residential houses/apartments which would encourage creating houses in the city.
Residential
Manufacturing/Production and distribution was found to be a significant activity of the site thus has been developed further as a programme for the site.
Production
Public space
Canal
Railway stations create the spin of the town and the idea was to create a masterplan which focused on increasing tourism into Rochdale, creating an iconic gateway into the town and to
Residential
increase and develop the link up and down Drake Street. The canal was used as a way to dictate the spaces around of which everything was interconnected to. Acting as the heart of the site where activity happens, the built fabric was aimed to define them spaces. The research so far has raised some
esting questions. What would a 21st Century train station require for a town like Rochdale? As I had decided that the south of the Canal Basin site would be a positive site for a new train station, I began to dwell into what other programmes complimented the train station.
inter-
Distribution
The canal was to behave as a space which links all the different programmes together. Acting as the heart beat of the masterplan. Public space
I also wanted to explore how a train station of the 21st century should be arranged as a collection of buildings that work within the larger masterplan and context. The relationship between the visitor and the different programmes was highlighted as a critical element of the journey experience.
Gym
21st Century train station?
Food court
Meetings
Workstations
I believe that today, there are an increasing number of hotdesks/workstations that are situated close to the train station so that companies and board meetings can take place with ease. This is also the case with leisure activities.
Station
Figure 21. Gateway into the city.
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Design Development Evolution of the project Naturally, the project has developed through different iterations and masterplanning options throughout the year. Certain core parts of the design have remained whereas others have been revived. The massing has been subject to change and development as it had been critiqued. I like to draw out my thoughts and create a lot of diagrams to try and explain what I am thinking. The next chapter of pages showcase the development from Studio 5.2 onwards.
‘Architecture emerges as an outcome of a dialogue maintained with our surroundings. We need to look at them to act.’
Rafael Moneo ‘Against Indifference as a Norm’
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O
INITIAL
SKETCH
L
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A
D
PLAN
Fabrication / Workshop / Souk / Programme Creating an active ground level and providing frontages onto the canal Promenade. With a set of dual fronted uniform buildings that created the atmsosphere at ground level in the market space. The corner/junction between Oldham Road and the new pedestrianised street was causing problems in the early stages. I then began to prioritise the canal walkway and creating a landmark at the turn of the corner rather than an open route.
S
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The diagram above explains the idea of market and how I believed it to work through gatways and workshops on first floor.
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POTENTIAL FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
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INITIAL
SKETCH
L
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H
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M
R
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PLAN 2
Fabrication / Workshop / Souk / Programme
S
The identity of the canal was also an important question. What did I want it to be? Should the canal be more than a canal? These are questions I am still answering and will develop in 5.3. The sketch plan on the right explores the idea of the canal network re-opening therefore providing a live distributed route. However this then began to create problems for the train station. The precedent of the Chicago riverside is the sense of walkway of which I wanted to create.
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Figure 1. Halfpenny Bridge and the canal extension plan outlined in red
Post 5.2 Diagram Plan
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Fabrication / Workshop / Souk / Programme In the early weeks of studio 5.3, This was the stage which i had arrived at. After 5.2, I explored options and decided to go ahead with the idea of connecting the new canal. At this stage however, I had still not considered the area across the canal towards Richard Street. I decided to test out this plan through elevations and sections to explore masses, forms and frontages.
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PRECEDENT STUDY MURCIA
TOWN
HALL, RAFAEL
MONEO
Facade entering the square...
The big design challenge for Rafael Moneo was to face a modern institutional building opposite two religious buildings of strong historical tradition. The faรงade is the most important element of this building. Rafael Moneo focused all his efforts to compose it and that this one could compose in a dialogue with its environment.Something which intrigued me about this design was the way that the facade, through its openings, invites itself into the public square. This was a great example of how a facade should respond to its context which can be considered complex.
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In my masterplan proposal, The station would be the end point. I had the idea of using the canal as a way to dictate the public spaces around it. Thus the route to the train station should end at a public square defined by its surrrounding masses. How the facade of this destination responds to the public square is key in my proposal.
