R E J UV E N AT I N G A S M A L L T OW N C O M M U N ITY : R E U S E O F O L N EY ‘ S H I ST O R I C I NT E R N AT I O N A L S H O E F A CT O RY
R E J UV E N AT I N G A S M A L L T OW N C O M M U N ITY : Celebrating local culture and the arts, fostering community amongst all generations and socio-economic backgrounds, and laying the foundation for overall health through the adaptive reuse of a once economically supportive industrial building.
S A M A NT H A H E R M A N | S E N I O R T H E S I S | S P R I N G 2 0 1 6
C O NT E NT S 8. 20. 54. 66. 76. 106.
Project Overview Research + Programming Schematic Design Design Development Construction Documents References
P R O J E CT OV E RV I EW The project focuses on the rejuvenation of a small town community, specifically the reuse of Olney, Illinois’ historic international shoe factory and its contribution to the neighboring people.The design celebrates local culture and the arts, fosters community amongst all generations and socio-economic backgrounds, and lays the foundation for overall health through the adaptive reuse of a once economically supportive industrial building. The site of the project is the International Shoe Factory, located in the agrarian town of Olney, Illinois. Olney is the county seat of Richland County, and is home to approximately 16,200 people, including the designer of the project who spent 20 years growing and learning nearly six blocks from the building. The International Shoe Company opened in 1920 after on hundred thousand dollars was raised locally to bring the business to town. Employment in the business ran from 550-900 and soon one out of every seven families had a member employed with the factory.The shoe company closed in 1978, and bought a year later to serve as a cabinet making business. The building was again purchased in 2012 and is now home to a single apartment unit and storage. The shoe factory sits in the southern portion of town where industrial service and educational opportunities once flourished. However, due to the consolidation of multiple grade schools, the closing of numerous factories, and the shutting down of the railroad, the south part of town no longer provides many work opportunities, educational services, or green space to area residents. Due to this socio-economic divide of housing, education, healthcare, business and accommodations, mending this break is significant to community growth and the reduction of local urban sprawl. The project will give back to the town what it has been robbed of, including a sense of community, development, and opportunities for education in the areas where children, families and adults live, work and play.
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S IT E A N A LY S I S OLNEY, ILLINOIS Olney is located in Richland County, the county being home to approximately 16,200 people. Settlement in the area began around 1815, and organized as a county in 1841, Olney serving as the county seat.
Richland County + Illinois Facts Richland County Land: 578.42 square miles Illinois Land: 55,583.58 square miles Richland County Population Density: 58.6 persons Illinois Population Density: 223 persons
Richland County Facts Caucasian Race: 97.2% Persons Below Poverty Line: 15% Persons Under Age of 5: 5.8% Persons Under Age of 18: 22% Persons 65 Years or Older: 20% Median Household Income: $44,070 High School Degree or Higher: 90.6% Bachelor’s Degree or Higher: 20.4% Number of Farms: 579 farms / 202,860 acres Fun Fact: Home of the white squirrels
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S IT E A N A LY S I S OLNEY, ILLINOIS
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S IT E A N A LY S I S INTERNATIONAL SHOE FACTORY
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S IT E A N A LY S I S INTERNATIONAL SHOE FACTORY The International Shoe Company was based in St. Louis and ran its production facilities in southern Missouri and southern Illinois. By the 1950’s, the International Shoe Company was the largest shoe manufacturer in the world. Olney’s International Shoe Company opened in 1920. One hundred thousand dollars was raised locally to bring this business to town. Employment ran from 550900 and soon one out of every seven families had a member employed at the company. The factory closed in 1978, and bought a year later to serve as a cabinet making company. The building was purchased again in 2012 and is now home to a single apartment and storage.
International Shoe Factory Facts Opened: 1920 Closed: 1978 Total Square Footage: 45,402 S.F. (excluding basement) Building Makeup: Brick with Basement Type of Construction: Masonry Load Bearing Occupancy Class (1920): Factory (F2)
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MILLER’S GROVE
WALMART
PARK
GROCERY
MACK AVE.
RULER
MUSGROVE
GROCERY
MIDDLE
PARK
ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL
SCHOOL
ROUTE 130
COLLEGE
MAIN ST.
EAST ST.
OLNEY CENTRAL
CITY PARK
S IT E MA P OLNEY, ILLINOIS
HIGH
Upon examining the site map, the socio-economic divide that splits the town in two becomes unmistakable, creating a division of higher income housing near accommodations and schools, while the other, once home to many industrial employment opportunities such as a vinegar plant, a chicken hatchery, and the shoe factory, is now supported by lower-income families that do not live within walking distance of schools, parks or grocery stores.
