1 Sara Mehryar 4120620 Complex Cities Graduation Studio MSc Urbanism; Faculty of Architecture; TU Delft Thesis Plan and Report of Thesis Jan 2012
Can Tehran work as a Global city? investigation in different scenarios which can make more economic integeration in the city and global scale
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Can Tehran work as a Global city?
investigation in different scenarios which can make more economic integeration in the city and global scale
Sara Mehryar Mentors: Prof. Stephen Read, Azadeh Mashayekhi Master in Urbanism- Thesis Plan Jan 2012
Context of global network; history of conceptual developement of networks
Friedmann (1995)
Map by auther Source: Wall. 2009
Beaverstock et al (1999)
Map by Autor Source: Wall,2009
3 1995: Friedmann derived an empirical ranking of ‘world cities’ based on indicators such as multinational headquarters, international finance and global transportation 1999: Beaverstock et al. introduced alpha, beta and gamma roster of world cities, which relates to Sassen’s work 2004; Alderson and Beckfield consider the global network not only among the powerful world cities, but also many incoming ones from less powerful cities.
Aldeson/Beckfield (2004)
Carroll (2007)
Map by Autor Source: Wall, 2009
Map by Autor Source: Wall, 2009
Taylor et al (2005)
Wall/v.d. Knaap (2008)
Map by Autor Source: Wall, 2009
Map by Autor Source: Wall, 2009
2007: Carroll consider the managerial structures of firms instead of the hareholding relations between them.
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Context of global networks 118
Netscape, Cities and Global Corporate Networks CHAPTER 4
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Black Holes of MENA
Countries of Black Holes
Fig 25 Black holes between the World cities Source: Auther
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IS AG
TU CA
BT AM
JD
BG
TE
DU MM AB MU
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Context of global networks, Islamic globalization Geographical distribution of reported sharia assets, GCC, 2009
Geographical distribution of reported sharia assets, non-GCC MENA , 2009
35.6%
Percentage of Global Islamic Finanace provided by Iran in 2009
Geographical distribution of reported sharia assets, nonMENA
Fig (16) Important MENA cities Map by Auther
Context of globalization; IFS DJIA: Industrial Average It is an index that shows how 30 large, publicly owned companies based in the United States have traded during a standard trading session in the stock market
Fig 19 Islamic Financial Growth History Source: The Banker, 2011
Fig 22 Total Shariah Compliant Assets by Country, 2011 Source: The Banker, 2011
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Connectivity
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Fig 23 Major intercity relations in the IFS city network Source Bassen et al. 2007
Connectivity of 27 top ranked IFS cities. The strongest relation between iran-dubai and Iran-London The first three top-ranked cities in the IFS city network in terms of total connectivity, site service statues and number of head offices are: Manama, Tehran and London.
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Air Travels by Iranian
Arl Mos Ham
LN
Ams
Fra
Par Vien Rom
DUBAI
Tash
Mad
Tok
SHARJAH LONDON
Beij
Bak
KW MM
Kar DH
DU
JD
KL
Fig 24 Airline travel by Iranian Source: Auther, data by Airline airport company
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18% of the country’s population 44% of financial services 48% of high ranking officials 34% of clerical workers, etc. 30% of the country’s employment in manufacturing industry 24% of water, electricity, and gas consumptio 29% of wholesale, retail, restaurants and hotels
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Fig (53) Historic structure of city; centrality with a core Source: Tehran master plan; 2007
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Historical Analysis; Land price Fig 46 Frontal land prices on first thirty metres of Khiaban, 1959 Map by Author Source: Bahrambeygui, 1959
diameters show the amount of value for street frontage
Fig 47 Frontal land prices on first twenty five metres of Khiaban, 1971 Map by Author Source: Bahrambeygui, 1977
shows how distribution of different urban functions with various uses is affected by land values and also land values are affected by distribution of high and low quality functions. Comparison of these two maps shows the rapid growth of land value and high quality functions movement to the north 1971 shows two new centres of high land value which add a new commercial statues to Tehran.
