Sam Westbrook
YEAR 5
MAY 2012
Design Report One: Architecture as Urban Catalyst
#1
T
able of Contents
Introductions
04
Cultural Context 1, Semester 1 Courtyard Housing, a catalysts for Eco-Cities. Semester One, Unit proposition and response. Semester One, Design Statement and Narrative.
06 06 10 12
Cultural Context 2, Semester 1 The tourist Trap
14 14
Cultural Context 1, Semester 2 Housing the Masses, Learning from Berlin Semester Two, Unit proposition and response
16 16 18
Cultural Context 2, Semester 1 Dissertation Housing the masses learning from Berlin
20 20 22
Design and Communication Semester One and Two
24 24
Technology and Environment 30 CCCP: Fez a cultural, climatic and technological response 30 Management and Law Professional Studies
32 32
MSA Events Month Manchester in Motion
34 34
Conclusion
See back cover
Sam Westbrook / ‘Architecture as urban catalyst’
Manchester School Of Architecture:
Architecture As urban Catalyst.
Fez Medina 2011.
6 Design Report One / Year 5 / May 2012
“The
‘Architecture as Urban Catalyst’ studio unit centres on the experimentation and understanding of the different shapes architecture can take in order to function as an urban catalyst. The overall aim of the studio is to become a place for testing the notion of catalyst in different geographical, methodological and thematic settings” Dr. Isabelle Doucet, Griff Evans & Magda Sibley.
Introductions
AAUC Unit & Semester One & Two introductions
1. Courtyard Housing and Fes
2. “Housing the Masses: Learning from Berlin”
Semester one explored the design and development of courtyard housing in North African cities, focusing largely on the Moroccan city of Fes. The semester was split into two parts, the first consisting of a detailed analysis of texts and traditional North African housing typologies, exploring the vernacular and cultural features that exist within the unique style of Architecture. A particular feature explored was the use of the courtyard, both for its functional and cultural significance. The courtyard was also considered as a design feature in contemporary residential architecture, a case study was analysed in groups, again exploring its functional application.
Semester two continued the theme of housing and focused on the German city of Berlin. The aim of the semester was to explore and research past housing typologies designed and constructed in Berlin, and use any learning’s to influence the design of a scheme in a chosen site within modern day Manchester.
The second part of the first semester was a design exercise, whereby adopting the concept of ‘architecture as urban catalysts’, a design was conceived and influenced by earlier analysis and an increased understanding of the cultural situation. The design was to consider the notion of an urban catalyst.
Berlin was chosen as a case study city for the unit due to its rich history, as over the years the city has been seen as a testing ground for new housing typologies both historic and contemporary. Trough a design and research approach, we were asked to analyse, test and explore urban typologies in an attempt to further explore the concepts of ‘Architecture as Urban Catalyst’. During the process various user groups and types of accommodation were considered including, social housing, private gentrified properties and student accommodation.
Sam Westbrook / ‘Architecture as urban catalyst’
Traditional Moroccan Courtyard house.
8 Design Report One / Year 5 / May 2012
Cultural Context. 1
Semester One: Courtyard Housing, a catalyst for Eco- Cities
As mentioned in my earlier introduction of the units, Semester One was largely concerned with courtyard housing, and its dominance in North African cities. As part of the semester we looked closely at purpose of the courtyard, exploring its functional, environmental and cultural importance. We also considered how the concept of courtyard has been used and interpreted in architectural design around the world, and analysing the benefits that can be seen through its application. History, Culture & Context North African cities given their unique positioning in relation the equator can experience extreme weather systems and hostile climatic conditions. The design, composition and density of their cities, including the Moroccan city of Fez, are built out of necessity rather than out of choice. The urban environments are built in response to the climate, and work with it to create urban environments that are comfortable, functional and in line with religious and cultural beliefs. Through the semester we learnt a great deal regarding the cultural significance of the courtyard house, and how it is as much a ways of life as it is a climatic response, as mentioned previously. The courtyard, at the centre, plays a key role in maintaining the balance of the household, through defining the public and private, male and female and inclusive and exclusive zones of the house. The introverted nature of the
households further reflects the cultural and climatic characteristics of the context. A study trip to Fez in the early stages of the year proved to be an extremely valuable resource in understanding how North African cities function as communities and districts. We gained first hand experience of the way people conduct their daily lives, and the role architecture plays in facilitating their activities. It became apparent through analysis and research that cities such as Fez are largely selfsufficient, and operate in systematic manner, built on trade, services and resources. For example food is prepared locally along with goods such as crafts, furniture, clothing etc, and is then sold or exchanged locally. It is due to circular processes like these that many of the ancient cities have survived. However this organic cycle in recent years as suffered as a result of a number of external influences and attitudinal changes. Influences As many western countries and their cities have developed over the past couple of decades, with considerable advancements in technology, materials, skills and construction techniques, North African cities, such as the Ancient city of Fez, have carried on in much the same way as they have for hundreds of years. However in recent years, new cities have begun to develop and be constructed on the outskirts of their ancient counterparts. With these new cities, comes the influences of western civilisations, such as white goods, Sam Westbrook / ‘Architecture as urban catalyst’
Left: Traditional Moroccan mosaic.
televisions and fast food. As new generations have grown up, and with the influence of the new cities, their attitudes have begun to change and move away from traditional beliefs and ideologies. This shift in attitude can be seen to have an effect on how the ancient Medina of Fez operates. With good and services available outside the walls of the city, and with new villas and houses being constructed, the ancient cities are suffering from neglect, with homes abandoned, and with businesses suffering due to lack of demand. The organic cycle and the balance of the Medina has been heavily effected. However the positive influences of tourism and foreign property owners does provide an opportunity for sustainability. Thousands of tourists and travellers visit Morocco every year, as the country has for a long time been associated with high quality craft and furniture, with extremely skilled craftsmen responsible. It is well known that tourism is good source of income, and provides jobs and business opportunities for locals. As well as the increase in tourism, Fez has seen an influx of foreigners buying and renovating property, for both personal use and for business opportunities, many providing accommodation for tourists. For the median of Fez and other North African cities to survive, it is important that they are both lived and worked in, as this will allow them be operate sustainably, maintaining properties and infrastructures.
