Volume 12 • Issue 03
APRIL 2016
THE DRUM
SOUNDS OF CONNECTIONS PAGE4-6
TLA’AMIN
TREATY Special feature PAGES 11-17
Tla’amin Nation Treaty
The City of Powell River offers heartfelt congratulations to its partner, the Tla’amin Nation, in finalizing their treaty and looks forward to continuing its strong relationship long into the future. May our journey together continue to bear the fruit of our collective efforts. As always, we remain proud to stand beside you and support you in your efforts and plans as we move forward as neighbours and governments.
Naut’sa mawt Tribal Council congratulates its valued member, TLA’AMIN NATION, on the successful completion of a landmark treaty
Tums gijeh (lands) Ee ah ju thum (language) Ta’ow (teachings) Kwnam oskw kwums he heow (cultural practices)
NAUT’SA MAWT TRIBAL COUNCIL NATIONS
OPINION Coast Salish 24/7 Naut’sa mawt-Working together as one EDITORIAL TEAM Mark Kiemele - Editor editor@salishseasentinel.ca Cara McKenna - Writer caradawnmckenna@gmail.com Tricia Thomas - Photographer Bronwen Geddes - Copy Editor DESIGN Salish Eye Productions ADVERTISING & DISTRIBUTION Manoj Sood ads@salishseasentinel.ca 604-943-6712 OR 1-888-382-7711 PUBLISHER Naut’sa mawt Tribal Council 330-6165 Highway17A Delta, BC V4K 5B8 Gary Reith, CAO 604-943-6712 OR 1-888-382-7711 PUBLICATIONS MAIL AGREEMENT # 42922026
The Salish Sea map was created in 2009 by Stefan Freelan at Western Washington University
Undeliverable mail may be returned to: 330-6165 Highway 17A, Delta, BC, V4K 5B8 circulation@salishseasentinel.ca
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The Salish Sea Sentinel is published monthly, ten times a year, by the Naut’sa mawt Tribal Council, representing 6,500 people in 11 member nations. Salish Sea Sentinel is all rights reserved. Contents and photographs may not be reprinted without written permission. The statements, opinions and points of view expressed in articles published in this magazine are those of the authors. The publisher accepts no responsibility for unsolicited manuscripts, photographs, transparencies or other materials.
COVER PHOTO: Lawrence Mitchell, ‘Ćum’qwa:tun’ and his children Jaylen George, and Kyrrah Thomas. Photo by Tricia Thomas. See story Pages 4-5
1. HALALT (250) 246-4736 chief@halalt.org www.halalt.org
7. SNUNEYMUXW (Nanaimo) (250) 740-2300 johngwesley@shaw.ca www.snuneymuxw.ca
2. HOMALCO (250) 923-4979 m.enevoldsen@homalco.com
8. STZ’UMINUS (Ladysmith) (250) 245-7155
3. KLAHOOSE Qathen Xwegus Management Corp (250) 935-6536 www.klahoose.com 4. MALAHAT (250) 743-3231 caroline.harry@malahatnation.com www.malahatnation.com 5. TLA’AMIN (604) 483-9646 clint.williams@sliammon.bc.ca www.sliammonfirstnation.com www.sliammontreaty.com 6. SNAW-NAW-AS (Nanoose) (250) 390-3661 chris.bob@nanoose.org www.nanoose.org
Ray.Gauthier@coastsalishdevcorp.com
www.stzuminus.com 9. TSAWWASSEN (604) 943-2122 info@tsawwassenfirstnation.com www.tsawwassenfirstnation.com 10. TSLEIL-WAUTUTH (604) 929-3454 bbaptiste@twnation.ca www.twnation.ca 11. T’SOU-KE (Sooke) (250) 642-3957 administrator@tsoukenation.com www.tsoukenation.com Naut’sa mawt Tribal Council 8017 Chemainus Road Chemainus, BC V0R 1K5 (250) 324-1800 www.nautsamawt.org SALISH SEA SENTINEL
1
OPINION
HANDS RAISED TO TLA’AMIN PEOPLE AND THEIR TREATY IT IS DIFFICULT TO sum up all the work, the joys and the heartbreak that led up to April 5 for the Tla’amin people and their treaty. The many stories from decades past could fill a book, not just this magazine. (See the feature in this issue on pages 11-17) Of course, part of the book has already been written, by the nation’s elder Elsie Paul who penned the powerful memoir Written As I Remember It: Teachings (xxms txxxw) from the life of a Sliammon Elder. Her book is a story not only of personal survival, but also the survival of a culture and a nation. Treaties are about many things, from nationbuilding to law-making and from community planning to economic development. But all those things, and treaties themselves, are essentially about reconciliation. Valid nation-to-nation relationships between Aboriginal peoples and the
OTHER VIEWS
Crown was one of the tenets of the final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission last year. But reconciliation really only works on a person-to-person basis. All the government policy decisions in the world won’t stop racism or nurture feeling of equality between peoples. That is why it was so heartening to see what happened at the new Powell River public library just weeks before the treaty-effective date at Tla’amin. A special ceremony was held at the historic Dwight Hall to honour Elsie Paul’s many contributions to the community. And then it was announced that the new library would include the Elsie Paul Literacy Centre. That is the sort of reconciliation we’re talking about here – real, significant and lasting recognition of the Coast Salish people, their culture and values that have survived around the Salish Sea since time immemorial.
signed comments always appreciated - editor@salishseasentinel.ca or contact on page 1.
