o"kZ % 12 « vad % 04 «vizSy 2014 « dqy i`"B % 72
lEiknd
lq/khj fgylk;u lEiknd e.My
MkW vkj-ch- ykaxk;u vthr flag] MkW- 'kksHkkJh VkMh lEikndh; dk;kZy;
lkekftd U;k; lans'k
bl vad esa
MkW- vEcsMdj izfr"Bku 15 tuiFk] ubZ fnYyh&110001
Qksu 011&23320588] 23320589] 23357625] eksckbZy % 07503210124 QSDl % 011&23320582
bZ-esy % hilsayans@gmail.com editorsnsp@gmail.com
csclkbZV% www.ambedkarfoundation.nic.in ¼lkekftd U;k; lans'k mi;qZDr ossclkbZV ij miyCèk gS ½
O;kikj O;oLFkkid
txnh'k izlkn vkoj.k fp=% lanhi ckS) ds lkStU; ls
izdk'kd o eqnzd fou; dqekj ikWy] funs'kd (MkW-v-iz-) }kjk MkW- vEcsMdj izfr"Bku (lkekftd U;k; ,oa vfèkdkfjrk ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj) ds fy, bf.M;k vkWiQlsV izsl] ,&1] ek;kiqjh baMfLVª;y ,fj;k] iQst&I] ubZ fnYyh 110064 ls eqfnzr rFkk 15 tuiFk] ubZ fnYyh&110001 ls izdkf'kr o lqèkhj fgylk;u] lEiknd (MkW-v-iz-) }kjk lEikfnrA lkekftd U;k; lan's k esa izdkf'kr ys[kks@a jpukvksa esa O;Dr fopkj ys[kdksa ds vius gSAa izdkf'kr ys[kks@a jpukvksa esa fn, x, rF; lacèa kh fooknksa dk iw.kZ nkf;Ro ys[kdks@a jpukdkjksa dk gSA ;g vko';d ugha fd ljdkjh n`f"Vdks.k Hkh ogh gksA if=kdk esa izdkf'kr foKkiuksa dh fo"k;&oLrq ds fy, Hkh lkekftd U;k; lan's k mÙkjnk;h ugha gSA leLr dkuwuh ekeyksa dk fuiVkjk dsoy fnYyh@ubZ fnYyh ds {ks=k ,oa U;k;ky;ksa ds vèkhu gksxkA
lEikndh;@cksf/klRo ckcklkgsc lq/khj fgylk;u MkW- Hkhejko vEcsMdj 3 iqLrd va'k@xksyest lEesyu esa MkW- vEcsMdj 4&9 vkt ds iz'u vkSj ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj vjfoUn dqekj lEcy 10&13 lkekftd ifjorZu ds egkuk;d Hkkouk ljksgk 14&15 ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj vkèkqfud Hkkjr esa LokLF; lsokvksa ds lat; dqekj ,oa 16&19 fodkl esa MkW- vEcsMdj dk ;ksxnku MkW- tqxy fd'kksj ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj vkSj lkekftd U;k; fuyhek ds rkdlkaMs 20&21 lafo/kku ds dqN igyqvksa ij ,d utj MkW- ,l-,y- èkuh 22&25 MkW vEcsMdj dh vkj{k.k dh voèkkj.kk MkW nsokuan dqaHkkjs 26&30 xzke&Lojkt% xkaèkh cuke MkW- vEcsMdj MkW- lquhy dqekj ^lqeu* 31&32 Hkkjr esa tkfr;k¡ % ckcklkgsc dh tqckuh lathc dqekj 35&38 ,d fVIi.kh
nfyr lkfgR; ij MkW- vEcsMdj dk izHkko MkW- vEcsMdj ds O;fDrRo dk vlj MkW- vEcsMdj vkSj Qwys dh f'k{kk dk vlj Hkkjrh; lekt ds Økafr lw;Z % T;ksfrck Qwys Hkkjrh; bfrgkl esa ukjh dh lkekftd fLFkfr vkSj MkW- vEcsMdj dk ;kssxnku
fufrdk xqIrk 39&41 izhrk gfjr 42&44 jtuh'k dqekj vEcsMdj 45&48 MkW- t;izdk'k dnZe 49&54 dfiy xkSrejko ewu 55&58
nfyr lkfgR; esa xwatrs ukjh eqfDr ds iz'u fonzksgh O;fDrRo o l'kDr efgyk ehjk ckbZ dgkuh@uqDrk dfork,a@esjs 'kCn] jkgs]a ckcklkgsc dk nnZ ckck rqe dgka gks] vk tkvks
jtr jkuh ehuw MkW- fu'kk lR;thr lanhi uhy lqns'k ruoj nsoh n;ky
59&63 64&65 66&67 68 70&71
RNI No. : DELHIN/2002/9036
lkekftd U;k; lans'k
xzkgd lnL;rk 'kqYd % okf"kZd ` 100] f}okf"kZd % ` 180] =kSokf"kZd % ` 250 fMekaM MªkÝV@euhvkWMZj MkW- vEcsMdj1 izfr"Bku] 15 tuiFk] ubZ fnYyh&110001 ds uke HkstsaA psd Lohdkj ugha fd, tk,axsA
vizSy 2014
lEiknd ds uke i=
KkuoèkZd vksj f'k{kkizn ys[k
eq>s cgqr tkx:d fd;k] lkjh Hkzkafr;ksa dks rksM+kA eSa dg ldrk gw¡ fd bl if=kdk ds ekè;e ls psruk tkx`r gqbZA ;Fkk fLFkfroknh utfj;s dks le>us dk u;k ekSdk feyk vkSj ckcklkgsc ds lafo/ku us Hkkjrh;ksa dks ubZ fn'kk esa lkspus dk ekSdk fn;kA mEehn djrk gw¡ fd vkxs Hkh psruk tkx`r djus esa if=kdk dkjxj gksxhA
lEiknd egksn;] gesa igyh ckj vkidh if=kdk ^lkekftd U;k; lans'k* dk vDVwcj vad ns[kus vkSj i<+us dks feykA lEikndh; [kwc ilUn vk;hA ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj ij lHkh ys[k csgn Kkuo/Zd vkSj f'k{kkizn yxsA dgkuh&^vkSjr tkr* [kwc ilUn vk;hA cPpksa dk dksuk Hkh [kwc I;kjk yxkA d`i;k cPpksa dk dksuk esa cky dgkuh o dfork,a Hkh izdkf'kr djus dh d`ik djsaA
jfo dqekj ubZ fnYyh
mRlkg o ÅtkZ feyh
cnzh izlkn oekZ ^vutku* xksyk cktkj] xksjj[kiqj (m-iz-)
lEiknd egksn;] eSa foxr ekg ls ^lkekftd U;k; lans'k* if=kdk i<+ jgh gw¡] gj ckj u;s ,oa :fpdj vkys[k ls Kku rks c<+rk gh jgk gSA lkFk gh eq>s dqN vViVk lk yxrk gS fd vkt rd bl lekt ds ckjs esa Ldwy] dkWyst esa D;wa ugha crk;k o i<+k;k x;kA nfyr vkschlh lekt ds egkiq#"kksa ,oa lkekftd lqèkkjdksa dh thouh muds dk;ks± dks i<+us ls tks mRlkg ,oa ÅtkZ eq>s feyrh gS] oks vkt rd Ldwy ,oa dkWystksa dh i<+kbZ ls ugha feyh] /kfeZd ik[k.M vkSj vU/fo'okl esa pksV djus esa ;g if=kdk lnSo ennxkj jgh gSA mEehn djrh gw¡ fd vkxs Hkh lkekftd U;k; ds fy, if=kdk dh egrh Hkwfedk gksxhA
lkfo=khckbZ iQwys dh tkudkjh lEiknd egksn;] lkekftd U;k; lans'k if=kdk esa eSaus lkfo=khckbZ iQwys ij ,d ys[k i<+k] blls igys eq>s lkfo=kh ckbZ iQwys ds ckjs esa tkudkjh ugha FkhA okLro esa lkfo=kh ckbZ iQwys Hkkjrh; ukjh lekt esa Økafr yk;h gSaA og igyh efgyk f'kf{kdk] igyh Nk=kkokl okMZu cuh blls igys Hkkjro"kZ esa dksbZ efgyk i<+h gh ugha FkhA pkgs fdlh Hkh tkfr o.kZ ;k /eZ dh gks] bl rjg lkfo=kh ckbZ iQwys us feFkdksa] :f<+okfnrk o ijEijk dks rksM+ ubZ fe'kky gekjs fy, is'k dhA bl rjg ls gesa if=kdk esa dbZ vU; egRoiw.kZ tkudkfj;ka feyhA lEiknd th dks gkfnZd /U;okn o 'kqHkdkeuk,a A
oh.kk esJke ,l-,iQ-,l- ÝySV~l] eq[kthZ uxj] fnYyh
u;s Hkkjr dk fuekZ.k lEiknd egksn;] ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj dh fons'k esa f'k{kk] ftlesa dksyfEc;k fo-fo- esa izos'k ds lkS o"kZ iwjs gksus ij fo'ks"k vad fudkyk x;k FkkA okLro esa bl vad esa ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj dSls /u vHkko esa fons'k x;sA ogka fu;fer i<+kbZ dj Hkkjr ykSVdj nfyr&fiNM+s o vkfnokfl;ksa ds lkFk gh efgykvksa ds eqís o Hkkjrh; lafoèkku fy[k u;s Hkkjr dk fuekZ.k fd;k] lkFk gh ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj laiw.kZ okM~-e; ckcklkgsc ds }kjk fopkj dks izdkf'kr djus ij dksfV'k cèkkbZA
fla/w ;kno pd/juk] bZ'kkiqj] ftyk vktex<+ (m-iz-)
Hkzkafr;ka nwj gqb± lEiknd egksn;] eq>s lekt ds ckjs esa ges'kk Hkzked tkudkjh feyrh jghA esjs dqN fe=kksa us ;g dgdj izpkfjr fd;k fd MkWch-vkj- vEcsMdj egkjk"Vª ds gSa] vkSj 'kkgw th egkjkt] T;ksfrck iQwys dk uke ugha ysuk pkfg,] D;ksafd mUgksaus vPNk dke ugha fd;k] ijUrq ^lkekftd U;k; lans'k* if=kdk us vizSy 2014
xqy'ku lkgw] ftyk vLirky] narsokM+k (N-x-)
2
lkekftd U;k; lans'k
; h d n k i E l 14
cksf/klRo ckcklkgsc MkW- Hkhejko vEcsMdj
vizSy] cksfèklRo ckcklkgsc MkW- Hkhejko vEcsMdj dk tUe&fnol Hkkjro"kZ ds oafprksa] nfyrksa] fiNM+ksa o misf{krksa ds fy, ioZ ds :Ik esa ubZ mRlkg ds lkFk izsj.kk iqat cudj vkrk gSA ckcklkgsc ds tUe&fnol ds volj ij MkW- vEcsMdj izfr"Bku laln ds izkax.k esa iq"ikatfy lekjksg vk;ksftr djrk gS] ftlesa ckcklkgsc ds yk[kksa vuq;k;h mudh izfrek ij iq"i vkSj ekyk p<+kdj mUgsa J¼kiwoZd ueu~ djrs gSa rFkk ckcklkgsc ds O;fDrRo ,oa fopkjksa ls izsj.kk ysdj LokfHkekuh thou O;rhr djus vkSj cjkcjh dk viuk vfèkdkj ikus ds fy, la?k"kZ dk u;k ladYi ysrs gSaA bl iquhr volj ij jk"Vªifr] izèkkuea=kh] ea=khx.k o lkaln vkfn Hkh iq"ikatfy vfiZr djus vkrs gSaA ubZ ih<+h dks ckcklkgsc ds thou&o`Ùk] la?k"kZ vkSj muds fopkjksa dh xgjkbZ ,oa egÙkk ls HkyhHkkafr voxr~ gksdj izsj.kk ysuh pkfg;sA mUgsa ekywe gksuk pkfg, fd ns'k esa yksdra=k] lektoknh] vkfFkZd O;oLFkk] lekurk dk vfèkdkj o ^lkekftd U;k;* lqfuf'pr djus esa MkW- vEcsMdj dh Hkwfedk fdruh egÙoiw.kZ FkhA Ckkcklkgsc tkurs Fks vkSj dgrs Hkh Fks fd mUgksaus tks vkUnksyu [kM+k fd;k og oafprksa ds fy, lerk] vkRe&lEeku] lkekftd] vkfFkZd rFkk jktuhfrd {ks=k esa mfpr Hkkxhnkjh dh yEch yM+kbZ dh 'kq:vkr gSA fu'p; gh] tks dqN ckcklkgsc us oafprksa o misf{krksa ds fy, fd;k og vR;Ur dfBu rFkk viekutud la?k"kZ vkSj vFkd iz;kl ls gh laHko gqvkA ns'k ds uhfr&fuekZrkvksa dks pkfg, Fkk fd ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa vkSj uhfr&funsZ'kd rRoksa }kjk lkekftd&vkfFkZd U;k; dk tks ladYi lafoèkku esa latks;k x;k gS mldks iwjk djus ds fy, ifjorZu o izxfr dk ,d foLr`r [kkdk rS;kj fd;k tkrk] mldks dk;kZfUor djus dk jkLrk lq>k;k tkrk] O;oLFkk esa tks ifjorZu okafNr Fks mUgsa fu:fir fd;s tkrs fd] dkSu lh e'khujh] O;fDr vkSj 'kklu&ra=k bls dk;kZfUor djus ds fy, pkfg,A vktknh ds ckn xjhc oafpr yksxksa dh rjDdh dk tks jkLrk [kqyk mlls muds cPps Hkh 'kgjksa o vPNs LFkkuksa esa fn[kkbZ nsus yxsA oafpr vius vkRe&lEeku dh ekax djus yxs o mudh vkfFkZd fLFkfr Hkh cnyus yxhA bl ifjorZu ls ;FkkfLFkfroknh] 'kks"k.koknh rkdrsa pkSad x;h vkSj mUgksaus lerk] Lora=krk] cUèkqrk vkSj U;k; ds fl¼kUr dh O;kogkfjdrk dks gh pqukSrh ns Mkyh vkSj mUgsa ifjofrZr o lekIr djus dh eqfge NsM+ nhA lÙkk esa vklhu vkSj jktlÙkk dh N=kNk;k esa iksf"kr gks jgs vusd cqf¼thfo;ksa o O;fDr;ksa us bu fl¼kUrksa dks lhèks rks pqukSrh ugha nh] ysfdu mudh vksj è;ku nsuk gh cUn dj fn;kA fufgr LokFkZ okyh 'kfDr;ksa us O;fDrokn] miHkksDrkokn] tkfrokn] Hkz"Vkpkj o LokFkZ dks bruk c<+kok fn;k fd yksx u;s Hkkjr ds fuekZ.k dh uhao cuus okys fl¼kUrksa dks gh Hkwy x;sA mnkjhdj.k] oS'ohdj.k vkSj futhdj.k dh vkaèkh pyh rks uo&lkezkT;okn vkSj iawthokn ds ncko esa] fdUrq bl ns'k ds xjhcksa dks cjkcjh dk gd fnykus okys buds rFkkdfFkr 'kqHkfpUrdksa us uk rks bl vkaèkh dks jksdus dh dksf'k'k dh vkSj uk gh mlls cpko ds fy, etcwr pkjnhokjh rS;kj dh ftlls xjhc oafpr vkSj misf{kr ml vkaèkh esa [kM+k jgrk vkSj vkxs c<+rkA ubZ oafpr ih<+h ds fy, rks ckcklkgsc ,d lPps vuqdj.kh; vkn'kZ gSaA mudh gh tSlh] xjhch] frjLdkj] lafo/kufon~ o dfBukbZ;ksa esa iys ckcklkgsc vla[; d"V lgdj fdl rjg fo'o ds egkure~ fo}ku] lekt&lqèkkjd] jktusrk] fpUrd o Økafrdkjh cusA mlls izsj.kk ysdj gj oafpr vius iSjksa ij [kM+k gksus dk iz;kl dj ldrk gSA vius thou ds vkn'kZ vkSj ewY; <aw<+ ldrk gS] vkSj mUgsa ikus dk iz;Ru dj ldrk gSA mlds fy, vko';d gS fd ckcklkgsc }kjk jfpr ewy lkfgR; dk xgjkbZ ls è;ku o fUk"BkiwoZd vè;;u fd;k tk,A izfr"Bku ds egRokdka{kh izkstsDV (lh-MCY;w-ch-,) dysDVsM oDZl vkWiQ ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj ds ekè;e ls MkW- vEcsMdj izfr"Bku ckcklkgsc ds fopkjksa dks fgUnh lfgr fofHkUu {ks=kh; Hkk"kkvksa esa Hkh izdkf'kr dj tu&tu rd igaqpkus ds dk;Z esa yxk gqvk gSA ckcklkgsc dh 123oha t;Urh ds volj ij ^MkW- vEcsMdj izfr"Bku* o ^lkekftd U;k; lans'k* dh vksj ls lHkh ikBdksa dks gkfnZd 'kqHkdkeuk,¡A
lkekftd U;k; lans'k
(lqèkhj fgylk;u) 3
vizSy 2014
iqLrd va'k% ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj lEiw.kZ okÄ~e; [kaM&5
xksyest lEesyu esa MkW- vEcsMdj iw.kZ vfèkos'ku
pkSFkh cSBd&9 tuojh] 1931 en la[;k 2
ykWMZ tSVySaM% th ughaA vki LFkkuh; ljdkj dk {ks=kkfèkdkj okil ugha ys ldrs] D;ksafd LFkkuh; ljdkj dks loZlEefr ls vius vfèkdkjksa esa loksZifj gksuk pkfg,] ysfdu ;g fuèkkZfjr fd;k tk ldrk gS fd blh ifjikVh dks viukuk okaNuh; gSA egksn;! blesa og lc vk x;k] tks eSa mi&lfefr osQ le{k izLrqr djuk pkgrk gw¡A eq[; eqík ;g lqfuf'pr djuk gS fd iqfyl vfèkfu;e] 1861 }kjk egkfujh{kd esa tks 'kfDr;ka fufgr Fkha] mUgsa cuk, j[kk tk, vkSj eSa blosQ lkFk gh vU; dbZ lq>ko is'k djuk pkgrk gwa] tSls fdlh izkar esa iqfyl ifj"kn~ dk xBu] ftl ij mi&lfefr fopkj djsA MkW- vEcsMdj% ;fn vki eq>s vuqefr nsa] rks eSa viuh tkudkjh ds fy, ,d iz'u iwNuk pkgrk gwaA D;k ukscy ekjfDol ;g pkgrs gSa fd egkfujh{kd ds in dks lafofèk }kjk ekU;rk iznku dh tk, ;k os pkgrs gSa fd iqfyl vfèkfu;e ds vèkhu tks in gSa] mlh dks tkjh jgus fn;k tk,\ D;k os mUgsa lafofèk }kjk ,sls vfèkdkfj;ksa ds :i esa ekU;rk fnykuk pkgrs gSa] ftuosQ oqQN lkafofèkd vfèkdkj vkSj nkf;Ro gksa\ ykWMZ tSVySaM% th gkaA ekuuh; ih-lh- feÙkj% laln dh lafofèk }kjk\ ykWMZ tSVySaM% th gka] oghA egkfujh{kd ds ikl vc Hkh os 'kfDr;ka vizSy 2014
lafof/] vFkkZr~ iqfyl vfèkfu;e osQ vuqlkj gh nh xbZ gSaA MkW- vEcsMdj% ;g iqfyl vfèkfu;e ls fHkUu gS vkSj okLro esa blesa LFkkuh; foèkku&eaMy }kjk la'kksèku fd, tkus dh 'krZ Hkh gSA iz'u ;g gS fd D;k vki pkgrs gSa fd egkfujh{kd dk in ,d ,sls vfèkdkjh dk in eku fy;k tk,] tks oqQN drZO;ksa dk fuokZg djrk gS vkSj ,d vfèkdkjh dh gSfl;r ls mlosQ ekeys esa ea=kh ;k LFkkuh; ljdkj dksbZ gLr{ksi ugha dj ldrh\ ykWMZ tSVySaM% ;g rks mldk izHkko gSA ;g esjk izLrko gSA esjk fopkj gS fd egkfujh{kd esa bl le; tks 'kfDr;ka fufgr gSa] mUgsa dk;e jgus fn;k tk,A ekuuh; dkol th tgkaxhj fdl izkfèkdkj ls iqfyl vfèkfu;e }kjk ;k Hkkjr ljdkj vfèkfu;e }kjk\ ekuuh; lh- lhryokM% iqfyl vfèkfu;e osQ izkoèkkuksa dks cnyus dk vfèkdkj LFkkuh; foèkku&eaMy ;k fdlh Hkh foèkku&eaMy dks ugha gksuk pkfg,A ykWMZ tSVySaM% th gkaA eSa le>rk gwa] ;g la?kh; ljdkj dk vfèkfu;e gksuk pkfg,A Jh tiQ#Yyk [kka% ,slk rks iqfyl vfèkfu;e dks ,d vfèkfu;e osQ :i esa j[kdj gh fd;k tk ldrk gS] ftls dksbZ izkarh; ljdkj egkfujh{kd dh lgefr ds fcuk u fujLr dj ldrh gS] u cny 4
ldrh gS] vkSj u gh ifj'kksfèkr dj ldrh gSA MkW- vEcsMdj% ;gh fLFkfr rks vkt Hkh gS] D;ksafd vfèkfu;e esa osaQæ ljdkj dh iwoZ LohÑfr osQ fcuk la'kksèku ugha fd;k tk ldrkA Jh tiQ#Yyk [kka% ;fn eq>s ek=k bruk tksM+us dh vuqefr gks] 'kk;n bl lfefr osQ lHkh lnL; bl ckr ls voxr ugha gSa fd la?kh; lajpuk mi&lfefr vkSj la;qDr mi&lfefr us] ftls mi&lfefr la- 1 vkSj 2 us LFkkfir fd;k Fkk] egRoghu fo"k;ksa ij vusd vfèkfu;eksa dks èkkjk 80(3)(t) osQ vèkhu ml lwph esa j[kus dk lq>ko fn;k Fkk vkSj ;fn ge iqfyl vfèkfu;e dks ml lwph esa LFkku ns nsa] rks mlls fdlh Hkh izdkj osQ fl¼karksa dk mYya?ku ugha gksxkA lkekftd U;k; lans'k
MkW- vEcsMdj% eSa Jh tiQ#Yyk [kka ls lkekU;r% lger gw¡A iqfyl vfèkfu;e dks vuqlwph esa vkt rd LFkku u nsus dk dkj.k ;g gS fd ;g fo"k; vkjf{kr fo"k; gS] blfy, rF; rks ;g gS fd Hkkjr ljdkj dk fofèk vkSj O;oLFkk ij iwjk fu;a=k.k gS vkSj tc fofèk vkSj O;oLFkk ds gLrkarj.k dh fLFkfr mRiUu gksrh gS] rks oLrqfLFkfr fcYoqQy fHkUu gks tkrh gSA eSa le>rk gw¡ fd bl ckr ij fopkj djuk vko';d gS fd ge pkgs laozQe.k dky osQ fy, gh lgh] oqQN laj{k.kksa dh vko';drk ij fopkj djsa] pkgs os mu j{kksik;ksa dks tkjh j[kus osQ fy, gh gksa] tks bl le; ekStwn gSaA eSa O;fDrxr :i ls bl lq>ko osQ i{k esa gwa fd bl iqfyl vfèkfu;e dks vuqlwph esa 'kkfey dj fy;k tk,] ftlosQ fy, vkt xouZj tujy ;k Hkkjr ljdkj dh iwoZ Loho`Qfr vko';d gSA ,d vkSj eqík ftldh vksj vkidk è;ku vkdf"kZr djuk pkgrk gwa] og iqfyl vkSj fofèk vkSj O;oLFkk foHkkx osQ iz'u ls lacafèkr gSA ;gh eqík eSaus izkarh; lafoèkku mi&lfefr esa Hkh mBk;k FkkA tkfgj gS] bl iz'u ij Hkkoh izkarh; ljdkjksa dk nkf;Ro osQ n`f"Vdks.k ls Hkh fopkj fd;k x;k gSA eq>s yxrk gS fd bl iz'u ij izkarksa esa jgus okys fofHkUu vYila[;d leqnk;ksa vkSj ,slh vkikr fLFkfr;ksa dh n`f"V ls Hkh fopkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,] tks lkaiznkf;d naxksa vkSj ,slh gh vU; vkikr fLFkfr;ksa esa mRiUu gksrh gSA eSa le>rk gw¡ fd fofHkUu izkarksa esa jgus okys vYila[;dksa osQ fy, ;g tkuuk fd tc lkaiznkf;d naxs HkM+d mBs gSa] rks fdl leqnk; dk dkSu vfèkdkjh ml bykosQ esa dkuwu vkSj O;oLFkk dk;e djsxk] okLro esa ,d egRoiw.kZ laj{k.k gksxkA ge lHkh tkurs gSa fd iqfyl vfèkdkfj;ksa ij i{kikr vkSj ,d ;k nwljs laiznk; osQ izfr lgkuqHkwfr n'kkZus dk vkjksi yxk;k tkrk gSA bl lkekftd U;k; lans'k
izdkj osQ vkjksi dk i;kZIr vkSfpR; rks ugha gS] ysfdu blosQ ckotwn ,slh ?kVuk,a Hkh gks ldrh gSa] ftuesa oqQN fo'ks"k bykdksa esa mu vfèkdkfj;ksa ds i{kikr dk vkSfpR; fl¼ fd;k tk ldrk gSA esjk [;ky gS fd vYila[;dksa dh lqj{kk ds fgr esa ;g cgqr vko';d gS fd iqfyl vfèkdkfj;ksa dh rSukrh vkSj rcknys de ls de vkikr fLFkfr osQ nkSjku eaf=k;ksa osQ gkFk esa ugha gksus pkfg,A ;g laHko gS fd dksbZ ea=kh ftlosQ laiznk; dk ml izkar esa cgqer gS fdlh Hkh volj fo'ks"k ij fdlh iqfyl vfèkdkjh dks ml LFkku ls gVk ns] tks 'kk;n ml laiznk; ds yksxksa dk i{k ugha ys] ftldk og ea=kh gSA Jh tiQ#Yyk [kka% lkèkkj.kr% rks ;g dke egkfujh{kd djrs gSaA MkW- vEcsMdj% eSa tkurk gw¡ fd cacbZ izslhMsalh esa iqfyl vfèkdkfj;ksa osQ LFkkukarj.k dks ysdj Hkkjh gks&gYyk epk FkkA irk ugha ,slk iqfyl fujh{kd us djok;k Fkk ;k izHkkjh vfèkdkjh us] ysfdu eSa le>rk gw¡ fd ;g ,d cgqr cM+k laj{k.k gS] ftlosQ fy, Hkkoh Hkkjr ds lafoèkku esa izkoèkku djuk vko';d gSA bl lacaèk esa esjk fof'k"V izLrko ;g gS fd vkikr fLFkfr esa tc Hkh dksbZ naxk&iQlkn ;k lkaiznkf;d minzo mB [kM+k gks] rks fofHkUu bykdksa esa iqfyl dh dkjZokbZ esa ea=kh osQ LFkku ij xouZj dks iz'kklfud 'kfDr;ka nh tkuh pkfg,A ikapoh cSBd&12 tuojh] 1931 vè;{k% MkW- vEcsMdj] Jh tiQ#Yyk [kka vkSj ljnkj laiwju flag dks ;g ilan ugha gS fd Hkkjrh; flfoy lsok esa ;wjksih; ewy ds vykok vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lrj ij vkxs fdlh izdkj dh HkrhZ dh tk,A oqQN lnL;ksa dh ;g Hkh jk; gS fd U;kf;d inksa osQ fy, HkrhZ vkxs ls Hkkjrh; flfoy lsok esa ls ugha dh tk,A MkW- vEcsMdj% egksn;! Hkkjrh; iqfyl lsok esa HkhA 5
vè;{k% rks D;k vki mls ;ksa j[kuk pkgrs gSa] ^Hkkjrh; flfoy lsok vkSj Hkkjrh; iqfyl lsok esa*\ MkW- vEcsMdj% th gk¡A vè;{k% D;k ;gh er Jh tiQ#Yyk [kka dk Hkh gS\ Jh tiQ#Yyk [kka% th gk¡A vè;{k% vkSj ljnkj laiwju flag dk Hkh\ ljnkj laiwju flag% fcYoqQyA vè;{k% esjk vfHkizk; osQoy vkiosQ er vfHkfyf[kr djuk gSA blfy, eSa ;g 'kCn j[k nsrk gw¡ ^vkSj Hkkjrh; iqfyl lsok osQ fy,*A NBh cSBd&13 tuojh] 1931 MkW- vEcsMdj% eSa mi&iSjkxzkiQ (4) osQ ckn bl vk'k; ds ,d u, iSjkxzkiQ dk lekos'k djuk pkgrk gwa% ^mi&lfefr pkgrh gS fd yksd lsok esa nfyr oxks± dks jkstxkj fnykus ds ekeys esa mnkj uhfr viukbZ tk, vkSj ;g fo'ks"k :i ls fliQkfj'k djrh gS fd iqfyl vkSj lsuk dh HkrhZ] ftlls mUgsa bl le; vyx j[kk x;k gS] vc muosQ fy, [kksy nh tk,A* Jh fparkef.k% mudks fu;er% vyx j[kk x;k gS ;k osQoy O;ogkj esa ,slk gksrk vk;k gS\ MkW- vEcsMdj% fu;e ds }kjk iqfyl lsok vk;ksx esa ;g Li"V :i ls fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd nfyr oxZ vik=k gSA Jh fparkef.k% ;fn oqQN fof'k"V foHkkxksa] tSls iqfyl vkSj lsuk] ls nfyr oxks± dks vyx j[ks tkus lacaèkh fu;e gSa Hkh rks os ,sls fu;e ugha gksaxs] tks leLr ns'k ij ykxw gksrs gksaA bl izdkj osQ oqQN fu;e oqQN izkarksa esa gksaxs] lcesa ughaA MkW- vEcsMdj% ;fn ,slk okaNuh; gks] rks eSa vius izLrko dk vafre va'k bl izdkj j[kuk pkgwaxk ^vkSj fo'ks"k :i ls fliQkfj'k djrh gS fd mUgsa (nfyr oxks± dks) blosQ ckn mudh vLi`';rk osQ vizSy 2014
dkj.k yksd lsok ds fdlh Hkh foHkkx ls ckgj ugha j[kuk pkfg,*A jktk ujsUæ ukFk % fcYoqQy] ;g ckr [kaM (5) (d) esa vkrh gSA ekuuh; dkol th tgkaxhj oLrqfLFkfr ;g gS fd bl leqnk; dks blfy, vyx dj fn;k x;k gS fd mUgsa jkstxkj nsuk vO;kogkfjd gSA bldh riQlhy esa bl le; tkus ls dksbZ ykHk ughaA ;fn gekjs ikl nfyr oxks± ds fy, vyx ls dksbZ vuqHkkx gksrk] rc Hkh ,sls oxks± ds lnL;ksa osQ fy, ;g ijs'kkuh gksrh fd mUgsa mu yksxksa ds chp flikgh dk dke djuk iM+rk] rks muls larq"V ugha jgrsA ;g ckr Li"V ugha gS fd bl Hkkjh vlqfoèkk dks fdl rjg nwj fd;k tk,\ eSa bl ij dksbZ jk; ugha ns ldrkA tks oqQN gqvk gS] og cgqr gh vfuPNk ls fd;k x;k gS] ftls eSa le>rk gwa fd MkW vEcsMdj Lohdkj djsaxsA ysfdu eq>s ;g lc oqQN dgus esa Hkh dksbZ vkifÙk ugha fn[kkbZ nsrh] tks MkW- vEcsMdj gels djokuk pkgrs gSa] gkykafd og usd Hkko ek=k gh gksxkA esjk [;ky gS fd geus ;gh jk; lSdM+ksa ckj O;Dr dh gS vkSj mudk ifj.kke 'kwU; jgk gSA MkW- vEcsMdj vPNh rjg tkurs gSa fd fdl izdkj osQ vkns'k ikfjr fd, x, gSa vkSj fdl izdkj os vO;ogk;Z fl¼ gq, gSaA blosQ ckotwn eSa ml iSjkxzkiQ osQ lekos'k dk leFkZu djrk gw¡] ftldk mUgksaus izLrko fd;k gSA ge ;g tksf[ke mBk jgs gSa vkSj ;g tkurs gSa fd laHko gS ;g O;kogkfjd izLrko fl¼ u gksA ysfdu tSlk vkius igys dHkh dgk gS] ;fn ge fdlh vkn'kZ dh vksj mUeq[k gksa] rks ;g ges'kk laHko ugha fd og roZQiw.kZ Hkh gksA MkW- vEcsMdj % eq>s fo'ks"k :i ls bl ckr dh fpark gS fd iqfyl vkSj lsuk dk mYys[k fd;k tkuk pkfg,] D;ksafd ;gh os foHkkx gSa] ftuosQ fy, nfyr oxks± osQ lnL; lcls vfèkd mi;qDr gksaxsA vizSy 2014
vè;{k % ;g ckr iSjkxzkiQ (5) (d) vkSj ([k) esa vk xbZ gSA MkW- vEcsMdj % ml rjg rks ,aXyks&bafM;u leqnk; dk iz'u Hkh mlh esa 'kkfey gks x;kA eSa [kaM (4) ds ckn ,d u, [kaM dk izLrko j[kuk pkgrk gwaA ^mi&lfefr dh bPNk gS fd yksd lsokvksa esa nfyr oxks± osQ fu;kstu ds ekeys esa mnkj uhfr viukbZ tk, vkSj fo'ks"k :i ls ;g fliQkfj'k djrh gS fd iqfyl vkSj lsok foHkkxksa esa HkrhZ] ftlls vc rd os ckgj j[ks x, gSa] muosQ fy, [kksy nh tk,*A jktk ujsUæ ukFk % eSa ,d lq>ko nsuk pkgrk gwa vkSj og ;g gS fd ge mlesa ;g tksM+ nsa ^fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks ns'k dh fdlh Hkh lsok esa izos'k osQ fy, /eZ] tkfr ;k fyax osQ vkèkkj ij u rks v;ksX; le>k tk,xk vkSj u gh mlosQ lkFk fdlh izdkj dk HksnHkko cjrk tk,xkA* eSa ,d fo'ks"k fliQkfj'k osQ :i esa bldk lekos'k pkgrk gw¡A MkW- vEcsMdj % bl ij ckn esa ppkZ gksxhA Jh clq % eq>s MkW- vEcsMdj ls lgkuqHkwfr gS fd og pkgrs gSa fd os v;ksX;rk,a lekIr dj nh tk,a] ftuls muosQ leqnk; dks {kfr igqaprh gS vkSj ;fn fdlh izkar esa iz'kklfud fu;eksa osQ varxZr fdlh izdkj dh v;ksX;rk fuèkkZfjr dj nh xbZ gS] rks og rRdky lekIr dj nh tk,A ysfdu mUgksaus ftl rjg ;g izLrqr fd;k gS] blls ckr cgqr lkekU; gks xbZ gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy, esjs izkar esa vusd inksa ij nfyr oxks± osQ lnL; gh cSBs gq, gSaA ;g dksbZ ,slk ekeyk ugha gS] ftldk esjs izkar ls xgjk lacaèk gksA MkW- vEcsMdj % eSa oqQN lhek lacaèkh 'kCn 'kkfey djus ds fy, rS;kj gw¡ tSls] ^tgka mUgsa bl le; ckgj j[kk x;k gS*A jktk ujsUæ ukFk % ,slk dksbZ fu;e ugha 6
gS] tks mUgsa iqfyl esa jkstxkj nsus ls oafpr djsA ysfdu O;ogkj esa mUgsa jkstxkj ugha fn;k tkrkA ,d ckj ifj"kn ds ,d lnL; us ;gh iz'u mBk;k Fkk vkSj ljdkj ls iwNk Fkk fd bu yksxksa dks iqfyl esa D;ksa HkrhZ ugha fd;k tkrk vkSj D;k ;g ifjikVh Hkkjr ljdkj vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 96 dk mYya?ku ugha gS\ mldk tks mÙkj fn;k x;k] og larks"ktud ugha FkkA esjk [;ky gS fd ftu 'kCnksa dk eSaus lq>ko fn;k gS ;fn mUgsa tksM+ fn;k tk,] rks oqQN ykHk gks ldrk gSA lkFk gh lkekU; bPNk vkSj lkekU; fliQkfj'k Hkh ykHkdj fl¼ gksxhA ysfdu eSa vkidks ;g Hkh crk nwa fd lkekU; Hkkouk dh vfHkO;fDr mruh dkjxj ugha gksxh] ftruh fd esjs }kjk lq>k, x, 'kCnksa osQ lekos'k ls gksxhA estj LVSuys % lSfud lsok dk lqLi"V mYys[k fu'p; gh bl lfefr osQ fo"k;&{ks=k ls ckgj gSA Jh eksnh % geus fliQkfj'k dh gS fd lsuk dh vko';drkvksa dks è;ku esa j[kk tk,A vè;{k % esjk [;ky gS fd ;fn vki ;g dgsa] rks bls oqQN de fooknkLin cuk;k tk ldrk gS ^vkSj fo'ks"k :i ls fliQkfj'k djrs gSa fd lHkh lsokvksa esa muosQ fy, HkrhZ [kksy nh tk,*A Jh eksnh % th gka] ftlls mUgsa vc rd oafpr j[kk tkrk jgk gSA vè;{k % eSa ;g ugha dgwaxk] D;ksafd blls fookn mRiUu gks tk,xkA vki ;gh dguk pkgrs gSa fd lHkh lsokvksa esa HkrhZ osQ }kj muosQ fy, [kksy fn, tk,aA ySfÝV- duZy fxMus % mudks ,sls jkstxkj ds fy, fdlh izdkj ls ;ksX; ugha ekuk tk,xkA vè;{k % D;k eSa ;g ckr dg ldrk gwa fd ;fn ge pkgrs gSa fd ;g fjiksVZ lcdh le> esa vk tk,] rks blesa ,sls nks iSjkxzkiQ dk j[kuk ftuesa Bhd ogh ckr dgh xbZ gks] oqQN vuqi;qDr izrhr gksrk lkekftd U;k; lans'k
gS] blfy, eSa MkW- vEcsMdj dks ;g lq>ko nsuk pkgrk gw¡ fd ;fn ge ;gh 'kCn pkgrs gSa] rks csgrj gks fd [kaM 5 ds ckn vk,aA gesa viuh lkekU; fliQkfj'ksa [kaM 5 esa j[kuh pkfg, vksj mlosQ ckn esjk lq>ko gS fd [kaM 5 osQ var esa ge ,d iSjkxzkiQ tksM+ nsa] ftlesa ^;g fliQkfj'k djrs gq,* Li"V fd;k x;k vFkkZr~] mi&lfefr dk laosQr fo'ks"k :i ls [kaM 5 esa nh xbZ fliQkfj'k nfyr oxks± ls gSaA MkW- vEcsMdj % cgqr vPNkA vè;{k % ;fn vkidks vkifÙk u gks rks ge [kaM 5 ij igys ppkZ dj ysa vkSj fiQj ns[ksa fd ml vk'k; ds fdlh [kaM dks tksM+us dh vko';drk gS ;k ughaA D;k fdlh dks [kaM 5 ds izk:i ij dksbZ fVIi.kh djuh gS\ jktk ujsUæ ukFk % bl ckjs esa eSa dg pqdk gwaA eSaus ;g lq>ko fn;k Fkk fd ^v;ksX;rk* ds ckn vkidks ;g tksM+ nsuk pkfg, & ^u gh mlosQ lkFk fdlh izdkj dk i{kikr fd;k tk,xk*A vè;{k % eSa ppkZ osQ fy, bls ckn esa is'k d:axkA ge bl fo"k; ij ckn esa ppkZ djsaxsA MkW- vEcsMdj dk lq>ko gS lkekftd U;k; lans'k
fd [kaM 5 ikfjr djus ds ckn ge ;s 'kCn tksM+ nsa] ^mi&lfefr us ;g fliQkfj'k djrs le; nfyr oxks± dh leL;k dk fo'ks"k :i ls è;ku j[kk gSA bldh bPNk gS fd yksd lsokvksa esa nfyr oxks± ds jkstxkj ds ekeys esa mnkj uhfr viukbZ tk, vkSj fo'ks"k :i ls ;g fliQkfj'k djrh gS fd muosQ fy, lHkh lsokvksa esa] ftlesa iqfyl lsok Hkh 'kkfey gS HkrhZ osQ fy,] njokts [kksy fn, tk,aA* ;g la'kksèku MkW- vEcsMdj us izLrkfor fd;k gS] ftls [kaM 5 ds var esa lekfo"V fd;k tkuk gSA tks blosQ i{k esa gks vkSj tks foi{k esa gksa] os o`Qi;k lwfpr djsa_ la'kksèku ikfjr gqvkA
iw.kZ vfèkos'ku (lkekU; iqujkoyksdu) vkBoha cSBd&19 tuojh] 1931
Hkkoh lafoèkku esa nfyr oxks± osQ laj{k.kksa osQ fy, lqLi"V vkSj Bksl izkoèkkuksa dh ekax MkW- vEcsMdj % izèkkuea=kh egksn;! xksyest lEesyu dks ,sls nks lcls vfèkd egRo ds iz'uksa ls tw>uk iM+k gS] tks 7
fu'p; gh fdlh Hkh leqnk; osQ jktuhfrd thou dks laxfBr djus ds fdlh Hkh iz;kl esa fu'p; gh mHkjrs gSaA mÙkjnk;h ljdkj dh leL;k muesa ls ,d Fkh vkSj nwljh Fkh izfrfufèk ljdkj dhA izkarksa esa mÙkjnk;h ljdkj ds iz'u ij eq>s cgqr FkksM+k gh dguk gSA eSa lfefr dh fjiksVZ dks Lohdkj djrk gw¡ vkSj ftu eqíksa ij esjk erHksn gS] mudks NksM+dj eSa mldk leFkZu djrk gwaA ysfdu tgka rd osaQæ esa mÙkjnk;h ljdkj dk iz'u gS] eSa ekurk gwa fd esjk er fHkUu gSA ;g dguk csbZekuh gksxh fd la?kh; lajpuk ftlls fd ge vkt ifjfpr gSa] mi&lfefr dh fjiksVZ esa ljdkj ds ukSdj'kkg Lo:i esa] fdlh izdkj osQ ifjorZu ij fopkj ugha fd;k x;k gSA ysfdu esjs fy, vkils viuh ;g jk; fNikuk Hkh mruh gh csbZekuh gksxh fd ;g ifjorZu fn[kkus ek=k dk gS] lkjiw.kZ ugha gS vkSj ftls mÙkjnk;h dgk x;k gS] ;g feF;k gS] okLrfod ughaA ykWMZ pkalyj us gesa crk;k Fkk fd mUgksaus chtkjksi.k dj fn;k gSA vc bl ikSèks dh ns[kHkky djuk gekjk dke gSA vizSy 2014
egksn;] ge njvly ykWMZ pkalyj osQ cgqr vkHkkjh gSa] ftUgksaus bl egÙoiw.kZ lEesyu esa izeq[k Hkwfedk dk fuokZg fd;k gSA eSa mudk vkHkkjh gwaA ysfdu eq>s ;g mEehn ugha gS fd mUgksaus tks ikSèkk yxk;k gS] og c<+sxk HkhA esjk [;ky gS fd mUgksaus ftl cht dk pquko fd;k gS] mldk nkuk iQyghu gS vkSj ftl feêðh esa mUgksaus mls cks;k gS] og mlosQ c<+us osQ fy, vuqowQy ugha gSA eSaus ykWMZ pkalyj dks ,d oDrO;· izLrqr fd;k Fkk] ftlesa la?kh; Hkkjr ds Hkkoh lafoèkku ds ckjs esa esjs er 'kkfey FksA eq>s ugha ekywe fd ftl lfefr dh mUgksaus vè;{krk dh Fkh] mlus mu ij fopkj Hkh fd;k Fkk ;k ughaA D;ksafd eq>s lfefr dh fjiksVZ ftlosQ os vè;{k Fks] bldk dksbZ gokyk ugha feykA esjs vkt Hkh ogh fopkj gSa] tks mlesa O;Dr fd, x, Fks vkSj eSa ,sls lafoèkku dks viuk leFkZu ugha ns ldrk] tks esjs mu fopkjksa ls bruk vfèkd fHkUu gSA cfYd ;fn eq>s orZeku iz.kkyh vkSj lfefr tU; bl ladj iz.kkyh esa ls p;u djus dks dgk tk,] rks eSa orZeku iz.kkyh dks gh rjthg nwaxkA ysfdu egksn;! ;fn lfefr dh fjiksVZ esa lekfo"V osaQæ ljdkj ls ekuuh; rst cgknqj liwz] tks bl lEesyu ds fe=k] vizSy 2014
ekxZn'kZd vkSj fopkjd jgs gSa] larq"V gSa] ;fn blls Jh t;dj] tks Lo;a dks Hkkjr ds ;qokvksa dk izfrfufèk ?kksf"kr djrs gSa vkSj ;fn blls ekuuh; ,-ih- ik=ks izlUu gSa] tks Hkkjr ds xSj&czkã.kksa ds izfrfufèk gSa] rks fiQj esjs fy, bldk fojksèk djuk fujFkZd gSA blfy, esjk n`f"Vdks.k ml O;fDr tSlk gS] tks fdlh ckr dk vuqeksnu Hkh ugha djrk vkSj u gh mlesa ckèkk Mkyrk gS] eSa bls mu ij NksM+rk gwa] tks liQyrk dh dkeuk djrs gSaA ,slk joS;k eq>s T;knk ilan gS] D;ksafd esjs ikl ljdkj ds Lo:i ds ckjs esa mu yksxksa dk dksbZ vkns'k ugha gS] ftudk eSa izfrfufèk gwaA ysfdu esjs ikl ,d vkns'k gS vkSj og ;g fd mÙkjnk;h ljdkj dk fojksèk u djrs gq, Hkh bl ckr dk è;ku j[kuk fd dksbZ Hkh mÙkjnk;h ljdkj rc rd LFkkfir u gks ik,] tc rd fd og lPps vFkZ esa izfrfufèk ljdkj u gksA tc eSa lEesyu dh miyfCèk ij ;g tkuus ds fy, utj Mkyrk gw¡ fd mlus izfrfufèk ljdkj osQ iz'u dk lekèkku fdl izdkj fd;k gS] rks eq>s ?kksj fujk'kk gksrh gSA erkfèkdkj vkSj foèkku&eaMyksa esa fofHkUu oxks± dk izfrfufèkRo ,slh nks ckrsa gSa] ftu ij lPps vFkZ esa izfrfufèk ljdkj vkèkkfjr gksrh gSA gj O;fDr ;g tkurk gS fd 8
usg: lfefr us o;Ld erkfèkdkj dks ekuk Fkk vkSj lafoèkku ds ftl Hkkx dk mUgksaus fuekZ.k fd;k Fkk] mls Hkkjr ds lHkh jktuhfrd nyksa us leFkZu fn;k FkkA tc eSa bl lEesyu esa vk;k rks eSaus lkspk Fkk fd tgka rd erkfèkdkj ds iz'u dk lacaèk gS] yM+kbZ thrh tk pqdh gSA ysfdu erkfèkdkj lfefr esa igqapdj esjh vka[ksa [kqy xb±A eq>s ;g ns[kdj vR;fèkd vk'p;Z gqvk fd mu lHkh yksxksa us ftUgksaus usg: fjiksVZ ij gLrk{kj fd, Fks] osQ eu esa oqQN vkSj gh FkkA ;gka rd fd Hkkjrh; mnkjokfn;ksa dks Hkh izkarh; foèkku&eaMyksa esa tula[;k osQ 25 izfr'kr~ yksxksa dks erkfèkdkj fnykus ds fy, lger gksus ds fy, rS;kj djuk Hkh eqf'dy gks x;kA blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd dsUnzh; foèkku&eaMy osQ fy, erkfèkdkj dh ;ksX;rk D;k gS\ dksbZ ugha tkurkA ysfdu eq>s ;g mEehn fcYoqQy ugha gS fd og ,slk gksxk] ftlls fd izkarh; foèkku&eaMyksa dh rqyuk esa dsUnzh; foèkku&eaMy turk dk vfèkd izfrfufèkRo dj losQxkA ;fn erkfèkdkj bruk lhfer gksxk] rks mldk ,dek=k ifj.kke ;gh gks ldrk gS fd Hkkjr dh Hkkoh ljdkj oxks± }kjk lapkfyr turk dh ljdkj cu tk,xhA tgka rd lhVksa ds cgqla[;d vkSj fofHkUu vYila[;d leqnk;ksa ds chp forj.k dk iz'u gS] ge lHkh ;g tkurs gSa fd bl ij xfrjksèk gSA esjh jk; esa ;g xfrjksèk vfèkdka'kr% vrhr dh 'kjkjr dk urhtk gSA eq>s fo'okl gS fd ;fn Hkkjr esa izkfèkdkfj;ksa us ^lcosQ fy, U;k;] fdlh osQ fy, i{kikr ugha*] dk fl¼kar viuk;k gksrk] rks leL;k dk lekèkku bruk dfBu ugha cu tkrkA fczfV'k ljdkj us fofHkUu leqnk;ksa osQ fy, muls izkIr jktuhfrd ykHk ds vuqlkj fHkUu&fHkUu ekU;rk,a fuèkkZfjr dha vkSj vusd leqnk;ksa dks jktuhfrd 'kfDr dk vlkèkkj.k va'k nsdj nfyr oxks± dks muds ns; va'k ls lkekftd U;k; lans'k
oafpr fd;kA bl izdkj lcls vfèkd uqdlku nfyr oxks± dks gqvkA eSa ;gh vk'kk djrk jgk fd ;g lEesyu blh fl¼kar dk ikyu djsxk fd ftl elys dks xyr <ax ls r; fd;k tkrk gS] og dHkh r; ugha gks ikrk vkSj izkphu ewY;ksa dk iquewZY;kadu djosQ nfyr oxks± dks mudh lhVksa dk U;k;iw.kZ dksVk feysxkA ysfdu ,slk ugha gqvk gSA vU; vYila[;dksa ds nkoksa dks igys ls gh Lohdkj dj fy;k x;k gS vkSj fuf'pr dj fn;k x;k gSA vc mudh osQoy ;gh vko';drk 'ks"k gS fd ifjorZu vkSj la'kksèku djosQ mUgsa ubZ ljdkj osQ foLr`r <kaps vkSj c<+s gq, dk;Z&{ks=k ds vuq:i cuk fn;k tk,A tks Hkh ifjorZu&la'kksèku gksa] mu cqfu;knksa dks [kksnus dk lkgl dksbZ Hkh ugha dj ldrk] tks igys ls j[k nh xbZ gSaA nfyr oxks± dk ekeyk fcYoqQy fHkUu gSA muosQ nkoksa dh rks vHkh gh lquokbZ gqbZ gSA vHkh rks mudk U;k;&laxr fu.kZ; Hkh ugha gqvk gS vkSj eSa ugha tkurk fd muesa ls fdruksa dks izos'k fn;k tk,xkA esjk [;ky gS fd mudh n;uh; fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, ;g Hkh vlaHko ugha gS fd nfyr oxks± ds izfrfufèkRo osQ fy, ekaxksa dks bl lhek rd ?kVk fn;k tk, fd vU; leqnk;ksa dh vk, fnu c<+rh gqbZ Nhuk&>iVh lekIr dh tk losQ] tks laj{k.k osQ fy, ugha cfYd lÙkk ds fy, tksM+&rksM+ dj jgs gSaA ,slh fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, vko';d gS fd eSa viuk n`f"Vdks.k loZFkk Li"V dj nwaA pwafd Hkkoh lafoèkku esa nfyr oxks± ds D;k vfèkdkj gksaxs] ;g fuf'pr ugha fd;k x;k gS] blfy, egkefge dh ljdkj dh vksj ls osaQæ rFkk izkarksa osQ nkf;Ro osQ lacaèk esa] tks Hkh ?kks"k.kk dh tk,] mlesa ;g ckr Li"V dj nh tkuh pkfg, fd ml fn'kk esa mBk;k x;k dksbZ Hkh dne blh 'krZ ij vkSj mu leqnk;ksa ds chp gq, djkj ds vkèkkj ij mBk;k lkekftd U;k; lans'k
tk,] ftlls nfyr oxks± osQ fgrksa vkSj vfèkdkjksa dh dkjxj lqj{kk lqfuf'pr gks losQA fLFkfr dh xaHkhjrk ij cy nsrs gq,] eSa vkidk è;ku bl ckr dh vksj fnykuk pkgrk gwa fd ;fn bl lacaèk esa fLFkfr iw.kZr% Li"V ugha gks tkrh] rks gesa dksbZ Hkh ?kks"k.kk Lohdk;Z ugha gksxh vkSj ;fn ,slk gqvk] rks eSa vkSj esjs lg;ksxh lEesyu dh vkxs dh dk;Zokgh esa Hkkx ysus dh dksbZ ftEesnkjh ugha ysaxs vkSj blls viuk lacaèk foPNsn djus ij ckè; gksaxsA egksn;! eSa vkils ;g ekax djrs gq, osQoy ;gh vis{kk djrk gwa fd vki vius opu dks dk;Z :i nsaA fczfV'k laln vkSj mlosQ izoDrkvksa us ges'kk ;g nkok fd;k gS fd os nfyr oxks± osQ U;klh gSa vkSj eq>s fo'okl gS fd os tks oqQN dg jgs gSa] og lH;rk ds |ksrd mu ijaijkxr vlR;ksa esa ls ugha gSa] ftudk ge lHkh ekuo lacaèkksa dks ;FkklaHko lq[kn cuk, j[kus ds fy, iz;ksx djrs gSaA blfy, esjh jk; esa izR;sd ljdkj dk dÙkZO; gS fd fo'okl Hkax u gks vkSj izèkkuea=kh egksn;! eq>s ;g dgus dh vuqefr nhft, fd ;fn ,slk djosQ vkius gesa mu yksxksa dh n;k ij NksM+ fn;k] ftUgksaus gekjs dY;k.k esa dksbZ #fp ugha n'kkZ;h gS vkSj ftudh le`f¼ vkSj egkurk gekjs fouk'k vkSj vèkksxfr ij fVdh gqbZ gS] rks nfyr oxZ bls egkefge dh ljdkj }kjk fd;k x;k egku fo'okl?kkr ekusaxsA vius bl dFku ds fy, Hkkjr ds jk"Vªoknh vkSj ns'kHkDr eq>s laiznk;oknhdgsaxsA ysfdu eSa blls ugha MjrkA Hkkjr ,d foy{k.k ns'k gSA mlosQ jk"Vªoknh vkSj ns'kHkDr yksx foy{k.k gSaA Hkkjr esa ns'kHkDr vkSj jk"Vªoknh og ekuk tkrk gS] tks vius caèkqvksa ds lkFk vekuqf"kd O;ogkj gksrk ns[k losQ vksj mldh ekuoh;rk fojksèk esa u [kM+h gksA og tkurk gS fd iq#"k&fL=k;ksa dks vdkj.k 9
gh muds ekuo vfèkdkjksa ls oafpr j[kk tkrk gS] ysfdu mldk ukxfjdrk cksèk mls fdlh mi;ksxh dk;Z ds fy, ugha mdlkrkA og ns[krk gS fd ,d iwjs oxZ osQ fy, yksd fu;kstu ds }kj can gSaA ysfdu ;g ns[kdj Hkh mldk U;k; vkSj bZekunkjh dk cksèk ugha txrkA og ns[krk gS fd ,sls lSdM+ksa fjokt lekt esa izpfyr gSa] tks euq"; vkSj lekt dks {kfr igqapkrs gSa] ysfdu mlesa tqxqIlk dk Hkko mRiUu ugha gksrkA ns'kHkDr dh ,d iqdkj esa tks 'kfDr gS] og mlh ds fy, ugha] oju~ mlosQ leLr oxZ osQ fy, cgqr cM+h 'kfDr gksrh gSA eq>s [kq'kh gS fd eSa ns'kHkDrksa ds ml oxZ dk ugha gw¡A esjk lacaèk rks ml oxZ ls gS] ftldk yksdra=k ds izfr ,d lqLi"V n`f"Vdks.k gS vkSj tks ,dkfèkdkj dks lewy u"V djus ds fy, o`QrladYi gSA gekjk y{; thou ds jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd lHkh {ks=kksa esa ^,d O;fDr] ,d ekU;rk* osQ vkn'kZ dk izfriQy ns[kuk gSA pwafd izfrfufèk ljdkj mlh lkè; dk ,d lkèku gS] blfy, nfyr oxZ mldks cgqr egRo nsrk gS vkSj pwafd gekjs fy, bldk bruk egRo gS] eSaus vkils ;g vkxzg fd;k gS fd vkidh ?kks"k.kk ml fLFkfr esa mfpr gksxh] tc mi;qZDr vkn'kZ izkIr gks tk,A vki dgsaxs fd vkidh nfyr oxks± osQ lkFk iwjh lgkuqHkwfr gSA ysfdu bl ij esjk mÙkj ;g gksxk fd ihfM+r turk ds fy, oqQN vkSj Bksl] oqQN vkSj Li"V vk'oklu pkfg,A gks ldrk gS fd vki esjh ckrksa dh blfy, mis{kk djsa fd buls esjs vuqfpr lansgksa dh xaèk vkrh gSA bldk esjs ikl ;gh tokc gS fd fdlh ckr ds izfr fpafrr gksus ds fy, mis{kk dk ik=k gksuk vR;fèkd vk'oklu ds gkFkksa u"V gks tkus ls dgha csgrj gSA ('ks"k vxys vad esa) vizSy 2014
