Animals + plants
By: Visal and Meng thong Group: Brainy Stripling (Samnang, Mengthong, Visal and Vuthy) Pictures from: www.arkive.org Editor: Caroline - JoJo - Jo Preface We are the students of Liger Learning Center. We are 11-13 years old. We have learned a lot of things at Liger. We want to review all of these things that we have learned so we made the books to review. Then we want other people to learn about the project too so we made the books and sell to other people to learn. We made this for the people around our age to learn.
Table of Contents Cells, Tissue and Single-celled organisms Plants Introduction about Animals Animals Sponges, Cnidaria and Echinodermata
1 2 4 5 13
Mollusks! Essay of Elephants Glossary Index
17 20 25 27
Cells, Tissue and Single-celled organisms The first animals on the Earth is Eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells don’t have nucleus and eukaryotic cells have DNA in nucleus + organelles. Prokaryotic
cells is not organise and DNA is not in the nucleus. When the cells have a lot can make tissue and tissue have many different kinds: ★ Muscle Tissue: How the body moves! ★ Epithelial Tissue: protects, absorbs, secretes Muscle Tissue
● ● ● ● ● ●
skeletal muscle - Voluntary muscles that move the skeleton smooth muscle - Not voluntary inside organs (stomach) cardiac muscle - Not voluntary heart Connective Tissue: Supports and connects other tissue Nervous Tissue: Pass messages through the body!
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Plants Plants are the best living things in the world. Animals and people need plants and trees to live. Animals need plants and trees to make their habitat. People need the plants and trees to make the house and furniture.
Seeds Seeds are strong by their seed coat. Seed coat first time that they not yet touch the water it sleep that why the seed is so strong. If it get the water the seed coat will be soft. After that the baby plant will come. Grow the Black Eyed Pea Black Eyed Pea is not easy to grow and is not so difficult to grow too. First we put it on the toilet paper then put little bit of water. Two Second every day put the water. The water is not too cold and not too hot. Just put normal water.
Roots Roots have two types. One has big stem go down then have the small roots go away from the big stem. Examples mango trees. One more have the big stem go down it have just the messy roots Example grass. The function of the root is help to carry the stem don’t fall down. 2 Other function is they help to take the nutrients and water go up to the leaves. Then the leaves give the food to the roots back. After the leaves get the water it has to make their own food by photosynthesis. To make the photosynthesis plant has to get 6 CO2+6 H2O=C6 H12 O6+6O2. â?? 6 CO2 = Carbon dioxide
6 = Water ❏ C6 H12 = Sugar ❏ 6O2 = Oxygen = (Light energy) ❏
Energy Cycle Sun Plants make the fruits and leaves Die Animals that eat meat they die. Animals Animals they eat the plants. Animals Animals that eat meat. They eat the animals that eat plants.
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Introduction about Animals Animals are the living things. Most of animals live in the forest and some of the animals live in the village like dog, cat and so on. Animals and plants are good partners. Plants need animals to help them like breakdown some big plant that die to
give the small plants get sunlight. Animals need the plants, sunlight, space, air and water to make the habitat to hide and to drink.
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Leechs The leech is the kind of a worm living in the rainforest. This kind of worm has sizes around 1 cm to 1.5 cm. It lives under dead leaves and mud. This kind of worm likes to eat blood. This kind of worm has black with very little stripes and very sticky. When it bites it put something into your body to make the blood come out easy but it not hurt.
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Great Hornbill Great Hornbill have 2 wings and it is the part of bird. But this birds are big the weight 2kg-3kg. They have the big wings and their wings was 119 cm-122 cm long.
6 Some species of Hornbill Writhed hornbill (Aceros leucocephalus) Great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) Sulawesi hornbill (Penelopides exarhatus) Sumba hornbill (Aceros everetti) Black hornbill (Anthracoceros malaynus) Rhinoceros hornbill (buceros rhinoceros) Sulu hornbill (Anthracoceros montani)
Knobbed hornbill (Aceros cassidix) Rufous hornbill (Buceros hydrocorax) Helmeted hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil) Wreathed hornbill (Aceros undulatus) Mindoro hornbill (Penelopides mindorensis) 7 Papuan hornbill (Aceros plicatus) Palawan hornbill (Anthracoceros marchei)
Narcondam hornbill (Aceros narcondami)
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Green Peafowl Green peafowl is the species of the bird. It has big tail and many colors. Their weight was 4-6 kg and have big wings. The length was around 2.3m and their wingspan body was 1.4 m -1.6 m long.
When the night it sleeps on the tree because they don’t want to have predators eat them. When the morning it flies away to
find the food like the fruit and so on.
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Some species of Green Peafowl Green peafowl muticus)
Indian Peafowl cristatus)
Congo peafowl (Afropavo congensis)
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(Pavo
(Pavo
Black shanked Douc Langur Black Shanked Douc Langur is a species of monkey. It likes to live on the trees and on land. It likes to eat a lot of fruits. It have long legs and long arms. It is similar then the dog. The different between dog and the Black Shanked Douc Langur is the dog like to live with the people but the Black Shanked Douc Langur it lives in the forest.