LIKE THE THUNDERBIRD!
ELSIE IS A BRIDGE One of the organizers of an event recognizing Elsie Paul of Tla’amin for her contributions to the community sent the following words: Elsie is an 84-year-old elder and a tireless worker for Tla’amin and for Powell River. She just gives and gives of herself with seemingly endless energy. She has opened our International Choral Festival, Kathaumixw for decades, opens many other cultural events with a prayer and has blessed us with her gracious presence too many times to count. She is wise and gracious and well loved by so many, an invaluable bridge between the two cultures. Donna Vance, Powell River
2 SALISH SEA SENTINEL
Chief Dan George
Like the Thunderbird of old I shall rise again out of the sea; I shall grab the instruments of the white man’s success, his education, his skills, and with these new tools
I shall build my race into the proudest segment of your society. Before I follow the great Chiefs who have gone before us, oh Canada, I shall see these things come to pass. I shall see our young braves and our chiefs sitting in the houses of law and government, ruling and being ruled by the knowledge and freedom of our great land. So shall we shatter the barriers of our isolation? So shall the next hundred years be the greatest and proudest in the proud history of our tribes and nations. Part of a speech by Chief Dan George of TsleilWaututh Nation at Canada’s centennial celebration in Vancouver in 1967.
COAST SALISH CULTURE
IT’S CANOE SEASON EVEN BEFORE the first day of spring, paddlers have been on the waters of the Salish Sea, alone or with their crew, preparing for another season of racing. Meanwhile, in workshops around the coast, master carvers like Elmer Sampson are building single and pair’s canoes as well as larger ones for six- and eleven-person crews. And sometimes there’s time to carve paddles or even a small canoe, given as treasured mementos at ceremonies and events. Elmer works from a shop next to his home overlooking Shell Beach on Stz’uminus First Nation near Ladysmith. He and his next-door-neighbour and brother, Manny, both in their 80s, have been building canoes for decades. There have been many changes over those years, not only in the tools used, but also in the red cedar. It has become more difficult to find the large logs ideal for the traditional ‘dugout’ canoe, so cedar-strip canoes have become more common. Passing on the knowledge of the craft to others is part of the work of a master carver. Marvin often shares the shop, working at his father’s side. Grandkids do some sanding, getting used to working with wood.
Elmer Sampson, master canoe builder, stands between two projects, a dugout canoe and a strip canoe. Photos by Tricia Thomas
Elmer Sampson’s canoe shed
CANOE RACE SCHEDULE MAY 2016 7-8 14 21-22 28-29 28-29
Nooksack Days, Lummi, WA Penn Cove water festival, Coupeville, WA Chilliwack Landing, Chilliwack, BC Seabird Festival, Seabird, BC Snuneymuxw Water Sports, Nanaimo, BC
Elmer with a small strip canoe
Marvin Sampson works on a small canoe
SALISH SEA SENTINEL 3
COAST SALISH CULTURE
THE DRUM SOUNDS OF CONNECTIONS
By Lawrence Mitchell, ‘Ćum’qwa:tun’ Snaw-naw-as First Nation
SNAW-NAW-AS HASN’T REALLY had its own song and dance group. If it did, it has been a long time since it has performed. In fact, a lot of the culture was withheld from our parents, and from their parents and grandparents, in fear of them or their children being taken away, like
what happened with residential school and the Sixties Scoop and all that history. I grew up half my life in foster homes, not knowing how big my history and connections were. All I knew back in the ‘80s was that I was an Indian…and back then in elementary school, I was getting beaten
up weekly because I was an Indian. It got to a point where I was so ashamed of being beaten up and ridiculed all the time that I found myself walking home scratching my arms until they bled, because back then I thought being an Indian was a colour… and I hated being Indian. I didn’t
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4 SALISH SEA SENTINEL
AROUND THE SALISH SEA
Photo by Tricia Thomas
know anything about my true history as a Coast Salish person. All I knew was what we learned in social studies, that natives lived in teepees and hunted buffalo. So, in saying that, I grew up half my life not knowing who I was, why I am here and what my purpose is in life. And after moving back to the reserve in Nanoose, I’ve been spending the rest of my life learning those things I was missing as a child. And I don’t want any of my kids, or other Coast Salish xwulmuxw (people) facing those kind of tribulations. At the same time, I want to let all other children in the school districts know that we don’t hunt buffalo and we don’t live in teepees. Let them know that we are rich in culture, history and that the Salish Sea is Coast Salish. We live a way of life that has been handed down to us from the creator. And through these practices, our lives become enriched. We forge sacred connections with the animal kingdom, the spirit world, our people and the creator. Through our song and dance group we honour those connections and share how we respect our way of life through the songs and dance. We aim to tell stories through the dance and help our neighbours understand where they are and forge new relationships through our children.