vkt ds iz'u vkSj ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj vjfoUn dqekj lEcy
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f[k;k lc lalkj gS [kkoS v: lksos] nqf[k;k nkl dchj gS tkxS v: jksoSA1 dchjnkl dh ;g ok.kh dsoy dchjnkl ij gh ugha ykxw gksrh cfYd mu lHkh ls bldk ljksdkj gS tks Hkw[kh] Hk;Hkhr vkSj jksus okyh turk ds lkFk [kM+s gksrs gSa vkSj mudh eqfDr ds fy, txrs gSa rHkh mUgsa txkrs Hkh gSaA ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj mUgha esa ls ,d Fks ftudh iwjh ftUnxh 'kksf"krksa&ihfM+rksa vkSj oafprksa dh yM+kbZ yM+us esa [ki xbZA ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj u dsoy lkekftd&eqfDr dh yM+kbZ yM+ jgs Fks cfYd lp rks ;g gS fd vkèkqfud Hkkjr ds fuekZ.k esa lkekftd&eqfDr ds gfFk;kj ds :i esa bLrseky dj jgs FksA vius ledkyhuksa esa MkW- vEcsMdj vyx <ax ls lksprs FksA muds fy, vktknh dk vFkZ nwljk FkkA ,d iz'u mUgsa lnSo ijs'kku fd;k djrk Fkk fd fdldh vktknh \ ftl ns'k esa 85 iQhlnh turk vHkko] vf'k{kk] Hkw[k vkSj LoIughurk dh fLFkfr esa thus ds fy, vfHk'kIr gks vkSj gekjs ikl mlls eqfDr ds dksbZ Bksl ^ekWMy* u gks] ,sls esa vktknh dk eqgkojk Li"V fd;k tkuk pkfg,] blds fcuk feyh gqbZ vktknh lEiw.kZ Hkkjr dks vktkn ugha djk ik;sxh] ;gh fpUrk Fkh tks mUgsa nq[kh Hkh djrh Fkh vkSj #ykrh Hkh Fkh rFkk os oafpr leqnk; ds vius le; ds dchj gh Fks rHkh rks vius ledky esa fonzksgh psruk ds lw=kèkkj FksA gtkjksa o"kks± ls tks 'kks"k.k dh [kkbZ cuh gqbZ gS] vUrghu flyflyk tkjh gS] oSls vizSy 2014
esa ^leUo;* dh dYiuk csekuh vkSj vU;k;iw.kZ gSA blfy, ckcklkgsc thou i;ZUr tw>rs jgs] la?k"kZ djrs jgs vkSj la?k"kZ djus ds fy, izsfjr djrs jgs] ftlls tuØkafr rks ugha gqbZ fdarq tupsruk fufeZr gqbZA vkSj ;gh tupsruk vc 'kksf"krksa] oafprksa] nfyrksa] ihfM+rksa dks eqfDr ds fy, lEcy iznku dj jgh gSA ckcklkgsc MkWvEcsMdj dk nk;jk cgqr cM+k Fkk vkSj mudh izfrc¼rk cgqr lkiQ FkhA ;g vthc ckr gS fd cM+s&ls&cM+s fpUrd] bfrgkldkj vkSj O;k[;krk dSls ;g le> ugha ik, ;k pwd x,A ftlls ,d ijs'kkuh ;g gqbZ fd vkèkqfud Hkkjr ds fuekZrkvksa dh izFke Js.kh ls ckgj j[ks x, ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdjA ;g bfrgkl dh cM+h Hkwy ekuh tkuh pkfg,A bl lanHkZ esa mÙkj'krh ds foe'kZdkj vkSj vkykspd pkSFkhjke ;kno dh voèkkj.kkvksa ls ifjfpr gksuk vko';d gSA viuh iqLrd ^mÙkj'krh ds foe'kZ vkSj 10
gkf'k, dk lekt* esa pkSFkhjke ;kno MkWvEcsMdj ds ckjs esa fy[krs gSa& ^^MkW- vEcsMdj dsoy nfyrksa ds gh fgrS"kh ugha Fks cfYd mUgksaus fL=k;ksa vkSj vYila[;dksa ds vfèkdkjksa ds fy, vkthou la?k"kZ fd;kA og ekuorkoknh lekt'kkL=kh ,oa vFkZ'kkL=kh Fks vkSj muesa ekuoh; izfrc¼rk FkhA**2 blls irk pyrk gS fd MkW- vEcsMdj ds la?k"kZ dk nk;jk fdruk cM+k FkkA dguk u gksxk fd ckcklkgsc ds ledkyhuksa esa bruk cM+k nk;jk fdlh vU; usrk vkSj fpUrd dk ugha FkkA ;w¡ rks dgus ds fy, cM+h&cM+h ckrsa dgh tk ldrh gSa fdarq tc muds Hkhrj ds lp dks tkurs gSa rks eq¡g dh [kkuh iM+rh gSA ^iwuk iSDV* vkSj ckn esa ^fganw dksM fcy* dh ?kVuk dks bl iwjh dgkuh ds lanHkZ esa j[kdj ns[kus dh t:jr gSA vkt ds efgyk fcy ds leFkZdksa vkSj nfyr fgrSf"k;ksa dks vc Hkh ^iwuk iSDV*] ^fganw dksM fcy* vkSj vkt dk ^lkekftd U;k;* fdruk ldkjkRed :i ls izHkkfor djrk gS bl ij ,d ckj lkspk tkuk pkfg,A oks Hkh rc tc ge ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj dks ;kn dj jgs gksrs gSaA vc nsf[k, u Hkkjrh; jktuhfr dk bfrgkl ftls xk¡èkh vkSj usg: ;qx esa ck¡V dj ns[kk rks tkrk gS fdUrq ogha nwljh vksj vEcsMdj\ bl fo"k; ij vkykspd pkSFkhjke ;kno us ^mÙkj'krh ds foe'kZ vkSj gkf'k, dk lekt* fo"k;d iqLrd esa ,d fucaèk fgUnh uotkxj.k vkSj mÙkj'krh ds foe'kZ* esa ;g iz'u cM+s pqVhys <ax ls mBk;k gSA Hkkjrh; jktuhfr ds bfrgkl dks xk¡èkh ;qx vkSj usg: ;qx esa ck¡V dj lkekftd U;k; lans'k
rks ns[kk tkrk gS ysfdu vEcsMdj mlls csn[ky D;ksa gSa\ D;k og vEcsMdj dk ;qx ugha gS\ nfyrksa&fiNM+ksa fL=k;ksa vkSj vYila[;dksa ds ckjs esa muls T;knk fdlus lkspk&fopkjk\ lkspuk&fopkjuk ,d ckr gS vkSj Hkfo";ksUeq[kh n`f"V ds lkFk ldkjkRed lksp dk gksuk fcYdqy nwljh ckrA nfyrksa vkSj L=kh fgrksa ds fy, vEcsMdj ls T;knk dke fdlus fd;k\ D;k HkkoukRed lgkuqHkwfr j[kus okys xk¡èkh us] ;k ^fganw dksM fcy* dk leFkZu djus dk oknk dj eqdj tkus okys usg: us\ chloha 'krkCnh xk¡èkh vkSj usg: ds uke jgh gksxh] bDdhloha 'krkCnh rks fiQygky vEcsMdj dh 'krkCnh gh gSA**3 bl ij xaHkhjrk ls lkspus vkSj fopkjus dh t:jr gSA D;ksafd blesa gkf'k, ds lekt dh vfLerk vkSj igpku dk iz'u tqM+k gqvk gSA lp rks ;g gS fd ckcklkgsc vEcsMdj dk vkuk bl Hkkjrh; lekt esa mlh dM+h dk vxyk fodkl Øe gS ftlds vrhr esa cq¼] dchj] ukud] jSnkl] T;ksfrck iQwys dk uke tqM+k gSA fopkj ØkfUr dh ;g oks ijEijk gS tks rdZ vkSj Kku dks u fliQZ izksRlkfgr djrh gS cfYd thou dk ewy eU=k cuk dj la?k"kZ djus ds fy, izsj.kk iznku djrh gSA igyh ckj ,slk gksrk gS tc ckcklkgsc ;g dgrs gSaA vè;;u ds cxSj nqfu;k esa dksbZ dqN gkfly ugha dj ik;sxkA4 izkphu dky esa ns'k esa ;g foèkku Fkk fd Kku dh nqfu;k vkSjrksa vkSj xSj czkã.kksa ds fy, ugha cuh gS rFkk ;fn ,slk djrs gq, dksbZ ik;k tk,xk rks naM dk vfèkdkjh gksxkA (ns[k ldrs gSa euqLe`fr) gn rks ;g gS fd czkã.k dSls vczkã.k gks ldrk gS ftldk mYys[k ckcklkgsc vEcsMdj euqLe`fr ds gokys ls bl izdkj djrs gSa& ^^os czkã.k tks gou dO; ikB ugha ys ldrs gSa eSa mUgsa crkrk gw¡A tks 'kqYd lkekftd U;k; lans'k
ysdj i<+k,¡ vkSj 'kqYd nsdj i<+saA tks 'kwnz fo|kFkhZ dks i<+k, vkSj ftldk xq: 'kwnz gks] tks dVqHkk"kh] dqY; ;k foèkok dk iq=k gksA5 tc czkã.k rd bu phtksa ls ugha cp ik;k rks vkSjksa ds ckjs esa D;k dgk tk;\ czkã.k ds Åij 'kkL=k dh ;g udsy fpUrk tud rks gS gh fpUruh; Hkh gSA oSls bl Hkkjrh; lekt esa ^dqtkr* gksdj dkSu jguk pkgrk gS\ rks tkrh; nk;js esa cus jgus dk iz'u tc bl rjg izcy gks tk,xk rks ml fLFkfr esa fdl rjg dk lekt cusxk vkSj tSlh laLd`fr fufeZr gksxhA ;g igsyh fdruh my>h gqbZ gS] vkSj fdruh tfVy gS blls ge vifjfpr ugha gSaA ewy ckr rks ;g gS fd Hkkjr esa yksdra=k] Lora=krk vkSj vkèkqfudrk tSls ewY; rc rd lkFkZd ugha gks ldrs tc rd tkfr vkSj o.kZ O;oLFkk dh opZLo okyh jktuhfr pyrh jgsxhA vkSj gqvk Hkh ;gh vkt Hkh tkfr&èkeZ vkSj fyax dh jktuhfr yxHkx cuh gqbZ gSA bldh Hkh nks ckrsa dkj.k Lo:i gSa&igyk rks ;g fd tkfr&èkeZ&fyax dh jktuhfr vkSj rRlEcaèkh usrkvksa vkSj fopkjdksa dks gYds esa fy;k x;k] mudk neu fd;k x;k vkSj vUrr% mudh g¡lh Hkh mM+kbZ x;hA turk ds chp esa mUgsa vkSj muds fopkjksa dks tkus ugha fn;k x;kA ;g lp fl¼ksa] ukFkksa] cq¼] dchj] jSnkl] nknw ukud] ls ysdj vEcsMdj rFkk yksfg;k rd dk gSA nwljk dkj.k&misf{kr] oafpr] 'kksf"kr tu dks f'k{kk] jkstxkj] jktuhfr] lÙkk vkSj lkekftdrk ls tqM+us dk volj ugha fn;k x;kA dksbZ Bhd iQkWewZyk ugha cukA rFkk Hkze dh fLFkfr dks cuk;s j[kk x;kA lp rks ;g gS fd Lora=k Hkkjr dh Hkwy&HkqyS;k esa gh ;g [kksrk jgk gSA ;g bruk lgt lanHkZ ugha gS vU;Fkk iz;kl rks 19oha 'krkCnh esa Hkh gq, Fks lqèkkjoknh laxBuksa us ^iRry&ikuh* vkSj 11
^Hkkst&Hkkr* dk uewuk rks j[kk gh Fkk vkSj nwljh vksj xk¡èkh dk lekukarj iz;kl ^gfjtu lsod la?k* ds :i esa rks py gh jgk Fkk fdarq D;k gkfly gqvk vkSj fdruk gkfly gqvk] ;g fNik gqvk ugha gSA ge ,slk Hkh ugha dg ldrs fd dqN Hkh ugha gqvk] fdarq cqfu;knh rkSj ij cM+k ifj.kke ugha gkfly dj ik;s vkSj u gh dksbZ psruk fufeZr gks ik;hA blds ihNs ckcklkgsc dh ;g fVIi.kh fopkj djus ds fy, ckè; djrh gS& ^^lkekftd rFkk vkfFkZd iqufuZekZ.k ds vkewy ifjorZuoknh dk;ZØe ds fcuk vLi`'; dHkh Hkh viuh n'kk esa lqèkkj ugha dj ldrsA**6 ,d rks ;g vkSj nwljs izfrc¼rk dk gksuk vko';d gSA ckcklkgsc ds vuqlkj&os èkU; gSa tks vuqHko djrs gSa fd ftu yksxksa esa gekjk tUe gqvk gS mudk m¼kj djuk gekjk dÙkZO; gSA èkU; gSa os tks xqykeh dk [kkRek djus ds fy, lc dqN U;kSNkoj djrs gSa vkSj èkU; gSa os tks lq[k vkSj nq[k] eku vkSj lEeku] vkSj d"V jgsaxs tc rd vLi`';ksa dks muds ekuoh; tUe fl¼ vfèkdkj u fey tk,¡*A*7 ;gh oks izfrc¼ izsj.kk gS ftldks ikdj nfyr&ihfM+r&'kksf"kr turk ds fy, la?k"kZ fd;k tkrk gS ftlds lzksr MkWvEcsMdj ds fopkjksa esa fufgr gSaA Li`'; vkSj vLi`'; ;s nks ,slh lPpkb;k¡ gSa ftudks le>s fcuk dqN Hkh le> ikuk laHko ugha gSA bldh yEch ijEijk jgh gSA lp rks ;g gS fd dsoy rhu gh o.kZ Fks fdUrq pkSFkk o.kZ ;kuh 'kwnz cM+h lksp dk ifj.kke gSA pawfd ge bfrgkl vkSj ijEijkvksa dks Bhd ls le> ugha ik;s gSa vkSj vèkwjh tkudkjh ds lkFk Loa; Kku dks lacafèkr djrs gSa fdUrq tc ckcklkgsc lEiw.kZ okÄ~e; [k.M&13 vkSj [k.M&14 ;kuh 'kwnz dkSu Fks] vNwr dkSu Fks vkSj os vNwr dSls cus [k.M 7 esa vizSy 2014
bldk fo'kn o.kZu djrs gSa rc vk¡[ksa [kqy tkrh gSaA irk pyrk gS fd lÙkkèkehZ èkeZ vkSj tkfr dh jktuhfr us 'kwnzksa dks tUe fn;k vpkud Hkkjrh; lekt dh uo fufeZfr gqbZA blds ckn Le`fr;ksa vkSj lafgrkvksa us bu 'kwnzksa dks f'k{kk] lÙkk] lkekftdrk ls oafpr dj detksj cuk;k rkfd bu ij 'kklu Hkh fd;k tk lds vkSj budh lsok,¡ Hkh izkIr dh tk ldasA bl lanHkZ esa ckcklkgsc dk vè;;u fo'ks"k ek;us j[krk gS rFkk vfLerk dh yM+kbZ esa cq¼] dchj] jSnkl] MkW- vEcsMdj vkSj yksfg;k dks i<+us dh t:jr gSA ckcklkgsc oSfnd okÄ~e; esa ?kqldj bu lPpkb;ksa dh iM+rky djrs gSaA fdlh Hkh lekt dk mRFkku vkSj mldh izxfr bfrgkl ls fHkUu gksdj ugha gks ldrkA ,sls esa ckcklkgsc dk bfrgkl vè;;u iqjk.k vkSj osnksa ds varfoZjksèkksa dk mn~?kkVu vfLerk foe'kZ ds fy, ,d u;k ikB izLrqr djrk gSA ;g tkuuk t:jh gS fd gekjh tM+sa dgk¡ gSa vkSj fdruh iQSyh gSaA D;ksafd bl lanHkZ esa ,d cM+h lPpkbZ ;g gS fd 'kwnzksa ds bfrgkl dk dksbZ vrk&irk ugha pyrk gSA vLi`';rk dk x<ar D;k gS mldks tkus fcuk blls yM+uk vkSj eqfDr ikuk laHko ugha gSA ogh lp ugha gS tks ijkslk tkrk jgk gS cfYd ,d lp og Hkh gS tks mUgha ikBksa vkSj 'kkL=kksa esa ekStwn gS ftlls vLi`'; turk vHkh Hkh de gh ifjfpr gks ik;h gSA lglzksa o"kks± dk bfrgkl gksxk fdlh ds fy, Lof.kZe fdarq nfyr&ihfM+r&oafpr 'kksf"kr turk ds fy, nq%[krh jx gSA mu bfrgklksa vkSj lekt'kkL=kksa ds Hkhrj D;k gS ;g Hkh tkuuk t:jh gSA D;k gesa jSnkl dh ok.kh Hkhrj rd fgyk ugha nsrh gS& ^^ijkèkhurk iki gS tkfu ysÅ js ehrA jSnkl nkl ijkèkhu lkSa vizSy 2014
dkSu djS gS izhr ijkèkhu dks nhu D;k ijkèkhu cs nhu jSnkl nkl ijkèkhu dks lcfg le>S ghuA8 ekuq"krk dks [kkr gS jSnkl tkr dk jksx A9 jSnkl u ekuq"k tqM+ ldS ykSa tkr u tkr A10 ysfdu dgk¡ rd igq¡p ikbZ gSa ml fgLls rd ;g ok.khA ifjorZu dh psruk dks fufeZr djrh larksa dh okf.k;ksa dks vEcsMdj vè;;u ds lkFk tksM+dj ns[kk tkuk pkfg,A 'kkL=k vkSj tkfr ds opZLo ls fdukjk djrh gqbZ ;s okf.k;k¡ lekt vkSj lp dks le>us dk u;k utfj;k iznku djrh gSaA mlds Hkhrj o.kZ èkeZ dh tfVyrk ls futkr ikus dk lanHkZ gSA vkt tc bl mrj'krh esa bu phtksa dh iM+rky djrs gSa ^lkekftd U;k;* vkSj ^lerk* dh ckr djrs gSa rc t:jh gks tkrk gS ml ijEijk vkSj izfrjksèk dh fopkjèkkjk rFkk fopkjdksa ls tqM+ukA ,sls rks lc ,d gh bZ'oj dh larku gSa vkSj lcds ekfyd ,d gh gSaA fdarq nwljk cM+k lp gS] tkfr vkSj èkeZ dk opZLo vkSj bZ'oj ds uke ij dh tkus okyh jktuhfr] ftlus izkjaHk ls gh gekjs thou vkSj jktuhfr dks izHkkfor djus dk dke fd;k gSA ;fn eku yhft, rks Js"B tkfr;ksa dh lsok esa ftUnxh xqtj tk,xh vkSj ugha ekfu, rks ;s vkidks jgus rd ugha nsaxsA blh ys[k esa ckcklkgsc ds gokys ls geus dgus dh dksf'k'k dh gS fd vLi`'; dks viuh n'kk esa lqèkkj] lkekftd rFkk vkfFkZd iqufuZekZ.k ds fy, vkewy ifjorZuoknh dk;ZØe gksuk pkfg,A vc blh ekWMy dks ckcklkgsc us lafoèkku esa j[kk rFkk vkj{k.k dh uhfr dk fuekZ.k fd;kA lcls 12
cM+h ckr tks blesa ;g gS fd vkj{k.k dh otg ls vkfFkZd volj vkSj lÙkk esa Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr gks tkrh gS fdUrq nwljh vkSj ;gha ls ge lkekftdrk esa LFkku Hkh cukus yxrs gSaA dguk u gksxk fd blls Hkkjrh; lekt vkSj lÙkk ds psgjs ij cM+k ifjorZu vk;k gSA reke ihM+kvksa vkSj ijs'kkfu;ksa ds ckn vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd ifjorZu esa Hkh eè; Hkwfedk fuHkkus yxrk gS vkj{k.k vFkZ dh l'kÙkQrk lekt dh v'kÙkQrk dks nwj dj nsrh gS rFkk 'kkL=k dk rkuk&ckuk Hkh <+hyk gks tkrk gSA ;g rks bfrgkl lp gS fd lÙkk esa jgus okyh 'kwnz tkfr;ksa ds lkFk lkear vkSj iqjksfgr rks yx tkrs jgs gSaA f'kokth tSls O;fDr dks izFker;k fryd yxkus ls euk djus okys iqjksfgr lekt dk fodYi ,d iqjksfgr gh curk gS rFkk ckn esa ogh f'kokth fganw j{kd 'kkld ds :i esa viuh igpku ntZ djkrs gSa bl euksoSKkfud lp dks Hkh le>uk t:jh gks tkrk gSA [kSj ckcklkgsc lkekftd ifjoZru dks vfuok;Z :i ls ekurs gSaA ^lkekftd ifjorZu* lkekftd U;k; vkSj vkj{k.k ds ekè;e ls gh laHko gks ikrk gS vc nsf[k;s] ^lkekftd ifjorZu vkSj ^lkekftd U;k;* ls Hkys gh de ijs'kkuh gksrh gS fdarq ^vkj{k.k* rks cM+s&ls&cM+s lgu'khy xaHkhj O;fDr&dks Hkh fryfeyk nsrk gSA vkSj rks vkSj bls fxÝV ekuk tkrk gSaA fdarq ;g ;k rks ukle>h gS ;k vHkh Hkh oafpr leqnk; dks eq[; èkkjk esa 'kkfey gksrs gq, ugha ns[k ldus dh eu% fLFkfr gSA vktknh ds brus o"kks± ds ckn Hkh oafprksa dh fLFkfr D;k gS bls ,d ckj rks ns[kuk gh pkfg,A ,sls esa ^vkj{k.k* vkSj lkekftd ifjorZu nksuksa laHko ugha gSA bl lanHkZ esa ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj ds dFku dks lkeus j[kdj ckr dh tkuh pkfg,] ^^tc esgurd'k tkfr;k¡ bu vkj{k.kksa dh ekax djrh gSa] rks og dksbZ ubZ ckr ;k vtwck ugha gSA vkj{k.k dh lkekftd U;k; lans'k
ekax mu 'kkld tkfr;ksa vkSj T;knfr;ksa ls lqj{kk dh ekax gS tks esgurd'k ij gj {ks=k esa izHkqRo tekuk pkgrh gSa] bl ekax ds lkFk 'kkld tkfr;ksa ij dksbZ ,slh ?k`f.kr 'krs± ugha yxkbZ x;h gSaA blh lanHkZ esa ckcklkgsc tc ;g fy[krs gSa fd& ^^esgurd'k tkfr;ksa dk vkj{k.k dh ekax ds ihNs vk'k; ;g gS fd 'kkld tkfr;ksa ds vfèkdkjksa ij lhek yxkbZ tk,] ftlds jgrs os ljdkjh ra=k ij fu;a=k.k dj ysrs gSaA 'kkld tkfr;k¡ vkj{k.k dks cnuke dj jgh gSa rkfd mu yksxksa dh vkokt dks gh nck nsa] tks ml ij tksj ns jgs gSaA okLrfodrk ;g gS fd vkj{k.k ogh pht gS ftls vejhdh fuxjkuh vkSj fu;a=k.k dgrs gSa] tks izR;sd lafoèkku esa jguk vko';d gS ftlls yksdra=k ds 'k=kq ml ij dkfct gksdj u cSB tk,**12 vkf[kjh ckr bl lanHkZ esa ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj ds vuqlkj&;fn lafoèkku esa laj{k.k ugha j[ks x, rks 'kkld tkfr;ksa dk esgurd'k tkfr;ksa ij izHkqRo tkjh jgsxkA13 vkt t:jh gS bl fo"k; ij foe'kZ dh] vU;Fkk tks* ekj&dkV* dh fLFkfr cuh gqbZ gS og vlguh; gSA ,sls de gh lqy>s gq, yksx gksaxs tks bl fo"k; ij ldkjkRed jk; j[krs gksaxsA vkj{k.k fookn dh ctk; vkj{k.k foe'kZ gks rks T;knk vPNk gksxk vkSj laokn dh fLFkfr cusxh ftlls xzafFk;k¡ Hkh VwVsaxh vkSj u;h lkekftdrk Hkh cusxhA vc euqLe`fr dk foèkku ugha py jgk cfYd vEcsMdj dk lafoèkku py jgk gS fdUrq vc Hkh euqLe`fr dh Le`fr;k¡ laLdkj :i varl esa cSBh gqbZ gSa ftlls ^vkj{k.k*] ^lerk*] ^lkekftd U;k;* tSls fo"k; ijs'kku dj nsrs gSaA ijs'kkuh Hkh ;gh gS D;ksafd ^tM+rk*] ^opZLo* vkSj ^lÙkk* ls tw>rs ;s 'kCn ;gk¡ lkekftd U;k; lans'k
yksdra=k dh LFkkiuk djus esa vxzlj gSa ogha bls yksdra=k dk fojksèkh ekuk tkus yxrk gSA dHkh Hkkjrh;rk ds uke ij rks dHkh laLd`fr vkSj ijEijk ds uke ijA ckcklkgsc dks yx jgk Fkk fd ;s eqís ckn esa tfVy gks tk,¡xs blfy, os cgqr csckd <ax ls viuh jk; Hkh j[krs gSa rFkk mldh ijEijkvksa vkSj bfrgkl dks lkFk fy, pyrs gSaA (bl lanHkZ esa foLr`r tkudkjh j[kuh gks rks ckcklkgsc lEiw.kZ okÄ~e; [k.M&17 ifjf'k"V dks ns[k ldrs gSaA)
^^tc esgurd'k tkfr;k¡ bu vkj{k.kksa dh ekax djrh gSa] rks og dksbZ ubZ ckr ;k vtwck ugha gSA vkj{k.k dh ek¡x mu 'kkld tkfr;ksa T;knfr;ksa ls lqj{kk dh ekax gS tks esgurd'k ij gj {ks=k esa izHkqRo tekuk pkgrh gSa] bl ekax ds lkFk 'kkld tkfr;ksa ij dksbZ ,slh ?k`f.kr 'krs± ugha yxkbZ x;h gSaA vkt ds nkSj esa ckcklkgsc ds gksus dk fo'ks"k vFkZ gSA ckcklkgsc MkWvEcsMdj] cq¼] dchj] jSnkl vkSj T;ksfrck iQwys] isfj;kj dh mlh ijEijk esa 'kkfey gSa tks Je.kksa dh jgh gS] esgurd'kksa dh jgh gSA cfYd ckcklkgsc viuh iwoZoÙkhZ vkSj vuqoÙkhZ ijEijk dks tksM+us okyh dM+h ds :i esa gSaA ifjorZu vkSj izfrjksèk dks vkèkkj nsus okys ckcklkgsc MkWvEcsMdj dh izklafxdrk rc rd jgsxh 13
tc rd lekt esa vlekurk] f'k{kk] Hksn&Hkko] opZLo vkSj tkfr&èkeZ vkSj fyax dh jktuhfr pyrh jgsxhA Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa MkW- vEcsMdj ,sls O;fDr gSa tks 'kks"kd] 'kkldksa opZLo'kkyh&rcdksa] tkfrokfn;ksa] ik[kafM;ksa vkSj vyksdrkaf=kdksa dks ges'kk ,d rjiQ Hk;Hkhr djrs jgsaxs rFkk nwljh rjiQ oafprksa] nfyrksa] fL=k;ksa] vYila[;dksa] yksdrkaf=kdksa] lerkokfn;ksa dks lkgl iznku djrs jgsaxs vkSj muds lacy cus jgsaxsA ekStwnk oDr ifjorZu dh laHkkouk dk oDr gS ,sls esa MkW- vEcsMdj ds fopkjksa&jpukvksa vkSj liuksa ls tqM+us vkSj tksM+us dk oDr gSA ;|fi gS ;g dfBu dke] fdUrq euq"; ;fn Bku ys rks D;k ugha dj ldrk gS vkSj MkW- vEcsMdj us bruk foosd rFkk lkgl rks fn;k gh gSA lanHkZ lwph 1- dchj xzaFkkoyh% ';ke lqUnjnkl&lk[kh&40] i`"B&36 2- mÙkj'krh ds foe'kZ vkSj gkf'k, dk lekt % ys- izks- pkSFkhjke ;kno vukfedk ifCy'klZ ,oa fMLVªhC;wVj (izk-) fyfeVsM] ubZ fnYyh&izFke la- 2014] i`-&18&19 3- ogh&i`-&103 4- vkSj ckcklkgsc us dgk Fkk% jkèkkd`".k izdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh [k.M&4] i`-&2 5- ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj lEiw.kZ okÄ~e;&MkW- vEcsMdj izfr"Bku] ubZ fnYyh [k.M&13] i`"B&139 6- ogh [k.M&13] i`"B&150 7- ogh [k.M&14] i`"B&82 8- jSnkl xzaFkkoyh&,u-flag] lk[kh la-225&226 i`"B&159 9- ogh] lk[kh la- 155] i`-&152 10- ogh] lk[kh&160] i`-&153 11- ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj lEiwZ.k okÄ~e;&[k.M17] i`-&74 12- ogh& [k.M&17] i`"B&77&78 13 ogh&[k.M&17] i`"B&80 (ys[kd fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ds fganw dkWyst esa lgk;d izksisQlj gSa)
vizSy 2014
lkekftd ifjorZu ds egkuk;d ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj
v
izSy ekg dh pkSng rkjh[k lkekftd ifjorZu ds mu egkuk;d dk tUe fnu gS] ftUgksaus gtkjksa lky ls vaèkdkje; ftanxh thus dks vfHk'kIr djksM+ksa 'kksf"kr&ihfM+r turk ds thou esa jks'kuh Hkj nhA 14 vizSy] 1891 dks e- iz- ds egw Nkouh esa tUes HkhekckbZ vkSj jkethjko ds iq=k Hkhejko jketh vEcsMdj gh vkxs pydj Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ds fuekZrk cusA ^egkj* ukedz vNwr le>h tkus okyh tkfr esa tUe ysus ds dkj.k cpiu ls gh MkW- vEcsMdj dks tkfrxr na'k >syus iM+s FksA lwcsnkj ds csVs gksus ds ckotwn dsoy ,d ^vNwr* gksus ds pyrs mUgsa Ldwy&dkWyst esa izos'k ysus vkSj viuh f'k{kk iwjh djus ds fy, dkiQh la?k"kZ djuk iM+kA ukSdjh djus ds nkSjku Hkh mUgsa dbZ rjg ds tkfroknh HksnHkko dk f'kdkj gksuk iM+kA cM+kSnk ds egkjktk l;kthjko xk;dokM+ }kjk mPp f'k{kk ds fy, Nk=ko`fr miyC/ djkuk ckcklkgsc ds thou dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fcUnq lkfcr gqvkA vesfjdk ds izfrf"Br dksyfEc;k fo'ofo|ky; ls mUgksaus vFkZ'kkL=k esa ,e-,- vkSj ckn esa ih-,pMh- dh fMxzh gkfly dhA MkW- vEcsMdj us yanu Ldwy vkWiQ bdksukWfeDl ls Hkh i<+kbZ dhA os vius le; ds lokZf/d i<+s&fy[ks vkSj ckSf¼d O;fDrRoksa esa 'kqekj fd, tkrs FksA Mh-,l-lh-] ,y-,y-Mh-] Mh-fyV- vkSj cSfjLVj ,V ykW tSlh fMfxz;ksa ds ekfyd ckcklkgsc dbZ Hkk"kkvksa ds Kkrk FksA vaxzsth esa mudh jpukoyh ^MkW- ckcklkgsc vEcsMdj jkbfVaXl ,aM Lihpst* uke ls egkjk"Vª ljdkj }kjk vizSy 2014
Hkkouk ljksgk
izdkf'kr dh xbZ gS rFkk fgUnh esa ;g ^ckcklkgsc MkWDVj vEcsMdj lEiw.kZ okÄ~e;* ds uke ls MkW- vEcsMdj izfr"Bku] lkekftd U;k; ,oa vf/ dkfjrk ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk izdkf'kr dh xbZ gSA muds foiqy&oSfoè;iw. kZ ys[ku vkSj dk;ksaZ dks ns[kus ls irk pyrk gS fd os ,d gh lkFk vFkZ'kkL=kh] fof/osÙkk] ekuo'kkL=kh] Hkk"kkfon~] lekt oSKkfud] jktuhfrK] bfrgkldkj] /eZ vkSj n'kZu ds eeZK] i=kdkj] laxBudrkZ vkSj ifjorZudkeh Økafrdkjh ;ks¼k FksA ^,suhfgys'ku vkWiQ dkLV*] ^n vuVpscYl*] ^gw os;j n 'kwnzkt* vkSj ^cq¼k ,aM fgt /Eek* mudh csgn izfl¼ iqLrdsa gSaA mUgksaus lekt] laLd`fr] /eZ] n'kZu] u`rRo'kkL=k] foKku] bfrgkl] lkfgR;] dkuwu] jktuhfr] laxBu] vkUnksyu] L=kh&iz'u lesr vU;kU; fo"k;ksa ij rkfdZd vkSj oSKkfud ys[ku fd;kA mudk iwjk 14
thou fparu&euu] ckSf¼d ys[ku] laxBu] vkUnksyu vkSj 'kks"k.k&mRihM+u ds fo#¼ ,d yksdrkfU=kd lekt cukus ds iz;Ruksa esa gh chrkA lM+h&xyh O;oLFkk esa lqèkkj ugha vkewypwy ifjorZu gks Hkkjrh; lkekftd lajpuk dks ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj us cgqr xgjkbZ ls ns[kk&le>kA muds thou dk eq[; y{; Fkk& lfn;ksa ls tkfr] /eZ] uLy] oxZ vkSj fyax ds uke ij nck,&lrk, x, oafpr rcds dh eqfDr vkSj gj rjg ds 'kks"k.k&mRihM+u dks [kRe djds ,d lerkewyd lekt dh LFkkiukA iwjh ftanxh MkW- vEcsMdj vius bl lius dks iwjk djus esa yxs jgsA ^egkM+ lR;kxzg*] ^euqLe`fr ngu*] vkSj ^dkykjke eafnj izos'k* tSls vkUnksyuksa }kjk mUgksaus nfyr leqnk; ds eu esa gtkjksa lky ls pyh vk jgh xqykeh ls eqfDr ikus dk ladYi iSnk lkekftd U;k; lans'k
fd;kA MkW- vEcsMdj dk la?k"kZ cgqvk;keh FkkA os ckSf¼d lkekftd&lkaLd`frd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd lHkh Lrjksa ij eqLrSn FksA Hkkjr esa igyk etnwj laxBu cukus dk Js; mUgsa gh gSA 1936 esa mUgksaus ^bafMisaMsaV yscj ikVhZ* cukbZ FkhA blds vykok ^vkWy bafM;k 'ksM~;wYM dkLV iQsMjs'ku*] ^cfg"d`r fgrdkfj.kh lHkk*] ^ihiqYl lkslkbVh*] ^fjifCydu ikVhZ vkiWQ bafM;k*] ^fn cqf¼LV lkslkbVh vkWiQ bafM;k* tSls laxBuksa ds ekè;e ls ckcklkgsc us Hkkjrh; lekt vkSj jktuhfr esa ifjorZu dh rwiQkuh ygj iSnk dhA viuh oSpkfjdh dks jpukRed :i nsrs gq, mUgksaus ^ewduk;d*] ^turk* vkSj ^cfg"d`r Hkkjr* tSlh egRoiw.kZ i=k&if=kdkvksa dk izdk'ku fd;kA lfn;ksa ls lks;s gq;s oafpr rcds dks txkus ds fy, ckcklkgsc us ifjorZudkjh ukjk fn;k& ^^f'kf{kr cuks ! laxfBr jgks !! la?k"kZ djks !!!** dguk u gksxk fd MkWvEcsMdj ds lkFk yk[kksa&djksM+ksa 'kksf"kr&ihfM+r turk tqM+rh xbZ vkSj mudk vkUnksyu etcwr gksrk x;kA 1930 ds ckn xka/h ds lekukUrj ckcklkgsc dk O;fDrRo [kklk yksdfiz; vkSj izHkko'kkyh FkkA xka/h oLrqr% lkekftd lq/kj pkgrs Fks ysfdu ckcklkgsc lM+h&xyh O;oLFkk esa vkewypwy ifjorZu pkgrs FksA xka/h o.kZ&O;oLFkk ds fojks/h ugha Fks] os dsoy NqvkNwr dks [kRe djus ds fy, cksyrs Hkj FksA xksyest lEesyu esa MkW- vEcsMdj us oafpr leqnk; dk izfrfuf/Ro djrs gq, xka/h ds foijhr viuh ckrsa tksjnkj <ax ls j[khaA ysfdu jktuhfrd fgLlsnkjh ds loky ij xka/h th us vkej.k vu'ku 'kq: dj fn;k vkSj ckcklkgsc dks >qdus ds fy, etcwj fd;kA u pkgrs gq, Hkh cgqr cq>s eu ls MkW- vEcsMdj dks bldh ifj.kfr ^iwuk&iSDV* ds :i esa djuh iM+hA lkekftd U;k; lans'k
L=kh mRFkku ls gh lekt dk lgh fodkl LorU=krk ds ckn cuh ljdkj esa ckcklkgsc dks Hkkjr dk igyk dkuwu ea=kh cuus dk xkSjo gkfly gqvkA fiQj os lafo/ku fuekZ.k lfefr ds vè;{k cus vkSj Hkkjr dk lafo/ku rS;kj fd;kA Hkkjrh; lafo/ku lerk] LorU=krk vkSj ca/qRo ij vk/kfjr gS vkSj gj rjg dh xSj&cjkcjh ds f[kykiQ lerkewyd lekt ds fuekZ.k ij cy nsrk gSA ckcklkgsc L=kh&eqfDr ds Hkh mrus gh cM+s iSjksdkj FksA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd L=kh&mRFkku ls gh lekt dk lgh fodkl gks ldrk gSA fganw vkSjrksa dh eqfDr ds nLrkost ds :i esa mUgksaus ^fganw dksM fcy* rS;kj fd;k] tks dkykarj esa L=kh&eqfDr dk lcls cM+k ekè;e lkfcr gksrkA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd ^eSaus lafo/ku cukdj ns'k ds fy, og ;ksxnku ugha fd;k gS tks ^fganw dksM fcy* ds }kjk d:axkA ysfdu lo.kZ fganqvksa ds fojks/ vkSj dkaxzsl ds ihNs gVus ds dkj.k ckcklkgsc dk ;g liuk iwjk ugha gks ldk vkSj mUgksaus blds fojks/ esa rqjar bLrhiQk ns fn;kA nqfu;k ds bfrgkl esa viuh rjg dh ;g igyh ?kVuk Fkh fd fdlh O;fDr us L=kh&eqfDr ds loky ij viuk in NksM+ fn;k gksA MkW- vEcsMdj nfyrksa dh xqykeh dk dkj.k fganw /eZ dh o.kZ&O;oLFkk vkSj xSj&cjkcjh dks ekurs FksA blfy, blls eqfDr ds fy, mUgksaus 1935 esa gh ;g ?kks"k.kk dj nh Fkh] ^^eq>s [ksn gS fd eSaus fganw /eZ esa tUe t:j fy;k gS] tks fd esjs o'k dh ckr ugha Fkh] ijUrq ;g esjs o'k dh ckr gS fd eSa fganw jgdj e:¡xk ughaA** 14 vDrwcj] 1956 (v'kksd fot;h n'keh) dks ukxiqj esa vius yk[kksa vuq;kf;;ksa ds lkFk mUgksaus ckS¼ /eZ dh nh{kk yhA vkxs dk viuk iwjk thou os ckS¼ /eZ ds izpkj&izlkj ds fy, lefiZr djuk pkgrs FksA ysfdu 15
[kjkc LokLF; ds pyrs os T;knk fnu thfor ugha jg lds vkSj 06 fnlEcj] 1956 dks fnYyh esa 26] vyhiqj jksM+ fLFkr fuokl ij mudk ifjfuokZ.k gks x;kA mudk vafre laLdkj ckS¼ jhfr&fjokt ls eqacbZ fLFkr nknj (pSR; Hkwfe) ij yk[kksa yksxksa dh mifLFkfr esa fd;k x;kA MkW- vEcsMdj us nfyr& vkfnoklh vkSj fiNM+s oxZ (vks-ch-lh-) ds fy, f'k{kk ,oa ukSdfj;ksa esa leku volj iznku djus ds fy, lafoèkku esa vkj{k.k tSlh O;oLFkk nh] ftldh cnkSyr fiNys lkB o"kks± esa ;g rcdk i<+&fy[kdj vkxs vk;k gSA vkt f'k{kk] ukSdjh] O;kikj] lkfgR; vkfn lHkh {ks=kksa esa oafpr lekt dh mifLFkfr fn[kus yxh gSA ns'k ds gj fo'ofo|ky; esa nfyr&vkfnoklh foe'kZ vkSj vEcsMdj n'kZu&fparu ikB esa 'kkfey gks x;k gSA okLro esa ckcklkgsc ds fparu&n'kZu esa gj tkfr] oxZ] leqnk; ;kfu iwjh ekuork ds fy, eqfDr vkSj mRFkku ds cht lekfgr gSa ysfdu viQlksl bl ckr dk gS fd mUgsa dsoy nfyr oxZ ds elhgk ds :i esa gh LFkkfir dj fn;k x;k gSA vkt t:jr bl ckr dh gS fd ckcklkgsc ds fopkjksa dks bl ns'k dk gj rcdk viuk,] rHkh lE;d fodkl vkSj lejlrk LFkkfir gks ldrh gSA vktknh ds pkj n'kd ckn 1990 esa ljdkj us ckcklkgsc dks ns'k ds loksZPp ukxfjd lEeku ^Hkkjr jRu* ls uoktkA lp esa yk[kksa&djksM+ksa ihfM+r turk ds eqfDrnkrk cksf/lRo ckcklkgsc MkW- Hkhejko vEcsMdj ,d cs'kdherh jRu gh rks gSaA (ysf[kdk bafnjk xka/h jk"Vªh; eqDr fo-fo-] ubZ fnYyh esa ih-,p-Mh- dh 'kks/&Nk=kk gSa vkSj vEcsMdjh vkanksyu ls tqM+h gqbZ gSaA)
vizSy 2014
vk/qfud Hkkjr esa LokLF; lsokvksa ds fodkl esa MkW- vEcsMdj dk ;ksxnku
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lat; dqekj ,oa MkW- tqxy fd'kksj
g loZ Lohd`r rF; gS fd ,d LoLFk balku gh LoLFk ifjokj] lekt vkSj LoLFk jk"Vª dk fuekZ.k dj ldrk gSA 1946 esa fo'o LokLF; laxBu }kjk nh x;h LokLF; dh ifjHkk"kk ^^og iw.kZ voLFkk ftlesa ,d O;fDr u dsoy chekjh vkSj nqcZyrk ls eqDr gks cfYd og 'kkjhfjd] ekufld vkSj lkekftd :i ls vius vkidks LoLFk vkSj [kq'kgky eglwl djrk gks** ls Hkh bl ckr dh iqf"V gksrh gSA LoLFk jguk vkSj csgrj LokLF; lsok,a ikuk ges'kk ls ekuo dh ewyHkwr vko';drk jgh gSA Hkkjrh; bfrgkl esa vktknh ls iwoZ vusd 'kkldksa }kjk vius ukxfjdksa dks mÙke LokLF; lsok,a çnku djus dh dksf'k'k dh tkrh jgh gS] fdUrq Hkkjrh; lekt ds vlekurk ij vk/kfjr gksus vkSj fdlh Hkh 'kkld }kjk dksbZ lkekU; LokLF; uhfr ugha cuk;s tkus ds dkj.k] vf/ dka'k LokLF; lsok,a ,d fo'ks"k oxZ rd gh lhfer jghaA vkSifuosf'kd Hkkjr esa igyh ckj lHkh ds fy, leku LokLF; lsok,a çnku djus dh uhfr;ka lkeus vkb±A vaxzstksa us vius lSfudksa vkSj ;wjksih; ukxfjdksa ds fy, mfpr LokLF; lsok,a çnku djus ds fy, caxky fpfdRlk lsok vkSj Hkkjrh; fpfdRlk lsok,a çkjEHk dhaA vk/qfud Hkkjr esa lHkh Hkkjrh;ksa dks leku LokLF; lsok,a çnku djus ds egRo dks lcls vf/d MkW- ch- vkj- vEcsMdj us le>kA mudk ekuuk Fkk] ^^,d vleku lekt] vizSy 2014
ftldk ,d Hkkx u fliQZ Hkw[ks&isV lksrk gks] tkuojksa ls cnrj thou thus ds fy, etcwj gks vkSj ftls lkoZtfud lzksrksa ls ikuh rd ihus dk vf/dkj u gks] fdlh Hkh gkyr esa ,d csgrj vkSj etcwr jk"Vª Hkkjr dk fuekZ.k ugha dj ldrkA** muds vuqlkj ,d LoLFk Hkkjr ds fuekZ.k ds fy, t#jh gS fd mu lHkh yksxksa dks] tks bu ewyHkwr lqfoèkkvksa ls oafpr jgs gSa] mUgsa ;Fkk'kh?kz ;s lqfo/k;sa eqgS;k djk;h tk,aA mUgksaus Hkkjr dh Lora=krk ds la?k"kZ ds lkFk&lkFk ekuoh; Lora=krk vkSj lekurk ds fy, Hkh la?k"kZ fd;kA ckcklkgsc MkW ch- vkjvEcsMdj us Hkkjrh; lafo/ku ds ekSfyd vf/dkjksa vkSj jkT; ds uhfr&funsZ'kd rRoksa esa lHkh dks i;kZIr LokLF; lsok,a çnku fd;s tkus dks 'kkfey djds mUgsa oSèkkfud Lo#i çnku fd;k] tks Hkkjrh; bfrgkl esa igys dHkh ugha gqvk FkkA blfy, Hkkjrh; LokLF; ds fodkl vkSj jk"Vª fuekZ.k esa mudk ;ksxnku vrqyuh; gSA 16
vkSifuosf'kd dky esa Hkkjr esa LokLF; dh fLFkfr vaxzst Hkkjr esa O;kikj djus ds fy, O;kikjh cudj vk;s Fks fdUrq rRdkyhu Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd vkSj lkekftd detksfj;ksa dk ykHk mBkrs gq, mUgksaus Hkkjr dh jktuhfr esa Hkh n[ky nsuk 'kq: dj fn;kA Iyklh ds ;q¼ (1757) ls og 'kkld curs pys x, vkSj ns[krs gh ns[krs lEiw.kZ Hkkjr dks mUgksaus vius dCts esa ys fy;kA Hkkjr esa vaxzsth 'kklu vkSj O;kikj dks cuk;s j[kus rFkk mls vkSj vf/d etcwr cukus ds fy, tks ;wjksih; lSfud] vf/dkjh vkSj ukxfjd Hkkjr esa jg jgs Fks] mUgsa fHkUu ekSle vkSj tyok;q gksus ds dkj.k fofHkUu lkekftd U;k; lans'k
çdkj dh LokLF; leL;kvksa dk lkeuk ds fy, ,dtqV gks jgk Fkk] rks nwljh Hkkjrh; Lora=krk vkanksyu vkSj djuk iM+ jgk Fkk] ftlds pyrs cgqr vksj Hkkjrh; lekt dk ,d cM+k fgLlk f}rh; fo'o ;q¼ ds le; rd lkjs ;wjksih; lSfud vkSj ukxfjd çR;sd thou dh ewyHkwr vko';drkvksa tSls vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij ;g ckr fl¼ gks o"kZ Hkkjrh; }hih; chekfj;ksa ls ej tkrs ihus dk ikuh] HkjisV Hkkstu] 'kq¼ pqdh Fkh fd vaxzstksa us Hkkjr esa vius FksA vius bu lSfudksa vkSj ukxfjdksa dks okrkoj.k vkSj lfn;ksa ls tkuojksa ls Hkh 'kklu ds nkSjku mu ekuoh; fgrksa dh LoLFk j[kus ds fy, vaxzstksa dks Hkkjr esa cn~rj thou thus ls eqfDrikus ds fy, vuns[kh dh gS ftuds laj{kd vkSj ,d ubZ vkSj oSKkfud fpfdRlk&i¼fr rM+i jgk FkkA muds fy, thou dh leFkZd gksus dk nkok oks vc rd iwjh dh vfr vko';drk Fkh] D;ksafd çpfyr vktknh ns'k vkSj lhekvksa dh vktknh nqfu;k ds lkeus dj jgs FksA blfy, Hkkjrh; i¼fr;ksa dks og oSKkfud vkSj ls dgha T;knk t#jh FkhA mudh bl vU; igyqvksa ds lkFk&lkFk Hkkjrh; dkjxj ugha ekurs Fks] bl ubZ fpfdRlk vktknh ds la?k"kZ dk usr`Ro le;&le; LokLF; ds {ks=k esa tSls LokLF; lsokvksa i¼fr dks if'peh fpfdRlk i¼fr ds ij vusdksa egkiq#"kksa us fd;k] ftlls dh fLFkfr vkSj mudk Lrj] LokLF; uke ls tkuk x;k] çrhd] mudh ftls vkxs pydj ^^çpfyr Hkkjrh; i¼fr;ksa dks og oSKkfud vkSj okLrfod fLFkfr dk caxky fpfdRlk i¼fr dkjxj ugha ekurs Fks] bl ubZ fpfdRlk i¼fr dks irk yxkdj muds vkSj Hkkjrh; fpfdRlk lq/kj ds fy, lq>ko if'peh fpfdRlk i¼fr ds uke ls tkuk x;k] tks i¼fr ds uke ls Hkh nsus gsrq ,d jk"Vª tkuk x;kA tSlk fd vkxs pydj caxky fpfdRlk i¼fr vkSj Hkkjrh; Lrjh; lfefr Åij crk;k x;k gS fpfdRlk i¼fr ds uke ls Hkh tkuk x;kA tSlk fd ^LokLF; losZ{k.k vkSj fd bl uohu fodkl lfefr Åij crk;k x;k gS fd bl uohu fpfdRlk i¼fr es a fpfdRlk i¼fr esa (1943&1946)* dh çeq[k :i ls ;wjksih; çeq[k :i ls ;wjksih; lSfudksa vkSj ;wjksih; ukxfjdksa LFkkiuk lj tkslsiQ lSfudksa vkSj ;wjksih; j dh vè;{krk esa] ds LokLF; fgrksa dk [;ky j[kk tkrk Fkk rFkk Hkks ukxfjdksa ds LokLF; fczVsu ds lq>ko ij fgrksa dk [;ky j[kk vfèkdka'k LokLF; fpfdRlk lqfo/k,a 'kgjh rFkk Hkkjr dh vaxzsth tkrk Fkk rFkk vf/ v/Z&'kgjh bykdksa esa gh fodflr dh xb±A budk ljdkj us dh (bls dka'k LokLF; Hkksj lfefr ds uke ykHk va x z s t ks a ds leFkZ d teha n kj rFkk cq t q Z v k oxZ rd fpfdRlk lqfo/k,a ls tkuk tkrk gS)A 'kgjh rFkk v/Z&'kgjh gh lhfer jgkA vke Hkkjrh;ksa dks bldk ykHk dsoy bl lfefr us viuh bykdksa esa gh fodflr egkekfj;ksa ds le; fczfV'k&jkt dks vkfFkZd uqdlku fjiksVZ esa crk;k fd dh xb±A budk ykHk Hkkjrh; LokLF; dh de jktLo olw y h vkS j mRiknu ls gks u s okyh gkfu vaxzstksa ds leFkZd fLFkfr larks"ktud tehankj rFkk cqtqZvk dks de djus ls cpkus ds fy, fn;k tkrk FkkA** ugha gS cfYd dbZ oxZ rd gh lhfer ekeyksa esa rks cgqr gh jgkA vke Hkkjrh;ksa dks bldk ykHk ncs&dqpys yksxksa dh ckr vkxs c<+h] n;uh; gSA dsoy egkekfj;ksa ds le; fczfV'k&jkt vkSj blh dk urhtk jgk fd ckcklkgsc Hkksj lfefr dh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj dks vkfFkZd uqdlku] de jktLo olwyh MkW- vEcsMdj us Hkh bl la?k"kZ esa viuh Hkkjr esa çR;sd o"kZ yk[kksa yksx fofHkUu vkSj de mRiknu ls gksus okyh gkfu ls rkdr >ksad nh] ftlds iQyLo:i mUgsa chekfj;ksa ls ej tkrs gSa] ftleas gStk] cpkus ds fy, fn;k tkrk FkkA Hkkjr dk lafoèkku fy[kus dk ekSdk pspd vkSj Iysx ls ejus okyksa dh ;gka ikBdksa dks ;g ;kn fnyk nsa gkfly gqvkA bl rjg ckcklkgsc MkW- la[;k dqy la[;k ds 40 çfr'kr~ ls Hkh fd ;g og le; Fkk tc iwjs ns'k esa vEcsMdj lfn;ksa ls oafpr yksxksa dks vf/d jgrh gSA lj Hkksj lfefr ds vktknh ds fy, la?k"kZ py jgk Fkk vkSj viuh tksjnkj igy ls laoSèkkfud gd fu"d"kks± ds vuqlkj cPpksa vkSj efgykvksa iwjk ns'k vaxzstksa dks ns'k ls ckgj fudkyus gkfly djkus esa dke;kc gq;sA ds LokLF; dh fLFkfr cnrj FkhA Hkkjr lkekftd U;k; lans'k
17
vizSy 2014
esa gksus okyh dqy ekSrksa esa ls 48 çfr'kr 10 o"kZ ls de vk;q okys cPpksa dk Fkk] tcfd baXySaM vkSj osYl esa ;g dsoy 10 iQhlnh FkkA blds vykok] ekr` e`R;q nj Hkkjr esa 20 çfr 1000 izlo Fkh] tcfd baXySaM esa 3 çfr 1000 izlo FkhA fjiksVZ esa e`R;q nj] f'k'kq e`R;q nj vkSj thou çR;k'kk nj dh fczfV'k Hkkjr vkSj vU; fodflr ns'kksa ds lkFk rqyuk dh xbZ vkSj irk pyk fd os Hkkjr esa dbZ xquk vf/d FksA rkfydk % fofHkUu ns'kksa ds lkFk Hkkjrh; e`R;q nj vkSj thou çR;k'kk dh rqyuk%& ns'k
e`R;q nj
f'k'kq e`R;q nj
U;wthySaM
9-1
31
uj 65-04
vkWLVªsfy;k
9-4
38
63-48
nf{k.k vizQhdk dukMk
10-1
37
57-78
10-2
76
59-33
baXySaM ,.M osYl bVyh
11-4
58
58-74
14-2
109
53-76
izQkal
15-0
65
54-30
tkiku
17-0
106
44-82
la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk teZuh
9-6
54
53-33
11-7
64
59-86
22-4
162
26-91
fczfV'k Hkkjr
thou izR;k'kk nj
eknk 67-88 (1931) 67-14 (1932&34) 61-48 (1925&27) 61-59 (1924&31) 62-88 (1930&32) 56-0 (1928&32 59-02 (1928&34) 46-54 (1926&30) 56-09 (1929&31) 62-75 (1932&34) 26-59 (1921&30)
lzksr% LokLF; losZ{k.k vkSj fodkl lfefr (Hkksj lfefr) dh fjiksVZ] 1946] Hkkjr ljdkjA vktknh ds le; [kjkc LokLF; uhfr;ksa ds dkj.k % Hkksj lfefr dh fjiksVZ ls irk pyrk gS fd vaxzst Hkkjr esa vk/qfud LokLF; lsokvksa dks vko';drkuqlkj fodflr ugha dj ik, tcfd ikjEifjd fpfdRlk i¼fr;ka laj{k.k ds vHkko esa foyqIr gks pqdh FkhaA ns'k esa dqy 47]400 MkWDVj vizSy 2014
