MEthru LA - Process Book by Sam Sultan

Addressing Civic challenges with Design Solutions

Sam Sultan MGx Thesis Spring 2022

TABLE OF CONTENT

Intro

Project

Research

Process

100

Citation

134

INTRODUCTION

Introduction Author Bio Thesis Statement Thesis Synopsis

06 08 10

INTRODUCTION

Author Bio

Sam Sultan Being from the Middle East, I am blessed to have been exposed to a diverse and rich environment. However, I still felt disconnected from myself and thought that I needed to grow as a person. What did I do? I traveled! With every city I had moved to, I submerged myself within the depth of cultures in different cities worldwide. Some of the countries I have lived or visited did not require a car; Cities like London, New York, Montreal, Toronto, Moscow, and even Denver had adequate local transportation, making it easy and affordable to go around the city. When I moved to Los Angeles, I was shocked at how dependent people were on cars. As I adapted towards local customaries and bought myself a car, this wasn’t an issue until my daily commute became unbearable, something many Angelenos can relate to. I took this project as a challenge to find out why public transit in Los Angeles lacks and see if the design could tackle this problem to create a more dynamic and efficient way to travel within the city limits.

INTRODUCTION

Thesis Statement

The city of Los Angeles is known for being the land of cars but while traffic and environmental concerns worsen over time, it is crucial now to get more people to venture off their dependence on the automobile. By using design as a platform to communicate to the people of Los Angeles through a game, it is possible to eradicate the stigma of Public Transit in this city.

INTRODUCTION

Thesis Synopsis Cities are just large urban playgrounds. It is a place to thrive, have adventures, and explore. Most notably, they contain a significant presence of activities in a concrete ecosystem. Los Angeles is no exception; it is a giant urban playground to which people can go around and explore so much so that a weekend trip isn’t possible. Unlike most cities that can be explored using a pre-existing system of transportation, Los Angeles is a city that is dependent on cars. While car enthusiasts like myself enjoy the road infrastructure in this city, we cannot talk about roads here without mentioning the elephant in the room, traffic. Los Angeles has one of the world’s worst traffic problems. While politicians propose adding more lanes onto an already congested freeway system, experts within the field of urban study have already indicated that adding more lanes will worsen the traffic experience. And while traffic and environmental concerns worsen over time, it naturally led me to this question: what would the future of transportation look like for this city? Quite frankly, the future of transportation is actually in the hands of Public Transportation. Yes! Metro LA is our solution. To achieve that, locals must venture away from their dependence on cars as it would reduce freeway usage, resulting in a better driving experience. More importantly, the public transit system bypasses traffic altogether as their infrastructure is already independent of public roads. Since I had previous experiences with public transit in different cities, I wondered why the people of LA profoundly decline using this public service. It turns out there’s more to that than I anticipated. Metro LA has a reputation that discourages people from riding with them. They are known to be filthy, unreliable, and inconvenient, which leaves this option as a last possible resort after ride-share. It is viewed as transportation for low-income people, discouraging other income groups from riding with them. As a result, Native Angelenos believe that they will be met with an inevitable demise if they go on public transit in Los Angeles unless the public transit system is refreshed to meet a certain quality control standard. Unfortunately, that won’t be the case if the number of ridership remains low, even if the general population wants it. To understand what Metro LA’s experience is like, I started using the subway as an alternative method of transportation. While public transit was indeed in a worsening state of condition as anticipated, it wasn’t bad of an experience for me! To ride to Santa Monica from Downtown cost me under two dollars and was faster than for me to drive there. In my opinion, it is more convenient to travel by train rather than by car and doing so saves me time for myself and the environment. For my thesis, I wanted to raise awareness to convince more people to consider the Metro as an alternative method of transit for the environment and to have metro LA be used more often so that funding can be allocated towards the system for improvements. Based on my research, providing insight into my study will not change the minds of Angelenos. Therefore, the goal of my project quickly evolved towards utilizing design as a platform to address civic challenges and eradicate the stigma of public transit in this city. As a young adult, I have a different viewpoint on public transit because I am more active than other groups of people. My perception of the metro differs as I view public transit as an exploration game. The strategy for this thesis is to employ an Experiential Game Design to appeal to young Angelenos by peaking curiosity and rewarding exploration in hopes of convincing them to utilize public transit as an alternative method of transportation. MEthru LA: Addressing Civic challenges with Design Solutions. This is a game where players are invited to explore Los Angeles in a different perception. By using public transportation, users can explore better while appreciating this city. Players are prompted to complete levels to earn points and win prizes. Players can choose what category of exploration they’d like to engage in; this includes food & beverages, entertainment, adventure, and architecture. Users can explore, discover, and learn more about what makes Los Angeles unique with the augmented reality 10

feature. It will then navigate the user and prompt A.R. exploration along their route to showcase “Fun Facts.” Users can also enjoy MEthru LA with friends! Using the multiplayer feature, the app will route all players to a station to start playing. This app can also be used as a navigation app to simplify transit and walking directions. When users complete levels, they are praised with a win which includes points. Those points can be redeemed towards gift cards for local restaurants or metro passes. The deliverables for this project include branding, to appeal to the target audience of young Angelenos while also modernizing a clean and modern look to give metro a new face, and a marketing campaign to spread the word on this new app and convince locals to give this app a try. MEthru LA is a beacon of hope for Los Angeles’ public transit system. I know that Metro LA isn’t perfect and shouldn’t be where it is today, but creating this app would help get Metro LA to where it needs to be. The purpose of this project is to inadvertently convince Native Angelenos to take public transit so that they can realize that it’s not that bad after all. My aspirations for this project are to have Angelenos start considering using public transit as an alternative method of transportation. Doing so would give Angelenos the experience of seeing more on foot rather than driving through it. With enough users, it would provide public leaders more of a reason to recognize the need to expand the current transit system and build better infrastructure for the future of this city and the future of the environment and its people.

INTRODUCTION

Project MEthru LA Marketing Campaign Style Guide

16 26 38

PROJECT

MEthru LA PRIMARY FEATURES:

› MEthru LA game › WEthru LA Multiplayer game › Transit Planner › Rewards

MEthru LA Scavenger Game to find LA’s Hidden gem.

