Historic Preservation Portfolio by samanthajsmith

2020-2022 SOUTH/WEST ELEVATION 1 SCALE Master’s of Science in Historic Preservation 1/16" : 1'-0" Tulane University New Orleans, LA

SAMANTHA SMITH

WALL S

SCALE 1/

Samantha is a History/Architectural Preservation student with a M.S. in Historic Preservation (May 2022) and a B.A. in History (May 2018) with a Minor in Architectural Studies. She has experience with urban architecture firms, including project design, restoration fieldwork & site documentation as well as work experience on a collaborative survey in large-scale historic building documentation. She primarily enjoys historical and cultural projects that involve archival research, surveying & digital documentation.

Software Proficiency

Research Interests

Education

Adobe Suite - Photoshop, InDesign, Illustrator AutoDesk - AutoCad, Revit, ReCap Leica Scene Microsoft Office Suite ArcGIS - Online, Pro

Digital Documentation Architectural Conservation Property Research Architectural Surveys

Tulane University (New Orleans, LA) Master of Science (MS), Historic Preservation University of Cincinnati (Cincinnati, OH) Bachelor of Arts (BA), History Minor in Architectural Studies Charles University (Prague, Czechia) History and Architecture Student

Professional Appointments

Natchez Outbuilding Survey (Natchez, MS) Preservation Research Assistant, 2021-2022 Urban Sites (Cincinnati, OH) Architectural Surveyor, 2019-2021 Over-The-Rhine Foundation (Cincinnati, OH) Operations Manager, 2019-2020 Court Atkins Architecture Group (Bluffton, SC) Project Designer, 2016 New Republic Architecture (Cincinnati, OH) Design Intern, 2016

Table of

CONTENTS 01

Documentation

Project Design

Spatial Analysis

Henderson Family Tomb Documentation and Conditions Assessment

Case Study Documentations

Mandeville Risk Management

Wyolah Plantation, East Quarter

Longwood, Privy

Auburn Leica RTC360 Laser Scanning and ReCap Models

Auburn Billiard Hall and Dairy Conditions Assessment

Royal Street Parking Lot Opportunities

Claiborne Overpass Research and Proposal

Street Furniture Mapping

Latrobe Mapping Research

Research/Writing

Investigation

and

Adaptive Reuse Strategies

Vinyl Asbestos Flooring

National Register Nomination

Property Research

HENDERSON FAMILY TOMB

Research and Location of Henderson Family Tomb New Orleans, LA

Henderson Family History: John Henderson was an Irish immigrant who emigrated to New Orleans and worked in a variety of businesses, from grocer to distiller. John was married to Catherine Henderson who was also from Ireland. This tomb contains their bodies as well as the bodies of their four children: Lizzie, Katie, Martha, and John B. The first inscription is for Lizzie who died in 1871 followed by Katie in 1879. Martha is listed next but her inscription reads she died at the age of 3 in 1857. Martha could have died before this tomb was constructed with her body being moved, potentially along with another sister, in the 1870s when the tomb was estimated to be constructed. The head of the family, John, died in 1885 and his last child John B. 3 years later in 1888. Catherine Walsh Henderson is the last in the family to be entombed at the Henderson tomb in 1904. The only marked people buried at this tomb belong to the John Henderson family. James Hagan, Stonecutter: James Hagan was a prominent New Orleans stonecutter as well as a real-estate dealer, state senator, community leader, and politician. He was born in Ireland in 1831 before emigrating in the 1850s with his family. Hagan and his brother John were both stonecutters by 1858, although neither would own their own marble yard until after the Civil War. In 1866, James Hagan was appointed sexton of Lafayette Cemeteries Nos. 1 and 2 and then later opened two marble yards.

Documentation

James Hagan’s craft was primarily marked by detailed stonework and expensive marble cladding, which can be primarily seen in Lafayette Cemetery No. 1. The community of funerary craftsmen to which James Hagan belonged was tied to the stylistic period from the 1850s to 1860s, an age in which high-style motifs were borrowed from European cemeteries such as Père Lachaise in Paris. Sarcophagus tombs with canted sides, massive cross-gable roofs, inverted torch symbolism, scrollwork, and acroteria signified their work.

St. Joseph #1 Cemetery City Block Context

Henderson Family Tomb Site Map

Initial Tomb Documentation and Rough Sketches

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDEN

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERS

HENDERSON FAMILY TOMB Conditions Assessment and Glossary New Orleans, LA

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Documentation

01 3

CRACKING

Cracks of varying orientation and depth that are usually associated with displacement/deformation or incipient spalling are found along the tomb’s stucco and on the marble roof.

HYSTERESIS

The expansion of the calcite granules present in marble result in broken bonds leading the material’s eventual volumetric disconfiguration and can be found on the tomb’s roof marble material.

MARBLE

FRONT ELEVATION Scale: 1/2” = 1’-0”

AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

SOILING

The blackening or discoloration of the marble surface due to biogrowth or the deposition of airborne pollution can primarily be seen in areas exposed to the elements. Biogrowth is an indication of the path of moisture over the building surface and can be found all over the tomb’s marble material.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

D E TA C H M E N T

Planar discontinuities or voids on the masonry/finish interface are exposed in some instances displacing brick masonry is found on the side elevations.

V E G E TAT I O N

DIFFERENTIAL EROSION

Associated with open mortar joints and areas containing sufficient moisture to sustain plant life, vegetation is found at junctions where the tomb’s marble and brick and stucco material meets.