Traditional Courtyard House models. The photo above show a physical Model built by my self and my group partner Bryn Lee. The sectional model presents the interior spaces, and highlights the courtyards as the centre of the household. Sam Westbrook / ‘Architecture as urban catalyst’
Contemporary Courtyard House models. The model above is a contemporary take on a the courtyard house, designed and constructed in Sydney, Australia. The sectional model again describes the relationship of interior and exterior spaces and the courtyard. Both models were built as part of a wider analysis.
12 Design Report One / Year 5 / May 2012
Cultural Context. 1
AAUC Unit: proposition and personal response
Semester One: Unit proposition and Response:
Semester One: Personal proposition and Response:
Theoretical Position.
Capitalising on Tourism as an urban Catalyst.
The unit as ‘Architecture as Urban Catalysts’ looked to explore how architecture could have an effect on the unique environment of the Fez Median, exploring its application and implications. The unit encouraged design development through research and experimentation. Considering the historical and cultural past of the Medina whilst adopting contemporary, unique and diverse design solutions and ideas in an attempt to meet the brief and provide some form of catalytic architecture within the Medina.
When considering the Unit Title, project brief and the many unique characteristic of the Fez Medina, my initial response was to explore the influences and benefits of tourism, and how it could be used as a positive catalyst for development and economic growth.
Brief. The original brief for the project was to design a cluster of low-rise houses, exploring density and themes such as inside and outside, public and private & scale and orientation. The brief was later adapted to an urban intervention that would have a catalytic impact on the Median, whilst housing could still be at the heart of the projects it was not a necessity, in some ways the project became about how a courtyard could be adapted and reused in a contemporary design. The focus of the design was open to interpretation but was to explore and experiment with how people use and interpret space, and how it could function at the micro and macro scales, assessing and speculating the possible impact any intervention may have on the Median and its infrastructures. Designs were to challenge distinctions between environments, place and scale whilst remaining sympathetic to the context both physically and culturally.
As established through site analysis and a four day study trip, it was clear that the ancient Medina of Fez had always been a market town, were trade and business helped to sustain the Median’s economy and infrastructures. It was also apparent that new influences from western societies were having a negative effect, as new ‘modern’ towns developed outside the ancient walls, and people’s attitudes towards the Medina changed, especially within the younger generations. My theoretical position for the project was one that explored using tourism as a positive; where by the introduction of new destinations, spectacles and markets would increase tourist footfall, and in turn benefit the local economy. Secondary benefits would be new and increased infrastructures that tap directly into the benefits of tourism, increased jobs for local and skilled craftsman, chefs and businessmen and ultimately have a catalytic impact on the local environment through increased maintenance and care of properties, as the local area benefits financially and commercially. The position adopted attempts to use the external influences that have been seen to have a negative impact on the Median, and turn them into positives, capitalising on increased tourism and foreign influences in a way that can help maintain the Median and its historical past. Sam Westbrook / ‘Architecture as urban catalyst’
Semester One: Context model
14 Design Report One / Year 5 / May 2012
Cultural Context. 2 Semester One: Design Statement and Narrative.
Narrative.
Program.
Rue Guernz, was the chosen site for the semester one project, and is locate in the heart of the Fez Medina.
The Labyrinth
Currently in a state of disrepair, the largely residential district is suffering from neglect and abandonment, with many of the traditional courtyard houses left empty and in risk of collapse, in some case supported by make shift scaffolding. As a whole Fez and especially the Medina has been renowned globally for its Arts and Crafts, noted for the quality and specialism of the works produced. The craft men and woman of the Median are considered to be experts in their field, producing fine fabrics, high quality leather, ornate carvings and beautiful metal sculptures, furniture and household goods. Fez is visited every year by travellers and tourist alike, drawn to the city in search of artefacts to return home with. As with many Cities in the world, Fez in part relies on tourism to maintain its economy, increasingly so as locals choose to leave the Medina in search of life in the new cities. For this project I decided to work with the concept of tourism as a catalyst for boosting an areas economy, bringing money into the district with the long term aim of increased renovation and the continued development of the area.
The labyrinth, is a retail zone were tourist can come to buy locally produced goods, crafts and art work. They will be guided through the ground floor plan of the traditional courtyard houses that make up the existing cluster of buildings, re-configured the new transitional route will move the user from one Courtyard to the other passing by boutique shops and market stools, were they will be given the opportunity to purchase goods, whilst admiring the traditional courtyards and interiors. Movement through the Labyrinth will follow a specific path, starting at one point and culminating at another. The internal layout of shops and stalls will organized around the nature of the products sold, clustering those similar together. Medina Point Medina Point will be a tower that will grow out of one of the larger courtyards, the tower will provide a vertical element of movement that will culminate at the end of the Labyrinths route, tourist will then be presented with spectacular views across the median, a number of platform levels will be available offering various views.
This will involve multiple programs, including catering services through restaurants, retail through shops and market stools and an observation tower, a destination and spectacle were visitors can be elevated above the Medina to take in the views, views they would otherwise never witness.
Sam Westbrook / ‘Architecture as urban catalyst’
The Tourist Trap! Rue Guernz Fez, Morocco.