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Some species of Black shanked Douc Langur
Grey-shanked douc (Pygathrix cinerea) Red-shanked douc (Pygathrix nemaeus) Black-shanked douc (Pygathrix nigripes) Black-footed gray langur(Semnopithecus hypoleucos)
12 Sponges: Sponges have over 5,000 species. There habitat: most live in ocean and shallow or deep water (up to 8 km deep!) and they need something to grow on (crabs, rock, coral, snails). Filter feeders the water the big sponges can filter feeders 1500L. Sponges are made out of 4 different types of cells. The sponges get food from filter feeders the water they eat the small things in the water. The cells have different jobs some to filter feeders the water, collect the food and some moves the water to the top. Sponges they not move they just stay in one place.
Cnidaria: - Coral - Sea Anemones - Jelly Fish Cnidaria have 9,000 species they all can sting with tentacles and move slowly. Live a group of many tiny (polyps) living on there. Coral gets the energy from algae and the ecological relationship is mutualism (+-+). Coral gets food from algae when algae do photosynthesis and coral get sugar. When it is night coral hunting at night by use their tentacles to sting. For algae get safe because when predator come the coral can stings another animals. Coral they are live in coral reefs in warm water and shallow water with another animals. 13
Sea Anemone: *Characteristics â—? Carnivores, Marine, Stings, tentacles Sea anemone they can stings by use their tentacles. Sea anemone have ecological relationship with the fish (+-no problem) the fish is live inside sea anemone is (+) for fish and no problem for sea anemone. The fish is have adaption to live in sea anemone on the bodies of fish is have mucus and sea anemone think there is the same species.
Jelly Fish: Predators: -seaturtles (leatherback sea turtle) -fish (sun fish) -other jellyfish -humans Jellyfish live in the ocean. Some live in the group but some species is live alone. They eat plankton, fish, shrimp and other jellyfish. Jellyfish get the food by use their tentacles to stings another animals. Some jellyfish have long tentacles but some of species is have short tentacles. When have something come they feel and they stings. 14
Echinoderms: â—?
Have over 70,000 species
-Sea Star -Brittle star -Sea Urchin -Sand dollar -Sea Cucumber *Characteristics -only marine -Endoskeleton Most are Carnivores coral
Sea star
mussels brittle stars snails
Sea star Most of sea stars have good adaptations when regenerate arms get cut or broken it can grow again. They eject stomach to eat the food outside their body.
â—?
predators include: seagulls, wolf eel, sea otters, fish, crabs 15
Sea Urchins Predators: sea otters, wolf eel, and fish. They all are omnivores eating kelp now is the problem because sea urchins eat a lot of kelp and other animals can not lay eggs on there.
Sea Cucumbers only marine habitats
shallow and deep ocean floor â—? omnivore They eat algae, waste, tiny animals in the sand. ecological relationships: pearl fish lives in anus of sea cucumbers is (+-no problem) but sometime the fish is danger for sea cucumbers. 16
Mollusks -Cephalopods: -octopus -squid -cuttlefish -nautilus Mollusks have 85,000 species on the earth. Mollusks live on land, in fresh water and in ocean. *Characteristics of mollusks have: - Have organs Nautilus - Blue blood - Have mantle - Radula (except) bivalves - Nervous system - Lay egg - Have tentacles/ arms
- Have a beak! - Carnivores - Only Marine - Camouflage - 8 arms - 3 hearts 17 - No skeleton or shell - can fit into small spaces - Good eyes - Can see brightness, size, shape of objects The octopus can live up to 5 years and live in the oceans only. Octopus predator: ❖ Humans ❖ Sperm whales ❖ Sharks ❖ Seals ❖ Sea birds The octopus is very smarts and they can learn. Most octopus is live alone and some of them can poison when they scare. The skin have the blue thing and that octopus is poison. The octopus can camouflage very well. Some species of the octopus is camouflage to look like there environment and some camouflage to look like another animals. The octopus have siphon when they want to go fast they let out ink and they go very fast.
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Squid Characteristics -carnivores -camouflage -blue blood -good eye -3 hearts -beak
Predators -humans -whales (sperm whale) -squid -sea turtles -sharks -seals -penguin
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Elephants
The elephants are the largest land animals in the world. Also the elephants have good memories. The elephants are strong, gentle and the elephants fight to survive. The elephants are important for animals and plants in the forest. The elephants help the plants grow more and help the animals have more food. When the elephants help plants to grow a lot the animals have the food to eat then the ecosystem in the forest is good. Sometimes the elephants dung can make compose and the nutrient soil is good, than the plants can grow more.
African elephants The elephants like to eat grass, bamboos, fruits, bananas and so on. The elephants have two main groups - African elephants and Asian elephants. The African elephants have two types are forest and savannah. The African elephants are very tall and it is taller than Asian elephants. The African elephants have 3.04 metres. The elephants in Africa weigh up to 5987 kg. One day they eat 181.1 kg of food. One day they need the water 113.5L and the elephants drink one time 10L. The head have a dip in the middle and the skin is have brownish grey. 20 Asian elephants : The Asian elephants are tall. From the feet to the shoulder is 2.4metres to 3.04metres but most elephants are 2.4metres.