Surface weathering resulting in large areas of coarse texture, pitting, or a reduction in surface details are found all over the tomb’s marble material.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

MARBLE

STUCCO

BRICK

UNACCESSIBLE

MARBLE

SIDE ELEVATION Scale: 1/2” = 1’-0”

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

CASE STUDY DOCUMENTATION

PRODUCED PRODUCED BYBY ANAN AUTODESK AUTODESK STUDENT STUDENT VERSION VERSION Building Documentation and Condition Assessment

New Orleans, LA

WOOD BUILDING DOCUMENTATION 719 Esplanade Ave, New Orleans, LA 70116 Construction: 1873 Architect: Benjamin M. Harrod Materials: Wood Frame Wood Gallery Brick Piers PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

SHINGLES SHINGLES

WOODEN SIDING WOODEN SIDING INSULATION INSULATION WOOD WOOD STUDS STUDS DRY WALL DRY WALL

FLOORING FLOORING FLOOR FLOOR JOISTS JOISTS WOODEN WOODEN SILLSILL

WALL WALL SECTION SECTION 2 2 SCALE SCALE3/16" 3/16" : 1'-0" : 1'-0"

FRONT FRONT ELEVATION ELEVATION 1 1 SCALE SCALE 3/16" 3/16" : 1'-0" : 1'-0"

CONDITIONS

Documentation

PRODUCED PRODUCED BYBY ANAN AUTODESK AUTODESK STUDENT STUDENT VERSION VERSION

This Esplanade Avenue timber frame constructed residence that is located in the Marigny Historic District in New Orleans and therefore is required to keep its building up to a certain standard. The overall condition of the existing structure is good with the largest issues being centered on the wood. Water penetration has led to wood deterioration throughout the building but especially centered on the roof where the protective layer of paint is chipping away. This lack of protection could lead to further water penetration and damage. Rising damp is also a potential risk to the brick pier foundation that could then further affect the wood timber framing and wooden siding. RISING DAMP

DETERIORATION

PEELING PAINT

Moisture is drawn up into the building walls and released at the interior and exterior surfaces where a horizontal wet stain or tidemarks is left.

Wood rot is a form of decay triggered by the combination of moisture and fungi. In order for fungi to form, the wood must be continuously damp; fungi will not grow on dry wood.

Paint is used for protection of materials from disintegration by natural elements and a lack of paint or failure to address peeling paint leads to damage of the material.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

EARTH BUILDING DOCUMENTATION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

New Orleans National Bank at 201 Camp Street, New Orleans, LA Construction: 1888 Architect: Thomas Sully Materials: Lake Superior Brownstone Red Brick Red Terra Cotta

SHINGLES

WOODEN SIDING INSULATION WOOD STUDS DRY WALL

BRICK WORK BRICK WORK BRICK WORK

BRICK WORK BRICK WORK

GLAZED TERRA-COTTA GLAZED TERRA-COTTA SILLTERRA-COTTA COURSE SILL COURSE SILL COURSE GLAZED PANEL TERRA-COTTA GLAZED PANEL TERRA-COTTA PANE DETAILING TERRA-COTTA DETAILING DETAILING GLAZED TERRA-COTTA GLAZED TERRA-COTTA LINTEL COURSE TERRA-COTTA LINTEL COURSE LINTEL COURSE

GLAZED TERRA-COTTA GLAZED SILL COURSE TERRA-COTTA SILL COURSE GLAZED PANEL TERRA-COTTA GLAZED PANEL DETAILING TERRA-COTTA DETAILING GLAZED TERRA-COTTA GLAZED LINTEL COURSE TERRA-COTTA LINTEL COURSE

WALL SECTION SOUTH/WEST ELEVATION 2 : 1'-0" 1/4" : 1'-0" 1FRONT ELEVATION SCALE 1/16" SCALE SOUTH/WEST ELEVATION WALL SECTION SOUTH/WEST ELEVATION 11 1SCALE 3/16" 2 : 1'-0" SCALE SCALE 1/16" : 1'-0" SCALE 1/16" : 1'-0" 1/4" : 1'-0"

FLOORING FLOOR JOISTS WOODEN SILL

TERRA COTTA DETAILS WALL SECTION 3 2SCALE WALL SECTION 1/4" :SECTION 1'-0" SCALE 1/4" : 1'-0"DETAILS WALL SECTION TERRA COTTA WALL 2 SCALE 3/16" : 1'-0" 3 2SCALE 2 1/4" : :1'-0" SCALE 1/4"1/4" 1'-0" SCALE : 1'-0"

TERRA COTTA DETAILS 3TERRA SCALE 1/4" : 1'-0"DETAILS COTTA TERRA COTTA DETAILS 3 3SCALE 1/4"1/4" : 1'-0" SCALE : 1'-0"

CONDITIONS PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

The New Orleans National Bank building is known for its elaborate terra cotta and rustication masonry. It is located on a busy city block and is therefore prone to constant vibrations, interaction with man, and pollution. This terra cotta is in a state of disrepair with large portions spalling or completely detached. This is a result of the water damage from rising damp conditions and the vibrations of the that city help loosen these spalling pieces. PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

SPALLING

SOILING

VEGETATION

The partial loss of the masonry material itself is, like crazing, caused by water and is usually a result not only of airborne water but more commonly of water trapped within the masonry system itself.