SCHOOL CLAY BANK
LIBRARY
GROCERY
MUSEUM
ST. JOSEPH
MUSEUM
IGA
GROCERY
SCHOOL
SHOE FACTORY
NORTH
WHITTLE AVE.
RO
E UT
50
Urban sprawl has become apparent even within this small town community. The Walmart is now located in what used to be farm ground and the four grade schools that were once scattered around the town have thus been consolidated and moved to the very edge of town. This merging has robbed children of the opportunities to walk to school, live near a playground, or have educational outlets close to home. SHOE FACTORY
PARKS + REC
ON-SITE PARKING
GROCERY
RESIDENTIAL
EDUCATION
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R E S EA R C H + P R O G RA M M I N G The process of conducting research began with a conversation with the local owner and a site visit to the shoe factory. The masonry load bearing building totals around 45,000 square feet, not including the basement. Upon analysis, it became evident that the three story brick building has great bones, unique attributes, an abundance of square footage, ample amounts of what could be beautiful exterior play space, plenty of street parking, plus a walkable location for area residents. Research continued with an online survey that was sent out to the local community. It asked questions such as Do you feel Olney celebrates a sense of community? or What do you think the factory could become or how it could be reused?, as well as What types of spaces would Olney’s children, parents and adults benefit from?. The survey revealed the community need for healthy dining choices, after-school education centers, indoor recreation facilities for all age groups and abilities, access to safe exterior green space and playscapes, and a spark that brings life back to the south side of town.The survey also shed light on cost and maintenance, such as if the building were to be restored, who would care for the building and how would the spaces be managed in a way that positively sustained the design intent. The project not only has the goal of repurposing the existing factory space, but also revitalizing the local community and its current state of being. Survey results uncovered the opinion that Olney citizens have about their town truly fostering a sense of community. Some stated that Olney supports overall community in multiple ways with event such as Relay for Life, poker runs that benefit children with healthcare needs, a Christmas light display at the city park, and the coming together for numerous sporting events that occur throughout the year. While many stated that most are proud to be from a small town where ‘everyone knows everyone’, people still wish that there were positive outlets that offered more for the community as a whole and more on an every day basis. Others desired Olney’s need and want to celebrate its history more than what currently takes place, one resident quoting “We have a beautiful community and we rarely get together to acknowledge it.” The survey revealed the project’s need to design for the community and with the community. Research states that the quality of a place’s social offerings is the number one factor that people said creates emotional attachment to their community. Because of the place attachment that many have to the town of Olney, it is essential that research on community and public spaces becomes the center for design decisions that begin in the schematic phase. Due to the nature of the building, the research phase also examined current adaptive reuse projects and their roles in contributing to the decline in urban sprawl. According to research, adaptive reuse contributes to the reduction of urban sprawl and prolongs a building’s period from cradle to grave. This means that because of the International Shoe Factory’s condition, most of the structural system and as much as possible of other elements such as interior partitions, original elevator and wood flooring, as well as circulation patterns can be retained. Because adaptive reuse normally takes place in a built environment that people of an area relate to, the place attachment theory plays a large role in the reuse of the International Shoe Factory. Lastly, adaptive reuse injects vitality into forgotten communities and neighborhoods, such as the south side of Olney, and will strike a chord with the locals. This rejuvenation allows people from all over town to connect with one another, celebrate their history, and foster a sense of place.
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P R E C E D E NT ST U DY THE RURAL STUDIO The Rural Studio is an off-campus design-build program of Auburn University. The program was established in 1993 by Samuel Mockbee, who is known for establishing an ethos of recycling, reusing and remaking. Throughout his architecture career, Mockbee focused on community-oriented work for an under-served population in West Alabama’s rural Black Belt region. The studio works with the community to define solutions that focus on what should be built rather than what can be built. The students of the design program define solutions, fundraise, design, and ultimately build remarkable projects. The studio proves that socially responsible design can delight the senses, inspire the masses, and serve the soul.
“T H E R U R A L ST U D I O P H I L O S O P HY S U G G E ST S
T H AT EV E RY O N E B OT H R I C H O R P O O R D E S E RV E S T H E B E N E F IT S O F
G O O D D E S I G N .”