We are all going to be here forever. We will more than likely grow up as neighbours for the rest of time. Why not develop a continuum of awareness and have this relationship built and maintained on a long-term basis? Meanwhile, back home, we are starting to practice and share these teachings and raise awareness within our children. We want to build them into this way of life, as it was not so available or present to some of us as parents and grandparents. Through this dance group, we aim to build a connection to the children in the schools, forge a relationship within their lives, enhance teachings with our children, and fulfill our responsibilities to the ancestors by carrying on with our traditions. Teaching our children the ways, so that, in time, they can pass them on to their children and those unborn. My children are being leaders. I always uplift them in any way I can because it takes a lot of courage and bravery to get up and dance in front of hundreds of kids their age. I always acknowledge what they’re doing because no one else is doing it, so they are leading by example. They are leaders. And I beam with pride knowing they are so intent on learning our culture, being a
part of our rich and vibrant history, and so willing to share this with their peers. They are uplifting a nation, setting a positive example and laying a path for future growth as Coast Salish people in this area. Through future performances, we hope to engage more kids, and even parents, within our nation and work to ensure our children unborn know who they are, why they are, where they come from and how they play a role in our history, as well as show honour to our ancestors.
My children and I have been involved in song and dance for the last few months, primarily in Parksville area schools. We have danced for PASS-Woodwinds alternate school and Nanoose Bay elementary. We have helped co-host cultural awareness days with our local school, Seaview Elementary. And we have several schools in the wings waiting for us to share our story. We recently performed for the BC Assembly of First Nations and will be performing for the Nanaimo Aboriginal Center dinner in April, as well. SALISH SEA SENTINEL 5
LAWSUIT TARGETS
E&N by Cara McKenna
SNAW-NAW-AS FIRST NATION is on a mission to get its land back after a railway was built cutting through its reserve north of Nanaimo decades ago. The nation is suing the owners of the E&N (Esquimalt and Nanaimo) rail line, the Island Corridor Foundation and the Attorney General of Canada asking for about 10 acres of sold land to be given back, plus costs. The federal Department of Indian Affairs sold E&N the land and gave permission to build on it in the early 1900s —
6 SALISH SEA SENTINEL
Many nations have railways cutting through reserve and traditional lands
despite the oft-ignored pre-confederation Douglas Treaty that grants Snaw-naw-as land rights. The E&N line was once used as a passenger rail service. It stopped running in 2011 because of unsafe track conditions. The Island Corridor Foundation responded in February by asking the BC court to throw out the suit, and claims the lands in question are still being used for railway purposes, such as trains running from north Nanaimo to the harbour. Robert Janes, lawyer for Snaw-naw-as,
told the Nanaimo News Bulletin that the owners of the E&N line have yet to prove that they are planning to genuinely run a railway. “The corridor that was taken out of the reserve for the railway was expropriated back in the early part of the 20th century and one of the conditions that goes with any expropriation like that for railways is that once it’s no longer needed or used for railway purposes, it goes back to the original owner,” he said.
SENTINEL PROFILE
JESSIE CHAMPIONS A SOBER LIFE JESSIE LOUIE SAYS she has a whole new feeling about herself. Sitting in her office overlooking Squirrel Cove, the Klahoose First Nation alcohol and drug counselor is quietly celebrating. She is just back from a month-long stay at the Tsow-Tun Le Lum centre at Snaw-naw-as nation. The Kwunatsustul, which means ‘holding hands, standing together’, trauma program was good for Jessie at this time in her life.
“I KNEW I HAD TO LEAVE THE COMMUNITY, GET AWAY FROM DRINKING. YOU NEED TO ADMIT YOU NEED HELP, IT CAN'T BE FORCED.” Almost as good as celebrating her 12th year of sobriety. “I was sober, yes, but staring to feel empty inside and lost,” she says of months past that saw a nephew die of alcoholism (“horrible”), the death her sister in December and then, the last straw. “My auntie passed away. She was my mentor and sounding board. That’s when I knew I needed help.” Jessie says Kwunatsustul “helped give me strength moving forward”. And she knows all about that… both moving forward and getting help. Like back in the 1970s when Jessie ran for election as Klahoose chief. The 23-year-old won by a single vote and began to see what it was like to be her nation’s first woman leader, in a man’s world of governance in both the native and non-native worlds. “I was as green as could be,” she says, adding that she asked herself, “Now what am I going to do? I just had to try to get the hang of it.” There was no help from the former chief. “When I went to the first chiefs’ meeting in Vancouver, it was all men looking at me like, ‘What are you doing here?’ But that just made me more stubborn, making sure I was going to make it. “It wasn’t easy. There wasn’t much help from anyone. But Clarence Joe of Sechelt helped me a lot, explaining stuff I needed to be doing.” Cortes Island was a different place then. There were no ferries and no telephones. Jessie’s proudest memory is getting the first water system built for the Klahoose community. After one term as chief, Jessie began to drink more heavily. In her 30s, she went to a treatment facility in Nimpkish, but relapsed. In the 1990s, she went to an all-women’s centre in Vancouver, but again relapsed after seven months.
Jessie Louie
“I knew I had to leave the community, get away from drinking. You need to admit you need help. It can’t be forced.” Finally, after many efforts, Jessie made it to sobriety. “I can remember my last hangover to the day,” she says. “I needed a mickey to get on the ferry, saw a crisis nurse and went into detox in Campbell River for six weeks and then two weeks at Tsow-Tun Le Lum.” Her face lights up when she remembers, “I was able to come home. It took two years for the community to see I maintained sobriety. I stayed away 20 years and came home in 1999 to earn the trust of my community.” Since then, Jessie has served three terms on council and, since 2007, has been the alcohol and drugs worker, as well as language coordinator. “I don’t have a certificate,” she says of her work as drugs and alcohol counselor. “But I have lots of experience.”