miyC/ Fks] ftuesa ls dsoy 13]000 ljdkj vkSj vU; ,tsafl;ksa }kjk lapkfyr laLFkkuksa esa Fks] buesa 75 çfr'kr ls vf/d 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa Fks vkSj xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa budk forj.k cgqr de FkkA vkSlru çfr jksxh ds fy, 45 lsdaM lefiZr FksA fpfdRlk vkSj ufL±kx lgk;rk dh xq.koÙkk larks"ktud ugha FkhA 1000 Hkkjrh; vkcknh ds fy, fcLrj] MkWDVj vkSj ulZ dh miyC/rk la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk vkSj baXySaM ,.M osYl dh rqyuk esa dbZ xquk de FkhA bruk gh ugha Hkkjr esa 'kgjksa dh dqy tula[;k ds dsoy 6 çfr'kr~ dks iksVsZcy ikuh dh vkiwfrZ FkhA xzkeh.k {ks=kksa vkSj mHkjrs 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa ikuh dh vkiwfrZ iw.kZr% vYifodflr Fkh] tcfd dqy tula[;k dk 3 iQhlnh esa gh mfpr lhojst ç.kkyh FkhA iks"k.k] ftldk O;fDr vkSj leqnk; dh mRiknd {kerk ij lh/k çHkko iM+rk gS] cgqr de yksxksa dks çkIr FkkA vktknh ds iwoZ 75 çfr'kr ls vf/d 'kkjhfjd fodykaxrk] ikSf"Vd] i;kZIr] xq.kkRed vkSj ek=kkRed Hkkstu ds lkFk Bhd fd;k tk ldrk Fkk] fdUrq yksxksa esa Hkkstu [kjhnus dk lkeF;Z ugha Fkk D;ksafd mudh vkSlr vk; cgqr de FkhA lkekU; vkSj LokLF; f'k{kk dk ns'k esa iw.kZr% vHkko FkkA vke chekfj;ksa tSls&eysfj;k] Iysx] dq"B jksx] fueksfu;k] pspd] vaèkkiu] risfnd] ;kSu jksx] gStk] vka=k'kksFk] gqdoeZ vkfn dh O;kidrk Fkh tks fo'ks"k :i ls xjhc vkSj nfyr yksxksa dks vf/d çHkkfor djrs FksA LokLF; ns[kHkky vksj iks"k.k esa HksnHkko fczfV'k dky ls gh 'kq: gS % LokLF; lqfo/kvksa ds miHkksx esa O;fDrxr] èkkfeZd] tkfrxr] fyax vkSj {ks=kh; vlekurk o"kks± ls dk;e FkhA ;g ns[kk x;k gS fd ,d gh ns'k esa LokLF; ds ekeys esa yksx nks vyx&vyx nqfu;kvksa esa jgrs FksA xjhc] fiNM+s] vuqlwfpr tkfr@ vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds yksx dqiks"k.k vkSj 18
fofHkUu jksxksa dk dbZ xquk T;knk cks> lgu dj jgs FksA os lekt ds vU; lewgksa dh rqyuk esa lkoZtfud lqfo/kvksa ij fuHkZj FksA fczfV'k ljdkj lekt ds bu lewgksa ds LokLF; esa lq/kj ds fy, mRlqd ugha FkhA efgyk LokLF; dh fLFkfr Hkh fczfV'k Hkkjr esa cgqr [kjkc FkhA mudks vi;kZIr LokLF; ns[kHkky vkSj iks"k.k ds lkFk&lkFk HksnHkko vkSj fgalk dk Hkh lkeuk djuk iM+rk Fkk] ;gk¡ rd fd efgykvksa ds fy, LokLF; lsok;sa çnku djus ds fy, fo'ks"k :i ls vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa@vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa] vU; fiNM+s leqnk;ksa] detksj oxks±] vYila[;dksa vkSj xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa vukSipkfjd vkSj vlaxfBr {ks=k esa dkedkth efgykvksa esa deh Fkh] os dkiQh gn rd lkekftd O;oLFkk ls ckgj FkhA blfy, lj Hkksj lfefr us jksxksa dh jksdFkke vkSj mipkj ds fy, vko';d lqfo/kvksa ds lkFk ldkjkRed LokLF; dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, lHkh ukxfjdksa dks viuh {kerk ds ckotwn ,d laxfBr LokLF; lsok ds çko/ku dh ckr dghA Hkksj lfefr us fcuk fdlh HksnHkko ds lHkh dks leku vkSj i;kZIr LokLF; lsok;sa çnku djus gsrq dqN egRoiw.kZ lq>ko fn,A Hkksj lfefr us lq>ko fn;k fd jkT; dks LokLF; lsok,a çnku djus dh ftEesnkjh vius gkFkksa esa ysuh pkfg, vkSj LokLF; lsok,a çnku djus okys futh {ks=k dks [kRe dj nsuk pkfg,A lHkh dks csgrj vkSj i;kZIr LokLF; lsok,a fcuk fdlh HksnHkko ds muds utnhd çnku dh tkuh pkfg,] lkFk gh dksbZ Hkh O;fDr ,slk ugha gksuk pkfg, tks iSls ds vHkko esa LokLF; lsokvksa ds ykHk ls oafpr jgsA LokLF; fodkl ;kstuk dks jk"Vªh; fodkl dh ;kstuk dk çeq[k vax gksuk pkfg, vkSj ljdkjh jktLo dks blds fodkl esa yxkuk pkfg,A blds fy, dqy thMhih dk de ls de 5 çfr'kr~ djuk gksxkA lkekftd U;k; lans'k
Hkksj lfefr ds lkjs lq>ko fo'o LokLF; laxBu ds lq>koksa ls feyrs&tqyrs FksA Mk-W ch- vkj- vEcMsdj dk LokLF;& lsokvksa ds fodkl esa ;ksxnku Hkksj lfefr ds lq>ko vaxzsth 'kklu ds fy, Fks fdUrq vktkn Hkkjr vkSj ml le; ds Hkkjrh;ksa esa Hkkjr esa MkW- chvkjvEcsMdj ,d ek=k ,sls O;fDr Fks tks fofHkUu ys[kksa] oxksaZ vkSj laln esa cgl ds ekè;e ls rkfdZd rjhds ls ;s le>kus esa l{ke Fks fd lHkh dk mÙke LokLF;] ns'k esa 'kkafr] lekurk] vkSj fodkl ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gSA mUgksaus lkoZtfud LokLF; ds egRo dks le>rs gq, lafoèkku ds ekè;e ls lHkh ds fy, fcuk fdlh HksnHkko ds lqj{kk vkSj LokLF; ds vf/ dkj dh iwfrZ lqfuf'pr djus ds fy,] vuqPNsn 14 ,oa 15 ds rgr~ ,d ekSfyd vf/dkj fn;k vkSj vuqPNsn 21 esa thou ds fy, vf/dkj] lekurk vkSj fcuk HksnHkko] vuqPNsn 17 esa vLi`';rk mUewyu ds rgr~ dqN çklafxd ekSfyd vf/dkjksa ds lkFk&lkFk vuqPNsn 23 esa ekuo rLdjh vkSj jkstxkj ds fy, etcwj djuk fu"ks/] vuqPNsn 24 dkj[kkuksa esa cPpksa ds jkstxkj dk fu"ks/] dke ds ?kaVs vkSj LokLF; lsok,a vkfnA jkT; ds uhfr&funsZ'kd
fl¼karksa ds rgr~ lqfo/kvksa vkSj voljksa dh vlekurk dks [kRe djus vuqPNsn 38] lHkh Jfedksa] iq#"kksa] efgykvksa ds LokLF; ds :i esa lkoZtfud LokLF; dh fLFkfr miyCèk djkus ds fy, ç;kl djus vkSj cPpksa ds fy, vuqPNsn 39] ekr`Ro jkgr vuqPNsn 42] ekuoh; fLFkfr;ksa] f'k{kk] dke vkSj dqN ekeyksa esa lkoZtfud
MkW- vEcMsdj lafoèkku ds fofHkUu [kaMkas ds ekè;e ls Hkksj lfefr dh fjiksVZ esa of.kZr lHkh çeq[k leL;kvksas dk lekèkku djus esas l{ke lkfcr gq, A lgk;rk ds fy, vuqPNsn 41] lgh iks"k.k ds Lrj vkSj thou Lrj esa lq/ kj vuqPNsn 47] j{kk vkSj i;kZoj.k vuqPNsn 48, esa lq/kj] vkSj dqN lgorhZ çR;sd ukxfjd] efgykvksa dh xfjek ds fy, viekutud çFkkvksa vkfn dks jí djuk] vkSj thou j{kk ds fy, vkSj çkd`frd i;kZoj.k esa lq/kj ds fy, vuqPNsn 51 vkfn tSls vusd
çeq[k fo"k;ksa dks lafoèkku esa 'kkfey djds u fliQZ mUgsa egRo fn;k] cfYd budh tks xkjaVh Hkkjr esa Hkksj lfefr fjiksVZ vkSj fo'o LokLF; laxBu ugha ns ik, Fks mudh xkjaVh çnku dhA MkWvEcsMdj lafo/ku ds fofHkUu [kaMksa ds ekè;e ls Hkksj lfefr dh fjiksVZ esa of.kZr lHkh çeq[k leL;kvksa dk lekèkku djus esa l{ke lkfcr gq, A tkrh; lekurk vkSj lkekftd U;k; dk mudk fopkj O;fDr ds ekufld vkSj lkekftd LokLF; ds fy, ekSfyd gSA bl çdkj MkW- chvkj- vEcsMdj dks ekuo ds lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd mRiknd thou ds fy, iw.kZ LokLF; çkIr djus ds fy, vkSj fo'o LokLF; laxBu }kjk of.kZr LokLF; leL;kvksa dks gy djus esa ,d egku~ nwjn'khZ dgk tk ldrk gSA bruk gh ugha vktdy LokLF; lqfoèkkvksa ds fy, py jgs vf/dkj vkanksyu dks u fliQZ mudh gh nwjnf'kZrk dk ifj.kke ekuk tk jgk gS] cfYd bls muds laoSèkkfud çkfo/ kuksa ls gh 'kfDr fey jgh gS] ftlds fy, Hkkjroklh ges'kk muds vkHkkjh jgsaxsA (ys[kd }; loZ Jh dqekj] fnYyh fo-fo- esa ih-,p-Mh- LdkWyj gSa o MkW- fd'kksj] ekSykuk vktkn esfMdy dkyst esa izksiQslj gSa)
^^vkidks vius y{; dh ifo=krk esa vfMx fo'okl gksuk pkfg,A vkidk mís'; egku ,oa mPp gSA vkidk fe'ku xkSjoe; gSA èkU; gSa os yksx tks bu yksxksa ds izfr drZO;fu"B gSa] ftlesa mudk tUe gqvk gSA xkSjo'kkyh gSa os tks nklrk esa tdM+s gq, yksxksa dh Lora=krk ds fy, egku ladVksa] ân; fonkjd viekuksa] rwiQkuksa vkSj tksf[keksa ds gksrs gq, Hkh rc rd viuk la?k"kZ tkjh j[krs gSa tc rd nfyr o 'kksf"kr tu vius ekuoh; vfèkdkjksa dks izkIr ugha dj ysrsA** &MkW- ch-vkj- vEcsMdj lkekftd U;k; lans'k
19
vizSy 2014
ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj vkSj lkekftd U;k;
MkW-
vEcsMdj dk tUe 14 vçSy] 1891 dks egw Nkouh (eè; çns'k) esa lwcsnkj jketh ldiky ds ?kj gqvk FkkA fo'o ds lkekftd Økafrdkfj;ksa dh Js.kh esa vxz.kh jgs bl egku ;qx iq#"k us Hkkjro"kZ esa çpfyr gtkjksa o"kks± ls pyh vk jgh lkekftd&dqjhfr;ksa ,oa lkekftd&vU;k; dks tM+ ls lekIr dj gtkjksa o"kks± ls =kflr in~nfyrksa vkSj viekfur vLi`';ksa dks lkekftd U;k; fnyk;kA MkW- vEcsMdj ns'kokfl;ksa dks lerk] Lora=krk ,oa cUèkqRo ds vkn'kks± dk ekxZ fn[kkdj oxZfoghu ,oa tkfrfoghu vkn'kZ lekt dh LFkkiuk ds mís'; ls ?kksj fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa thou&i;ZUr dM+k la?k"kZ fd;kA ckcklkgsc us Hkkjrh; bfrgkl] vFkZ'kkL=k] lekt'kkL=k jktuhfr'kkL=k] ekuo'kkL=k] n'kZu'kkL=k] dkuwu vkfn fo"k;ksa dk xgu vè;;u fd;kA lekt esa çpfyr dqjhfr;ksa dks mUgksaus ns[kk gh ugha vfirq Lo;a >syk] muds ckjs esa lkspk vkSj n`<+ fu'p; djds muds fo#¼ foæksg fd;kA ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj us vius thou ds vUr rd vuojr la?k"kZ ds ckn ns'k dks crk;k fd ;fn ;s lkekftd dqjhfr;ka nwj ugha gqbZa rks Hkkjr Hkfo"; esa fdrus VqdM+ksa esa caVsxk vkSj bldk D;k Lo:i gksxk ;g vuqeku ugha yxk;k tk ldrkA MkW- vEcsMdj us mPp f'k{kk çkIr djus ds ckn ns'k esa O;kIr bl lkekftd vU;k; ds jgL; dks le>k fd vkfFkZd ,oa jktuSfrd Lora=krk rc rd O;FkZ vizSy 2014
fuyhek ds- rkdlkaMs gksxh tc rd fd lekt esa lkekftd U;k; O;kIr u gksA MkW- vEcsMdj dh lkekftd U;k; dh /kj.kk MkW- vEcsMdj dk lEiw.kZ thou (1891&1956) la?k"kZ rFkk lkekftd vU;k; ds fo:¼ lkekftd U;k; dh [kkst dh ,d thoUr xkFkk gS] vkSj bl la?k"kZ esa mUgsa liQyrk Hkh feyhA os lafoèkku lHkk dh çk:i lfefr ds vè;{k vkSj Hkkjr ds fof/ ea=kh cusA MkWvEcsMdj dh ekU;rk Fkh fd lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd yksdra=k ds fcuk jktuSfrd yksdra=k v/wjk gSA lafo/ku lHkk esa 29 vçSy 1947 dks ljnkj oYyHkHkkbZ iVsy ds çLrko dks Lohdkj dj lafo/ku lHkk us u dsoy vLi`';rk dks dkuwuh :i ls lekIr djus dh ?kks"k.kk gh ugha dh cfYd bldks naMuh; vijk/ Hkh djkj fn;kA bl fu.kZ; dks Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dk xkSjo'kkyh vè;k; crkrs gq, lkjs lalkj esa bldh eqDr daB ls ça'klk dh xbZA ckcklkgsc MkW- Hkhejko vEcsMdj tc lkekftd ØkfUr ds {ks=k esa dwns rks og Hkkjro"kZ ds mPp f'k{kk çkIr fd;s O;fDr Fks ftUgksaus ns'kh ,oa fons'kh mikfèk;ka çkIr dh FkhA mudk O;fDrRo lalkj ds egku~ iq#"kksa ds O;fDrRo dk feJ.k FkkA muds O;fDrRo esa lalkj ds egku~ lkekftd ØkafUrdkjh T;ksfrck iQwys tSls ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ds fopkj lekfgr Fks] rks xkSre cq¼ tSlh /kfedZ &ØkfUr dk n`<+ fu'p; FkkA MkW vEcsMdj us dbZ o"kks± rd tutkxj.k ds fofHkUu ekè;eksa ls lekt esa tkx`fr ykdj 20
loZ çFke ^egkM+ rkykc dk vkUnksyu* çkjEHk fd;k tgk¡ lfn;ksa ls in nfyrksa dks bl rkykc dk ikuh ihus ds fy;s Hkh ugha fey ikrk FkkA blh ds lkFk ckcklkgsc }kjk fd;k x;k ^dkykjke efUnj dk vkUnksyu* Hkh lkekftd ØkfUr ds bfrgkl esa Lej.kh; jgsxkA 1931 ls 1933 rd yUnu esa gqbZ rhuksa xksyest ØkWUiQsalksa dh ppkZ rks cgqr gh mYys[kuh; gS tgk¡ ckcklkgsc us ,d vksj rks ns'k dh Lora=krk gsrq çHkkoh <ax ls odkyr dh vkSj nwljh vksj Hkkjr dh ekuo vf/dkj foghu turk dks lkekftd U;k; fnykus gsrq oSf'od Lrj ij loZçFke lgh fLFkfr dk o.kZu fd;kA ckcklkgsc us vius thou ds lHkh :iksa esa] tc og fo|kFkhZ jgs] tc odhy jgs] vFkok tc ea=kh jgs lnSo lkekftd vU;k;ksa ds fo:¼ n`<+ fo'okl ds lkFk yM+rs jgsA efgyk&lekt dks lkekftd U;k; fnykus dh lo çFke ckr ckcklkgsc us gh fganw&dksM&fcy dks rS;kj djds dh] tks fd vkt ns'k esa vyx&vyx dkuwuksa }kjk ykxw fd;k x;k gS ftlls lfn;ksa ls vf/dkj foghu ,oe~ viekfur efgyk lekt dks leku vfèkdkjksa ds :i esa lkekftd U;k; feyk gSA ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj }kjk fyf[kr lafoèkku esa fufgr ekuorkoknh vf/dkjksa dh O;oLFkk us lkekftd vU;k; ds fl¼kUrksa dks tM+ ls m[kkM+ iQsadkA mlds lafoèkku ds ewy rRo lerk] LorU=krk] cU/qRo] U;k;] ykSfdd&uSfrdrk rFkk ns'k dh ,drk vkSj v[k.Mrk gaS ftUgsa ge lkekftd&U;k; ds fl¼kUr dg ldrs lkekftd U;k; lans'k
gSaA ;s lHkh ckrsa vkn'kZ lekt dh LFkkiuk ds fy, vko';d gh ugha cfYd vfuok;Z gSa tks ns'k dh ,drk ,oa v[k.Mrk dks cuk, j[ksxhA Hkkjrh; lafo/ku dh izLrkouk (fç,Ecy) viuh LFkkiuk ds fnu 26 tuojh 1950 ls gh lHkh tkfr;ksa] iaFkksa vkSj leqnk;ksa ds yksxksa esa ;g Hkkouk tkxzr dj jgk gS fd ;gka ds leLr ukxfjdksa dks lkekftd] vkfFkZd] jktuSfrd] U;k;] fopkj] vfHkO;fDr] fo'okl] /eZ ,oa mikluk dh LorU=krk] çfr"Bk rFkk volj dh lekurk] lqyHk ,oa lqjf{kr gks] vkSj mu lHkh ds chp O;fDr dh xfjek vkSj ns'k dh ,drk& v[k.Mrk lqfuf'pr djus okyh cU/qrk dks c<+k;k tk, vkSj lkFk gh Hkkjr dks ,d lEiw.kZ çHkqRo&lEiUu lektoknh iaFk&fujis{k yksdrU=kkRed x.kjkT; cuk;k tk,A ;g u;s lekt dk |ksrd gS] ftlds vk/kjHkwr rRo U;k;] LorU=krk] lerk vkSj cU/qRo gSA bUgha dks çHkkoh cukus ds fy,] Hkkjr dk lafo/ku vius iw.kZ Lo:i ,oa çkfo/kuksa lfgr ,d ^lkekftd fl¼kar* gS tks vusd çFkkvksa rFkk iaFkksa dk fu"ks/ djrk gS vkSj lkFk gh u;s lanHkZ esa ekuooknh ewY;ksa dh LFkkiuk Hkh djrk gSA lafo/ku esa ekSfyd vf/dkjksa dk ,slk çkfo/ku gS fd ;fn fdlh ukxfjd ds vf/dkjksa dk dksbZ O;fDr] laLFkk ;k jkT; mYya?ku djrk gS rks mls U;k;ky; esa pqukSrh nh tk ldrh gSA lHkh Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksa ds fy, ;s ekSfyd vf/dkj leku gSaA lafo/ku ukxfjdksa dks lerk dk vf/dkj] LorU=krk dk vf/dkj] 'kks"k.k ds fo:¼ vf/dkj] /eZ dh LorU=krk dk vf/dkj] laLd`fr vkSj f'k{kk lEcUèkh vf/dkj] laoS/kfud mipkjksa dk vfèkdkj vU; ,sls dbZ vf/dkj nsrk gSA bu lkekftd U;k; lans'k
vfèkdkjksa esa mu ekuooknh ewY;ksa dh çèkkurk gS tks lkekftd U;k; ds lkj&rRo dks çnf'kZr djrs gSaA MkW- vEcsMdj dh d`fr;ksa esa ,sfufgys'ku vkWiQ dkLV (tkfrizFkk dk mUewyu) 1936] gw oj n 'kwækt \ ('kwæ dkSu Fks \) 1946] n vuVpscy (vLi`'; dkSu vkSj dSls \) 1948] vkSj cq¼k ,.M fgt /Eek (cq¼ vkSj mudk /Ee) 1957] fo'ks"k :i ls çfl¼ gSaA bu d`fr;ksa esa ekuo lekurk ds çfr MkW- vEcsMdj ds xgjs lkekftd&lkaLd`frd ljksdkj dh >yd feyrh gSA mUgksaus fo'ks"k :i ls vLi`'; tkfr;ksa dks vekuoh; thou ls eqDr djkus vkSj mUgsa ekuoksfpr xfjek çnku djus ds fy, fujarj ç;Ru fd;kA blds vykok mUgksaus ledkyhu Hkkjr esa yksdra=k dh leL;k dk xgu fo'ys"k.k j[kk vkSj laoS/kfud fof/ dh ojs.;rk ij Hkh foLr`r çdk'k MkykA lkekftd U;k; dh leL;k fuLlansg MkW- vEcsMdj ds fparu dk lcls çeq[k fo"k; gS] vkSj bl y{; iwfrZ ds fy, mUgksaus dkiQh dM+h esgur dhA MkW- vEcsMdj dh lkekftd U;k; dh /kj.kk ,d ,slh thou i¼fr gS ftlds vuqlkj lekt ds çR;sd O;fDr dks mfpr LFkku feyuk pkfg,A ysfdu mfpr LFkku dk eryc ;gk¡ tUe vkèkkfjr lkekftd çfr"Bk ugha gSA bldk lh/k vFkZ og ;ksX;rk ;k xq.k gS ftlds vuqlkj fdlh dks lgh&lgh lkekftd çfr"Bk feysA MkW- vEcsMdj dh lkekftd /kj.kk ds eq[; rRo bl çdkj gSa& lEekuiwoZd jgsa vkSj jgus nsa] lHkh dks eku&lEeku feys] fdlh ds çfr fgalk u dh tk,] LFkkbZ vFkok rFkkdfFkr LokHkkfod oxks± esa ckaVs fcuk çR;sd dks viuk foosdiw.kZ fgLlk feys] laoS/kfud 'kklu ds çfr fu"BkiwoZd jguk] fof/ ds le{k lerk] leku vf/dkjksa dh Lohd`fr] 21
laoS/kfud drZO;ksa dk fuokZg] lkekftd nkf;Roksa vkSj fof/d drZO;ksa dh vuqikyuk] csxkj rFkk Hkq[kejh ls cpko] dqN çkFkfedrkvksa lfgr lHkh dks leku voljksa dh lqyHkrk] lEifÙk&f'k{kk dh miyC/rk vkSj vUrr% U;k;] Lora=krk] lerk] Hkzkr`Ro rFkk jk"Vªh; ,drk lfgr ekuo O;fDrRo dh xfjekA MkW- vEcsMdj dh n`f"V esa] lkekftd U;k; ds fl¼kar dk lh/k lEcU/ Hkkjr dh v[k.Mrk ls gS] vFkkZr~ bl ekr`Hkwfe esa jgus okys lHkh ukxfjd HkkbZ&HkkbZ gSa] pkgs os fganw] eqfLye] fl[k] bZlkbZ] ckS¼] tSu] ;gwnh rFkk ikjlh gksaA bl çdkj ckcklkgsc vEcsMdj ds vuqlkj lkekftd U;k; dk fopkj yksxksa esa ek=k jk"Vªh; HkkSfrd ykHkksa dk U;k;ksfpr forj.k gh ugha gS] vfirq og ewyr% ,slh thou i¼fr dk leFkZd gS tks ikjLifjd eku&lEeku] eS=kh Hkko] leku ukxfjd gksus dh mRd.Bk] jk"Vªh; thou ds lHkh {ks=k esa U;k;ksfpr Hkkxhnkjh vkfn ij vkèkkfjr gksA vr% lkekftd U;k; dk ekun.M ek=k HkkSfrd çxfr ugha gS] ek=k 'kkjhfjd Hkw[k I;kl feVk nsuk ugha gS] dqN lq[k&lqfo/k,a ;k ljdkjh ukSdfj;ka nsuk gh ugha gS] cfYd buls Hkh vf/d egRoiw.kZ i{k ;g gS fd Hkkjr ds ukxfjdksa vFkok lHkh oxks± vkSj èkeks± ds yksxksa ds chp mu ekuo ewY;ksa rFkk vk/kjksa dh cgqyrk gS ftuls lekt dh O;oLFkk U;k;ksfpr cus vkSj jk"Vªh; thou lerk o lejlrk dh fn'kk esa vfHko`f¼ gksA lanHkZ xzaFk lwph %
1- lkekftd U;k; ds ltx çgjh MkWvEcsMdj funsZ'ku MkW-e-yk-'kgkjsA 2- U;k; ds fofo/ vk;ke- MkW- ds-,p oklfudA 3- lkekftd U;k; dk fl¼kUr] MkW- Mh vkj tkVoA 4- ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj nfyr ,oa vkfnoklh vè;;u dsUnz (ysf[kdk egkRek xka/h varjjk"Vªh; fgUnh fo'ofo|ky;] o/kZ esa 'kksèkkFkhZ gSa)
vizSy 2014
lafo/ku ds dqN igyqvksa ij ,d ut+j MkW- ,l-,y-èkuh
Hkk
jrh; lafo/ku ds eq[; fuekZrk ckcklkgsc MkW- Hkhejko vEcsMdj FksA lafo/ku ds }kjk Hkkjrh; lekt ls fu"dkflr vLi`';ksa] vn'kZfu;ksa vkSj vkt ds nfyrksa dks lekt dk ,d vfHkUu vax Lohdkj fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj bl lekt ds lHkh NksVs cM+s izkf.k;ksa dks ekuoh; vfèkdkj fnyk, x,] mudks vU; lewgksa ds vuqlkj gh ns'k ds 'kkld oxks± esa 'kkfey fd;k x;kA ftl frfFk dks ;g ØkfUrdkjh ?kVuk ?kfVr gqbZ Fkh og Fkh 26 tuojh 1950A ;g fopkj.kh; gS fd ckcklkgsc dks ns'k dh bruh cM+h vkSj vHkwriwoZ lsok dk;ksZa dk laiknu djsaxh tks la?kh; djus ds ckotwn mUgsa Hkkjr jRu dh ljdkj dks ugha nh xbZaA loksZPp mikf/ lafo/ku ds ykxw gksus ds 41 o"kZ Ik'pkr~ vkSj muds ifjfuokZ.k ds lafo/ku ljdkj dh 35 o"kZ i'pkr~ nh xbZ FkhA bl mikf/ dk muls cM+k vf/dkjh fuf'pr :i esa dksbZ 'kfDr;ksa dks fu;af=kr djus vU; Hkkjrh; ugha gS fiQj Hkh bl okLrfodrk dks Lohdkj djus esa ns'k dks okys fu;eksa vkSj dkuwuksa bruk le; yxkA ;g iz'u vuqla/ku dk dk gh uke ugha gSA og fo"k; gSA Hkkjrh; lafo/ku cukus ds ckjs esa ljdkj dks ,slh 'kfDr;k¡ igys ,d mís'; izLrko ikfjr gqvk FkkA Hkh nsrk gS ftlls og ml izLrko ds eq[; fcUnq bl izdkj gSa& • Hkkjr ,d Lora=k] laizHkq x.kjkT; gSA lekt dh lkewfgd HkykbZ • Hkkjr fczVsu ds vf/dkj esa vkus okys ds fy, dke dj ldsA Hkkjrh; {ks=kksa] ns'kh fj;klrksa vkSj ns'kh fj;klrksa ds ckgj ds ,sls {ks=k tks • laizHkq vkSj Lora=k Hkkjr rFkk blds gekjs la?k dk vax cuuk pkgrs gSa] lafo/ku dh leLr 'kfDr;ksa vkSj dk ,d la?k gksxkA lÙkk dk lzksr turk gSA • la?k dh bdkbZ;ka Lok;Ùk gksaxh vkSj • Hkkjr ds lHkh yksxksa dks lkekftd] mu lHkh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx vkSj vizSy 2014
22
vkfFZkd] vkSj jktuhfrd U;k; dkuwu ds le{k lekurk] izfr"Bk vkSj volj dh lekurk rFkk dkuwu vkSj lkoZtfud uSfrdrk dh lhekvksa esa jgrs gq, Hkk"k.k] vfHkO;fDr] fo'okl] /eZ] mikluk] O;olk;] laxBuA vkSj dk;Z djus dh ekSfyd Lora=krk dh xkjaVh vkSj lqj{kk nh tk;sxhA • vYila[;dksa] fiNM+s o tutkrh; {ks=k] nfyr o vU; fiNMs+ oxks± dks leqfpr lqj{kk nh tk,xhA • x.kjkT; dh {ks=kh; v[k.Mrk rFkk Fky] ty] vkSj vkdk'k esa blds laizHkq vf/dkjksa dh j{kk lH; jk"Vªksa ds dkuwu vkSj U;k; ds vuqlkj dh tk,xhA • fo'o 'kkfUr vkSj ekuo dY;k.k ds fodkl ds fy, ns'k LosPNk iwoZd vkSj iw.kZ ;ksxnku nsxkA lafo/ku ls vis{kk,¡ lafo/ku dk igyk dke ;g gS fd og cqfu;knh fu;eksa dk ,d ,slk lewg miyC/ djk, ftlls lekt ds lnL;ksa esas ,d U;wure leUo; vkSj fo'okl cuk jgsA lafo/ku dk nwljk dk;Z bl ckr dks Li"V djuk gS fd lekt esa iQSlyk ysus dh 'kfDr fdlds ikl gksxhA lafo/ku ;g Hkh fu/kZfjr djrk gS fd ljdkj fdl izdkj fufeZr gksxhA vr% lafo/ku dk rhljk dk;Z ;g gS fd og ljdkj ds ekè;e ls vius ukxfjdksa ij ykxw fd;s tkus okys dkuwuksa dh dksbZ lhek fu/kZfjr djsA ;s lhek,¡ bl :i esa ekSfyd gksrh gSa fd ljdkj Hkh mu dkuwuksa dk mYya?ku lkekftd U;k; lans'k
ugha dj ldrhA rFkk lafo/ku dk pkSFkk dk;Z ;g gS fd og ljdkj dks ,slh {kerk ns ftlls og turk dh bPNkvksa dh iwfrZ dj lds vkSj ,d U;k;iw.kZ lekt dh LFkkiuk gsrq mfpr ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk fuekZ.k dj ldsA lafo/ku dks leFkZ cukus okys izkoèkku lafo/ku ljdkj dh 'kfDr;ksa dks fu;af=kr djus okys fu;eksa vkSj dkuwuksa dk gh uke ugha gSA og ljdkj dks ,slh 'kfDr;k¡ Hkh nsrk gS ftlls og lekt dh lkewfgd HkykbZ ds fy;s dke dj ldsA vafre rFkk laHkor;k lcls vge~ ckr ;g gS fd lafo/ku fdlh lekt dh cqfu;knh igpku gksrk gSA bldk eryc ;g gS fd lafo/ku ds }kjk gh fdlh lekt dh ,d lkewfgd bdkbZ ds :i esa igpku gksrh gSA bl lkewfgd igpku ds fuekZ.k gsrq ukxfjdksa dks bl laca/ esa dqN cqfu;knh fu;eksa ij lger gksuk iM+rk gS fd mu ij 'kklu fdl izdkj gksxk vkSj dkSu&dkSu ls yksx 'kkflrksa esa lfEefyr gksaxsA lafo/ku cuus ls igys lekt esa nwljh fofHkUu rjg dh igpku ;k vfLerk,¡ gksrh gSaA ijUrq dqN cqfu;knh fu;eksa vkSj fl¼karksa ij lger gksdj lafo/ku fuekZrk viuh ewyHkwr jktuhfrd igpku cukrs gSaA nwljs laoS/kfud fu;e lekt dks ,d ,slk fo'kky <k¡pk nsrk gS ftlds varxZr~ lekt viuh O;fDrxr vkdka{kkvksa] y{;ksa vkSj Lora=krkvksa dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA lafo/ku vkfèkdkfjd ca/u yxk dj ;g r; dj nsrk gS fd dksbZ D;k dj ldrk gS vkSj D;k ughaA vr% lafo/ku gesa ,d uSfrd igpku Hkh nsrk gSA rhljh rFkk vkf[kjh ckr ;g gS fd vc 'kk;n ;g lEHko gks ldk gS fd fofHkUu cqfu;knh jktuhfrd vkSj uSfrd lkekftd U;k; lans'k
fu;e fo'o ds lHkh rjg ds lafo/kuksa esa Lohd`r fd;s x;s gSaA lafo/ku dh Hkwfedk lafo/ku dh Hkwfedk esa dgk x;k gS fd Hkkjr ds yksxksa dk ;g izLrko gS fd Hkkjr ds lHkh ukxfjdksa o Hkkjr dks laizHkqrk okys lkekftd] /eZ fujis{k rFkk iztkrkfU=kd x.kra=k cukrs gSa vkSj os lHkh ukxfjdksa ds fy;s lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuSfrd U;k;] fopkj] ekU;rk vkSj miluk vkfn ds ekeys esa mnkjrk] HkkbZpkjk lEcU/h vf/dkj vkSj gj ,d O;fDr ds fy;s xoZ vkSj ns'k esa ,drk Hkh lqfuf'pr djrs gSaA Hkkjrh; lafo/ku 26 uoEcj 1949 dks vaxhd`r fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj 26 tuojh 1950 ls ykxw fd;k x;kA thoUr nLrkost ;g lafo/ku ,d thoUr nLrkost gSA bldh fuEu dsUnzh; fo'ks"krk,a bls thoUr cukrh gaS% • dkuwuh izko/ku vkSj lkaLFkkfud& O;oLFkk lekt dh vko';drk rFkk lekt }kjk viuk;s x, n'kZu ij vk/kfjr gSaA 23
• lafo/ku dks le; dh t:jrksa ds vuqlkj la'kksf/r fd;k tk ldrk gSA blesa cgqr la'kks/u fd;s tk pqds gSa ijUrq bldk ewy :i vc Hkh fo|eku gSA • bldh j{kk ,oa O;k[;k esa U;k;ikfydk dh vge Hkwfedk jgh gSA • blesa cnyh gqbZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuqlkj ifjorZu fd;k tk ldrk gS] ysfdu bldh ewy Hkkouk ds lkFk dksbZ NsM+&NkM+ ugha dh tk ldrhA orZeku lafo/ku ds vUrxZr ljdkj dh 'kfDr;ksa dh ;s lhek;sa fu/kZfjr gSa% (I) ljdkj fdlh Hkh ukxfjd dks fdlh /eZ dk ikyu djus ;k u djus dh vkKk ugha ns ldrhA (II) ljdkj dk ;g drZO; gS fd og vk; vkSj laifÙk dh vlekurk dks de djus dk iz;kl djsA (III) jk"Vªifr ds ikl iz/kuea=kh dks fu;qDr djus dh 'kfDr gSA (IV) lafo/ku og loksZPp dkuwu gS ftldk lHkh dks ikyu djuk vizSy 2014
iM+rk gSA lafo/ku ls ykHk • lekt ds lnL;ksa esas ,d U;wure leUo; vkSj fo'okl cuk jgsA • lekt esa iQSlyk ysus dh 'kfDr fdlds ikl gksxhA • turk dh bPNkvksa dh iwfrZ dj ldsA • U;k;iw.kZ lekt dh LFkkiuk gks ldsA • lekt dh lkewfgd HkykbZ ds fy, dke dj ldsA • lafo/ku fdlh lekt dh cqfu;knh igpku gksrk gSA • lafo/ku cuus ls igys lekt esa nwljs fofHkUu rjg dh igpku ;k vfLerk,¡ gksrh gSaA • cqfu;knh jktuhfrd vkSj uSfrd fu;e ,slk ugha gS fd bl ;k ml fn'kk esa dqN Hkh ugh a fd;k tk ldk gS ijUrq iz'u ;g gS fd tks dqN fd;k tk pqdk gS mlls okLrfod ykHk fdldk gqvk gSA vxj vki vius vkl&ikl >kadsa rks ;g vanktk yxkuk eqf'dy ugha gksxk fd ;fn vizSy 2014
fiNM+s oxks± dks 100 #i;ksa dk ykHk gqvk gS rks vxM+s oxks± dks 10]000 #i;ksa dk ykHk gqvk gSA blds mnkgj.k Lo:i izkd`frd vkinkvksa dks gh ysaA fiNM+s oxks± dks rks vuqnku budh etnwjh ds vuqikr esa feyrk gS ijUrq vxM+ksa dks mudh lkèkkj.k vk; ds lk/uksa dks è;ku esa j[k dj gtkjksa xq.kk jkf'k Lohd`r dh tkrh gSA D;k blls bUdkj fd;k tk ldrk gS fd blds ihNs uhfr fuekZrkvksa dk ;g iz;kl jgrk gS fd buds fdlh Hkh dne ls ijEijkxr vlekurk esa jÙkh Hkj Hkh vUrj ugha iM+uk pkfg,A eSaus viuh iqLrd ^^bafM;u izQhMe LVªxy_ U;w bUlkbZV ,.M MkW- ch vkjvEcsMdj esu vkWiQ feysfu;e iQkWj lks'ky tfLVl dV~Vjoknh lkeafr;ksa us ml le; lafo/ku esa la'kks/u djds vejhdk ds leku jk"Vªifr 'kklu iz.kkyh viukus ds tksjnkj iz;kl fd;s FksA esjs fopkj esa ml iz;kl dk eq[; vk'k; ;g Fkk fd blds ckn lafo/ku ls vkj{k.k lEcU/h izkfo/kuksa dks gVkuk vklku gks tk;sxkA blh izdkj tc nfyrksa esa ls ,d 24
jk"Vªifr cus rks dV~Vjoknh euqokfn;ksa us ,d ubZ cgl ;g NsM+ nh fd lafo/ku iQsy gks x;k gS blfy;s bldks cny fn;k tk;sA bl ij rRdkyhu egkefge jk"Vªifr th dks ;g iwNuk iM+k Fkk fd lafo/ku iQsy gks x;k ;k bldks geus iQsy fd;k gS \ [kSj! Hkkjrh; lafo/ku vPNk gS ;k cqjk gS] bldk mÙkj rks Lkkspus okys ij fuHkZj djrk gS ysfdu 'kk;n ;g dguk ;qfDr;qDr gksxk fd LokFkhZ] neudkjh vkSj 'kks"kd o.kZ O;oLFkk ds leFkZd vUèkHkDrksa ds fy;s rks ;g ,d gkFkh ds leku fHkUu&fHkUu vFkZ gh j[krk jgsxkA fiQj Hkh bldk orZeku :i esa gksuk Hkh ge nfyrksa ds fy;s vPNk gh gSA ysfdu pwafd blesa vU;k;iw.kZ iwuk iSDV dk lekos'k gSA blfy, euqoknh ekufldrk okys gqDejku gekjh rjDdh vkSj fodkl esa lnk ck/k igq¡pkrs jgsaxsA blfy, nfyr fojks/h :i ls NqVdkjk ikus ds fy, ge yksxksa dks ,d vkSj lkbysaV fjoksY;q'ku ykuh gksxhA rHkh ;g lEHko gksxk fd gekjs izfrfuf/ fo/kf;dkvksa esa xwaxs vkSj cgjs cudj ugha cSB ldsaxsA dgk tkrk gS fd gyos dk Lokn [kkus ij fuHkZj gSA vc rd dk ns'k dk rtqckZ ;gh crkrk gS fd ;g lafo/ku vusd vFkks± esa iQsy gh jgk gS ftuesa ;s ckrsa vf/d egRoiw.kZ gSa % • ;g euqLe`fr ds dqizHkko dks ugha jksd ik;k gS ftlds dkj.k euqLe`fr tSls xzUFkksa ds izpkj dh [kqyh NwV gSA • ;g jktuhfrd] lkekftd o vkfFkZd ifjokjokn dks ugha jksd ik;k gSA • ;g vk; vkSj lEifÙk ds vU;k;iw.kZ forj.k dks de djus dh ctk; mldh [kkbZ dks vkSj Hkh pkSM+k gksus ls ugha cpk ik;k gSA lkekftd U;k; lans'k
• ;g nfyrksa esa Hkh ?kfV;k ifjokjokn ykdj jktuhfrd ykHk jkT;ksa vkSj dsUnz esa dqN lkS ifjokjksa rd gh lhfer j[krk jgk gS ftudks igys ds leku f}tksa ds nklksa ds :i esa iz;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA • ;g nfyr izfrfuf/;ksa dks Hkh fdlh Hkh iVy ij fiNMs+ leqnk;ksa ls lEcfU/r eqíksa dks mBkus esa jksdrk jgk gSA • ;g vkj{k.k lEcU/h izko/kuksa dk nq#i;ksx djok dj fo'ks"k tkfr;ksa dks lkjk ykHk nsus ls jktuhfrd ncaxksa dks vkSj Hkh Hk;kud cuus ls ugha jksd ik jgk gSA • ;g vU/fo'okl vkSj ijEijk ds uaxs lkekftd U;k; lans'k
ukp dks jksdus ls cprk jgk gS ftldh otg ls vk;s fnu ns'k Hkj esa nfyrksa vkSj efgykvksa dk Hkh"k.k mRihM+u gksrk jgrk gSA è;ku nsus ;ksX; gS fd bl lafo/ku dks Lo;a ckcklkgsc Bhd ugha le>rs Fks D;ksafd mUgksaus dg fn;k Fkk fd ;fn mudk o'k pys rks os bl lafo/ku dks vkx yxk nsaA bl cgl ls ;g Hkh loky iSnk gksrk gS fd mlds ckjs esa ge brus vf/d mRlkfgr dSls gks ldrs gSa \ pwafd lafo/ku dh vuqi;ksfxrk ds ckjs esa cgl lHkh jktuhfrd ikfVZ;ksa ds lkearh izo`fÙk ds euqoknh usrkvksa us vkjEHk dh FkhA ;g rks Li"V :i esa ekuk tk ldrk gS fd os rks lafo/ku ds orZeku :i ls larq"V ugha 25
gSaA vfr fiNM+s oxZ fdl lhek rd larq"V gks ldrs gSa ;g fopkj.kh; gSA vc ;fn lafo/ku dks cny nsus dk loky iSnk gks gh tk;s rks bldks cpkus okyk dkSu jgsxk\ ;fn vki dqN vk'kk fiNM+s oxks± ls vkus okys fo/kf;dkvksa esa ekStwn izfrfuf/;ksa ls yxk;sa rks os rks fuf'pr :i esa vius&vius vkdkvksa ds vkns'kksa dk ikyu djus dks etcwj gksaxsA ;s uqDrs brus xEHkhj gSa fd buls lEcfUèkr ckr dgus esa dbZ ckj tcku yM+[kM+k tkrh gS vkSj ys[kuh FkjkZ mBrh gSA viQlksl dh ckr ;g gS fd gekjs fo'ofo|ky;ksa vkSj lÙkk ds xfy;kjksa esa buds ckjs esa dkukiQwlh djus dh Hkh dksbZ fgEer ugha dj ldrkA (ys[kd fjVk;MZ vkbZ-,-,l- gSa)
vizSy 2014
MkW- vEcsMdj dh vkj{k.k dh vo/kj.kk MkW- nsokuan dqaHkkjs
c
kcklkgsc MkW- ch-vkj-vEcsMdj ds lkekftd la?k"kksaZ dh fof/or 'kq#vkr 27 tuojh 1919 dks ^lkmFkcjks lfefr* ds le{k lk{; vkSj çfrosnu çLrqr dj gqbZA mlesa mUgksaus nfyrksa ds gdksa dh dSfiQ;r fczfV'k ljdkj ds lkeus j[khA mlds ckn mUgksaus lu~ 1927 esa] eqacbZ fo/ku e.My dk lnL; jgrs gq, vkj{k.k ds leFkZu esa tksjnkj Hkwfedk vnk dhA lu~ 1928 esa lkbeu deh'ku ds lkeus lk{; vkSj fuosnu çLrqr fd;k ftleasa nfyr&vkfnokfl;ksa ds fy, fofoèk ekaxkasa dk Kkiu çLrqr fd;kA 1930&31 esa] xksyest lEesyuksa ds ekè;e ls vkj{k.k uhfr dks cukus vkSj iwjs Hkkjr esa ykxw djokus ds lUnHkZ esa fiQj tksjnkj odkyr dh] ftldh vafre ifj.kfr iwuk iSDV esa gqbZA iwuk iSDV ls nfyr&vkfnokfl;ksa dks jktuhfr esa vkj{k.k feykA m/j lu~ 1942 esa tc MkW- vEcsMdj Hkkjr ljdkj ds ok;ljk; eaf=keaMy esa ea=kh Fks rc fczfV'kksa ls nfyr vkSj vkfnokfl;ksa ds fy, ukSdfj;ksa esa vkj{k.k dh O;oLFkk djokbZA MkW- vEcsMdj dh bl igy ls Hkkjrh; ukSdj'kkgh ds bfrgkl esa çFker% nfyr&vkfnokfl;ksa ds fy, ukSdfj;ksa esa vkj{k.k çkIr gqvkA blls MkW- ch-vkjvEcsMdj Hkkjr ds bfrgkl ds ,sls gLrk{kj cus ftuds vFkd ç;kl vkSj la?k"kks± dh otg ls jktuhfr] f'k{kk vkSj ukSdjh ds {ks=kksa esa nfyr&vkfnokfl;ksa ds fy, vkj{k.k gkfly gks ldkA lafo/ku cukrs le; Hkh ;gh y{; dk;e j[krs gq, MkW- vEcsMdj us Hkkjr ds leLr 'kksf"kr&ihfM+rksa dks ftlesa vuqlwfpr vizSy 2014
tkfr;ka@vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ka vkSj vU; fiNM+s oxZ vkrs gSa] dks vkj{k.k nsus ds fy, vusd vuqPNsnksa dks lafo/ku esa 'kkfey fd;kA lafo/ku ykxw gksus ds mijkar fodykaxksa ds fy, Hkh vkj{k.k ykxw fd;k x;kA lfn;ksa ls 'kksf"kr jgh Hkkjr dh leLr efgykvksa ds thou esa Økafr ykus ds fy, Hkh ^fganw dksM fcy* ds ekè;e ls MkW- vEcsMdj vfojr la?k"kZ djrs jgs gaSA vU; fiNM+s oxksaZ ds fy, vkj{k.k vkSj fganw dksM fcy ds ikl u gksus ls mUgksaus dsUæh; dkuwu ea=kh dk in R;kx fn;kA f'k{kk] jktuhfr vkSj ukSdfj;ksa esa çfrfuf/Ro ds fy, MkW- vEcsMdj dk la?k"kZ vkSj ml la?k"kZ dks oS/rk çnku djus ds fy, Lo;a dh vkj{k.k uhfr dk n'kZu iSnk fd;k tks cgqr gh foLr`r gSA çLrqr vkys[k dh mís'; iwfrZ gsrq MkWvEcsMdj dh vkj{k.k dh vo/kj.kk vkSj vkj{k.k çkfIr gsrq muds la?k"kks± ds dqN çlaxksa dks ;gk¡ ij m¼`r djus dk ç;kl 26
fd;k x;k gSA MkW- ch-vkj- vEcsMdj dk ^lerkokn* ;g lR; gS fd thou ds gj {ks=k esa ^vkj{k.k* O;oLFkk }kjk iwjh rjg ^lerk* LFkkfir ugha dh tk ldrhA ysfdu ^lerk* dh vksj c<+us dk ^vkj{k.k* ,d l'kDr ekè;e gS] ,slk ns'k&fons'kksa dh lkekftd U;k; dh uhfr;ksa ds voyksdu djus ij irk pyrk gSA gkykafd gj fopkj] vo/kj.kk] n'kZu vkSj la?k"kks± ds nks igyw gksrs gSaA ldkjkRed vkSj udkjkRed] lkekftd U;k; dh uhfr ^vkj{k.k* ds fy, Hkh ;g rF; ykxw gS] fiQj Hkh vke yksxksa ds dY;k.k ds fy, ,slh fdlh Hkh uhfr ;k la?k"kZ ds ldkjkRed igyqvksa dh rjiQ ns[kdj lkgl ds lkFk dne j[kuk iM+rk gSA Hkkjrh; vkj{k.k uhfr dk bfrgkl Hkh blls ijs ugha gSA Hkkjrh; vkj{k.k uhfr ds uk;d ds rkSj ij MkW- ch-vkj- vEcsMdj ds dqN vo/kj.kkRed vkSj dqN la?k"kkZRed i{kksa dks ;gka ij mtkxj djus lkekftd U;k; lans'k
dk ç;kl fd;k x;k gS] mlesa ls dqN 1@12@1929 dks vius ikf{kd ^cfg"d`r vfr laf{kIr esa Li"V dj fn;k gS fd fcanq fuEu gSa&% vly esa mudh ^lerk dh vo/kj.kk* Hkkjr* ds vxzys[k esa fy[kk& ^^bu vkykspdksa dks lerkokfn;ksa dk vFkkZr~ mudk ^lerkokn* D;k gS] muds tSlk fd Åij dgk x;k gS] 1928 esa lkbeu deh'ku ds le{k nfyrksa ds fy, y{; D;k gS bldh fcYdqy gh le> ^lerkokn dk y{;* D;k gS vkSj mls dSls çkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA Hkkjr ds jktuhfrd çfrfuf/Ro] ftls vk/qfud ugha gSA ;fn mUgsa bldh le> gksrh rks fofo/rke;] fo"kerke; vkSj tkrh; Hkk"kk esa vkj{k.k dgk tkrk gS] ds leFkZu os ,slk vk{ksi yxkus dh tger u mBkrsA lkekftd i;kZoj.k esa fdl rjg ^lerk* esa MkW- vEcsMdj us gkfly dh tk lk{; fn;s Fks] ml ^^lerk dk y{; çkIr djus ds fy, lHkh ls lekurk ldrh gSA MkWij Li`'; vkSj dk crkZo djuk laHko ugha gSA tgka ij lHkh O;fDr vEcsMdj dh n`f"V vLi`';ksa us ls mlds rjhds D;k vyx&vyx vk{ksi leku gSa ogka dqN O;fDr;ksa ds lkFk vlekurk dk gks ldrs gSa ;g fd, FksA MkW- crkZo djus ls fo"kerk iSnk gksxhA ysfdu tgka O;fDr tkuuk Hkh cM+k vEcsMdj us mu fnypLi jgsxkA bl vk{ksiksa dk lek/ku vleku gSa ogka mudks leku ekudj pyus dk vFkZ ij os Lo;a dgrs viuh cqf¼&dkS'ky lerk çLFkkfir djus ds y{; dk fojks/ djuk gSA bl gSa& ls vdkV~; rdZ lanHkZ esa jksxh O;fDr dk mnkgj.k j[kuk Bhd jgsxkA ^^lerk dk nsdj le;&le; y{; çkIr djus ds ij fd;kA Li`';ksa ds LoLF; euq"; dks Hkkjh Hkkstu nsuk Bhd gSA ysfdu dksbZ fy, lHkh ls lekurk dqN vk{ksiksa esa ls ikxy ^lerkoknh* euq"; ;fn ;gh Hkkstu jksxh O;fDr dk crkZo djuk ,d tks iwuk ds dks nsxk rks oks mldk çk.knkrk gksus ds ctk; çk.kgrkZ laHko ugha gSA tgka ^fp=ke; txr* ds ij lHkh O;fDr lEiknd dh rjiQ gks tk,xkA mlh rjg vehjksa ij ftruk dj yxk;k leku gSa ogka dqN ls fy;k x;k Fkk og tkrk gS] mruk gh xjhcksa ij Hkh yxk;k tkrk gS rks O;fDr;ksa ds lkFk gS% dk crkZo vlekurk iSnk gks tk,xh] leku dj nsus dh {kerk vlekurk djus ls fo"kerk iSnk ^^MkW- vEcsMdj j[kus okys vehjks a ij ;fn de dj yxk;k tk, ;k gksxhA ysfdu tgka ds ^lekt lerk la?k* dk vè;{k gksus LoLFk euq"; dks ftlesa Hkkstu dks gte djus dh {kerk O;fDr vleku gSa ogka mudks leku ds ckotwn Hkh muds gS mls jks x h dk Hkks t u ns fn;k tk, rks Hkh fo"kerk ekudj pyus dk }kjk vLi`'; lekt ds fy, tkfr gksxhA bl mnkgj.k ds tfj, ;g le>k tk ldrk gS vFkZ lerk çLFkkfir vkèkkfjr çfrfuf/Ro fd leku O;fDr;ksa ls vlekurk dk vkSj vleku djus ds y{; dk fojks/ djuk gSA bl (vkj{k.k) dh ekax O;fDr;ksa ls lekurk dk O;ogkj u djuk ;gh lanHkZ esa jksxh O;fDr dSls dh xbZ\ fdlh dk mnkgj.k j[kuk ,d lekt ds fy, lerkokfn;ksa dk nLrwj gSA** Bhd jgsxkA LoLFk tkfr vk/kfjr 'kk;n mUgsa ,slk yxrk gksxk fd lHkh ds euq"; dks Hkkjh Hkkstu nsuk Bhd gSA çfrfuf/Ro dh ekax djuk D;k ,d rjg lkFk lekurk dk O;ogkj djuk ysfdu dksbZ ikxy ^lerkoknh* euq"; dh fo"kerk ugha gS \** bl rjg ds lerkokfn;ksa dk y{; gS] ij ;gh mudh ;fn ;gh Hkkstu jksxh O;fDr dks nsxk rks vk{ksi ysrs gq, vkt Hkh dbZ egkuqHkkoksa xyrh gS ,slk ge crykuk pkgrs gSaA oks mldk çk.k nkrk gksus ds ctk; dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS tks vKkurko'k ;k lerkokfn;ksa dk y{; lHkh ls ^lerk dk çk.kgrkZ gks tk,xkA mlh rjg vehjksa ij }s"k dh otg ls djrs jgrs gSaA O;ogkj* djuk u gksdj ^lerk çLFkkfir ftruk dj yxk;k tkrk gS] mruk gh blds mÙkj esa MkW- vEcsMdj us djuk* gSA** MkW- vEcsMdj us ;gka ij xjhcksa ij Hkh yxk;k tkrk gS rks vlekurk
lkekftd U;k; lans'k
27
vizSy 2014
iSnk gks tk,xh] leku dj nsus dh {kerk j[kus okys vehjksa ij ;fn de dj yxk;k tk, ;k LoLF; euq"; dks ftlesa Hkkstu dks gte djus dh {kerk gS mls jksxh dk Hkkstu ns fn;k tk, rks Hkh fo"kerk gksxhA bl mnkgj.k ds tfj, ;g le>k tk ldrk gS fd] leku O;fDr;ksa ls vlekurk dk vkSj vleku O;fDr;ksa ls lekurk dk O;ogkj u djuk ;gh lerkokfn;ksa dk nLrwj gSA MkW- vEcsMdj dk ;gh dguk gS fd leku (ifjfLFkfr okys) O;fDr;ksa ls lekurk dk vkSj vleku (ifjfLFkfr okys) O;fDr;ksa ls vlekurk dk O;ogkj djus ls gh lerk LFkkfir dh tk ldrh gSA leku O;fDr;ksa ls ;gka ij rkRi;Z gS fd ftudh 'kS{kf.kd] lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkfn fLFkfr;ka ,d tSlh ;k ,d gh gksa] blds foijhr vleku O;fDr;ksa ls rkRi;Z gS fd ftudh 'kS{kf.kd] lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkfn fLFkfr;ka ,d tSlh ;k ,d uk gks vFkkZr~ ,d&nwljksa ls fHkUu&fHkUu gksaA blfy, mudk dguk fd]^tgka ij lHkh O;fDr leku gSa ogka dqN O;fDr;ksa ds lkFk vlekurk dk crkZo (O;ogkj) djus ls fo"kerk iSnk gksxh* ,dne lgh çrhr gksrk gSA ;gh MkW- vEcsMdj dk ^lerkokn* gS vkSj ;gh muds ^vkj{k.k dk n'kZu* gSA** bl n`f"V ls ns[kk tk, rks MkW- vEcsMdj dh vkj{k.k dh ekax muds ^lerkokn* ds n'kZu ls iwjh rjg esy [kkrh gS ;g le>uk vklku gks tkrk gSA vLi`'; vkSj Li`'; ;s nksuksa oxZ vxj leku gksrs vkSj MkW- vEcsMdj us vLi`';ksa ds fy, tkfrokj çfrfuf/Ro dh ekax dh gksrh] rc muds ^lerkokn* ij vkjksi yxkuk Bhd jgrkA rc ,slk dgk tk ldrk Fkk fd ,d gh (leku) njts ds yksxksa esa MkW- vEcsMdj HksnHkko iQSykuk pkgrs gSa] ijUrq ;g Li"V gS fd Li`'; vkSj vLi`'; bu nks oxksaZ esa fdlh Hkh çdkj dh lekurk ugha gSA f'k{kk] lEifÙk vkSj vkcknh bu rhuksa vk/kjksa ij bu nksuksa oxks± esa tehu&vkleku dk varj gSA f'k{kk vizSy 2014