PROJECT

MEthru LA The game The primary function of this app is the game. Users are encouraged to go out and explore this city. The game plans transportation, stops along the way to learn more via Augmented Reality, and reward users for completing a game. The types of exploration people can enjoy can be related towards tourism, food exploration, nightlife, & even architectural discovery.

Arriving Now

THE GAME PLANS ROUTES AND NAVAGATES USERS TO THEIR DESTINATION.

ALONG THE ROUTE, LA IN AR OPENS UP AND EXPOSES FUN FACTS.

WHEN THE USER COMPLETES THEIR EXPLORATION, THEY ARE REWARDED WITH POINTS THAT CAN BE USED IN REAL LIFE.

PROJECT

WEthru LA The Multiplayer Game WEthru LA has the ability to take what already exists in MEthru LA but allows for users to share their experience. Users can add their friends to chat, plan, and start a game. En-route, users are able to check up on each other and ultimatly discover the city in groups.

GROUP CHAT TO ALLOW USERS TO PLAN AND START A GAME.

PLAYERS CAN CHECK UP ON EACH OTHER WITHIN THE GAME.

PROJECT

Transit planner Transit Mapping This app is designed to simplify transit planning in order for users to approach this and only attain the required information they need. While this includes A.R. Lense to ensure users dont get lost, it is a fun way of exploring the city.

SIMPLIFIED TRANSIT MAP WITH ACCURATE NOTIFICATION

WALKING DIRECTIONS

AR LENS TO GUIDE USERS ON WHERE TO GO

PROJECT

Rewards Rewarding users with points which leads towards something valuable. Users can redeem those points for either transit passes or gift cards. People are only winners in all of this.

Feels good to earn

So many to choose from

statistical information to help users feel more rewarded

option to exchange points to gift cards

USER REDEEMING POINTS TO GIFT

PROJECT

Marketing Campaign INCLUDES:

› Advertisement › Swag

Advertisement This is to gain traction among the public. As such, there are several components to create this campaign.

POSTER IN DTLA

PROJECT

Pedestrian focused Billboard Ads to deliver messaging to pedestrians to encourage exploration within the city.

SUBWAY POSTER AD

POSTER IN DOWNTOWN LOS ANGELES

SUBWAY ENTRANCE AD

PROJECT

City Billboards Each billboard that is specific to an area within Los Angeles has distinct messaging to appeal towards local residence.

DOWNTOWN BUILDING POSTER INTENDED FOR DRIVERS IN TRAFFIC

HOLLYWOOD BUILDING BILLBOARD

PROJECT

Freeway Banner

HIGHWAY BANNER

FULL WRAP BUS

Full wrap transit vehicle

FULL WRAP TRAIN

PROJECT

Airport

ARRIVAL BANNER AT LAX

Social Media in-app promotion

INSTAGRAM STORY AD

PROJECT

Swag To gain traction within the crowd, swag is a great marketing tactic to try to engage potential users. Swags for this marketing campaign include:

› Travel Journal with pens › Tap Card Fob on Keychain › iPhone Case with Tap Card embedded › Hand Sanitizer › Sunscreen Lotion

TRAVEL JOURNEY FOR USERS TO WRITE DOWN THEIR EXPERIENCE

LEFT: IPHONE CASE WITH BUILT IN TAP CARD + TOP-RIGHT: TAP CARD KEYCHAIN

BOTTOM-RIGHT: CARE GIFTS

PROJECT

Style Guide INCLUDES:

› Logo + Icons › Color › Typography › Example of Graphics

PROJECT

Logo Primary Logo

Logo Secondary Logo

PROJECT

Icons Primary Symbols

Icons Supportive Symbols Can expand on primary shapes.

PROJECT

Color

For Print

SGV Yellow #ffcc33

Sun Red #cc3333

Palm Green #009966

Pacific Blue #0099cc

GREY 1 #333333

GREY 3 #CCCCCC

VELVET PURPLE #663399

GREY 4 #E6E6E6

DEEP NAVY BLUE #333399

GREY 2 #666666

For Digital

SGV Yellow #fccb25

Sun Red #e15857

Palm Green #00a36a

Pacific Blue #00aade

GREY 1 #414042

GREY 3 #F2F2F2

VELVET PURPLE #9966CC

GREY 4 #F7F7F7

DEEP NAVY BLUE #3333CC

GREY 2 #6D6E70

PROJECT

Typography For Print

Title Subtitle Quote Body

Como

48/40 pt

Como

21/24 pt

Como

21/24 pt

Open Sans

9/13 pt

Regular

Extra Bold

Medium

Roman

Title Subtitle Quote Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, cons ectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi.

Caption

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, cons ectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla

Open Sans

SemiBold

8/10 pt

Tracking: 25

CAPTION

Typography For Digital/UX/App

Display

Header

Title 1 Title 2

Headline

Body

Caption

Como

48/50 pt

Como

32/28 pt

Como

24/27 pt

Como

21/24 pt

Como

21/24 pt

Open Sans

14/18 pt

Open Sans

12/14 pt

Regular

Extra Bold

Medium

Roman

Tracking: 25 47

PROJECT

Research Insight History Research Conclusion & Proposal

54 56 60 96

RESEARCH

Insight

During California’s Stay-at-Home order, I spent much time driving up the mountains and appreciating the time I had to reflect upon myself. One of the things I’ve reflected on is how this city has changed within a span of a few years. When California was transitioning towards a Post-COVID era, the economy picked up. I was quickly reminded of how terrible traffic could be in Los Angeles; a drive that took me 15 minutes now takes approximately an hour and a half to complete. That dilemma put me in a state of mind that changed how I saw transportation in Los Angeles. Before I moved to Los Angeles, I spent much time abroad, which led me to experience different lifestyles to adapt to how people move within their city. I was able to experience what public transit had to offer in cities like New York, London, Moscow, Toronto, Montreal, San Francisco, and other various cities within North America. Since Los Angeles is known for having one the largest counties in the United States, I assumed there could be a local version of the famous London Underground transit system. Unfortunately, that isn’t the case for Los Angeles. It is widely known that this city does not have an ideal public transit system for its residents. Statements such as danger, unreliable, and inconvenient are some of what locals say about this public service as it derailed potential for future riders. So this got me thinking, how can a city as big as Los Angeles have one of the world’s least reliable public transit systems? How can 10 million people move around without the headache of the freeway system during rush hour? I wanted to dig deep and understand the root of the problem and seek any hope for LA’s Metro.