Blackening or discoloration of the surface due to biogrowth or the deposition of airborne pollution. In areas exposed to the elements, biogrowth is an indication of the path of moisture over the building surface.

The presence of large leafy plants and ferns on the building. Associated to open mortar joints and areas of containing sufficient moisture to sustain plant life.

MANDEVILLE RISK MANAGEMENT Beach House Bar and Grill History Mandeville, LA

TIMELINE TIMELINE c. 1900: House Type: Shotgun double, raised

basement, porch, hip on gable roof Materials: Wood frame construction on brick masonry piers

Pre-1926: Porch filled in

2007: Restoration of Lucy’s Retired Surfers Bar and Restaurant - commercial/r

c. 2015: Detached covered seating added for outdoor dining

2021: The Beach House Bar & Grill commercial/restaurant

Documentation

1915 Sanborn

1926 Sanborn

1941 Sanborn

B Sanborn Denotation - Raised basement on brick piers The city of New Orleans saw a boom in the construction of the Raised Basement House type in the early twentieth century. The construction of this dwelling as this Raised Basement House type in the same time period would make sense as the need and the means to build a raised or elevated house to prevent potential flooding increased. D Sanborn Denotation - Dwelling program A in B Sanborn Denotation - Automobile located in basement Dashed Lines Sanborn Denotation - Porch presence

Lamarque St

Marigny Ave

Girod St

Carroll St

Madison St

Jefferson St

AE VE

Claiborne St

Lakeshore Dr

Location of Beach House Bar and Grill 124 Girod St, Mandeville, LA

ASCE 7-16 Risk Category II Zone (134 mph): Includes houses, apartment buildings, offices, and stores, which represent a lower hazard to human life in the event of failure, compared to schools, hospitals, or assembly buildings that can hold upwards of 300 people, but represents higher risk than an agricultural facility or storage building without human occupants.

Location of Beach House Bar and Grill 124 Girod St, Mandeville, LA

VE Coastal Zone: A high-risk category that includes coastal areas with a 1% or greater chance of flooding. These have a 26% chance of flooding over the life of a 30-year-mortgage. The VE Coastal Zone is a flood insurance rate zone that corresponds to areas in the 100-year floodplain.

Wind-Borne Debris Region: Within one mile of the coastal mean high water line where the ultimate design wind speed Vult is 130 mph or greater.

Recommendations: 124 Girod St is currently not in compliance with FEMA and Mandeville’s flood regulations as it has inhabitable space below 12 ft. With a ground elevation of 3.5 ft., 124 Girod St would need to be elevated a minimum of 10.5 ft. to meet this 14 ft. required elevation.

Base Flood Elevation 12 ft

Ground Elevation 3.5 ft

WYOLAH PLANTATION, EAST QUARTER

Survey and documentation project in Chapel Hill, MS resulting in the production of a Historic American Building Survey (HABS) drawing set

WEST QUARTER

EAST QUARTER

HAY FEEDER KITCHEN MAIN HOUSE

FRAMING SCHEDULE MEMBER

VICINITY PLAN

DIMENSIONS

SPECIES

BARN

PREPARATION

JOINERY

CORNER POSTS

4" x 6"

CYPRESS

SASH SAWN

BUTTED AND NAILED

DOOR POSTS

5" x 4"

CYPRESS

SASH SAWN

BUTTED AND NAILED

WINDOW FRAME STUDS

4" x 3"

CYPRESS

SASH SAWN

BUTTED AND NAILED

WALL PLATE

5-1/2" x 4"

CYPRESS

SASH SAWN

LAPPED AND NAILED

FALSE PLATE

3" x 7"

CYPRESS

SASH SAWN

BUTTED AND LET -INTO WALL POSTS

TIE BEAM

7" x 2"

CYPRESS

SASH SAWN

LAPPED AND NAILED

DIAGONAL BRACES

5-1/2" x 2-1/2"

CYPRESS

SASH SAWN

BUTTED AND NAILED

JOISTS

11-1/2" x 2"

CYPRESS

SASH SAWN

MORTISE AND TENON

COMMON RAFTERS SUMMER BEAM SILLS

CARRIAGE HOUSE

SITE PLAN

4-1/4" x 2-3/4"

CYPRESS

SASH SAWN

BUTTED AND NAILED

11-1/2" x 5-1/2"

CYPRESS

SASH SAWN

11-1/2" x 5-1/2"

CYPRESS

SASH SAWN

MORTISE AND TENON MORTISE AND TENON

FRAMING SCHEDULE

CORNER POST WINDOW FRAME STUD

DIAGONAL BRACES WALL PLATE JOIST

DOOR FRAME STUD

SILL COMMON RAFTER TIE BEAM

SUMMER BEAM

DOCTOR’S OFFICE

COMMISSARY

FALSE PLATE

MEMBER

DIMENSIONS

SPECIES

PREPARATION

JOINERY

CORNER POSTS

4" x 6"

CYPRESS

SASH SAWN

BUTTED AND NAILED

DOOR POSTS

5" x 4"

CYPRESS

SASH SAWN

BUTTED AND NAILED

WINDOW FRAME STUDS

4" x 3"

CYPRESS

SASH SAWN

BUTTED AND NAILED

WALL PLATE

5-1/2" x 4"

CYPRESS

SASH SAWN

LAPPED AND NAILED

FALSE PLATE

3" x 7"