ds ckjs esa Li`'; mUur vkSj vLi`'; fiNM+s] laifÙk ds ckjs esa Li`'; vehj vkSj vLi`'; xjhc] tula[;k ds ckjs esa Li`'; cyoku vkSj vLi`'; nqcZy] ;g rks okLrfod fLFkfr vkt dh Hkh gSA vFkkZr vLi`'; lekt dk iyM+k Li`'; lekt ds iyM+s ls dbZ vk/kjksa ij gYdk gSA ,sls vleku oxks± ds chp lekurk dk O;ogkj djus ls muds ijLij vkpj.k O;ogkj esa fdlh rjg dk cnyko gksus dh vk'kk ugha dh tk ldrh] ;g Li"V gSA vkSj ;g Hkh mruk gh lR; gS fd vleku fLFkfr okys O;fDr;ksa ds lkFk vleku O;ogkj djus ls ^lekurk* LFkkfir gks ldrh gS] tSlk fd ge ns[k jgs gSa lafoèkku ds uhfr&funsZ'kd rRoksa ds vuqlkj ljdkj detksjksa dk lkekftd Lrj Åij mBkus ds fy, fo'ks"k ;kstuk,a pykdj T;knk enn djrh gS] og dsoy mudh fLFkfr;ksa esa lq/kj ykus ds fy, vFkkZr~ l{ke yksxksa ds led{k ykus ds fy, gS] ftuds vPNs ifj.kkeksa dk ehBk iQy dqN gn rd Hkkjrh; lekt p[k jgk gS ftls vkt dksbZ >qByk ugha ldrkA çfrfuf/Ro@vkj{k.k dk vk/kj ^tkfr* D;ksa \ ^tkfr* Hkkjrh; lafo/ku esa nfyr] vkfnoklh vkSj fiNM+h] tkfr;ksa ds fy, vkj{k.k nsus dk ^vk/kj* cukbZ xbZ gSA pwafd Hkkjr dks fo'o esa ^tkfr;ksa dk ns'k* ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gS vkSj orZeku esa ;gka Ng gtkj ls Hkh T;knk tkfr;ka fo|eku gSaA vuqPNsn 14 (4) ij lafoèkku lHkk esa cgl djrs gq, fiNM+siu dks r; djus esa ^tkfr* ,d ekin.M dSls cu ldrh gS ;g le>kus ds fy, lafoèkku ds f'kYidkj vkSj Lora=k Hkkjr ds çFke dkuwu ea=kh MkW- ch-vkj- vEcsMdj us dgk Fkk& fd lkekftd vkSj 'kS{kf.kd fiNM+siu dks r; djus ds fy, tkfr ^dSls* vkSj ^D;ksa* vkj{k.k dk vk/kj cuh\ vius iwoZ ds lkekftd vf/dkjksa ds 28
la?k"kks± esa MkW- vEcsMdj us çfrfuf/Ro vFkkZr~ vkj{k.k dh tks ekax dh Fkh og tkfr ds vk/kj ij FkhA bl ij dqN yksxksa us vkifÙk trkrs gq, dgk Fkk fd MkWvEcsMdj ;fn ^lerkoknh* gSa rc ;g tkfr vk/kfjr ekax lerk ds rRo dks Hkax djrh gS] D;ksafd ;g tkfrokn c<+krh gSA mlh rjg vLi`'; lekt dks fganw lekt ls fHkUu le>us dh tks ekax MkW- vEcsMdj us dh Fkh mldk Hkh dM+k fojks/ fojksfèk;ksa us fd;kA ml ij vEcsMdj us djkjk tokc fn;k& ^^gesa fganw lekt ls lekurk dk ukrk tksM+uk gS] og fganw lekt esa jgdj mldk xqyke cudj ughaA gesa fganw lekt esa lHkh {ks=kksa esa lekukf/dkjh cuuk gSA ;gh MkW- vEcsMdj dh ;kstuk dk y{; gS] vkSj ml ;kstuk dh ek=k Åijh rkSj ij fn[kus okyh fo"kerk ij rqEgkjh utj gksxh rc ;g fo"kerk lerk ds fy, gh gS ,slk gekjk ekuuk gSA** jktuhfrd vkj{k.k D;ksa \ 1857 esa bZLV bafM;k daiuh ls vius gkFk esa lÙkk lw=k ysus ds ckn fczfV'k lkezkT; us Hkkjr esa u,&u, dkuwu cukdj viuk jkt pyk;kA 1930 ds vkl&ikl vkSj mlds ckn ns'k dks pykus ds fy, u;k lafo/ku cukus dh çfØ;k rsth idM+ jgh FkhA bl u, lafo/ku esa nfyr&'kksf"krksa&nqcZy lekt ds ?kVdksa ds D;k vf/dkj gksus pkfg,] bl ij MkWvEcsMdj us ,d ?kks"k.kk&i=k rS;kj fd;k] tks ^nfyr gdksa dk ?kks"k.kk&i=k* uke ls fo[;kr gSA ;g ?kks"k.kk&i=k 8 vxLr 1930 dks ukxiqj esa vk;ksftr ^vf[ky Hkkjrh; nfyr oxZ ifj"kn* esa MkWvEcsMdj }kjk çLrqr fd;k x;kA bl ?kks"k.kk&i=k ds çk:i esa nqcZy lekt ?kVdksa dks jktuhfr vkSj ukSdjh ds {ks=k esa vkj{k.k dh #ijs[kk FkhA jktuhfrd vkj{k.k dh ekax j[krs gq, MkW- vEcsMdj dgrs gSa] ^^fganw /eZ ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa lkekftd U;k; lans'k
tkfr&O;oLFkk dh lajpuk p<+rs Øe esa lEekutud vkSj mrjrs Øe esa frjLdkjiw.kZ gSA fupys ntsZ dh tkfr;ksa ds yksxksa ds eu esa Å¡ps ntsZ dh tkfr;ksa ds mEehnokjksa dks pquus gsrq ilanxh dh Hkkouk iSnk gksrh gS] blds Bhd myV fupyh tkfr ds mEehnokjksa ds lUnHkZ esa Åaph tkfr okyksa ds eu esa frjLdkj dh Hkkouk iSnk gksrh gSA bl ekufld fLFkfr dk nfyr oxks± ds 'kklu lÙkk esa Hkkxhnkjh ds fy, py jgs ç;klksa ij çfrdwy çHkko iM+sxkA bl otg ls vLi`'; mEehnokj ds fy, ,d Hkh oksV u Mkyrs gq, Li`'; yksx vLi`';ksa ds vf/drj oksV ik ldsaxs] vkSj bldk ifj.kke ;g gksxk fd vLi`'; yksx pquko esa dsoy gkj tk,axs--------A** vkSj fliQZ Å¡ph tkfr;ka gh bl ns'k dh lÙkk ij dCtk dj ysaxh] ,slk MkW- vEcsMdj dk er FkkA os vkxs dgrs gSa] ^^/u&laiUu] mPp f'kf{kr o mPp of.kZ;ksa dh 'kklu lÙkk esa rkuk'kkgh LFkkfir gksxhA rkuk'kkg bl vkjksi ls eqDr ugha jg ldrs gSa fd brj oxksaZ ds fy, muds eu esa i{kikr dh Hkkouk gSA muesa [kqysvke fn[kkbZ nsus okyk oa'kkfHkeku gS] vius tkr HkkbZ;ksa dk i{k ysus dh ço`fÙk gS vkSj blfy, muds gkFk esa 'kklu lÙkk ugha tkuh pkfg,A -----vkèkqfud yksdrkfU=kd 'kklu ç.kkyh esa ewyHkwr rRo gSa] gj ,d O;fDr dk ewY; ekU; djuk] vkSj gj O;fDr dks dsoy ,d gh ckj thou thus dk volj feyus dh otg ls mls mlds lqIr xq.kksa ds fodkl ds fy, iwjk&iwjk volj feyuk pkfg,A iajrq Hkkjr ds rkuk'kkgksa dks blesa ls dksbZ rRo ekU; gS] ,slk dgk ugha tk ldrkA mudk dqN ,slk er gS fd orZeku thou ;g vusd thouksa dh Ja`[kykvksa esa ls ,d gksdj thou esa mudh fLFkfr muds iwoZ tUe ds iki&iq.; dh otg ls r; gksrh gSA blfy, fdlh dk 'khy fdruk Hkh Å¡pk D;ksa u jgs ;k lkekftd U;k; lans'k
mlesa fdruh Hkh egku~ ;ksX;rk D;ksa u ik;h gks] fiQj Hkh tUe dh otg ls çkIr mldh fLFkfr esa dksbZ ifjorZu ugha gks ldrkA bl rkuk'kkgh dk rRo gS fd ,d ckj dksbZ czkã.k ds :i esa tUek rks og czkã.k ds vykok nwljk dqN gks gh ugha ldrk vkSj dksbZ ifj;k djds tUek rks dqN Hkh gks tk, og ifj;k gh jgsxkA--------;g orZeku esa vfLrRo esa jgus okyk /eZ er gSA bl rjg ds yksxksa ds gkFk esa vfucaZU/ lÙkk nsus dk eryc gh iQkalh nsus okys ds gkFk esa Nqjh nsus tSlk gSA** mijksDr iSjk esa MkW- vEcsMdj bl rF; dks dFku dj jgs gaS] fd Hkkjr ns'k ds lHkh lalk/uksa&f'k{kk] laifÙk] ukSdjh] jktuhfr vkfn ij igys ls gh mUur Åaph tkfr;ksa dk ,dkf/dkj jgk gS] vkSj blds ckn Hkh ;fn gkykr ;gh jgs rks fiQj 'kksf"kr&ihfM+r xrZ esa pys tk,axsA Å¡ph tkfr;ka] ftudk lkjs lalk/uksa ij dCtk jgsxk] og tkfr;ka dHkh ugha pkgsaxh fd mudk dksbZ çfrLi/hZ rS;kj gks tk,] vkSj mUgsa muds lfn;ksa ds cus gq, opZLo ls csn[ky djsaA pwafd lHkh n`f"V ls laiUu oxks± dh ;gh ekufldrk jgh gS fd muds vykok brj lewg xjhc gh jgsa] nfjærk 29
ds thou esa gh jgsaA laiUu oxks±] tkfr;ksa ds çfr mudh bl uSjk';oknh Hkwfedk dh otg ls gh vehj&xjhc dh bruh [kkbZ c<+ xbZ gSA bl [kkbZ dks ikVus ds fy, gh yksdrkaf=kd ns'kksa esa ldkjkRed dk;Zokgh (viQesZfVo ,D'ku) ;k vkj{k.k tSls laj{k.kkRed mik;ksa dh ekax yxkrkj gksrh jgh gSA eqB~Bh Hkj mPp oxZ dh tkfr;ksa dh mUufr vkSj lEiUurk MkW- vEcsMdj dh çfrfuf/Ro dh ekax gh lfn;ksa ls oafpr rcdksa ds fy, laj{k.kkRed mik; ekaxus dh gh çfØ;k FkhA D;ksafd Hkkjr dh Åaph tkfr;ka vkSj lEiUu oxks± us lfn;ksa ls gh fupyh ekuh tkus okyh tkfr;ksa dk thou ds gj Lrj ij] ;Fkk&lkekftd] 'kS{kf.kd] /kfeZd lkaLd`frd] vkfFkZd vkfn esa 'kks"k.k gh fd;k gSA bl rjg lfn;ksa ls gksus okys 'kks"k.k ds f[kykiQ vkokt mBkus okyksa dks dbZ rjhdksa }kjk [kkeks'k djok;k x;kA ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd Hkkjr dh dqN tkfr;ka taxyksa&igkM+ksa esa] dqN tkfr;ka ?kqeDdM+h djrs gq, vkSj dqN tkfr;ka xk¡o dh lhek ds ckgj cfg"d`r thou thus vizSy 2014
ds fy, etcwj djok nh xb±] ;gh Hkkjr ns'k dk vlyh lkekftd bfrgkl gSA ,slk djus ds ihNs 'kks"k.kdrkZvksa ds mís'; dqN Hkh D;ksa u jgs gksa] blesa ls ?kksj nfjærk dk tUe gqvk] ifj.kker% Hkkjr dh lokZf/d tkfr;ksa dk lkekftd&vkfFkZd iru gqvk vkSj bl iru ds vk/kj ij dqN eqB~Bh Hkj tkfr;ksa us viuh mUufr vkSj laiUurk ds egy [kM+s fd,A pwafd Hkkjr ns'k esa ifrr vkSj oafpr tkfr lewg gh vf/d Fks vkSj gSaA tc rd budh thou ds gj {ks=k esa çxfr ugha gksrh] Hkkjr ns'k dHkh lq[kh&laiUu ugha gks ldsxkA ;g fLFkfr iSnk djus ds fy, 'kksf"krksa dks fo'ks"k lqfo/k,a çnku djus dh t#jr gksrh gSA bu lqfo/kvksa dks cukus vkSj mUgsa fØ;kfUor djokus dk dk;Z fof/ e.My djrs gSaA vr% misf{krksa dks U;k; ;k lkekftd U;k; fof/ e.Myksa }kjk vafrer% çnku fd;k tkrk gSA misf{kr yksx ;k muds çfrfuf/ tc rd fof/ eaMyksa esa ugha jgsaxs] vius oxZ ds lkFk U;k; ugha djok ldsaxsA ,slk U;k; djokus ds fy, gh vaxzstksa ls fofèkeaMyksa vFkkZr~ jktuhfr esa çfrfuf/Ro vFkkZr~ vkj{k.k dk vfèkdkj ekaxus dk dk;Z MkW- vEcsMdj us vius vdkV~; rdks± ls fd;k] ftlesa os vafrer% liQy jgsA ukSdfj;ksa esa vkj{k.k D;ksa\ jktuhfr esa 'kksf"krksa dks vkj{k.k D;ksa gksuk pkfg,] bldk rdZiw.kZ ;qfDrokn djus ds ckn MkW- vEcsMdj ukSdfj;ksa esa vkj{k.k dk viuk i{k çLrqr djrs gSaA mlds fy, os fo/kf;dk esa dkuwu cukus ds vf/dkj vkSj dk;Zikfydk }kjk dkuwu&fu;eksa dk fØ;kUo;u djkus ds vf/dkj dh rqyuk djrs gq, dgrs gSa& ^^dkuwu cukus ds vf/dkj dh vis{kk dkuwu dk vey (fØ;kUo;u) djus dk vf/dkj de egRo dk ugha gS] vkSj vey djus okyh ;a=k.kk ds }kjk dkuwu vizSy 2014
cukus okyksa ds volku iwjh rjg u"V ;fn ugha Hkh fd, tk lds rks Hkh mls fu;af=kr vo'; fd;k tk ldrk gSA 'kklu dh dk;Zdkjh ;a=k.kk ij nfyr oxZ us dCtk djus ds fy, mRlqdrk fn[kkuh pkfg,] bldk dsoy ;gh dkj.k ugha gSA dk;Z dh O;Lrrk dh otg ls ;k ifjfLFkfr dh vM+pu dh otg ls vDlj vey djus okys vf/dkjh ds gkFk esa fLFkfr;ksa dks Hkkairs gq, fu.kZ; nsus dk vf/dkj gksrk gSA bl çlaxksfpr fu.kZ; nsus ds vf/dkj dk vey fu"i{krk ls gksrk gS ;k ugha] bl ij gh turk dk dY;k.k fuHkZj gSA vey ds vf/dkj tgka dsoy ,d gh tkfr ds gkFk esa gSa ,sls Hkkjr ljhds ns'k esa bl çklafxd U;k; nsus ds vf/dkj dk nq#i;ksx ,d oxZ dk iQkfty fodkl lk/us esa gh gksus dh cM+h vk'kadk gSA blds fy, lgh bykt ;kfu nfyr oxZ ds fy, ljdkjh ukSdfj;ksa esa vkjf{kr in j[kus dh ekax geus djuh pkfg,A -----nfyr oxZ ges'kk gh vYila[;d jgus okyk gS ------blls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd bl rjg dh xkjaVh ekaxuk D;ksa vko';d gSA** MkW- vEcsMdj ds mijksDr fparu dk fuEu fupksM+ gksuk pkfg,& 1- dkuwu dks vey djus dk vfèkdkj vf/d egRoiw.kZ gSA 2- dkuwu cukus okyksa dks fu;af=kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA 3- vey djus okys vf/dkjh ifjfLFkfrtU; fu.kZ; ns ldrs gSaA 4- vey ds vf/dkj dsoy ,d gh tkfr ds gkFk esa gksus dh otg ls Hkkjr ljhds ns'k esa çklafxd U;k; nsus ds vf/dkj dk nq#i;ksx ,d oxZ dk vR;kf/d fodkl lk/us esa gh gks ldrk gSA 5- nfyr oxZ ges'kk gh vYila[;d jgus okyk gS] blfy, Hkfo"; esa mudh ihf<+;ksa ds laj{k.k gsrq lgh 30
bykt ljdkjh ukSdfj;ksa esa inksa dk vkj{k.k gSA bl rjg ge dg ldrs gSa fd nfyrksa dks ukSdfj;ksa esa vkj{k.k ekaxus ds ihNs MkW- vEcsMdj dk mís'; Fkk& (I) nfyr ukSdfj;ksa esa tkdj vius leqnk; ds fgr esa cus dkuwuksa&fu;eksa dks vPNh rjg ls fØ;kfUor dj ns'k ds vU; lewgksa ds lkFk vius leqnk; ds Hkh fgr&j{k.k esa ;ksxnku djsa] (II) fo/kf;dkvksa dks dqN gn rd tqYeh dkuwu cukus ls fu;af=kr djs rkfd fdlh ij vU;k;&vR;kpkj uk gks] (III) ifjfLFkfrtU; vk/kj ij vius lekt ds i{k esa fu;e&dkuwuksa dks >qdkus dk ç;kl djsa] (IV) lHkh oafpr oxks± ds lkFk nfyrksa dk Hkh larqfyr fodkl lk/us ds ç;kl ds fy,] vkSj (V) Hkfo"; esa Hkh nfyr eq[; çokg ls nwj vFkkZr~ fodkl ds volj ls oafpr uk jgs bldh xkjaVh djkukA mijksDr ikap fcanq MkW- vEcsMdj ds oafprksa ds fy, u dsoy ukSdjh ds {ks=k esa cfYd 'kS{kf.kd rFkk jktuhfrd {ks=k esa vkj{k.k ekaxus ds ihNs ds mís'; FksA ;g ckr vyx gS fd ns'k Lora=k gksus ds 65 o"kksaZ ckn ,l-lh-],l-Vh-]vks-ch-lh- ukSdjh esa jgrs gq, vius&vius lkekftd leqnk;ksa dks fdruk lgdk;Z dj ldsa vkSj fdruk U;k; ns ldsa\ vkj{k.k dh fdruh fjfDr;ka ljdkj }kjk Hkjh xbZ vkSj fdruh fjDr j[kh xbZ\ blls fiNM+s oxZ fdruh çxfr dj lds vkSj lkekftd U;k; fdruk gks ldk\ lerk dk y{; fdruk iwjk gks ldk vkSj fdruk iwjk fd;k tkuk vHkh ckdh gS vkSj mls iwjk djus esa fdruk vkSj le; yxsxk\ (ys[kd vfgalk ,oa 'kkafr vè;;u foHkkx laLd`fr fo|kihB e-xk- va- fga- fo-fo-] o/kZ egkjk"Vª ds iwoZ 'kksèkkFkhZ jgs gSa)
lkekftd U;k; lans'k
xzke&LojkT; % xka/h cuke MkW- vEcsMdj MkW- lquhy dqekj ^lqeu*
xk¡
o dk uke vkrs gh fny&fnekx esa eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr dh iafDr;ka xwatus yxrh gSa&^Hkkjrekrk xzkeokfluh!* cpiu ls lqurs vk, gSa fd ^Hkkjr xk¡oksa dk ns'k gS* vkSj ^Hkkjr dh vkRek xk¡oksa esa clrh gSA* xka/h th dh ^xzke&LojkT;* dh ladYiuk dks ysdj Hkh cgqr efgek eaMu fd;k tkrk jgk gSA lcls igys ;gk¡ ;g ns[kuk gksxk ;g ^xk¡o* vkf[kj fdldk gS\ mu ;FkkfLFkfroknh yksxksa dk] ftudh la[;k ns'k dh dqy tula[;k dk nl ls iUnzg iQhlnh gSa] vkSj tks Lo;a dqN u djrs gq, Hkh lkjs lalk/uksa ij dkfct jgs gSa\ vFkok nck&lrk dj 'kksf"kr&çrkfM+r fd, x, mu yksxksa dk] ftUgsa vNwr cuus vkSj tkuoj ls Hkh cnrj ftanxh thus ij etcwj fd;k x;k\ Hkkjrh; xk¡oksa dks utnhd ls ns[kus ij lkiQ gks tkrk gS fd ;s xk¡o gh gSa tks nfyrksa ds 'kks"k.k&mRihM+u o xqykeh ds lokZf/d Øwj vkSj çHkko'kkyh dsUnz gSaA dkykarj ls ysdj vc rd o.kZ&O;oLFkk vkSj vLi`';rk dks ftlus lcls T;knk etcwrh çnku dh gS] os Hkkjr ^ekrk* ds nqykjs xk¡o gh gSaA xk¡oksa dks ysdj vc rd tks yksx xkSjoe;h] LofIuy vkSj euksje fp=k [khaprs jgs gSa] os izHkq oxZ ds opZLo'kkyh yksx gSa] ftuds fy, xk¡o lpeqp esa mudk ^LoxZ* gSA xka/h th Hkh xk¡oksa dks ysdj [kklk Hkkoqd vkSj mRlkfgr jgrs FksA ysfdu muds lekukUrj ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj dh utj esa ^xk¡o vNwr leqnk; ds fy, vfHk'kki ds vykok vkSj dqN ugha gSaA* dk'k] xka/h th nfyr iz'u ij bZekunkj vkSj fujis{k gksrs rks os MkWvEcsMdj dh utj ls xk¡oksa dks ns[krs vkSj fiQj mUgsa Hkkjr esa ^xzke&LojkT;* dh gdhdr le> esa vk tkrhA
lkekftd U;k; lans'k
ckcklkgsc us Li"V :i ls xk¡oksa dks tkfrokn vkSj oapuk dk lcls cM+k iks"kd crk;kA viuh iqLrd ^vuVpscYl vksj fn fpYMªsu vkWiQ bafM;kt xsVks* esa mUgksaus dgk] ^^lkearh lo.kZ fganqvksa dk xk¡o lkearh lo.kZ fganqvksa dh lekt&O;oLFkk dh ekuks ç;ksx'kkyk gSA xk¡o esa xSjcjkcjh ij vkèkkfjr euqoknh lkeUrh lekt&O;oLFkk dk iwjk&iwjk ikyu gksrk gSA tc dHkh dksbZ lo.kZ Hkkjrh; xk¡oksa dk ftØ djrk gS rks og mYykl ls Hkj mBrk gSA og mUgsa lekt&O;oLFkk dk vkn'kZ Lo:i ekurk gSA** ;g mYykl okLro esa izHkq oxZ ds opZLo dks cuk, j[kus esa xk¡oksa dh Hkwfedk dk mYykl gSA ;gk¡ ;g lc foLrkj ls crkus dh t:jr ugha gS fd xk¡oksa esa nfyrksa ds jgus] mBus&cSBus] pyus&fiQjus] 'kknh&fookg] R;ksgkj&mRlo vkSj thfodksiktZu vkfn 31
dks ysdj rhu gtkj lky ls fdl rjg ds ?kksf"kr lkekftd fo/ku ykxw fd, tkrs jgs gSa! Hkkjr ,d d`f"k iz/ku ns'k gS rks D;k ;g ckr lekt ds lHkh rcds ds fy, leku :i ls ykxw gksrh gS \ xk¡oksa esa nfyr ges'kk ls Hkwfeghu etnwj jgs gSaA xank vkSj ?k`f.kr ekus tkus okys lkjs dke djus ds fy, mudks etcwj fd;k tkrk jgk gSA etnwjh ds :i esa Hkh mudks iSls u nsdj vukt vkfn fn, tkrs jgs gSaA csxkjh vkSj cU/qvk etnwjh vkt Hkh xk¡oksa dh ,d cM+h lPpkbZ gSA vktknh ds iSalB lkyksa ckn Hkh NqvkNwr dk Øwjre :i xk¡oksa esa ns[kus dks feyrk gSA xk¡oksa esa nfyrksa ds fy, vkthfodk ds jkLrs ges'kk ls can jgs gSaA 'kks"k.k&mRihM+u dh vxj ckr dh tk, rks y{e.kiqj ckFks] csyNh] xksgkuk] >Ttj] pdokM+k] fepZiqj ls ysdj [kSjykath rd dh u`'kal vkSj ân; fonkjd vizSy 2014
?kVuk,¡ xk¡oksa esa gh ?kfVr gksrh jgh gSaA ysus ij nfyr yM+dh ds lkFk ekj&fiVkbZ LFkku ughaA blesa Hkzkr`Ro ds fy, dksbZ fiNys dqN o"kks± esa vkj{k.k ds pyrs vkSj lkewfgd cykRdkj dh iQsgfj'r LFkku ughaA Hkkjrh; xk¡o x.krU=k dk Bhd xzke&iapk;rksa esa nfyr ljiap] eqf[k;k] Hkkjrh; xk¡oksa ds gh uke ntZ gSaA bu xk¡oksa mYVk :i gSA vxj dksbZ x.krU=k gS rks ;g iz/ku vkfn dh mifLFkfr fn[kus yxh gSA esa nfyrksa ds fy, ^xzke&LojkT;* dk dksbZ Li`';ksa dk x.krU=k gS] Li`';ksa ds }kjk gS vkSj mUgha ds fy, gSA ;g x.krU=k ysfdu blds vanj ds lp dks [kaxkysa rks eryc ugha jg tkrk gS \ vdkj.k ugha fd ckcklkgsc MkW- vLi`';ksa ij LFkkfir lkearh lo.kZ fganqvksa irk pyrk gS fd reke xk¡oksa es ogk¡ ds lo.kZ vkSj ncax yksx vius ;gk¡ dke vEcsMdj us bl ^xzke&LojkT;* dh dk ,d fo'kky lkezkT; gSA ;g lkearh djus okys nfyr ukSdj&pkdj] gyokgs] cf[k;k m/sM+dj j[k nhA Hkkjrh; xk¡oksa ds lo.kZ fganqvksa dk ,d çdkj dk mifuos'kokn gS] tks Mªkboj vkfn dks gh ^^Hkkjrh; xk¡oksa dks utnhd ls ns[kus ij lkiQ gks vLi`';ksa dk 'kks"k.k tksM+&rksM+ djds pquko esa fot;h cuk tkrk gS fd ;s xk¡o gh gSa tks nfyrksa ds 'kks"k.k&mRihM+u djus ds fy, gSA** ;gh dkj.k Fkk fd nsrs gSaA fiQj lgh MkW- vEcsMdj us ek;uksa esa os ekfyd o xqykeh ds lokZf/d Øwj vkSj çHkko'kkyh dsUnz gSaA yksx gh jkt djrs gSa dkykarj ls ysdj vc rd o.kZ&O;oLFkk vkSj vLi`';rk nfyrksa dks xk¡o NksM+dj 'kgj tkus vkSj in ij cSBk nfyr muds gkFk dh dks ftlus lcls T;knk etcwrh çnku dh gS] os Hkkjr vkSj ogha clus dk dBiqryh gksrk gSA ^ekrk* ds nqykjs xk¡o gh gSaA xk¡oksa dks ysdj vc rd jkLrk lq>k;k FkkA mUgksaus uxjhdj.k dbZ txg nfyr vkSj vkèkqfudrk izèkkuksa dks xzke&lHkk tks yksx xkSjoe;h] LofIuy vkSj euksje fp=k [khaprs esa ugha ?kqlus nsus] jgs gSa] os izHkq oxZ ds opZLo'kkyh yksx gSa] ftuds fy, dh Hkh cM+h dh FkhA dqlhZ ij ugha cSBus xk¡o lpeqp esa mudk ^LoxZ* gSA xka/h th Hkh xk¡oksa dks odkyr 'kgj esa vkthfodk nsus vkSj volj fo'ks"k ij jk"Vªh; >.Mk rd ysdj [kklk Hkkoqd vkSj mRlkfgr jgrs FksA ysfdu muds ds lk/uksa dh pqjrk gS vkSj ogk¡ u iQgjkus nsus dh lekukUrj ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj dh utj esa ^xk¡o iztkfrokn dk og ?kVuk,¡ vkt Hkh cgqrk;r esa gksrh jgrh vNwr leqnk; ds fy, vfHk'kki ds vykok vkSj dqN f?kukSuk :i ugha gSA f'k{kk ds njokts gSaA ljdkj dh ^feM ugha gS a A * nfyr cPpksa ds Ms fey ;kstuk* ds rgr~ dbZ lkjs xk¡oksa esa ^^lkearh lo.kZ fganqvksa dk xk¡o lkearh lo.kZ fganqvksa fy, lqxe gSaA nfyr cPpksa dks [kkuk dh lekt&O;oLFkk dh ekuks ç;ksx'kkyk gSA xk¡o esa nfyr efgykvksa ds fy, Hkh jkstxkj ds u nsus rFkk mUgsa vyx xS j cjkcjh ij vkèkkfjr euq o knh lkeUrh lekt&O;oLFkk jkLrs [kqys gq, gSaA ikar esa cSBkus ds okd;s Hkh gksrs jgrs dk iwjk&iwjk ikyu gksrk gSA tc dHkh dksbZ lo.kZ vkt ds lanHkZ esa ns[ksa rks ;g irk gSaA bu lkjh fLFkfr;ksa Hkkjrh; xk¡ o ks a dk ftØ djrk gS rks og mYykl ls Hkj pysxk fd tks Hkh esa ;fn nfyr oxZ }kjk FkksM+k&lk Hkh mBrk gSA og mUgsa lekt&O;oLFkk dk vkn'kZ Lo:i nfyr xk¡o NksM+dj 'kgj pys x,] izfrjks/ gksrk gS rks ekurk gS A ** mudh vxyh ih<+h blds Hk;kud vkSj rjDdh ds jkLrs ij nnZukd ifj.kke iwjs nfyr leqnk; dks Hkqxrus iM+rs gSaA nfyr lkekftd&vkfFkZd thou dh xgjh py iM+hA blds foijhr tks nfyr xk¡o nwYgs dks ?kksM+h ij u p<+us nsuk] lo.kZ Nkuchu djrs gq, mUgksaus xk¡oksa dks x. esa gh jg x,] mudh dbZ ihf<+;k¡ oSlh dh bykds ls gksdj lkbfdy pykrs gq, ;k krU=k dk nq'eu crk;k gSA os tksj nsdj oSlh gh jg xbZaA (ys[kd pfpZr ;qok vEcsMdjoknh fo'ys"kd iSny pIiy igudj u tkus nsuk] ?kh [kk dgrs gSa fd ^^bl x.krU=k esa yksdrU=k ds gSa vkSj laizfr e-xka-va-fga-fo-fo-] o/kZ esa lkfgR; ysus vkSj u;k diM+k igu ysus ij lkewfgd fy, dksbZ LFkku ughaA blesa lerk ds fy, foHkkx esa lgk;d izksisQlj gSaA) fiVkbZ djuk] [ksr ls ewyh ;k lkx m[kkM+ LFkku ughaA blesa Lora=krk ds fy, dksbZ vizSy 2014
32
lkekftd U;k; lans'k
MLFLGUE 6 L MB lkekftd U;k; laOnT s'Lk
33
WJ[ viz4Z Sy 2014
ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj dk vafre lans'k ^^eSa cgqr eqf'dy ls bl dkjoka dks bl fLFkfr rd yk;k gwยก] tgka ;g vkt fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA bl dkjoka dks vkxs c<+us gh nsuk gS] pkgs fdruh gh ck/k,a] #dkoVsa ;k ijs'kkfu;kยก blds jkLrs esa D;ksa u vk,aA ;fn esjs yksx] esjs lsukifr bl dkjoka dks vkxs ugha ys tk ldsa rks mUgas bls ;gha] blh n'kk esa NksM+ nsuk] ij fdlh Hkh gkyr esa dkjoka dks ihNs eksM+us dh vuqefr ugha feyuh pkfg,A** 2014 WJ[Sy 4Z 2014 viz
34 34
MLFLGUE 6 L MB lkekftd U;k; lanOs'T kL
Hkkjr eas tkfr;ka % ckcklkgsc dh tqckuh ,d fVIi.kh
ck
cklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj us 1916 esa ^Hkkjr esa tkfr;k¡] muds ra=k] mn~xe ,oa fodkl* uked ys[k dksyfEc;k fo'ofo|ky; ds ,aFkzksiksykWth lsfeukj esa izLrqr fd;k] ftls bafM;u ,UVhD;wbVh okY;we XLI ebZ 1917 esa izdkf'kr fd;k x;kA bl ys[k dks gkykafd vEcsMdj ds }kjk fy[ks x;s lcls egRoiw.kZ jpuk ,Uuhfgys'ku vkWiQ dkLV ds eqdkcys cgqr gh de i<+k x;k gS] ijUrq bl ys[k dks djhc ls i<+us ds ckn ckcklkgsc ds n'kZu dh cgqr ls lanHkks± dh 'kq#vkr fn[krh gSA bl ys[k dks ckcklkgsc dh tqckuh i<+us dk rkRi;Z bls muds le; ds lanHkZ ls tksM+rs gq, mudh Hkk"kk ds cks/ksa ij fopkj djus ls gSA izLrqr ys[k dk edln ckcklkgsc ds ys[k dks lekt ds orZeku le; ls tksM+rs gq, ns[kus ls Hkh gSA ckcklkgsc dgrs gSa fd tkfr dh xqRFkh dks mtkxj djus ds fy, cgqr ls egRoiw.kZ dk;Z ,oa 'kks/ gks pqds gSa] ijUrq lHkh 'kks/ nqHkkZX;o'k dsoy ^vLi"Vhd`r* ds nk;js esa jg x, gSaA tkfr dh leL;k lS¼kafrd ,oa O;kogkfjd nksuksa vFkks± esa gh cM+h gSA O;kogkfjd rkSj ij ;g ,d laLFkk gS ftlls tcnZLr ifj.kkeksa dk ladsr feyrk gS gkykafd ;g ,d LFkkuh; leL;k gS] ijUrq ;g Hk;adj 'kjkjr djus ds fy, l{ke gSA tc rd tkfr Hkkjr esa fo|eku gS] rc rd fganw fcYdqy Hkh u rks varfoZokg djsaxs] u gh ckgjh yksxksa ds lkFk dksbZ lkekftd lEcUèk cuk,axs vkSj vxj fganw i`Foh ds fdlh Hkh nwljs {ks=k lkekftd U;k; lans'k
latho dqekj
esa 'kj.k ysrs gSa rks Hkkjr dh tkfr dh leL;k fo'o dh leL;k cu tk,xhA pawfd tkfr dh leL;k cgqr cM+h gS blfy, blds vU; igyqvksa dks vyx j[krs gq;s ckcklkgsc us fliQZ blds ra=k] mn~xe ,oa fodkl ij NksM+ fn;kA ckcklkgsc dh mijksDr ckrksa ls ;g izrhr gksrk gS] fd tkfr ,d ,slh leL;k gS tks le; vkSj txg ls ca/ dj ugha jg ldrh] blds leFkZd fganw fdlh Hkh le; fdlh Hkh txg tkfr dh lajpuk dks c<+krs jgrs gSaA ;g ,d laØked jksx dh rjg gS ftlds ihNs 'kknh&fookg dh ijEijk dk pyu lgk;d dh rjg dk;Z djrk gSA tkfr dk mn~xe ckcklkgsc crkrs gSa fd] tSlkfd ,FuksyksftLVl us Hkkjr dks vk;Zu] nzfofM+;u] eaxksfy;u ,oa fLkfDVFk;u dk 35
feykoV crk;k gS] ;s lHkh Hkkjr esa lfn;ksa igys fofHkUu fn'kkvksa ls fofHkUu laLd`fr;ksa ds lkFk vk, vkSj cl x,A pawfd lcdh laLd`fr;k¡ vyx&vyx Fkh] ijUrq yxkrkj gks jgs lkekftd fudVrk ds dkj.k ,d leku laLd`fr dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;kA ijUrq ;g leku laLd`fr dk cukuk dsoy laLd`fr;ksa dk lEesyu Fkk u fd ltkrh;dj.k FkkA ckcklkgsc us leku gksus rFkk lEesyu gksus dks ltkrh;dj.k ls fcYdqy vyx fd;kA vr% Hkkjr esa ,d ltkrh; laLd`fr dk fuekZ.k dHkh ugha gks ik;kA ijarq lkaLd`frd lEesyu dks lkaLd`frd ltkrh;dj.k le> ysus ls tkfr dh leL;k cgqr cM+h gks tkrh gSA D;ksafd tkfr dk fuekZ.k ekStwnk ltkrh; bdkbZ ds VqdM+s djus ds fy, fd;k x;kA nwljs 'kCnksa esa dgsa rks tkfr dh mRifÙk dh vizSy 2014
O;k[;k dk rkRi;Z ^VqdM+s djus dh tkfr ds ra=k tkfr dh laLFkk ls tksM+us dk rkRi;Z fliQZ ckcklkgs c vius ys [ k es a tkfr ds mn~ H ko izfØ;k* ls gSA vFkkZr~ tkfr dh mRifÙk ds iqjksfgr oxZ dks lcls Å¡ps ntsZ ij j[kk ihNs vyx&vyx laLd`fr;ksa ds yksxksa dk dh xkFkk dks mtkxj djrs gq;s feLVj tk,] ,sls fopkj lfn;ksa ls pys vk jgs lEesyu gksuk ,oa mudks fiQj ls VqdM+ksa lsukVZ] feLVj usliQhYM] feLVj fjlys] MkW gSaA vr% ^fo'kqf¼ dk fopkj* tkfr dk esa foHkkftr dj izHkqRo dk;e djus dh dsrdj bR;kfn ds }kjk nh xbZ tkfr dh xq.k rc rd gS tc rd tkfr esa /eZ dk dgkuh gSA vxj vkt ds le; esa ns[ksa rks ifjHkk"kkvksa dk voyksdu djrs gSaA os Lokn gksA vFkkZr~ vEcsMdj 'kqf¼ vkSj ;g izfØ;k gesa gj txg fn[krk gS ftldh dgrs gSa fd ekStwn ifjHkk"kkvksa esa ls fo'kqf¼ dks tkfr ds ra=k esa lcls eq[; fdlh us tkfr O;oLFkk ds eq[; fcUnq ij u eku dj ,d vax ekurs gSa bldh ppkZ bl ys[k ds var esa dh tk,xhA ckcklkgsc tkfr dh mRifÙk dh ppkZ è;ku ugha fn;k gSA budh deh bl ckr t:jr fliQZ tkfr dks /eZ ls tksM+s j[kus dks vkxs c<+krs gq;s ;g crkrs gSa fd tkfr esa jg xbZ fd bUgksaus tkfr dks ,d vyx ls gS] ftldh [kkfl;r egRoiw.kZ gS tkfr dh mRifÙk ls mudk rkRi;Z lxks=k fookg bdkbZ dh rjg ns[kk gS vkSj bl ckr dks O;oLFkk dks cuk, j[kus esaA ds ra=k dh mRifÙk ls gSA ijUrq D;ksa ,slh vuns[kk dj fn;k fd tkfr ,d lEiw.kZ feLVj usliQhYM dh ifjHkk"kk ij O;oLFkk cukbZ xbZA bl ij] ckcklkgsc dk O;oLFkk gS ftlesa fofHkUu lewgksa ds chp fopkj djrs gq;s vEcsMdj dk dguk gS fopkj oxZ ls lEcfU/r gSA os dgrs gSa fuf'pr lEcU/ LFkkfir gSaA ijUrq bl ckr fd ,d tkfr dk nwljh tkfr ds lkFk fd ;g ckr le>uk lekxe ij izfrcU/ cM+k eqf'dy gksxk Hkkjrh; tkfr dh leL;k lS¼kafrd ,oa O;kogkfjd yxkuk dkj.k ugha fd lekt O;fDr;ksa cfYd ifj.kke gSA nks u ks a vFkks ± es a gh cM+ h gS A O;kogkfjd rkS j ij ;g ,d ls cuk gS] D;ksafd tkfr ,d Loeso can la L Fkk gS ftlls tcnZ L r ifj.kkeks a dk la d s r feyrk gS lekt oxks± ls cuk bdkbZ gS] ftlesa gS u fd O;fDr lsA gkykafd ;g ,d LFkkuh; leL;k gS] ijUrq ;g Hk;adj izkd`frd :i ls oxZ la?k"kZ ds fl¼kar lkekftd lekxe 'kjkjr djus ds fy, l{ke gS A tkfr ,d ,s l h leL;k ls leqnk; dks ij yxke yxh gS] le>uk eqf'dy gS tks le; vkSj txg ls c¡/ dj ugha jg ldrh] blds ftlesa dksbZ f[kyokM+ gksxk D;ksafd fuf'pr leFkZd tkfroknh fdlh Hkh le; fdlh Hkh txg tkfr lewg ds vanj ds oxks± dk lekt esa lnL;ksa ds chp dh la j puk dks c<+ k rs jgrs gS a A ;g ,d la Ø ked jks x gksuk ,d lPpkbZ gSA lEHko ugha gSA oxZ fdlh Hkh :i esa dh rjg gS ftlds ihNs 'kknh&fookg dh ijEijk dk iQyLo:i tkfr ik;k tk ldrk gS] O;oLFkk esa ckgjh pyu lgk;d dh rjg dk;Z djrk gS A oxZ dk vFkZ dsoy lewgksa ;k oxks± ds vkfFkZd oxZ ls ughaA lkFk dksbZ lekxe vr% dksbZ Hkh O;fDr fdlh u fdlh oxZ ls bUdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk fd lHkh ;k f[kyokM+ u djuk] tkfr O;oLFkk ds dk lnL; t:j gksrk gS pkgs oks vkfFkZd] ys[kdksa us dqN&dqN egRoiw.kZ ckrsa tkfr vUnj dk ra=k gS ;gh bldh [kkfl;r gS lkekftd ;k ckSf¼d oxZ ls gksA ,oa fganw ds lanHkZ esa dh gSA tks vkxs py dj /kfeZd fu"ks/kKk dk feLVj lsukVZ dh ifjHkk"kk ij izdk'k :i xzg.k dj ysrk gSA vr% lkekftd lekt Hkh dHkh bl oxhZdj.k ds nk;js ls ckgj ugha vk ik;kA ckr fliQZ ;g le>us Mkyrs gq;s ckcklkgsc us dgk fd ^fo'kqf¼ lekxe ;k f[kyokM+ tkfr dk egRoiw.kZ dh gS fd dkSu lk oxZ dkSu lh tkfr dk dk fopkj* tkfr dk vk/kj ugha gS ;g ra=k gS u fd eq[; ;k vk/kjHkwr ra=k gS] :i /kj.k djrk gSA vr% tkfr ,d can fl¼kUr vkerkSj ij iqjksfgr izFkkokn esa tks dkj.k ugha cfYd ifj.kke gSA oxZ gS A bl o.kZ O;oLFkk dk fuekZ.k mRiUu gksrk gSA bldh t:jr 'kqf¼ ds vEcsMdj us MkW dsrdj dh ifjHkk"kk djus okys ogh tkfr ds gSa tks lxks=k lanHkZ esa fufgr gSA iQyLo:i ^fo'kqf¼ dks cgqr gn rd egRo fn;k] D;ksafd oks fookg dh izFkk ds leFkZd Fks vFkkZr~ dk fopkj* dks iw.kZ:is.k vyx fd;k tk tkfr dh ifjHkk"kk esa tkfr dh O;oLFkk czkã.kA lxks=k fotkrh; fookg izFkk dh ldrk gS fcuk tkfr ds dk;Zdyki dks dks tkfr ls tksM+ dj O;k[;k djrs gSaA Bsl igqapk,A ^fo'kqf¼ dk fopkj* dks dsrdj ds vuqlkj nks ckrsa tkfr O;oLFkk ppkZ uhps ds Hkkx esa dh xbZ gSA vizSy 2014
36
lkekftd U;k; lans'k
dks ifjHkkf"kr djrh gSa igyk&^vUrtkZrh; ckcklkgsc ds vuqlkj] izkphu rkdrksa esa rksM+dj fotkrh; fookg dh izFkk dks fookg dk fu"ks/* ,oa nwljk *lgt tuu ls ,d fotkrh; fookg dh izFkk Hkkjr esa viuk ysaxsA ijUrq] pawfd izd`fr dk dksbZ ;k vLriztuu }kjk lnL;rk*A ijarq cgqr izpfyr Fkh] ijUrq lekt ds fodkl Hkjkslk ugha] nksuksa iRuh ;k ifr esa ls dksbZ vEcsMdj bu nksuksa fcUnqvksa dks ,d gh ds lkFk bldh egÙkk de gqbZA mlh txg Hkh igys e`R;q dks izkIr gks ldrk gSA bl flDds ds nks igyw ekurs gSa] tks tkfr lxks=k fookg dh izFkk] Hkkjr esa ugha FkhA lanHkZ esa nks fLFkfr mRiUu gksrh gSaA vxj O;oLFkk dks le>us ds fy, eq[; fcUnqvksa ijUrq] tkfr O;oLFkk dks dk;e djus ds ifr dk nsgkar gks tkrk gS] rks fo/ok esa ls ,d gSA D;ksafd] vxj vki vUrtkZrh; fy,] lxks=k fookg dh izFkk dks lgh vkSjr ljIyl owesu cu tkrh gS] ftlds fookg ij izfrcUèkq yxkrs gSa rks Lor% gh ekurs gq;s fotkrh; fookg dks cny fn;k dkj.k efgykvksa dh la[;k esa c<+ksrjh gks lnL;rk dks Hkh ckf/r djrs gSaA x;kA fotkrh; fookg dh izFkk Hkkjr esa tkrh gS vkSj ;g lxks=k fookg dh izFkk ^vUrtkZrh; fookg dk fu"ks/* dks cgqr dM+s dk;ns dkuwu ds lkFk ekuk ds fy, [krjukd gSA blfy, bl ljIyl ^lxks=k fookg* ,aMksxkeh dgk tkrk gS] tkrk Fkk] ftlds dkj.k ,d tkfr ds owesu dk bl izdkj fuiVkjk fd;k tk, ftls vEcsMdj tkfr O;oLFkk dk lkj yksx nwljh tkfr ls 'kknh fookg djrs FksA ftlls la[;k esa vlekurk u vk ik;sA ekurs gSaA vEcsMdj ;g Hkh ekurs gSa fd] tkfr dksbZ leL;k ugha FkhA lgh ek;us esa MkW- vEcsMdj dgrs gSa fd ,slh nwljs ns'kksa vkSj fLFkfr esa ljIyl leqnk;ksa esa Hkh lxks=k owesu dk nks rjhds ckcklkgs c dgrs gS a fd vxj iRuh dk ns g ka r gks tk, fookg dk izpyu ls fuiVkjk fd;k tk rks fo/q j ifr ljIyl eS u cu tkrk gS ] tks mlh iz d kj gS] tgka tkfr dk ldrk gSA igyk fd dksbZ ljksdkj ugha gS] tkfr ds lxks=k fookg dh izFkk ds fy, gkfudkjd gSA mls tyk fn;k tk;s] ijarq Hkkjr dh fLFkfr ftl oDr mlds ija r q lfn;ka s ls enks ± dks Js " B ekuk x;k gS blfy, tks fHkUu gSA D;ksafd ifr dks tyk;k tkrk Hkkjr ds yksx ,d O;oLFkk fo/okvksa ds fy, dh x;h ogh O;oLFkk foèkqj gSA ijUrq ;g rjhdk ^ltkrh; lEiw.kZ* ds fy, ykxw ugha gksrh gS] D;ksafd og cgqr gh vlaHko gS] fiQj ;k dk fuekZ.k djrs gSa] rks mldh 'kknh djk egRoiw . kZ gS lew g ds fy,A mlds fy, iq u % 'kknh dh ftldk vk/kj nh tk, ugha rks oks lkaLd`frd lekurk O;oLFkk gSA oSls ftl yM+dh dh vHkh 'kknh dh mez fdlh Hkh nwljs ,oa lEesyu gSA bl O;fDr ds lkFk ;k ugha gq b Z gS ys f du ljIyl es u ls 'kknh djuh gS rks de izdkj dh ltkrh; nwljh tkfr esa vkèkkj ds lekt esa mez dh yM+dh ls 'kknh dj nsuk rks cky&fookg dks lEcUèk cuk,xh tks tc lxks=k fookg c<+kok nsuk gSA fd tkfr ds lxks=k dks yk;k tkrk gS rks fookg ds fy, ;g tkfr O;oLFkk [krjukd gSA vxj dh dfBukbZ dks mtkxj djrk gSA vr% fotkrh; fookg ds lanHkZ esa tkfr dk mldh 'kknh fiQj ls djkbZ tkrh gS rks oj Hkkjr esa tkfr dk eryc tula[;k dks fuekZ.k gh laHko ugha FkkA tSls gh lxks=k dh leku la[;k ij izHkko iM+sxk vkSj tks d`f=ke <ax ls fuf'pr bZdkbZ;ksa esa foHkkftr fookg dh izFkk vk;h] tkfr Hkh vk x;hA 'kknh ds yk;d efgyk gS mlds oj esa djuk gS] ftlesa lxks=k fookg izFkk ds vc pawfd tkfr ,oa xks=k dks fookg ds deh vk tk;sxhA vr% nwljk mik; mlds }kjk izR;sd dks nwljh bdkbZ ds lkFk tqM+us fy, egRoiw.kZ cuk;k x;k] ftlesa leku fy, ;gh gS fd mlds fy, fo/ok izFkk ls jksdukA iQyLo:i lxks=k fookg gh xks=k esa 'kknh gh oS/ ekuh xbZ] blls cgqr dk izpyu dj fn;k tk,A bl rjg] èkqjh gS Hkkjr esa tkfr O;oLFkk dks dk;e ls vkSj ra=k dh mRifÙk gqbZA ljIyl owesu ds fy, fo/ok izFkk gh djus ds fy,A vc lxks=k fookg dh izFkk dks pykus ,d mÙke mik; fn[krk gS] ftleas lkjh tkfr O;oLFkk dk j[k&j[kko ds fy, nksuksa fyaxksa esa lekurk j[kuk Hkh leL;kvksa dk lek/ku gSA bl izdkj Hkkjr esa /eZ dh ikSjkf.kd O;oLFkk t:jh gS] vU;Fkk vleku la[;k gksus ds foèkok vkSjr dks lkjh lq[k lqfo/koksa ls dh izxk<+ fo"k; oLrq vkt Hkh ekStwn gSA dkj.k yksx lxks=k fookg ds izpyu dks ckgj j[kk tkrk gSA muds lkFk gq;s cjrko lkekftd U;k; lans'k
37
vizSy 2014
,oa thou ds ckjs esa foLrkj ls fy[kus dh t:jr gSA ckcklkgsc dgrs gSa fd vxj iRuh dk nsgkar gks tk, rks fo/qj ifr ljIyl eSu cu tkrk gS] tks mlh izdkj tkfr ds lxks=k fookg dh izFkk ds fy, gkfudkjd gSA ijarq lfn;kas ls enks± dks Js"B ekuk x;k gS blfy, tks O;oLFkk fo/okvksa ds fy, dh x;h ogh O;oLFkk fo/qj ds fy, ykxw ugha gksrh gS] D;ksafd og cgqr gh egRoiw.kZ gS lewg ds fy,A mlds fy, iqu% 'kknh dh O;oLFkk gSA oSls ftl yM+dh dh vHkh 'kknh dh mez ugha gqbZ gS ysfdu ljIyl esu ls 'kknh djuh gS rks de mez dh yM+dh ls 'kknh dj nsuk rks cky&fookg dks c<+kok nsuk gSA bl izdkj] etcwj fo/ok izFkk] ckfydk fookg ,oa lrh tSlh izFkkvksa dk izpyu fganw lekt esa tkfr O;oLFkk ds ra=k dh rjg dk;Z djrs jgs gSaA bl lnaHkZ eas ckcklkgsc dk dguk gS fd] cgqr ls n'kZu gaS ftUgksaus bu lkekftd cqjkbZ;ksa ds leFkZu eas ckras fy[kh gaS] ijUrq budh mRifÙk ,oa ra=k ij fdlh us è;ku vkdf"kZr ugh afd;kA tkfr O;oLFkk dk lEeku fd;k tkrk gS D;ksafd bldk vH;kl fd;k tkrk gAS ckck lkgcs us bl ckr ij tksj nsrs gq;s dgk fd lrh] tcnZLrh foèkok izFkk ,oa ckfydk fookg tSlh dqizFkkvksa dk fuekZ.k ljIyl esu vkSj ljIyl oew us dh leL;k dks Bhd djus ds fy, cuk Fkk ftlls lxks=k fookg dks dk;e j[kk tk ldsA vr% etcwr lxks=k fookg ukeqedhu gS fcuk ,slh izFkkvksa ds] mlh izdkj tkfr O;oLFkk Hkh ukeqedhu gS fcuk lxks=k fookg dh izFkk dsA tkfr O;oLFkk dk fodkl tkfr O;oLFkk ds ra=k dh ppkZ djus ds ckn] ckcklkgsc us] bldh mRifÙk dh ckr dks fuf'pr oxks± ds fl¼kar ls tksM+kA ,oa tc lekt oxks± esa foHkkftr FkkA ,oa vizSy 2014
czkã.k oxZ esa lxks=k O;oLFkk dks dk;e j[kus dh ckr ij tkfr dks vkSj Hkh etcwr cuk;k x;kA tkfr dh mRifÙk vkSj blds fodkl dh xkFkk dqN vyx ugha gS cfYd cgqr etcwrh ls tqM+h gqbZ gSA ckcklkgsc dgrs gSa fd gj lekt esa dkuwu cukus okyk gksrk gSA Hkkjr ds lanHkZ esa euq us bl dk;Z dks vatke fn;kA ijUrq bl ckr dks dguk fcYdqy mfpr gS fd tkfr O;oLFkk cgqr igys ls ns'k esa ekStwn FkhA euq us bl tkfr O;oLFkk dk nk'kZfudhdj.k dj fn;kA mlus igys ls ekStwn tkfr O;oLFkk dk lafgrkdj.k dj tkfr /eZ dks LFkkfir dj fn;k] mlds mijkar 'kkL=kksa ds }kjk tkfr O;oLFkk dks laxfBr dj fn;k x;kA tkfr O;oLFkk ds fodkl ds ckjs esa cgqr dqN dgk tk pqdk gSa tSls] jkstxkj] Vªkbcy laLFkkvksa dk cps jguk] u, fo'o dk fodkl] ladj.k ,oa foLFkkiuA ckcklkgsc us dgk fd ,slh O;oLFkk,¡ vkSj Hkh lektksa es ikbZ tkrh jgh gSa] ijUrq mu lektksa esa tkfr O;oLFkk dk fodkl D;ksa ugha gqvk\ vEcsMdj bl ij dgrs gSa fd] ge lcdks irk gS fd fganw lekt dk fuekZ.k pkj oxks± ls gqvk gSA czkã.k ;k iqjksfgr oxZ] {kf=k; ;k lsuk oxZ] oS'; ;k O;kikjh oxZ] 'kwnz ;k etnwj oxZA [kkl ckr ;g gS fd ;g ,d o.kZ O;oLFkk gS ftlesa O;fDr vius jkstxkj dks cnydj o.kZ dks cny ldrk FkkA ,slh fLFkfr esa cgqr le; rd czkã.k ;k iqjksfgr o.kks± us vius&vki dks nwljs oxks± ls vyx j[kk gS ,oa ,d can njokts dh uhfr ls lxks=k fookg izFkk dks pykus yxsA ns[kk&ns[kh nwljs oxks± us Hkh le; ds lkFk ,slk gh fd;kA ;g ckr ,slh gS ftlesa dgk tk, fd dqN yksxksa us njokts can fd, vkSj dqN yksxks dks njokts can feys ckcklkgsc us blds ckjs esa crk;k fd blesa igyk Hkkx euksoSKkfud O;k[;k dk gS rks nwljk Hkkx ;a=kor gS] ijarq nksuksa dk gksuk gh 38