R E S EA R C H THE COMMUNITY SPEAKS OUT Many ideas for the reuse of the old shoe factory were taken from Olney citizens through a survey conducted online. All participants were excited about the idea of this particular space being repurposed, some sharing their memories of family members who made their living working at the factory during its time of operation. The survey results revealed Olney’s need for: Healthy dining choices After-school education centers Indoor recreation facilities Access to exterior green spaces and playscapes A spark that brings life back to the south side of town An interview with the current owner revealed his wishes to see loft apartments be designed and built on the third story of the factory, mentioning that the view looking out to the town and rooftop access would be a great feature that no current properties provide. https://www.surveymonkey.com/
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R E S EA R C H WHY ADAPTIVE REUSE? H. Frumkin quotes that within the last 15 years, the United States has developed 25% of all land developed in the 225 years of life of our republic- meaning we have replaced farms and forests with buildings, roadways, and parking lots. This is why adaptive reuse is so vital, not only for Olney, but for every town. This type of design contributes to the reduction of urban sprawl and prolongs a building’s period from cradle-to-grave by retaining all of most of the structural system and as much as possible of other elements, such as glass and interior partitions (Lavey, 2014). Building reuse is a simple idea for community improvement, but one that has a huge potential to reduce the carbon footprint and solid waste inherent in building demolition and new construction (Thompson, 2015). Lilyfield Warehouse - Australia
The creative adaptation of a rendered brick industrial warehouse building to a family home. The original building was built in the 1900s, and had formerly been used as a furniture warehouse and before that, the “Oh Boy Candy Company� warehouse.
The topic of adaptive reuse also injects vitality into forgotten communities and neighborhoods. Revitalization strikes a chord with the locals and allows people from all over town to connect, celebrate their 26. history, and foster a sense of place.
R E S EA R C H WHY COMMUNITY? According to Creative Communities and Art-based Placemaking, urban planning and community building stimulates the local economy and leads to increased innovation, cultural diversity, and civic engagement. The quality of a place’s social offerings is the number one factor that people said creates emotional attachment to their community. Research has shown that social isolation for a group of people in poverty robs them of positive role models and feeds the sense of hopelessness.
Thinga-Ma Jug Band
An old timey, bluegrass acoustic outfit photographed while playing at the local farmers market in downtown Olney, Illinois.
Because adaptive reuse projects normally take place in a built environment that people of an area relate to, such as buildings that are rich in history and once key factors in the economic industry of a city, the place attachment theory, meaning a person’s bond with a social and physical environment and its attachment over time, will play a large role in the reuse of the International Shoe Company building (Kopec, 2012).
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T H E O RY D EV E L O P M E NT Through the utilization of environmental theories, design goals can be put in place, thus allowing the story of a thesis to come alive. Because an adaptive reuse project settled in the heart of a small town has been chosen, two theories are setting the grounds for the revitalization of an industrial warehouse that was once home to the International Shoe Company. These theories include place attachment theory and sensory stimulation theory. Adaptive reuse projects normally take place in a built environment that people of a community relate to, usually buildings that are rich in history and once played a large role in the economic industry of a city. With that being said, the place attachment theory will play a large role in this thesis development. The place attachment theory refers to a person’s bond with a social and physical environment, and its attachment over time. We form attachments to places that not only define or express who we are or what we want to be seen as, but also give us a sense of belonging and freedom. It is an affiliation between a person and a place; a personal sense of connection that elicits feelings of comfort and security (Kopec, 2012, 178). The sensory stimulation theory includes taste, smell, sight, and touch.The design of a space for human activity should include all five, with the addition to mental or motor stimulation (Kopec, 2012, 55). Stimulation theories consider the physical environment an important source of sensory information. Sensory information from a built environment can be simple, such as material selection, light sound, noise, and temperature, or complex, such as an entire building of part of a neighborhood. It is important to keep in mind that humans are constantly stimulated by both simple and complex environmental cues (McCunn, 2015).
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S IT E OV E RV I EW INTERNATIONAL SHOE FACTORY 1. Southwest View 2. West View 3. Northwest View 4. Southeast View 5. Northeast View 2.
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5.
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L I N E O F S IT E ST U DY SURROUNDING AREA 1. North View 2. East View 3. South View 4. Southwest View 5. West View
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5.
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S U N P AT H ST U DY OLNEY, ILLINOIS The study of sun paths allows a designer to take full advantage of where natural light occurs throughout the day within a space. According to Lorraine Francis, the digital environment has caused a loss to our connection with nature and the outdoors. Biophilic design also compliments sustainability, where sunlight in the built environment contributes to alleviating stress and anxiety, reducing mental fatigue, elevating mood, enhancing health, and learning.