CYPRESS

SASH SAWN

BUTTED AND LET -INTO WALL POSTS

TIE BEAM

7" x 2"

CYPRESS

SASH SAWN

LAPPED AND NAILED

DIAGONAL BRACES

5-1/2" x 2-1/2"

CYPRESS

SASH SAWN

BUTTED AND NAILED MORTISE AND TENON

JOISTS COMMON RAFTERS SUMMER BEAM SILLS

11-1/2" x 2"

CYPRESS

SASH SAWN

4-1/4" x 2-3/4"

CYPRESS

SASH SAWN

BUTTED AND NAILED

11-1/2" x 5-1/2"

CYPRESS

SASH SAWN

11-1/2" x 5-1/2"

CYPRESS

SASH SAWN

MORTISE AND TENON MORTISE AND TENON

Documentation

CORNER POST

WINDOW FRAME STUD

DIAGONAL BRACES WALL PLATE JOIST

DOOR FRAME STUD

SILL

COMMON R

TIE BE SUMMER BEAM

DIAGRAMMATIC FRAMING AXONOMETRIC

EAST ELEVATION

PARTITION DETAIL

East Quarter Building at Wyolah Plantation (Fortenberry, 2019)

SOUTH ELEVATION

NORTH TO SOUTH ELEVATION

FIRST FLOOR PLAN WALL PARTITION

Autodesk ReCap Point-Cloud Rendering of East Quarter

ROOF FRAMING PLAN

LONGWOOD, PRIVY

Survey and documentation project in Natchez, MS resulting in the production of a Historic American Building Survey (HABS) drawing set SITE PLAN

NATCHEZ VICINITY PLAN CARRIAGE HOUSE

OWE OL DT

A RO

LIA TREE

ODV R WO

RRY

ILLE

D ROA

QUARTER

OAK CARRIAGE HOUSE

MYRTLE

ROAD

TO JAC

KSO

SISSIP

RO TO

LEGEND

LOWE TO

A, NA

ISIA

LOU TO BATO IANA

E, LOUIS

N ROUG

DVIL

FORMER KITCHEN GARAGE

ROAD

O R WO

MULBERRY PINE TREE

ALI

VID

MAGNOLIA TREE

LIVE OAK

ROA

QUARTER

PECAN

WHITE OAK

MAIN HOUSE

CREPE MYRTLE 1.67 MILES SOUTHEAST OF NATCHEZ CENTER

FORMER KITCHEN GARAGE

PRIVY

MAIN HOUSE

PRIVY

LONGWOOD

RO AD CEMETERY

PRIVY AXONOMETRIC E

AD RO

MAIN HOUSE

L VIL OOD ROAD TO LOWER W

ILL

OO ROAD TO LOWER W

ROA

Documentation

LLE

DVI

O R WO

OWE OL

DT OA CEMETERY

N, MIS

EAST ELEVATION

WEST ELEVATION

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

LONGITUDINAL SECTION

TRANSVERSE SECTION

ROOF FRAMING PLAN

Privy at Longwood, North-East Elevations

Privy at Longwood, West Elevation

AUBURN ANTEBELLUM PROPERTY

Leica RTC360 Laser Scanning and ReCap Models for Dairy Building Natchez, MS

Survey and documentation of four outbuildings at Auburn Antebellum Property in Natchez, MS, the two represented here being the Dairy Building and Billiard Hall. A Leica RTC360 Laser Scanner was used to create point-cloud renderings in ReCap that will then be translated into Revit and AutoCAD to produce drawing sets to HABS guideline standards.

Main House

3. Billiard Hall 1. Dairy

2. Kitchen/Quarter

4. Carriage House/Barn

AUBURN ANTEBELLUM PROPERTY Auburn Antebellum Property v Map OUTBUILDINGS MAP

Documentation

Dairy Building at Auburn Antebellum Property

ReCap Model of Billiard Halll from Leica Laser Scans

Map of Leica Scan Links

Leica RTC360 Laser Scanning and ReCap Models for Billiard Hall Natchez, MS

Map of Leica Scan Links

Billiard Hall at Auburn Antebellum Property

ReCap Model of Billiard Hall from Leica Laser Scans

Processing of Billiard Hall Scans in Leica Cyclone REGISTER 360

Sliced Plan of Billiard Hall from ReCap Model

AUBURN ANTEBELLUM PROPERTY Conditions Assessment of Dairy Building Natchez, MS

Conditions Assessment Reports for two of the outbuildings at the Auburn Antebellum Property, Dairy Building and Billiards Hall in Natchez, MS, prepared for the Natchez Historic Foundation.

Dairy Building at Auburn Antebellum Property

Standing water at foundation at north-eastern corner

The six stabilization priorities identified in order of recommended completion at the end of the report for the Dairy Building include:

Documentation

1. Signage should be placed denoting the building as off limits to visitors.

2. The electrical wiring should be assessed by an electrician to assure that no “live” wires are present. Stair-step crack on front, eastern elevation

3. The interior should be assessed for conditions, when accessible. 4. Wasps & other pests should be removed from the building site. 5. Vegetation and trees near or touching the building should be removed or trimmed. 6. The damaged window should be repaired, and the plywood sheathing removed.