Figure 19 where the canal, the public space and the active frontage meets. How is that space defined?
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PRECEDENT STUDY FLORENCE
TRAIN
STATION
Sense of Arrival /
The Florence Train Station is one of the few train station where the arrival into the city is through an arrival square. This is dominated by the Basilica tower which acts as a path finder as well as creating a marker for the individual to attract to. This creates the identity of the square and the arrival experience. In my project, The focus was on the concept between the tower and the station and the sense of arrival that is placed by entering out onto a grand public square with a lot of programmes and a marker point to dictate the di-
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rection. The link between the station and the tower was explored heavily throughout my project.
Figure 1. Relationship between the tower and the ‘lightbox’.
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?
ROOF
LINE
Warehouse typologies / Elevations / Frontage
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E
R UA
SQ
Figure 1. The threshold between the two spaces. The public square and the train station and the personality/identity of the facade which fronts onto the square.
TRAIN URBAN
Figure 2. The view towards the city. Strengthening the sense of arrival and the strong identity of the ‘plinth’.
Figure 3. Ascension. Maximise the potential of the route through which was left from the canal under the railway. I felt this was the best solution to the issues of levels and user experience.
Figure 4. Programmes. Workstations. Landmarks. Approaches.
STATION GATEWAY
Journey/ Series of spaces Using the current underpass of the train station worked as it was an already existing passage way which could provide the entrance of the train station. The series of diagram on the top right explain the form development of the train station. While the diagram above explore the concept of a ‘gate’ and what the train station building needed to be. Whether that was a landscaped route, a single tower or a series of masses to create a sense of enclosure and therefore a gateway. 1. Public Square
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2. Threshold
3. Bays
4. Asscension
5. Destination
6.Views
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CREATIVE
HUB
This section explains the idea of creating a series of design spaces and internal street on the edge of the pedestrianised route/Oldham Road. I was interested in the warehouse typology and explored that as a potential form.
CENTRAL MARKET The section explores the workshops at first floor with the units and market on ground level. This provides an active street edge with the landmark tower creating an identity.
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NEW WORKSHOP RETAIL
STATION
WORKSHOP
WORKSHOP
RETAIL
RETAIL
WORKSHOP RETAIL
COURTYARD CANAL
South elevation through the site cutting through the courtyard and canal
Indicative Elevations / Sections / Views
Waterside Elevation
Fabrication / Workshop / Souk / Programme Indicative elevations were created as the project developed. A key issue that was prevalent throughout my project was the building form and elevation along the canal. Initially, during studio 5.2, the concept was to create ‘streets’ on which the building elevation would push on out onto. However, through view studies, I realised that being in the courtyard space would have felt oppressive due to the grided nature of the blocks. I also began to re-think parts of my programme as the site was quite big, there was an issue of more space being available than needed. This allowed me to then think about creating an arrival square which embraced the openess of the arrival scene. Throughout 5.2, I wanted to maintain the cross/porous facade element of the markets that at often times caused me problems. I began to further look into this and design a space which was able to pass through while also being an open space. This was influenced by historic Markethouses.
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On Approach down the Market street
On Approach down Oldham Road
On Approach to Richard Street
Towards the Fire station Museum
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Central Market Metrolink Station and workstations Canal Side Living Canal Workshops
Re-visting the Masterplan Masterplanning / Edges / Programmes
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Masterplan Option 1
Masterplan Option 2
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After various tutorials with the tutors, I was advised to revisit the masterplanning stages of the project and to evolve the scheme and to consider the edges and spatial experiences throughout the project.
1. This then led to the creation of a series of canal side living apartments along Richard Street and a bridge which visually connected the tower towards the fire station.
1. The canal was connected and therefore allowed Narrow long boats to enter the area. A space was needed for a turning circle therefore the end of the canal needed to be thought about.
I also began to think about the role of the canal and what it gave back to the programmes.