SHOE FACTORY
SHOE FACTORY
SHOE FACTORY
SHOE FACTORY
Considering how the natural environment will take effect in the overall experience of the reuse of the shoe factory and how nature will be incorporated in a fundamental way will contribute positively for the user, where they are more likely to return based upon their overall experience. http://www.suncalc.net/ Sun at Sunrise
Autumnal Equinox September 22-23
Winter Solstice December 21-22
Vernal Equinox March 20-21
Summer Solstice June 20-22
Sun at Noon Sun at Sunset 36.
U S E R A N A LY S I S COMMUNITY Elders Families Children All Abilities Adults Students Facilities Residents
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P R O J E CT G OA L S The design will focus on celebrating local culture and the arts, fostering community amongst all generations and socio-economic backgrounds, and laying the foundation for overall health through the adaptive reuse of a once economically supportive industrial warehouse.
Exhibit the products, skills, and knowledge of local residents
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Improve access to parks, open space and playscapes
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Facilitate spontaneous interaction amongst all groups
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Support local farms to market healthy eating options
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Grow jobs closer to home and increase housing choices
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Engage art to creatively reimagine the potential of the neighborhood 40.
802.1.2 Width. A single wheelchair space shall be 36 inches wide minimum. Where two adjacent wheelchair spaces are provided, each wheelchair space shall be 33 inches wide minimum.
308.2.1. Unobstructed. Where a forward reach is unobstructed, the high forward reach shall be 48 inches maximum and the law forward reach shall be 15 inches minimum above the finish floor or ground.
A DA I S S U E S AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT 305.7.1. Forward Approach. Alcoves shall be 36 inches wide minimum where the depth exceeds 24 inches.
308.1. Children’s Reach Range.
305.7.2. Parallel Approach. Alcoves shall be 60 inches wide minimum where the depth exceeds 15 inches.
* ADA specifications retrieved from http://www.ada.gov/
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604.8.1.2. / 604.3.1. Wheelchair accessible toilet compartment doors / Size of clearance at water closets.
604.5.1. / 604.5.2. Side wall grab bars at water closets / Rear wall grab bar at water closets.
A DA I S S U E S AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT 603.3. Mirrors. Mirrors located above lavatories or counter tops shall be installed with the bottom edge of the reflecting surface 40 inches above the finish floor or ground. Mirrors not located above lavatories or counter tops shall be installed with the bottom edge of the reflecting surface 35 inches above finish floor or ground. Advisory 603.3. Mirrors. A single full-length mirror can accommodate a great number of people, including children. In order for mirrors to be usable by people who are ambulatory and people who use wheelchairs, the top edge of the mirrors shall be 74 inches minimum from the floor or ground. 703.4. Position of braille.
703.4.1. Height above finish floor or ground. Tactile characters on signs shall be located 48 inches minimum above the finish floor or ground surface, measured from the baseline of the lowest tactile character and 60 inches maximum above the finish floor or ground surface, measured from the baseline of the highest tactile character. Exception: Tactile characters for elevator car controls shall not be required to comply with 703.4.1. Accessible Means of Egress. A continuous and obstructed way of egress travel from any point in a building or facility that provides an accessible route to an area of refuge, a horizontal exit, a public way. * ADA specifications retrieved from http://www.ada.gov/
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Accessible Means of Egress. A continuous and unobstructed way of egress travel from any point in a building or facility that provides an accessible route to an area of refuge, a horizontal exit, a public way. 8.14. IBC. General standards for details and finished. Resident facilities require features that encourage ambulation of long-term residents. Signage and wayfinding features shall be provided to aid self-ambulating residents and avoid confusing or disorienting them. Potential hazards to residents, such as sharp corners, slippery floors, loose carpets, and hot surfaces should be avoided.
1110.1. IBC. Signs. Requires the international symbol of accessibility to be located at accessible parking spaces, accessible areas of refuge, at accessible toilet locations, at accessible entries, accessible checkout aisles, and at accessible dressing and accessible locker rooms. The ADAAG requires signage to be located in a prescribed location. Signs are also to have tactile raised letting and braille symbols. These requirements apply even though not stated in the Code.
S I G NA G E I S S U E S
1011.1. IBC. Exit and exit access doors shall be marked by an approved exit sign readily visible from any direction of egress travel. Exit signs shall be internally or externally illuminated. Approved exit sign illumination signs provide continuous illumination independent of external power sources for a duration of not less than 90 minutes, in case of primary power loss. Exit signs are not required in rooms or areas that require only one exit or exit access.