+ Tourists
=
Shopping
Narrative:
Money
Rue Guernz, is locate in the heart of the Fez Medina. Currently in a state of disrepair the largely residential district is becoming less and less inhabited, with many of the traditional houses empty and in risk of collapse, in some case supported by make shift scaffolding.. As a whole Fez and especially the Medina has been renowned globally or it Art and Craft Work, noted for the quality and specialism of the works produced. The craft men and woman of the Median are considered to be experts in their field, producing fine fabrics, high quality leather, ornate carvings and beautiful metal sculptures, furniture and household goods. Fez is visited every year by travellers and tourist alike, drawn to the city in search of the craft mentioned. As with many Cities in the world, and more locally Marrakesh, Fez in part relies on tourism to maintain its economy as tourist bring money to their destinations, with hope of buying traditional goods, services and food.
Medina point
Tourist observation tower Views of the city
Tourist Information
The Labyrinth The Tourist Traditional Food
Metal Work and Crafts
For this project I have decide to work with the concept of tourism as a catalyst for boosting an areas economy, bringing money into the district with the long term aim of renovation and continued development of the area. This will involve multiple programs, including catering services through restaurants, retail through shops and market stools and observation tower were visitors can be elevated above the Medina to take in
the views.
High quality fabrics, made from traditional techniques
Program:
Tanneries and Leather goods
The Labyrinth The labyrinth, will be a retail zone were tourist can come to buy locally produced goods, crafts and art work. They will be guided through the ground floor plan of the traditional courtyard houses that make up the existing cluster of buildings, re-configured the new transitional route will move the user from one Courtyard to the other passing by boutique shops and market stools, were they will be give the opportunity to purchase goods, whilst admiring the traditional courtyards and interiors. Movement through the Labyrinth will follow a specific path, starting at one point and culminating at another. The internal layout of shops and stalls will organized around the nature of the products sold, clustering those similar together. Medina Point Medina Point will be a tower that will grow out of one of the larger courtyards, the tower will provide a vertical element of movement that will culminate at the end of the Labyrinths route, tourist will then be presented with spectacular views across the median, a number of platform levels will be available offering various views.
Top: The Labyrinth Bottom: Median Point
Labryinth Map
Labyrinth Map 1. Cafe Labyrinth 2. The Fabric Quarter 3. The Metal Quarter 4. The Leather Quarter 5. Tourist Information Centre
The Labyrinth, and the internal configuration will be geared towards directing the visiter through in a specific path, delivering them to a final destination, in this Case, Medina Point an opportunity for tourist to gain a rare glimpse of the Median from above roof level. The Labyrinth will become a tourist attraction advertised in visitor brochures and online. The map to the left is meant to represent a shopping centre map, it helps to articulate the layout of the spaces.
Access to Medina Point For Great views of the Medina and beyond why not Visit the Medina Point located within the Labyrinth.
The Labyrinth is organised so to guide the user through the internal spaces, and is organised around connecting the key five courtyards within the site. The aim is to bring the once private spaces into the public realm.
The Medina Point.
Views
The Concept behind the Labyrinth is to create a “ Tourist Trap� were tourist will be drawn to, were they can purchase crafts and goods produced locally within the Medina. As an addition to Labyrinth Shopping centre, The Medina Point is another element to the Tourist trap, it offers tourists an opportunity to see views of the Medina they would not ordinarily be able to. It adds a vertical element of movement through the site, and draws users through, enticing them to the area.
16 Design Report One / Year 5 / May 2012
Cultural Context. 2 Semester One: ‘The tourist Trap’
Environment, place and scale.
Critical Judgments.
When considering the design for the first semester projects, it was important to be mindful of context and heritage, as the Median is unique environment built on 1000’s of years of traditional and religious beliefs.
The key feature in the design process and as described previously was to adapt and re-use elements and spaces of the Medina that were suffering from neglect and abandonment/ disrepair. Whilst context and culture were to be key drivers in the design process, I was equally interested in challenging tradition, and introducing bold design statements into the Median, in this case through the erection of a 16meter viewing tower. The decision was an attempt to attract tourist through offering a sceptical and a destination. Similar principles are found in cities all around the world, were a piece of Architecture goes against tradition and vernacular, but provides a statement and attracts publicity, for example the construction of the shard in London, UK.
The key concept in my design, was to adapt and re-use, maintaining the scale of the immediate context, and retaining the contextual characteristics of the site. At ground level I attempted to keep my design in line with the existing scale, whilst manipulating the environment in a way that would alter peoples perceptions and use of space. The concept of the ‘Labyrinth’, described in my earlier design statement, was to challenge the introverted nature of the houses found in the Median, changing once private residential courtyards into public spaces, in doing so offering a unique opportunity for tourist to experience the traditional courtyards and their decoration. The second element of the design was a more expressive statement. Medina point is semi-permanent viewing tower that elevates users above the roofline of the Median offering views across the city and out into the winder context. The scale of the tower was to go against the scale of the Medina its self and provide a striking contrast to the tradition of the vernacular, a bold statement that hints towards a contemporary move in architectural styles. Due to the proposed programmes and semi permanent nature of the interventions installed the impact on the immediate environment would hopefully be minimal, whilst having a wider effect through attraction as a destination, acting as a catalyst for the area.
Whilst the concept was strong its practical application was possibly not so successful. The detailing and design of the intervention could have been more sympathetic to the immediate context, and issues such as the privacy of neighbouring properties should have been considered more and not overlooked. Contemporary context. I found the process of designing in an environment such as the Fes Medina extremely challenging. The rich cultural and vernacular nature of the existing environments makes it difficult to design a piece of contemporary architecture that can remain sympathetic to its context. My final design suffered as a result of a lack in appropriate precedent, which proved hard to come by. Whilst my design can be criticised due to its shortcoming with regards to its response the immediate context and vernacular, I do however believe there is appropriateness in challenging an environment and offering alternatives to tradition.