RESEARCH

History THIS INCLUDES:

› Early days of Transportation › Origins of Metro › Domination of Automobile

On the history of public transit in LA – it started in 1873 with the City of Los Angeles issuing two street railway franchises. The 1870’s were horse drawn rail cars, the 1880’s were cable drawn (like San Francisco cable cars), and in the 1890’s overhead electrified catenary wire and electric powered trains began and the system really took off. The multiple private enterprise efforts were consolidated in “the great merger” of 1911 which purchased the various smaller efforts and divided them into two main systems. Pacific Electric red cars were the “interurban” routes, much like today’s commuter rail, their 1,100 miles of tracks laid out the footprint of southern California sprawl. Orange, Riverside and San Bernardino counties were connected with Los Angeles. The Los Angeles Railway yellow cars was the urban streetcar network serving communities north, south, east and west of downtown LA. While Henry E. Huntington invested in the early days of pacific electric, after the great merger of 1911, he was left with Los Angeles Railway. In 1923, the two rail system operators jointly formed Los Angeles Motor-coach, LA’s first bus transit company, to implement bus transit on streets not served by rail but needed connections. LA’s first two bus routes, Western Ave and Wilshire Blvd, went into service in late 1923 and are LA’s two oldest continuously operated bus routes. In 1944, Los Angeles Railway sells out to Los Angeles Transit Lines. In 1953, Pacific Electric sells out to Metropolitan Coach Lines. These are still private transit companies that were regulated as public utilities by the California Public Utilities Commission in Sacramento. The fares were held low by state regulators, and whether is was a bus route or a train line, any changes to routes and service levels had to be approved by Sacramento. Around this same time, the LA Chamber of Commerce and others lobbied the state to form the Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority. It was authorized in state law in 1951 as a transit planning agency with a specific charge to study monorail technology with a possible route that would follow the Los Angeles River from Long Beach to Panorama City in the San Fernando Valley. In 1954, the LAMTA charter was changed by the state to study multiple monorail routes. The big change comes in 1958 when the state allows LAMTA to become LA’s public transit operator with a governing board with local authority to change fares and routes locally, and bond funds to purchase the successor to Pacific Electric, Metropolitan Coach Lines, and successor to LA Railway, Los Angeles Transit Lines. LA Motor-coach bus lines had been absorbed into LA Transit Lines already. March 3, 1958 marks the beginning of public ownership and governance over LA’s public transit system. Its seven member board of directors were appointed by the Governor. At this same time, the federal highway building program was making rail transit harder and harder to operate in LA as those freeway routes cut across rail lines and bus lines replaced them. The monorail plans of LAMTA were generating public controversy just as they were dismantling the last 8 rails lines and 2 electric trolley bus lines. The last trains ran in 1963. LA was bus only transit after that. 1,2 LAMTA’s monorail plans created enough public controversy that State Senator Thom Rees (Beverly Hills) re-wrote the state’s LAMTA law into the Southern California Rapid Transit District (SCRTD) and added additional powers of eminent domain to acquired the necessary property for a rail based mass rapid transit system, the power of taxation, and an expanded board of directors comprised of appointees by local elected officials instead a board appointed by the governor. The new transit agency took over in November 1964. They put their first initiative to raise the funds necessary to build a mass rail rapid transit system on the ballot in 1968. The operation of public transit was still done with fare box and advertising revenues, just as it was during the private operation era. There were no tax subsidies to do large projects like restoring rail service, or even buying new buses on a timely basis. The ballot initiative failed to reach the 50% threshold. SCRTD tried again in 1974 and 1976 with the same results.3 State and federal subsidies for operating and capital projects finally began to flow in the early 1970s from the Urban Mass Transit Administration (now called the Federal Transportation Administration, F.T.A.) and from the State of California. A new kind of local transportation agency was needed to be the administrator of these funds and to do county-wide transportation planning to improve the coordination of transportation services, street and highway improvements. The State formed the County Transportation Commissions in 1977. The Los Angeles County Transportation Commission (LACTC) was born. LACTC went to work on inventorying existing rail rights of way that still existed, funding plans, long range plans and service improvements for all of LA County. In 1980, they put Proposition A on the ballot, a half cent sales tax with specific percentages of revenues dedicated to rail construction 35%, local return to cities based on population 25%, and the remaining 40% for public transit purposes and this time, voters approved it. They created a funding formula to subsidize local transit operators, of which SCRTD was the largest, but others like Santa Monica Big Blue Bus, Culver City Transit, Long Beach Transit, Norwalk, Torrance, etc were also included. 4

ATSF 3197 OBSERVATION CAR 1945

B-10 AW-20 PASSENGER TRAIN OF 1932

RESEARCH

In 1990, the State of California put rail bond initiatives 111, 116 and 118 on the November ballot. LACTC rushed out Proposition C, a second half-cent sales tax, similar to Proposition A, it had broad percentages dedicated to transit safety, commuter rail, park and ride lots and again, more local return funding.5 The state rail bonds passed and so did the local Prop C sales tax. With these revenues, LACTC purchased 450+ miles of rail rights of way for $980 million from Southern Pacific (once the parent company of Pacific Electric) and other railroads to preserve these corridors for future light rail, commuter rail and other transportation system improvements.6 On rail, SCRTD was successful in obtaining federal funding for its Metro Rail red line Subway project. It broke ground in 1986. LACTC with its Prop A local sales tax funding, broke ground on the light rail blue line in 1985. By 1988, the two agencies hammered out an agreement to consolidate rail construction under a subsidiary of LACTC, the Rail Construction Corporation, and to begin merger talks between the two agencies. On February 1, 1993, the merger became effective, creating the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. It consolidated the planning, construction, and operations under one agency that also has responsibility for county-wide transportation planning. In 2008 it placed Measure R on the ballot, a 3rd half-cent sales tax for a specific list of transit projects, and it passed with a two-thirds vote. It was different from the two prior initiatives because its named projects and timelines and budgets instead of broad themed categories of funding. In 2016, it placed a 4th half cent sales tax on the ballot, and it too passed by a two thirds majority. Each of these 4 sales taxes generates around $900 million in revenues annually. 7