* Signage issues retrieved from http://codes.iccsafe.org
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7.32.D3. Patient rooms shall have general lighting and night lighting. A reading light shall be provided for each patient. Reading light controls shall be accessible to the patient(s) without the patient having to get out of bed. Incandescent and halogen light sources that produce heat shall be avoided to prevent burns to the patient and/or bed linen.The light source should be covered by a diffuser or lens. 8.32.H6. Task lighting for ventilator-dependent patients. A new requirement states that task lighting in ventilator-dependent patient bedrooms must be on the essential electric service. This applies to both new and existing facilities. 7.2.B13.b. A self-contained medicine dispensing unit may be located at the nurse station, in the clean workroom, or in an alcove, provided the unit has adequate security for controlled drugs and adequate lighting to easily identify drugs. 7.3.E7. Provisions shall be made for indirect lighting and high-intensity lighting in all nurseries. Controls shall be provided to enable lighting to be adjusted over individual patient care spaces. Darkening sufficient for trans-illumination shall be available when necessary. Flexible light arms, if used, shall be mechanically controlled to prevent the lamp from contacting the bed linen. At least one night light fixture in each patient room shall be controlled at the room entrance. Lighting for coronary and intensive care bed areas shall permit staff observation of the patient while minimizing glare.
L I G HT I N G I S S U E S
8.32.A4. Lighting shall be engineered to the specific application. 1006.2. Illumination level. The means of egress illumination level shall not be less than 1 footcandle (11 lux) at the walking surface. 1006.1 Illumination required.The means of egress, including the exit discharge, shall be illuminated at all times the building space served by the means of egress is occupied. 1006.3.1 Illumination level under emergency power. Emergency lighting facilities shall be arranged to provide initial illumination that is at least an average of 1 footcandle (11 lux) and a minimum at any point of 0.1 footcandle (1 lux) measured along the path of egress at floor level. Illumination levels shall be permitted to decline to 0.6 footcandle (6 lux) average and a minimum at any point of 0.06 footcandle (0.6 lux) at the end of the emergency lighting time duration. A maximum-to-minimum illumination uniformity ratio of 40 to 1 shall not be exceeded.
* Lighting issues retrieved from http://publiccodes.cyberregs.com/icod/ibc/2012/index.htm
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9.2.H2.c. Floor materials shall be readily cleanable and appropriately wear-resistant. In all areas subject to wet cleaning, floor materials shall not be physically affected by liquid germicidal and cleaning solutions. Floors subject to traffic while wet, including showers and bath areas, shall have a nonslip surface. 9.2.I2. Interior finish materials shall have flamespread and smoke-production limitations as described in NFPA 101.Wall finishes less than 4 mil thick applied over a noncombustible material are not subject to flame-spread rating requirements. 10.25.B. Interior finish materials for inpatient facilities shall comply with the flame-spread limitations and the smoke-production limitations set forth in NFPA 101. 9.2.I3. Building insulation materials, unless sealed on all sides and edges, shall have a flame-spread rating of 25 or less and a smokedeveloped rating of 150 or less when tested in accordance with NFPA 255. 808.1 Acoustical ceiling systems. The quality, design, fabrication and erection of metal suspension systems for acoustical tile and lay-in panel ceilings in buildings or structures shall conform with generally accepted engineering practice, the provisions of this chapter and other applicable requirements of this code.
MAT E R IA L I S S U E S
808.1.1 Materials and installation. Acoustical materials complying with the interior finish requirements of Section 803 shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and applicable provisions for applying interior finish. 808.1.1.1 Suspended acoustical ceilings. Suspended acoustical ceiling systems shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of ASTM C 635 and ASTM C 636. 808.1.1.2 Fire-resistance-rated construction. Acoustical ceiling systems that are part of fire-resistance-rated construction shall be installed in the same manner used in the assembly tested.. Housekeeping: Services anywhere within a health care facility that include general cleaning and tidying and the provision and positioning of identified materials, e.g., soaps, towels, etc.
* Material issues retrieved from http://codes.iccsafe.org/
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706.1. Fire walls. Each portion of a building separated by one or more fire walls that comply with the provisions of this section shall be considered a separate building. The extent and location of such fire walls shall provide complete separation. Where a fire wall also separate occupancies that are required to be separated by a fire barrier wall, the most restrictive requirements of each separation shall apply. Fire walls shall be any approved noncombustible materials. 907.2. Fire alarms. A minimum of one manual fire alarm box shall be provided in an approved location to initiate a fire alarm signal for fire alarm systems employing automatic fire detectors or water-flow detection devices. An approved fire alarm system installed in accordance with the provides of this code and NFPA 72 shall be provided in new buildings and structured in accordance with sections 907.2.1 through 907.2.23 and provide occupant notification in accordance with section 907.6 907.2.8.2. Automatic smoke detection system. An automatic smoke detection system that activates the occupant notification system in accordance with 907.6 shall be installed throughout all interior corridors serving sleeping units.