tkfr ds cukus dh dgkuh ds iw.kZrk dks crkrs gSaA bldh udy djus dh izfØ;k dks ckcklkgsc us ^udy dk laØe.k* crk;kA tks tkfr O;oLFkk ds foLrkj ds fy, ftEesnkj gSA blh izfØ;kdks viukrs gq;s nwljs o.ksaZ us o.kZ dks tkfr cuk fn;kA udy ds dkuwu dh O;k[;k djrs gq;s ckcklkgsc] xScfj;y VjMs ds fn;s x;s dkuwuksa dh ckrsa djrs gSaA bl izdkj] ckcklkgsc us tkfr ds mn~xe ra=k ,oa foLrkj ;k fodkl dh ppkZ vius ys[k esa cgqr gh lkiQ 'kCnksa esa dh gSA tks ckrsa tkfr O;oLFkk ds foLrkj ds fy;s mUgksaus dh] tks fd udy dh izfØ;k gS] oks izfØ;k ekufld :i ls vkt Hkh lekt esa cgqr gh izxk<+ :i ls ekStwn gSA xksiky xq# us vius ys[k nfyr ewoesaV bu esuLVªhe lksf'k;ksykWth esa lks'ky eksfcfyVh ,oa Jhfuokl us lsULVªhVkbZts'ku ds igyqvksa dh ppkZ esa eq[;r% ;g crkrs gSa fd fdl izdkj vkt Hkh udy dh izfØ;k pkyw gSA ijUrq bu nksuksa ys[kdksa dk dguk FkksM+k vyx gS ,oa mudk lanHkZ Hkh vyx gSA ijarq ;g ckr fcYdqy gh lkiQ gS fd vkt Hkh lekt esa udy dk laØe.k tkjh gS ftlds ifj.kke fHkUu gSa ,oa mUgsa ns[kus dk utfj;k cny x;k gSA nwljh egRoiw.kZ ckr lxks=k fookg dh gSA vkt Hkh 'kkfn;ksa dk izpyu tkfr ds vk/kj ij gksrk gSA tgka ge vk/qfudrk dh ckr djrs gSa ogha] lxks=k fookg dh izfØ;k ij tksj de ugha gqvk gS] ;k ;ksa dgsa fd rst gh gqvk gSA vkt tkfr dh leL;k ns'k ds vyx&vyx {ks=kksa esa Hkh O;kIr gS tgk¡&tgk¡ euqoknh x;s] bl O;oLFkk esa deh vkus dh txg blesa O;kid foLrkj fnu&ij&fnu gksrk tk jgk gS ftlesa vkèkqfudrk us blesa lgk;rk gh dh gSA (ys[kd fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ds jktuhfr foKku foHkkx eas 'kks/kFkhZ gSa)
lkekftd U;k; lans'k
nfyr lkfgR; ij MkW- vEcsMdj dk izHkko fufrdk xqIrk
v
uqlwfpr tkfr vkSj tutkfr ds yksxksa dks ^gfjtu* vkSj ^vkfnoklh* dgdj lEcksf/r fd;k tkrk FkkA ij nks&rhu n'kdksa ls vuqlwfpr tkfr vkSj tutkfr ds yksxksa ds fy, ^nfyr* 'kCn dk vR;f/d iz;ksx gksus yxk gSA c`gr~ fgUnh ds vuqlkj nfyr 'kCn dk vFkZ gS& jkSank] dqpyk] inkØkar vkSj nck;k gqvk O;fDrA bl 'kCn dk lcls igys iz;ksx lÙkj ds n'kd dh 'kq#vkr esa MkW vEcsMdj ds uockS¼ vuq;kf;;ksa us fd;k FkkA buds vuqlkj nfyr og gS tks rksM+ fn;k x;k gS vkSj ftls mlds lkekftd ntsZ ls Åij cSBs yksxksa us tku&cw>dj fu;ksftr :Ik ls dqpy Mkyk gSA bl 'kCn esa NqvkNwr] deZ&fl¼kUr vkSj tkfrxr Js.khØe dk udkj fufgr gSA bl izdkj nfyr 'kCn mu O;fDr;ksa ds fy, iz;ksx gksrk gS tks lkekftd lajpuk esa lcls fupys ik;nku ij vofLFkr gSA bUgsa tUeuk vNwr le>k x;k gSA lkFk gh budk lo.kks± }kjk vR;f/d 'kks"k.k fd;k tkrk jgk gSA nfyr 'kCn lkfgR; ds lkFk feydj ,d ubZ lkfgfR;d /kjk ^nfyr lkfgR;* dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA nfyr lkfgR; og gS tks ekuoh; laosnukvksa vkSj lkekftd ljksdkjksa dh ;FkkFkZoknh vfHkO;fDr djrk gSA nfyr fpUrd daoy Hkkjrh ds vuqlkj ^^nfyr lkfgR; ls vfHkizk; ml lkfgR; ls gS ftlesa nfyrksa us Lo;a viuh ihM+k dks :ikf;r fd;k gS vius thou&la?k"kZ esa nfyrksa us ftl ;FkkFkZ dks Hkksxk gS] nfyr lkfgR; mudh mlh vfHkO;fDr dk lkekftd U;k; lans'k
lkfgR; gSA ;g dyk ds fy, dyk ugha] cfYd thou dk vkSj thou dh ftthfo"kk dk lkfgR; gSA blhfy, dguk u gksxk fd okLro esa nfyrksa }kjk fy[kk x;k lkfgR; gh nfyr lkfgR; dh dksfV esa vkrk gSA** lanHkZ\ vtqZu Mk¡xys ds vuqlkj]^^nfyr ;kfu 'kksf"kr] ihfM+r lekt] /eZ o vU; dkj.kksa ls ftldk vkfFkZd] lkekftd] lkaLd`frd 'kks"k.k fd;k tkrk gS] og euq"; vkSj ogh euq"; ØkfUr dj ldrk gSA ;g nfyr lkfgR; dk fo'okl gSA** MkW- lh- ch- Hkkjrh ds vuqlkj] ^^nfyr lkfgR; uo;qx dk ,d O;kid oSKkfud o ;FkkFkZijd laosnu'khy lkfgfR;d gLr{ksi gSA ,oa tks dqN Hkh rdZlaxr] oSKkfud] ijEijkvksa ds iwokZxzgksa ls eqDr lkfgR;&l`tu gS] mls ge nfyr lkfgR; ds uke ls laKkf;r djrs gSaA** lanHkZ ogha MkW- gfjukjk;.k Bkdqj ds vuqlkj nfyr lkfgR; nfyr psruk dh mRdV vkSj lkFkZd vfHkO;fDr gSA ;g ftl laosnuk] ekuoh; ewY; vkSj ljksdkjksa dh ckr djrk gS] mldh tM+ esa lkekftd U;k;] tkrh; lejlrk] lerk] cU/qRo vkSj lEeku dh Hkkouk fufgr gSA bl izdkj nfyr lkfgR; nfyr nqnZ'kk dk lPpk nLrkost gSA ;g LorU=krk] lerk vkSj cU/qrk dh ckr djrk gSA lkFk gh ;g lkekftd cnyko dk fcxqy Hkh ctkrk gSA orZeku es nfyr lkfgR; vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lo:Ik ys pqdk gSA nfyr lkfgR; ij lcls vf/d izHkko MkW- Hkhejko vEcsMdj dk fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA MkW39
vEcsMdj dk tUe 14 vizSy] 1891 dks eè; izns'k dh egw Nkouh esa egkj tkfr ds ifjokj esa gqvkA mudk iSr`d xk¡o jRukfxjh ftys dk vEckoMs xk¡o FkkA muds firk dk uke jketh jko vkSj ekrk dk uke HkhekckbZ FkkA muds firk iQkSt esa FksA tc og ikap o"kZ ds Fks rc mudh ekrk dk nsgkar gks x;kA egkjk"Vª esa uke ds lkFk xk¡o dk uke ^dj* yxkdj fy[kk tkrk gS blfy, tc og viuh izkjafHkd f'k{kk ds fy, lrkjk ds ,d ljdkjh Ldwy esa x, rks mudk uke ^Hkhejko vEckoMsdj* fy[kk x;kA ,d vEcsMdj miuke ds vè;kid us muls dgk fd ^vEckoMsdj* cksyus esa vViVk yxrk gS] vr% rqe ^vEcsMdj* miuke fy[kk djksA cl rHkh ls mUgsa Hkhejko vEcsMdj dgdj lEcksf/r fd;k tkus yxkA dq'kkxz cqf¼ dk gksus ds dkj.k og f'k{kk&vtZu djrs jgrs FksA lu~ 1907 esa mUgksaus eSfVªd dh ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ dhA Lku~ 1908 esa 17 o"kZ dh vk;q esa MkW- vEcsMdj dk fookg jekckbZ ds lkFk gqvkA mUgksaus cM+kSnk ds egkjkt }kjk nh tkus okyh 25 #i;s izfrekg Nk=ko`fÙk ds cycwrs lu~ 1912 esa ch- ,- dh ijh{kk vPNs vadksa ls mÙkh.kZ dhA fiQj og mPp f'k{kk ds fy, fons'k pys x,A vesfjdk ds dksyafc;k fo'ofo|ky; ls mUgksaus ,e-,- vkSj ih,p-Mh- dh fMxzh izkIr dhA ijarq vpkud Nk=ko`fÙk can fd, tkus ij og Hkkjr ykSV vk, vkSj cM+kSnk dh lsuk esa lSU; lfpo ds in ij dk;Z djus yxsA ysfdu fj;klr dh lsok esa mUgsa vusd izdkj ds vieku >syus iM+sA ckn esa og vizSy 2014
cEcbZ ds flMuse dkWyst vkWiQ dkWelZ ,.M bdkWuksfeDl esa izksisQlj gks x,A 1920 esa dksYgkiqj ds 'kkgw th egkjkt }kjk Nk=ko`fÙk izkIr djds] og viuh vèkwjh i<+kbZ ds fy, yanu pys x,A lu~ 1923 esa mUgsa MkWDVj vkWiQ lkabl (Mh,l-lh-) dh mikf/ izkIr gqbZA yanu esa cSfjLVjh ikl djds] og Hkkjr okil ykSV vk,A fiQj og cEcbZ gkbZdksVZ esa odkyr djus yxs vkSj cEcbZ fo/ku&ifj"kn~ ds lnL; euksuhr gq,A MkW- vEcsMdj us lekt&lq/kj ds vusd dk;Z fd,A muds izsj.kk lzksr dchj] iQwys vkSj egkRek cq¼ FksA mUgksaus viuh izfl¼ iqLrd ^'kwnz dkSu Fks\* dks egkRek iQwys dks lefiZr fd;k gSaA mUgksaus vNwrksa] xjhcksa] fdlkuksa] fL=k;ksa] etnwjksa lHkh ds lkekftd] jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd eqn~nksa dks mBk;kA Hkkjrh; lekt esa vNwrksa dh nhu&ghu fLFkfr ds os [kqn HkksDrk jgs Fks blfy, mUgksaus vU;k; vkSj 'kks"k.k ds fo#¼ dbZ vkanksyu fd,A mUgksaus vNwrksa ds m¼kj ds fy, 1917 ds vkl&ikl gh vkanksyu 'kq: dj fn, FksA ysfdu 1927 ls muds vkanksyuksa us tksj idM+uk 'kq: fd;kA muds izeq[k vkUnksyuksa esa egkM+ lR;kxzg (1927)] dkykjke efUnj&izos'k vkUnksyu (1929&30)] yscj ikVhZ dh LFkkiuk (1936)] ukxiqj lEesyu (1942)] /eZ ifjorZu vkUnksyu (1956)] vkfn egÙoiw.kZ gSaA mUgksaus cfg"d`r Hkkjr] ewd uk;d vkSj turk v[kckj fudkysA MkW- vEcsMdj tkr&ikr rksM+dj Hkkjr eas ,d oxZfoghu&o.kZfoghu lekt dh LFkkiuk djuk pkgrs FksA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd L=kh pkgs fdlh Hkh oxZ ;k tkfr dh gks mldk lekt }kjk 'kks"k.k gksrk gh gSA dksbZ Hkh ns'k rHkh rjDdh dj ldrk gS tc ogk¡ dh fL=k;ksa vkSj cPpksa dh fLFkfr vPNh gksA mUgksaus yM+dksa ds lkFk&lkFk gh yM+fd;ksa dh f'k{kk dh vizSy 2014
vksj Hkh lekt dk è;ku dsfUnzr fd;kA mUgksaus cky&fookg dk tedj fojks/ fd;kA lkFk gh fganw&dksM fcy ftlesa fL=k;ksa dks iq#"kksa ds leku vf/dkj fn, x, Fks] dks ikl djokus ds fy, eaf=keaMy ls R;kxi=k Hkh fn;kA muds iz;kl ls gh lafo/ku esa lekurk ds vf/dkj dks ekSfyd vf/dkj ekuk x;kA muds bUgha dk;ksZa ds dkj.k mUgsa ^ckcklkgsc* dgdj Hkh lEcksf/r fd;k x;k gSA tc vusd lq/kjoknh vkUnksyuksa ds ckn Hkh tkfrHksn lekIr ugha gqvk rks vEcsMdj us gkjdj 14 vDVwcj 1956 dks ,d fo'kky tulHkk es yk[kksa nfyrksa ds lkFk ckS¼ èkeZ Lohdkj dj fy;kA mlh o"kZ 6 fnlEcj 1956 dks mudk ifjfuokZ.k gks x;kA MkW- vEcsMdj dh ifjfuokZ.k ds ckn 2 ekpZ] 1958 dks cEcbZ esa igyk nfyr lkfgR; lEesyu gqvkA nfyr ys[kd dgkuh] dfork] miU;kl] vkRedFkk] ,dkadh] ukVd vkfn ds ekè;e ls vius vuqHkoksa dks dykRed <ax ls vfHkO;Dr djus yxsA vfLerk vkSj ckn esa vfLerkn'kZ uked =kSekfld if=kdk ds fujarj izdk'ku us nfyr ys[kdksa dks ys[ku ds fy, izsfjr fd;kA ejkBh nfyrksa }kjk 9 tqykbZ] 1972 dks ^nfyr iSaFkj* dh LFkkiuk vkSj mlh o"kZ ukenso <lky ds dkO; ladyu ^xksy ihBk* ds izdk'ku us nfyr lkfgR; dks LFkkfir fd;kA MkW- vEcsMdj dk ekuuk Fkk] fd fopkj lhekvksa esa vkc¼ ugha jg ldrs] ,d ckj izdkf'kr gksus ij os lHkh fn'kkvksa esa iQSy tkrs gSaA ;g ckr iw.kZr% nfyr lkfgR; ij ykxw gksrh gSA nfyr lkfgR; orZeku esa Hkkjr dh yxHkx lHkh Hkk"kkvksa esa jpk tk jgk gSA nfyr lkfgR; ij MkW- vEcsMdj dk xgjk izHkko gSA MkW- vEcsMdj dh vkRedFkk ^^eh dlk >kyks** (eSa ,sls cuk) ls izsfjr gksdj nfyr ys[kdksa us vkRedFkk fy[kuh vkjaHk dhA nfyr 40
vkRedFkkvksa esa nfyr thou ;FkkFkZ :Ik esa iznf'kZr gqvk gSA tgk¡ lkekU; vkRedFkkvksa esa O;fDr fo'ks"k dk fp=k.k gksrk gS] ogha nfyr vkRedFkkvksa esa iwjs lekt dk fp=k.k izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA n;k iokj dh ^cywr* vNwr] 'kj.kdqekj fyckays dh ^vDdjek'kh*] eksgunkl uSfe'kjk; dh ^vius&vius fiatjs*] vkseizdk'k okYehfd dh ^twBu*] ';kSjkt flag ^cspSu* dh ^esjk cpiu esjs da/ksa ij*] MkW- rqylhjke dh ^eqnZfg;k* vkfn vkRedFkkvksa esa ys[kdksa us vius vuqHkoksa dks vfHkO;fDr iznku dh gSaA MkW- vEcsMdj dh ekU;rk Fkh fd lkekftd Økafr eas L=kh dks Hkh iq#"k dh lg;ksxh cuuk pkfg,A og fL=k;ksa dh f'k{kk dkss ysdj cgrq ltx FksA mUgksaus fofHkUu dk;ksZa }kjk efgyk l'kDrhdj.k dh uhoa MkyhA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd ns'k rc rd rjDdh ugh a dj ldrk tc rd mldh vk/h vkcknh fL=k;ksa dks leku volj uk feys muds iz;klkas dk gh ifj. kke gS fd vkt nfyr lkfgR; us gh nfyr efgyk dks thus dk vk'k; le>k;k gSA orZeku esa dbZ nfyr ysf[kdk,a nfyr lkfgR; jp jgh gSa] tSls&jtr jkuh ^ehuw*] dkSlY;k cSla=kh] csch dkacys] lq'khyk iokj] vfurk Hkkjrh] 'kf'k fueZyk] uhjk ijekj] iwue rq"kkeM+ vkfnA lkFk gh ;g MkW- vEcsMdj ds lans'k dks vke efgyk rd igq¡pkus dk dk;Z Hkh dj jgh gAaS Lo:Ik jkuh viuh dfork eas nfyr L=kh ds neu dks fuEu izdkj ls fpf=kr djrh gSa& ^^vjs gk¡----viuh ftanxh dks eSaus ft;k dc\ ?kj esa iq#"kkgadkj ,d xky ij FkIiM+ Ekkjrk gS rks Xkyh esa o.kZ vkf/iR; nwljs xky ij pksV djrk gSA** Okgha uhye dqekjh viuh dfork lkekftd U;k; lans'k
^mM+ku* esa f'k{kk }kjk Lora=krk ikuk pkgrh gSa& ^^lksprh gw¡ [kkst yw¡ mu fdrkcksa esa vius gksus dk vfLrRo Ckkdh rks thou esa okLrfod dqN ugha dsoy Hkkoqd lEcU/ksa dk ?ksjk gS tks jgrk gS] lkFk ges'kk ek¡] firk] HkkbZ] ifr vkSj cPpksa ds lkFk cl] eSa pkgrh gw¡ bu lEcU/ksa dh dwVuhfr ls ckgj fudyuk ml fpfM+;k ds leku tks viuh mM+ku [kqn mM+uk pkgrh gS uhys] LoPN vkdk'k dks tks Nwuk pkgrh gSA** blh izdkj nfyr dFkk&lkfgR; esa Hkh MkW- vEcsMdj dk izHkko lkiQ fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA nfyr dFkk&lkfgR; esa Hkh lkekftd O;oLFkk dk fojks/ fd;k x;k
gSA blds dsUnz esa ifjorZu dh psruk gSA t;izdk'k dnZe us vius miU;kl ^NIij* eas eq[; :Ik ls nfyr fL=k;ksa ds ;kSu&'kks"k.k dh leL;k dks mBk;k gSA lR;izdk'k dk miU;kl ^tl rl HkbZ losj* nfyr thou dh =kklnh dk lPpk nLrkost gSA ogha eksgunkl uSfe'kjk; dk ^eqfDr&ioZ* miU;kl nfyrksa dh LorU=krk vkSj lekurk ij vk/kfjr gSA izse dikfM+;k dk ^feV~Vh dh lkSxU/*] dkSlY;k cSla=kh dk ^nksgjk vfHk'kki*] :iflag pUnsy dk ^iRFkj Vhyk*] Hkxokunkl eksjoky dk ^dkyk igkM+* vkfn miU;kl nfyr lkfgR; dks foLrkj iznku djrs gSaA lkFk gh vkseizdk'k okYehfd dh ^iPphl pkSdk Ms<+ lkS*] lwjtiky pkSgku dh ^fVYyw dk iksrk*] ';kSjkt flag ^cspSu* dk ^'kks/&izcU/*] n;kuUn cVksgh dh ^lqjax* vkfn dgkfu;ksa esa Hkh vEcsMdjoknh fopkj/kjk dh >yd fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA bl izdkj dg ldrs gSa fd MkWvEcsMdj nfyr lkfgR; ds iFk&izn'kZd gSA mUgksaus gh nfyr L=kh&iq#"k dks euksoSKkfud eqfDr iznku dh gSA nfyr lkfgR; vEcsMdjoknh lksp ij vk/kfjr
gSA bl dkj.k ;g orZeku lekt&O;oLFkk dks fljs ls [kkfjt djrk gSA nfyr lkfgR; nhu&ghu O;fDr;ksa }kjk cs'kd fy[kk x;k gS] ysfdu ;g iwjs lekt dks izsfjr vkSj izHkkfor djrk gSA MkW- vEcsMdj ds izHkko ds dkj.k gh nfyr lkfgR; O;fDr dh LorU=krk vkSj vfHkO;fDr dks izkFkfedrk nsrk gSA vr% nfyr lkfgR; MkW- vEcsMdj dk lnk ½.kh jgsxkA lanHkZ&lwph %& 1
lEiknd&dkfydk izlkn] jktoYyHk lgk;] eqdqUnhyky JhokLro] c`gr~ fgUnh dks'k] Kkue.My fyfeVsM okjk.klhA
2
Bkdqj MkW- gfjukjk;.k] nfyr lkfgR; dk lekt'kkL=k] Hkkjrh; KkuihB fnYyh] laLdj.kA
3
okYehfd vkseizdk'k] nfyr lkfgR; dk lkSUn;Z'kkL=k] jk/kkd`".k izdk'ku fnYyhA
4
Bkdqj MkW- gfjukjk;.k] nfyr lkfgR; dk lekt'kkL=k] Hkkjrh; KkuihB fnYyhA
5
dlcs jkolkgsc] vuqoknd&m"kk cSjkxdj vkBys] vkacsMdj vkSj ekDlZ] laokn izdk'ku esjBA (ysf[kdk vEcsMdj fo'ofo|ky; fnYyh esa 'kks/kFkhZ gSa)
vius ys[k gesa bZ- esy djsa
lkekftd U;k; lans'k esa ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj ij 'kksèkijd xaHkhj o fo'ys"k.kkRed ys[k] dfork,a] dgkfu;ka] vkfn jpuk,a vkSj nfyr&L=h&vkfnoklh lkfgR; o foe'kZ ij lkexzh HkstsaA vius ys[k] Mkd }kjk Hkstsa ;k b-Z eys djsaA b-Z eys djus ds fy, okWdeSu pk.kD; (Walkman-chankya-905) QksaV dk bLrseky djrs gq, vius oMZ vksiu QkbZy dks hilsayans@gmail.com vFkok editorsnsp@ gmail.com ij HkstsaA jpukvksa ds ekfSyd] vizlkkfjr o vizdkf'kr gksus ds lkFk gh ys[k] dfork] dgkuh vkfn jpukvkas ds cMs+ gksus ij mls de dju]s fopkjkuqlkj 'kfq)dj.k dj mlesa tksM+us o fdlh ckr dh lgh iqf"V u gksus ij mls Bhd djus dh lgefr dk izek.k i= Hkh layXu djsaA &lEiknd lkekftd U;k; lans'k MkW- vEcsMdj izfr"Bku] 15] tuiFk ubZ fnYyh&110001 VsyhQksu % 011&23320588] 23320589 eksckby % 07503210124
lkekftd U;k; lans'k
41
vizSy 2014
MkW- vEcsMdj ds O;fDrRo dk vlj izhrk gfjr
MkW-
vEcsMdj ,d ,sls egku O;fDr gSa ftuds thou vkSj la?k"kZ us O;fDrxr~ :i ls eq>s çHkkfor fd;k gSA tc ls eSua s gks'k lEHkkyk] Lo;a dks lkekftd ifjçs{; esa ,d vfrfof'k"V ifjfLFkfr esa ik;kA og le; tc Ldwy dh ,d&,d lgikfBuh Lo;a dks czkã.k ;k [k=kh crkrs gq, xkSjokfUor gqvk djrh Fkh] eaS viuh tUetkr lkekftd fLFkfr ls vutku gksrs gq, Hkh mu lgikfBfu;ksa }kjk ghu fLFkfr esa /dsy nh tkrh FkhA dkj.k] D;ksfa d mudh rjg eSa viuh okpky ok.kh ls Lo;a dks czkã.k ;k [k=kh ?kksf"kr ugha dj ikrh FkhA Li"V Fkk] fd eq>s irk gh ugha Fkk fd eSa dkuS gw\¡+ èkeZ vkjS tkfr ds vuqlkj eSa fdl Js.kh esa gw\¡ lkekftd Lrj ij esjh D;k vgfe;r gS\ eryc lkiQ Fkk fd esjs ifjokj esa bl fo"k; ij ge cPpksa ls dksbZ ppkZ ugha gqvk djrh FkhA blfy, eq>s irk ugha Fkk fd eSa tUe ls D;k gw]¡ czkã.k gw¡ ;k [k=khA ijarq bruk rks eq>s yx gh x;k Fkk fd eaS buesa ls dksbZ Hkh ugha gw]¡ D;ksfa d ;fn eaS czkã.k gksrh rks eq>s Hkh viuh mu ge mez lgikfBfu;ksa dh rjg viuh tUetkr vfHktkR;rk ds ckjs esa igys ls irk gksrkA eSa Hkksyh Fkh] eklwe Fkh] tUe ds vk/kj ij lekt esa gksus okys HksnHkko ls esjk igyk&igyk okLrk rc iM+k Fkk tc eSa egt vkB ;k ukS o"kZ dh FkhA ml NksVh mez esa eSaus vius firk ls ,d tyrk gqvk loky nkxk fd firkth ge dkSu gSa\ lHkh lgsfy;k¡ czkã.k ;k {kf=k; gSa] vkSj vizSy 2014
eq>s irk gh ugha gSa fd ge buesa ls D;k gSa \ rc esjs firk us mrus gh pkSadkus okys Loj esa eq>ls dgk fd ge ckS¼ gSaA rc esjk vxyk foo'k ç'u Fkk fd ge czkã.k] {kf=k; D;ksa ugha gSa\ firk ds ikl bldk mÙkj rks Fkk] exj eSa bruh NksVh Fkh fd ml mÙkj dks Lohdkj ugha dj ldhA ml cky eu esa tUe ls dksbZ NksVk cM+k Hkh gks ldrk gS ;k dksbZ Å¡pk&uhpk Hkh gks ldrk gS] bl ckr dk cks/ ugha gqvk FkkA [kSj] 'kh?kz gh es/koh cqf¼ gksus ds dkj.k eSa i<+us&fy[kus yxh] vkSj esjs firk us esjs cpiu ds tyrs loky ds tokc esa MkW- vEcsMdj dh thouh eq>s i<+us ds fy, Fkek nhA MkW- vEcsMdj ds thou n'kZu ls eq>s ,dk,d viuh tUefLFkfr ij ,d xoZ dk vuqHko gqvk] vkSj bl ckr ls fd eSa dksbZ czkã.k] {kf=k; ugha] tUe ls nfyr gw¡] eq>s yxk fd esjs lkeus pqukSfr;ksa dk ,d igkM+ [kM+k gqvk gSA ,slk igkM+ ftl ij MkW- vEcsMdj cgqr igys gh p<+ pqds gSa vkSj mUgksaus vdsys gh mu Å¡pkbZ;ksa ij igq¡pdj esjs fy, vkSj lekt ds lHkh nfyr yksxksa ds fy, ekxZ ç'kLr fd;k gSA MkW- vEcsMdj dk thou la?k"kZ vkSj liQyrk dk ,d egku nLrkost gSA MkW vEcsMdj us viuh ;ksX;rk vkSj dfBu ifjJe ls ns'k ls NqvkNwr ds dyad dks feVkus dk tks ç;kl fd;k gS oks ns'k ds nfyrksa ds gh fgr esa ugha] leLr ns'k dh çxfr esa mYys[kuh; gSA MkW- vEcsMdj us viuh cqf¼ {kerk ls ;g fl¼ dj fn;k 42
fd gj O;fDr tUe ls leku gS] tkfr ;k tUe ls dksbZ NksVk ;k cM+k ugha gksrk gSAa tkfr O;fDr dh cukbZ gqbZ gS] /eZ] tkfrHksn] Å¡p&uhp] NksVk&cM+k] NqvkNwr ;g ekuoh jpuk ds ugha cfYd euq"; ds cuk, gq, ca/u gSAa MkW- vEcsMdj dh thouh us esjs ckyeu dks iwjh rjg ls çHkkfor fd;kA mudh ;ksX;rk] mudh thouh 'kfDr] muds dBksj ifjJe djus dh lkeF;Zrk us esjs Hkhrj Hkh ogh fpUg mtkxj djus 'kq: dj fn,A ml NksVh mez esa MkW- vEcsMdj ds thou n'kZu us eq>s lekt esa viuh ghu fLFkfr dk cks/ djk;k vkSj lkFk gh ;s Hkh fl[kk;k fd eSa ml fLFkfr ds fy, ftEesnkj ugha gw¡ ijUrq eSa ml fLFkfr esa cus jgus ds fy, ftEesnkj t:j gw¡ ;fn eSua s MkWvEcsMdj tSls Js"B iq#"k ds cuk, gq, in~fpUgksa ij u pydj muds }kjk cuk, gq, liQyrk ds Å¡ps f'k[kj dks u NqvkA bl çdkj MkW- vEcsMdj ds vius lkekftd U;k; lans'k
thou la?k"kZ ls eq>s O;fDrxr~ çsj.kk feyhA MkW- vEcsMdj vNwr Fks ftUgsa Nwuk rks nwj ns[kuk vkSj lquuk Hkh oftZr FkkA ml frjLdkj Hkjs d"Viw.kZ thou esa MkW vEcsMdj us viuh yxu vkSj esgur ls u fliQZ mPp f'k{kk çkIr dh cfYd viuh vkSj vius tSls vNwrksa dh lkekftd n'kk dks lq/kjus ds ç;kl Hkh fd,A mu ç;klksa ds cM+s nwjxkeh ifj.kke gq,] ftuesa ls lokZf/d egRoiw.kZ gSa Hkkjr ds lafoèkku dk fuekZ.kA MkW- vEcsMdj us dfBu ç;klksa ls mPp f'k{kk çkIr dhA MkW- vEcsMdj esa tUetkr es/k Fkh] viuh rhoz cqf¼ vkSj n`<+ fu'p; ds dkj.k mUgksua s ?kksj d"V vkSj fu/Zurk dks lgrs gq, Hkh tc fons'k esa f'k{kk çkIr dh rks ml le; mUgksua s vius vki dks vNwr 'kCn ds vieku vkSj oapuk ls nwj ik;kA ml le; mUgksua s ;g iQSlyk fd;k fd ;fn O;fDr dks tUetkr çfrHkk vkSj ;ksX;rk dk lgh fodkl djuk gS rks mls leku volj vkSj O;fDrRo ds mRFkku ds fy, lgh okrkoj.k dk feyuk cgqr t:jh gSA vkSj lekt ds lEiw.kZ fodkl ds fy, fliQZ yM+dksa dh gh ugh yM+fd;ksa dh i<+kbZ Hkh mruh gh t:jh gSA vius cqf¼] cy vkSj vFkd ifjJe ls mUgksua s jktuhfr&'kkL=k] n'kZu&'kkL=k] ekuo&'kkL=k] lekt&'kkL=k vkSj vFkZ'kkL=k tSls dfBu fo"k;ksa esa ,e-,- fd;kA mUgksua s 1915 esa ^çkphu Hkkjrh; okf.kT;* ij 'kks/ çca/ fy[kkA 1916 esa mUgksua s ^Hkkjr esa tkfr;ka] mudk Lo:i] mRifÙk rFkk fodkl* ij 'kks/ çca/ çLrqr fd;k vkSj Hkkjr esa tkfr çFkk dh mRifÙk vkSj mlds cqjs ifj.kkeksa dks O;Dr fd;kA 1916 esa ih-,p-Mh- ds fy, dksyfEc;k fo'ofo|ky; esa mUgksua s ^fn us'kuy fMfoMsMa vkWiQ bafM;k , fgLVksfjd ,.M ,sukfyfVdy LVMh* ij 'kks/ fd;kA tks ckn esa ^fn ,oksY;w'ku vkWiQ bEihfj;y çksfofU'k;y iQkbusl a bu bafM;k* 'kh"kZd ls çdkf'kr gqvkA bl lkekftd U;k; lans'k
iqLrd esa MkW- vEcsMdj us fczfV'k lkezkT;oknh O;oLFkk dh Hkjiwj vkykspuk dhA MkW- vEcsMdj us tkfr çFkk dh cqjkbZ;ksa vkSj [kjkfc;ksa dks ^ewd uk;d* uked v[kckj ds ekè;e ls turk ds lkeus j[kkA fiQj mUgksua s yanu esa ^fczfV'k Hkkjr esa lkezkT;oknh foÙk dk çkarh; fodsUnzhdj.k* fo"k; ij 'kks/ çca/ fy[kkA mlds ckn mUgksua s ^:i;s dh leL;k* uke ls 'kks/ çca/ fy[kkA yanu fo'ofo|ky; esa muds 'kks/ çca/ ls Hkkjr esa fczfV'k foÙk O;oLFkk dk Lo:i Li"V gks x;k ftlls ogk¡ cqjh rjg gypy ep xbZA bl çdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd MkW- vEcsMdj us viuh rh{.k cqf¼ vkSj vlk/kj.k çfrHkk ls bruk KkuktZu fd;k fd vesfjdk ds dksyfEc;k vkSj yanu o teZuh esa viuh fo'ks"k igpku LFkkfir dhA viuh blh ;ksX;rk ds cy ij mUgksua s ckn esa Hkkjr esa NqvkNwr dh leL;k dk lek/ku fd;k vkSj Hkkjrh; lafo/ku dk fuekZ.k dj tkfrçFkk dks [kRe gh ugha fd;k cfYd lcds fy, lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd U;k; dh çfr"Bkiuk dhA MkW- vEcsMdj HkyhHkk¡fr tkurs Fks fd NqvkNwr dh leL;k dk lek/ku fganw lekt ds iqufuZekZ.k ls gh laHko gSAa tkfrokn vkSj tkfrçFkk dks [kRe djus ds fy, lafoèkku ds ekè;e ls gh ç;kl laHko gS]a vkSj ;g mUgksua s djds fn[kk;k A vkt tc eSa MkW- vEcsMdj }kjk ç'kLr fd, ekxZ ij pydj thou ds ,d lqjf{kr lksiku ij igqp ¡ pqdh gw¡ rks fiQj ls ?kwedj MkW- vEcsMdj }kjk fn, x, ;ksxnku dk vius thou esa ewY;kadu djrh gw]¡ rc ,d vcks/ cPph ds :i esa tks çsj.kk muls eq>s feyh mlls eSa vkt ;gk¡ rd igqp a hA vkSj vkt tc eSa thou ds ml {ks=k esa igqp ¡ pqdh gw¡ fd mudh çsj.kk ls vkus okyh ihf<+;ksa dks voxr djk ldw¡ rks eq>s eu esa ,d vuks[kk mRlkg eglwl gks jgk gSA ;gh ugha] lekt 43
ds çfr esjk è;s; vHkh iwjk ugha gqvk gSAa esjk dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd vkt ds lanHkZ esa MkW- vEcsMdj }kjk çnÙk lafo/ku dk lekt dk Lo:i lqèkkjus esa ;ksxnku gks] blesa eq> tSls yksxksa dh vge~ Hkwfedk gS ftUgksua s vius cpiu esa MkW- vEcsMdj ds thou vkSj dk;ks± ls çsj.kk yh FkhA MkW- vEcsMdj us lafo/ku ds ifjçs{; esa nfyrksa ds lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd thou ds fojks/kHkkl dks bu 'kCnksa esa O;Dr fd;kA mUgksua s dgk] ^^ge 26 tuojh 1950 dks ,d fojks/kHkkl iw.kZ thou esa ços'k djsxa As jktuhfr esa gesa lekurk çkIr gksxh vkSj lkekftd o vkfFkZd thou esa vlekurkA jktuhfr esa ge ^,d O;fDr ,d er* vkSj ^,d er ,d ewY;* ds rRo dks Lohdkj djsxa s vkSj vius lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd thou esa ^ge ,d O;fDr ,d ewY;* ds rRo dks vius lkekftd] vkfFkZd <kaps ds rdZ ds vk/kj ij udkjrs jgsxa As ge dc rd bl fojks/kHkkl iw.kZ thou esa jgsxa s \ vxj geus bls T;knk oDr rd udkjk rks ge vius jktuhfrd yksdra=k dks [krjs esa Mkysxa As gesa tYn ls tYn bu fojks/h rRoksa dks gVkuk gS] ojuk tks bl vlekurk dks Hkksx jgs gS]a os bl jktuhfrd yksdra=k dks m[kkM+ iQsd a nsxa ]s ftldk bl lHkk us bruh esgur ls fuekZ.k fd;k gSA** MkW- vEcsMdj ds thou pfj=k us esjs thou ij xgjk çHkko Mkyk gSA MkWvEcsMdj ,d lEiw.kZ O;fDrRo ds Lokeh FksA mUgksua s vius thou esa vNwr iSnk gksus ds dkj.k gj rjg dh çrkM+uk vkSj vieku lgk ysfdu fiQj Hkh viuh esgur vkSj vnE; mRlkg ds cy ij mUgksus baXySMa ] vesfjdk vkSj teZuh esa mPp f'k{kk vftZr dh] vkSj viuh ç[kj cqf¼ vkSj es/k dk ifjp; ns'k&fons'k esa fn;kA mUgksus Hkkjr esa tkfr dk mn~xe] ns'k dk Hkk"kk;h vkèkkj ij çns'kksa dk foHkktu] dsUnz dk vYila[;d leqnk;ksa ls lEcU/] vaxt sz vizSy 2014
Hkkjrh; :i;s dk vaxt sz h ikmaM ls lEcU/] Hkkjr dh NksVh [ksrh ckM+h vkfn vusd fo"k;ksa ij vius Kku dk lcwr fn;k] ij mudk lokZf/d egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku rks Hkkjr x.kjkT; dk lafo/ku gSA MkW- vEcsMdj ,d egkKkuh Fks] muds thou ls çsj.kk ysdj eSua s vkSj eq> tSls vusd nfyrksa us viuh lkekftd] vkfFkZd o jktuhfrd fLFkfr esa lq/kj fd;k gSA MkW- vEcsMdj ds ikl rh{.k cqf¼ gh ugha rhoz bPNk 'kfDr Hkh FkhA mUgksua s Hkkjr esa tkfr çFkk vkSj NqvkNwr ds HksnHkko dks gh nwj ugha fd;k cfYd o.kkZJe O;oLFkk dks Hkh lekIr fd;kA MkW- vEcsMdj us viuh iqLrd ^tkfr dk lEiw.kZ fouk'k* esa dgk gS] ^^esjs fopkj ls bl ckr esa dksbZ langs ugha gS fd tc rd ge viuk lkekftd Øe ugha cnysxa s rc rd ge FkksMh+ lh mUufr ds fy, Hkh lekt esa tkx:drk ugha yk ldrs gSAa tkfr ds vk/kj ij ge u rks ,d ns'k dk fuekZ.k dj ldrs gSa vkSj u gh ,d uhfr cuk ldrs gSAa tkfr ds vk/kj ij cuk;k x;k dqN Hkh pwj gks tk,xk vkSj dHkh iwjk ugha gksxkA** os tkurs Fks fd lekt dk fuekZ.k tkfr ds vk/kj ij ugha oju~ rdZ ds vk/kj ij gksuk pkfg,A MkW- Hkhejko vEcsMdj lafo/ku dh çk:i lfefr ds lHkkifr FksA MkW- vEcsMdj us 25 uoEcj 1949 dks lafoèkku lHkk esa cksyrs gq, dgk Fkk] ^^eSa eglwl djrk gw¡ fd lafo/ku pkgs fdruk Hkh vPNk D;ksa u gks] ;fn os yksx ftUgsa lafo/ku dks pykus dk dke lkSia k tk,xk] [kjkc fudys rks fuf'pr :i ls lafo/ku Hkh [kjkc fl¼ gksxkA nwljh vksj] lafoèkku pkgs fdruk Hkh [kjkc D;ksa u gks] ;fn mls pykus okys vPNs yksx gq, rks lafo/ku vPNk fl¼ gksxkA** bl çdkj lafo/ku lHkk ,d vPNk lafo/ku çfrikfnr djus esa liQy gqbAaZ ge MkW- vEcsMdj }kjk cuk, x, vizSy 2014
lafo/ku esa viuh gh Nfo ns[krs gSAa ^*ge] Hkkjr ds yksx] Hkkjr dks ,d lEiw.kZ çHkqRo&lEiUu lektoknh iaFk fujis{k yksdra=kkRed x.kjkT; cukus ds fy,] rFkk mlds ukxfjdksa dks lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuSfrd U;k;] fopkj] vfHkO;fDr] fo'okl] /eZ vkSj mikluk dh LorU=krk] çfr"Bk vkSj volj dh lekurk çkIr djkus ds fy, rFkk mu lc esa O;fDr dh xfjek vkSj jk"Vª dh ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk lqfuf'pr djus okyh caèkqrk c<+kus ds fy, n`<+ ladYi gksdj viuh bl lafo/ku lHkk esa vkt rkjh[k 26 uoEcj 1949 dks ,rn~ }kjk bl lafo/ku dks vaxhd`r vfèfu;fer vkSj vkRekfiZr djrs gSAa ** lafo/ku dh vkRek esa ge Hkkjr ds yksxksa ds ckjs esa fy[kk gS vkSj ge Hkkjr ds nfyr ogh yksx gSa ftuds fy, lafoèkku dh vkRek esa ;g lafo/ku vaxhd`r] vf/fu;fer vkSj vkRekfiZr fd;k x;k gSA MkW- vEcsMdj us nfyrksa dh lkekftd fLFkfr dks lq/kjus ds ç;kl esa Hkkjr ds lHkh ukxfjdksa ds fy, lerkewyd lekt dh vo/kj.kk dhA lerk u fliQZ jktuSfrd Lrj ij cfYd vkfFkZd o lkekftd Lrj ij Hkh gksA MkW- vEcsMdj us u fliQZ jktuSfrd yksdra=k dh LFkkiuk dh cfYd vkfFkZd o lkekftd yksdra=k dh Hkh LFkkiuk dhA U;k;] LorU=krk] lerk] O;fDr dh xfjek] caèkqrk vkfn fliQZ vkSj fliQZ rHkh laHko gSa tc lekt tkfrxr HksnHkko ;k ;w¡ dfg, fd tc lekt tkfr foghu gksxkA lekt esa fliQZ jktuSfrd U;k; gh ugha cfYd lkekftd o vkfFkZd U;k; Hkh mruk gh egRoiw.kZ gksxk ftruk fd O;fDr dh LorU=krk vkSj lerkA vc vkt ds lanHkZ esa ;fn MkWvEcsMdj ds thou la?k"kZ dh vksj è;ku nsa rks ge ikrs gSa fd mUgksua s ,sls lerkewyd lekt dh vo/kj.kk dh ftlesa tUe ds vk/kj ij dksbZ folaxfr u gksA mUgksua s lcds fy, leku volj] leku f'k{kk] 44
leku jkstxkj vkSj leku vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa dk çfriknu fd;k ftlls nfyr lekt esa Økafr vk xbZA iQyLo:i i<+&s fy[ks vkSj vius lkekftd] vkfFkZd o jktuSfrd vf/dkjksa ds çfr tkx:d nfyrksa dh ,d iQkSt rS;kj gks xbZA eSa Hkh mueas ls ,d gwA¡ vkSj eSa bls viuh uSfrd ftEesnkjh le>rh gw¡ fd MkW- vEcsMdj ls çsj.kk ysdj tks mUufr eSua s O;fDrxr~ Lrj ij dh ogha eSa vius nfyr HkkbZ;ksa vkSj cguksa dh Hkh d:¡A eSa uSfrd :i ls ckè; gw¡ fd ns'k esa O;kIr tkfrxr Hksn dks tM+ ls feVk nwA¡ nfyrksa dks rks tkx:d d:¡ gh mu O;oLFkkxzLr mPp tkfr ds ca/u esa Hkz"V lekt ds oxks± dks Hkh ;g vPNh rjg eglwl djok nw¡ fd tkfr ls dksbZ NksVk ;k cM+k ugha gksrk] tUe ls dksbZ Å¡pk ;k uhpk ugha gksrk] czkã.k ;k {kf=k;] oS'; ;k 'kwnz dqN ugha gksrkA czkã.k cudj tUe ysuk vc fdlh Hkh gky esa lkSHkkX;iw.kZ ugha gS] mlh rjg tSls 'kwnz cudj tUe ysuk nqHkkZX;iw.kZ ugha] cfYd eSa rks ;g dgwx¡ h fd tkfr ca/u vkSj O;oLFkk balku us cukbZ gSa vkSj blds dksbZ ek;us ughaA gk¡ dqN yksxksa us cM+s ?k`f.kr rjhds ls gtkjksa o"kZ rd ckdh yksxksa dk neu o nyu fd;k vkSj blds fy, tUe dh Js"Brk ds fl¼kar dk çfriknu fd;kA dksbZ Hkh O;fDr fdlh nwljs ls Js"B ugha gksrkA lcds ikl leku {kerk o 'kfDr gksrh gSA MkWvEcsMdj us tUe o tkfr ds vk/kj ij nqHkkZX; o voekuuk ds f'kdkj lekt dks bl vfHk'kki ls eqfDr fnykbZ vkSj i<+s&fy[ks cqf¼thoh lekt dk fuekZ.k fd;kA vkt eSa viuh O;fDrxr ftEesnkjh le>rh gw¡ fd MkW- vEcsMdj ds fn[kk;s ekxZ ij pydj u fliQZ nfyrksa dk m¼kj d:¡ cfYd leLr ns'k ds fodkl esa lgk;d cuw¡A (ysf[kdk Hkkjrh; jktLo lsok esa ofj"B vfèkdkjh gSA) lkekftd U;k; lans'k
MkW- vEcsMdj vkSj iQwys dh f'k{kk dk vlj
Hkk
jr o"kZ ds ewy fuoklh tc Hkkjr o"kZ dk bfrgkl i<+rs gSa vkSj bfrgkl esa ns•rs gSa fd ;gk¡ ds fuokfl;ksa dks dSls xqyke cukus ds fy, reke lkjs gFkdaMksa dks viuk;k x;kA blfy, f'k{kk çkIr djus ds ckn gh euq"; dks irk pyrk gS fd oks xqyke gSa ;k Lora=kA Hkkjr 700 lky rd eqxyksa dk xqyke jgk vkSj mUgksaus vklkuh ls jkt fd;k D;ksafd mUgksaus fdlh Hkkjroklh dks f'k{kk ugha nhA dqN czkã.k f'kf{kr Fks] exj os eqxyksa dk 'kklu pykus esa enn djrs FksA mUgksaus dHkh Hkh ewyfuokfl;ksa ds ikl f'k{kk dks ugha tkus fn;kA vf/dka'k ns'k dh turk vf'kf{kr gksus ds dkj.k ns'k dks xqykeh ls ugha cpk ldhA blfy, f'k{kk ds ckjs esa vaxzstksa us dgk Fkk fd vxj fdlh ns'k dks vf/d le; rd xqyke cukdj j•uk gS] rks ogk¡ ds ukxfjdksa dks f'k{kk er nksA exj ,slk djuk iwjh ekuork ds f•ykiQ vU;k; gksxkA vr% vaxzstksa us r; fd;k fd ge Hkkjr ds ukxfjdksa dks f'k{kk nsaxsA ysfdu f'k{kk ges'kk okn&fookn esa iQalh jgh D;ksafd czkã.k ugha pkgrs Fks fd f'k{kk lHkh ewyfuokfl;ksa dks nh tk;s D;ksafd czkã.kksa dks ekywe Fkk fd vxj f'k{kk ;gk¡ ds ewyfuokfl;ksa dks nh xbZ rks ewy fuoklh gekjs fo:¼ la?k"kZ 'kq: dj nsaxsA var esa vaxzstksa dks Hkkjr blfy, NksM+ dj tkuk iM+k D;ksafd mUgksaus ;gk¡ ds ewyfuokfl;ksa dks f'k{kk nsus dk fu.kZ; Lohdkjk FkkA Hkkjr esa lcds fy, f'k{kkdh 'kq#vkr vaxzstksa ds le; 'kq: gqbZA f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa iQwys vkSj vEcsMdj dk ;ksxnku vk/qfud Hkkjr esa f'k{kk dh 'kq#vkr
lkekftd U;k; lans'k
jtuh'k dqekj vEcsMdj ØkafrT;ksfr ekrk lkfo=khckbZ iQwys vkSj egkRek T;ksfrck iQwys us 1848 esa vNwr&'kwæ lekt ds fy, iwuk esa Ldwy •ksydj dhA tks Lo;a Hkh bl ns'k ds ewy fuoklh FksA mUgksaus vius ns'k ds ewyfuokfl;ksa ls f'k{kk ds ckjs esa dgk] fd ¶vxj ukjh dks f'kf{kr dj fn;k tk,] rks lkjk lekt f'kf{kr gks tk;sxkA¸ blh lanHkZ esa mUgksaus vkxs dgk fd ¶fo|k fcu efr xbZ] efr fcu uhfr xbZ] uhfr fcu xfr xbZ] xfr fcu /u x;k] /u fcu 'kwæ ifrr gq,] bruk ?kksj vuFkZ dsoy vfo|k ds dkj.k gh gqvk¸ ;kfu fd bl ns'k ds ewyfuokfl;ksa dh xqykeh dk eq[; dkj.k vf'k{kk FkhA f'k{kk ds ckjs esa rFkkxr xkSre cq¼ dgrs gS fd ¶vÙk nhiks Hko vFkkZr~ viuk nhid Lo;a cuksaA¸ f'k{kk ds ckjs esa xq# ukud dgrs gaS fd ¶tgk¡ f'k{kk dk çdk'k gksrk gS ogk¡ va/dkj vius vki Hkkx tkrk gSA¸ pkYlZ xzkaV tc twfu;j ,dkmaVsaV dh gSfl;r ls Hkkjr vk,A xzkaV dh nyhy Fkh fd Hkkjr ds ckSf¼d] uSfrd vkSj /kfeZd va/dkj dk mipkj f'k{kk dh T;ksfr gSA f'k{kk ds ckjs esa ckcklkgsc MkW- chvkjvEcsMdj dgrs gSa] ¶f'k{kk oks 'ksjuh dk nw/ gS ftls ihdj euq"; dgha Hkh ngkM+ ldrk gSA¸ okLro esa f'k{kk ls c<+dj dksbZ nsoh&nsork] bZ'oj ;k Hkxoku ughaA vxj lalkj esa dksbZ vfLrRo j•rk gS] rks mldk 45
vuqHko f'k{kk gh djkrh gSA tks f'kf{kr ugha mudh rqyuk i'kqvksa ls dh tkrh gSA f'k{kk ds dkj.k gh vkt ns'k ds ewyfuokfl;ksa dks irk pyus yxk gS fd ns'k ds ewyfuokfl;ksa ds jktkvksa] egkjktkvksa dks fdl çdkj ls /jk'kkgh fd;k x;k] fdl çdkj ls mudh laifÙk ywVh xbZ rFkk fdl çdkj ls mUgsa xqyke cuk;k x;kA tc&tc bl oxZ dh leL;k gy djus dh ckr vkrh gS] dke de fd;k tkrk gS] vkSj fn•kok T;knk fd;k tkrk gSA fLFkfr vkt Hkh oSls gh gS] tSlh fd fiNys lSdM+ksa o"kks± ls pyh vk jgh gSA dqN cnyko vk;k gSA og Hkh 'kgjh vkcknh {ks=kksa esa gS] ftldk ewy dkj.k MkW- vEcsMdj }kjk lafo/ku esa nfyrksa o oafprksa dks fn;s x;s vf/dkj gSaA xk¡oksa esa rks vkt Hkh gkykr ogh gSaA cnyko dsoy dkxth fn•kok gSA vkt Hkh ,slh fLFkfr vizSy 2014
gS fd 'kks"k.k rks gksrk gS ysfdu 'kks"k.k dk rjhdk cny x;k gSA gky gh esa fiNys fnuksa ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- dh d{kk 11 dh fdrkc ftlesa MkW- ch- vkj- vEcsMdj ij cuk;k x;k dkVZwu] ftlesa tokgj yky usg: }kjk pkcqd ekjrs gq, fn•k;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ ç'u mBrk gS fd ftl fdlh us Hkh ;g dkVZwu cuk;k gSA mldh MkWvEcsMdj ds çfr lEeku dh Hkkouk fcYdqy ugha jgh gksxhA MkW- vEcsMdj ij dkVZwu cukus okys ds f•ykiQ dksbZ eqdnek ntZ ugha fd;k x;k] ysfdu tc nfyr i=kdkj lR;sUæ eqjyh us xka/h ij dkVZwu cuk;k rks mlds f•ykiQ rqjUr dk;Zokgh djrs gq, t;iqj iqfyl us ,iQ-vkbZ- vkjntZ dj yhA ;g vU;k; ugha rks D;k gS---\ vEcsMdj us ,slk D;ksa fd;k----\ 13 vDVwcj 1935 dks ;soyk ftys esa lkoZtfud :i ls ;g ?kks"k.kk djuh iM+h ¶eSaus fganw /eZ esa tUe vo'; fy;k gSA ;g esjs o'k esa ugha Fkk] fdUrq vc eSa fganw /eZ esa e:¡xk ugha] ;g esjs o'k esa gSA¸ MkW- vEcsMdj tSls O;fÙkQ dks fganw /eZ R;kx dj ckS¼ /Ee D;ksa Lohdkj djuk iM+k---\ ;g ,d ,slk ç'u gS ftldk ,d gh mÙkj gS] og gS fganw èkeZ esa fufgr O;oLFkk,¡] tks U;k; vkSj lerk ij vk/ kfjr ugha gksdj vlekurk ij vk/kfjr gSaA fganw /eZ dh ;s vkRe?kkrh O;oLFkk gh Hkkjrh; lekt dks tM+ cuk, gq, gSA ckcklkgsc us ns•k fd dV~Vj fganw / ekZoyEch bu O;oLFkkvksa dks cnyus ds fy, rS;kj ugha gS] rks mUgksaus bl Nsn okyh uko dks NksM+dj csgrj vkJ; çkIr djuk mfpr le>kA ckcklkgsc us 1935 esa fganw /eZ NksM+us dh bl ?kks"k.kk ds 21 o"kZ ckn 14 vDVwcj 1956 dks ukxiqj esa vius ik¡p yk• vuq;kf;;ksa ds lkFk ckS¼ /eZ dh nh{kk D;ksa yh--\ D;ksafd lezkV v'kksd us ;q¼ vizSy 2014
('kL=k) }kjk jkT;&fot; dk ekxZ NksM+dj /Ee }kjk fot; dk ladYi fy;k FkkA blfy, v'kksd }kjk ckS¼ /Ee Lohdkj djus dh frfFk dks ^/Ee&fot; fnol* dgk tkrk gSA ml fnu fganh frfFk ds vuqlkj vkf'ou 'kqDy&i{k n'keh iM+rk Fkk] blfy, bls ^v'kksd fot; n'keh* Hkh dgk tkrk gSA v'kksd ds ckS¼&/Ee Lohdkj djus dh frfFk vkf'ou 'kqDy&i{k
tkfroknh esa fufgr O;oLFkk,¡] tks U;k; vkSj lerk ij vk/kfjr gksdj vlekurk ij vkèkkfjr gSaA tkfrokn dh ;s vkRe?kkrh O;oLFkk gh Hkkjrh; lekt dks tM+ cuk, gq, gSA ckcklkgsc us ns•k fd dV~Vj tkfroknh /ekZoyEch bu O;oLFkkvksa dks cnyus ds fy, rS;kj ugha gS] rks mUgksaus bl Nsn okyh uko dks NksM+dj csgrj vkJ; çkIr djuk mfpr le>kA n'keh dk fnu FkkA ;g rF; bl ckr ls çekf.kr gksrk gS fd v'kksd }kjk ckS¼&/ Ee Lohdkj djus ds 2200 o"kZ iwjs gksus ds miy{; esa ckcklkgsc us 14 vDVwcj 1956 dks ukxiqj esa èkEe&ifjorZu fd;k Fkk vkSj ml fnu Hkh vkf'ou 'kqDy&i{k n'keh FkkA v'kksd fot; n'keh çR;sd o"kZ cM+s gh /we/ke ls euk, tkus dh çFkk mlh le; ls py iM+h gSA Lo;a 46