2. Due to the oppresive nature of the previous blocks, I began to simplify the edge along the canal with something potentially of smaller scale than initially designed. 3. Breaking up the form of the market hall block and instead focus on an open plan rather than individual units.
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2. This allowed for the programme to develop as something which worked with the canal and therefore became a canal restoration workshop. 3.A softer edge was developed alongside the canal with 7 tree’s taking inspiration from the Severn Rochdale Towers.
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Option 1 - Train underpass
Rochdale Metro Station
Halfpenny Bridge
3 Improve links with the industrial side:
Canal side activity
Option 2 - Canal/path Underpass
Train Station entrance:
2 Figure 1- Where the canal currrently ends. The site can be seen at the top of the picture The Underpass The underpass was quite a significant part of my project. It was where the scheme started and what I felt connected the various parts of Rochdale together. Initially, the underpass was used as the entrance for the station (Option 1). However, through testing and analysis, I opted for the concept of the new canal being connected to the existing canal 250m away (Figure 1). This allowed for the distribution of canal boats while also solving the issue of standing water.
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Rochdale Metrolink Station;
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Figure 1. Final masterplan axo sketch diagram
Final Masterplan Masterplanning / Edges / Programmes The main changes involved: 1. Creating a Basin towards the end of the canal to allow boats to manovure. This allowed for one of the canal workshop blocks to push right up against the canal which offered an active waterside frontage, strengthening the programme that allowed for boat restoration. 2. Replacing one of the market blocks towards the canal as a softer edge as a row of tree’s 3. Introduction of three canal side living apartments. 4. Breaking down the form of the market hall and creating an open hall space.
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1 Place Finding ; The tower helps with placefinding at the turn of the corner towards the approach of the site. This setback of the tower was inspired by Piazza della Erbe in Verona.
2 Landmark/identity ; it gives the market space an identity and an active frontage
LANDMARK Sense of Arrival / Path finding / Identity The introduction of the tower was a significant point in the development of my project. This created the identity of the space that was inspired by the tower of Piazza della erbe in Verona and the Piazza Novella in Florence.
Connection with context: The visual con-
3 nection and link witht he immediate context reinforces the idea of the landmark.
The tower acted as a marker for place finding, giving the market space an identity and frontage while giving the user coming into Rochdale a unique sense of arrival and was in diologue with the fire station museum tower.
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PRECEDENT STUDY WAGNER EDUCATION CENTER
Canal boat Workshop
Olson Kundig is designing the new Wagner Education Center at the Center for Wooden Boats in South Lake Union. The Center for Wooden Boats has provided a gathering place where maritime history comes alive through direct experience since 1976. The new building will house a dedicated youth classroom that can be converted to a sail loft in the evening; new gallery and exhibit space; and a boat shop designed to facilitate the restoration of the museum’s largest boats and the construction of new boats from historic designs. The education center is the largest part of a $9.5 million dollar capital improve-
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ment project that is also upgrading the organization’s existing floating facilities at the south end of Lake Union. It will also bring necessary upgrades to CWB’s workshop and warehouse at the North end of the lake and will strengthen the museum’s financial stability.
Figure 19 where the canal, the public space and the active frontage meets. How is that space defined?
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PRECEDENT STUDY BRENTFORD
LOCKS
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Canal Side Living
This development is creating a vibrant new community and enhancing the waterways alongside the Grand Union Canal in Brentford. Their vision is is to complete the rejuvenation of Brentford Lock with proposals which follow the quality, pattern and scale established in previous phases. A new footbridge that improves the connection to Brentford station was made. Something which is essential in my priject.
providing a cohesive community to the surrounding apartments and 452 new homes, including 182 affordable homes. This was a significant precedent in my study of the canal and the apartments that resided there. It allowed me to explore the type of spaces that can be created alongside canals and the
Figure 1. Canal Side living apartments
A new public square facing the canal was also created to creat a commercial and retail space while
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Masterplan - Key Moves Key Framework moves / Significant elements
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Stage 2
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Re-introducing the Canal and restoring the underpass.