Sam Westbrook / ‘Architecture as urban catalyst’
The Medina Point. Medina Point elevates tourists above the roof level of the streets providing fantastic views of the Medina. The Structure grows out of the courtyard below, on the way up it allows the user to exit at various platforms offering a number of views in various directions. At one level the user can exit on to the roof top of the adjacent building, makinig use of its space and views
The structure relies on neighbouring buildings for structural support, but should help to stabilize surrounding buildings reducing the risk of collapse
18 Design Report One / Year 5 / May 2012
Cultural Context. 1
Semester Two: Housing the Masses, Learning from Berlin.
Semester Two similar to Semester One focused on Housing, in particular ways of housing the Masses. The aim of the semesters project was to explore urban typologies and prototypes, and learn from past urban models, focusing on Berlin as precedent.
History, culture and context
The studio consisted of exploring typologies through weekly exercises, analysing and studying past prototypes and urban housing models. Berlin was chosen as a precedent due to its history and reputation as testing ground for housing experiments. Through the process of an ‘Active Archive’ we recorded all research and experimentation, and built a portfolio of ideas and personal experiments, these along with lessons learnt were adopted to sites in Manchester. The aim of the project was not to culminate in a finalized design, but to test and experiment with a variety of concept and ideas, the final portfolio would be the process, not a final and definitive design.
The 19th Century Mietskaserne, The Inter-war siedlungen And the Post-war Trabantenstaedte
Through the process of research and testing, we were asked to explore how architecture could act as a catalyst, each week exploring and considering different and varied interventions. Themes explored throughout the Semester included public versus private, integration versus separation, whilst looking at architectural elements such as, public hallways, courtyards, balconies, and the organisation of individual dwellings in relation to internal and external public and private zones.
The weekly tasks looked at three periods of Berlin’s urban history, and the typologies of their time, including:
Also considered within the task were the user groups for whom we were designing, again an option of three was available, either of which could be considered at any time during the tasks. The demographics include: Middle-class gentrified Students And those living in Social housing Each of the three outlined user groups inhabit and use space in variety of manners, the purpose of the tasks was to explore each and consider appropriate design proposals, that would meet the cultural and contextual needs of the user groups. The findings of our research were to be applied to sites located within in modern day Manchester. We were given two sites on which to base our designs, a Quasi-urban site Sam Westbrook / ‘Architecture as urban catalyst’
Top: Berlin Mietskaserne tenement housing. Bottom: Manchester Terrace, Anita Street.
located in New Islington, a vacant plot of land once designated for the site of the ‘Tutti Frutti’ project, which failed to go ahead, and a QuasiSuburban site located in Chorlton, a suburban village located some 5 miles outside of the city centre. Influences Inner city and suburban locations are affected by a number of influences; it is these influences that affect the appropriateness of one design over another. For example a site and the designs proposed for it are affected by the cultural situations and contextual characteristics. Equally the user group for which you are designing has an affect on a design proposal, as again cultural variations, and user behavior will differ from one demographic to another. In the case of Manchester and the two sites provided, the history of each has had an affect on their context today. The inner city site of New Islington, chosen as my main site for consideration, has changed drastically overt the years. Located in the Great Ancoats district, the site used to be dominated by terrace housing and factories with the terrace houses providing accommodation for the factory workers and their families. Following the decline of the industry and with many if not all of the factories closing down, the terrace houses also disappeared. New Islington and the surrounding area is now better known for its new private tower blocks and its factories conversions, which provide contemporary apartments for city workers. The site however is also associated with high levels of social housing, located to the rear of the site as you move away from the centre, this creates a unique environment were two typologies meet, social and private housing. The return of city centre living and the rapid development of private housing, largely in the form of apartment blocks, in such close proximity to areas of social housing can be seen to create conflicts as the two contrasting demographics clash. Issues and concerns include urban safety and crime which are both topics of great debate when it comes to the design of residential architecture in an urban context. These became themes that were explored through both my studio work and my dissertation which will be discussed later. Through this unit and the semester I began to explore how the design of urban typologies past and present, influenced through our learning from Berlin can effect how environments work, through the organisation and composition of space, dwellings and architectural elements.
20 Design Report One / Year 5 / May 2012
Cultural Context. 1
AAUC Unit: proposition and personal response
Semester Two: Unit proposition and Response Theoretical Position. In semester two, ‘Architecture as Urban Catalyst’ looked to Berlin for inspiration. The unit encouraged the research and experimentation of concepts, typologies, theories and ideas. Theoretically the semester aimed to develop design proposals that were influenced and informed by research carried out, typologically, historically, theoretically, and reflectively. It was intended that the process would be the project and not the final product. The backbone of the theoretical position is to use history as a driver for design, understanding past typologies both successful and unsuccessful to influence design and understanding in the subject of housing, and in particular housing the masses. Analysing typologies such as the nineteenth century Mietskaserne, and its courtyard composition and internal arrangement of spaces, public and private, allowed us to develop greater understanding of how culture, class and context affect design. A series of lectures presented by the course leader, Dr. Isabelle Doucet, provided a further insight into the historical significance of housing development in Berlin, and how it changed with the times, and through significant periods in the cities history. Brief. The brief was largely open to interpretation, and was to be guided by personal research interests and design directions. Depending on individual design focuses, work was to be presented through conceptual drawings, diagrams, texts, typological studies, and through model and sketch making. The way work was presented was integral to representing the research processes. Sam Westbrook / ‘Architecture as urban catalyst’
Left: Prototype and typology study
Semester Two: Personal proposition and Response Safety and Wellbeing in the Modern Urban Environment. Whilst analysing the housing typologies presented to us during the semester, include those taken from Berlin during the three periods of historical significance as presented by our tutors, we each began to develop our own areas of interest as a result of our individual design research. After researching a number of housing typologies and models for residential design in and urban context, and after reading Oscar Newman’s ‘Defensible Space: People and design in the violent city’ I became increasingly interested in concepts around urban safety and the design of residential architecture. When considering the rapid increase of residential developments in close proximity to Manchester’s city centre, and with the shift in the return of city living, it is clear that the design of residential architecture has a direct impact on the environments they create, internally and externally. From this point on my research began to consider a variety of urban prototypes, all of which considered their direct impact at the macro scale and in some cases at the micro. I also conduct further research into the theories of a number of authors, such as Bill Hillier’s and his concepts of space syntax, outlined in ‘Space is the Machine’, as well as guidance published by the association of chief police officers with regards to the initiative ‘secured by design’. My research method became one of testing design ideas and concepts against theories presented through my research. This research later formed the basis for my Dissertation where I conducted further research into the safe and secure design of residential architecture, design that provides inhabitants with the safety and sense of reassurance required to relieve feelings of paranoia and vulnerability to crime. My design research for this semesters project began to run along side my investigations for my dissertation. My research, like Newman’s focused on the design of social housing, for which I used the inner city New Islington site, as its tabular rasa characteristics would allow me to consider a less contextual design approach in an attempt to experiment more with radical urban forms. My theoretical position was based on using configurational design to provide the safest urban environments, a position influenced through Newman’s ‘Natural surveillance’ and Hillier’s ‘virtual community’, ‘co-presence’ and ‘co-awareness’. I used the terrace house as a starting point for my experimentation, interpreting and manipulated its basic principles, in an attempt to draw on its benefits in the creation of safe environments.