SALISH SEA SENTINEL 7
AROUND THE SALISH SEA
INDIGENOUS CENTRE PLAN IN NANAIMO
Form and Setting of Place
A CULTURAL CENTRE is being proposed on Vancouver Island that would give urban Indigenous people a place to gather together for everything from coffee to ceremonies. The plan has diverse support including elders from the Snuneymuxw, Metis and Kwakwaka'wakw nations, Indigenous youth and the Nanaimo Aboriginal Centre.
Chris Beaton of the Nanaimo Aboriginal Centre said the 42,000 square foot space would include childcare and a public school. “Culturally, there’s a need to connect,” he said. “There are so many of our elders now living in cities, as well as others. Our elders feel the need to pass knowledge on, and so many of them are sit-
Indigenous Peoples Place of Culture
ting in apartments waiting for that to happen.” The space would also be open to nonAboriginal people as a way to promote reconciliation. A request has been sent to Nanaimo parks and recreation to build the centre in the city’s Beban Park. About $10.5 million needs to be raised.
Naut’sa mawt
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AROUND THE SALISH SEA
HOMALCO RADIO STATION TUNES IN AN ABORIGINAL RADIO station, a decade in the making, could soon become a reality. And a Coast Salish name for the station is already being discussed, said Darren Blaney who is a councillor for the Homalco First Nation. “Some of the names include CHIA (grandmother) and CIEM (siem or honoured person). “Homalco had an application for the station about 10 years ago when I was chief,” Blaney said. “We reactivated the application late last year, all paperwork is in and some of the engineering work has started at the tower on Mt. Washington.” He said the Canadian Radio and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) is expected to make a decision on the license
Darren Blaney
application on May 16. “It’s pretty much a formality. We have formed a society, written a constitution and business plan,” he said. The society’s board members also include Mavis Coupal, Gerald Joseph, Corrina Wilson and Rebecca Blaney.
Once up and running, the station will bonce up and running, the station will be heard from Nanaimo to Port Hardy and in Powell River on the Sunshine Coast. “The station is only one sliver of what we can do, rebuilding the culture and our oral tradition,” Blaney said, adding that programs could include topics such as the environment, climate change, Aboriginal rights, cultural practices, public messages and a Coast Salish word of the day. He said investors are being contacted to build up a trust fund to finance the station. “So far, I’ve been pretty much working on this on my own, covering costs by selling my artwork, including a boardroom table for Interfor.”
SALISH SEA SENTINEL 9
AROUND THE SALISH SEA
WELCOME TO THE WORLD ABOUT 20 BABIES and other young children were ‘blanketed’ in a unique welcoming ceremony at Snaw-naw-as First Nation on March 19. One of the children (main photo) was Cadence Sam, Melanie Bob who is in the main photo with her parents Amanda Bob and Leslie Sam. The small photo is of Melanie Bob, the artist who helped make all the shawls for the event.
Leslie Sam and Amanda Bob with daughter Cadence
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10 SALISH SEA SENTINEL
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An Act to amend and consolidate the laws respecting Indians Assented to 12th April, 1876
WHEREAS it is expedient to amend and consolidate the laws respecting Indians : Therefore Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows: 1. This Act shall be known and may be cited as " The Indian Act, 1876 ; " and shall apply to all the Provinces, and to the North West Territories, including the Territory of Keewatin. 2. The Minister of the Interior shall be SuperintendentGeneral of Indian Affairs, and shall be governed in the supervision of the said affairs, and in the control and management of the reserves, lands, moneys and property of Indians in Canada by the provisions of this Act.
NO MORE INDIAN ACT! A special feature celebrating Effective Date of the Tla’amin Treaty – April 5, 2016
DECLARATION OF THE TLA’AMIN PEOPLE Since the beginning of time, our people have lived on the lands that the Creator provided for our ancestors. We lived by our traditional systems of governance that sustained us and our lands and resources for thousands of years. Our society governed all forms of environmental, social and political relations through a sophisticated system of traditional laws, as is our traditional way. It is from this proud history that Sliammon derives our inherent right to selfgovernment. With jurisdiction and responsible leadership, we will create economic and employment opportunities to sustain and improve the quality of life for present and future generations. SALISH SEA SENTINEL 11
TLA’AMIN TREATY
THE LONG JOURNEY TO
TLA’AMIN TREATY
It has been a very long road to treaty for the Tla’amin people. Even before Sliammon Nation (the English name for Tla’amin) entered the British Columbia treaty process in 1994, there were leaders with the vision that someday there would be ‘No more Indian Act’.
CHANGING OUR WORLDS
The first stories about Sliammon’s treaty began appearing in 2005 on the pages of The Sentinel’s predecessor, Klahowya, and in the nation’s own newsletter, Neh Motl. It was in that year that Joe Gallagher, the head negotiator at the time, and Davis McKenzie wrote: “This process is about Sliammon self-government. We must remember that we have an inherent right to govern ourselves. No other government can give that to us, and it does not come from the Indian Act.”