Reference: 1. 1960 PLAN – ARTIST CONCEPTUAL DRAWINGS HTTP://LIBRARYARCHIVES.METRO.NET/DPGTL/LAMTA/1960_ AUG26_COMPARATIVE_ANALYSIS_RAPID_TRANSIT_SYSTEM.PDF 2. 1961 PLAN - FROM EL MONTE TO DOWNTOWN, AND A SUBWAY FROM DOWNTOWN TO CENTURY CITY/WESTWOOD. COLOR RENDERINGS. HTTP://LIBRARYARCHIVES.METRO.NET/DPGTL/LAMTA/1961_KAISER_GENERAL_DESCRIPTION_RAPID_TRANSIT_SYSTEM_BACKBONE_ROUTE.PDF 3. HTTP://LIBRARYARCHIVES.METRO.NET/DPGTL/SCRTD/1968-FINALREPORT-TO-SCRTD-MAY.PDF 4. HTTP://LIBRARYARCHIVES.METRO.NET/DPGTL/ORDINANCES/1980_ PROP_A.PDF 5. HTTP://LIBRARYARCHIVES.METRO.NET/DPGTL/ORDINANCES/1990_ PROP_C.PDF 6. M AP OF THE PURCHASE: HTTP://LIBRARYARCHIVES.METRO.NET/DPGTL/MAPS/1992_SOUTHERN_PACIFIC_ROW_PURCHASE.JPG 7. M ETRO’S ANNUAL BUDGET HTTP://LIBRARYARCHIVES.METRO.NET/DPGTL/BUDGETS/ BUDGET_ADOPTED_FY20.PDF - M ETRO’S LONG RANGE PLAN HTTP://LIBRARYARCHIVES.METRO.NET/DPGTL/LONGRANGEPLANS/2020-LRTP-FINAL.PDF + HTTP://LIBRARYARCHIVES.METRO.NET/DPGTL/LONGRANGEPLANS/2020-LRTP-TECHDOC-FINAL.PDF

Full Family Tree of History: HTTP://WWW.PEOPLEPLOTR.COM/PLOT/ENTRY/10814/LOS-ANGELES-TRANSIT-AGENCIES/ HISTORY TIMELINE HTTP://WWW.TIKI-TOKI.COM/TIMELINE/ENTRY/49819/METRO-TRANSPORTATION-LIBRARY-AND-ARCHIVE-HISTORY-OF-TRANSIT-IN-LOS-ANGELES/#VARS!DATE=1985-10-28_00:00:00! PAST POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS, FEEL FREE TO USE IMAGES/ MAPS. HTTP://LIBRARYARCHIVES.METRO.NET/DPGTL/PRESENTATIONS/2018-PRESENTATION-ARCHIVE-RESEARCH-SHORT.PPTX

1977 RENDERINGS OF LOS ANGELES PUBLIC TRANSIT PROPOSAL

RESEARCH

Research THIS INCLUDES:

› The study of traffic in Los Angeles › Recommendations from Experts › Target Audience › Documented Exploration › Survey of people’s opinion

The Study of traffic in Los Angeles

IS THERE A NEED FOR IMPROVED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN LOS ANGELES? In the swirling controversy currently surrounding rapid transit for Los Angeles, a basic question has been posed as to whether the community needs any improvement in public transportation. The thread of this argument is that:

1) Los Angeles is a community that 3) this dispersion plus the has been created largely around the traditional dependence of Los use of the private automobile; Angeles residents on the car, would make extensive public transit unworkable, and, therefore 2) as a result, Los Angeles has developed a dispersed economic and social pattern which can only be 4) the solution to improving served by the private automobile; transportation in the Los Angeles area rests with further dispersion of economic activity and increased use of the private automobile rather than improvement in public transportation. The Council believes that discussion of public transportation systems or methods of financing is premature until this basic question has been answered. If the private automobile can do all of the job effectively then an expenditure of millions of dollars for the improvement of public transportation is a waste. If the private automobile cannot do all of the job, then the community needs to know what portions of the task it cannot do, their magnitude, and their nature. This section will explore these questions with an examination of:

1) economic growth trends, 2) motor vehicle trends, 3) the County’s freeway program, and 4) problems associated with the private motor vehicle system and their possibility of solution. Economic Growth Trend Since the 1950’s, the County of Los Angeles has been experiencing an annual population growth of 3.1%. Today, there are over 10 million people residing in this county. That’s a lot! So when it comes to economic prosperity, we must look into Population Density first.

Population Growth Since the 60s, research indicated that only the Central area within Los Angeles County could be determined as high degree of population density. With a density of 14,370 persons per square mile, it does not even come close to other areas within the county (fig.1). This is not to consider for other regions such as Pasadena-Glendale, South Bay, Western LA, Downey-Norwalk, etc. However, it is noted that the following districts are projected and are continuously growing which are: San Fernando Valley, Pomona, & Western LA. This is important as the crucial point is to be 61

RESEARCH

made when we talk about employment-Residence.

Employment-Residence When we talk about employment residence, we’re talking about the correlation between where a resident lives and the area where the resident works. When employees are considered“import“employees, it means that they commute from a different district within the County. Therefore all-district sections, except Malibu, Glendale-Pasadena, & Western Los. Angeles requires “import” employees. It is also noted that the San Fernando Valley is reported to have

Problems with the Car system

the highest “Export” area, meaning they lack a workforce as their residents work in other districts (fig. 2). Look, the car is a fantastic invention! It gave an affordable way for people to travel freely, and it helped Los Angeles grow substantially to the city that it is today. However, there are significant problems that are associated with the automobile that lead to prolonged issues, it include:

1) Peak hour congestion 2) Other periods of traffic congestion 3) Parking 4) air pollution 5) aesthetics Peak hour congestion During Peak hour congestion, the flow of traffic exceeds the capacity of the freeway as many people ride during specific hours within a given day (fig. 3). Each area has its particular problems correlating with congestion.

Downtown Los Angeles: Some of the most severe peak-hour congestion occurs on freeways leading to and from Downtown Los Angeles. This situation arises even though a considerable measure of relief has been provided due to the diversion of through traffic using the Santa Monica-Golden State Freeway loop, completed in 1962. A major contributing factor to congestion in the downtown area is the inability of surface streets to handle motor vehicles leaving the freeway in the morning peak hours and to assimilate on-ramp traffic during the afternoon peak.

San Bernardino Freeway: In addition to serving as a major east-west commuting artery, the San Bernardino Freeway also serves mountain and desert recreational areas, as well as out-of-state motorists. The combination of traffic flow from all of these sources can result in extreme congestion compounded by the design problems and limited capacity of the freeway itself.