IBC ISSUES INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODES
903.2.1. Group A. Automatic sprinkler systems. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout buildings and portions used as Group A occupancies. A minimum of one manual fire alarm box shall be provided in an approved location to initiate a fire alarm signal for fire alarm systems employing automatic fire detectors or waterflow detection devices. Where other sections of this code allow elimination of fire alarm boxes due to sprinklers, a single fire alarm box shall be installed. 903.2.2. Ambulatory care facilities. In buildings where ambulatory care is provided on levels other than the level of exit discharge, an automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout the entire floor where such care is provided as well as all floors below, and all floors between the level of ambulatory care and the nearest level of exit discharge, including the level of exit discharge. 102.2. Exits from stories. All spaces within each story shall have access to the minimum number of approved independent exits as specified in the table below based on the occupant load of the story.
101.7. Aisles. Aisles serving as a portion of the exit access in the means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of this section. Aisles shall be provided from all occupied portions of the exit access which contain seats, tables, furnishings, displays and similar fixtures or equipment. Aisles serving assembly areas shall comply with Section 1028. Aisles serving reviewing stands, grandstands and bleachers shall also comply with Section 1028. The required width of aisles shall be unobstructed.
* IBC information retrieved from http://codes.iccsafe.org/
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S C H E MAT I C D E S I G N The schematic design phase of the project began by understanding how the community needs play a role in the general spatial planning of the building. Due to the overall size and square footage of the factory, many options soon became available for which spaces were to be included in the plan. In order to design with and for the community, the project placed the residents’ needs at the forefront. Spatial requirements were first allocated for healthy dining choices, after-school education centers, indoor recreation facilities for all age groups and abilities, and areas that allotted access to safe exterior green space and playscapes. After understanding the current owner’s wishes for the building, loft apartments were then distributed throughout the third floor of the plan because of the views looking out over the town and the rooftop access being a great feature that no current residential properties provide. The many opportunities available for the entire space led to a few main design challenges. These include accessibility to all and an understanding of ADA regulations, floor-to-floor circulation that positively affect the design rather than inhibit the space, and safe entry and exit patterns that contribute to spontaneous interaction and fostering community. Placing a focus on adapting a 100 year old building to the needs of a 21st century society means understanding that the health, safety and welfare of all users are the most vital aspects of the project. Additional challenges include understanding that the project should and will focus on designing for all users yet being thoughtful to how those users will interact with the various spaces. Utilizing the adjacency matrix for what it truly is and how it contributes to the space planning deemed difficult at times. Because the project places education at the forefront, it is vital that parents and adults also feel welcomed by the environments that children will be using, yet give the youth the safety and security to have freedom amongst the spaces. A further obstacle included allocating specific square footage to each interior space that is being designed. Due to the mixed-use nature of the project, most if not all rooms are environments that the designer is particularly familiar with. Overcoming these challenges has provided the project with opportunities for children to play, students to learn, parents to provide and teach, and adults to gather all under a single community roof.
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Special Equipment
Wayfinding
Security
Visual Privacy
Plumbing
Acoustic Control
Sun/View
Entry/Exit
Restrooms
Facilities
Offices
Storage
Rooftop
Private Pkg
Public Pkg
Outdoor Garden
Loft Apts.
Market/Dining
Recreation Facility
Art Studios
Hall/Venue
Museum Gallery
Lobby Lobby Museum Gallery Hall/Venue Art Studios Recreation Facility Market/Dining
S PAT IA L D IA G RA M ADJACENCY AND CRITERIA MATRIX Direct Adjacency Indirect Adjacency
Loft Apts.
Private
Outdoor Garden
Semi-Private
Public Pkg Private Pkg
Public Yes
Rooftop Storage Offices Facilities Restrooms 56.
S PAT IA L D IA G RA M USER ACCESS Elders Families Children All Abilities Adults Students Facilities Residents
Private
Semi-Private
Public 58.
BLOCKING MASTER PLANNING
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BLOCKING MASTER PLANNING
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Herman Miller High Tower
MAT E R IA L S
Herman Miller
FFE CONSIDERATIONS
Loewenstein
High Tower
High Tower
Buzzi Space 64.