THE WORK BEGINS
An agreement-in-principle was signed with the governments of Canada and B.C. in June 2003 and later ratified by community members. Work began in earnest at Sliammon on a huge range of items, from law-making and creating a constitution to evaluating resources and conducting comprehensive community planning. The then-chief, Walter Paul, told the Powell River Peak newspaper that a challenging time had begun for Sliammon. “Treaty is the tool that we need to have in place to move us forward. We can't continue to sit here under the Indian Act and administer our own poverty. It doesn't work.” Much background work was done on treaty, especially the constitution, over the next few years. The nation also focused on economic development as an agreement was signed with Plutonic Power (now Alterra) for the impacts of the transmission lines for a run-of-river hydro project that passed through Sliammon lands.
12 SALISH SEA SENTINEL
Tla’amin members (above) visited the BC Legislature in March 2013 for ratification of the treaty. At left is Elsie Paul’s paddle that was used to illustrate one of the many formal treaty documents.
MAJOR COURT DECISIONS
Those years also saw major court decisions that would affect treaty talks and other issues, not only for Sliammon, but also for First Nations across Canada. Following on from the groundbreaking Calder, Sparrow, Guerin and Delgamuukw decisions in decades past came the Haida and Taku River decisions, all causing a seachange in thinking (if not in action) about Aboriginal rights and title, consultation and other key policies.
CLINT BECOMES CHIEF
Meanwhile, back at Sliammon, Clint Williams took over as chief in 2008, the job he has held ever since, as work intensified on the constitution and other matters essential to nation-building. Meetings continued at the treaty table and elsewhere with provincial and federal officials on many lands, resource and other issues. Frustration was felt by Sliammon negotiators as the federal government refused to discuss fisheries issues as part of a treaty settlement.
DRAFT TLA’AMIN TREATY May 27, 2010
Note: the Parties will update the Appendices before the Effective Date.
Inset 2 - Oyster Plant Parcels
Desolation Sound Marine Park
Cortes Island
Overview of Tla'amin Lands and Other Tla'amin Lands
IR 4
Legend Tla'amin Land Other Tla'amin Land
IR 6
IR 3
Road Transferred to British Columbia on the Effective Date
Provincial Crown Road (Excluded) Malaspina Park
Provincial Protected Area
Copeland Islands Marine Park
Municipality Highway
Hernando Island
Inset 1
THIS MAP IS NOT TO BE USED FOR DEFINING TLA’AMIN LAND BOUNDARIES OR FOR THEIR LEGAL DESCRIPTIONS. DEPICTIONS OF TLA’AMIN LAND ON THIS MAP ARE TO BE USED FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY.
Powell Lake
Inset 2
0
1:2,500 20 40 Metres Inland Lake Park
IR 5
Inset 1 - Lund Parcels
THE AUTHORITATIVE VERSION OF THIS MAP IS CONTAINED IN THE ATLAS WHERE IT IS PRODUCED AT THE CORRECT SCALE.
Powell Lake
Inset 3 Savary Island
©
IR 1
Lund
Hig hw
ay 1
01
Ha
a Str
L
1:125,000 4
0
fG
Powell River
Key Map
eo rgia
Inset 3 - Savary Island Parcels
Inset 4 - Wharf Street Parcel
8
Kilometers
IR 2
it o
1:3,000 20 40 Metres
m
Duck Lake Protected Area
Harwood Island
0
sla
e ak
Inset 4
Campbell River
!Whistler !
!
Courtenay
Vancouver Island
!
Sechelt Nanaimo !
Ma la
Texada Island
Savary Island 1:3,000 0 20 40 Metres
1:3,000 0 20 40 Metres
sp
ina
Str
ait
Squamish
!
Vancouver
Base map derived from 1:20,000 TRIM data Land District: Group1, New Westminster; Sayward, and Texada Island UTM Zone 10
Appendix: B Overview of Tla'amin Lands and Other Tla'amin Lands
‘YES’ TO CONSTITUTION
A milestone was reached in October 2009 when 70 per cent of the nation’s voters gave their approval to the Tla’amin Constitution, a significant step toward achieving a modern-day treaty.
FINAL AGREEMENT
On June 9, 2010, federal, provincial and Tla’amin negotiators reached agreement on the essential elements of the draft Tla’amin Final Agreement. Treaty negotiations concluded when the three parties initialed the final agreement on October 21. The vote on the final agreement proved difficult through 2012, as even families were split on whether to go ahead with treaty. In May, the Sliammon Treaty Society hosted former Assembly of First Nations national chief Shawn Atleo and a delegation of guest speakers to provide their vision on self-government and moving forward beyond the Indian Act at a community session themed ‘New Beginnings’. But still there were court hearings and even blockades of the main voting centre before Sliammon members eventually approved the agreement by a narrow margin on July 10, 2012.
Members of Tla’amin (Sliammon) council signed treaty documents with Canada and BC in March 2014.