‘Sinking’ the canal promenade to create a change of level. The station building provides the visual character of the site and one which gives an active frontage onto the public space. This acts as the destination point.
The introduction of the canal side living apartments towards the bottom of the site with the porous facade towards the top near the Oldham Road commercial frontages. This defines the edge of the scheme where both work with either side of the form.
Stage 4
Stage 5
Stage 6
The tower creates the identity of the site and works with the character of the station building. The workshop building takes inspiration from the surrounding context and provides an active frontage and facade to the new canal road.
The other workshop block pushes right up against the canal and provides an active frontage and programme with the canal. This and the cafe building provides the desired activity along the canal promenade.
The public space is edged by a row of tree’s to provide a soft edge to the canal with the market halls opening up onto the public space from the other side. This frames the view towards the station.
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The arrival square is created via the encolsure of the surrounding buildings. The most significant building in the scheme is the station building and the destination point for the user. The subtle pattern of the square’s surface is generated from the openings of the station building to derive a direction and tactile surface that is edged with tree’s to provide a soft edge .
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Identity of the square Programmes/ Activity / Community
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Morning; A path to a destination
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Evening; A place for theatre/Performance
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Afternoon; Market place
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The Station / Key Building Study Forms for the Rochdale Metrolink Station;
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The following massing studies aimed to explore the themes of a ‘landmark’ and a destination point. This was emphasised through serial vision and the approach towards the mass and the relationship between materiality and form. Studies A, C, E, G and H demonstrate the power of creating a landmark/clocktower that is associated with the train station. Each study showcases a potential way of treating a landmark. Study A focuses on breaking the horizontal grid with a vertical form. Study E emphasises the corner
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Studies B, D and F create a more simplified form that responds to the contextual hiearchy. Study J focuses on the idea of a ‘gate’ that emphasises the space in between, which in theory would be a landscaped path.
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Elevation Studies exploring the ‘landmark’ element of the building and how to celebrate and break the horizontal grid of the building.
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The Station / Key Building Mass development
01 | ‘The Plinth’ Through the use of wide squat-like arches, it creates a strong base of which the repetitive brick bay’s sit ontop of. This also allows for the station to have a much shorter span so that there is the concept of compression.
04 | ‘Arrival’ Through the use of wide squat-like arches, it creates a strong base of which the repetitive brick bay’s sit ontop of. This also allows for the station to have a much shorter span so that there is the concept of compression.
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02 | Threshold Through the use of wide squat-like arches, it creates a strong base of which the repetitive brick bay’s sit ontop of. This also allows for the station to have a much shorter span so that there is the concept of compression.
05 | ‘Landmark’ Through the use of wide squat-like arches, it creates a strong base of which the repetitive brick bay’s sit ontop of. This also allows for the station to have a much shorter span so that there is the concept of compression.
03 | ‘Gateway’ Through the use of wide squat-like arches, it creates a strong base of which the repetitive brick bay’s sit ontop of. This also allows for the station to have a much shorter span so that there is the concept of compression.
06 | ‘Journey’ Through the use of wide squat-like arches, it creates a strong base of which the repetitive brick bay’s sit ontop of. This also allows for the station to have a much shorter span so that there is the concept of compression.