San Diego Freeway: Another primary source of peak-hour congestion occurs on the San Diego Freeway. This corridor serves a wide variety of destination points, including residential and employment centers in the San Fernando Valley, UCLA, the Airport, and various industrial firms along its route. The congestion problem, in this case, is not so much the surface streets, but rather the sheer volume of traffic carried on the freeway itself, particularly when it reaches points where speed is reduced (e.g., the Santa Monica Mountains).

Santa Ana Freeway: A similar source of significant peak-hour peak-hour congestion occurs on the Santa Ana Freeway corridor, which not only serves the widely separated terminal points of Downtown Los Angeles and Santa Ana but a wide variety of intervening points such as Disneyland Anaheim Stadium and various employment centers along its route. The major problem causing the congestion is that the Santa Ana Freeway is a smaller, more minor, more miniature freeway (six lanes in many areas within the freeway) and, being older, has many design limitations (ramps, disappearing roads, etc.).

Hollywood Freeway: The Hollywood Freeway is the most direct link between the San Fernando Valley and Downtown Los Angeles. It carries a high volume of through traffic, which is limited primarily by the reduced lanes in the Hollywood area and the intersection with the Ventura Freeway. The lane reduction is particularly crucial. The Division of Highways recently experimented with ramp closings in the Hollywood area and improved traffic flow by as much as 5–6%.

RESEARCH

San Fernando Valley: Freeways in the San Reserve as points of exit to Downtown Los Angeles and other exogenous employment centers and enters but also as intra-valley circulation elements. The significant congestion in the Valley occurs on the Ventura Freeway, particularly at its intersection with the San Diego and Hollywood Freeways. The primary reason for this congestion is the antiquated interchange design, which unnecessarily reduces traffic flow.

Wilshire Corridor: Some of the most extreme congestion in the Los Angeles area does not occur on freeways but rather in the rapidly concentrating areas on both sides of Wilshire Boulevard. Points of particular congestion are the “mid-Wilshire” area, Beverly Hills, and Westwood. The major primary reason for this congestion is the inability of the surface streets to handle the increasing volumes of motor vehicle traffic resulting from rapid increases in employment, residential social, educational, and cultural activities in the areas.

Other periods of traffic congestion While peak hours are a big problem in Los Angeles, another thing to consider is other periods of traffic congestion. This is when other factors are in consideration as to why traffic can be harmful. This can include:

Recreational Congestion That’s people going out to have fun outside of their routine schedule.

Special Events This can include concerts, sporting events, or even mass gatherings. Traffic jams for special occasions tend to last between 3-4 hours.

Parking The main takeaway from this section is that parking is a big issue. Since everybody drives, parking can often come as a scarce resource. This can be a big issue, especially for the following locations:

> Downtown Los Angeles > LAX International Airport > Industrial Parking Air Pollution According to the Air Pollution control board, approximately 60% of Los Angeles’ air pollution comes from automobiles.

Aesthetics Finally, in terms of aesthetics, constructing more roads and freeways takes away natural landscaping, which increases emissions overall.

Recommendation from Experts

How should Public transportation be improved? Ideally, when studying for improvement methods, there are ways to prepare to plan to build for the future. The way to accomplish this can be to:

1. Wait for a technological “Breakthrough“ before adopting any solutions 2. Proceed with a “known” solution, with the hope that it can be ultimately incorporated into a technologically improved system. But since Los Angeles is expanding quickly and with LA hosting the Olympics in 2028 and other events coming up shortly, it is necessary to act now.

LA Metro’s Plan Currently, Los Angeles is expanding their metro system. The extension of the Purple Line & the Screenshot Extension would give the public transportation that is much needed. However, people need to start taking public transit instead of using their cars for this system to work. So this got me thinking:

What are people thinking of the public transit in Los Angeles? But before we dive into my exploration of what people think of public transit in Los Angeles, we must discuss who our target audience is.

RESEARCH

Target Audience

According to research done by the Frontier Group, they had predicted that this generation of young adults is less likely to drive than their predecessor generation. Since World War II, the number of miles driven in America has been steadily increased. This all changed at the turn of the century when it was reported that the average American was driving 6 percent fewer miles than ten years ago. The cause of this dilemma is young Americans. With the rise of gas prices, new licensing laws, and improved technology in alternative transportation, it makes more sense not to own a car. For that reason, the target audience for this project is:

Young Angeleno Adults. Since most Angelenos drive everywhere, younger adults tend to be more susceptible to change to accommodate their needs. They want to live in big cities and have a more active lifestyle. Since Los Angeles has many activities, young adults love to explore the city as I do myself. This isn’t the case for everybody, but this is a general target audience susceptible to change. This is relatively important as it would drive attention towards the city’s public transit infrastructure so that public leaders are more inclined to invest in Metro LA.

RESEARCH

Documented Exploration

Since I am inquisitive about what the metro is like, I documented my experience of riding the metro from the rider’s perspective and took notes of my surroundings. I then asked my friend Eddie to do the same so that there’s more perspective wile exploring. I then composed a Zine which included the following:

› Ridership Data › Self-Exploration documentation › Secondary Perspective Documentation › & Collection of Surveys This is to better understand why Public Transit in Los Angeles isn’t in favor while also exploring what people have to say about the service in place.

RESEARCH

Conclusion THIS INCLUDES:

› Problem › Solution › Project Proposal

Problem

Why won’t people ride the metro? After observing the survey, many of the respondents were firm in their beliefs. I further analyzed to find out that their response is stemmed from fear. Looking at this survey chart to the left, the biggest reason why people are NOT riding is because of the following:

+ Safety + Hygiene + Reliability + Time These are all forms of fear. However, upon reviewing people’s actual responses (noted on P.39), all these responses are passive, meaning they have not had a personal experience that justified those forms of fear.

Solution

So how can we convince people to use something they hate? This requires a bit of thinking, but I’ve noticed in Los Angeles that people will get out of the way to enjoy an experience; whether it was for food, entertainment, or even an exhibition, people will make time for it.

How do we do it? So the idea for this project is to create an experience so that the audience would be distracted from all negative thoughts on the Metro. Basically, in order for this project to be successful, I shouldn’t persuade people to use the metro BUT instead, create an experience for riders to enjoy. Leaving audience wanting to see more. Next Chapter is the Process of this project. Where I take you from topic exploration and continue onwards toward Project development.