BC, CANADA SAY OKAY
The Tla’amin Final Agreement Act was ratified by the BC Legislature on March 14, 2013, and the deal received royal assent. The signing of the agreement by the three parties was completed on April 11, 2014, when, on behalf of Canada, then-federal Aboriginal Affairs minister, Bernard Valcourt, signed off. A few days before, the Government of Canada introduced legislation for ratification by Parliament. That legislation received royal assent on June 19, 2014. SALISH SEA SENTINEL 13
#MMIW
THE POWELL CHAMB AND ITS VALUED OF WHOM ARE F CONGRATULATE TLA’ FINALIZATION OF ITS
AS YOUR PROUD NE YOUR NATION AND AND PROSPE
Beyond the Road ADVENTURES
14 SALISH SEA SENTINEL
BER OF COMMERCE MEMBERS, MANY FEATURED HERE, ’AMIN NATION ON THE S LANDMARK TREATY!
EIGHBOURS, WE WISH ITS PEOPLE A BRIGHT EROUS FUTURE
#MMIW
PR E P COMMUNITY PROGRAMS
Darren Marquis Construction Ltd.
SALISH SEA SENTINEL 15
TLA’AMIN TREATY
THE B.C. TREATY PROCESS The B.C. treaty process consists of six stages:
PROBYN LOG CONGRATULATES TLA’AMIN NATION ON THE SIGNING OF THEIR HISTORIC TREATY
Strength in Partnerships
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CONGRATULATIONS Tla’amin Nation on your historic Agreement April 5, 2016
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1 STATEMENT OF INTENT TO NEGOTIATE 2 READINESS TO NEGOTIATE 3 NEGOTIATION OF A FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT 4 NEGOTIATION OF AN AGREEMENT-IN-PRINCIPLE 5 NEGOTIATION TO FINALIZE A TREATY 6 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TREATY
These photos are from Tla'amin treaty celebrations and ceremonies over the past five years.
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A SONG ON THE WATER YOUNG TLA’AMIN (Sliammon) activist Ta’Kaiya Blaney – centre of photo with drum – recently offered a song for the Shawnigan and Sooke watersheds. The water ceremony took place on the shores of Shawnigan Lake. Local residents and neighbours of Malahat First Nation are fighting to protect water supplies from potential risks of an uphill-contaminated soil dump uphill. Also attending were other Coast Salish people as well as another young singer, Kalilah Rampanen from Nuu-chah-nuth territory. Photo by Tricia Thomas
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LNG PROJECT NO GAS FOR SOME The Bamberton industrial site with Saanich Inlet in the background. photo by Tricia Thomas
THE PROPOSAL for a floating liquefied natural gas (LNG) facility in Saanich Inlet continues to make the news and is proving to be ‘a gas’ for anyone interested in local politics, historical treaties or fossil fuel energy markets. In early March, four Saanich chiefs came out in opposition to plans by the partnership between Steelhead LNG and Malahat First Nation and demanded that any operations around the project stop immediately. The proposed facility would be located at the Bamberton lands on Saanich Inlet, a property that Malahat Nation pur-
WSANEC chiefs
chased last year. Six million tonnes of the gas would be produced for export to Asia each year. When the National Energy Board gave the project an export licence last October, Steelhead CEO Nigel Kuzemko acknowledged his company was still at the beginning of a long process involving environmental approval and consultations with First Nations. That process has become even stickier now that the Pauquachin, Tsartlip, Tsawout and Tseycum First Nations have announced their total rejection to the
plan. The chiefs say the export license was issued without any notice to them, and that the project goes against their nations’ rights to hunt and fish, as outlined in their pre-confederation treaty with the Crown in 1852. “The Saanich Inlet has been our home for thousands of years,” a statement said. “The inlet is a critical source of food, recreation and ceremony. The mountains that surround the Saanich Inlet are our sacred places. Past industrial activity damaged the Inlet and we celebrate the signs of recovery over the past few years.”
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DAYS AT KLAHOOSE A FEW
PEACEFULNESS SETTLES IN on arrival at the Klahoose First Nation offices overlooking Squirrel Cove on Cortes Island, peacefulness settles in. It may have something to do with the place, looking east over West Redonda Island to Desolation Sound and the mountains on the Mainland, or it could be the wonderful building itself – from the coffee
Words and photos by Mark Kiemele
area to the celebration hall, from the fitness room to the chief ’s office. But more likely, of course, it’s the people who work around the community that makes Klahoose a special journey’s end… a place called home. There’s Caroline Francis at the front desk, always helpful, passing along a book about Anna to an eight-year-old with the
same name. Eight-year-old Anna reluctantly posed for a photo with her mother Normaline Louie who returned home to Klahoose last year. Kerry Francis, the administrator, makes everyone feel at home with a plate of great grilled cheese sandwiches for anyone who happens along. Down the hall there’s Tina Wesley, the
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Anna with her book about Anna and mom Normaline
Anita Noble and her candle molds
fisheries officer, who talks about coming home and her wonderful childhood in Toba Inlet. At the other end of the building, Jessie Louie talks about the long roads travelled before she came home (See Pages 6-7). Councillors Billy Barnes and Kevin Mitchell offer a whirlwind tour of the T’oq reserve, showing the concrete pads awaiting five manufactured homes that arrive at the end of March – places to live for others coming home. Down at the old band office, Anita Noble is coming to grips with her new job, managing the new Candle Creations of Klahoose business when she’s not working as the medical travel assistant. She came home from Manitoba in 2012, having left Klahoose when she was 16.