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The Market Hall Programmes/ Activity / Community
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1. Studio 5.2 Market Hall form 2. Breaking up the form to allow for entrances and servicing. 3. Collonade/ Porous Facade 4. Open Market Space Rochdale became one of the first towns in Lancashire to obtain a Market Charter when it was granted in 1251. I wanted to explore this part of the history and integrate it within my project. As the project developed, the form and programme of the market evolved with it. The form and generation of the market hall was inspired by historic Market Houses (Left). The concept of the pourous facade and an inviting elevation which had the potential to spill out onto the public space was integral to my project. The Market Hall
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On Approach . 1. From Drake Street 2. ‘Follow the light’ 3. Contextual rooflines 4. Openings and entrances 5. Framing the Key view 6. On Approach 7. Threshold 8. Ascension 9. Looking back at the journey 7
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Facade options for the station, exploring ornament and materiality. 50
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The Station / Key Building Concept sections to explore the change of levels
PLATFORM
RECEPTION /TICKETS
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Ornament Evolution of the project
“Anything that can contribute to the fragile continuities between the contemporary situation and past architectures is worth the effort. It is only by understanding and reflecting on the past that architecture can continue to be a relevant social and artistic discipline.� Caruso, 2002
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OPENINGS Fabrication / Workshop / Souk / Programme Throughout the project, Openings and window language was explored that took inspiration from the local context. Rochdale contained a rich variety of buildings with heritage and character. The use of stone and grid’s were tested to create facade options that could be applied to the various buildings therefore each block would maintain a common language.
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Figure 1 - Balustrade breakdown to create motiffs
Ornament HalfPenny Bridge The Grade II listed Halfpenny Bridge (right) was an integral part of my scheme. It acted as anchor point to connect the industrial part of Rochdale to my scheme and the surrounding context of the historic Drake Street. It was also key to the concept of the canal and the underpass. While the majority of the surrounding context has been demolished. Halfpenny Bridge has stood for nearly 200 years. The scales and the shapes that were involved in the historic balustrade detail were then explored. I was particularly interested at the crown of the railing and wanted to test the patterns to create an ornamental feature that would echo the historic language throughout my project.
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Figure 2 - Halfpenny Bridge and the canal underpass
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Figure 3 - Tests of using the pattern to create new motifs that could create a network. This motiff would then be replicated throughout the scheme connecting the various different programmes together.
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Public Space - Tree Grate
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Canal Promenade - Drainage Grate
Metro Station Entrance - Threshold - Drainage Grate Ornamental Floor tile on the underpass
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GA Drawings Plans / Elevations / Sections
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1 Halfpenny Bridge 2 Bridge underpass 3 New Pedestrian Bridge 4 Waterside Cafe 5 WC’s and Storage 6 Canal Promenade 7 Wet Dock Restoration 8 Steps to Canal side living 9 Canal Boat 58
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1 Halfpenny Bridge 2 Bridge underpass 3 New Pedestrian Bridge 4 Canal Promenade 5 Wet Dock Restoration 6 Workshops 7 Entrance Hall 8 Lecture Hall 9 Market Hall 10 Canal-Side living 11 Servicing 12 Bridge Overhead 13 Metro Station 14 Workstations 15 Circulation Core 16 WC’s 17 Basin 18 Tower
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1 Workshops 2 Bridge 3 Workstations 4 Platform 5 Canal Side Living 6 Atrium space 7 WC’s 60
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SECOND FLOOR PLAN
1 Workshops 2 Canal Side Living 3 Atrium space 4 Tower
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New Station
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Market Halls
Market Halls
Workshops
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Workshops
Canal Restoration Workshop
Canal Promenade
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Market Halls
Canal Side Living Cafe
Canal Promenade
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On Approach Destination / Station / Landmark
A building which fronts onto the square confronting the people passing towards it. The series of workshop buildings frame the view with the market halls spilling out onto the square creating a thriving place of activity. The heart of an new quarter into the town trying to repair a broken urban form.
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Threshold Entrance / Ornament / Set Back
Inspired by looking into the sense of arrival as a starting point. The entrance onto the plinth from the platform compared to the entrance at ground level through the arches. An active frontage that invites the user through a series of spaces.
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Framing the view Sense of Arrival / Arrival Square / Looking Back
An introduction into the town from the platform, framing the view of Rochdale through the arched windows. A view into the market square, the tower, the canal workshops and the residential developments. A place to observe, a place to meet and work, A destination point.
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Rochdale Market Hall Market House / Oldham Road / Craft
The idea of a porous facade was prevalent through the series of market halls. A building which you could pass through and interact with. A building which spilled out into the square and created a space for activity. A welcoming facade that mirrored the busy commercial frontage of Oldham Road.