Conditions Assessment of Billiard Hall Natchez, MS

The seven stabilization priorities identified at the end of the report for the Billiards Hall include: 1.Signage should be placed denoting the building as off limits to visitors. 2. The electrical wiring should be assessed by an electrician to assure that no “live” wires are present. 3.The interior should be cleaned out with the stored items relocated and any pests removed. 4. The holes and gaps within the walls, foundation, floors, and ceilings should at least be mitigated through the use of an easily reversible application of another material (i.e., placing mesh screens in the large gaps and holes to prevent animals from accessing the building or plywood preventing water intrusion from rain). If possible, full repair with appropriate materials should be completed on all areas of loss to prevent pest or water intrusion (see Fig. 26).

Billiard Hall at Auburn Antebellum Property

5. The interior ventilation must be improved, both shortand long-term, in order to maintain a dry, mold-free interior space. 6. The interior ceiling must be carefully removed, and evidence of previous ceiling construction reassessed. 7. The interior plaster should be assessed and treated for areas of loss and delamination.

Cracking of brick foundation on eastern elevation

Material loss of porch element on north elevation

ROYAL STREET PARKING OPPORTUNITIES 703 Esplanade Parking Stall Layouts and Surface Design

24'-0"

20'-0"

New Orleans, LA

Parking Lot owned by Stream Investement Holdings, LLC, 703 Esplanade Ave

The Parking Lot borders a smaller lot owned by a different entity but is also used for parking

24'-0"

BURGUNDY ST.

18'-6"

5'-0"

N. RAMPART ST.

5'-0"

Project in collaboration with representatives of the Stream Family, a prominent local family who own the 703 Esplanade Avenue lot along with other nearby lots. The lot and its surrounding context were surveyed and researched in order to propose a new parking lot and fence design for the present parking lot. New Orleans Comprehensive Zoning laws as well as the City of New Orleans Historic Landmarks Commission Guidelines for Site Elements were taken into consideration when making the new design. A proposal with new parking layouts, pavers and an art fence in collaboration with local metal workers was presented to a Stream family representative who was excited to implement the idea.

HENRIETTE DELLILE ST.

17'-0"

5'-0"

DAUPHINE ST.

24'-0"

ESPLANADE AVE

90°

BOURBON ST.

5'-0"

75°

18'-6" 24'-0" 5'-0"

60°

CHARTRES ST.

ROYAL ST

75° Parking Stall Layouts in Context with Site 17'-0"

DECATUR ST.

14'-0"

45°

Project Design

20'-0" 5'-0"

20'-0"

Parking Stall Layouts

Parking Lot Site Stream Family Properties

Grass Pavers for parking lots

703 Esplanade Fencing Design and Materials

4’ Brick Masonry Fence with ventilation

4’ Cast Iron Fence

5’ Cast Iron Fence with Art Installation

NOAAM Art Fence Precedent in New Orleans, LA

CLAIBORNE OVERPASS RESEARCH + PROPOSAL Neighborhood Around Claiborne Avenue: Pre-Overpass Construction New Orleans, LA

By detailing the history of building and cultural evolution from neighborhood to interstate, with a focus on the surrounding Claiborne Corridor and its intersection with Esplanade Avenue, one can see resilience of the residents and opportunities for further integration of the corridor into the everyday use of the community.

N. Claiborne Ave, showing oaks, August 29, 1968

N. Claiborne Ave, showing oaks on neutral ground

Project Design

View down N. Claiborne Ave at Esplanade Ave, 1955

The Claiborne Corridor exists at the center of the historic Tremé Neighborhood where Claiborne was once a “grand avenue” and at its center was a large neutral ground with its string of oaks trees. Pedestrians constantly frequented this avenue, its stores, and neutral ground. It was viewed as a place of pride and belonging for the black population.

View up N. Claiborne at Ursuline St, 1947

Image Credits, clockwise from left: New Orleans Public Library; NOPL; The Historic New Orleans Collection; HNOC; HNOC

View down N. Claiborne Ave at Ursuline Ave, 1949

Neighborhood Around Claiborne Avenue: Post-Overpass Construction The state acquired 155 individual properties along Claiborne between Tulane and St. Bernard Avenues that they then cleared away along with over 200 oak trees to make way for the 1968 construction of the interstate. While gas stations already existed at intersections before the overpass, these images from the 1970s show how both concrete and the automobile dominated this once green neighborhood.

View of N. Claiborne Ave and Esplanade Ave intersection with expressway, 1978

View of N. Claiborne and Esplanade intersection with expressway and gas station, 1978

The front page of a 1968 issue of the French Quarter publication the Vieux Carre Courier, showing a rendering of the I-10 interstate

Jazz funeral on N. Claiborne Ave with Rodney Batiste is seen as grand marshal, c. 1980

I-10 construction on N. Claiborne Ave, 1968

Image Credits, clockwise from left: TheVieux Carre Courier; The Historic New Orleans Collection; HNOC; New Orleans Public Library; HNOC; HNOC

CLAIBORNE OVERPASS RESEARCH + PROPOSAL Neighborhood Around Claiborne Avenue: Present Day New Orleans, LA

Today, the Claiborne Avenue overpass may be a scar from a deep historical wound, but it has grown to play a central role in the lives of many since it was built. Drivers grew to rely on it and the Claiborne community created a new world beneath it. Residents have found ways to decorate it and use it for recreation, markets, and community events, especially relating to music due to the acoustics under the overpass.