22 Design Report One / Year 5 / May 2012
Cultural Context. 2 Semester Two: Dissertation
The chosen topic for my dissertation had a strong influence on the direction of my studio project. Given the nature of studio where we were encouraged to conduct research, and as my interest in urban safety developed it seemed appropriate to run my dissertation research along side my studio project. I used theories and ideas gathered through my dissertation in my studio designs, where I would test them through model making, sketch making, and architectural drawings, and then analyse the environments they created. My dissertation in part focused on the modern day inner city apartment block, and also through a review of literature considered a number of housing models, or typologies, and their appropriateness in creating safe residential environments. This linked well with the studio unit in semester two were typology and design models were the focus of unit. Themes and theories by authors such as Oscar Newman and Bill Hillier were researched, experimented with and analyzed across both projects, studio and dissertation. With the cultural and contextual shift as explored through studio, and highlighted in my abstract to the right, it seemed an appropriate and timely for the study to be conducted. Largely the dissertation questions the design of new residential accommodation in the urban environment over the past decade and considers the effect it has on reducing crime, and relieving feelings of paranoia and fear of crime. Sam Westbrook / ‘Architecture as urban catalyst’
Abstract. The past 10 years have witnessed an increasing shift towards the return of city centre living, as large numbers of people moved back into our cities to live and work. As a result many cities have seen a rapid increase in the number of residential developments located in close proximity to their centres. With this influx of both population and urban development, major concerns have been aired over the impact this is having on criminal activity and the safety of residents. One such concern is over the quality of the environments created to house this increasing population, and whether the correct or appropriate precautions are employed to provide residents with safest accommodation possible, accommodation that makes them feel secure, without heightening feelings of vulnerability and paranoia. A review of literature highlighted a current debate over the police lead initiative ‘secured by design’, which since its introduction in the late 90’s has faced stiff criticism, particularly from architects and writers, with many criticising the scheme for the creation of ugly and lifeless environments. The criticisms, in some cases go beyond a concern purely for aesthetics, but question the effectiveness of the initiative itself, and its efficiency in creating safer environments. The results from the research conducted, showed a level of misunderstanding when it came to the police organised initiative, and proved its usefulness and successfulness as tool in the fight against crime. Whilst at the same time highlighting inconsistencies within the initiative itself, outlining where individual interpretations of its principles risk negatively impacting the effectiveness of the scheme when implemented in practice. Theories were expressed through the analysis of two selected case studies, chosen from Manchester’s city centre. Findings showed the failings in the design of environments that did not seek the guidance of the police force, whilst also highlighting areas of contention in buildings constructed in line with ‘secured by design’ standards, and provided reasons for why. The research reflects on the difficulties faced by private developers and the police force, in the successful application of such initiatives in the design of residential architecture.
Sam Westbrook Dissertation Abstract 2012: An investigation into safety, security and wellbeing in the urban residential environment
24 Design Report One / Year 5 / May 2012
Cultural Context. 2 Semester Two: Housing the Masses, Learning from Berlin
Environment, place and scale. The site I chose to focus my design research was the inner city site of New Islington, as this linked well with my dissertation topic and its focus of research. The ‘tabula rasa’ site provided a blank canvas on which to design, with very little in the way of surrounding context or vernacular architecture. The site however does have unique characteristics with regards to its location, positioned on the fringe of the city centre, sandwiched between privately owned new build apartment blocks, mostly constructed in the past ten years, and large estates of social housing, comprising of three or two story individual dwellings, the site suffers from a unique lack of distinction, both culturally and contextually. Focusing on social housing as a demographic, I wanted to experiment with space and composition in an attempt to test some of the theories researched through my dissertation, as well as the theories and typologies taken from our learning of Berlin. My starting point was to look at the terrace house, a dominant typology in Manchester’s housing history. I focused on terrace housing because of its association with the creation of safe environments, were a sense of community exists between residents, and where the street networks promote natural surveillance through co-presence and co-awarness.
Through my research I attempted to challenge the gated community as a typology, a model largely used in new private accommodation, were gates and security fences are erected around the perimeter of the buildings grounds removing it from its context and surrounding street network. My project soon became and experimentation of the ‘Street’, exploring how the composition and arrangement of architectural elements can affect an environment, and how through their manipulation, environments could change characteristically and functional. I explored how a ‘street’ could manifest itself into an environment, and become not only a transitional pathway, but a social playground, or a community facility. Whilst experimenting with the concepts of street, and the creating of public realms, I also considered how varying levels of privacy could be achieve, without the use of gates and fences. I began experimenting with alignment and positioning, and the creation of inclusive and exclusive zones. I discovered that by narrowing or widening paths of movement, or by manipulating roof height, I was able to create space with a variety of characteristics some enclosed and exclusive and others open and inclusive. My theoretical position became, that environment affects behaviour, and by changing the environment, behaviour can be changed too.