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Canal Side Promenade / Ornament / Activity / Edge
A canal promenade which is carved out through historical and future references. A series of activites along the canal bring the space to life and connects the industrial and quiet side of Rochdale towards the town centre. A soft edge towards the canal that brings commercial and recreational uses to the site.
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Market Hall / Canal Workshop 1 Weathered Brick 2 Glazing 3 Lecture Room 4 Canal Boat Workshop 5 Skylight 6 Stone Caping 7 Bronze Roofing 8 Indoor Market 9 Doors 10 Rooflight 11 Acoustic Baffles 12 Paving slabs 13 Gutter
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ENTRANCE
Platform
Framed View
SEQUENCE
Route - Arrival from the metro station
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The entrance sequence has been designed as an arrival sequence through a series of thresholds that are applied within the building. 1. The first moment is the arrival platform from the metrolink tram. The move from the platform to the inside serves to express the transition of the first threshold. 2. This space then focuses on the capturing the first view of Rochdale through the arches. A balustrade sets you back and forces you to stop and witness ‘Rochdale’ at a first glance. This was taken from the ‘plinth’ aspect of the original viaduct and focused on the concept of being on the plinth and looking out into Rochdale with the first views.
5 Threshold
3. Stairs and escaltors on either side that take visitors and passengers to each level. 4. ‘Welcome to Rochdale’ view from under the arch 5. This threshold aims to seperate the underpass and the public space and connect the two spaces.
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MetroStation Entrance 1 Concrete Paving 2 Grater with ornamental pattern 3 Concrete Plinth 4 Ornamental Floor Paving 5 Ornamental Concrete Columns 6 Stone Caping 7 Sedum Roof 8 Weathered Brick 9 Rooflight 10 Glazing 11 Brickwork 12 Interior Precast Wall 13 Reception 14 Arrival Hall 15 Balustrade 16 Platform
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1 Pigmented precast concrete with acid-etched finish. 2 Channel drain 3 Concrete paving 4 Sedum roof 5 Alluminium bronze capping 6 Steel framed rooflight
7 Heritage red buff brick 8 Kingspan Insulation K8 9 Insitu concrete block
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10 Suspended insulated ceiling 11 Cast insitu concrete slab 12 Bronze ppc windows 13 cast insitu vaulted slab 14 Alluminium - bronze capping 15 Ornamental handrail and steps 16 Heritage red buff brick arch 17 Pad foundation
18 Insulation K8 Kingspan with DPM and vapour barrier 19 Brickwork behind 20 pre-cast concrete with DPM 21 Heritage red buff brick 22 Larch softwood frames 23 Insulation K8 Kingspan
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BELL STREET COMPETITION SUBHAN RIBA
SALEEM
PART II (DIST.)
CONTINUITY IN ARCHITECTURE
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00 INITIAL THOUGHTS After visiting the site, I began to illustrate and sketch problems within the site as well as opportunities. As I began to plot these thoughts onto paper, I realised that this was an important junction between old and new. The new proposal offered views towards the three buildings on Baillie street. Two of these were grade listed buildings. There was also a problem with the back of house of the site which needed to be addressed. The sketch on the right offers those thoughts which then led to potential options: Option A - Building which faces towards the new riverside developments. However, it is quite hidden. Option B - Demolition/Re-use of 21 Baillie Street with a new addition. Creates a corner that gives frontage onto the open space. Seating faces the riverside development. Option C- Landscape/Pavilion. Focuses on movement and dwelling I eventually went on to develop Option B as I felt it responded best to the needs of the site and the type of space that I wanted to create.