Gathering under N. Claiborne Ave overpass, 2018

View of down N. Claiborne Ave at Esplanade Ave intersection, 2021

Current circulation use under overpass, 2020

Project Design

Oak tree murals painted on overpass support pillars, 2021

Gathering under overpass with murals, 2020

Image Credits, clockwise from left: J. Tate; S. Smith; S. Smith; E. Jackson II; D. Grunfeld; D. Grunfeld

Mardi Gras Indian near the overpass on N. Claiborne Ave, 2019

Non-Private Use Types Over Time

Specialty Shop

School

Restaurant

Garage

Industrial

Green Space

Automobile marked structures

Columbus St

Kerlerec St

Esplanade Ave

u Rd

Neutral ground

Bayo

Governor Nicholls St

Ursulines St

Factories and warehouses

N Derbigny St

N Claiborne Ave

N Robertson St

1908

N Derbigny St

N Villere St

Columbus St

Kerlerec St

Esplanade Ave

u Rd

N Roman St

Bayo

Governor Nicholls St

Ursulines St

Columbus St

Kerlerec St

Esplanade Ave

u Rd

Education facilities

Sit-down food service

N Roman St

Bayo

Churches, halls, centers, etc.

Carpentry, tin, service station, etc.

N Villere St

Governor Nicholls St

Community

N Derbigny St

1893

Ursulines St

Store

Miscellaneous marked stores

Columbus St

Kerlerec St

Esplanade Ave

u Rd Bayo

Governor Nicholls St

Ursulines St

Documentation was made of the two-block vicinity around the intersection of Esplanade Avenue and N. Claiborne Avenue using historic Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps from 1893, 1908, and 1940, and then a survey of present day non-private building types. This study reveals the effects the 1968 construction of the I-10 Interstate had on present day building types, either immediately following construction or later due to its prolonged trauma. Few non-private building uses remain that aren’t automobile related.

N Derbigny St

N Claiborne Ave I-10 Interstate Overpass on N. Claiborne Ave

N Robertson St

1940

N Villere St

N Robertson St

2021

N Villere St

CLAIBORNE OVERPASS RESEARCH + PROPOSAL Re-Envisioning Claiborne Avenue: Green Integration

Columbus St

Kerlerec St

Esplanade Ave

Bayo u Rd

Ursulines St

Governor Nicholls St

New Orleans, LA

N Derbigny St

I-10 Interstate Overpass on N. Claiborne Ave

New “Community-Driven Green Space” for Louisville, KY neighborhood near overpass

N Robertson St

2021 Green Spaces Green Space

Neutral ground and current empty lots

N Villere St

Rendering Mexico City’s vertical gardens incorporated with overpass Image Credits, clockwise from top right: H. Spears; Via Verde; S. Smith; S. Smith

Current Site

Project Design

The reintroduction of greenery around the Esplanade and N. Claiborne intersection would bring new life to an area marked by the trauma of the interstate construction that still has repercussions to the present day. The addition of trees would provide aesthetic appeal to those driving by and make this area more appealing to locals. Trees would also serve the neighborhood as natural sound barriers that would protect the neighborhood from interstate noise. Identification of green spaces and presently empty lots reveal many opportunities for green integration.

Live oak rendering near Esplanade and N. Claiborne intersection

Kerlerec St

Esplanade Ave

Bayo u Rd

Governor Nicholls St

Ursulines St

Re-Envisioning Claiborne Avenue: Programming Engagement

N Derbigny St

I-10 Interstate Overpass on N. Claiborne Ave

Mixed-Use/Residential: Orleans Food Store as a mixed-use corner store in New Orleans, LA

N Robertson St

2021 Potential Sites and Future Land Use

Mixed-Use/Residential: Nora Navra Library in New Orleans, LA Image Credits, from top: J. E. Evans; CDW Services

Residential Low Density Pre-War

Mixed-Use Historic Core

Mixed-Use Low Density

Residential Historic Core

N Villere St

Green Space

Neutral ground and current empty lots

Current green spaces were identified as either neutral ground or presently empty lots with occasional remaining foundation. The majority of these empty lots exist along N. Claiborne, which is a common trait found in cities dealing with the trauma of interstates inserted into neighborhoods. Using the New Orleans City Council’s Future Land Use recommendations, potential opportunities are presented for the current underutilized N. Claiborne and Esplanade intersection. The future land use around N. Claiborne is focused on a mix of residential, neighborhood, and limited visitororientated businesses, with a focus on convenience and walkability. The neighborhoods bordering N. Claiborne’s mixed-use area focused on preserving the character and scale of their respective neighborhoods. There is a focus on single and two-family residences with the integration of appropriate traditional corner stores and businesses as well as recreational and community facilities. South of N. Claiborne differs in its allowance of additional housing structures such as townhomes and small multi-family structures.

ESPLANADE AVENUE STREET FURNITURE Mapping Function and Mobility of Esplanade Ave New Orleans, LA HENRIETTE DELLILE ST.

N. RAMPART ST.

BURGUNDY ST.

“Street Furniture” is a collective term for objects and pieces of equipment installed along streets and roads for various purposes. The design of said street furniture should take into account aesthetics, visual identity, function, pedestrian mobility, and road safety. This analysis illustrates how Esplanade Avenue from the Mississippi River to N. Rampart Street is accessed by people through its street furniture and how this furniture defines certain areas for certain activities or hinders movement. This analysis will also look into how the uses of certain street furniture have evolved over time as well as evaluate if some furniture is ineffective in the present day. Traffic Signals

Signage

Street Lamps

Bike Stands

Fire Hydrants

Historic Markers

Waste Receptacles

Furniture

Utility Poles Transformers

Parking Meters

Miscellaneous

Transportation

DAUPHINE ST.