D E S I G N D EV E L O P M E NT The design development phase included a partially completed first floor plan with main areas driven by the community survey. These areas included a reception, gallery, children’s museum, market, community venue, art studios, recreation space, as well as public restrooms and storage. Also completed were four test renderings, two sections, two elevations and the beginning thoughts of material selection. This phase was deemed extremely important for the project because it was the beginnings of understanding how the space was viewed in a three dimensional manner. Challenges of this phase included the creation of a 16,000 square foot facility that incorporated a cohesiveness throughout. The goal of this phase was to fulfill the needs of the community while focusing on how the space fit together as a whole. By placing the reception and gallery in the center of the building, opportunities quickly arose for branching off of that internal environment and allowing that space to serve as a facilitator for spontaneous interaction and learning for all.
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Facilities YMCA
Loft Reception
Juicery
Art/Education Studios
F L O O R P LA N FIRST FLOOR DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 16,000 Sq. Ft. Scale: NTS
Whittle Avenue.
Main Entrance Reception/ Gallery
Market
Community Venue/ Hall
Children’s Museum Storage
Storage Outdoor Patio/Seating
Outdoor Patio/Seating
Community Garden
North ^ 68.
T E ST R E N D E R I N G S Art / Education Studios
Market
Community Venue / Hall
Reception / Gallery
Art / Education Studios Community Venue / Hall Market Reception / Gallery
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E L EV AT I O N S Exterior elevations are displayed to demonstrate the character of the building. Unfortunately, the original glass pane windows have been removed from the building over time, so the purpose of these elevations is to illustrate the potential of the building when revived to its original character.
Elevation: North Scale: NTS
Elevation: South Scale: NTS 72.
S E CT I O N S
Section: Latitudinal Scale: NTS
Section: Longitudinal Scale: NTS 74.
C O N ST R U CT I O N D O C U M E NT The construction document phase serves as a means to express the depth and totality of the project work and to ultimately show how design solutions and interior construction are related. Main challenges of this phase included understanding and demonstrating proper ADA entry and exit, gaining perspective on how the project design effects the way users interact with entry points, as well as utilizing design development to push the project to its very best in terms of material selection, vertical circulation, and telling the story of Olney. A final master plan was conducted for the three stories of the building, totally around 45,402 square feet, not including the basement, which is designated for storage.
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Reserved Parking
Reserved Parking
Whittle Avenue.
Parking
Residential Loft Facilities
Reserved Parking Reserved Parking
Men’s RR
Unisex RR
Fire Esc..
Loft Reception
Rock Wall
Ramp Entrance
Idea Box Drawing Studio
Art Studio Lounge
Recreation Facility
Women’s RR
Juicery
Ramp Entrance
Main areas include a reception and art exhibit, children’s exhibit, art studio lounge with two main studios, recreational facility, a community venue for weddings, parties or meetings, and a secured loft reception for third floor tenants. The exterior features ample parking, accessible entries, a community garden to support the market, and ample green and play space on the south side of the building.
Main Entrance Reception + Exhibit Dairy
Wine Bar
Meats
16,000 Sq. Ft. Scale: NTS
Bar
Market
Prepared Foods
Market Storage
Community Tree
F L O O R P LA N FIRST FLOOR
Yoga Studio
Reserved Parking
Reserved Parking
Reserved Parking
Reserved Parking
Pottery Studio Learning Zone
Community Venue
Children’s Exhibit Venue Storage
Garage Door Herbs
Dry Goods
Garage Door
Community Venue Patio
Garage Door
North ^
Market Patio
Community Garden
Green Space + Play Scape
78.
Facilities Rock Wall (First Floor)
Sewing Studio
Loft Reception (First Floor)
Men’s RR Children’s Crawl Space
Theater Zone
Flex Studio
Art Studio Lounge
Recreation Facility
Women’s RR
Weight Room Studio
Studio
Studio
F L O O R P LA N SECOND FLOOR Main areas include a continuation of the exhibit, art studios, recreational facility, community venue, and a farm-to-table diner. 16,000 Sq. Ft. Scale: NTS
Exhibit
Community Venue
Diner NIC: Kitchen
North ^ 80.
F L O O R P LA N THIRD FLOOR NIC: Residential Loft Apartments 13,202 Sq. Ft. Scale: NTS
North ^ 82.
R E C E PT I O N + E X H I B IT An ever-changing exhibit to celebrate Olney’s history and feature local artists’ work, the reception serves as a prominent space for entry, spontaneous interaction, and learning. A children’s exhibit is featured directly adjacent to the main exhibit, allowing children a space to learn and play while still being in sight of their caretakers. The reception also displays a custom reception desk, as seen on the left, as well as details on the following page.
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High Tower
C U ST O M C O M P O N E NT
Atlas Concorde
Material Considerations
Front Elevation Scale: 1/8” = 1’-0”
RECEPTION DESK: RECEPTION + EXHIBIT
Plan Scale: NTS
The reception desk coincides with organic and natural materiality and utilizes recycled barn wood from Richland County farms.
