5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS / ACTIONS
Action 1: Alter zoning within the City of Toronto’s Residential Detached (RD) zone to increase affordability and access to desired neighbourhoods
Toronto is in an affordability crisis. At 19.1% of households, Toronto has the highest rate of households in any Canadian city in core housing need and cannot afford their homes (ONPHA, 2018) In 2019, Toronto identified that 23% of renter households in the city pay more than 50% of their income on housing, which has grown by 21% since 2009 while homeowners paying more than 50% of their income has grown by 12% (City of Toronto, 2019). As income polarization becomes indisputable and a substantial portion of the middle class continues to decrease due to lack of affordability, there will be a growing number of low-income households putting increased pressure on social, subsidized & affordable housing in the City Further, according to The Canadian Center for Economic Analysis and the Canadian Urban Institute (2019), inability to afford housing is one of the top three reported causes of homelessness in Toronto.
The article (CUI, 2019) suggests that rather than direct intervention, governments should be using resources to encourage increased supply and access to supply in the housing market The City of Toronto has the ability to improve affordability in the city by implementing planning and policy support that can effectively drive an increase in private market supply In the book Housing Divided, Burda (2019) claims that lack of housing affordability is more than just a supply problem, affordability involves the right supply in the right locations. The stringent zoning of Residential Detached neighbourhoods restricts housing development, limiting the ability to produce housing supply across a large portion of the city which contributes to higher housing prices. This makes such neighbourhoods inaccessible to TQIA2S+ individuals who desire to live there, but are unable to due to the lack of affordability and housing typologies to meet their needs. Toronto’s high rise buildings located only in precisely defined areas of the city can be attributed to this; increasing supply in the city is occurring but zoning limits it to certain areas and therefore is not increasing at the rate needed to meet the demand When analyzing the types of supply being implemented within the city in tandem with the locations that development is
occurring, it becomes clear that effectively increasing supply in Toronto involves reconsidering Toronto’s zoning and policy landscape
Consider Burda’s (2019) idea that affordability relies on the right supply in the right locations. An effective way of expanding supply as well as density, the implementation of missing middle/multi family housing types is a feasible supply-based method of increasing affordability in the city but there is currently no land zoned to facilitate this building Residential detached neighborhoods have the lowest housing density in the city and yet hold strong potential for medium-density housing growth. In addition, residential detached neighbourhoods such as Dovercourt Village - Little Portugal and Kensington Market - Trinity Bellwoods seem to be the locations in which queer individuals want to live, primarily in lower rise housing
Increasing density in these areas aids in improving affordability and provides the opportunity to produce for individuals to live within their desired housing type, and supports the queer community as they desire to live. Therefore, altering the Zoning By-Law for residential detached and semi-detached neighborhoods to include a wider range of medium-density housing typologies opens various opportunities for housing types and locations
Action 2: Reconsider the housing typologies and unit types being implemented in the city in order to expand their inclusivity and potential use
In July of 2020, the City of Toronto published a report titled Expanding Housing Options in Neighborhoods which considered increasing density through allowing medium-density housing typologies in the Yellowbelt Figure 5 identifies the missing middle housing options being considered. Comparable to the size of residential-detached homes, the identified “missing middle” typologies will increase density while conforming to existing neighborhood housing types In addition to the proposed housing typologies, expanding housing options within neighbourhoods provides the opportunity to produce mid-size housing typologies which meets the needs of queer kinship and family formation, and others beyond the current ‘nuclear family’ standard. This may include purpose built housing intended to be shared such as cohousing or housing built to encourage cohabitation In addition, increasing the number of bedrooms within shared apartments Appropriately increasing permissions within the Yellowbelt to support the redevelopment of lots into mid-size alternative housing, such as triplexes, fourplexes and stacked townhomes in addition to the housing typologies which contribute to queer kinship structures
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mentioned above, has the ability to make a substantial impact on the supply of housing within Toronto while increasing accessibility to desired ‘single family’ neighbourhoods within the city
Such improvements will begin to increase the affordability of the City over time, while slowly shifting more density into residential areas within the city. These areas are desired by many due to their home-like feeling and central locations, but are often inaccessible, other than the homes which have been converted into apartments To alter zoning and begin allowing such housing types, we must further consider queer family formations within the home. Often living with two to four people, while up to six have been identified, the developed units must be made to accommodate more than two to three individuals Often units are not made to house more than three people, and tend to be exclusionary towards families beyond the ‘nuclear family’ standard, or LGBTQIA2S+ individuals who desire to live with their chosen family. With increasing density and implementing new housing typologies, the size and capacity of units must also be reconsidered. Employing policy and zoning with an equitable and inclusive lens, queer kinship and living formations beyond those of the nuclear family can be accommodated and supported Further research focusing on a broader range of individuals must be explored to further understand the ways in which queer folks desire to live and how they can be supported.