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01 EARLY DEVELOPMENT Stage one - demolition of existing 21 Baillie Street. Retain the two grade listed buildings. Stage two - Tree’s to screen the back of house. Contour’s used to create a path/seating. Building footprint in the place of 21 Baillie Street
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Stage three - Beacon/landmark on the corner to front onto the new landscape Stage four - Heritage/Facade carried on, with building facade opens/spills out onto the space infront
21 Baillie Street is currently in for a planning application which demolishes the existing building to create a very simple new build. My idea was to halt this decision and to therefore take 19 & 21 Baillie Street into my scheme. This involved retaining the grade listed buildings while demolishing 21 Baillie Street and extending that historic facade across. This therefore gave me a new building footprint on which my scheme could exist. This new frontage would give it an active frontage onto the space infront for people to dwell. At the turn of this corner, I proposed a beacon which took inspiration as a modern day chimney/landmark which gave an active frontage onto the stage which also acting as a landmark within the site. The becaon/ landmark aims to situate the location and dictates the spaces around it on both sides. The tree’s were created to screen the unattrative back of house whereas the contours were used to create a path/seating which acted as the amphitheatre/stage. This then provided me a base proposal to then develop.
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SHELL
Assemble, Folly for a Flyover , 2011 I wanted the proposal to feel like an encolsed shell. One with its facade retained whereas inside it feels like a Damascus courtyard. If the programme for 19 Baillie Street was to be restaurant, then that could potentially spill out into the space. I enjoyed the shell-like aspect of the ‘assemble’ project. Inside was all scaffolding and helped create a vibrant facade on the external side.
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SCREEN
Piazza San Lorenzo, Milan The idea for a screen was important to my proposal. I envisioned the idea of an element which you could pass through aswell something which could reside along. I took this inspiration from Piazza san lorenzo whose monumental columns act as a screen but also as a physical feature.
LANDSCAPE
LANDMARK
Ampliacion de la escuela, Spain, 2012
Reforma y Rehabilitación, Spain, 2010
Due to the steep nature of the site. It made sense to use this to create a stepped landscape which could act as an amphitheatre or stage. This focused on the idea of dwelling within a space which would feel natural under the landmark.
The landmark/beacon was important to my proposal and one of the first elements which I introduced into my project. The identity and purpose was important.
The de la escuela steps were used as an inspiration for this to create a space which could have an entance/performance space at the bottom.
The Reforma building in Spain, retained an old factory chimney as a landmark and something to dictate the surrounding landscape. This helped give the space a unique character while also acting cohesively to the new build.
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03 FINAL DEVELOPMENT
Main Elements of the proposal:
1) Heritage : Maintaining the heritage of the facade which also addressed the negative gable end that fronted the space.
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2) Continuity : using the existing grade listed buildings to maintain a continuity of facade treatment which connected the scheme. This also focused on the two threshold’s and creating an enclosed space.
3) Landmark/Beacon : The landmark/beacon as you turned the corner which gave the scheme an identity and would house an storage space for the caterer’s.
4)Edge : The edge which was created via the landscaping and tree’s.
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2) Cafe Entrance 5) Landscaped seating
3) Outdoor space 6) new proposal
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VILLA
MOLLER
ADOLF LOOS
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Subhan Saleem - MArch Architecture Continuity in Architecture
Between Two Bridges - The Port of Rochdale
Continuity in Architecture Studio 3 2018-19
Subhan Saleem - MArch Architecture Continuity in Architecture
Between Two Bridges - The Port of Rochdale
95
Continuity in Architecture Studio 3 2018-19
96
Subhan Saleem - MArch Architecture Continuity in Architecture
Between Two Bridges - The Port of Rochdale
Continuity in Architecture Studio 3 2018-19
‘‘My architecture is not conceived by drawings, but by spaces. I do not draw plans, facades or sections... For me, the ground floor, first floor do not exist... There are only interconnected continual spaces, rooms, halls, terraces... Each space needs a different height... These spaces are connected so that ascent and descent are not only unnoticeable, but at the same time functional” A.Loos (Shorthand record of a conversation in Pilsen, 1930)
Subhan Saleem - MArch Architecture Continuity in Architecture
Between Two Bridges - The Port of Rochdale
97
Continuity in Architecture Studio 3 2018-19
98
Subhan Saleem - MArch Architecture Continuity in Architecture
Between Two Bridges - The Port of Rochdale