Sam Westbrook / ‘Architecture as urban catalyst’
The design focuses on the concept of the ‘street’, and through the adoption of principles outlined by Oscar Newman and Bill Hillier, attempts to create a safe urban environment through the physical design of the environment itself. Using social tools such as natural surveillance, co-presence and co-awareness its hoped that both residents and visitors will maintain the safety of the environment, through both active and passive policing. The composition and distribution of architectural elements across the site, helps to create a variety of conditions. The inclusive and public zone fronting the canal basin has been created through the opening of the environment, encouraging public activity through the creation of a public realm. To the rear of the site, in the location of family housing, the distribution of space and composition of buildings creates a more exclusive environment, were family can benefit from increased privacy. The development comprises of a variety of accommodation including two bed apartments, ground floor three bed apartments and maisonettes providing family accommodation. A pedestrianised public ‘street’ separates the accommodation from retail units located opposite. The ‘street’ maintains safety of the environment, through the creation of public realms and through the provision of natural surveillance. The manipulating of the streets path and varying topography attempts to create physical and symbolic hierarchies of space encouraging pedestrian movement in the inclusive public realms, and discouraging or reducing opportunity in the exclusive more private realms, Whilst at all times maintaining high levels of visual contact, achieved through composition.
Design Process, Key Features and Critical Decisions. The design process as explained previously was one of research and testing, combined with a process of recording and evaluating. My key design decisions were based on readings and the research of Authors concepts, and then testing their ideas in the context of the site and with the user group in mind. Critically my decision to explore urban safety was one that directed my design and research. Focusing on the relationship between the environment and the user, considering compositional order of public, private, inclusive and exclusive zones. And the creation and control of public realms The concepts and theories of Bill Hillier and the space syntax group became a strong influence within my design process, as their theories provide alternative solutions in urban safety, going against the popular and highly criticized gated community. In reflection my decision to explore urban safety and resident wellbeing was one that benefited me greatly, as it also aided in the writing of my dissertation. Limited by the short semester, and the time scale of the project, I would like to have explored
other themes. However I believe I was able to consider the topics and demographics suggested by the unit in my project overall and in some detail. Contemporary Context and Critical Judgments In terms of the contemporary relevance of the themes and issues explored throughout my project in semester two, I would argue there is a strong and current need for such research and experimentation. As my dissertation discusses in more detail, there is current and live debate amongst planners, architects and researchers over the best way of designing safe residential accommodation in an urban environment. This is a debate that has spanned many years, and explored by Authors such as Oscar Newman in the 70’s, and triggered the introduction of the police initiative ‘Secured by Design’ in the 1997. It is difficult to provide critical judgment of the work produced during semester two, as the aim was not to provide a finalized and definitive scheme. However given the nature and direction of my research I focused largely on the macro scale, working at planning level, rather than at a micro level, focusing on individual dwellings and spaces. I fell given more time; a closer synergy between micro and macro scales would provide a more coherent design.
26 Design Report One / Year 5 / May 2012
Design and Communication Semester One & Two
Brief Appraisals and Construction
Design Methodology
Due to the nature of the studio unit, and the focus on self directed research and experimentation the briefs provided for both semesters were largely open to interpretation.
With the year broken into two semesters and two separate and individual projects, two design methodologies were employed.
The focus of each semesters project was to work with the concept of ‘Architecture as urban catalyst’ and was to be demonstrated through the development of our own individual briefs.
Semester One.
Semester One: My devised brief for semester one, as outlined in my earlier description, was based around the principle of using tourism and architecture as a catalyst for boosting an economy and kick starting regeneration. This brief seemed to appropriate to the situation, as the Medina of Fez can be seen to be in a state of declining due to the influences of development and progression outside the ancient cities walls. By capitalizing on tourism, it provides an opportunity for sustaining the Medians infrastructure through adapting to the cultural situation, and embracing new industries and infrastructures. The brief in short, was to design and intervention that would act as a magnate for tourist, and provide a outlet for local craftsmen to sell goods produced from within the Medina. Semester Two: Semester two’s brief was particularly open ended as no final product would be produced. The brief however suggested the experimentation of ideas and concepts, which were to be influenced by research, analysis and the testing of ideas. The main focus of my self developed brief was to explore urban safety, through typological studies and research. And to provide and test design concepts that suite the are suitable for the use groups and the context.