CONSIDERING INTERSECTING IDENTITIES
Rather than perceiving LGBTQIA2S+ experiences as universal, this research project intended to uncover location, dwelling and kinship based themes and patterns that emerge among the endless experiences impacted by elements of ones identity The research itself contributes to a deeper understanding of LGBTQIA2S+ community in Toronto by highlighting the communities’ spacial experiences and living needs beyond the basis of white, middle-class, cisgender, gay men The research found that in terms of living formations, TQIA2S+ folks primarily chose to live with individuals of the same gender identity or sexual orientation as them, and with individuals who’s ethnicities/cultures differed. It is difficult to form recommendations based on such a low quantity of information. In addition to the limited number of individuals being studied as a whole, the lack of findings may have resulted from an additional lack of data; as a fair number of individuals did not provide information related to either sexuality, gender or ethnicity/culture/race. Further research must be conducted in order to understand the impacts of identity on geographies of residence and inhabitation of space.
47
Figure 5 (City of Toronto, 2020b)
Rather than perceiving LGBTQIA2S+ experiences as universal, this research project intended to uncover location, dwelling and kinship based themes and patterns that emerged among the endless experiences impacted by elements of ones identity Prior to this research project, months of searching brought about no data that explored the residential locations of the LGBTQIA2S+ community beyond the Church Wellesley Village and beyond same-sex couples composed of gay men and lesbian woman Queer, Trans*, Gender non-conforming and BIPOC LGBTQIA2S+ individuals were virtually erased from the current landscape
The history of Toronto’s gay village highlights the basis of homonormative exclusion on which it was built Not welcomed within The Village, Queer, Trans*, Gender non-conforming and BIPOC LGBTQIA2S+ individuals formed community in alternative pockets of the city Yet, these histories have mostly been undocumented and erased. Haritaworn and Moussa (2019) provide insight on this in their book Marvellous Grounds, which began as a mapping project of BIPOC LGBTQIA2S+ individuals but transformed into an archiving project to preserve histories that have been forgotten
This research has shed unforeseen light on the unique living structures of the queer, Trans*, Gender non-conforming and BIPOC LGBTQIA2S+ communities Inspired by Haritaworn and Moussa, I engaged in the collecting and mapping of primary data in addition to thematic analysis related to queer kinship. Such methods were useful in highlighting commonalities which help to uncover themes, patterns and key ideas related to residential geographies, typologies and living formations, in addition to evoking further questions for exploration
As themes and patterns emerged, it became increasingly clear that the existing neighbourhood and residential landscape within Toronto is not adequate in meeting the needs of the TQIA2S+ community In order to achieve inclusive housing typologies and accessible neighbourhoods, the City of Toronto must consider rezoning the residential detached (RD) zone, allowing for more mid-rise housing types within neighborhoods composed of ‘single family’ homes. In addition, the types of housing being implemented must be reconsidered and expanded to include mid-rise accommodations such This can include purpose built housing intended to be shared such as cohousing or housing built to encourage cohabitation and increasing the number of bedrooms within shared apartments or homes.