BOURBON ST.

Traffic Signal Street Lamps Signage Bike Stands Parking Meters Tr 21 46 144 10 4

CHARTRES ST.

DECATUR ST.

Spatial Analysis

Traffic Signal

Street Lamps 9

Signage

Parking Meters 12

Transportation

Fire Hydrants Waste Receptacles

9 4 10

Bike Stands

144

Historic Markers Furniture

Utility Poles Transfor Miscellaneous

Traffic Signals

Signage

Street Lamps

Bike Stands

Fire Hydrants

Historic Markers

Waste Receptacles

Furniture

Utility Poles / Transformers

Parking Meters

Miscellaneous

Transportation

Designates areas of intersection between different modes of transportation where safety is a main priority - currently in working order

Designates areas of visibility at night but also used to support signage - currently historic and modern models used

Designates a connection point to a water supply to be used by fire fighters - currently present at most intersections

Designates where trash can be thrown away to prevent litter on the street - currently present at most intersections

Designates areas where power lines or other electric equipment are necessary to power buildings - currently overwhelming but necessary

Designates historic objects no longer used for their original purposes - hitching posts once used to tether a horse, now to prevent parking

Designates information pertaining to street names as well as parking restrictions, parking time durations, and penalties - currently overwhelming with some misinformation

Designates where bikes can be rented or returned currently suspended but set to return fall 2021

Designates areas of historic significance where knowledge can be gained

Designates public commercial areas, usually associated with food and drinks, where activity is stationary - currently actively being used by pedestrians

Designates what zones require payment in order access parking - currently two different models with one accessible by phone

Designates ares where public transportation is available currently transportation is only available past N. Rampart St. with the street car suspended

LATROBE BUILDING HISTORICAL CONTEXT Mapping Historical Context in the French Quarter New Orleans, LA

Mapping Investigation completed in collaboration with Laurel Fay, Hannah Hughes, Mia Kaplan and Lynette Johnson. Using historic Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps from 1885, 1908, and 1951, buildings in the two-block vicinity around the Latrobe Building were categorized to find evidence of patterns through time. Smith produced the mapping for the 1908 map as well as worked on an overall analysis of findings.

Hospitality

Government

Mixed-use

Store

Industrial

Bank

Parking

Service

Vacant

Spatial Analysis

Residential

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Latrobe Building

Bourbon

Royal

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Dauphine St .

Pe te r

lo u

Lo u

To u

St .

Co n

lle

ill e

Bi en v

Ib er vi

Burgundy

Chartres

Decatur

1908

LATROBE BUILDING HISTORICAL CONTEXT Mapping Historical Context in the French Quarter New Orleans, LA

Stores Stores are commercial spaces that are tailored to people purchasing items, such as general stores, drug stores/ pharmacies, candy stores, a wig shop, wholesale stores, and other establishments.

St. Peter

Iberville

Burgundy

Residential

1885

Decatur

1908

1951

Residential refers to any dwellings, apartments, and any other buildings related to longer-term housing (i.e., not hotels or rooming houses). Burgundy

Iberville

St. Peter

Decatur

1908

1951

Hospitality includes hotels, rooming houses, restaurants, theatres, bars, saloons, clubs, and any other establishment geared towards entertaining and tourism. Burgundy

Iberville

St. Peter

Spatial Analysis

Hospitality

1885

Decatur

1908

1951

Industrial Industrial buildings encompass factories, breweries, warehouses, storage, and any other industry-related facility. Burgundy

Iberville

St. Peter

Services

1885

Decatur

1908

1951

Service-oriented buildings include furniture repair, upholstery, laundromats, photography studio, carpentry and other specialized trades, printing, and others. Burgundy

Iberville

St. Peter

Government

1885

Decatur

1908

1951

Includes buildings like courthouses, fire stations, police stations, and any other government-operated places. Burgundy

Iberville

St. Peter

1885

Decatur

1908

1951

LATROBE BUILDING HISTORICAL CONTEXT Mapping Historical Context in the French Quarter New Orleans, LA

Vacant Vacant buildings or empty lots are depicted with gray.

St. Peter

Iberville

Burgundy

Parking

Decatur

1885

1908

1951

Parking garages and lots begin to appear with the rise of the automobile in the early to mid-20th century. Many formerly vacant buildings were paved and turned into parking, while other buildings were demolished to make more room for cars. Burgundy

Iberville

St. Peter

Decatur

Spatial Analysis

1885

1908

1951

Latrobe Building

Hospitality

Government

Mixed-use

Store

Industrial

Bank

Parking

Residential

Service

Vacant

Patterns of Change The Mapping Investigation was created by walking on-site and making field notes of what could be seen from the street. What became evident is the concentration of building uses that formed noticeable bands that differed from previous maps and exhibited more of a variety of building uses on any given street. The survey demonstrated that Chartres and Royal Streets are primarily comprised of stores. Bourbon Street is almost entirely geared towards hospitality and tourism, whereas Dauphine, Burgundy, and in-between streets show evidence of residential populations. The former ecosystem of factory production, as well as the many small businesses which served residents and tourists alike, have all but vanished from the area. The hospitality industry has taken over the French Quarter at the expense of smaller shops and increased vacancies. PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Burgundy