The first semesters design methodology was one based on research and understanding. The first part of the semester was about understanding the characteristics of the traditional Moroccan courtyard house, our findings were to presented through model making and PowerPoint presentations and reports consisting of text and images. Final design proposals were to be developed and delivered in much the same way, through the use of concept models, sketches and texts. Semester Two: Semester two compared to semester one had a much stronger design methodology. The project was organized around the concept of an Active Archive, a process of testing, recording, evaluating and experimenting with design concepts. The semester was organized around three workshops and exercises. The exercises were constructed as design research, where we integrated different kinds of knowledge, typological, historical and reflective in a designerly manner, to inform our projects and experiment as they progressed. An ‘Active Archive’ was used to allow us to reflect on our designs as they developed, and build knowledge through the analysis and research of historic typologies and models for design. The philosophy behind the approach is that by testing and evaluating our ideas, we would learn from the mistakes we
Sam Westbrook / ‘Architecture as urban catalyst’
made, and by recording each step of the process we would build a narrative and an explanation of how we arrived at our later proposals, backed up by history and theory. The design and research process of looking at Berlin for inspiration and then researching the sites in Manchester and applying lessons learnt allowed for a design process that is both informed by past work, but is also routed in the appropriate context. The ‘active archive’ method relied on a number of techniques when it came to testing and developing ideas and design concepts, including model making, sketch making, architectural drawings and a verity of representation techniques from hand drawings to computer generated 3 Dimensional models. The key to the ‘Active Archive’ was to show a method, demonstrating a sequential design process, were ideas could be clearly represented to show their development. This in my case was largely achieved through sketch models and photography techniques, showing the process of design frame by frame. This method allowed me to provide evidence of a reflective process and show the relationship between the design intentions, the process used to realise them, the theoretical position and the
more finalized communication images. Model making, photography and plan annotation was used extensively through the design processes, and provided great opportunities for the quick testing of ideas and theories in the context of the project. As my design was largely concerned with configurational organization of architectural elements and buildings, to represent my design intentions I used models at a variety of scales, from the macro to the micro. By dealing at these various levels of detail and size, I was able to evaluate my design intentions and speculate their affect on the local and wider contexts. Communication images, were manipulated and presented in a way that sold the intended design intentions, again a combination of physical and computer generate models were used to present ideas. Critical reflection The design for semester two was generated through research, model making, architectural drawings and through the experimentation with philosophises and theories considered during my design research.
28 Design Report One / Year 5 / May 2012
URBAN PRO
SPACE CREATIO
PROTOTYPE ONE
The models on this page and t urban forms, each form explor both private and public. The sh heights in each model creates tions.
Prototype one, left and below, ers in a U-Shaped pattern, shi floor level. The U-Shaped configuration c at ground level, were a semi p
INTERPRE
SPACE SYNT
INTERPRETING T
The traditional street config regarded for its ability to pro
The models on this two pag configuration in an attempt safety and community feel o space, as well as public an
Design and Communication Continued
The images to the right show some examples of the way in which I presented my research and design development in my portfolio. The images generally follow a sequential process, demonstrating the development of ideas through testing and repatriation of themes.
INTERPRETATION OF THE TERRACE: INCLUSION, EXCLUSION, PRIVATE & PUBLIC
Top: The top image provides an example of how through the use of modelling I tested a number of urban prototypes, originally influenced from a selection of precedents. By using scale models and a location/site plan, I could quickly test themes and ideas which could potentially be developed further at a later stage. Middle and Bottom: The images following on form the top, show how the models in the image above have been taken on into plan form and developed further. At this stage the ideas were analysed against the concepts and principles of a number of theorist researched in both studio and through my dissertation, in this case exploring the concepts of space syntax, and evaluating their successfulness through diagramming and further modelling.
Sam Westbrook / ‘Architecture as urban catalyst’
STEP FIVE
STEP SIX
Step five consisted of further exploring the ideas of inclusion, exclusion, private and public. This time carefully considering the application of these ideas in strategic positions within the site, by doing so the site began to defined by its level of inclusion or exclusion. The front of the site on facing the canal basin has become a public space, almost a square, where the rear of the site has become more intimate and private, replicating a terrace street.
At stage six I had de all the elements prev site through the form composition to the re facilitate co - presenc
2.
N PROTOTYPE MODELS:
CREATION
YPE ONE
PROTOTYPE TWO
this page and those that follow represent various ach form explores the creation of space. Space, d public. The shifting of shape, volumes and model creates a different environment and condi-
This second prototype explores the concept of the street and the semi public courtyard. At ground level pedestrians move through a series of large semi enclosed courtyards linked through a linear pathway, broken only by two secondary passageways at right angles to the primary thoroughfare.
left and below, explores the idea of stacking layped pattern, shifting each layer back at the next
In section and elevation the configuration of layers allows for visual connections with the courtyard, in line with principles of urban safety and awareness, specifically concepts of space syntax, which will be discussed in more detail later in this document.
configuration creates an interesting environments , were a semi public space is created.
N
SITE PLAN @ 1:2500
N
SITE PLAN @ 1:2500
8.
TERPRETATION OF THE TERRACE: CONCEPT MODEL
CE SYNTAX: C0 -PRESENCE & CO -AWARENESS
As a result of the testing and manipulation of composition I created the form that can be seen on the right hand side. The model represents the idea of street and takes in to account both Co - Presence and C0 - awarness .
RETING THE TERRACE
nal street configuration of the terrace house has always been highly r its ability to provide a sense of community and Urban Safety.
on this two page spread explain how I have manipulated the traditional n in an attempt to create an dynamic environment that provides the ommunity feel of the traditional street whilst also providing community ell as public and private realms.
KEY THEMES. Space syntax talks of two key features that need to be present in the design of residential architecture, especially in the field of social housing, so as to maintain safety both for resident and the general public. 1. Co - Presence: In the theory of Co - Awareness, reassurance of safety is gained through the awareness of your neighbours. This achieved through visual contact between residents, mostly on the ground, traditionally the terrace street. This regular visual contact allows residents to recognise one another, and easily detect an intruder. 2. Co - Awareness: Co - Presence in short is the ability to see other residents or members of the public, through visual contact people feel comforted by the presence of other people. This is maintained by visual lines and the removal of sharp corners or blind junctions.
12.
EP SIX
ge six I had developed the form I wished to run with, it contains e elements previously discussed such as an inclusive front to the hrough the form of a public square, and a more intimate terrace osition to the rear. Long lines of site and building composition ate co - presence and co - awareness.
CONCEPT MODEL
Representing both the form and composition of buildings within the site, as well as expressing early concepts towards building heights, as determined by user group and type of dwelling.
30 Design Report One / Year 5 / May 2012
Top & Bottom: More developed concepts and ideas like in the images top and bottom, were still left with a level of abstractness. I wanted to present my ideas without being to definitive as they were still experiments and in the continuos process of testing and development, as encourage through the unit and the ‘Active Archive’ design methodology.