Process Topic Exploration Project Development

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Topic Exploration THIS INCLUDES:

› Initial Topic Exploration › Acute Topic Research

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Initial Topic Exploration At the start of this project, I started out by listing all topic of interests I had that could be contenders towards the development of this project. A mind-map was created to narrow down categories of interests.

Travel Airplanes Cars Trains Driving in Los Angeles Public Transit in Los Angeles

Mental Health Depression Self-Care Self-Love Anxiety Social Disability ADHD Motivation Health Care

Social Media Self-Promotion Digital Communication Self-Expression Voice “Virtual Life” Community Love

Environment Global Warming Nature Urban Planning National Parks “The Big City” Community Place of belonging

Technology Personal Devices Augmented Reality Virtual Assistant Smart Home Graphics Anonymous (can hide on net)

Advocacy / Human Rights LGBTQ+ Rights immigration Climate Change International Affairs Domestic Affairs Immigration Law Environmental Awareness Health Care Mental Health

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RESEARCH

Development of topics In this stage, topics are converged towards a more specific topic so that topic research can initiate.

Collection of interests —› Idea of topic Taking personal interests to potential topics for project

Cars Trains Driving in Los Angeles Public Transit in Los Angeles Global Warming Urban Planning

Idea 1: Transportation + Environment + Los Angeles

Environmental Awareness

Mental Health Self Love Social Disability Motivation “Virtual Life” Self-Expression

Idea 2: Empowerment + Confidence + Social Media + Boosting Body Image

Depression

Self-Expression Self Love Community LGBTQ+ Rights International Affairs Immigration Self-Love Love 104

Idea 3: Awareness + LGBTQ + International

Idea of topic —› Working Project Topic Turning ideas from General topics to more project oriented Topics which narrows down the scope.

Topic

Challenging the Stigma of Public Transit in Los Angeles

Topic

Manifesting a movement to encourage positive body image on Social Media

Topic

LGBTQ+ Awareness in the Middle East

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RESEARCH

Acute topics Research Since topic 1 was rewarded the focus of this project, research was initialized to further understand key issues and follow up with more questions to be answered. This segment is already Covered in the research aspect of this process book. However, this section does show off initial research components as well as research plan in order to obtain questions relevant to the Research section.

Topic

Challenging the Stigma of Public Transit in Los Angeles

Topic

Manifesting a movement to encourage positive body image on Social Media

Topic

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LGBTQ+ Awareness in the Middle East

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RESEARCH

Topic 1

Challenging the Stigma of Public Transit in Los Angeles Data

Summery

Los Angeles is the second largest city in the United States. (D.o.T.)

Due to increased traffic in the Greater Region of Los Angeles, many speculated on how to tackle this issue. Some may suggest to add more lanes on existing roads to accumulate for the growing population of the city. However, experts have revealed that by adding more lanes and increasing capacity would almost Certainly worsen traffic. One primary solution that experts have recommended is to increase fundings towards the existing Metro System. While the metro does serve its purpose in the city, the urban density of Los Angeles presents a greater problem to which carries neglect by the average Angeleno. This project would further analyze problems that are associated with the current metro and would use design to convince more people to take the metro as opposed to driving. This would ultimately reduce overall driving in the county of Los Angeles and would sustainability push the city/county to a new mental state while tackling our biggest economic disaster, climate change.

Population of Los Angeles County: 10.04 Million (US Census) Licensed Drivers in LA County: 6,581,750 People (Cal. Dep. of Motor Vehicles) Registered Automobiles in LA County: 8,154,560 includes: AUTOS, TRUCKS, TRLRS, M/C (Cal. Dep. of Motor Vehicles) Driving in LA costs the average driver $1,774 / year due to Congestion (Cal. Dep. of Motor Vehicles) Los Angeles freeways carry 350,000 trucks and 7 million truck miles daily. (D.o.T.) LA County Daily Vehicle Miles of Travel: 268,946,430 Miles (Cal. Dep. of Transportation) Angelenos spent 102 Hours in 2017 battling Traffic congestion. (INRIX) Los Angeles is ranked #6 as the worst Traffic Congestion City (INRIX) California Department of Transportation acknowledges that roads have reached far their peak capacity and has been investing in alternative methods of transportation In this current trend of more people moving to Los Angeles, Urban density will surge (Metro Authority)

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Questions to ask • Why is traffic in LA so bad? • Are there reliable alternative methods of transport? • How could we convince the public to move away from driving to use alternative transportation? • Why is there a stigma against public transportation in Los Angeles? Those are some initial questions to which kick started my research component. I then created a schedule to which looks over what areas of research to look into.

LOS ANGELES PUBLIC ROAD TRAFFIC DATA. LACMTA 2021.+ CNN AERIAL VIDEO OF GRIDLOCK IN LOS ANGELES.

Thesis Research Plan

Why promote for metro??

Psychology of Riders

Stigma on Public Transit in LA

Why promote in LA? Problems with current transportation sector The Car Culture Traffic

Why people choose to drive instead of taking the metro? What are people’s Fears with using the metro? Other factors of why people are discouraged? Contact Psychologist expert within public transit for more info?

History of Public Transit in LA Basic Historical Knowledge When it originated? How was the system? Was it popular? Analytics / Data Percentage of Population usage Run Time Amount of P.T. Vehicles What happened since? Overall Change in the years Significant milestone Change in mode in transportation: Types of vehicles Frequency of routine Overall passenger usage over the years

Metro LA today General information What do they offer? For how much? Which part of the LA area do they serve? Data / analytics LA Population Ridership data Metro vehicle in service

Problems with Metro LA What are their limitations?

Data / Analytics Traffic / transportation Data Metro Usage data Population data Urban Density Analytics Commute Data Economic Data Environment Waste data on cars vs public transit (incl. EV) LA Smog Paris Environment Deal (Carbon offset) Exploring Eco-friendly transportation methods

Future of Metro Current Plans Expansions within LA Preparation for big events (I.e. Olympics 2028) Capacity data Locations of new routes Why expand? Data / Analytics of moving people in LA Environmental consequences of Cars Why now?