v'kksd ckS¼ tqywl fudkyrs vkSj mlesa Hkkx ysrs FksA 21 o"kks± ds yEcs vUrjky esa D;k ckcklkgsc vEcsMdj tSls egku~ fpUrd] fopkjd] lkekftd ifjorZd pqi jgs gksaxs----\ ugha] os pqi ugha jgsA os cjkcj bl vU;k;ijd lkekftd O;oLFkk dks cnyus dh lksprs jgsA vkSj iwjh nqfu;k ds lHkh /eks± dk mUgksaus vè;;u fd;k D;ksafd /eZ ds ckjs esa mudk dguk Fkk fd /eZ fdlh Hkh O;fÙkQ dk futh ekeyk gSA ysfdu lfn;ksa ls /eZ O;fÙkQ;ksa] leqnk;ksa] tkfr;ksa vkSj oxks± ds LokFkks± dk vk/kj curk gSA blfy, mudk ekuuk Fkk fd /eZ dks lekurk] Lora=krk vkSj ca/qRo dk vk/kj cuuk pkfg,A /eZ ,slk gksuk pkfg, tks lekt dks ekuoh; vkSj xfjeke; cuk,] tks lekt ds fofHkUu ?kVdksa dks tksM+s] rksM+s ughaA dsoy blh ek;us esa dksbZ /eZ dY;k.kdkjh gks ldrk gSA bl n`f"V ls mUgksaus fganw /eZ dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k vkSj bl urhts ij igq¡ps fd fganw /eZ ls eqfÙkQ ik, fcuk Hkkjrh; lekt ls tkr&ikr dks [kRe ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS] D;ksafd fganw /eZ viuh cqfu;knh çÑfr esa gh vlekurk vkSj 'kks"k.k dks c<+kok nsus okyk gSA blfy, ,sls /eZ dh •kst esa yxs jgs tks fl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj nksuksa :iksa esa Lora=krk] lekurk vkSj ca/qRo dks c<+kok nsus okyk gks vkSj vius lEiw.kZ :i esa ekuoh; gksA var esa ;s lkjs xq.k ^cq¼ /Ee* esa ik;sA ;g cM+s gh xoZ dh ckr gS fd ,slk /eZ ftldk mn; Hkkjr esa gh gqvk gks--! ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj }kjk brus fo'kky tulewg ds lkFk fd;k x;k ;g /ekZUrj.k egt ,d /ekZUrj.k ugha Fkk ;g bl ns'k esa lkekftd ØkfUr dh 'kq#vkr Fkh] ftldk liuk ckcklkgsc us ns•k FkkA ,d o.kZ foghu] tkfr foghu lekt dk liuk] tks lekurk] Lora=krk vkSj ca/qrk ij vk/kfjr FkkA ckcklkgsc lkekftd U;k; lans'k
MkW- vEcsMdj /eZ dks O;fÙkQxr ljksdkj ugha ekudj lkekftd ljksdkj ekurs gSaA os /eZ dh vko';drk dks Hkh Lohdkj djrs gSaA ,slk ugha gksrk rks os /ekZUrj.k ugha djrs] dsoy fganw /eZ dk R;kx Hkj djrs] ckS¼&/Ee dks vaxhdkj ugha djrs vkSj u gh bruk fo'kky vk;kstu djrsA ml ,sfrgkfld ?kVuk ds fo'kky vk;kstu dh ek=k ,d >yd çLrqr gSA n'kgjk dk fnu FkkA cgqtu lekt ds yk•ksa L=kh&iq#"k] cky] o`¼ ukxiqj dh nh{kk&Hkwfe dh vksj tu&lSykc dh rjg c<+s tk jgs FksA buds fy, ckcklkgsc fdlh lk{kkr~ Hkxoku ls de ugha FksA ckcklkgsc ds çfr mudh vikj J¼k FkhA ckcklkgsc tSls egkiq#"k us gh muds gtkjksa o"kks± ls udkjs tkrs jgs ekuo vfèkdkjksa dks cgky djus ds fy, yEck la?k"kZ djds mlesa liQyrk çkIr dh FkhA nh{kk&Hkwfe ij yxHkx ik¡p yk• yksxksa dk tu&lSykc meM+k FkkA os ckcklkgsc dk cslczh ls bUrtkj dj jgs FksA dqN gh {k.kksa ckn ckcklkgsc us 'osr js'keh /ksrh vkSj 'osr dksV esa iRuh lfork ds lkFk nh{kk&Hkwfe esa ços'k fd;k vkSj eap ij igq¡p x;s dq'khukjk ds fHk{kq pUæe.kh }kjk mUgsa nh{kk çnku dh xbZA bl nh{kk xzg.k ds ckn vius }kjk rS;kj dh xbZ 22 çfrKkvksa dks ckcklkgsc us mifLFkr fo'kky tu leqnk; dks lEcksf/r djrs gq, i<+kA vius lEcks/u ds i'pkr~ tc ckcklkgsc us ml fo'kky tu leqnk; dk vkÞoku fd;k fd tks ckS¼&/Ee Lohdkj djuk pkgrs gSa] os •Ms+ gks tk,¡ rks iwjk dk iwjk tu&leqnk; •M+k gks x;kA bl çdkj ;g ek=k ^/Ee&ifjoruZ * dh ?kVuk ugha gksdj ,d ,sfrgkfld ?kVuk cu xbZA ;g lkekftd ØkfUr dk vU;k;ijd] lkekftd O;oLFkk ifjorZu dk mn~?kks"k FkkA lkekftd U;k; lans'k
blls çekf.kr gksrk gS fd ckcklkgsc vEcsMdj /eZ dks lkekftd fojklr ekurs gSa rFkk mldh vko';drk dks Lohdkjrs gSaA ckcklkgsc us dgk Fkk] ¶euq"; dks thfor jgus ds fy, dsoy Hkkstu dh vko';drk gh ugha gksrhA mlds ikl efLr"d Hkh gksrk gS ftlds fy, fopkjksa dk •qjkd vko';d gSA
¶euq"; dks thfor jgus ds fy, dsoy Hkkstu dh vko';drk gh ugha gksrhA mlds ikl efLr"d Hkh gksrk gS ftlds fy, fopkjksa dk •qjkd vko';d gSA muds vuqlkj euq"; dh bl ekufld Hkw• dks feVkus ds fy, /eZ egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA vr% /eZ dks uSfrdrk ij vkèkkfjr lkekftd ewY;ksa ds vkèkkj ij tk¡pk&ij•k tkuk pkfg,A¸ muds vuqlkj euq"; dh bl ekufld Hkw• dks feVkus ds fy, /eZ egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA vr% /eZ dks uSfrdrk ij vk/kfjr lkekftd ewY;ksa ds vk/kj ij tk¡pk&ij•k tkuk pkfg,A¸ ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj tSls fo}ku] U;k;fon vkSj lekt lq/kjd }kjk bl çdkj fganw&/eZ dk ifjR;kx djuk bl / eZ dh ?kksj folaxfr;ksa vkSj lkekftd ik•.M dh ,d rhoz çfrfØ;k FkhA ftl egkiq#"k esa Hkkjr dk lafo/ku jpus dh 47
lkeF;Z gks] mls ek=k blh dkj.k ,d fuj{kj HkV~Vkpk;Z ,oa laLdkjfoghu czkã.k ls uhp ekuk tkrk jgs fd og ,d egkj ds ?kj esa iSnk gqvk gSA blls cM+k lkekftd vU;k; vkSj D;k gksxkA bl vU;k; dk çfrdkj ckcklkgsc us fganw / eZ dk R;kx dj fn;kA ckcklkgsc fganw /eZ ds vU;k; vkSj HksnHkko ij vk/kfjr fu;eksa ds çfr vkLFkkoku ugha FksA os lPps /eZ ds :i esa mls fl¼kUrksa ij vk/kfjr /eZ cukuk pkgrs Fks blds fy, mUgksaus ik¡p vfuok;Zrk,¡ cukbZ FkhA 1& fganw /eZ ds fy, ,d ekud 'kkL=k gks] 2& iqtkfj;ksa dh fu;qfÙkQ;k¡ oa'k ds vk/kj ij ugha gksdj •qyh ijh{kk ds ekè;e ls gksa] 3& iqtkjh ds fy, jkT; dh lun vko';d gks] 4& dkuwuu iqtkfj;ksa dh la[;k fuèkkZfjr gks] 5& iqtkfj;ksa ds pfj=k] fo'okl vkSj iwtk dk ljdkj i;Zos{k.k djsA 14 vDVwcj 1956 dks og ,sfrgkfld {k.k Fkk tc ckcklkgsc us nh{kk ysdj vius djhch vuq;kf;;ksa ds fy, ekuorkoknh ckS¼&/Ee dk ekxZ ç'kLr fd;kA ckcklkgsc us lc /eks± dks cgqr vPNh rjg tk¡p ij• djds gh Hkkjr Hkwfe ij mits vius gh ckS¼&/Ee dh nh{kk yh vkSj Hkkjrh; /eZ&fujis{k lafoèkku dk iwjh rjg ls ikyu fd;kA muds }kjk ckS¼ /eZ dh nh{kk ysuk gh vius vki esa ^cgqtu fgrk;] cgqtu lq•k;* vkSj çKk&'khy&d#.kk ij vkèkkfjr lqn`<+ lksiku gSA vkt ge vius lekt ds mRFkku ds fy, cM+h&cM+h ckras djrs gSaA D;k ge lc vkil esa ,d er gSa---\ eq>s ugha yxrk gS ,slk gSA ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj pkgrs Fks fd gj cPps dks ,d leku] vfuok;Z vkSj eqÝr çkjafHkd f'k{kk feyuh pkfg,] vizSy 2014
pkgs og fdlh Hkh tkfr] /eZ ;k oxZ dk D;ksa u gks---\ mudk ekuuk Fkk fd f'k{kk gh oks ,d ek=k rkdr gS tks lHkh csfM+;ksa dks dkV ldrh gSA mUgsa f'k{kk ij bruk fo'okl Fkk fd mUgksaus vius }kjk cuk;s x;s ukjs& ^f'kf{kr cuks] laxfBr jgks la?k"kZ djks* esa f'k{kk dks gh çFke LFkku ij j•kA ckcklkgsc us nfyr oxZ ds fy, f'k{kk vkSj jkstxkj esa vkj{k.k fn, tkus dh odkyr dh Fkh rkfd Hkkjrh; lekt esa vU; oxks± dh rjg mUgsa Hkh çxfr ds cjkcj ekSds fey ldsaA vxj f'k{kk] jkstxkj vkSj vkokl dks ekSfyd vf/dkj cuk fn;k tkrk rks vEcsMdj dks vkj{k.k dh odkyr djus dh 'kk;n t#jr gh u iM+rhA ckcklkgsc us vius xq# T;ksfrck iQwys dh fL=k;ksa ds lUnHkZ esa dgh xbZ ckr dks vkxs c<+krs gq, dgk fd fL=k;ksa dh
oLrqxr fLFkfr vkSj muds 'kks"k.k ds vkèkkjksa dks bl rjg ls le>k ftl rjg ls fdlh us ugha le>k FkkA mUgksaus ekuk fd bl ns'k dh fL=k;ksa dh ,slh n'kk dk ewy dkj.k euqoknh lekt O;oLFkk dks nh ekuk] tks bUgsa Kku vkSj laifÙk ij dksbZ vf/dkj ugha nsrhA blfy, ckcklkgsc us efgykvksa ds mRFkku ds fy, vius vFkd ç;kl ls ^fganw dksM fcy* cuk;kA ysfdu [kqn dkaxzsl ljdkj bldks ikfjr ugha gksus fn;k] ugha rks vkt fL=k;ksa dh fLFkfr vkSj Hkh csgrj gksrhA ;s vyx ckr gS vkt fL=k;ksa dh eqfÙkQ ;k l'kfÙkQdj.k ds fy, reke lkjs yksx nEHk Hkjrs gSA blfy, MkW- ch- vkj- vEcsMdj us efgykvksa dh ,d lHkk dks lacksf/r djrs gq, dgk Fkk] ¶eSa fdlh lekt dh çxfr dk vuqeku bl ckr ls yxkrk gw¡ fd ml lekt esa efgykvksa dh fdruh çxfr gqbZ gSA¸
blfy, eSa lfn;ksa ls nck;s ,oa fiNkM+s x;s lekt ds mu lHkh ukStokuksa ls vkÞoku djuk pkgrk gw¡ fd gesa vEcsMdj vkSj iQwys }kjk nh xbZ f'k{kk vkSj rdks± ds vk/kj ij vkxs c<+uk gSA rHkh Hkkjr ,d egku jk"Vª cu ldsxk] tc ge bfrgkl ds lp dks gekjs feFkdksa vkSj gekjs vkn'kks± dk lw{erk ls ijh{k.k djsaxsA tc ge lp dks xys yxk,axs] tc ge iwjs eu ls ;g Lohdkj djsaxs fd gekjs ns'k esa cgqtu yksx vc cgqr 'kksf"kr gks pqdk gS] mUgsa vc rks lkekftd] vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd] lkaLÑfrd Hkkxhnkjh esa leku eku&lEeku] gd vkSj vf/dkj feyuk pkfg,] tks vc rd fdrkcksa esa i<+h gqbZ dsoy lqUnj iafDr;ka gh gSaA (ys[kd ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj nfyr ,oa tutkfr vè;;u dsUnz e-xzk-v-fga-fo-fo- oèkkZ esa 'kksèkNk=k gSa)
^^pkgs ftèkj Hkh ns[ksa] tkfr dk Hkwr vkids fodkl ds jkLrs esa jksM+k cudj vk,xkA vki tc rd ml tkfrokn ds Hkwr dks lekIr ugha dj nsrs rc rd u rks vki jktuhfr esa lqèkkj yk ldrs gSa vkSj u gh lkekftd o vkfFkZd fodkl dks xfr ns ldrs gSaA~** &MkW- ch-vkj- vEcsMdj vizSy 2014
48
lkekftd U;k; lans'k
11 vizSy] T;ksfrck iQwys t;arh ij fo'ks"k
Hkkjrh; lekt ds ØkfUr lw;Z % T;ksfrck iQwys
c
gqr igys fdlh fo}ku dk ;g dFku i<+k Fkk fd ^vKkurk ds va/dkj esa thus okyk euq"; dHkh vius thou ds y{; rd ugha igqap ldrkA* ;g Hkh i<+k Fkk fd ^vui<+ vkneh dks fujk cSy le>ksA mls pkgs tSls gk¡d yksA* ;s nksuksa ckrsa Hkkjr esa nfyrksa ds laca/ esa 'kr~&çfr'kr~ •jh mrjrh gSaA lfn;ksa ls nfyr yksx vf'k{kk ds va/dkj esa thrs vk, gSaA bl vKkurk ds dkj.k gh os viuh foosd cqf¼ dk dHkh bLrseky ugha dj ldsA nfyrksa (rFkkdfFkr 'kwæ&vfr'kwæ) dks bl fLFkfr esa tcju èkdsydj mu ij viuh euekuh yknus okys rFkkdfFkr mPp o.khZ; yksxksa us nfyrksa dks foosd&'kwU; cuk, j•us esa dksbZ dksj&dlj ckdh ugha NksM+hA nfyrksa dks lnk&loZnk ds fy, viuk ekufld vkSj 'kkjhfjd xqyke cuk, j•us ds fy, mUgksaus cgqr ls ,sls fdLls&dgkfu;ka vkSj vk[;ku rS;kj fd, tks nfyrksa ij mudh Js"Brk dks u dsoy vk/kj nsrs Fks vfirq mls iq"V Hkh djrs FksA osn] czkã.k] vkj.;d] mifu"kn vkSj iqjk.k xzaFk blh lksp vkSj ekufldrk dh mRifÙk gSaA ;s lc xzaFk blh rjg dh rdZghu] cscqfu;kn vkSj ik•.Miw.kZ ckrksa ds iqfyans gSaA pkokZd us osnksa dks ^/wrks± dk çyki* ;wa gh ugha dgk FkkA mldh rdZcqf¼ us buesa fufgr /wrZrk vkSj ik•.Mksa dks] vkSj mu ik•.Mksa ds ihNs fNis LokFkZ dks Hkyh&Hkkafr idM+ fy;k FkkA pkokZd dk eqík nk'kZfud eqík FkkA bls lkekftd Lrj ij le>us vkSj le>kus dk liQy ç;kl egkRek T;ksfrck iQwys us fd;kA
lkekftd U;k; lans'k
MkW- t;çdk'k dnZe ns'k esa cgqr ls lekt lq/kjd gq, gSaA la[;k dh n`f"V ls ns•k tk, rks brus lekt lq/kjd 'kk;n gh fdlh vU; ns'k esa gq, gksa ftrus Hkkjr esa gq, gSaA bl n`f"V ls Hkkjr dks lekt lq/kjdksa dh Hkwfe dgk tk ldrk gSA fdUrq brus lekt lqèkkjdksa ds ckotwn lekt dk D;k vkSj fdruk lq/kj gqvk gS] ;g fopkj dk fo"k; gSA lqèkkj dh vko';drk ogk¡ gksrh gS tgka lekt esa foÑfr;k¡] folaxfr;k¡ vkSj fodkj gksrs gSaA tgka phtsa Bhd ugha gksrh] xM+cM+ gksrh gaSA Hkkjr esa cM+h la[;k esa lekt lq/kjdksa dk gksuk bl ckr dk |ksrd gS fd Hkkjrh; lekt foÑr] folaxfriw.kZ vkSj foÑfr;ksa ls Hkjk lekt gSA /eZ] laçnk;ksa esa rks çk;% nqfu;k ds çR;sd jk"Vª ds lekt esa foHkktu ik;k tkrk gSA fdUrq] Hkkjrh; lekt /eZ vkSj laçnk; ds vykok o.kZ] tkfr vkSj mitkfr;ksa esa Hkh foHkÙkQ gSA ;g foHkktu lekt esa O;fÙkQ;ksa ds chp Js"Brk&ghurk] Åap&uhp] Li`';&vLi`';] opZLo&oapuk vkSj lEeku&vieku dk vk/kj gSA mPp dgh ;k ekuh tkus okyh tkfr;ka lkekftd :i ls çfrf"Br] vkfFkZd :i ls laiUu rFkk jktuhfrd :i ls opZLo'kkyh gaS] tcfd fuEu tkfr;k¡ lkekftd :i ls misf{kr vkSj frjLÑr] vkfFkZd :i ls vHkkoxzLr] 49
vkSj jktuhfrd :i ls 'kfÙkQghu gSaA vLi`';rk ds dkj.k os vusd çdkj ds fu"ks/ vkSj otZukvksa dh f'kdkj gSaA la{ksi esa ns'k dh nfyr vkSj cgqr lh fiNM+h tkfr;ksa ds vf/dka'k yksx ekuoh; vf/dkjksa ls oafpr gSaA lekt lq/kj dk vlyh dk;Z ;gh Fkk fd lekt ds bu misf{kr] frjLÑr] oafpr] mRihfM+r vkSj 'kksf"kr yksxksa dks ekuoh; vf/dkj fnykus gsrq ç;kl fd, tkrsA lekt lq/kj dk vFkZ ;FkkFkZ esa dsoy lo.kZ fganw lekt dh csgrjh ekuk x;kA blfy, fganw lekt dh çxfr esa tks lkekftd foÑfr;k¡ ;k folaxfr;k¡ ns•h] le>h ;k ekuh xbZa mu foÑfr;ksa vFkok folaxfr;ksa dks nwj djus ij gh çk;% lHkh lekt lq/kjdksa dk cy jgkA blfy, Hkkjr ds rFkkdfFkr lekt lq/kjokn dks lo.kZ fganw lekt vizSy 2014
dY;k.kokn dguk vf/d mi;qÙkQ gSA ;gk¡ mYys•uh; ckr ;g Hkh gS fd lo.kZ fganw tkfr;ksa esa tUes vkSj lo.kZ fganw lekt ds dY;k.k ds fufeÙk dk;Z djus okys O;fÙkQ;ksa dks lekt lq/kjd ds :i esa çpkfjr vkSj lEekfur fd;k x;k] tcfd o.kZ&tkfr&O;oLFkk vkSj vLi`';rk tSlh vR;ar vekuoh; ijaijk dk çrhdkj djus okys dchj dh ok.kh dk myVckalh ;k jgL; dgdj etkd mM+k;k x;kA dchj dks bl rjg cnuke fd;k x;k fd nqfu;k¡ Hkj dh reke~ v'kksHkuh; ckrksa dks dchj ds lkFk tksM+dj lquk;k tkrk gS A cM+s ets ls mlesa jl vkSj etk fy;k tkrk gSA ^dgr dchj lquks HkkbZ lk/ks* dgdj mlds vkxs dqN Hkh tksM+dj dgus dh ,d ijaijk lh lekt esa cuk xbZ gSA gksyh ds volj ij xk, tkus okys dchjs bldk lcls cM+k mnkgj.k gS] ftuesa dchj dk uke tksM+dj cgqr Hkíh&Hkíh xkfy;ka rd nh tkrh gSA lekt dh :<+ ijEijkvksa] va/fo'oklksa] /kfeZd ekU;rkvksa rFkk lkekftd HksnHkko] mis{kk vkSj 'kks"k.k dk çfrdkj dj lekt ds frjLÑr] oafpr] misf{kr oxks± vkSj tkfr;ksa esa lekurk] lEeku vkSj LokfHkeku psruk dk lapkj djus okys dchj dh ok.kh dk ;g migkl mudk vieku gSA ;gh gky lar jfonkl dk gqvkA mudks Hkh bZ'oj HkÙkQ ds :i esa gh çpkfjr fd;k x;kA ikB~;Øeksa eas Hkh mudh blh çdkj dh jpukvksa dks 'kkfey dj fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks i<+k;k x;k gSA o.kZ&tkfr&O;oLFkk&tfur lkekftd&vkfFkZd vlekurk] 'kks"k.k] vLi`';rk vkSj blds vk/kj bZ'ojokn dh vkykspuk vkSj udkj esa mUgksaus tks dgk] ftlesa nfyr psruk dh vfHkO;fÙkQ gS] mls nck dj ;k misf{kr j•k x;kA fdlh Hkh O;fÙkQ] fopkj ;k rdZ dk tc dksbZ tokc ugha gksrk rks mldks nckus ;k cnuke djus dh ijEijk lo.kZ fganw lekt esa cgqr iqjkuh gSA 'kadjkpk;Z vkSj ckS¼ vizSy 2014
vkpk;Z /eZdhfrZ ds chp gq, rdZ&;q¼ ;k 'kkL=kkFkZ esa /eZdhfrZ ds rdks± ds le{k /jk'kk;h 'kadjkpk;Z dks] jktk lq/Uok dh lsuk ds lkfuè; esa muds leFkZd czkã.kksa }kjk] 'kksj&'kjkcs vkSj 'kfÙkQ&cy ls tcjnLrh fot;h ?kksf"kr dj fn;k x;kA egkHkkjr esa v'oRFkkek dh e`R;q dh ?kks"k.kk Hkh blh çdkj dh x;h FkhA gkykafd T;ksfrck iQwys ls igys ukenso] pks•kesyk] dchj vkSj jSnkl us Hkh bu ik•.Mksa dks le>k Fkk vkSj viuh&viuh Hkk"kk vkSj 'kSyh esa budk çfrdkj Hkh fd;k Fkk] fdarq vdlj Kku u gksus ds dkj.k bu xzaFkksa esa fufgr ckjhd dqfVyrkvksa dks os ugha idM+ ik, FksA T;ksfrck iQwys igys O;fÙkQ gq, ftUgksaus bu ik•.Miw.kZ xzaFkksa dk rkfdZd vè;;u fd;k vkSj budh folaxfr;ksa dks tu&ekul ds lkeus ekSf•d vkSj fyf•r :i esa çLrqr djds mudh vka•sa •ksyhA lgh ek;uksa esa T;ksfrck iQwys nfyr lekt ds igys f'k{kd vkSj çoÙkQk gSa] ftUgksaus nfyrksa dks czkã.kksa }kjk jfpr xzaFkksa ds ik•.Mksa ls voxr djk;kA T;ksfrck iQwys ds ijnknk egkjk"Vª esa lrkjk ls 40 fdyksehVj nwj fLFkr dVxq.k uked xk¡o ds jgus okys FksA muds ijnknk dk uke xksjs Fkk] tks tkfr ls ekyh Fks] ftls 'kwæ vkSj fuEu tkfr ekuk tkrk gSA FkksM+h lh Ñf"k&Hkwfe ds lgkjs ifjokj dk xqtkjk dfBu Fkk] blfy, og xk¡o esa ^pkSxqyk* ds :i esa Hkh dke djrs FksA rRdkyhu le; esa çR;sd xk¡o esa nks eq[; vf/dkjh gqvk djrs Fks&^ikVhy* vkSj ^dqyd.khZ*] ftUgsa ^pkS/jh* vkSj ^iVokjh* dgk tk ldrk gSA dqyd.khZ çk;% czkã.k gqvk djrs FksA bu nksuksa ds v/hu ^pkSxqyk* (lgk;d) gqvk djrk Fkk] tks bu vfèkdkfj;ksa ds jftLVj] iqLrdksa vkfn ds ykus vkSj ys tkus] yxku dh olwyh djus vkSj dVkbZ ds fnuksa esa iQlyksa dk fujh{k.k djus esa lgk;rk djrk FkkA ckn esa mudk 50
ifjokj iq.ks vk x;k FkkA ;gha ij T;ksfrck iQwys dk tUe gqvkA ;gh mudh deZHkwfe Hkh jghA T;ksfrck dk tUe 11 vçSy] lu 1827 dks iq.ks ds ikl ,d xk¡o esa gqvk FkkA muds firk dk uke xksfoanjko vkSj ekrk dk uke fpe.kkckbZ FkkA T;ksfrck ds tUe ds ,d o"kZ ckn gh fpe.kkckbZ dk fu/u gks x;kA blds dqN le; ckn gh muds firk dh tehu dk] ftl ij os •srh djrs Fks] ljdkj }kjk vf/xzg.k dj fy;k x;kA ifjokj dh vkthfodk pykus ds fy, os vius ifjokj dks ysdj iq.ks vk x, vkSj cPpksa ds ykyu&ikyu gsrq ekSlsjh cfgu lxq.kkckbZ {khjlkxj dks vius ikl j• fy;kA lxq.kkckbZ cky fo/ok Fkh vkSj bZlkbZ fe'kujh esa vukFk cPpksa dh ns•Hkky dk dke djrh FkhA vaxzsth Hkk"kk dk Hkh mls dqN Kku FkkA lxq.kkckbZ us cgqr eerk vkSj I;kj ls ckyd T;ksfrck dk ikyu&iks"k.k fd;k vkSj mUgsa dHkh eka dh deh eglwl ugha gksus nhA cpiu ls T;ksfrck lxq.kk dks ^vkÅ* dgdj lEcksf/r djrs FksA lxq.kk Hkh T;ksfrck dks vius cPps dh rjg I;kj djrh Fkh vkSj lnSo mUgsa i<+us&fy•us ds fy, çsfjr djrh FkhA 6 o"kZ dh vk;q esa T;ksfrck dks Ldwy esa ços'k fnyk;k x;kA og •wc eu yxkdj i<+rsA cgqr tYnh os i<+uk&fy•uk lh• x, vkSj fglkc Hkh djus yxsA fdarq blh nkSjku dV~VjiaFkh czkã.kksa }kjk fuEu tkfr ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds Ldwy ços'k dk rhoz fojks/ fd, tkus ds dkj.k Ldwyksa ls fuEu tkfr;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fu"dkflr dj fn;k x;kA blh ncko esa T;ksfrck dks Hkh Ldwy NksM+uk iM+kA fdarq T;ksfrck esa i<+us dh tcjnLr yxu FkhA Ldwy ls i<+kbZ :d tkus ds ckn T;ksfrck us vius firk ds lkFk iQwyksa dh •srh ds dke esa gkFk caVkuk 'kq: fd;kA og fnu esa vius firk ds lkFk •srksa esa dke djrs ysfdu jkr esa fVefVekrs nh;s dh jks'kuh esa i<+rs lkekftd U;k; lans'k
FksA
mu fnuksa cky fookg dh çFkk FkhA çk;% N% o"kZ dh vk;q rd yM+dh vkSj nl o"kZ dh vk;q rd yM+ds dk fookg dj fn;k tkrk FkkA bl vk;q rd fdlh yM+dh ;k yM+ds dk vfookfgr jg tkuk lekt esa vPNk ugha ekuk tkrk FkkA vkSj ,sls ifjokjksa dk lkekftd lEeku de gks tkrk FkkA T;ksfrck dk fookg Hkh nsj ls gqvk FkkA 14 o"kZ dh mez esa mudk fookg lrkjk ftys ds uk;xk¡o fuoklh •aMwth usols vkSj Jherh y{ehckbZ dh lqanj] lq'khy iq=kh lkfo=khckbZ ds lkFk lEiUu gks x;kA ml le; lkfo=khckbZ dh mez vkB o"kZ FkhA T;ksfrck dk f'k{kk ds çfr bruk yxko ns•dj muds firk xksfonjko us T;ksfrck dks f'k{kk fnykus dk fu'p; fd;kA lu 1841 esa 14 o"kZ dh vk;q esa mudks LdkWfV'k fe'ku dh vaxzsth ikB'kkyk esa fiQj ls HkrhZ djk;k x;kA ;gka ls muds thou esa u;k eksM+ vk x;kA gkykafd vU; Nk=kksa dh vis{kk T;ksfrck dh mez vf/d Fkh] fdarq bldk è;ku eu esa yk, fcuk og iwjh ,dkxzrk ds lkFk vè;;u djrs Fks vkSj çR;sd ijh{kk esa çFke Js.kh ls mÙkh.kZ gksrs FksA 'kh?kz gh og vius vè;kidksa ds fç; fo|kFkhZ cu x,A blh nkSjku T;ksfrck dh dqN çxfr'khy czkã.k vkSj eqlyeku yM+dksa ds lkFk ?kfu"Brk gks x;hA blls mudks /eZ ds uke ij czkã.kksa }kjk dh tk jgh /wrZrkiw.kZ pkykfd;ksa vkSj vR;kpkjksa ds ckjs esa irk pykA f'kokth vkSj tkWtZ okf'kaxVu dh thofu;ka i<+us ls mudks Je] lkgl vkSj la?k"kZ ds cy ij vkxs c<+us dh çsj.kk feyhA vius vè;;u ds Øe esa mUgksaus ,dukFk dh Hkkxor] Kkus'ojh vkSj rqdkjke dh xkFkk rFkk xhrk] mifu"kn vkSj iqjk.kksa dk Hkh vè;;u fd;kA ik'pkR; fopkjdksa esa tkWu LVqvkVZ fey vkSj gjcVZ Lisalj vkfn us Hkh mudks lkekftd U;k; lans'k
çHkkfor fd;kA T;ksfrck 'kjhj ls cgqr lqanj] LoLFk vkSj rkdroj FksA gkykafd mudks lo.kZ fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls tkfr&çFkk vkSj Åap&uhp ds dVq O;ogkj dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA fdarq mUgksaus blls fcuk fopfyr gq, viuh i<+kbZ tkjh j•hA ,d ckj mudks ,d czkã.k fe=k ds fookg esa 'kkfey gksus dk fuea=k.k feykA ogka ij fuEu tkrh; gksus ds dkj.k czkã.kksa us mudk vieku fd;kA bl ?kVuk ls mudks cgqr ekufld vk?kkr yxkA ?kj ykSVus ij firk xksfoanjko ls mudh ckr gqbZ rks mUgksaus iwNk] ^fdlus cuk;k gesa uhp\ ;g lkjk czkã.kksa dk <dkslyk gSA ckjkr dh ?kksM+h dks Nwus ls mUgsa Nwr ugha yxrh vkSj gekjs Nwus ij Nwr yx tkrh gSA D;k ge tkuojksa ls Hkh x,&chrs gSa\ og f'k{kk ls ysdj 'kL=k rd çR;sd {ks=k esa ikjaxr gksuk pkgrs FksA blfy, i<+kbZ ds lkFk&lkFk mUgksaus ygwth HkkÅ uke ds ,d ekax (vNwr) O;fÙkQ ls ryokjckth] fu'kkusckth vkfn dk çf'k{k.k fy;kA ;g ,d la;ksx gS fd T;ksfrck ds lkFk nks vU; ;qokvksa us Hkh ygwth lkYos ls lSfud çf'k{k.k fy;kA buesa ,d oklqnso cyoar iQM+ds us vaxzstksa ds fo:¼ l'kL=k Økafr esa Hkkx fy;k vkSj nwljs cky xaxk/j fryd FksA f'k{kk çkfIr ds nkSjku~ T;ksfrck dks fganw&/eZ dh vU; cgqr lh iqLrdksa ds lkFk&lkFk VkWel isu dh iqLrdksa ^jkbV~l vkWiQ esu* vkSj ^fn ,t vkWiQ fjtu* dks Hkh i<+kA ekuookn ds çcy i{k/j vkSj çoÙkQk VkWel isu ds fopkjksa dk T;ksfrck ds fparu ij O;kid çHkko iM+kA vesfjdk ds foæksgh ys•d isu dh ekU;rk Fkh fd ^ns'k] oa'k] iaFk] Lrj] fyax vkfn ds vkèkkj ij euq";ksa esa HksnHkko djuk bZ'ojh ;kstuk ds fo:¼ gSA gj ,d dks nwljs dh euq";rk dh dæ djuh pkfg, vkSj lHkh ds lkFk lekurk dk crkZo djuk pkfg,A* (eqjyh/j txrki] ;qxiq#"k egkRek iQwys] i`"B&28&29) isu ds 51
vuqlkj]*O;fÙkQ ;k O;fÙkQ;ksa ds lewg dks vius&vius fo'okl ds vuqlkj bZ'oj dh HkfÙkQ djus dh NwV gksuh pkfg, vkSj bl ckjs esa fdlh Hkh ljdkj ;k vU; laLFkk dks gLr{ksi ugha djuk pkfg,A lkFk gh ;fn fdlh dh vlfg".kqrk ds dkj.k vU;ksa dh /kfeZd Lora=krk ij vkØe.k dk Hk; mRiUu gksrk gks rks lacaf/rksa dh /kfeZd Lora=krk dh j{kk djuk ljdkj dk drZO; gksuk pkfg,A* (ogh] i`"B&29) viuh bl /eZ laca/h fopkj ç.kkyh dks isu ^ekuork èkeZ* (fjyhtu vkWiQ áwesfuVh) dgrs FksA isu dh vkn'kkZsfÙkQ Fkh&^iwjk fo'o esjk ns'k gS vkSj lcdh HkykbZ djuk esjk /eZ gSA* (ogh] i`"B&29) isu ds ekuork&/eZ vkSj ckn esa T;ksfrck iQwys }kjk LFkkfir ^lkoZtfud lR;/eZ* esa lS¼kafrd :i ls cgqr lekurk gSA ekuo dk lEeku] oS;fÙkQd Lora=krk dk vkxzg vkSj xqykeh dk f/Ddkj isu dh lexz fopkj ç.kkyh dh f=klw=kh FkhA Lora=krk dk vkxzg vkSj xqykeh dk fèkDdkj ,d gh flDds ds nks igyw gSaA bu rhuksa rRoksa dks vyx&vyx ugha fd;k tk ldrkA T;ksfrck us Hkh vius dk;ks± vkSj lkfgR; esa bu rhu rRoksa ij lnk gh cy fn;kA* (ogh] i`"B&29) fe'kujh dkWyst esa i<+rs gq, T;ksfrck dks nks ykHk gq,A ,d rks bZlkbZ iknfj;ksa vkSj vaxzst çkè;kidksa ds lkfuè; esa bZlkbZ /eZ ds ckjs esa xgjkbZ ls tkuus&le>us dk volj feyk vkSj fganw /eZ dh cqjkbZ;ksa dk irk pykA lkFk gh fparuijd] rkfdZd vkSj vk/qfud çxfr'khy fopkjksa ls ifjiw.kZ iqLrdsa i<+us dk Hkh volj feykA nwljs] çxfr'khy fopkjksa okys czkã.k vkSj eqlyeku lgikfB;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk dqN ejkBk] bZlkbZ vkSj fuEu tkrh; ;qokvksa ls mudh ?kfu"Brk gks x;h Fkh] ftuds lkFk og fganw /eZ dh cqjkbZ;ksa vkSj muds fujkdj.k ds ckjs esa ckr djrs FksA vius vizSy 2014
xEHkhj vè;;u] rkfdZd fparu vkSj tkfr&O;oLFkk dk uk'k rFkk L=kh vkSj edku esa dU;k ikB'kkyk dh LFkkiuk dh] ekuooknh n`f"Vdks.k ds dkj.k T;ksfrck fuEu tkfr;ksa dk f'kf{kr gksuk vfuok;Z tgka ij mPp tkfr;ksa ds yksx gh jgrs FksA vius lHkh lkfFk;ksa ds fç; vkSj vkn'kZ gSA 'kwæ&vfr'kwæ lekt esa lekurk vkSj yM+fd;ksa dh f'k{kk dh Hkkjr esa ;g cu x, FksA mUgksaus lkekftd :f<+;ksa vkSj vkRe&lEeku dh Hkkouk dks tkx`r djus igyh ikB'kkyk FkhA lkfo=khckbZ dks bl /kfeZd dV~Vjrk dks T;ksfrck lekt dh ds fy, T;ksfrck iQwys us mUgsa crk;k fd ikB'kkyk dh eq[;&vè;kfidk cuk;k çxfr vkSj fodkl ds fy, vfHk'kki os ftl lkekftd nklrk dk na'k Hkksx jgs x;kA lkfo=khckbZ dk vè;kid cuuk Hkh ekurs Fks vkSj bl dkj.k budk fojks/ gSa] og muds iwoZ&tUeksa dk iQy ugha gS] ,d ,sfrgkfld ?kVuk FkhA blls iwoZ Hkkjr djrs FksA blds vykok lekt esa çpfyr tSlkfd czkã.kksa }kjk crk;k tkrk gS] dh fdlh efgyk dks f'kf{kdk cuus dk :f<+;ksa] çFkkvksa] ekU;rkvksa]vaèkfo'oklksa vfirq] ;g vf'k{kk vkSj lfn;ksa ls Fkksih volj ugha feyk FkkA T;ksfrck iQwys ds ds dkj.k lekt esa çpfyr vekuoh; x;h ekufld nklrk dk ifj.kke gSA ç;klksa dk ifj.kke Fkk fd lkfo=khckbZ vkSj lekt dks ihNs dh vksj ys tkus mudk er Fkk fd lekt fuekZ.k vkSj Hkkjr dh igyh efgyk f'kf{kdk cuhaA okyh tM+ ijEijkvksa dk Hkh mUgksaus ml le; T;ksfrck iQwys dh fojks/ fd;kA lkFk gh muds vanj ^^lkekftd :f<+;ksa vkSj èkkfeZd vk;q dsoy 21 o"kZ dh FkhA ns'k&çse dh Hkkouk fodflr gksrh bruh de vk;q ds ;qod }kjk dVV~ j rk dks T;ks f rck lekt dh çxfr x;hA og vaxzsth 'kklu ds f•ykiQ 'kq: fd;k x;k L=kh f'k{kk dk Fks vkSj pkgrs Fks fd vaxzstksa dks vkSj fodkl ds fy, vfHk'kki ekurs ;g dk;Z ,d vnHkqr] vuwBk tYn ls tYn ns'k ls ckgj Hkxk Fks vkSj bl dkj.k budk fojks/ djrs vkSj Økafrdkjh dk;Z FkkA nsuk pkfg,A brus fo'kky ns'k ij ml tekus esa lekt esa ;g Fks A blds vykok lekt es a çpfyr eqV~Bh Hkj vaxzst dSls 'kklu dj èkj.kk Fkh fd Ldwy tkus ls jgs gSa vkSj mudks D;ksa ugha ekj :f<;+kas izFkkvksa ekU;rkvksa] vaèkfo'oklksa yM+fd;ka fcxM+ tk,axhA dqN Hkxk;k tkrk] tc mUgksaus bu ç'uksa yksx yM+fd;ksa dh f'k{kk dks ds dkj.k vekuoh; vkS j lekt dk ij fopkj fd;k rks mUgsa eglwl èkeZ&fo:¼ ekurs Fks vkSj ihNs dh vks j ys tkus okyh tM+ gqvk fd lekt esa laxBu vkSj blfy, viuh yM+fd;ksa dks ,drk dh deh gS] vkSj lekt esa ijEijkvkas dk Hkh mUgkasus fojksèk fd;kA i<+us ds fy, Ldwy ugha Hkstrs ,drk u gksus dk lcls çeq• FksA T;ksfrck iQwys us yM+fd;ksa lkFk gh muds va n j ns ' k&çs e dh dkj.k vf'k{kk vkSj lekt esa tM+ dh f'k{kk ds fy, Ldwy •ksyk rd iQSyh o.kZoknh Å¡p&uhp okyh Hkkouk fodflr gksrh x;hA og vaxzsth rks cgqr ls yksxksa us mudh dM+h tkfr&O;oLFkk gSA czkã.k opZLo 'kklu ds f•ykiQ Fks vkSj pkgrs Fks vkykspuk dh vkSj mudks okyk Hkkjrh; lekt iq#"k lÙkkRed Hkyk&cqjk dgkA bruk gh ugha fd va x z s t ks a dks tYn ls tYn ns ' k ls lekt gSA czkã.k lc ij viuk cgqr ls yksx lkfo=khckbZ dh çHkqRo cukdj j•uk pkgrk gS] ckgj Hkxk nsuk pkfg,A** galh mM+krs Fks] mu ij xanh blfy, lekt esa fuEu tkrh; yksxksa fVIif.k;ka djrs Fks] muds Åij dks vkSj ?kj esa L=kh dks fuEu xkscj o dhpM+ iQsaddj ekj nsrs ekudj nckdj j•rk gSA nksuksa dks Fks] rkfd og nq•h gksdj gh nck, j•us ds fy, mlus vius lekt ifjorZu dk tks dke ,d L=kh dj yM+fd;ksa dks i<+kuk can dj nsaA fdarq èkeZxzaFkksa esa O;oLFkk dh gSA f'kf{kr gksus ldrh gS og dke nl f'k{kd ugha dj lHkh vkykspukvksa vkSj fojksèkksa ls fopfyr ij os bu /eZ&xzaFkksa esa fufgr dqfVyrkvksa ldrsA blfy, L=kh&f'k{kk dks lokZsifj gq, fcuk T;ksfrck iwjh n`<+rk ls vius vkSj ik•.Mksa dks tku tk,axs blfy, L=kh ekuk rFkk viuh f'k{kkiw.kZ dj iq.ks ykSVrs mís'; dh vksj vxzlj jgsA bldk ;g vkSj fuEu tkfr;ka nksuksa dks gh mlus f'k{kk gh mUgksaus lcls igys viuh iRuh ifj.kke gqvk fd lu 1849&50 esa mudh lkfo=khckbZ dks i<+kuk 'kq: fd;kA 14 ikB'kkyk esa i<+us okyh yM+fd;ksa dh vkSj ekuo&vf/dkjksa ls oafpr j•kA og bl fu"d"kZ ij igqaps fd ns'k dh tuojh] 1848 esa mUgksaus iq.ks dh cq/okj la[;k c<+dj 70 rd gks x;hA bl vktknh vkSj lekt dh çxfr ds fy, isB esa vius czkã.k lg;ksxh Jh fHkM+s ds ikB'kkyk ds vPNs ifj.kke ls T;ksfrck vizSy 2014
52
lkekftd U;k; lans'k
dk gkaSlyk c<+k vkSj mUgksaus blds ckn iq.ks 'kgj vkSj nsgkrksa esa yM+fd;ksa dh dbZ ikB'kkyk,a LFkkfir dhA bu ikB'kkykvksa ds ekè;e ls yM+fd;ksa dh f'k{kk dk ekxZ ç'kLr djus ds ckn T;ksfrck us vNwrksa dh f'k{kk dh vksj è;ku fn;k rFkk 15 ebZ] 1852 dks vNwr cPpksa dh f'k{kk ds fy, ,d ikB'kkyk dh LFkkiuk dhA iwjs ns'k esa vLi`'; tkfr;ksa ds cPpksa dh f'k{kk ds fy, LFkkfir dh x;h ;g igyh ikB'kkyk FkhA nfyrksa ds mRFkku dh fn'kk esa vkèkqfud Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa T;ksfrck iQwys }kjk fd;k x;k ;g igyk egRoiw.kZ ç;kl FkkA fo|ky;ksa ds fy, /u dh O;oLFkk vkSj çca/u ds dk;Z esa T;ksfrck brus O;Lr jgrs Fks fd •kuk •kus rd ds fy, Hkh eqf'dy ls le; fudky ikrs FksA fdarq blds mijkar og Lo;a Hkh cPpksa dks i<krs FksA ljdkj }kjk fu/kZfjr ikBÔØe ds vykok og fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks /eZ] lekt] laLÑfr vkfn ds ckjs esa Hkh crkrs FksA osn ;k fdlh Hkh /kfeZd xzaFk dh jpuk bZ'oj us ugha dh gSA budh jpuk euq";ksa }kjk dh x;h gS] feF;k çpkj czkã.kksa }kjk vius LokFkZ flf¼ ds fy, fd;k x;kA T;ksfrck iQwys ds thou esa ,sls Hkh dbZ volj vk, tc muds ikl •kus rd ds fy, iSls ugha Fks vkSj mudks rFkk lkfo=khckbZ dks Hkw•s gh jguk iM+kA fdarq os dHkh grk'k vkSj nq•h ugha gq,A vius lekt&lq/kj ds vfHk;ku dks vkxs c<+krs gq, T;ksfrck iQwys us ^efgyk lsok e.My* dh LFkkiuk dhA lEiw.kZ Hkkjr esa vLi`';rk mUewyu gsrq dk;Z djus okyh ns'k esa ;g igyh laLFkk FkhA vNwrksa ds lkFk&lkFk xjhc fdlkuksa ds ?kj tk&tkdj cPpksa dks i<+kus ds fy, çsfjr dj f'k{kk ds ekè;e ls muds thou dks csgrj cukus gsrq T;ksfrck iQwys us vdFkuh; ç;kl fd;kA 25 o"kZ dh ;qok mez esa gh brus cM+s vkSj egku dk;Z djus ds dkj.k nwj&nwj rd lkekftd U;k; lans'k
T;ksfrck dh [;kfr iQSy x;hA nfyr lekt ds og eqfÙkQnkrk vkSj elhgk cu x,A L=kh vkSj nfyrksa dh f'k{kk ds çfr T;ksfrjko }kjk fd, x, egku~ dk;Z ds fy, 16 uoEcj]1852 dks eqEcbZ ljdkj }kjk mudk ukxfjd vfHkuanu dj lEekfur fd;k x;kA bl volj ij vius Hkk"k.k esa T;ksfrck iQwys us dgk Fkk fd ^eSa Kku dk nhid ysdj mu lcds ikl tkuk pkgrk gwa ftuds thou esa va/sjk gh vaèksjk gSA bl lEeku&oL=k us çekf.kr dj fn;k gS fd Kku lHkh ds fy, gS] og fdlh dh cikSrh ugha gSA (;qxiq#"k egkRek iQqys] eqjyh/j txrki] i`"B&47)A tkudkjh ds fy, ;g crkuk vko';d gS fd ml le; dsoy fo[;kr laLÑr iafMrksa dks gh lEeku&oL=k HksaV fd;k tkrk FkkA T;ksfrck iQwys igys xSj&czkã.k O;fÙkQ Fks ftudks lEeku&oL=k HksaV dj lkoZtfud vfHkuanu fd;k x;k FkkA mu fnuksa lekt esa fo/ok fL=k;ksa dh n'kk cgqr n;uh; FkhA cgqr lh fo/ok fL=k;ka viuh xyrh ls vFkok iq#"kksa dh pkykdh dk f'kdkj gksdj xHkZorh gks tkrh Fkh] mudh lekt esa cM+h nqxZfr gksrh FkhA muds cPpksa dks lekt esa ?k`.kk] vieku vkSj nqRdkj feyrh FkhA ,slh efgykvksa dh lgk;rk djus ds fy, T;ksfrck iQqys us 28 tuojh] 1853 dks ,d ^cky gR;k çfrca/d x`g* dh LFkkiuk dhA fdlh Hkh dkj.k ls xHkZorh gqbZ fo/ok efgyk bl dsaUæ esa vkdj viuh çlwfr djk ldrh Fkh vkSj cPps dks ;gha ij NksM+dj tk ldrh FkhaA ;fn pkgs rks os Lo;a Hkh ;gka ij jg ldrh FkhaA blls cgqr lh fo/ok fL=k;ksa dks lkekftd dyad vkSj vieku dh ftanxh thus ls eqfÙkQ feyhA iq.ks esa LFkkfir bl çlwfr&x`g dh liQyrk ls çsfjr gksdj T;ksfrck us i.<jiqj esa Hkh ,d ^cky&gR;k çfrca/d x`g* dh LFkkiuk dhA T;ksfrck iQwys vkSj lkfo=khckbZ dh 53
dksbZ larku ugha FkhA çlwfr&x`g esa vius voS/ cPps dh çlwfr djkus vk;h dk'khckbZ uke dh ,d fo/ok czkã.k L=kh ds cPps dks] mlds vuqjks/ ij] iQwys nEifÙk us xksn ys fy;kA vius bl nÙkd iq=k dk uke mUgksaus ;'koar j•kA (T;ksfrck iQwys ds vR;f/d çHkkfor gksus dk ifj.kke Fkk vFkok egt ,d la;ksx fd MkW- vEcsMdj ds ,dek=k thfor iq=k dk uke Hkh ;'koar Fkk)A iQwys nEifÙk us cgqr vPNh rjg ls ;'koar dk ikyu&iks"k.k fd;kA vius ekrk&firk dh lsok Hkkouk ls çHkkfor vkSj çsfjr gksdj ;'koarjko us MkWDVjh dh f'k{kk çkIr dhA ekyh lekt ds ,d çfrf"Br O;fÙkQ Kkuok vkS".kjko lgk.ks dh iq=kh jk/kckbZ ds lkFk ;'koar dk fookg gqvkA ml le; esa tc tkfr&cká fookg djuk iki le>k tkrk Fkk] ;'koarjko vkSj jk/kckbZ ds vartkZrh; fookg dks lekt esa ,d vk'p;Ztud vkSj lekt&fojks/h ?kVuk ds :i esa ns•k x;k FkkA cgqr ls yksxksa us bl fookg dk fojks/ fd;kA T;ksfrck us lekt dh csgrjh ds fy, dbZ çdkj ds dk;Z fd,A iq.ks esa jkT; dh vksj ls czkã.kksa dks nku fn, tkus dh O;oLFkk FkhA blls u dsoy vui<+] v;ksX; czkã.kksa dh vkthfodk pyrh Fkh vkSj os Hkksyh&Hkkyh vf'kf{kr&vKkuh turk esa dqjhfr;ksa] va/&fo'okl vkSj ik•.M iQSykrs FksA cgqr ls yksx iQthZ ukeksa ls Hkh jkT; ls ;g /ujkf'k çkIr djrs FksA bl O;oLFkk ds }kjk ljdkjh /u czkã.kksa ij yqVk;k vkSj muds }kjk •wc ywVk tk jgk FkkA ;g O;oLFkk f'kokth] is'kok ls ysdj vaxzstksa ds vkus ij Hkh pkyw jgh FkhA T;ksfrck iQwys us bl O;oLFkk dk tksjnkj fojks/ fd;k rFkk bl O;oLFkk dks lekIr djokdj bl ij •pZ gksus okyh jkf'k dk ejkBh lkfgR; ds çdk'ku vkSj nwljh Hkk"kkvksa ls ejkBh Hkk"kk esa vuqokn ij •pZ djkus dh O;oLFkk vizSy 2014
djk;hA ejkBh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; dh o`f¼ vkSj fodkl dk Js; T;ksfrck iQwys dks tkrk gSA T;ksfrck iQwys us vius fopkjksa dks lekt esa nwj rd iQSykus ds fy, dbZ iqLrdksa dh jpuk Hkh dhA mudh igyh iqLrd ^r`rh; jRu* ,d ukVd Fkk] tks 1855 esa çdkf'kr gqvkA lu 1869 esa ^f'kokth&pk&iksokM+k* (N=kifr jktk f'kokth Hkkslys dk iaokM+k) uked nwljh iqLrd çdkf'kr gqbZA blds i'pkr~ ,d ds ckn ,d mUgksaus dbZ iqLrdsa fy•ha] ftuesa ^czkã.kkaps dlc* (czkã.kksa dh pkykdh)]*fdlku dk dksM+k*]^vNwrksa dh dSfiQ;r* vkSj ^xqykexhjh* 'kkfey gSaA ^lkoZtfud lR;/eZ iqLrd* muds }kjk fyf•r lcls vafre iqLrd gSA ;g iqLrd 1889 esa çdkf'kr gqbZ FkhA blds vykok Hkh mUgksaus dbZ ys• fy•sA ^xqykexhjh* dks rks nfyrksa dh eqfÙkQ dk ?kks"k.kk&i=k ekuk tkrk gSA mUgksaus ^lrlkj* uked if=kdk dk lEiknu Hkh fd;kA T;ksfrck iQwys us ckn esa ftl ^lR;'kks/d lekt* dh LFkkiuk dh Fkh mldh oSpkfjdh dh uhao ^lrlkj* ds }kjk gh j•h x;h FkhA ^lR;&'kks/d lekt* oLrqr% o.kZ tkfrxr HksnHkko] Åap&uhp] czkã.kksa }kjk iQSyk, x, >wB] ik•.M] Ny&diV] Bxh] va/ fo'okl] vkSj buds }kjk nfyr lekt dks 'kks"k.k ds çfr tkx:d cukus dk ,d vkanksyu FkkA cgqr FkksM+s le; esa gh nfyr lekt dh vkdka{kkvksa dk çrhd vkSj la?k"kZ&psruk dk laokgd cu x;k FkkA ^lR;&'kks/d lekt* ds }kjk T;ksfrck iQwys us de •pZ esa] czkã.k&iqjksfgrksa ds fcuk ljy i¼fr ls ngst&eqÙkQ fookg djok,A bls iqjksfgrokn ds çfrdkj ds çFke vkSj liQy ç;kl ds :i esa ns•k tk ldrk gSA fo/okvksa ds iqufoZokg djok,A cky&fookgksa ds nq"ifj.kkeksa ds ckjs esa lekt dks tkx`r fd;kA T;ksfrck iQwys us vius dk;ks± vkSj vizSy 2014
ys•u ds ekè;e ls czkã.kokn dk ftruk ç•j fojks/ fd;k mlls og czkã.kksa dh vka•ksa dh fdjfdjh cu x,A vius jkLrs ls gVkus ds fy, czkã.kksa us T;ksfrck iQwys dh gR;k ds fy, nfyr lekt ds nks cfy"B vkSj •wa•kj O;fÙkQ;ksa dks rS;kj fd;kA fdarq T;ksfrck ds fopkj lqudj mudh gR;k djus ds ctk, os T;ksfrck ds vuq;k; cu x,A ckn esa muesa ls ,d T;ksfrck dk vaxj{kd cuk vkSj nwljk lR;&'kks/d lekt dk egRoiw.kZ dk;ZdÙkkZ cuk] nfyr&'kksf"kr lekt ds vknj vkSj lEeku ds ik=k gks x,A nfyr yksx muds ,d b'kkjs ij dqN Hkh djus ds fy, rRij jgrs FksA 1876 ls 1882 rd T;ksfrck iQwys iq.ks dh uxjikfydk ds lnL; pqus x,A bl nkSjku mUgksaus vusd lektksi;ksxh çLrko lfefr esa is'k dj lekt dk fgr fd;kA nfyr&fiNM+h cfLr;ksa ds fy, fctyh&ikuh dh O;oLFkk djkus dk Js; T;ksfrck iQwys dks tkrk gSA mUgksaus gh blds fy, uxj ikfydk lfefr esa tksjnkj vkokt mBk;hA fiQtwy•phZ ds og l[r fojks/h FksA uxj ikfydk dh fiQtwy•phZ jksdus ds fy, dbZ O;ogkfjd lq>ko fn,A ok;ljk; ds iq.ks vkxeu ij 'kgj esa ltkoV ij gqbZ fiQtwy•phZ dk mUgksaus ;g dgdj fojks/ fd;k Fkk fd fiQtwy•phZ dh ctk, ;g /u xjhcksa dh f'k{kk ij •pZ fd;k tkuk pkfg,A 'kjkc dh nqdkusa c<+kus ds fu.kZ; dk Hkh T;ksfrck iQwys us rhoz fojks/ fd;k Fkk D;ksafd ;g yksxksa ds LokLF; vkSj thou ls f•yokM+ gSA i'kq fpfdRlk dkWyst dk fuekZ.k] çkbejh ikB'kkykvksa esa Nk=ko`fÙk;ksa dh la[;k esa o`f¼] u, cktkj ds fuekZ.k ds ihNs mudh mYys•uh; Hkwfedk jghA nfyrksa ds lkFk&lkFk fdlkuksa dh nqnZ'kk ds çfr Hkh T;ksfrck iQwys cgqr fpafrr jgrs Fks vkSj mudh n'kk lq/kjus ds fy, dbZ mYys•uh; dk;Z fd,A 54
lkB o"kZ dh vk;q rFkk lkoZtfud vkSj lekt&lq/kj ds {ks=k esa fujarj egku dke djrs gq, pkyhl o"kZ gks tkus ij T;ksfrck iQwys dk 11 ebZ 1888 dks eqEcbZ esa ukxfjd vfHkuanu dj mudks ^egkRek* dh mikf/ ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA cM+kSnk ds egkjktk l;kthjko xk;dokM+ bl volj ij Hksts vius lans'k esa T;ksfrck iQwys dks ^Hkkjr dk cqdj Vh okf'kaxVu* dgdj mudk lEeku fd;kA blds dqN ekg ckn gh tqykbZ 1888 esa og ydok jksx ls xzLr gks x,A muds 'kjhj dk nk;ka Hkkx fuf"Ø; gks x;kA blds mijkar mudh lfØ;rk esa dksbZ deh ugha gqbZA mUgksaus ck,a gkFk ls dke djuk 'kq: fd;k vkSj ck,a gkFk ls gh ^lkoZtfud lR;/eZ* iqLrd dks fy•dj iwjk fd;kA LokLF; vf/d fcxM+us ij mudk ?kj ls ckgj fudyuk can gks x;k vkSj og fcLrj ij gh ysVs jgus dks etcwj gks x,A bl nkSjku Hkh mUgksaus viuh lfØ;rk cuk, j•hA vkSj i=kksa ds }kjk yksxksa ds lkFk lEidZ cuk, j•kA bl nkSjku~ fy•s muds i=kksa dh lcls fo'ks"k ckr ;g Fkh fd og çR;sd i=k esa lcls Åij ^lR;eso t;rs* fy•k djrs FksA lR; ds çfr T;ksfrck iQwys dk vkxzg tcjnLr FkkA mUgksaus laLFkk cuk;h&^lR;'kks/d lekt*] ftl /eZdks mUgksaus viuk;k vkSj ikyu fd;k mls uke fn;k ^lkoZtfud lR;/eZ* vkSj i=k fy•rs le; muds 'kh"kZ ij Hkh fy•rs Fks rks ^lR;eso t;rs*A mipkj ds ckotwn ydos dh bl chekjh ls og mcj ugha ldsA mudk LokLF; fnu&çfrfnu •jkc gksrk x;k vkSj lu 1890 dh 28 uoEcj dks 63 o"kZ dh vk;q esa ekuork ds ç•j çoÙkQk vkSj iks"kd rFkk lR; ds egku lk/d] lkekftd Økafr ds firkeg Økafrlw;Z T;ksfrck iQwys dk fu/u gks x;kA (ys[kd tkus ekus nfyr lfgR;dkj gSa) lkekftd U;k; lans'k