Back Elevation Scale: 1/8” = 1’-0”
Side Elevation Scale: 1/8” = 1’-0”
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MA R K ET FRONT PERSPECTIVE The market features a large custom checkout station, locally grown herbs, meats, dairy products, dry goods, wine bar, and in-house prepared foods for a quick yet healthy lunch option. Garage doors open the space up in the warmer months and provide access to exterior patio seating. Stairs lead to the second floor diner for a more sit-down, farm-to-table dining experience.
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MA R K ET REAR PERSPECTIVE
90.
A RT ST U D I O S The art studio lounge serves as a playful retreat to interact, learn, and create. The open lounge houses a variety of seating options, an idea box for semi-private collaboration, a computer bar for the community’s use, and is also home to a designated learning zone and four private studios that host classes for pottery, drawing, sewing, and miscellaneous events.
92.
C O M M U N ITY V E N U E The public venue provides opportunities for community members to collaborate for local events, meet for special purposes, and have a large space for celebrations such as weddings and birthday parties. The venue provides storage for seating, a kitchen for catering, a bar area, and garage doors that open directly to an attached patio seating space.
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NIC: Residential Lofts
Diner
Art Studio Lounge
Market
Art Studio Lounge
S E CT I O N S
Garage Doors
Section: Latitudinal Scale: NTS
NIC: Residential Lofts
Recreation Facility
Loft Reception
Recreation Facility
Rock Wall
Public Restrooms
Art Studio Lounge
Theater Zone
Sewing Studio
Public Restrooms
Art Studio Lounge
Computer Zone
Pottery Studio
Section: Longitudinal Scale: NTS 96.
Elevation: Market Rear
E L EV AT I O N S
Scale: NTS
Elevation: Recreation Rock Wall
Elevation: Recreation Stair + Lockers
Scale: NTS
Scale: NTS 98.
RCP REFLECTED CEILING PLAN First Floor Scale: 1/16” = 1’-0”
Exit Light
Recessed Fixture
Suspended Direct / Indirect
Pendants
Vanity Restroom Bar
Ceiling Detail with Illuminated LED strip
Ground Outdoor Fixture
North ^ 100.
RCP REFLECTED CEILING PLAN Second Floor Scale: 1/16” = 1’-0”
Exit Light
Recessed Fixture
Suspended Direct / Indirect
Pendants
Vanity Restroom Bar
Ceiling Detail with Illuminated LED strip
Ground Outdoor Fixture
North ^ 102.
OVERALL FINISHES
FINISHES Finish selections were vital in creating a cohesiveness for the newly repurposed factory. An overall organic palette of repurposed barn wood, leather, glass and metal was selected to serve as the driver for the main spaces, including the reception and exhibit, market, and community venue. Golden tones and various shades of blue were then added to play off of the role of the local crops and outdoor settings.
ART STUDIO FINISHES 3RD FLOOR LOFT FINISHES
The art studios and lounge finishes were selected to be a bit more playful in order to draw the attention of children and families. The studios also include acoustical fabrics and panels as well as semi-private coated 3-Form materials to provide seclusion but still allow light to flow through the space. Finishes for the third floor residential lofts stay neutral, light, yet classic in order to fit the wants and needs of Olney’s younger individuals, families, and the elderly population.
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REFERENCES Kopec, D. (2012). Environmental psychology for design (2nd ed.). New York: Fairchild Books. Lavey, J. (2014, November 4). Adapt and Reuse: Transforming the Old to the New - Community Builders. Retrieved November 17, 2015, from http:// communitybuilders.net/adapt-and-reuse/ Mccunn, L. (2015, January 24). Environmental Stimulation and Environmental Psychology. Retrieved November 17, 2015, from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/ ienvironment/201501/environmental-stimulation-andenvironmental-psychology Sturm, T. (2011, April 26). Adaptive Reuse: Green Space as a Tool for Neighborhood Revitalization. Retrieved November 17, 2015, from http://buildipedia.com/aecpros/design-news/adaptive-reuse-green-space-as-a-toolfor-neighborhood-revitalization Thompson, N. (2015). Adaptive Reuse Sometimes Yields Spectacular Results. Retrieved November 17, 2015,from http://www.useful-community-development. org/adaptive-reuse.html Verrier, R., & Binette, M. (2012, January 4). Reinventing Historic Assets - Urban Land Magazine. Retrieved November 17, 2015, from http://urbanland.uli.org/ industry-sectors/reinventing-historic-assets/
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