Problems with Metro General issues with Public transit in LA Cleanliness Safety Reliability Urban Density (Lack of…) What are people saying about Metro? and why? Why are people not taking P.T.? Are they discouraged based on experience? or by word of mouth? Inconvenience? (find out more) Why are people discouraged? Data / Analytics Urban Density in LA Statistics on riders in LA Frequency 109

RESEARCH

Project Development THIS INCLUDES:

› Project Proposal › Project Plan › Brand & Style Development › Foldout Map

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Project Proposal In order for this project to be successful, we must consider possible options in terms of Project deliverable to which is most appropriate for this topic. With that in mind, I went ahead and considered the following project proposal.

1. Interactive Exhibition Los Angeles is known for having one of the trendiest events in the country. A solution of increasing attention is to create an immersive experience to which people can enjoy taking public transit and to learn more about the historical importance of Los Angeles. One of the key findings in my research is that to get people to start using public transit, we must convince them to change their mentality. By shifting the focus from getting from point A to point B, to experiencing the travel experience is one way to convince people.

IMMERSIVE VAN GOGH EXHIBITION + HAPPIER PLACE EXHIBITION

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WATTS TOWER + THE GREAT WALL OF LOS ANGELES

RESEARCH

2. Rebellious Transit Manual When observing the metro in Los Angeles, it didn’t align with the values of Los Angeles culture. Los Angeles Culture is all about standing out from the crowd and to celebrate its difference. With this project, I intend on creating a rebellious transit manual that highlights the city’s culture with. The goal of raising awareness on communities that are dependent on transit in LA. The goal of this project is to submit it to the city of Los Angeles for them to reflect on how their system should be like.

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MASSIMO VIGNELLI’S NEW YORK TRANSIT MANUEL + CHINESE PROTEST RECIPE

VARIOUS LANDMARKS OF LOS ANGELES

3. Subway Game! Everybody is looking for something to do in their free time. Los Angeles is unique because of the nature of this city. Since it is so diverse and so big, naturally its too difficult to explore everything. What I propose is to create a game that will incentivize users to ride on the metro. A game that will encourage ridership but also to give Angelenos the ability to explore their own city.

MASSIMO VIGNELL, NEW YORK SUBWAY MAP, 1970.

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RESEARCH

Which proposal will move forward? The biggest thing that came to my mind, especially riding the metro, is that it felt more like a game to me. From my experience riding subways in different cities, my mentality shifted when i started to see the metro as a game. That was enough for me to get into the mentality of riding public transit. For that reason, it was clear which direction was most appropriate for this project. So, let’s make a game!

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Project Plan

The game plan! This project will focus on a primary deliverable which is the game! The game would be playable on any smartphone and is accessible to everyone. However, since my target audience are young adult Angelenos, it is crucial to create this game to appeal to young adults. For that reason, Design is a primary tool towards the creation of this project. The deliverables for this project consists of the following:

+ Branding + Game App + Killer Marketing Campaign The intention of overriding the metro’s primary branding is to reflect more of Los Angeles as a city rather than an industrious vision the metro portrays.

What’s the game? MEthru LA will be a game where people can participate by downloading an app on their smartphone to explore the city! Using the Metro, Each stop is a game where the app will give scavenger clues or direction to find where they need to go next. Once the user finds out where the app leads to, the MEthru LA app will reveal one of LA’s many hidden gems. On top of that, users will win points that can be redeem for rewards! So if the user completes a whole line, then users would win more bonus points.

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RESEARCH

Brand & Style Development

Branding Los Angeles is a very diverse city. If you were to ask someone what the icon for this city is, their answers probably won’t be similar to another person’s answer. Metro LA has a very industrious style to which symbolizes authoritarianism. Not only does that not reflect the city as a whole but also the people it represents. That is why the main criteria for this branding is that:

Design must reflect Los Angeles Since there are too many icons in place, We have to focus on something universal across the board. Therefore, it was decided that landmarks were the most recognizable visual icon that represents this city, for the reason it depicts diversity within an area. Those elements will be considered as building blocks for this brand. Those landmarks are as follows:

+ The Sun + The Mountains + The Ocean + The Palm Trees However, there are different aspects within branding that must be taken into consideration to unify the brand. For that reason, this section will be divided into the following categories:

Icons Typography Color Style Logo & Refined Style

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Logo/icon Since this branding is going to be geared towards young adults of Los Angeles, it is very important to reflect and create a brand that represents the main target audience. Since we are going to take the primary symbols of Los Angeles, it was important to simplify those symbols in order for a more diverse and universal symbol that can be reused in different aspects within the brand.

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RESEARCH

Color Geared towards the audience and the tone of this project. A playful and contrasting color scheme is chosen for this branding. Inspired by the game Twister and the four landmark icons of Los Angeles, these are the color that were chosen for this branding..

Sun Red

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SGV Yellow

Pacific Blue

Palm Green

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RESEARCH

Logo/icon (cont.) Those symbols are the most basic form of those four landmarks of Los Angeles. By creating that system and refining it, creates a variation to which can be modified so that it can express with different symbols using the basic principle of the design element.

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Typography Tone is very important when it comes to the study of typography. Since we want a friendly and less industrious tone but also have a clean and modern look, the following is the type study for this project. This included a logotype, Display type, and body type.

Logotype

Body Type 122

Display Type

Typography (cont.) A finalist was chosen until the study concluded with the right typography set

Winner!!

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RESEARCH

Style Considering the Target Audience, there are visual principles to which we must adhere throughout the branding. Those are:

› Modern › Fun › Youthful All other components that are mentioned before attributes towards the creation of the brand. However, to make it more fun, cutout images with colored outlines creates a more dynamic and fun graphics for the audience. Take below as an example.

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Logo & Refined Style Using the elements we’ve developed throughout the process, taking everything into consideration to unify the whole branding became that much more easy. By combining all aspects creates a whole system to which fulfills the branding of this project.

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Foldout Map

Early deliverable development During the early stages of development, a folable book with a metro map was created to experiment on deliverables for this project. This section shows the finalized deliverable prior to the finalization of MEthru LA branding development.