Hkkjrh; bfrgkl esa ukjh dh lkekftd fLFkfr vkSj MkW- vEcsMdj dk ;ksxnku
Hkk
jr ds izkphu bfrgkl dk vè;;u fd;k tk, rks Li"V gksrk gS fd ukjh us vusd {ks=kksa esa xkSjoe;h dhfrZ vftZr dh FkhA ukjh dks nsoh; 'kfDr ds :i esa LFkku feyk FkkA mudh loZ=k iwtk gksrh FkhA iwtk ls rkRi;Z mudh eku&e;kZnk vkSj muds vf/dkjksa dh j{kk ls gSA mUgsa x`gy{eh vkSj x`gnsoh ds uke ls Hkh lacksf/r fd;k tkrk FkkA x`gLFkh dk dksbZ Hkh dk;Z mudh lgefr ds fcuk ugha fd;k tkrk FkkA thou ds vusd voljksa ij os iq#"k ls vkxs jgrh FkhA /kfeZd d`R; Hkh muds vHkko esa viw.kZ ekus tkrs FksA /kfeZd] lkekftd vkSj j.k{ks=k esa vius ifr dk lg;ksx nsuk mudk drZO; ekuk tkrk FkkA Hkkjrh; bfrgkl esa ukjh dk lkekftd mÙkjnkf;Ro bruk egÙoiw.kZ gksus ds ckn Hkh Hkkjr ds fganw lekt O;oLFkk esa ukjh dh fLFkfr vR;ar n;uh; jgh gSA /eZ ds uke ij ukjh ds izrkM+u dh tks O;oLFkk,¡ nh xbZ vkSj /eZ ds Bsdsnkjksa us ukjh ds ru dk iS'kkph nksgu fd;k] mldk vuqdj.k fganw lekt us O;ogkj esa [kqydj vkSj fujadq'k gksdj fd;kA lkekU;r% ;g dgk tkrk gS fd Hkkjrh; lekt esa ukjh dh lkekftd fLFkfr lEekuiwoZd jghA mls 'kfDr ds lkdkj :i esa ekuk x;k vkSj ukjh dh y{eh] ljLorh vkSj nqxkZ ds :i esa iwtk&vpZuk dh tkrh jghA ukjh dks iq#"k dk lg;ksxh vFkok v¼k±fxuh ds :i esa izfrf"Br fd;k x;k dkykUrj esa dgk tkrk gS fd ;g lkekftd fLFkfr cnyrh xbZ vkSj iq#"k buds eku&lEeku
lkekftd U;k; lans'k
dfiy xkSrejko ewu
rFkk vf/dkjksa dks Nhurk x;kA iQyr% mudh fLFkfr esa fxjkoV o voufr vkrh xbZA ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd le; pØ ifjorZu'khy gSA lalkj dh gj xfrfof/;k¡ Hkh ifjorZu'khy gksrh gSA le; ds lkFk&lkFk O;oLFkk esa Hkh ifjorZu vk;kA ukjh dk izse] cfynku vkSj loZLo leiZ.k dh Hkkouk dkykUrj esa mYVk mUgha ds fy;s fo"k cu x;kA lekt dh ?k`f.kr fopkj/kjk us mUgsa iq#"kksa ds cjkcjh ds in ls gVk fn;k vkSj lekt esa ukjh dk LFkku xkS.k gks x;kA mudks insZ ds ihNs jgus ds fy, foo'k dj fn;k x;kA mudk f'k{kk dk vf/dkj Hkh muls Nhu fy;k x;kA muds lkekftd thou dk {ks=k lhfer dj fn;k x;k vkSj mudh Lora=krk ij 55
izfrca/ yxk fn;k x;kA blls Li"V gksrk gS fd Hkkjrh; ukjh dks iw.kZ :i ls xqyke dj mudh Lora=krk dk guu fd;k vkSj muds lkjs vf/dkjksa ij izfrca/ yxk fn;k x;kA ukjh oxZ ds fy, lokZf/d izfrdwy fLFkfr ml le; Fkh tc euqLe`fr dks lkekftd ,oa fofèkd ekU;rk feyhA blfy, MkWvEcsMdj us Hkh euqLe`fr dks u dsoy ukjh oxZ dh voufr dk lk/d cryk;k vfirq mls leLr fganw Hkkjrh; lekt ds iru dk dkj.k ekukA D;ksafd euLe`fr esa ukjh ds ckjs esa fy[kk x;k gS] ^^ukjh dh j{kk mlds cpiu esa mldk firk djrk gS] ;qokoLFkk esa tc mldk ifr fnoaxr gks tkrk gS rc mlds iq=k mldh j{kk djrs gSaA** vFkkZr~ ukjh dHkh Hkh Lora=k vizSy 2014
vius tekrk feukUnj ds lkFk vkØe.k fn;k x;k vkSj mudks fliQZ Hkksx oLrq jgus ;ksX; ugha gSA ukjh dh lkekftd fLFkfr dy vkSj fd;kA iq#"kksa dk dRysvke fd;k x;kA tks ekuk x;kA fganw ukfj;k¡ cph] os NdM+ksa esa Hkjdj vkt tkfrokn dh pkrq;Ziw.kZ O;oLFkk us dy dh ukjh dh lkekftd fLFkfr fons'kksa esa ys tkbZ xbZ vkSj vjc ds pkSjkgksa Hkkjrh; ukjh dks vkSj Hkh T;knk xqyke esa ppkZ djrs le; ;g lPpkbZ lkeus ij vkuksa esa csp nh xbZA vFkkZr~ eè;dky cuk fn;k x;kA bl O;oLFkk us fdlh ,d vkrh gS fd Hkkjr ds fganw lekt esa ukjh esa Hkh ukjh Lora=k ugha Fkh vkSj mls fliQZ èkeZ dh ukjh ds fy;s fu;e ugha cuk;s dh lkekftd fLFkfr vR;Ur n;uh; jgh xqykeh dk gh lkeuk djuk iM+k vkSj cfYd lewph ukjh dh xqykeh ds fy;s gSa A ukjh oSfnd dkyhu lekt esa gh vkØe.kdkfj;ksa dh f'kdkj cuuk iM+kA fu;e cuk;kA ftlesa lHkh /eksZa dh ukjh HkksX;k vkSj nklh cu pqdh FkhA oSfnd eqxy dky esa Hkh nkfl;ksa dk O;kikj dks os iq#"kksa ls vyx j[kuk pkgrs FksA dky esa vk;Z&vuk;Z ds chp tks tc euqLe`fr dk fuekZ.k gqvk la?k"kZ gksrk jgrk Fkk] mlesa iq#"k rc euqLe`fr us fiQj ,d ckj tkfrokn dh pkrq ; Z i w . kZ O;oLFkk us ekjs tkrs Fks vkSj ukfj;k¡ idM+h Hkkjrh; ukjh dks xqykeh esa can tkrh FkhA idM+h gqbZ ukfj;k¡ Hkkjrh; ukjh dks vkSj Hkh T;knk xqyke dj fn;kA dgk tkrk gS fd euq cykRdkj dh f'kdkj gksrh Fkha] cuk fn;k x;kA bl O;oLFkk us fdlh 'kwnzksa ds izfr ftruk Øwj Fkk] lkexzh dh Hkk¡fr csph tkrh Fkha vkSj mruk gh ukjh fu;e ds izfr Øwj ,d èkeZ dh ukjh ds fy;s fu;e ugha nklh ds :i esa nku esa nh tkrh FkkA euqLe`fr esa ftrus Hkh ukjh FkhA oSfnd dky esa bl izdkj dh cuk;s cfYd lewph ukjh dh xqykeh ds fy, fu;e cuk, gSa os lHkh ukjh dh lkekftd fLFkfr FkhA ds fy;s fu;e cuk;kA ftlesa lHkh ds lHkh fu;e ukjh ds vf/ oSfnd dky ls gh lekt esa ukjh dkjksa ij izfrca/ yxkrs gSa vkSj èkeks Z a dh ukjh dks os iq # "kks a ls vyx e;kZnk dk Lrj fujUrj fxjrk x;kA mls xqyke cukrs gSaA vFkkZr~ ukjh dks blh dky esa gh urZdh j[kuk pkgrs FksA tc euqLe`fr dk euqLe`fr us ukjh dh Lora=krk vkSj os';k cuk fn;k x;kA bu Nhu fy;kA mls lkekftd] fuekZ.k gqvk rc euqLe`fr us fiQj ,d dks os';kvksa dks xf.kdk vkSj vIljk vkfFkZd] 'kSf{kd] lkaLd`frd dgk tkrk FkkA xf.kdk ukjh dks ckj Hkkjrh; ukjh dks xqykeh esa can vf/dkjksa ls oafpr dj fn;k oL=kghu dj upk, tkus dk o.kZu dj fn;kA dgk tkrk gS fd euq 'kwnzksa x;k vkSj fo/ok ukjh dks thou osnksa esa vusd LFkkuksa ij vk;k gSA esa lrh izFkk] ngst nkuo] eafnjksa ds iz f r ftruk Øw j Fkk] mruk gh ukjh oSfnd dky esa ukjh dks uaxk upk;k esa foèkokvksa dk ukjdh; thou] tkrk Fkk] ;g ukjh dh vèkksxfr dk fu;e ds izfr Øwj FkkA euqLe`fr esa cky fookg] tSlh Øwj izFkk dk fuEuLrj FkkA oSfnd dky ds ckn f'kdkj gksuk iM+kA ukjh fliQZ ?kj ftrus Hkh ukjh ds fy, fu;e cuk, gS a lekt esa ukjh dh e;kZnk dk Lrj dh pkjnhokjh rd gh lhfer os lHkh ds lHkh fu;e ukjh ds vkSj Hkh fxjrk pyk x;kA jkek;.k] gksdj viuk thou dkVrh jghA egkHkkjr ds dky esa ukjh iq#"k dh vfèkdkjksa ij izfrca/ yxkrs gSa vkSj lHkh èkeksZa us ukjh dks ikih&ujd Nk;k cu xbZA lhrk jke dh Nk;k }kjk djkj dj fn;k FkkA lar cuh] egkHkkjr esa /`rjk"Vª dh iRuh mls xqyke cukrs gSaA** dof;f=k;ksa rd us Lo;a dh xak/kjh vk¡[kksa ij iV~Vh ck¡/dj ifr nklrk gh O;Dr dh gSA ukjh dk dh vuqxkfeuh cuh vkSj fonzksg djus ij fons'kksa ds lkFk gksrk FkkA baXyS.M vkSj eqfDr ekxZ] u dsoy ukjh 'ks"k ls] ukjh Hkh nzksinh tq,s ds nkao ij yxk nh xbZA iqrZxky ls Hkkjr dk ;g O;kikj pyrk fuank ls rS;kj gqvk gSA Lokra=k; iwoZ dky ;g dgk tkrk gS fd eè;dky esa ukjh FkkA ukjh j{kk ds fy, ckn'kkgksa }kjk egyksa esa vR;qPp in ij cSBus okyh jft;k dh n'kk vfr vèkksxfr dks izkIr gks xbZA esa tu[kkvksa dk izcU/ fd;k tkrk FkkA lqyrku ,dek=k ukjh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA jkuh bl dky esa fons'kh vkØe.k gksus yxsA 300 o"kZ rd eqfLye 'kklu esa ukjh y{ehckbZ] pk¡nchch] rkjkckbZ] vfgY;kckbZ bZlk iwoZ (386) esa iatkc ij fldUnj us foykflrk dh lkexzh cuh jghA bl izdkj vkfn lÙkk ij FkhA ysfdu mlds ckn vkSj bZlk iwoZ (180) esa nSfef=k;l us ukjh dks muds lHkh vf/dkjksa ls nwj djk iq#"k iz/ku laLd`fr esa ukjh dh vlkèkkj. vizSy 2014
56
lkekftd U;k; lans'k
krk dks udkjdj mls nklrk dh csfM+;ksa esa tdM+us ds gh iz;kl gksrs vk jgs gSaA mUuhloha lnh esa ukjh lq/kj dh t:jr eglwl gksus yxhA Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa eksgEen rqxyd us ukjh vf/dkj dh igyh lun cgky dhA rqxyd us l[rh ls lrh izFkk ij ikcUnh yxkbZA bruk gh ugha lrh gksus ls igys ljdkjh vuqefr ysus dh 'krZ tkjh dhA ysfdu rRdkyhu ekSyoh] iafMrksa us rqxyd dks ikxy djkj nsdj mldh ;kstuk dks vliQy cuk;kA blls ;gh Li"V gksrk gS fd Hkkjrh; ukjh dks os lnk ds fy, xqyke gh j[kuk pkgrs FksA ysfdu le; cnyrk x;k vkSj ukjh mRFkku ds fy, dqN egkiq:"kksa }kjk iz;kl fd;k x;kA ftlesa jktkjke eksgu jk; tSls yksxksa us lrh izFkk ds fojks/ esa vkanksyu fd;kA ukjh ds mRFkku esa egkRek T;ksfrck iQwys dk fo'ks"k lgHkkx jgk gSA mUgksaus ukjh lekurk vkSj 'kwnz&vfr'kwnz la?k"kZ dks vius vkanksyu esa izFke LFkku fn;k FkkA mUgksaus futh rkSj ij tks iz;kl fd;s mlesa Hkh ukjh dk fopkj izFke FkkA mUgksaus ukjh ds fy, dsoy Kku ds njokts gh ugha [kqys fd, vfirq cky fookg] izkS<+ fookg] fo/ok fookg] ifrrk&ifjR;Drkvksa ds tfVy uktqd iz'u] ckygR;k izfrcU/d x`g] bu lHkh {ks=kksa esa vxqvk cudj izR;{k dk;Z fd;kA muds fy, laLFkk,¡ [kksyhA vk/qfud fopkjksa dk izlkj ,oa izpkj fd;kA egkRek iQwys dsoy cky fookg ds fo:} izpkj dk;Z djds :ds ugha cfYd ckfyx yM+dh dh lEefr ls fookg r; gks ,sls ^lEefr fookg* dk fopkj izpfyr djus dk mUgksaus iz;kl fd;kA egkRek iQwys ds ckn Hkkjrh; ukjh ds lkekftd mRFkku ds fy, lcls T;knk iz;kl MkW- vEcsMdj us fd;kA tc MkWvEcsMdj tqykbZ 1913 esa U;w;kWdZ igq¡ps vkSj dksyafc;k ;wfuoflZVh esa nkf[kyk fy;k rc ogk¡ dk okrkoj.k mnkj vkSj lkekftd U;k; lans'k
lekurk ij vk/kfjr ns[kdj os izHkkfor gq,A ogk¡ ukjh dks Hkh iq#"kksa ds leku vf/dkj izkIr FksA vFkZO;oLFkk esa ukjh dks lh/k ;ksxnku FkkA gj {ks=k esa os iq#"kksa ls dU/s ls da/k feykdj vkxs c<+ jgh FkhA MkW- vEcsMdj ds fy, ;g ,d u;k gh lalkj Fkk ukjh ds l'kDrhdj.k ls os cgqr izHkkfor gq, vkSj igyk liuk mUgksaus ;gh ns[kk fd Hkkjr ykSVdj ;gk¡ dh ukjh dks Hkh os blh rjg l'kDr cukus dks iz;kl djsaxsA tc MkW- vEcsMdj us Hkkjr esa vkdj viuk la?k"kZ 'kq: fd;k rc Hkkjr dh ukjh ds mRFkku esa MkW- vEcsMdj dk ;ksxnku fo'ks"k ljkguh; jgk gSaA ftlds pyrs vkt Hkkjr dh ukjh iq#"kksa ls dU/s ls da/k feykdj gj {ks=k esa dke dj jgh gSA Hkkjr esa ,slk dksbZ {ks=k ugha gksxk ftlesa Hkkjr dh ukjh us viuk LFkku fuf'pr ugha fd;k gksA lkekftd n`f"V ls ns[kk tk, rks vkt Hkkjrh; ukjh dh lkekftd fLFkfr esa cgqr cM+k cnyko vk;k gSA ftlds pyrs lfn;ksa ls xqyke ukjh vkt ljdkjh ukSdjh] Hkkjrh; laln esa lkaln] fofHkUu fo/kulHkkvksa esa fo/ k;d] uxj fuxeksa esa lnL;] xzke iapk;rksa esa xzke iz/ku dh Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gSaA bruk gh ugha fd iz/kuea=kh] jk"Vªifr vkSj eq[;ea=kh dh Hkh Hkwfedk Hkkjrh; ukjh us fuHkkbZ gS vkSj vkt orZeku esa Hkh fuHkk jgh gSa] ;g lc MkW] vEcsMdj ds la?k"kks± dh otg lsA Hkkjrh; ukjh ds mRFkku esa MkW- vEcsMdj dh Hkwfedk MkW- vEcsMdj ^vkReksHkkj* dks thou dk vfUre y{; ekurs FksA mUgksaus Hkkjrh; ukjh ds mRFkku esa vius f'k{kk dky ls gh iz;kl fd;kA 4 vxLr 1913 dks U;w;kdZ ls vius ,d fe=k dks fy[ks i=k esa MkWvEcsMdj fy[krs gSa] ^^;g lkspuk xyr gS fd ekrk&firk cPps dks dsoy tUe nsrs gSa] Hkfo"; ughaA ekrk&firk vius cPpksa dk Hkfo"; mTToy cuk ldrs gSaA 57
;fn ge bl fl¼kUr ij py iM+s rks vfr 'kh?kz og 'kqHk fnu ns[k ldrs gSaA yM+dksa ds lkFk&lkFk yM+fd;ksa dh f'k{kk dh vkSj Hkh è;ku nsdj ge 'kh?kz izxfr dj ldrs gSaA vki viuh iq=kh dks f'k{kk nsdj bldk ykHknk;d ifj.kke Lo;a ns[k ldrs gSaA** MkWvEcsMdj dk ekuuk Fkk fd fdlh Hkh ns'k dh vkcknh dk vk/k fgLlk ukfj;ksa dk gksrk gS vkSj blfy, rjDdh og rHkh dj ldrk gS tc mldh ukfj;ksa dks rjDdh dk leku volj feysA mUgksaus vius vkUnksyu esa Hkh ukjh dks izeq[k LFkku fn;k FkkA ukjh gh lekt dk m¼kj djsxh vkSj deZdkaM] va/fo'okl dks nwj djsxhA bl ij mudh izxk<+ J`¼k FkhA bl dkj.k os vius Hkk"k.kksa }kjk ukjh dks lEcksf/r djrs jgs] ^^vki vius cPpksa dks i<+kvksA vPNk jgu&lgu viuk yksA diM+s iQVs gksa ysfdu lkiQ <ax ds cukdj bLrseky djksA** vFkkZr~ ukfj;ksa us fdl rjg lkiQ&lqFkjk jguk pkfg, blds ckjs esa Hkh MkW- vEcsMdj dk ;g fopkj cgqr egÙoiw.kZ gSaA ukjh dks thou esa dSls jguk pkfg, bldh lh[k MkWvEcsMdj nsrs gSA ukxiqj eas 18] 19 vkSj 20 tqykbZ 1942 dks vf[ky Hkkjrh; nfyr ifj"kn~ dk rhljk vf/os'ku vk;ksftr fd;k x;k FkkA bl vf/os'ku esa 20&25 gtkj efgyk mifLFkr FkhA ml le; mUgksaus dgk] ^^fdlh Hkh lekt esa gksus okyh ukjh dh izxfr ds vk/kj ij ml lekt dh izxfr dks vk¡d ldrs gSaA** ftl euqLe`fr us Hkkjrh; ukjh dks xqyke cuk;k Fkk vkSj muds lHkh vf/dkj Nhu fy, Fks ,slh ^euqLe`fr* dh MkW- vEcsMdj us gksyh tykbZA D;ksafd mudk ekuuk Fkk fd bl xzaFk ds izko/kuksa ds pyrs gh Hkkjrh; lekt esa ukjh dks mudk mfpr vf/dkj ugha fey ldk gSaA lu~ 1928 esa lkbZeu deh'ku ds le{k fn, x, vius lk{; esa Hkh MkW- vEcsMdj us o;Ld erkf/dkj dh tksjnkj odkyr dh vkSj dgk fd 21 vizSy 2014
o"kZ ds Åij lHkh Hkkjrh;ksa dks pkgs os efgyk gks ;k iq#"k mudks ernku dk vf/dkj feyuk pkfg,A 1942 esa MkWvEcsMdj dks xouZj tujy dh dk;Zdkfj. kh esa dk;Zdkjh lnL; ds :i esa fu;qDr fd;k x;k vkSj mUgksaus Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa igyh ckj Hkkjrh; ukjh ds fy, ^izlwfr vodk'k* dh O;oLFkk dhA tks vkt Hkh Hkkjr dh lHkh ljdkjh ,oa xSjljdkjh deZpkjh ukjh dks nh tkrh gSA ;g Hkkjr dh ukfj;ksa ds fy, cgqr cM+h miyC/ gS vkxs pydj tc MkW- vEcsMdj dks lafo/ku izk:i lfefr dk vè;{k pquk x;k rks mUgksaus lafo/ku ds vuqPNsn 14 esa ,slk izko/ku j[kk fd fyax ds vk/kj ij ukfj;ksa ds lkFk fdlh izdkj dk HksnHkko ugha fd;k tk,xkA bruk gh ugha] dkuwu ea=kh ds :i esa MkW- vEcsMdj us ^fganw dksM fcy* laln esa is'k fd;k] ftldk mís'; Fkk vyx&vyx iaFkksa esa caVs fganw leqnk; dh ukfj;ksa ds fy, ,d leku vkpkj lafgrk rS;kj djuk] ftlesa Hkkjrh; ukfj;ksa ds oSokfgd ekeys esa] rykd laca/h ekeys esa] mÙkjkfèkdkj] xksn ysus vkSj xqtkjk HkÙkk ds ekeys esa rFkk ikfjokfjd fgLlsnkjh ds ekeys esa leku vf/dkj feys ,slk mudk vkxzg FkkA ysfdu :f<+oknh yksxksa ds fojks/ ds dkj.k ^fganw dksM fcy* ml le; ikl ugha gks ldk vkSj MkW- vEcsMdj us vius dkuwu ea=kh in ls bLrhiQk ns fn;kA blls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd Hkkjrh; ukjh ds mRFkku ds fy, MkW- vEcsMdj fdrus iz;kljr FksA mUgksaus vius ea=khin dk FkksM+k lk Hkh fopkj ugha fd;kA ysfdu in ls bLrhiQk nsus ds ckn Hkh MkW- vEcsMdj pqi ugha cSBs vkSj lkekftd rFkk jktuSfrd eapksa ls vkSj viuh ys[kuh ds ekè;e ls bl fcy dks ikfjr djkus ds fy, la?k"kZ djrs jgsA ckn esa lu~ 1955&1956 esa blh ^fganw dksM fcy* dks dbZ VqdM+ksa esa tSls fganw fookg dkuwu] fganw mÙkjkf/dkj dkuwu] vizSy 2014
fganw xksn ,oa xqtkjk HkÙkk dkuwu tSls ukeksa ls ikl fd;k x;kA bu dkuwuksa dks ikfjr djokus esa Hkh MkW- vEcsMdj us vge~ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA MkW- vEcsMdj dk liuk iwjh rjg rc lkdkj gqvk] tc 2005 esa fganw mÙkjkf/dkj dkuwu esa la'kks/u djds iq=kh vFkkZr~ ukjh dks Hkh iq=k ds leku iSr`d laifÙk esa cjkcjh dk vf/dkj fn;k x;kA bl izdkj Hkkjrh; ukjh ds mRFkku ds fy, MkW- vEcsMdj dh ;g ekSfyd nsu gSA ftlds dkj.k Hkkjrh; ukjh lnk ds fy, MkW- vEcsMdj dh ½.kh jgsxhA thou dk dksbZ vkSfpR; ugha gksrk gSA Hkkjrh; laLd`fr esa ukjh ds fofHkUu :iksa dks ek¡] cgu] v/k±fxuh] csVh ds ukeksa ls tkuk tkrk gSA eksgEen vyh ftUuk ds vuqlkj] ^^nqfu;k esa dye vkSj ryokj nks lcls cM+h 'kfDr;k¡ gS ij bu nksuksa 'kfDr;ksa ls cM+h ,d vkSj 'kfDr gS ftls ukjh dgrs gSaA** vxj Hkkjr dk bfrgkl iyVdj ns[ksa rks lhrk] nqxkZ] ikoZrh dks ekrk dk ntkZ fn;k x;k gSA ysfdu vyx&vyx le; esa Hkkjrh; ukjh ij dbZ izdkj dk vU;k;&vR;kpkj gksrs vk jgk gSA tc euqLe`fr dk fuekZ.k gqvk rc efgykvksa ij gksus okyk vU;k;&vR;kpkj pje lhek ij igq¡pk FkkA ftlds fu;eksa us Hkkjrh; ukjh dks xqyke fd;k Fkk vkSj mudh Lora=krk Nhu yh FkhA ysfdu Hkkjr dh Hkwfe ij MkWvEcsMdj ,sls egkekuo dk tUe gqvk ftUgksaus Hkkjrh; ukjh ds mRFkku ds fy, vius vkf[kjh lkal rd iz;kl fd;k vkSj Hkkjrh; ukjh dks ,d ubZ fn'kk nhA MkWvEcsMdj dks Hkh tc dh ekSdk feyk rc mUgksaus Hkkjrh; ukjh dk lkekftd ntkZ lq/kjus ds fy, fo'ks"k iz;kl fd;kA pkgs og lafo/ku cukrs le; gks ;k ^fganw dksM fcy* dks laln esa is'k djrs le; gks] lnSo iz;kl fd;kA bruk gh ugha mUgksaus vius dbZ Hkk"k.k vkSj ys[kuh }kjk Hkkjrh; ukjh dh lkekftd fLFkfr dks 58
mtkxj fd;kA bldk urhtk ;g gqvk fd vkt Hkkjr dh ukjh jktuhfr] dyk] foKku] O;kikj fpfdRlk] [ksy vkfn gj {ks=k esa iq#"kksa ds cjkcj esa gSA fdj.k csnh] lkbZuk usgoky] fdj.k etwenkj] lquhrk fofy;El tSlh efgyk,a bl rF; dks vkSj Hkh iq[rk djrh gSaA orZeku le; esa Hkkjr dh ukjh viuk iQSlyk djus esa l{ke gSa vkSj LorU=k Hkh] dkj.k mudk f'kf{kr gksuk gSA vkt Hkkjr dh ukjh dk ,d cgqr cM+k rcdk fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa dkedkth gS tks fd muds c<+rs opZLo dks fn[kkrk gSA lUnHkZ lwph (1) iwoZnsok&lkekftd foKku 'kks/ if=kdk] vizSy] flrEcj 2001 (2) MkW- jkecpu jk;] ^Hkkjr jRu MkW- vEcsMdj O;fDrRo ,oa d`frRo*] 1993 3)
,l- ,y- lkxj] Hkkjr dh larIr ukjh] lkxj izdk'ku] eSuiqjh (m- iz-)] 1998
(4)
lEiknd&MkW- 'kj.kdqekj fyackys] vuqoknd lEiknd&MkW- lw;Zukjk;.k j.klqHks] ^izKklw;Z MkW- ckcklkgsc vEcsMdj*] ok.kh izdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh] 2013
(5)
vkuan Jhd`".k] ys[k&^fofeu ikWoj dh tM+ esa MkW- vEcsMdj*] uoHkkjr VkbZEl] 13 tqykbZ 2013-
(6)
MkW- lqdu ikloku izKkp{kq] ^dsoy nfyrksa ds elhgk ugha gSa vEcsMdj*] jktdey izdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh] 2011-
(7) Pkkaxnso Hkokujko [kSjeksMs ^MkW- vEcsMdj vkf.k fganw dksM fcy* lqxkok izdk'ku] iq.ks egkjk"Vª 2012- (ys[kd MkW ckck lkgc vEcsMdj nfyr ,oa tufgr vè;;u dsUnz] e-xka-va-fga-fo-fo- oèkkZ esa 'kksèkkFkhZ gSAa )
lkekftd U;k; lans'k
nfyr lkfgR; esa ukjh eqfDr ds iz'u jtr jkuh ehuw
fg
Unh nfyr lkfgR; esa ukjh eqfDr Loj ,d lkFk xwatus yxs FksA tgk¡ mnkjoknh ds iz'uksa ij ppkZ djus ls iwoZ iq#"k leqnk; fL=k;ksa dh fLFkfr;ka lq/kjus fo'o esa ukjh eqfDr ls tqM+s iz'uksa dh fL=k;ksa dh vktknh dk iwoZihfBdk ij vR;ar la{ksi esa utj Mky ysuk lehphu gksxkA 8 ekpZ efgyk fnol igyk ikB la;qDr jkT; ds :Ik esa iwjs fo'o esa euk;k tkrk gSA vesfjdk ds eSlkP;w,V~l ;g L=kh ioZ gSA ;g L=kh psruk vkSj mldh tkxzfr dk izrhd Hkh gSA bl fnu jkT; esa 1611 esa oksV nsus dh 'kq:vkr 1857 dks U;w;kdZ esas diMs+ dk vf/dkj ls 'kq: gqvkA dh feyksa dh dkexkj fL=k;ksa us dh FkhA blds fy, Hkh mUgsa la?k"kZ mUgksaus vius osru o dke ds ?kaVs 15&16 ls ?kVkdj 10 ?kaVs djus dh ekax dks djuk iM+k FkkA exj nqHkkZX; ysdj ,d izn'kZu fd;k FkkA fo'o esa ;g jgk fd dqN L=kh fL=k;ksa dk ;g izFke izn'kZu Fkk] ftlesa fojks/h fopkjdksa dh otg vius leku vf/dkj dh ckr mBkbZ xbZ FkhA ;g fnu fL=k;ksa ds vf/dkj psruk ls mudk ;g erkf/dkj dk igyk fnol FkkA muds mBk;s x, bl blh jkT; esa 1780 esa okil dne dks ml le; dh VsªM ;wfu;uksa us ys fy;k x;k FkkA bu fu. Hkh ilan ugha fd;k FkkA bl fnu dh ,d [kkl ckr ;g Hkh gS fd ;g ,slh VªsM ls kZ;ksa ls nqfu;k esa fL=k;ksa ds tqM+h Jfedk,a Fkh tks u rks iQS'ku ls tqM+h leFkZu vkSj fojks/ ds Loj Fkh vkSj u gh mudh ekax nsg eqfDr dh ,d lkFk xwatus yxs FksA FkhA uSlfxZd :Ik ls fyax vk/kfjr mnkjoknh iq#"k fo"kerkoknh Je vkSj mlls tqM+s xSjcjkcjh tgk¡ ikfjJfed ds fojks/ esa ;g rdZlaxr leqnk; fL=k;ksa dh fLFkfr;ka vkokt FkhA gkyakfd 19oha lnh ls iwoZ Hkh lq/kjus dk iz;kl dj jgk L=kh ls tqM+h dqN vkoktsa eq[kj gqbZa FkhaA fL=k;ksa dh vktknh dk igyk ikB Fkk rks vuqnkjoknh oxZ la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk ds eSlkP;w,V~l muds dneksa dks ihNs [khap jkT; esa 1611 esa oksV nsus dk vf/dkj ls jgk FkkA 'kq: gqvkA blds fy, Hkh mUgsa la?k"kZ djuk iM+k FkkA exj nqHkkZX; ;g jgk fd dk iz;kl dj jgk Fkk rks vuqnkjoknh dqN L=kh fojks/h fopkjdksa dh otg ls oxZ muds dneksa dks ihNs [khap jgk mudk ;g erkf/dkj blh jkT; esa 1780 FkkA fL=k;ksa ds vf/dkj] erkfèkdkj] esa okil ys fy;k x;k FkkA bu fu.kZ;ksa ls f'k{kk tSls cqfu;knh eqíksa dh 'kq:vkr nqfu;k esa fL=k;ksa ds leFkZu vkSj fojks/ ds ls mUgsa laxfBr djus dh ekax mBhA
lkekftd U;k; lans'k
59
fadlh Hkh laxBu vkSj la?k"kZ dks ewrZ :i f'k{kk ds ikB ls izkjEHk gksrk gSA ;g ckr Hkkjr esa MkW- Hkhejko vEcsMdj us nfyrksa ds fodkl ds fy, rhu lw=k nsdj dgh FkhA f'kf{kr gks] laxfBr gks vkSj la?k"kZ djksA mUgkasus f'kf{kr gksus dh ckr igys dh FkhA L=kh eqfDr ds ckjs esa Hkh ;gh iQkeZwyk ykxw gksrk gSA os f'kf{kr gksaxh rks laxfBr Hkh gksxh vkSj vius gdksa ds fy, la?k"kZ Hkh dj ldrha gSaA tc 1788 esa izQkal ds jktuhfrK dkaMlSaM us efgykvksa dks f'k{kk nsus vkSj ukSdjh iznku djus ds lkFk gh jktuhfr esa Hkh Hkkx ysus dh ekax dh FkhA mldk vlj vU; ns'kksa eas Hkh fn[kkbZ nsus yxk FkkA ;gh dkj.k gS fd iqu% la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk us 1840 esa nqØhf'k;k ds usr`Ro esa ^bZDoy jkbV* ;kuh leku vfèkdkj laxBu dh LFkkiuk djds 'Oksr efgykvksa dh rjg uhxzksa efgykvksa ds fy, leku vf/dkjksa dh tksjnkj ekax dh FkhA ukjh eqfDr ;k ukjhoknh fparu if'peh fopkj/kjk ds 'kCn Hkys gksaA exj iwjh nqfu;k dh fL=k;k¡ nks;e ntsZ dk thou thrh jgh gSaA vf'k{kk dh ekj lgh] ?kjsyw fgalk dh f'kdkj jghA vkfFkZd :Ik ls ijk/hu jghA ;g lR; gS bls udkjk ugha tk ldrkA vkt Hkh fL=k;ksa dh cM+h vkcknh [kkldj nfyr] vkfnoklh vkSj fiNM+s oxZ dh fL=k;ka ifjokj] lekt esa lcls fupyh lh<+h ij [kM+h gSaA ;g Ckks/ ftu L=kh oxZ us igys fd;k ;k mUgsa muds lekt vkSj ns'k us djk;kA muesa gh igys xqykeh ls eqfDr dh NViVkgV iSnk gqbZ vkSj mUgsa vktknh Hkh feyhA vkt ukjh eqfDr ls vk'k; ,d oxZ vizSy 2014
nsg eqfDr ls tksM+ dj ns[krk gS ijUrq chloha lnh ds yxHkx eè; esa ^lheksu n cksmokj* L=kh eqfDr dh eq[; iSjksdkj ds :i esa mHkjh FkhaA nqfu;k esa mUgksaus viuk eqdke cuk;k FkkA ftldk nqfu;k dh mu lHkh psru'khy fL=k;ksa ij izHkko iM+k tks f'kf{kr Fkh vkSj tks L=kh eqfDr ds lius ns[krh FkhA Hkkjr dh dqN tkxh gq, f'kf{kr fL=k;ka muds fl¼kUr dks vfrokfnrk ls Hkh tksM+rh FkhA lheksu nqfu;k dh vkSjrksa ls dgrh Fkh fd ^L=kh iSnk ugha gksrh cuk nh tkrh gSA* ;g og fopkj Fkk tks L=khRo ds cks/ ls eqfDr pkgrk FkkA ysfdu buds fparu esa L=kh dks vkRefuHkZj cukuk igyh 'krZ FkhA rHkh og viuh eqfDr dh okLrfod yM+kbZ yM+ ldrh gSaA mUgksaus ,d ckr L=kh ds ckjs esa dgh Fkh tks lh/s&lh/s nfyr&vkfnoklh vkSj fiNM+s oxZ dh fL=k;ksa ls tqM+rh gSA os dgrh gSa ^^L=kh v/huLFk tkfr gSA tkfr dk vFkZ gS fd dksbZ ml tkfr esa mRIkUUk gqvk gS vkSj mlls ckgj ugha tk ldrkA tcfd fl¼karr% ,d O;fDr ,d oxZ ls nwljs oxZ esa LFkkukarfjr gks ldrk gSA ysfdu ;fn vki vkSjr gSa rks dHkh iq#"k ugha cu ldrhA vkSjr fo'kq¼ :i ls ,d tkfr gS] oxZ ughaA vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd n`f"V ls vkSjrksa ds lkFk gksus okyk O;ogkj mUgsa ,d v/huLFk tkfr ds :i esa fufeZr djrk gSA** ;gk¡ L=kh dh fLFkfr nfyr tSlh gSA ;g vyx ckr gS fd Hkkjr dh dqN fL=k;ka ftuesa e`nqyk xxZ] euh"kk vkfn vius dks nfyr dh Js.kh esa j[kus ls l[r ijgst djsaA os viuh txg ,dne Bhd gSaA lo.kZ fL=k;ka nfyrksa dh Js.kh esa ugha vk ldrha D;ksafd os Lo;a lo.kZ ekul fy, gksrh gSaA mudk vkpj.k nfyrksa ds izfr nfyr fL=k;ksa lfgr o.kZxr HksnHkko ls eafMr gh gksrk gSA bl fLFkfr ls tks vius dks vyx djds ns[krh gSaA 'kk;n mudh dFkuh vkSj djuh esa varj gksrk gSA ;gka Åij lheksu vizSy 2014
ds ml dFku dh rjiQ ykSVrs gSa tks mUgksaus L=kh dks ,d vèkhuLFk tkfr crk;k gSA mUgha dh rjg MkW- Hkhejko vEcsMdj us Hkh Hkkjrh; fganw lekt ds ckjs esa dgk Fkk&^^fganw lekt ,d ehukj gSA ,d&,d tkfr bl ehukj dk ,d&,d ry gS vkSj ,d nwljs ry esa tkus dk dksbZ ekxZ ugha gS tks ftl ry esa tUek gS mlh ry (tkfr esa) ejrk gSA** Hkkjrh; lanHkZ esa ukjh eqfDr vkUnksyu dks blh utfj;s ls ns[kus dh t:jr gSA ftu fL=k;ksa vkSj nfyr fL=k;kas dh lkekftd] vkfFkZd 'kSf{kd vkSj jktuSfrd fLFkfr;ka Hkh vius lekt tlh gh gSaA ekuk fd nfyr fL=k;ka Hkh vius lekt esa nks;e ntsZ dk thou thus dks foo'k gSaA mudh og yM+kbZ vius ?kj ds Hkhrj tSlh gh gSA mlds lek/ku Hkh ?kj esa gh ekStwn gSaA mldh i:q"k ls yMk+bZ vyxko dh ugha gS cjkcjh dh gSA i:q"k Hkh fl¼kUr% mrus ladqfpr ekufldrk ds ugha gS ftrus dh lo.kZ i:q"kA exj vius lekt ls ckgj fudyrs gh muds 'kks"k.k cgqijrh; gksus yxrs gSaA nfyr fL=k;kas dks vius ?kj ds Hkhrj firl`Rrk ds fo:¼ l?ak"kZ djuk gS vkSj lkFk gh lkFk mUgsa viuh lkekftd] 'kSf{kd] vkfFkZd ajktuSfrd] Kku] foKku ds {ks=kksa esa vius izfrfufèkRo dh ekax Hkh mBkuh gksxhA os vHkh Hkh ns'k dss fodflr {ks=kksa esas mudh mifLFkfr ux.; cuh gqbZ gSA nfyr&vkfnoklh fL=k;ka thou thus ds ewyHkwr lk/uksa ?kj] ikuh- fctyh] f'k{kk] jkstxkj bR;kfn dks Hkh izkIr ugha dj ikbZa gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd nfyr fL=k;ka viuh tM+sa T;ksfrck iQwys vkSj mudh iRuh lkfo=kh iQwys ls tksM+dj ns[krh gSaA muds tUe fnol 10 tuojh dks nfyr L=kh eqfDr fnol ds :Ik eas eukuk T;knk ilan djrh gSaA exj fganqLrku dh vf/dka'k lo.kZ cqf¼thoh fL=k;ka tkfr;ksa esa caVh gSaA tkfr;ksa ls tqM+dj mudh eqfDr ds }kj 60
[kqyrs gaSA nksuksa dh fLFkfr;ka rHkh rd leku gSa tc rd os izkd`frd :Ik ls L=kh gSaA o.khZ; vkSj tkfr iz/ku lekt mUgsa tkfr;ksa esa ckaV nsrk gSA nfyr fL=k;ksa dks vLi`';rk ds iz'u mUgsa vyx dj nsrs gSaA Hkkjr esa L=kh eqfDr vkUnksyu ds ckjs esa izfl¼ dof;=kh vukfedk fy[krh gSa & ^^Hkkjr esa L=khoknh vkanksyu ds rhu pj.k Fks! mUuhloha 'krkCnh eas iafMrk jekckbZ] T;ksfrck iQwys] lkfo=kh iQwys] jktk jkeeksgu jk;] bZ'ojpUnz fo|klkxj vkfn us L=kh&f'k{kk vkSj Lokoyacu dh eqfge dk ekxZ iz'kLr fd;kA dbZ ,slh :f<+;ka rksM+rs gq, tks L=kh&thou] [kkldj foèkokvksa vkSj vU; ,dkdh fL=k;ksa dk varjax thou {kr&fo{kr j[krh FkhA** vukfedk th us L=kh vkanksyu ds rhu pj.k crk,A nfyr L=kh fpard dh vksj ls bUgha esa pkSFkk pj.k chloha 'krkCnh esa Lokeh vNwrkuan mudh iRuh nqxkZckbZ vkSj MkW- vEcsMdj dk ^fganw dksM fcy* ds ;ksxnku dks tksM+k tkuk vfuok;Z gSA blh le; 1884 esa ^lheaRkuh mins'k* dh vKkr ,d fganw ysf[kdk us fganw fL=k;ksa dh eqfDr dh yM+kbZ mDr iqLrd ds }kjk yM+h FkhA bl iqLrd dh xaHkhjrk bl ckr ls le>h tk ldrh gS fd ysf[kdk dks viuk uke rd fNikuk iM+k FkkA vkt Hkh og xqeukeh ds va/dkj esa gSA exj mldh ys[kuh vHkh Hkh izklafxd cuh gqbZ gSA mlus fganw /eZ dk ,slk ,Dljk fd;k FkkA mlds Hkhrj dk ,d&,d lM+k&xyk vax fn[kkbZ nsrk gS tks fL=k;ksa ds fy, uklwj cuk gqvk gSA bl iqLrd dh [kkst MkW- /eZohj us 1988 esa dh Fkh exj blesa nfyr L=kh dk dqN Hkh ugha gSA bl n`f"V ls mudk Je xSjnfyr fL=k;ksa ds i{k esa pyk x;k gSA Hkkjr esa lHkh o.kksZ dh fL=k;ksa dh eqfDr dh O;ofLFkr vkSj dkuwuh yM+kbZ MkW- Hkhejko vEcsMdj us ^fganw dksM fcy* nsdj yM+h FkhA bl fcy ds rgr~ lkekftd U;k; lans'k
iq=k ds leku iq=kh dks Hkh firk dh lEifÙk esa vf/dkj nsus dh ckr dgh xbZ FkhA fookg vkSj rykd ds vf/dkjksa dh ekax Hkh FkhA ftls rRdkyhu laln us ;g fcy ikl ugha gksus fn;k FkkA ftlls fujk'k gksdj MkW- vEcsMdj us dkuwu ea=kh in ls 10 vDVwcj 1951 dks bLrhiQk ns fn;k FkkA blls mUgsa cgqr nq[k ig¡qpk FkkA bl fcy dk fojks/ djus okys fganw lekt ds djik=kh tSls lk/w lar Fks tks ugha pkgrs Fks fd mudh csfV;ksa dks vkfFkZd :Ik ls firk dh lEifÙk esa ls dkuwuh gd feys vkSj mudh fLFkfr lqèkjsA os vktkn Hkkjr esa Hkh vNwrksa dh rjg fL=k;ksa ij Hkh fganw o.kZ O;oLFkk ds dkuwu dks yknuk pkgrs FksA ckn esa ;g ^fganw dksM fcy* VqdM+ksa esa ikl gqvk FkkA O;kogkfjd :Ik ls fL=k;ksa dks vkt Hkh mudk gd ugha feyrk gSA vNwr fL=k;ksa ij Hkh ogh dkuwu ykxw gksrk gSA MkW- èkeZohj us ^esjh iRuh vkSj HksfM;k* iqLrd ds }kjk fganw fookg vf/fu;e ds fojksèk dh yM+kbZ yM+h gSA os nfyr fL=k;ksa lfgr nfyrksa dks bl vf/fu;e ls vyx j[kus dh igy dj jgs gaSA nfyr fL=k;ksa ds ckjs esa ,d ckr dgh tkrh gS fd mUgsa lo.kZ lekt dh fL=k;ksa dh vis{kk vf/d Lora=krk feyh gksrh gSA bl iz'u esa ;fn lPpkbZ gS rks bruh lh gS fd nfyr lekt viuh foèkokvksa ds lkFk mruh Øwjrk ls is'k ugha vkrk ftruk fganw viuh fL=k;ksa ds lkFk vkrk gSA nfyr lekt esa fo/ok fookg ds ca/u Hkh ugha FksA rykd dh lqfo/k Hkh FkhA mudh viuh tkrh; iapk;r esa ifr&iRuh ds >xM+s gy gks tkrs FksA fganw dh rjg nfyr fL=k;ksa ds le{k /eZ ds uke ij mu tSlh vusd ikcafn;ka ugha FkhaA bu [kwfc;ksa dks Lohdkjrs gq, ,d lans'k ;g tkrk gS fd ,slh fLFkfr esa nfyr yM+fd;ksa dks ftl lekt ls fookg ,dne ugha djus pkfg,A lkekftd U;k; lans'k
D;ksafd ftl lekt esa L=kh xqykeh Hkjk thou thus ds fy, foo'k gks rc ogka nfyr yM+fd;ka fookg djds D;k izkIr djsaxh \ nwljh ckr ;gka ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd tc nfyr fdlh L=kh dks fo/ok iqufoZokg djrh gS] rc og viuh Lora=krk izkIr djus ds ;g dne ugha mBkrh gSA og ml fookg ds ekè;e ls vius thou thus ds fodYi ns[krh gSA mldk lekt bruk lk/u lEiUu ugha gS fd vkthou csVh dks ?kj cSBk dj iky lds vkSj u gh mlds lekt ds ikl f'k{kk ds mUur lk/u] ftlls og viuh csVh dks mlds iSjksa ij [kM+k dj ldsA nfyr lekt esa vHkh Hkh ;gh laLd`fr O;ogkfjr gSA fganw lekt ls vyx okrkoj.k esa bl iqufoZokg esa ;fn lq[k ds dqN {k.k nfyr L=kh dks feyrs gSa rks nq[kksa dk igkM+ Hkh de ugha gksrk gSA ;gk¡ ,d mnkgj.k ds fy, gekjs ikl ';kSjktflag ^cspSu* dh vkRedFkk ^esjk cpiu esjs da/ksa ij* ij gS mlesa ys[kd dh ek¡ dk mnkgj.k fy;k tk ldrk gSA og tc viuh ;qokoLFkk esa fo/ok gks tkrh gSA rc muds ek;ds okyksa us mudk ,d ds ckn ,d nks ckj iqufoZokg fd;kA ,d jkeyky uked O;fDr ls fookg djrs gSaA ;gka ;g crk nsuk t:jh gS fd fL=k;ksa ds bl rjg ds iqufoZokg èkwe/ke vkSj jhfr fjoktksa ;k fdlh Hkh izdkj dh jLeksa ls ijs gksrs FksA xk¡o eksgYys ds ikap&Ng yksx ckr djds yM+dh dks fcBk nsrs gSaA bl rjg iqufoZokg dks ^fcBk nsuk* 'kCn dk iz;ksx Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA blesa fookg dh rjg ?kj esa u fj'rsnkj tqM+rs gSa u Hkkst dk izca/ gksrk gS vkSj u vU; [kq'kh dk okrkoj.k gksrk gSA ;g ,d dk;Z nq[kn fLFkfr esa fd;k tkrk gS] ftlesa yM+dh ds eu esa Hkh fookg tSlh [kq'kh dh meaxsa ugha meM+rh gSaA ';kSjkt dh ek¡ lwjteq[kh dks Hkh nks ckj iqufoZokg tSlh nq[kn fLFkfr;ksa ls xqtjuk iM+rk FkkA nwljs fookg esa jkeyky 61
O;fDr us tYnh viuh ea'kk crk nh Fkh fd mls L=kh pkfg, mlds cPps ughaA ;g ckr ,d ek¡ dks vR;ar d"Vdkjh gksrh gSA lwjteq[kh us rqjUr ogka tkuk mfpr ugha le>kA jkeyky xjhc O;fDr FkkA mldh bruh gSfl;r ugha Fkh fd viuh iRuh ds lkFk vkus okyh mldh larkuksa dks Hkh iky ldsA blds ckn lwjteq[kh dk fHkdkjh uked O;fDr ls rhljk fookg gksrk gSA exj ogka fHkdkjh jkeyky dh rjg lwjteq[kh ds iwoZ ifr ds cPpksa dks ikyus ls badkj rks ugha djrkA exj mUgsa viuh vkSykn Hkh ugha ekurkA muds lkFk lkSrsyk O;ogkj djrk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa lwjteq[kh vius thou ds lq[ke; {k.kksa dks dSls ft,\ ;g iz'u ges'kk muds lkFk cuk jgkA bldh lgh vfHkO;fDr rks lwjteq[kh gh dj ldrha FkhaA ;fn bl lekt us mUgsa i<+us&fy[kus dk volj fn;k gksrk rks og eS=ks;h iq"ik vkSj mu tSlh vU; cM+h ysf[kdk cu ldrh FkhA D;ksafd mudk thou laosnukvksa ls Hkjk FkkA ^vfLFk;ksa ds v{kj* esa vk;s izlax esa ';kSjkt dh ek¡ vius ifr o nsoj ls tkuojksa dh rjg ekj Hkh >syrh gS rks dHkh vius cPpksa dks b/j&m/j NksM+ dj mUgsa tYnh dke fl[kkus dh fpark djrh gSA blh fpark dk ifj.kke og fnYyh esa vius cguksbZ ds ikl ';kSjkt dks dqN dke lh[kus ds fy, NksM+rh gSA viuh csVh ek;k dk cky fookg dj nsrh gSA ek;k Hkh cky fo/ok curh gS mldk Hkh iqufoZokg gksrk gS exj mls Hkh ifr dk lq[k ugha feyrkA cl thou dks cks> dh rjg tSls&rSls dkVrh gSa ;s ek¡ csVhA ;s vf'kf{kr vkSj xjhc lekt dh mu fL=k;ksa ds mnkgj.k gSa ftUgsa lekt us fookg djus dh vktknh rks nh ijUrq budk thou fdlh dSnh ;k xqykeksa ls de d"Vdj ugha chrkA ;s dkYifud ik=k ugha lekt ds lPps ik=k gSaA ,d iz'u fir`lÙkk ls tqM+k gqvk vizSy 2014
vDlj mBk;k tkrk gS fd nfyr lekt esa fir`lÙkk ds y{k.k ik, tkrs gSaA blds mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij dkS'kY;k cSla=kh dh vkRedFkk ^nksgjk vfHk'kki* vkSj lq'khyk VkadHkkSjs dh vkRedFkk ^f'kdats dk nnZ* esa vusd LFkku esa ntZ gqvk gS fd ysf[kdk lq'khyk VkdHkkSjs ifr }kjk ckj&ckj ihVh tkrh gaSA muds ifr cgqr fnuksa rd mudh ru[okg vius gkFk esa j[krs FksA gj oDr mu ij fdlh ijk;s O;fDr tSlk O;ogkj djrs Fks ;k vijkèkh dh rjg fu;a=k.k j[krs FksA edku [kjhnuk gS rks vius uke ls ysuk bR;kfn reke ,sls izlax ;g lkfcr dj gh nsrs gSa fd muds ifr dh ekufldrk fir`lÙkkRedrk ls eqDr ugha gSA bl rjg ds vusd izlax nksgjk vfHk'kki esa Hkh vk;s gSaA blh leL;k dks jtuh fryd us viuh vkRedFkkRed dgkuh ^csLV vkWdjokpkSFk* vkSj ^lejxkFkk* esa [kqyklk fd;k gSA ^vfLFk;ksa ds v{kj* dh lwjteq[kh ;fn ifr vkSj nsoj dh Øwjrk ls ekj [kkrh gSa vkSj os iq#"k mldks ihVrs gSa rks mudks iRuh dks ihVus dh rkdr dgka ls feyrh gSA ;g fir`lÙkkRed lekt mUgsa ;g vfèkdkj nsrk gS fd iRuh dks fu;a=k.k esa j[kus dk vf/dkj ifr dks feyk gqvk gSA ;g nfyr L=kh neu 'kks"k.k dk ,d i{k gSA mlds izfr o.kZ tkfr izèkku lekt Hkh mlds izfr laosnu'khy ugha gSA ?kj ls T;knk lo.kZ lekt mldks nksgjs rjg ls fu;a=k.k esa j[kuk pkgrk gSA ml ij nfyr tkfr dk BIik yxk gSA blfy, og xqyke ;kuh detksj tkfr dh L=kh gSA ml ij fu;a=k.k ikuk iwjs nfyr lekt ij fu;a=k.k esa j[kus ds leku gSA vkfFkZd 'kfDr;ksa dks vius fu;a=k.k esa djds /eZ vkSj iqutZUe dk Hk; fn[kk dj nfyr lekt vkSj nfyr fL=k;ksa dk neu tkjh jgk gSA ;g flyflyk vHkh Hkh tkjh gSA nfyr lkfgR; dh lHkh fo/kvksa esa fL=k;ksa ls tqM+h ;g leL;k,a fpf=kr gqbZ gSaA blfy, dgk tk vizSy 2014
ldrk gS fd nfyr L=kh ds le{k ek=k fir`lRrked lkekftd O;oLFkk dh gh leL;k ugha gSA mldh ewy leL;k o. kZ&tkfr O;oLFkk Hkh gSA dkS'kY;k cSla=kh gks] lq'khy VkdHkkSjs] jtuh fryd gks ;k fiQj lwjteq[kh gksA mu lc vkSj mu tSlh vusd fL=k;k¡ 'kSf{kd] lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuSfrd Kku&foKku ehfM;k esa fiNM+h gSa rks ek=k tkfr O;oLFkk bldh ftEesnkj igys gSA eksgunkl uSfe'kjk; dh dgkuh ^viuk xk¡o* dh Nfe;k miQZ dcwrjh gks] ;k fiQj dqlqe fo;ksxh dh dgkuh ^vafre c;ku* dh vrjks gks] ;k vkseizdk'k okYehfd dh dgkuh ^taxy dh jkuh* dh deyh gks ;k fiQj ^;g var ugha dh fcjek gks, dqlqe es?koky dh dgkuh dh ^eaxyh* dh ^eaxyh* gks t;izdk'k dnZe dh ^lkax* dh paik gks] lwjtiky pkSgku dh ^vkt dh vaxwjh* gks] ;k fiQj uSfe'kjk; dh ^jhr* vkSj mes'k dqekj dh ^;g var ugha* tSlh dgkfu;ka ;g crkrha gSa fd nfyr L=kh gksus ds dkj.k buds lkFk lgt :Ik ls cykRdkj fd;k tkrk gSA iqfyl iz'kklu buds izfr vlaosn'khy cus jgrs gSaA ehfM;k ljdkjh&xSjljdkjh laLFkk,a lc dh lc vlaosnu'khy jgrh gSaA tSls dqN gqvk gh u gksA blds vusd mnkgj.k fey tk,axsA bl laca/ esa iz/ku U;k;k/h'k vYrel dchj dh ml fVIIk.kh dk lanHkZ fy;k tk ldrk gS tks mUgksaus 2013 dks varjkZ"Vªh; efgyk fnol ds volj ij dydÙkk mPPk U;k;ky; }kjk vk;ksftr ,d dk;ZØe esa dgh Fkh& ^^fnYyh esa 16 fnlEcj 2013 dks tks Hkh dqN gqvk og nq[kn o xyr Fkk ysfdu lkFk gh og ,d ek=k ?kVUkk ugha FkhA bls ,d :Ik esa fof'k"V fLFkfr cuk fn;k x;kA fuHkZ;k ;k nkfeuh uke dh yM+dh ftldh ccZj geys esa e`R;q gks xbZ og ,d ek=k ?kVuk ugha FkhA vxys fnu lekpkj i=kksa us ?kVUkk ds f[kykiQ vkØks'k 62