Kevin Mitchell and Billy Barnes at a house site
Ray Noble takes aim
She has plenty of plans for the business, from getting everyone involved in community candle-making to building up retail sales while creating employment. “It will bring people together.… Give me time,” she smiles “and it’s going to be good.” Just up the hill, at Anita’s house, partner Dave and her brother Ray Noble, struggle for a couple of days, getting the satellite dish properly aimed. “Line it up with that tree with ears,” he says. And later Ray, a former chief, talks about The Tree, the one with the carved face that was found in Toba a couple of years ago. It was a marker on the old Grease Trail into Tsilhqot’in (Chilcotin) territory. Then he aims the satellite dish at a different trail.
Chief James Delorme at the map
Back to the offices where Chief James Delorme shows off a concept map of planned subdivisions, sewage and water plants and recreation facilities. But on this day he’s almost more proud of the Geordie Howe memorabilia just received from a friend. Later, on a rainy walk down to Squirrel Cove itself, he talks about the opportunities around the soon-to-come marina and natural resort. And he hints at other big things on the horizon. More hints come the next morning with the arrival VIPs in a yellow helicopter.
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SNAW-NAW-AS HEALTH SERVICES INCREASE
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Photos by Tricia Thomas
Snaw Naw As Health Centre; David Bob (inset)
A LONG-HELD DREAM of David Bob for a full suite of health services for the Snawnaw-as First Nation community is becoming a reality.
Dr. Randal Mason is visiting the nation’s four-year-old health centre two days a week. A dental hygienist visits regularly, as do a chiropractor, addictions and men-
tal health workers, home and community care workers and occupational therapists. “I guess I was in the right place at the right time,” Bob said as he talked about meetings
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Dr. Randal Mason with a patient at the Snaw-naw-as health centre
with the Vancouver Island Health Authority and the need for regular visits by a doctor. “I told them my vision and dream and how I heard about the possibility of interns com-
An occupational therapist visits regularly
ing in from UBC. And it all worked out.” The intern pilot project started in January and ends in July. Bob has high hopes that it will become an ongoing program.
“Some of our community members refused to go into Nanaimo to see a doctor,” he said. “They were afraid of prejudices. Here people feel safe.”
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COMPUTERS ON THE CHEAP
HUNDREDS OF LAPTOP and desktop computers are available for $100 or less to coastal First Nations. That’s the message from Darren Blaney of Homalco First Nation. Darren who has already bought refurbished computers from the BC Technology for Learning Society. The 18 laptops cost $100 each and desktop computers were $40. With them,
Blaney helped start an elders’ computer course at Homalco with added teaching about cellphones and cameras. The society runs the Computers for Schools program in BC. It refurbishes computers and other equipment donated by governments and businesses. They are distributed to schools, libraries, and registered not-for-profit organizations. More info at reusetechbc.ca
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TSLEIL-WAUTUTH Nation – People of the Inlet – has unveiled a science-based action plan to restore the contaminated Burrard Inlet. The draft plan, released in February, has the nation’s leadership saying that identifying issues that must be resolved will result in real action to clean up the area of North Vancouver shoreline. The document is based on various interviews with experts including researchers and resource managers. The report is available on the nation’s website, and goes into detail about how the inlet could be made more environmentally-sound. It will be discussed in further detail at the Burrard Inlet Science Symposium on May 19 at the Stanley Park pavilion in Vancouver.
NEWS IN BRIEF
GET READY FOR THE BIG ONE
TLA’AMIN SAYS NO TO HERRING HARVEST BOATS FROM THE commercial herring fishery began appearing along the BC coast prompting Tla’amin Nation to serve notice on the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO). Tla’amin council told DFO in early March that the fishery would cause “irreversible damage” to the herring stock. “If the decision… is to proceed with the commercial herring fishery, Tla’amin Nation will take steps to restrain the mismanagement of the fishery,” the band council resolution said. Chief Clint Williams told the Vancouver Sun that a DFO notice of the fishery in Tla’amin traditional territory “set some alarm bells ringing for us. It’s been 30 years and we are only now starting to see some patchy spawn here, but nothing like it was traditionally. We are going to do whatever we can to stop this and allow the healing that needs to take place.” Last year, other First Nations including Haida and Heiltsuk stopped the commercial fishery. Haida won a court injunction to halt a roe fishery and Heiltsuk members took over a DFO office until the fishery was cancelled in their territory.
STZ’UMINUS FIRST NATION is preparing for earthquakes and other disasters. An emergency preparedness team has identified 16 zones throughout the community and, in early March, received training including rapid damage assessment. Fire safety, first aid and evacuation training is also scheduled. Representatives for each zone are expected to check on the people in their areas during any type of emergency and report to coordinators on damages, needs and issues so that assistance delivery can be prioritized. More inforomation is available from either Cecelia Harris – cecelia. harris@stzuminus.com or Kritsa Perrault – krista_5788@live.ca
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Tell us your story! – If you know someone who that is a high respect – we a cultural leader, someone you achiever, a cultural cultural leader, leader someone or is a person you respect you respect – we would – we would toand hear from you! like would to read likelike towhy read why how and you how honour you honour them. them. Send us an email with your story idea and we will do the rest. Send us anwho email with your idea and And everyone who offers offers an anarticle articleorstory orartwork artwork that that is used is we used in do theorrest. in thewill the magazine magazine on orour on salishseasentinel.ca our salishseasentinel.ca site will sitebewill given be given an honourarium. an honourarium.