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EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF POSTERBOOK

FLIP SIDE OF POSTERBOOK WHICH HOSTS METRO MAP

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RESEARCH

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PRINTOUT UNFOLDING OF FOLDOUT MAP

FOLDOUT MAP

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CITATION

Citation Citation Credits

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CITATION

Citation

Los Angeles Metro › Improving Public transportation in Los Angeles 1. Highlights issues regarding Los Angeles mobility and the contribution the car has; 2. Problem with car system society; 3. Congestion reports in Los Angeles; 4. Solutions regarding traffic, and; 5. Proposals for the future of transit. HTTPS://LS2PAC.LAPL.ORG/?SECTION=RESOURCE&RESOURCEID=15716046&CURRENTINDEX=1&VIEW=FULLDETAILSDETAILSTAB

› Los Angeles Union Station Union Station today is a celebrated architectural icon and vibrant centerpiece of Los Angeles’s regional transportation network. Designed by John and Donald B. Parkinson, its mission revival architecture speaks to a mythic vision of Spanish heritage, but with streamline modern and art deco details. At first glance this masterpiece, conceived as a magnificent gateway to the growing metropolis, offers no hint of the civic, financial, and legal battles surrounding its development, siting, style, and construction--battles that were waged across decades in the early twentieth century and that went as high as the U.S. Supreme Court. Los Angeles Union Station explores this compelling example of how transit and corporations disrupted regional balances of power and political economies. Aided by new research and beautiful drawings from the Getty Research Institute’s archive, the authors demonstrate how contentious politics informed architectural design--and the many ways in which Union Station was at the heart of the rise of Los Angeles. The book accompanies the exhibition No Further West, on view at the Los Angeles Public Library from May 2 through August 10, 2014. HTTPS://LS2PAC.LAPL.ORG/?SECTION=RESOURCE&RESOURCEID=803394765&CURRENTINDEX=0&VIEW=FULLDETAILSDETAILSTAB

› Pacific Electric Red Cars Of the rail lines created at the turn of the 20th century, in order to build interurban links through Southern California communities around metropolitan Los Angeles, the Pacific Electric grew to be the most prominent of all. The Pacific Electric Railway is synonymous with Henry Edwards Huntington, the capitalist with many decades of railroad experience, who formed the P. E. and expanded it as principal owner for nearly its first decade. Huntington sold his PE holdings to the giant Southern Pacific Railroad in 1910, and the following year the SP absorbed nearly every electric line in the fourcounty area around Los Angeles in the Great Merger into a new Pacific Electric. Founded in 1901 and terminated in 1965, Pacific Electric was known as the World s Great Interurban. “ HTTPS://LS2PAC.LAPL.ORG/?SECTION=RESOURCE&RESOURCEID=37865838&CURRENTINDEX=0&VIEW=FULLDETAILSDETAILSTAB

› Los Angeles County Metro Transit Authority Library Archive The federal highway building program was making rail transit harder and harder to operate in LA as those freeway routes cut across rail lines and bus lines replaced them. The monorail plans of LAMTA were generating public controversy just as they were dismantling the last 8 rails lines and 2 electric trolley bus lines. The last trains ran in 1963. LA was bus only transit after that. The 1960 artist conceptual drawing plan. HTTP://LIBRARYARCHIVES.METRO.NET/DPGTL/LAMTA/1960_AUG26_COMPARATIVE_ANALYSIS_RAPID_TRANSIT_SYSTEM.PDF

› Family tree of LA Metro Interactive and visual way of showing the history of Metro LA. How it went from being several different private rail companies to one large public entity. HTTP://WWW.PEOPLEPLOTR.COM/PLOT/ENTRY/10814/LOS-ANGELES-TRANSIT-AGENCIES/

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Psychology of Riders › Straphanger : saving our cities and ourselves from the automobile With the rising cost and dwindling supply of petroleum, soon well all be straphangers-that is, users of public transportation, which is undoubtedly underfunded but rescued here from its bad rap as a noisy, dirty means of conveyance limited to the not-so-rich. Grescoe (Bottomfeeder) offers a global survey of this efficient, world-smart way to go. Don’t overlook, even if you’re far from buses or subways; they’re the future. HTTPS://LS2PAC.LAPL.ORG/?SECTION=RESOURCE&RESOURCEID=488313423&CURRENTINDEX=0&VIEW=FULLDETAILSDETAILSTAB

› My kind of transit : rethinking public transportation in America In My Kind of Transit, Darrin Nordahl argues that like life itself, transportation isn’t only about the destination, but the journey. Public transit reduces traffic and pollution, yet few of us are willing to get out of our cars and onto subways and buses. But Nordahl demonstrates that when using public transit is an enjoyable experience, tourists and commuters alike willingly hand in their keys. My Kind of Transit an animated tour of successful transportation systems, offering smart, commonsense analysis of what makes transit fun. Nordahl draws on examples like the iconic street cars of New Orleans and the picturesque cable cars in San Francisco, describing universal principles of good transit design. His humanistic treatment will help planners, designers, transportation professionals, and policymakers create transit systems the public actually wants to ride. HTTPS://LS2PAC.LAPL.ORG/?SECTION=RESOURCE&RESOURCEID=39586642&CURRENTINDEX=0&VIEW=FULLDETAILSDETAILSTAB

Data Related to the Automobile › US Department of Transportation Statistics on driving related research which include environmental impact, safety, as well as other related figures HTTPS://WWW.DOT.GOV

› California Department of Motor Vehicles The California DMV has the most accurate data for California driving. As the official issuer of licenses in this state, it has the most significant data that is concentrated in this state. HTTPS://WWW.DMV.CA.GOV/

› The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety Data revealing ridership plus safety data within the roads of the United States. HTTPS://WWW.IIHS.ORG

› Transportation and the New Generation Academic Study lead by Benjamin Davis, Tony Dutzik, and The Frontier Group to which notes Why Young People Are Driving Less and What It Means for Transportation Policy. HTTPS://USPIRG.ORG/SITES/PIRG/FILES/REPORTS/TRANSPORTATION%20&%20THE%20NEW%20GENERATION%20VUS_0.PDF

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CITATION

Credits Special thank you to everyone who contributed towards the creation of this project. Without the support of my fellow colleagues, friends, and chosen family, this project would not be possible.

Video & Content Creation Amir Ljuljanovic

Main Character Actor

Eduardo Paz

Friend Actor #1

Jose Florentino

Friend Actor #2

Research Development Eduardo Paz

Focused Study Subject

Ojen Kasabian

Focused Study Subject #2

Matthew Barrett

Director, Transportation Research Library. LACMTA

Special Thank you ArtCenter College of Design All survey participants

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