The objective of this research was exploratory; through engaging in research that had yet to be engaged in, the project contributes to a deeper understanding of the LGBTQIA2S+ community and begins to form a basis on which further research can be built. Emerging knowledge pertaining to queer and trans geographies has the potential to influence zoning, policy and housing recommendations which address the varying ways in which the LGBTQIA2S+ communities live. In addition, I hope to encourage more extensive research expanding on such topics, as well as additional research analyzing the ways through which intersectionality contributes to geography, residence and kinship formations as well as the ability to form diverse and equitable communities
6.0 CONCLUSION
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APPENDIX A HOMES FOR QUEERS FACEBOOK POST TEMPLATE
******
Topic ******
Pick one:
* Offering (a home)
* Seeking (a home)
* Making a search party (to look for a home together)
* Emergency housing support (urgently seeking accommodation)
Type ******
Type:
Room in a shared house
Room in an shared apartment
Whole apartment
Whole house ******
Level ******
Basement, Second floor
Middle floor etc ******
Date Available ******
Complete 1:
I need housing starting:
This housing is available beginning: ******
Term ******
Short term sublet / 12 month lease / forever home etc
Rent/Price ******
$$ Per month ******
Utilities ******
What utilities are included, what is extra, how much $$ extra etc ******
Location ******
Where is the home or where do you want to live etc ******
Accessibility Info ******
Home offers must include info about: scents, lighting, mental health, support animals, sounds, sobriety, visual fire alarms, steps & mobility measurements, communication, grab bars etc. Seekers may want to include this info as well. ******
Queer Safety ******
******
* *****
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When state HOW/WHY it is that you or your home is safe for queers+.
About Me / My Living Space / Self-Identity / Contact Info ******
PLEASE include your social location/positionality (i.e. Race, social class, gender and other identifications).
It usually takes lot more than a shared LGBTQIT2S++ identity for people to feel safe, comfortable and welcome in the place where they live.
A safe home for lgbtqit2 people often means a space exclusive for lgbtqit2 people
The same applies for different identities. Sometimes a safe space for bipocs (black, indigenous, people of color) means a space exclusive for bipocs.
Please respect the decision of some people to be explicit about that need
Hashtags
******
#Longtermok #shortermok #odspowok #couplesok #petsok
******
******
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51
APPENDIX B DATA COLLECTION
C
52
APPENDIX
PROCESS WORK
53
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Zivo, A. (2021, June 14). Calls to remove Alexander Wood statue from Toronto’s gay village distort history National Post https://nationalpost.com/opinion/adam-zivo-calls-to-remove-alexander-wood-statue-from -torontos-gay-village-distort-history
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GLOSSARY Queer
● Queer is an umbrella term that describes sexual and gender identities other than heterosexual or cisgender Queer can be employed to express the complicated and changing nature of gender and sexuality that does not neatly fit into binary identities.
(Planned Parenthood, 2022)
QTBIPOC
● An acronym that stands for ‘Queer and/or Trans Black, Indigenous, and/or People (Person) of Colour.’
Cisgender (cis)
● Refers to a person whose gender identity aligns with the sex they were assigned at birth - (Statistics Canada, 2020; and The 519, 2020)
Transgender (Trans*)
● An umbrella term used to describe someone whose gender identity or expression is different than the sex they were assigned at birth. “Trans” can mean transcending beyond, existing between, or crossing over the gender spectrum An asterisk is sometimes placed on the end of trans* to expand the word to be inclusive of all non-conforming gender identities and expressions. Trans people may or may not undergo medically supportive treatments, such as hormone therapy and a range of surgical procedures, to align their bodies with their internally felt gender identity (Planned Parenthood, 2022; Rainbow Health Ontario, 2020)
Non-binary
● A gender identity that does not neatly fit into the traditional categories of gender - man and woman People who are non-binary may or may not identify as trans (The 519, 2020)
Gender non-conforming
● Individuals who do not follow gender stereotypes based on the sex they were assigned at birth. People who are gender non-conforming may or may not identify as trans. (Rainbow Health Ontario, 2020)
Gender diverse
● Used by Statistics Canada, in relation to the most recent census data, refers to persons whose current gender was reported as not exclusively female or male. It includes persons who reported being unsure of their gender, persons who reported that they were both
female and male, or neither female nor male. It also includes those who indicated that their gender was two-spirit (Statistics Canada, 2020)
Two-Spirit
● Statistics Canada understands two-spirit to refer to a person who embodies both a masculine and feminine spirit and is used by some Indigenous people to describe their sexual, gender or spiritual identity (Statistics Canada, 2020).
● More broadly, it is understood as a term used by Indigenous People to describe, from a cultural perspective, people who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, trans or intersex It captures a concept that exists in many different Indigenous cultures and languages and outside of the colonial imagination. For some, the term two-spirit describes a societal and spiritual role that certain people played within traditional societies (Rainbow Health Ontario, 2020)
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(Myers, 2020)