1908

Burgundy

1951

Iberville

St. Peter

Iberville

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

St. Peter

Iberville

St. Peter

Decatur

1885

Burgundy

Decatur

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

St. Peter

Decatur

Iberville

Burgundy

Decatur

2020 32

ADAPTIVE REUSE STRATEGIES: The Effectiveness of Adaptive Reuse in New Orleans and Future Recommendations Adaptive reuse accommodates a contemporary function that meets the needs of the community and contributes positively to the urban environment. Because of this being a relatively new type of preservation intervention, strategies to make the adaptive reuse project process as efficient and as clear as possible are still being structured in many different cities and states. This analysis will be constructed around the collaboration between National Trust for Historic Preservation’s Preservation Green Lab and the Urban Land Institute, which was called “Untapped Potential: Strategies for Revitalization and Reuse”. This collaboration focused primarily on zoning, financing, and codes as they apply to adaptive reuse. First this paper looks into the general histories of these three strategies, their evolutions and current effectiveness, and finally it will present recommendations for future improvements for the city of New Orleans in order to better support adaptive reuse projects.

“DevelopNOLA: Incentive Matrix,” https://www.nola.gov/economicdevelopment/developnola/

VINYL ASBESTOS FLOORING: A History and Analysis of Present Conditions and Procedures Pertaining to New Orleans

Research/Writing

Vinyl asbestos flooring types one of the most popular flooring options throughout the modern era, particularly during the Mid Century Modern era of architecture. Asbestos material in general was heavily used in all construction from domestic to commercial to industrial due to its durability, easy installation, easy maintenance, affordability, and insulating properties. While asbestos is still used today in developing countries in building materials and in certain products, for the most part vinyl asbestos flooring is no longer produced. The only case it has been used in present day is when it is recycled or reproduced in the replacement of historic deteriorating tiles. The fact remains that asbestos fibers can be found in almost all building materials and buildings constructed before the 1980s. This analysis will first establish a brief general history of asbestos and vinyl tiles and flooring before specifically looking into how vinyl asbestos floorings were manufactured, who the audience of the product was, and the preservation and conservation issues, with a specific focus on the flooring’s history and relevance to the city of New Orleans.

Times-Picayune (New Orleans, Louisiana), January 3, 1970: 8. Readex: America’s Historical Newspapers.

NATIONAL REGISTER NOMINATION: Algiers Point Library The Algiers Point Library at 725 Pelican Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana is a one story, raised Beaux Arts style building constructed c. 1907. The exterior is finished in earthen pressed brick and terra cotta and sits on a reinforced concrete foundation. The low-pitched roof is timber framed and finished in tile and sheet metal, primarily hidden by a parapet with a front facing gable-like decorative detail. The most notable elements of the exterior are the building doors and windows with their decorative transoms. The library has excellent integrity of design, materials, and workmanship as it has retained this same form since its construction and any repairs that have been done have supported the original design. The Algiers Point Library is locally significant under criterion A in the areas of Education and Social History through its relationship to the local neighborhood and educational institutions during the period of significance from 1907-1966. While Algiers Point Library was one of many Carnegie libraries built across America to further education, it had a larger impact on the Algiers community as the only source of intellectual recreation in the area for its inhabitants. Built at the intersection of two of the principal avenues of Algiers, the library was easily accessible to the community and was a source of civic pride and progress for the community. These libraries were of great importance to the New Orleans people as a way to enlarge their Public Library’s usefulness to the city of New Orleans and a way to further support their public school system.

“Algiers Branch” NOPL 1907 Annual Report

Present day Algiers Library, Smith

PROPERTY RESEARCH: 1536-38 Dante St, New Orleans, LA 1536-38 Dante Street is located in the present-day Carrollton neighborhood in the city New Orleans in Louisiana. Carrollton was first platted in 1833 and became a city in 1859 before it was annexed to New Orleans in 1875. The present 1536-38 Dante Street building was constructed on Square Number 196, Lot 10 c. 1892 by Emile Geisenheimer, who purchased the land from John Teichgrader. The building is as a typical single-story double with a shingled roof constructed in a Creole style with bargeboard construction at the corner of Dante and Birch Streets. The building’s second owner changed 1538 Dante Street from a dwelling to a store and added a wrap-around awning between 1905-09. 1536-38 Dante Street was owned by 16 different property owners beginning around 1883 with the Favalora family owning it for the longest period from 1925-1983. 1536 Dante Street was primarily used as a dwelling but 1538 Dante Street had many commercial uses throughout the 1900s. The present 1536-38 Dante Street property has not been used as a commercial property for a number of years and at present is being rented.

1536-38 Dante St, New Orleans , LA

Sources used: Times-Picayune (New Orleans, Louisiana) Newspaper, City of New Orleans Land Records Division, City of New Orleans Incident Reports and Building Permits, Property Tax Assessment Rolls, City Directories, Robinson’s Atlas of the City of New Orleans, LA, U.S., Birth Records Index, U.S., Statewide Death Index, U.S., Find a Grave Index, U.S., Marriage Records Index, U.S., Social Security Death Index, U.S. Census Bureau data, Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, National Register of Historic Places Inventory 1896 Sanborn Map

AW LACS

NOITAVELE TSEW/HTUOS samanthasmith.mshp@gmail.com "0-'1 : "61/1 ELACS 513.835.6390

1 SAMANTHA SMITH