High land value centres
Introduction, from decentralization to linear centrality
Fig (5) First Master plan of Tehran, 1966 Source: Mashayekhi, 2009
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New CBD proposal
The idea of eliminating bazaar and move it to the out of central area both previous plannings of the city. ÂŤShahestane PahlaviÂť: proposal of a huge CBD in 554 hectar vacand lands of the north in first master plan of Tehran. An idealistic modern and western kind of planning for future of metropolitan of Tehran. Followed by another mega project of eco-park of tehran in the west of CBD
First master plan, Shahestan Pahlavi Project
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Pardisan Environmental Park
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Fig (6) Second Master plan of Tehran, 1991 Map by Author
Future Strategy; aims of Tehran Master Plan
Fig (7) Last Master plan of Tehran, 2006 Map by Author
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Recreational commercial Centre Media Centre
Socio-cultural Centre
Creative Centre Historical Commercial Centre World Trade Centre International scale nodes Historical Religious Centre Fig (56) Seven international centres in Tehran mater plan Source: Auther; data from master plan 2006
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International scale nodes City scale nodes
Fig (57) Centralities outside of main core with sity scale function Source: Auther; data from master plan 2007
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International scale nodes City scale nodes Neighbourhood scale nodes
Fig (58) 40 centralities distributed in the city for neigbourhood scale function Source: Auther, data from Master plan 2007
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international fair
promenade centre
IRIB
media centre islamic culture and communication organisation
Baghe melli
social international centre
historic commercial centre
Toopkhane
Baharestan
Bazaar
world trade centre train station
cheshme ali
Toghrol tower
shahre rey
historic religious centre
military empty land
industrial area
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National airport
Train line Metro line
International airport
Historic Bazaar
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of activities in the center
commercial industry services transportation services green agriculture
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urban decay
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sport hotel university bank embassy shopping centre
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university sport political cultural embassy international airport
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Land Price Analysis
Tehran, population density, 2006 Source: Tehran Atlas
Density and land price, Paris Source: Bertaud, 2003 chapter 04
[109]
Tehran, Land Prices, 2006 Source: Tehran Atlas
Density and Land Price, Tehran Source: Bertaud, 2003
42 Distribution of administration function
Destination of job trips in the city
Distribution of commercial function
Destination of shopping trips in the city
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military
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saving lands
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military urban decay industrial saving lands
Next Steps ...
Agriculture Industrial Town Building areas Public buildings Lake Entrance corridor storage
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Exhibition centre
Agriculture Industrial Town Building areas Public buildings Lake Entrance corridor storage
Renovation of South religious centre
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Exhibition centre
Agriculture Industrial Town Building areas Public buildings Lake Entrance corridor storage
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National airport
International airport
Train station
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National airport
Agriculture Industrial Town Building areas Public buildings Lake Entrance corridor storage
International airport
Historic Bazaar
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Tajrish Bazaar
West
Air port
East
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National airport
International airport
Historic Bazaar
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Tending to Globalization Tending to being globalized Bank Melli, 1934 First bank in Iran
Spread of Anti-Imperialism Ideology
Tehran conference with Russia, 1943
Increase of oil price
Tehran university, 1934
Oil Nationalization, 1951
Revolution and start of War
Western and moderm plans which has never implemented
New movement against the regime White revolution
Paradox of the People and the Government
Economic crisis
Record of Oil price New president with the idea of growing nuclear power
Shahestane Pahlavi CBD
Nationalization of oil industry
Hejab prohibition law, 1935
End of Iran-Iraq War
Capitulation, 1960
Eco park, 1970
White revolution, 1962
Sanction Increase
Reform Movement
15 khordad movement, 1963
1920
1930 1939
1951
19601963 1962
1971
Colonization, Americanization and Westernization
1980
1988
1997
2005 2010 2008
Networks of the cities Branches of globalisation
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Conclusion - Iran has geopolitical situation in the region - In IFS system Iran is one of the main powers and its connection to the world economic institutions is one of the biggest. - Tehran is one of the earliest city which shifted from tradition to Modernity, its peole, culture and even city planning have been always - toward being more modern and be related to the global network. BUT - Tehran has witnessed increasing sanctions during the recent years. - Its impermanent and changeable political situation make it hard to predict the future of the city, since many of previous planning -became inutile because of the political and ideological changes. Future spatial strategic planning of Tehran needs to be flexible enough to be able to survive itself even in worst situation.
Future Strategy; Different senarios
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Different Scenario - If Tehran is going to be closer with more sanction and limitations
- If the political situation of Tehran is going to be changed and the same as before it is going to use its high potentialities in getting more connected to global network Conclusion: A gradually planning which prepare the ground for future big aims will be needed to be able to answer two different situations
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Develope the South
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Thank you Questions?
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Future world trade centre