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SALISH SEA SENTINEL 25
LAND USE PLANNING
CLEAN ENERGY, BETTER HOUSES UNDER SCRUTINY BY NATIONS FOSSIL FUEL-FREE energy and low-cost, low-carbon-footprint homes were just two topics under study at a Stz’uminus nation gathering on March 7. The workshop marked the end of a Naut’sa mawt Tribal Council NmTC project funded by BC’s clean energy business
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fund. Participating nations included Halalt, Homalco, Stz’uminus and Tsawwassen. T’Sou-ke First Nation’s journey to becoming a ‘net-zero’ community was shared in a presentation by Andrew Moore while a new type of house construction was
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shared by Eli Enns, the chief administrator at Halalt. Also on hand was John Lerner, the sustainable development advisor who coordinated the project that may be expanded to other nations soon. NmTC chief administrator Gary Reith said the next phase may include energy efficiency
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policies for housing that could be incorporated into the tribal council’s popular Housing Toolkit. Moore said that the key to the T’Sou-ke solar success story was that “we engaged the whole community to develop a 100year collective vision. Everyone was able to see how they, and every family, could be involved. “We showed young people that they can stand up and make change,” he said. “Many T'Sou-ke children have grown up with solar. It’s all they know.” Among the benefits of T’Sou-ke’s solar success were reduced energy costs for all community members and energy autonomy for the nation. A side benefit was training solar installers who now can find work in a growing sector. Meanwhile, Eli Enns led a discussion about new kinds of house construction, as
The AYO house nearing completion at UBC. Photo courtesy of Chief James Delorme, Klahoose First Nation.
he shared information on the AYO ‘smart home’. A demonstration model is near completion at the University of British Columbia’s Point Grey campus, as part of UBC’s Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability.
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NmTC Mentorship Opportunity Naut’sa mawt Tribal Council is looking for people from our eleven nations who want to know about our new Mentorship Program. We want to link applicants with our partners to provide a paid, professional work environment for up to one year. The idea is to help you realize your career and personal goals and eventually secure permanent, full-time employment based either in the Lower Mainland or on Vancouver Island.
The highly insulated house is built with magnesium oxide panels, is highly efficient in energy use and can be built for a relatively low cost. AYO representatives at the workshop said a $90-per-square-foot goal was possible.
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SALISH SEA SENTINEL 27
READERS LIKE THEIR SENTINEL PEOPLE IN THE ELEVEN Naut’sa mawt Tribal Council (NmTC) communities like reading this magazine and have some good ideas on how to make it better. Those were some of the findings in a survey of leaders in a wide-ranging ‘needs assessment’ that looked at the many services delivered by NmTC and what nations’ top needs and priorities were, from community planning and housing to governance and culture. More than 84 per cent of those filling out the survey said the Salish Sea Sentinel played a role in communicating the successes of their nation to other community members. About 62 per cent picked up their copy of the magazine at a band office while about 24 per cent had home delivery. Al-
most 10 per cent got a copy while travelling on a major BC Ferries route and an equal number downloaded a digital version of the magazine from the Sentinel web site. There were a number of suggestions on what sort of articles people like to read in the magazine including those about land,
youth, elders and health issues. And there were some specific ideas for stories: recipes, including how to make bannock, how to build a skiff, how to skin a deer, and how to use a pressure cooker for jarring clams. Besides the Sentinel, those who filled out the survey praised NmTC for bringing together people from various communities so that they can network. They also said they would like assistance to connect with potential mentors from other nations. Other questions raised by respondents included: how successful organizations are able to keep staff, what is meant by mentoring and a mentoring plan, and elements of community engagement training that would be most valuable.
Naut’sa mawt Tribal Council is seeking a mature, reliable and responsible Office Clerk Receptionist at our Delta Office.
Naut’sa mawt Tribal Council is seeking a bright, talented full-time Administrative Assistant at our Delta Office.
Administrative Assistant We are seeking a strong self-starter to implement administrative systems, procedures, and policies, and to contribute to various projects. You will use high-level skills to perform secretarial support and operational functions and assist to organize office work flow with minimum specific instructions. Our ideal candidate will have good technical and communication skills and be able to work independently in a fast paced environment, with proven ability to work under pressure. First Nations candidates from NmTC Member Nations are encouraged to apply. Please email resume to: Kirstin Sware, Office Manager kirstins@nautsamawt.com Deadline: April 22, 2016
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NmTC Delta Office 330-6165 Highway 17A Delta, BC V4K 5B8 office: (604) 943-6712 fax: (604) 943-5367
Office Clerk Receptionist We are looking for someone who has experience working in an office setting to provide administrative and financial support services by handling AR/AP financial transactions accurately and efficiently, maintain filing systems, and support to NmTC’s Event Management activities. Our ideal candidate is mature, responsible and reliable, with excellent communication skills and an excited drive to work and grow with our organization in a fast-paced environment. First Nations candidates from NmTC Member Nations are encouraged to apply. Please email resume to: Kirstin Sware, Office Manager kirstins@nautsamawt.com Deadline: April 22, 2016
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