esa ph[k iqdkj epkbZ ysfdu mlh fnu 10 o"khZ; nfyr yM+dh ls lkewfgd cykRdkj vkSj mlds ckn mls tyk fn, tkus dh ?kVuk dks vanj ds iUUks ij fliQZ ikap ls nl ykbuksa esa txg nh xbZA mUgksaus vk'p;Z ds lkFk dgk] fnYYkh lkewfgd cykRdkj ihfM+rk ds ifjokj dks ljdkjksa vkSj fofHkUUk fudk;ksa us Hkkjh eqvkotk fn;kA ysfdu ml NksVh nfyr yM+dh dk D;k gqvkA D;k mlds ifjokj dks dqN feykA lh- ts- vkbZ- us dgk] gesa bu yksxksa dks iw.kZ fu;a=k.k esa ysus dh vko';drk gS rkfd og n'kkZ;k tk lds fd efgykvksa ls fuiVus dk ;g rjhdk ugha gSA dchj us dgk fd lekt dks vkn'kZ cuus dh vknr gSA** ekuuh; U;k;k/h'k vYrel dchj dh ;g ek=k fVIIk.kh Hkj ugha gSA ;g gekjs lekt dh gdhdr gSA gesa ekywe gSA lPPkkbZ dks Lohdkj djus dh vknr ugha gSA U;k;k/h'k }kjk fn;k x;k mnkgj.k Hkh ,d vdsyk ;k viokn ugha gSA 16 fnlEcj dh ?kVuk ds ckn vkSj vkt rd iwjs ns'k esa bl rjg dh ?kVuk,a ?kV jgh gSaA nfyr vcks/ yM+fd;ka] toku vkSj o`¼ fL=k;ka f'kdkj gksrh gSa exj iqfyl mudh jiV rd ugha fy[krhA fgUnh nfyr lkfgR; esa L=kh eqfDr ls tqM+s vU; vusd iz'u Hkh mHkjrs gaSA f'k{kk ls tqM+k ,slk iz'u gS tks muds lkeus vHkh Hkh mUgsa nfyr iq#"kksa ls Hkh ihNs j[ks gq, gSA tkfr fo"kerkoknh lekt esa nfyrksa vkjS fL=k;ksa ij vkjS Hkh vf'k{kk dh ekj iM+hA nfyr L=kh dh eqfDr ds iz'u lh/s&lh/s f'k{kk ls tqMr+s gSA ;wusLdks dh ,d fjiksVZ esa Hkkjr dh f'k{kk dk lp lkeus vk;k gS ^^nqfu;k esa lcls T;knk vui<+ o;Ldksa dh vkcknh gekjs ns'k esa gAS la;qDr jk"Vª dh ,d fjiksV Z esa ;qok ns'k ekus tkus okys Hkkjr dh ;g Hk;kog rLohj lkeus vkbZ gSA blds eqrkfcd gekjs ns'k esa vui<+ o;Ldksa dh vkcknh lkekftd U;k; lans'k
28&7 djksM+ gS ;kfu nqfu;k ds 37 iQhlnh vui<+ o;Ld Hkkjr esa gSA------;wusLdks }kjk izdkf'kr fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd Hkkjr esa lcls vehj ;qofr;ksa us igys gh oSf'od Lrj dh lk{kjrk gkfly dj yh gS] ysfdu lcls xjhc ;qofr;ksa ds fy, ,slk dj ikuk 2080 rd gh laHko gks ldrk gSA** ;wusLdks dh ;g fjiksVZ crykrh gS fd Hkkjr esa xjhc vkSj vehj fL=k;ka nks cM+s [kseksa esa jgrh gAaS ftuesa xjhc fL=k;ksa dh 'kSf{kd fLFkfr vR;ar fparktud gSA fjiksVZ esa 2080 rd Hkh fLFkfr lq/jsxh ,slk vuqeku yxk;k x;k g]S bldh Hkh D;k xkjaVh g\S D;ksafd vktknh dks Bhd 66 lky chr x, vkjS Bhd 66 lky vkSj bartkj djus dh ckr fjiksVZ esa dh xbZ gSA ljdkj dh bl {ks=k esa D;k ;kstuk,a gSa\ og fdruh xaHkhj gS \ lPpkbZ rks ;g gS fd bl fjiksVZ ds vkus ds ckn Hkh ljdkj dh fpark dk ,d lekpkj rd ugha vk;kA tcfd ;g vR;ar fujk'kktud vkSj 'kelZ kj djus okys ifj.kke gekjs lkeus gSaA fiNys nks ls rhu n'kdksa esa f'k{kk dk futhdj.k ftl jÝrkj ls fcuk fdlh ljdkjh jksd&Vksd ds mYVs c<+kok nsdj gqvk gSA mldk lcls T;knk uqdlku xjhc nfyrksa] vkfnokfl;ksa ds yksxkas dk gqvk gSA muesa Hkh fL=k;ksa dk gqvk gAS fpark ;g Hkh cuh gqbZ gS fd dsUnz vkjS jkT; ljdkjksa dk bèkj è;ku gh ugha gSA vc ,d loky ;g gS fd ftudks vehj ;qofr;ksa esa fxuk x;k os fdl tkfr o.kZ dh gSa vkSj ftUgsa xjhc fxuk x;k os fdl tkfr o.kZ dh gSa\ lekt esa fodflr tkfr;ksa ds psgjksa dks ns[k dj bruk rks dgk gh tk ldrk gS fd ftUgsa vehj ;qofr;ka dgk x;k gS os nfyr] vkfnoklh vkSj fiNM+s oxZ dh rks ugha gSa D;kasfd tkfr;ksa ds fodkl ;g n'kkZ gh nsrs gSaA nwljh rjiQ ftUgsa xjhc dgk x;k gSA muesa cM+h vkcknh nfyr] vkfnoklh vkSj fiNM+s lkekftd U;k; lans'k
oxZ dh fL=k;ksa dh vf/d gSA O;kogkfjd lp lcds lkeus gSA nfyr lkfgR; dh jpukvksa esa Hkh ;gh lp vk jgk gSA ge ;gka mnkgj.k ds fy, dqN jpukvksa ij ppkZ djsaxsA ^'khry ds lius* dk mnkgj.k fn;k tk ldrk gSA dgkuh dh eq[; ik=k 'khry nfyr pekj tkfr dh yM+dh gS tks i<+uk pkgrh gS exj mlds firk dh ekSr gks pqdh gSA ek¡ fuj{kj vkSj vYifodflr efLr"d dh gSA mlds ifjokj esa vkfFkZd miktZu dk dksbZ fuf'pr lk/u ugha gSA mlds ,d ppsjs pkpk tks fnYyh esa ekLVj gSaA dqN fnu ds fy, os mls vius ikl ys vkrs gSaA exj og Hkh T;knk fnu mls vius ikl j[k ugha ikrsA cPph 'khry i<+kbZ ds izfr :fp j[krh gSA dqN v{kj lh[krh gSA okil xk¡o igqap dj og Ldwy u tkdj NksVs cgu HkkbZ;ksa dks ikyus ds fy, cw<+h nknh ds lkFk etnwjh djus tkrh gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa mldh i<+kbZ NwV tkrh gSA ,d cw<+h nknh mldk lgkjk FkhA og Hkh py clh gSA ys[kd us lekt ls iz'u fd;k gS fd ,slh fLFkfr esa 'khry us i<+kbZ ds fy, tks lius ns[ks Fks mudk D;k gksxk\ ;k ml tSlh cfPp;ksa dks f'k{kk dSls feysxh \ blh rjg L=kh f'k{kk ls tqM+h ,d dgkuh lq'khyk VkdHkkSjs dh ^flfy;k* gSA mldh eq[; ik=kk flfy;k gSA og Hkaxh lekt dh cPph gSA tkfr fo"kerkoknh lekt esa i<+kbZ djus ds fy, mls vusd fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls xqtjuk iM+rk gSA exj og tSls&rSls gkbZ Ldwy dh ijh{kk ikl djrh gS vkSj vkxs dh i<+kbZ djuk pkgrh gSA exj mldk ifjokj fookg dj nsuk pkgrk gSA D;ksafd mlds ifjokj dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr ,slh ugha gS fd mldh i<+kbZ tkjh j[kh tk, vkSj u lekt esa ,slk okrkoj.k gS fd og Hkaxh tkfr dh cPph dks i<+rs ns[k ldsA flfy;k vius lekt ds izfr cpiu ls gh xaHkhj gSA og lekt esa iQSyh 63
tkfr O;oLFkk dks lekIr djus ds LoIu ns[krh eu gh eu n`<+ fu'p; djrh gSA bl rjg ;g nksuksa dgkfu;ka lekt esa nfyr cfPp;ksa dh f'k{kk esa vk jgh :dkoVksa dks n'kkZrh gSA ;gka ,d vkSj dgkuh dkS'ky iokj dh ^onhZ* dk Hkh mnkgj.k fn;k tk ldrk gSA dgkuh dk ifjos'k gfj;k.kk dk gSA ;g dgkuh pwgM+k tkfr dh NksVh cPph usgk dh gS tks ljdkjh Ldwy esa i<+rh gSA exj ogka mls lc cPpksa ls vyx uhys jax dh onhZ iguus dks nh tkrh gSA tcfd nwljs lkekU; oxZ ds cPps liQsn ;k gYds xqykch jax dh onhZ igurs gSaA usgk dh igpku vyx gks tkrh gSA lkFkh cPps mls uke ls de pwgM+k dg dj vf/d iqdkjrs gSaA og ?kj esa bldh f'kdk;r djrh gSA eq>s ugha iguuh gS ;s onhZA exj mlds ek¡&cki xjhc nwljh onhZ ugha cuk ikrsA dgkuh esa laosnu'khyrk ml le; vkrh gS tc usgk ds firk eqnkZ ij iM+k gqvk liQsn diQu mBk dj ys vkrs gSaA ftlls mldh ek¡ nq[kh gksrh gSA usgk ek¡&firk ds laoknksa dks pqids ls lqurh gS vkSj ckn esa og ml diQu ds diM+s dks mBk dj ys tkrh gS onhZ flyokus ds fy,A ;g dgkuh dgha u dgha ;g lans'k nsrh gS fd tkrh; n'k brus xgjs gksrs gSaA mlls eqDr gksus ds fy, O;fDr fdlh Hkh gn rd etcwj gks tkrk gSA gekjs lekt esa e`rd O;fDr ds diM+ksa vkSj diQu dks bLrseky djus dk ekul ugha gSA exj cfg"d`r tkfr;ksa dks etcwjh esa ,slh R;kT; oLrqvksa dk bLrseky djuk iM+rk gS ftls lH; lHkzkar lekt R;kx nsrk gSA og viuh xjhch ls mruk nq[kh ugha gksrk ftruk tkfr ds vieku ls gksrk gSA (ysf[kdk fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ds deyk usg: dkWyst esa lgk;d izkè;kfid gSaA)
vizSy 2014
fonzksgh O;fDrRo o l'kDr efgyk ehjk ckbZ MkW- fu'kk lR;thr
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nzkgs dkSu djrk gS \ ftlds ikl 'kfDr gks] ftlesa tqYe ds f[kykiQ yM+us dk tTck gks] ftlesa tekus dh f[kykiQr >syus dk tquuw o 'kfDr gksA lcdh :lokbZ dks flj ij tks <ksrk pys o vdsyk lrr~ pyrk jgsA ogh O;fDr fonzkgs dj ldrk gSA nks rjg ds fonzkgs h gksrs gaS ,d os tks tqYe lgus dh lHkh gnas ikj gks tkus ij fonzkgs djrs gSAa nwljs os tks ;g tkudj gh fd ;s xyr gS] vU;k; gS] bldk fojks/ gksuk pkfg,] rc fonzkgs djrs gSAa D;ksfa d vU;k; lgus okyk Hkh tqYe djus okys ds leku vijk/h gksrk gSA igyh voLFkk esa fonzkgs djus okys lk/kj.ktu gksrs gSAa ;s Lo;a ds vR;kpkj eqfDr rd gh lhfer jgrs gSAa nwljs izdkj ds fonzkgs h egku gksrs gS]a tks dsoy lekt dY;k.k ds fy, fonzkgs djrs gaAS dqN yksx ,sls Hkh gksrs gSa tks dHkh Hkh tqYe ds f[kykiQ ugha tkrs o fryfry dj viuk thou xqtkj nsrs gSAa lekt }kjk fu/kZfjr fu;e ,d vke vkSjr ds fy, lnSo vHksn o vumYya?kuh; jgs gSaA muds f[kykiQ rks dksbZ ehjk tSlh fojyh o vnE; lkglh efgyk gh tk ldrh gSA ftldks fojks/ o fonzksg dh nhokuxh lh NkbZ gksA ftls fry&frydj thuk xaokjk uk gksA oks nCcw vkSjr ugha] ftldks vly Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dh [kkl /jksgj dgdj ljkgk tkrk jgk gSA irk gS] ehjk dks vkt Hkh D;wa tkuk tkrk gS\ D;ksafd mlus mu fu/kZfjr jkLrksa ij pyuk ugha Lohdkjk] tks gj ,d vkSjr ds fy, cuk, x;s FksA mlus vius vizSy 2014
jkLrs [kqn cuk, o mu ij pyhA cus cuk, jkLrksa ij oks yksx pyk djrs gSa] ftuesa viuh jkg cuk ikus dh 'kfDr ugha gksrhA ehjk us vius cuk, jkLrksa ij pydj l'kDr efgyk gksus dk ifjp; fn;kA vkSj ,sls jktoa'kh ifjokj esa o ?kksj lkeUrh lekt O;oLFkk dk iwjs ns'k esa cksyckyk FkkA ehjk dks d`".k HkfDr ds :Ik eas gh tkuk&igpkuk tkrk gSA oks HkDr cuh] tcfd fganw 'kkL=kkuqlkj HkfDr dk jkLrk vkSjr ds fy, izfrcaf/r FkkA mlds fy, pwYgk&pkSdk dk {ks=k o ?kj&ifjokj dh lsok gh fu/kZfjr FkhA iq#"k HkfDr djus ds fy, o eks{k ikus ds fy, ?kj&ckj R;kx ldrk Fkk] ysfdu vkSjr ugha] D;ksafd vkSjr ujd dk }kj gksrh gSA mldk eks{k gks gh ugha ldrkA ,slk nq"izpkj djds mls HkfDr {ks=k ls fu"dkflr dj fn;k x;k FkkA tc tkrh; HksnHkko o o.kZ&O;oLFkk vius pje ij FkhA rc lo.kZ o 'kwnz o.kksaZ ds chp ,slh [kkbZ Fkh ftls ikVus dks vPNs&vPNs /qja/j Hkh fgEer ugha tqVk ik, FksA ,sls le; esa ehjk us jktiwr tkfr dh efgyk 64
gksdj lar jfonkl dks xq: cukdj] o.kZ&O;oLFkk ij rst izgkj djds] czkã.kokn dh pwys fgyk nh FkhaA ml le; fo/ok vkSjr ds fy, Hkkjrh; lekt us ,sls dBksj fu;e cuk j[ks Fks fd mudh vuqikyuk djuk fry&frydj ejus ls dgha cnrj FkkA fo/ok ds fy, lkt J`axkj lekt }kjk izfrcaf/r Fks vkSj vkt Hkh gSaA nqfu;ka ls ,d vkneh pyk tkrk gS] fo/ok vkSjr dk rks tgka pyk tkrk gSA ehjk us Ñ".k dks ekè;e cukdj fo/ok Ük`axkj djas&dh vkokt mBkbZA rRdkyhu lksp ds vuqlkj ukpuk&xkuk dyk uk gksdj fuEu oxZ ds lkekftd U;k; lans'k
yksxksa dk is'kk FkkA ftl dkj.k ls bUgsa gs; ekuk tkrk FkkA dqyhu oxZ ds yksxksa dks ukpus o xkus dh otZuk FkhA dqyhu L=kh ds fy, ukpuk&xkuk ?kksj izfrcaf/r FkkA ehjk us ikaoksa esa ?kqa?k: cka/dj ckj&ckj ukp&xkdj ml otZuk dks rksM+kA ml ncax efgyk us lcds lkeus rky Bksaddj lekt dks dg fn;k& ix ?kqa?k: cka/ ehjk ukph jsA ,d dqyhu ?kjkus dh csVh] cgq,a otZukvksa dks rksMs+ o ?kj&ifjokj] lekt ds yksx gkFk ij gkFk èkjs cSBs jg tkrs] ;g dSls gks ldrk Fkk\ ;g BdqjkbZ vku&cku] Kku o fir`lÙkkRed mlwyksa ds f[kykiQ FkhA lkl us mldks dqyuk'kuh Hkh dgkA fofHkUUk fj'rsnkjksa us vusd rjhdksa ls mldks jksdkA ysfdu ehjk us lcds lkeus dg fn;k& Ckjth jh eSa L;ke fcu uka jg;kA ftl le; ij iq#"kksa dh ijNkbZ Li'kZ rd fu"ks/ FkhA ml le; oks lk/qtuksa ds lkFk eaMyh cukdj jgrh FkhA ,d foèkok dh dkesPNk dh vfHkO;fDr ds fy, og dgrh gS& eq[k iho iho ok.kh gksA Eksjh mudh izhr iqjk.kh]
m.k fcu iy u jgkÅ¡AA fxj/j Egkjks lkapks izhre] ns[kr :Ik yqHkkÅ¡AA ;k jS.k iMs+ rc gh mfB tkÅ¡] Hkksj Hk;s mfB vkÅ¡AA jS.k fn.kk okds lax [ksy]w T;w&a T;wa okfg fj>kÅ¡AA tcfd lH; lekt us fo/okvksa ds mijksDr igyqvksa ds izfr lnSo vius vka[k&ukd o dku can j[ksA ehjk }kjk fo/ok oxZ dh ekaxksa dk mBk;k tkukA mlds vnE; lkgl dk ifjpk;d gSA ftl jktiwr ?kjkus dh oks cgw Fkh] mlds fy, ;g lc vlguh; FkkA oSls bl ekeys esa lfn;ka chr tkus ds ckotwn vkt Hkh yksxksa dh lksp esa dksbZ cgqr iQdZ ugha vk;k gSA vkt Hkh ekuk tkrk gS fd csVk gh oa'k ;k uke pykrk gSA ysfdu fuiqfr o fujcaf'k;k ehjk us vejrk ikdj mijksDr dFku dks feF;k lkfcr dj fn;kA ys[ku esa iq#"kksa dk ,dkf/dkj FkkA dye Fkke ehjk us muds ,dkf/dkj dks lekIr fd;kA fL=k;ksa ds vU;k; o vR;kpkj lac/ a h oks ckrsa dg Mkyh tks vkt rd ugha dgh xbZ FkhaA ,slk djds ehjk us fir`lÙkkRed lekt
dks >d>ksj fn;kA lekt us ehjk dk fojks/ fd;kA bl ij ehjk dgrh gS& Tkxjk cksy lg;kA mldh cqyna vkokt dks nck, tkus ij ehjk bruh fonzkgs h gqbZ dh ogk¡ jguk rd R;kx fn;kA vdsyh gh jgus dk fu'p; dj fy;kA ,slk Hkh ugha fd pqipki py iM+h gks] jkr esa fudy iM+h gks ;k vka[kksa esa /wy >ksd a dj vkbZ gksA ehjk us lcds lkeus csf>>d dg Mkyk& ugha HkkoS Fkkjks ns'kM+yks jax:MksA --------------- ge lc R;kxkA ,slk ehjk us rc fd;k FkkA tc mldk lkFk nsus ds fy, uk rks dksbZ dkuwu ;k lao/ S kfud O;oLFkk Fkh] uk efgyk ekuokf/ dkj] uk gh dksbZ efgyk laxBu o uk gh ehfM;k] tks mlds balkiQ ds fy, gqDejkuksa ls nqgkbZ ekaxrkA mijksDr lHkh izko/ku gksrs gq, Hkh 21oha lnh dh efgyk] ,slk lkgl ugha dj ikrh gS tks ehjk us fn[kk;k] ftlls og l'kDr efgyk dk lk{kkrq izek.k cuhA (ysf[kdk fgUnh foHkkx Jh d`".k jktdh; egkfo|ky; daokyh] jsokM+h esa izkè;kfid gSa)
^^ge bTtr ds fy, la?k"kZ djrs gSaA ge vius bl ns'k esa lEeku ds lkFk thuk pkgrs gSaA bTtr ds lkFk jguk izR;sd euq"; dk tUefl) vfèkdkj gS] blds fy, ge tks Hkh R;kx djsa cgqr de gSA~** &MkW- ch-vkj- vEcsMdj lkekftd U;k; lans'k
65
vizSy 2014
dgkuh
uqDrk lanhi ehy
c
M+ ds ihNs okys fgLls dh rjiQ tks ,d iqjkuk lk jktk'kkgh egy fn[k jgk gS] mlds lkeus cksMZ ij ^rglhy dk;kZy;* fy[kk gqvk gSA 1947 ds ckn dgk tkrk gS fd ,d ^Hkkjr* uke dk ns'k vktkn gqvk Fkk vkSj mlh dk ç'kklu pykus ds fy;s ml ns'k esa turk ds dbZ lsod ,sls dk;kZy;ksa eaas tulsok dk dk;Z o.kZ&O;oLFkk ds vk/kj ij djrs gSAa dk;kZy; ds vanj ?kqlrs gh ck;ha vksj ,d dejk Fkk] ftl ij ,d dkyh IysV ^rglhynkj* fy[kdj yVdkbZ xbZ FkhA bl ^rglhynkj* 'kCn dk vFkZ orZeku ifjiz{s ; esa xk¡o esa mu uksVksa ls yxk;k tkrk gS ftldks Hkkjr ljdkj dh ekU;rk çkIr gSA dejs ds vanj ,d dqlhZ j[kh gqbZ Fkh tks jtokM+kas ds jktflagklu ls rqyukRed :i ls fdlh Hkh Lrj ij de ugha Fkh] exj dqlhZ dk ,d VwVk gqvk gRFkk crk jgk Fkk fd vc jktra=k dh txg yksdra=k uke dh fpfM+;k us ys yh gS tks ,d VwVs gq, ia[k ds ckotwn Hkh mM+us dh dksf'k'k dj jgh gSA nhokj ij yVdh gqbZ xka/h dh rLohj xnZ ds dkj.k /q/ a yh gks xbZ Fkh vkSj yx jgk Fkk fd xka/h dk cnu vc uaxk ugha jgk gSA fiNys nks&rhu lky ls bl bykds esa ,d cgqr cM+k ifjorZu ns[kus dks feyk gSA ftrus Hkh ljdkjh egdes Fks muesa ,d fo'ks"k ekSle vk;kA bl ekSle ds dkj.k rcknyksa ds }kjk ;gka ij 'kekZ] feJk] f=kikBh] ikaMs; vkfn yksxksa dh Hkjekj gks xbZ gSA bl ekSle dk ,d [kkl dkj.k yksx crkrs gSa fd ;gka ds fo/k;d tks'kh gSa] ftudh igqap ekSle foHkkx ls vizSy 2014
ysdj eq[;ea=kh ds ?kj iwtk ikB djkus rd gSA blh ekSleh gypy ds nkSjku rglhynkj euksgj pksfV;k dk rcknyk bl 'kgj esa gqvk gSA budh pksVh ?kksM+h dh iwaN ls Hkh yEch gS] ftuds dkj.k czkã.k bUgsa cqf¼eku ekurs gSa tks fdlh Hkh oSKkfud fl¼kUr ds lkeus iy Hkj fVdus dh vkSdkr ugha j[krkA euksgj tks'kh ds nSfud fØ;kdeZ cM+s gh lqO;ofLFkr Fks] vxj dksbZ dq,a ds chp esa yVd tk;s vkSj jLlh VwVus okyh gks rks Hkh os iwtk&ikB ls ugha mBsaxsA ekFks ij rhu fryd yxkdj tc tks'kh fj'or cVksjrs gSa rks psys&pikVs mudh ekuljksoj dh ;k=kk dk Iyku vkSj ctV c[kkurs jgrs gSaA os vktdy cgqr mnkl jgrs gSa] ftldh otg mudk nksLr ?ku';ke gSA oSls rks ?ku';ke dks dqN Hkh ugha gqvk gS] og ,dne ran#Lr gSA xk¡o esa iwtk ikB dk /a/k Bhd&Bkd py jgk gSA gj fnu dksbZ dke /ke fey tkrk] ftlls muds ?kj dh xkM+h fcuk rsy ds py tkrh gSA njvly] tks'kh dh chekjh ;g Fkh fd ?ku';ke dk bdykSrk yM+dk iadt bl ckj rhljh ckj eSfVªd dh ijh{kk nh vkSj mlesa ikl gks x;kA vc bl okd;kr esa u rks iadt dh xyrh Fkh vkSj u gh ?ku';ke dhA vly leL;k ;g Fkh fd lksfu;ksxzkiQh dh e'khu us ml bykds eas yM+fd;ksa dh iSnkb'k ij ikcanh yxk nh Fkh vkSj blh dkj.k fyax vlarqyu bruk c<+ x;k Fkk fd [kqn ?ku';ke ds xk¡o esa 117 toku yM+dksa dk Vksyk dqÙks ekjrk 66
?kwerk gSA iadt dh 'kknh djus ds fy;s Hkh ?ku';ke us reke fj'rsnkjksa vkSj ?kj okyksa dks [kaxky fy;k] ysfdu tc dgha Hkh ekeyk lsV ughas gqvk rks euksgj tks'kh ds lj ij Mky fn;kA ?ku';ke us dgk] ^^vc vki gh dqN dj ldrs gSa] vkidh HkkHkh rks blh fpark esa ejh tk jgh gSA** tc loky HkkHkh dk vk;k rks viuh pksVks dh xkaB [kksydj tks'kh cksys] ^^tc rd rsjs csVs dss gkFk ihyd ugha djok nsrk] rc rd bl pksVh dks [kqyh dh [kqyh--A** ,d og fnu Fkk vkSj ,d vkt dk fnu gSA tks'kh dk gktek bruk [kjkc gks x;k fd gj lqcg iwtk ds ckn os Hkxoku ls ,d yM+dh ekaxrs (vius fy;s ugha iadt ds fy;s)A viQlksl dh ckr gS fd rhu efgus rd Hkxoku us tks'kh dh nj[okLr ij dksbZ è;ku ugha fn;kA ysfdu tks'kh dks iwjk ;dhu Fkk fd ,d fnu t:j dksbZ yM+dh mldh >ksyh esa vk;sxh vkSj os mls lgh lyker iadt ds gokys dj nsxkA eq>s iwjk ;kn gS fd ebZ dk efguk FkkA 'kk;n lqcg ds 7-30 cts gksaxs] tks'kh tks'k ds lkFk iwtk ls mBs vkSj lh/s ?ku';ke ds ?kj x;sA fdlh dks dqN irk Hkh ugha py ik;kA vkt tks'kh dks >ksyh esa otu yxus yxkA gka] vkt mUgsa ,d uqDrk fey x;k FkkA rglhy dk;kZy; esa DydZ dh ,diksLV dbZ fnuksa ls [kkyh iM+h Fkh vkSj vkt iwtk ds nkSjku tks'kh dks yxk fd ml iksLV ij iadt dks gksuk pkfg,A ys lkekftd U;k; lans'k
nsdj ,d gh fnDdr Fkh] ljdkjh fu;eksa ds vuqlkj og iksLV fjtosZ'ku ds vèkhu vkrh FkhA ;gha ij ?ku';ke dk czkã.k gksuk mls cqjk yxk FkkA mUgsa viuh pksVh vkSj cqf¼eÙkk ij bruk Hkjkslk Fkk fd dksbZ u dksbZ jkLrk t:j fudky ysaxsA vxj iadt dks ukSdjh fey tk;s rks og ,d D;k] ikap&ikap 'kknh djok nsxkA ^^dksbZ rks mik; fudkyuk gh iMs+xkA** blh cM+cM+kgV ds lkFk og vius psEcj ls cjkens esa lkr pDdj yxk pqdk FkkA ,d ds ckn ,d vkbfM;k muds fnekx esa vkrk vkSj og mUgsa rqjar fjtsDV dj nsrk D;ksafd vkt mls fdlh Bkalw vkbfM;s dh t:jr Fkh] tks ml iksLV dks iadt dks ns ldsA tc fnekx ds vkStkj&ikrh us dke djuk can dj fn;k rks pSEcj esa dqlhZ ij vkdj cSB x;kA pijklh ls ikuh dk fxykl eaxokdj fi;k vkSj BaMs fnekx ls lkspus yxkA pijklh ds ckgj tkrs gh mlus ,d eksVh&lh ek¡ dh xkyh ljdkj dks nh] tks lEHkor% ljdkj dh vkj{k.k uhfr ij ,d cgqr cM+k geyk FkhA ^ljdkj* bl 'kCn dk [;ky vkrs gh tks'kh us lkspuk 'kq: dj fn;k fd vkf[kj ljdkj dks ns[kk fdlus gS\ vc mlus nwljk uqDrk Hkh idM+ fy;k FkkA rqjUr pijklh dks cqykdj ,d [kkyh tkfr çek.k&i=k dk iQkeZ eaxok;kA cspkjk pijklh nkSM+k&nkSM+k x;k vkSj 5 :i;s dk ,d iQkeZ ysdj vk;kA tks'kh pijklh ls
cksys] ^^uke vkSj irs dks NksM+dj lkjk iQkeZ Hkjok yks vkSj esjk uke ysdj ckcw ls jftLVj esa p<+okdj ys vkvksA** tc rglhynkj dk gqDe gks rks ckcw&lkcw dh D;k vkSdkr \ rhu feuV esa fcuk uke irs dk tkfr çek.k&i=k cudj rS;kj gks x;k] ftls [kqn tks'kh dbZ fnuksa rd yVdk;s j[krk gSA pijklh çek.k&i=k dks rglhynkj dh est ij j[kdj pyk x;kA D;ksafd lkgc xqly[kkus esa fnekx yM+k jgs FksA yky #eky ls gkFk ikSaNdj tc og ckgj vk;k rks xka/h Nki p'es dh utj çek.k&i=k ij iM+hA mls Xykfu rks cgqr gqbZ exj iy Hkj ckn mUgsa viuh ckSf¼drk dk vglkl gqvk vkSj uke dh txg ^iadt iq=k ?ku';ke* Hkjdj pksVh ij gkFk iQsjkA fiQj 5 cts rd dk le; cgqr gh eqf'dy ls xqtjk] ftlesa mls dbZ ckj ?ku';ke dh choh dh ;kn vk;hA gYdh&gYdh gok py jgh FkhA jsr dh jÝrkj crk jgh Fkh fd og dHkh Hkh vka/h dk :i ys ldrh gSA ysfdu vkt vka/h rks D;k rwiQku Hkh tks'kh dks ?ku';ke ds ?kj tkus ls ugha jksd ldrk FkkA og iadt dh ukSdjh dh [kq'k [kcjh nsdj HkkHkh ds gkFk ls yMMw [kkuk pkgrk FkkA tks'kh rst dneksa ls ?ku';ke ds ?kj igaqpk rks ?kj ij dsoy rhu gh yksx Fks] eryc dksbZ ckgj okyk ugha FkkA ^^ueLrs] HkkHkhA** vnkat gh [kq'kuqek FkkA
^^ueLrsA** nsodh oSls Hkh tks'kh ls T;knk ckr ugha djrh FkhA ?ku';ke vUnj ls dqlhZ ys vk;k] ^^cSfB;sA** dqlhZ ij cSBdj og dqN nsj pqi jgk fiQj cksyk] ^^vkt HkkHkh mnkl&mnkl D;ksa gSa \** nsodh dh ctk; tokc ?ku';ke us fn;k]**vc D;k crk;s]a iadt dh 'kknh dks ysdj fpark jgrh gSA fdlh vkSjr us dqN cksy fn;k gksxkA** tks'kh us ekeys dh xaEHkhjrk dks le>rs gq, dgk] ^^cl! bruh&lh ckr dh [kkfrj HkkHkh ds psgjs ij f[kapko vk x;kA HkkbZ] eSa rks ukSdjh fnyk ldrk Fkk] lks fnyk nhA dy ls Hkst nsuk iadt dks M;wVh ijA** blds ckn ?kj o xk¡o esa iadt dks ysdj tks ç'aklk ds iqy cka/s x;s] mudks eSa dgkuh esa ugha fy[k ldrk D;ksfa d ml ç'kalk esa eq>s ges'kk ,d cukoV utj vkrh gSA vc lc dqN cny x;k FkkA iadt dh 'kknh cM+h /we/ke ls gqbZ vkSj tks'kh us Hkh pksVh cka/uk 'kq# dj fn;k FkkA lc dqN Bhd&Bkd py jgk Fkk fd ,d fnu vpkud yksxksa us ns[kk fd tks'kh dh pksVh m[kM+h gqbZ gSA (ys[kd ;qok dgkuhdkj gSa)
^^tgk¡ lgu'khyrk dh lhek [kRe gks tkrh gS] ogk¡ ØkfUr dk mn; gksrk gS** &MkW- ch-vkj- vEcsMdj lkekftd U;k; lans'k
67
vizSy 2014
dfork,a esjs 'kCn
tkurk gw¡ esjs 'kCn rqEgsa galk ugha ldrs rqEgkjk xe gj ugha ldrs rqEgkjs lkFk xquxuk ugha ldrs esjs 'kCn rqEgsa] ehBh yksfj;ka nsdj lqyk ugha ldrsA esjs 'kCn & fcgkjh ;k nso dh Hkkafr rqEgkjh jkèkk dk J`axkj&cksèk ugha gks ldrs dksjs vkMEcj Hkh ugha gks ldrs x<+s x, ftuls rqEgkjs @ iziap Hkjs vusd Hkxoku vkSj nsoh&nsork,aA esjs 'kCn brus pkykd vkSj èkwrZ ugha gks ldrs LokFkks± ds fy, ftuls @ [kafMr dj nh mUgksaus & iwjh ekuork @ cks fn, @ Hkfo"; ds fy, gtkjksa tgjhys dSDVl pkjksa vksjA esjs 'kCn vU;k; ds f[kykiQ yM+us ds fy, [kM+k dj ldsa rqEgsa tgjhys dSDVlksa dks tM+ ls m[kkM+us ds fy, rfud Hkh dke vk ldsa eSa] lkFkZd le>waxk vius 'kCnA vizSy 2014
jkgsa
esjs ikl egy Fks] iqj Fks viuh vfLerk Fkh dyk vkSj Hkk"kk Fkh vly esa eSa gh iqjksfgr Fkk] cf.kt Fkk lkr leUnj ikj lfgr @ nqfu;k Hkj esa esjk dkjksckj Fkk rqe] jsfxLrku @ taxy&taxy HkVdrs dckbyhA rqeus ,slk D;k fd;k esjs èku&èkjrh ls ysdj 'kkL=kksa rd rqEgkjk dCtk gks x;k \ esjs ikl muds] fc[kjs vo'ks"k Hkh ughaA eSaus] tkuk bldk jkt lHkh dqN Fks esjs ikl] flok; rqEgkjh eDdkjh] diV vkSj vkneh ls vkneh dh uiQjr dsA vc eSa gh eqDr d:axk rqels viuh feV~Vh] viuh fojklr lkjs 'kCn&vFkZ @ D;ksafd] eSaus igpku fy;k gS vius iwoZtksa dh dqckZuh dk jax ftuls lus gSa rqEgkjs eSys gkFkA &lqns'k ruoj ubZ fnYyh 68
ckcklkgsc dk nnZ
dy jkr esjs lius esa ckcklkgsc vk;sA cksys dqN ugha cl jks jgs FksA 'kk;n ! ;gh dg jgs Fks fd eq>s yksxksa us nfyrksa dk elhgk dgk ijUrq esjs viuksa us Hkqyk fn;k Hkwy x;s esjs R;kx vkSj la?k"kZ dks oks yksx ftuds fy, eSa rkmez yM+rk jgkA eafnjksa dh iwtk u ikuh dk vfèkdkj Fkk uiQjr ?k`.kk Hkjh Fkh fnyksa esa ugha dgha I;kj FkkA xkaèkh us iwNk Fkk eq> ls D;k rqe vktknh ugha pkgrs eSaus dgk vktknh dk igys eryc crk nksA rqe rks xqyke gksdj Hkh vktkn gksA ge vktkn gksdj Hkh xqyke gksaxsA vktknh dk eSa i{kèkj gw¡ ij eq>s esjk lekt I;kjk gS ftldks rqe yksxksa us lfn;ksa ls nqykjk gSA laxfBr gks tkvks ojuk vyx&Fkyx dj tk,axsA vkSj mBks djks vkokt cqyUn Hkkjr cnyuk gksxkA gj dqlhZ rqEgkjh gksxh cl rqEgsa ^jkt* cnyuk gksxkA bu vUèksjs ?kjksa esa dksbZ fpjkx ugha ty ik,xkA vkSj tc&tc t:jr iM+sxh esjh eSa vkrk jgawxkA f'kf{kr cuks] laxfBr gks] la?k"kZ djks ;gh nksgjkrk jgwaxkA
&fctsUnz flag jaxk lksuhir (gfj;k.kk)
lkekftd U;k; lans'k
jpuk,a vkeaf=r gSa lkekftd&vkfFkZd ,oa lkaLd`frd ljksdkjksa dh if=dk lkekftd U;k; lans'k esa jpuk,a vkeaf=r gSa 'kksèkijd xaHkhj o fo'ys"k.kkRed ys[k] dfork,a] dgkfu;ka] nfyr] vkfnoklh ,oa L=h foe'kZ ij dsfUnzr lkexhz HkstsaA jpukvksa ds ekSfyd] vizlkfjr o vizdkf'kr gksus dk izek.ki= Hkh layXu djsaA jpuk dh izfr vius ikl lqjf{kr j[ksaA izdkf'kr gksus okyh jpukvksa dks okil Hkstus dh O;oLFkk gh gSA lkekftd U;k; lans'k ds vkxkeh vad fuEu fo"k;ksa ij dsfUnzr gSa] jpukdkjksa ys[kdkas ls vkxzg gS fd viuh jpuk,a gesa 'kh?kz Hkstsa%& &lEiknd lkekftd U;k; lans'k] MkW- vEcsMdj izfr"Bku 15] tuiFk ubZ fnYyh&110001 Vsyh QSDl % 011&23320588 eksckbZy % 07503210124 bZ esy% hilsayans@gmail.com
2014 ds vkxkeh vad ds fo"k; ebZ % iap'khy ¼14 ebZ cq) iwf.kZek½ twu % dchj ,oa lkekftd U;k;
lkekftd U;k; lans'k
69
¼13 twu½
vizSy 2014
cksfèklRo ckcklkgsc MkW- Hkhejko vEcsMdj ds uke lans'k
ck
ck! vkids tkus ds ckn fiNys 58 lkyksa esa t+ekuk fcYdqy cny x;k gSA Hkkjr cny pqdk gSA vkt+knh ds oDr dk la?k"kZ] nfyrksa vkSj 'kksf"krksa dh yM+kbZ dh yEch dgkuh vkSj vUnkt+ vc dsoy bfrgkl dh fdrkcksa esa dgkuh ds :i esa gh cps gSaA xjhcksa] oafprksa] nfyrksa] misf{krksa] vNwrksa] vkfnokfl;ksa] efgykvksa vkSj etnwjksa ds vfèkdkjksa vkSj rjDdh dh tks yM+kbZ vkius yM+h] vc mls vkxs c<+kus okyk dksbZ ugha gSA HkhM+ vkSj t+ekus rFkk fojksfèk;ksa dh dVq vkykspukvksa ds chp vius fe'ku esa n`<+ vkius ekuork ds m¼kj ds fy, dfBu la?k"kZ fd;kA vc rks ml dkjoka dks vkxs c<+kus okyk dksbZ gS gh ughaA vkius dkjoka dks ftl txg NksM+k Fkk] og fc[kj x;k gSA vkRe&lEeku vkSj vkRe&fodkl dh tks yM+kbZ vki yM+ jgs Fks] mldh vksj fdlh dk è;ku gh ugha gSA nfyrksa ds fy, vkius tks lqfoèkk;sa fnykbZ] mudh lqj{kk vkSj rjDdh ds fy, tks dkuwu cuk;s] vkj{k.k ds fy, tks izkoèkku fd;k] mlls dbZ yksx rks vkxs c<+ x;s] ysfdu os vius cgqla[;d HkkbZ&cguksa dks Hkwy x;s] tks vHkh Hkh xjhch] xqykeh vkSj ekuokfèkdkjksa ls oafpr] fujk'kk dh xrZ esa iM+s gq, gSaA vkius lkspk Fkk fd vkj{k.k ds }kjk tks nfyr vPNh ukSdfj;ksa esa igq¡psaxs] vlsEcyh vkSj ikfyZ;kesaV esa igq¡psaxs] os nfyrksa vkSj oafprksa ds vfèkdkjksa dh yM+kbZ yM+saxs] lekt ds fy, izsj.kk vkSj vkn'kZ dk dke djsaxs] fdUrq lc dqN myV gks x;kA os rks dsoy viuh gh rjDdh esa yx x, vkSj lekt dks Hkwy x;sA vizSy 2014
nsoh n;ky vki Hkkjr ds lHkh yksxksa dks vkRe&mUufr dk cjkcj vkSj iw.kZ vfèkdkj nsuk pkgrs Fks vkSj ,d lq[kh vkSj le`¼ lekt pkgrs FksA ns'k ds yEcs bfrgkl ls mith vPNkb;ksa vkSj pqukSfr;kas rFkk vkt+knh dh yM+kbZ esa cqus x;s liuksa dks ewrZ :i nsus ds fy, lHkh ns'kHkDrksa vkSj nwjnf'kZ;ksa ds lg;ksx ls vkius Hkkjr ds lafoèkku esa og lc dqN fy[k fn;k ftlls ,d egku ekuo vkSj egku lekt cu ldsA izLrkouk] ekSfyd vfèkdkj] jkT; ds uhfr&funsZ'kd rRo vkSj lafoèkku ds vU; fofHkUu vè;k;ksa esa vkius lc dqN foLrkj ls blfy, fy[k fn;k] ftlls Hkkjr dh vkus okyh ihf<+;k¡ vkSj ns'k ds usrk Hkwy u tk;sa fd mUgsa fdèkj tkuk gS vkSj D;k djuk gSA viQlksl fd iwokZxzg] tM+rk vkSj LokFkZ dh tdM+ us usrkvksa dks lc dqN Hkqyk fn;k vkSj og fiQj 'kks"k.kdkjh] iw¡thoknh] Hkksxoknh] LokFkhZ vkSj fuEu lksp ds xqyke gks x;sA bu usrkvksa us vc ns'k dks ,sls vaèkdkj vkSj Hkaoj esa ykdj [kM+k dj fn;k gS fd eqfDr dk dksbZ jkLrk fn[kk;h ugha nsrkA vc rks dsoy fo?kVu] la?k"kZ] LokFkZ] csbZekuh] Hkz"Vkpkj] lkaiznkf;drk] tkfrokn] xaqMkxnhZ] vkijkfèkdrk vkSj foykflrk dk fyckl gh gekjh igpku cu x;s gSaA ckck! vc t+:jr gS fiQj ls vki vk tkvks vkSj balkiQ] cjkcjh vkSj bTt+r dh tax dks ,d u;s rjhds ls yM+us dh jkg fn[kkvksA 70
vkius lafoèkku esa loZizFke ekuo xfjek dks LFkku fn;kA nfyr mRihM+u] xanh cfLr;ksa vkSj ukyksa ds fdukjs cncwnkj gok esa thrs gq, balku] fL=k;ksa dk 'kks"k.k] cykRdkj vkSj lc rjg ds ekuokfèkdkjksa dk guu&;gh rks lc rjiQ iQSys gSaA dkuwu rks cus gSa ysfdu mudk ikyu djkus okyk dksbZ ughaA Hk{kd j{kd dSls gks ldrs gSa\ iz'kklu] iqfyl vkSj lHkh ,uiQkslZesaV ,tsafl;k¡ bl ckr esa yxh jgrh gSa fd dSls ekuork dk 'kks"k.k gksrk jgs vkSj og yhikiksrh dj vius drZO;ksa dk f<a<ksjk ihVrs jgsaA fLFkfr vkSj volj dh lekurk dk rks et+kd gh mM+ jgk gSA èkUuk&lsBksa] jktusrkvksa vkSj cM+s viQljksa rFkk ckgqcfy;ksa ds lkeus lkèkkj.k balku dh D;k fclkr! volj dh lekurk rks <wa<s ls Hkh ugha feysxhA ljdkjh ukSdfj;k¡ foKkiu vkSj lsysD'ku ds ekè;e ls rks nh tkrha gS fdUrq Hkz"Vkpkj] èkeZ vkSj tkfr ds iwokZxzg] vkSj ilZuy izstqfMfll ds dkj.k dqN gh O;fDr;ksa dks U;k; fey lkekftd U;k; lans'k
ikrk gS] ckdh vU;k; ds f'kdkj gksrs gSaA izkbosV lsDVj esa rks volj dh lekurk dk iz'u gh ughaA ekfyd vkSj eSustj vius fj'rsnkjksa] viuh tkfr ds yksxksa] tku&igpku ds yksxksa vkSj iSls ds ne ij ,izksp j[kus okys yksxksa dks gh ukSdjh nsrs gSaA muds ;gka fjfDr;ksa vkSj voljksa dh tkudkjh Hkh lkekU; O;fDr dks ugha feyrhA HkVd djds vusd ukStoku daqBk] volkn vkSj vijkèk dh 'kj.k esa pys tkrs gSaA Lora=krk&fiQj ,d Nykok! èkeZ dh Lora=krk] iafMr vkSj dBeqYys rks viuh gh rjg ls èkeZ dh O;k[;k djrs gSaA bUlkfu;r vkSj ekuork dk lgh jkLrk <wa<us dh rks og vkt+knh gh ugha nsrsA èkkfeZdrk rks vc cM+h&cM+h etfylksa] xq:vksa vkSj ckckvksa ds njckj esa dSn gSA vkneh vkSj vkSjrsa vPNs ls vPNk iQS'ku dj bu egfiQyksa esa tkrs gSa vkSj eqfDr dk jkLrk [kkstrs gSaA lerk rks vc gks gh ugha ldrhA fpardksa vkSj fo}kuksa us rks lerk ds fopkj dks gh frykatfy ns nh gSA egkRek cq¼] dchj lkgsc] dkyZ ekDlZ vkSj T;ksfrck iQwys] xq# jfonkl us tks lerk dh odkyr dh Fkh vc rks yksx mldk ewy vkèkkj Hkh Lohdkj djus dks rS;kj ugha gSaA iwathokn vkSj uo&iwathokn ds ojn izkIr 'kh"kZ O;fDr bUnz vkSj muds njckjh nsorkvksa ds cjkcj gSa ,oa lkèkkj.k balku t+ehu ij jsaxrs gq, dhM+ksa dh rjgA gekjs usrkvksa us ckr dh Fkh fd xjhc&vehj ds chp esa cgqr varj ugha gksuk pkfg,A lafoèkku esa Hkh fy[kk gS fd jkT; lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd vlekurk lekIr djus ds mik; djsxk] ysfdu blds myV gh gks jgk gSA irk ugha] ;g vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd vlekurk dgk¡ rd igq¡psxhA vc rks ghxsy vkSj vU; fo}kuksa dk }a}kRed fodkl dk fl¼kUr Hkh vlR; fl¼ gks jgk gSA ckck! bl ns'k ds fo}kuksa dks txkvks vkSj mUgsa fiQj ls u;h lksp lkekftd U;k; lans'k
iSnk djus dh pqukSrh nksA ca/qRo&HkkbZpkjs dk fl¼kUr rkj&rkj gks jgk gSA fganw&eqlyeku vkil esa yM+ jgs gS] flD[k vkSj blkbZ yM+ jgs gSa] naxs gks jgs gaS] dRy&,&vke gks jgs gSa] blaku vkSj blakfu;r dqpyh tk jgh gSA tkfr&la?k"kZ vkSj tkfr&psruk rks vèkksxfr dh xrZ esa igq¡p x;s gSaA vc lc dqN tkfr ds vkèkkj ij gks jgk gS oksV rks dsoy tkfr ds vkèkkj ijA fiQj dSls vPNs vknfe;ksa dks ckgj yk;sa tks gesa lgh usr`Ro iznku djas\ dc HkkbZpkjs ds fl¼kUr ls ge ns'k vkSj lekt dks ,d ifjokj ds :i eas cny ik;sxas vkSj lc ,d nwljs dh lgk;rk dj lq[k&nq[k ck¡Vasxs_ dSls ge balkuksa ds fny esa balkuh izse tkx`r dj lH; vkSj lq[kh cuk;sa\ ckck! vkius Hkkjr dks tura=k fn;kA ,d O;fDr oksV vkSj ml oksV dk cjkcj ewY;_ gj O;fDr dks ns'k dh loksZPp laLFkkvksa&vlsEcyh vkSj ikfyZ;kesaUV esa igq¡pus dk vfèkdkjA fdUrq D;k ,slk gks ik jgk gS\ vc rks fcuk èkucy] ckgqcy vkSj tkfrcy okys O;fDr dk pquko yM+uk vlaHkoA jktuhfr djus ds fy;s fdlh Hkh lkèku ls dek;k gqvk vikj èku gksuk pkfg;sA fcuk mlds rks xzkeizèkku vkSj okWMZ lnL; dk pquko Hkh ugha yM+ lgrsA vPNk vkneh [kM+k Hkh gks x;k rks mls igpkuus okyk dksbZ ughaA yksx rks dsoy tkfrokn] èkeZ] 'kjkc vkSj iSls dh lksp ij gh oksV nsrs gSaA jktuhfrd ikfVZ;ksa ds 'kh"kZ usrk pkgs os nfyr vkSj fiNMs+ oxZ esa ls D;ksa u gksa lc tu&leL;k;ksa vkSj fodkl dh ckr u dg ldus okyksa dks gh fVdV ns dj pquko yM+krs gSa] ftlls og caèkqvk etnwj cudj mudh lsok dj ldsa vkSj og mudh fLFkfr vkSj izHkko dk xyr iQk;nk mBkrs jgsaA vlsEcyh vkSj ikfyZ;kesUV rks vkt èkks[kkèkM+h vkSj gqM+nax ds vM~Ms cu x;s gSaA Hkkjrh; tura=k dks iVjh ij ykus ds 71
fy;s vc dqN [kkl mik; gh pkfg;sA ckcklkgsc! vkius ;g Hkh dgk Fkk fd jktuhfrd tura=k lkekftd] iawthokn vkSj Hkksxokn ds jksxksa ls cqjh rjg ihfM+r gSA ns'k ds uk;dksa dks rks bu pqukSfr;ksa dk è;ku gh ughaA lHkh jktuSfrd ikfVZ;ksa ls fujk'kk gh gkFk yx jgh gSA muds lafoèkku esa ?kks"k.kk,a rks cgqr vkd"kZd vkSj yqHkkous] ysfdu og dsoy HksfM+;s dh [kky vkSj jaxs fl;kj dh rjg gSaA vly edln vkSj fNik gqvk ,tsaMk dqN vkSj gh gksrs gSaA lcds ihNs lkaiznkf;d] tkfrxr vkSj O;fDrxr LokFkZ gh muds vlyh psgjs gSaA cM+s jktuhfrd nyksa ds vkdk ckr rks lektokn vkSj oxZfoghu] tkfrfoghu] xjhch foghu ,oa 'kks"k.kfoghu lekt dh djrs gSa ysfdu muds dkjukes vkSj mudh pky Bhd myV gSA dSls bl O;oLFkk dks Bhd fd;k tk;s vkSj ns'k dh jktuhfr esa Hkkx ysus okys jktuhfrd nyksa ds usrkvksa dh pfj=kghurk ds nyny ls fudkyk tk;s\ vkf[kj esa ckck! gesa vPNs] ljy] LoPN vkSj ifo=k thou fcrkus ds fy;s ,d vkn'kZ Hkh pkfg;sA og rqeus gh fn;kA vkidk fdruk ifo=k vkSj ljy thou FkkA ln~xq: dchj lkgsc ds fl¼kUrksa ls cpiu esa izsj.kk ysdj lerk] caèkqRo] 'khy vkSj d:.kk ds lkxj Hkxoku cq¼ dh 'kj.k esa pys x;sA vkidks rks fuokZ.k izkIr gks x;kA ckck! gesa Hkh jkLrk fn[kkvksA ckck! geus vkidks cgqr ekufld d"V fn;kA vkids lkeus viuh nqnZ'kk dk o.kZu fd;k] vkids lkeus ,slh pqukSfr;k¡ j[k nha ftudk lekèkku gekjh rks le> esa ugha vk jgk gS_ gekjs ns'k ds usrk] fopkjd vkSj nk'kZfud Hkh fnx~Hkzfer gSa vkSj ns'k dks vaèkdkj dh vksj fy, pys tk jgs gSaA ckck! rqe gh vkvks] jks'kuh fn[kkvks vkSj Hkkjrh; lekt vkSj ekuo dks fodkl vkSj eqfDr dk jkLrk crkvksA (ys[kd fjVk;MZ vkbZ-,-,l- gSa o Hkkjr ljdkj esa lfpo jg pqds gSa)
vizSy 2014
lkekftd&vkfFkZd o lkaLd`frd ljksdkjksa dh if=dk
MkWa- vEcsMdj iQkmUMs'ku }kjk izdkf'kr lkekftd] vkfFkZd ,oa lkaLd`frd ljksdkjksa dh if=kdk ^lkekftd U;k; lans'k* dk izdk'ku iqu% vkjEHk gks x;k gSA lerk] Lora=krk] CkUèkqRo ,oa U;k; ij vk/kfjr] l'kDr ,oa le`¼ lekt vkSj jk"Vª dh ladYiuk dks lkdkj djus ds lans'k dks vke ukxfjdkasa rd igqapkus esa lkekftd U;k; lans'k dh Hkwfedk cgqr gh EkgÙoiw.kZ gSA ^lkekftd U;k; lans'k* ns'k ds ukxfjdksa esa ekuoh; laosnu'khyrk] U;k;fiz;rk rFkk nwljksa ds vf/dkjksa ds izfr lEeku dh Hkkouk txkus ds fy, lefIkZr gSA ^lkekftd U;k; lans'k* ckcklkgsc MkW- vEcsMdj ds fopkjksa o muds n'kZu rFkk iQkmUMs'ku ds dk;ZØeksa ,oa ;kstukvksa dks vke ukxfjdksa rd igqapkus dk dke Ck[kwch dj jgk gSA lkekftd U;k; ds dkjoka dks vkxs c<+kus esa bl if=kdk ls tqM+dj vki viuk ;ksxnku ns ldrs gSaA vkt gh ikBd lnL; cfu,] vius fe=kksa dkss Hkh lnL; cukbZ,] ikBd lnL;rk xzg.k djus ds fy, ,d o"kZ ds fy, :- 100@&] nks o"kZ ds fy, :- 180@&] rhu o"kZ ds fy, :- 250@&] dk fMeakM MªkÝV] vFkok euhvkWMZj tks ^MkWa- vEcsMdj iQkmUMs'ku* ds uke ns; gks] iQkmUMs'ku ds irs ij Hkstsa ;k iQkmUMs'ku ds dk;kZy; esa udn tek djsaA psd Lohdkj ugha fd, tk,axsA if=kdk dks vkSj csgrj cukus ds fy, vkids vewY; lq>ko dk Hkh ges'kk Lokxr jgsxkA
& lEiknd
ekfld if=kdk
lkekftd U;k; lans'k lnL;rk dwiu
eS]a MkW-a vEcsMdj iQkmUMs'ku }kjk izdkf'kr ekfld if=kdk ^lkekftd U;k; lan's k* dk xzkgd cuuk pkgrk @pkgrh g¡@w 'kqYd% okf"kZd lnL;rk 'kqYd :- 100@&] f}okf"kZd lnL;rk 'kqYd :- 180@&] =kSokf"kZd lnL;rk 'kqYd :- 250@&A (tks ykxw ugha gksrk] mls d`i;k dkV nsa) euhvkWMZj@ fMekaM MªkÝV uEcj----------------------------------------------------fnukad------------------------layXu gSA d`i;k è;ku j[ksa] vkidk fMekaM MªkÝV@euhvkWMZj ^MkW- vEcsMdj iQkmUMs'ku* ds uke ubZ fnYyh esa ns; gksA
uke (Li"V v{kjksa esa) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------irk -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------fiu ---------------------iQksu@eksckbZy u--------------------------------------bZ-esy% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------bl dwiu dks dkfV, vkSj 'kqYd lfgr fuEu irs ij Hksft, % MkW- vEcsMdj iQkmUMs'ku 15 tuiFk] ubZ fnYyh&110 001 iQksu u- 011&233576235] 23320588] 23320589
vizSy 2014
72
lkekftd U;k; lans'k