The elephants in Asia weigh up to 4,989 kg. One day they eat 181.1kg of food. The tusks are only found on some males but the females don’t have the tusk like the males. Their skin is less wrinkled grey to brown with pink. One day they need the water 113.5L and the elephants drink one time 10L. The foot of Asian elephant is around 1.5m. Physical features anatomy The elephants use ears to cool down because sometimes they are hot they use their ears to keep the body cool. The elephants are very good they can hear far away and they can hear 1km. Sometimes elephants ears are very good for them because when they go to find the food sometime they lose their group. But when the elephants have good ears can hear far away and they can find the group that they lose. When they can hear far away and they can find there group. The elephants they use their ears and the tail to protect their body because sometimes the insects bite the body but they can use the tail to swing the insects go far away. When they are fighting enemies they make the ears bigger
21 because when the enemies see they are bigger sometimes the enemies are scared and run away. Elephant tusks it are strong and the people want to take the tusks from the elephants to sell because tusks are special and expensive. They use their tusks to pull the trees to make the road for another animal to go.
When it dry season they use their tusks to dig the soil. When have the rain the water can go into the hole that the elephants dig. When the another animal comes they can use the water. They use the tusks use to fight the enemies for survival. Their trunk is the nose of elephants and sometimes there trunk can help to smell the food to eat. When they have a friend they use the trunk to greet friends. Sometimes the elephants use their trunk to throw the things or they use to carry the things also use for take the food to eat. The elephant's skin is suffer because the insects bite their skin and the elephants get sunburnt. When the elephants have the dust on the skin they roll on the mud themselves because they wants the skin is clean and has good skin. The elephants when they are old the skin is change to wrinkles. When the skin is hot they go into the water to make cool. The elephant's feet is heavy and is very big too.
22 Behavior - life style : The elephants live in family groups of female elephants of all ages and young males. The females elephants stay with the same group all their lives. Usually leave the group between 12 or 17 years they live alone small herd. The elephants female is the directed in small group but not all females do the matriarch. The group that have the female to direct when has
the problem or have the enemies come the female directed group to go away or kill the enemies go away. The female keeps the group safely together and helps to find the food or the water for the group. Sometimes the enemies come and the female that decision the group to change flee from the danger when they not flee they can die or can hurt. The female teach the young elephants to be smart or teach to find the food, water and to be strong. The elephant's trunk they don’t has the bone that why they can move the trunk that they wants to more. The trunk elephants can hold the water one time 10L. The elephant's tusk make from ivory and there tusk is very strong. Sometimes the people they take the tusks from the elephants to sell.
23 Ecosystem The elephants help biodiversity in the forest to have good ecosystem and the forest is sustainable. The elephants help plants and animals in ecosystem to be good and have a lot of plants and animals in forest. When the elephants don’t help the trees to grow the small trees that grow will disappear because the small trees can’t do photosynthesis that why the tree disappear. When the big tree is blocking sunlight and the grassland will die because the grass can not do photosynthesis
that is why the grass dies. The animals that eat the grass will die too. Then all ecosystem in the forest will be disappear too.
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Glossary Breakdown = make something break; decompose Village = Place that have a lot of people living and working function = Job of plants. Habitat = Place to live of animals. Rain-forest = The forest that have a lot of rain. Mud = The land that soft. Stripe = Line that across Ex: The zebra have it. Species = Kind of animals.
Wingspan = Wing from the left to wing at the right. Predators = Living thing that eat other animals Ex: Predators of moth is bat. Ocean = Place that have a lot of water = Make the water move and clean Polyps = the small animals that make coral Coral = Flowers that in the sea. Mutualism = Good for both. Algae = Tiny thing that in that have color green. Photosynthesis = Plant they make their own food.
25 Coral reefs = Like rainforest but in the water. Characteristics = The special things about the species. Radula = Have tongue with teeth. Carnivores = Animals that eat flesh. Camouflage = The organism adapts to look like their environment. Skeleton = bone that in our body or animals. Poison = Thing that can make us sick or die.
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Index Cells, Tissue and Single-celled organisms 1 Trees 2 Grow the black eyed peas 2 Seeds 2 Roots 2-3 Introduction about animals 4 Leeches 5 Great Hornbill 6 Species of Hornbill 7-8 Green peafowl 9 Species of Green peafowl 10 Black shanked douc langur 11 Species of Black shanked douc langur 12 Sponge 13 Cnidaria 13 Sea Anemone 14 Echinoderms 15 Sea stars 15 Sea urchins 16 Mollusks 17-18 Squid 19
Elephants 20 27 African Elephants 20 Asian Elephants 21 Physical features anatomy 21-22 Behavior-life style 23 Ecology stem 23-24 Homework Find the animals that live near you. Then writing about that animal. Describe them. Draw the pictures.
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