Sam Westbrook / ‘Architecture as urban catalyst’
STREETS IN THE SKY Image to the left provides an example of the elevation facing the street, allowing for the continued visual contact with the other residents.
SITE SECTION Section through the ‘Street’, exploring levels, boundaries and thresholds.
32 Design Report One / Year 5 / May 2012
Technology and Environment CCCP: Fez a cultural, climatic and technological response
The climate change college proposition unit (CCCP) tied in extremely well with our first semester project when studying and designing for the North African city of Fez, Morocco. Whilst the readings given to the year, including Lovelock’s Revenge of Gaia, related largely to western society and culture, we in our group, were able to make links with the issues discussed in the readings and relate them to the changing environment of Fez, and speculate as to why the issues were having such an effect. We aimed to demonstrate how the way western societies and models for living were impacting the traditional and the sustainable Eco-Culture that has existed in the Fez medina for 1,000s of years, and how in their search for modernity, they have begun to drastically change and inflicted lasting damage on their environment, which will be felt by the generations to come. We were also able to look at Fez, in terms of its environmental and climatic design. A cultural and vernacular style of architecture built out of necessity and in direct response to the climatic context. We examined how the design of the urban environment works in the creation of comfortable microclimates, both internally and externally. We also looked at how the model of the courtyard house, so widely used in arid countries for cooling and
solar shade, can be adapted in other climates. We considered how the design of the courtyard, with minor changes, could be used in cold climate such as Scandinavia, were the purpose of the courtyard switched from a solar protector to a solar collector, and a barrier against wind. The study trip from the first semester studio project, provided a first hand experience of the eco-systems and built environments that exist within the medina of fez, and allowed us to truly understand the networks and process involved in maintaining a comfortable climate, and way of life. We were also able to whiteness the effect western society is having on their way of life, the good and the bad. Guided tours of traditional courtyard houses, let us experience the internal and external environments created through their design and composition, and through the explanation of their construction and functional purpose gain an understanding of the construction methods and designs employed. The synthesis between the CCCP module and in particular the first semester project complemented each other well, and trough the research and analysis allowed use to really get to grips with context we were designing in, and understand the technologies, infrastructures and ways of life that existed in the unique environment of the fez Medina, Morocco.
Sam Westbrook / ‘Architecture as urban catalyst’
34 Design Report One / Year 5 / May 2012
Management Practice and Law Professional Studies: Year 5
Management practice and law Year 5 has been the first year we have undertaken a management practice and law module, and has built on the knowledge and experiences we have gained during our year out, when working in practice. The module covered a wide variety of topics, from contract documentation to planning and statutory approvals. The professional studies coursework, through adopting a fictional company and project, guided us through the RIBA work stages and asked us to complete tasks relating to each. The main areas of focus were: 1. The Appointment, and calculation of Architectural Fees
2. Planning Application, and listed buildings consents
Whilst the studio projects undertaken this year have not required the consideration of approvals or building regulation and have had no real client, it is possible to make links to where the tasks carried out in the professional studies unit would relate to out project, if they were to be constructed. For example the project and design produced in semester two, would have been heavily affected by building regulations, and due to its location in the Ancoats conservation area would have required approval from other bodies in line with conservation and heritage. Critical Reflection
3. The Building Regulations, and the process of gaining approval 4. Health and Safety & the Disabled Discrimination Act, and the responsibilities of the client and the architect in preparing the required documentation and precau tions.
required in taking a project from inception through to the approval for the commencement of works on site. The process has outlined the responsibilities of both the client and the Architect, or agent, and has grounded our studio units in the context of the professional world.
5. Project Management, and the project managers role and responsibilities 6. Contract and Procurement Options 7. Budget Costing and calculations. Through conducting the tasks outlined in the coursework brief, and through conducting the research necessary to complete them we have learnt a lot with regards to the processes
I personal feel that the professional studies unit and our studio project should have hade more synergy between them. The abstract nature of the studio projects means they are largely removed from the real world, were conceptual and experimental design are encouraged, practical considerations are largely sidelined. Whilst I believe its good practice to encourage creativity and experimentation, I feel more practical considerations may prepare us better for the professional world. In my eyes the professional studies unit has been the most valuable unit we have undertaken this year, as it really relates to the professional world and has begun to provide us with the knowledge we will require when practicing architecture as professionals following our sixth year studies and graduation. I believe this unit should be incorporated into the undergraduate degree as the information would have been ex-
Sam Westbrook / ‘Architecture as urban catalyst’
EXERCISE 1.A
Brooks West Architects Ltd. Architecture and Urbanism
Unit 22 the hub 27 Chapeltown Street, Manchester, M1 2BT Date:04/03/2012
To:
Manchester University Department of Estates. Mr Smith 101 Smith Street Manchester M1 7RN
Re:
Works to Fountain Court, Booth Street, Manchester: Fee proposal
Dear Mr Smith,
Please find included my proposal for Architectural services for the works regarding the re-design of Fountain Court, Booth Street, Manchester. Works to include the reconfiguration and refurbishment of internal layout across all floors as well as the relocation of existing entrance and re-instatements of original, at ground floor level.
Our fee proposal for architectural services is as follows: Fee for Architectural services:
£10,986.00
Note: Recoverable expenditures such as reprographics and travelling costs will be charged directly to the client as they are incurred.
Below is a break down of services we would provide should you formally appoint us as you acting Architect, and makes reference to the RIBA work stages. RIBA Stage A-B (Appraisals and design Brief)
25 hours
In the early stage of process we will conduct a detailed site survey and initial feasibility study, and help in the preparation of the project brief, discussing your requirements in person. Tasks: • • •
Site Survey Feasibility study Brief Preparation
36 Design Report One / Year 5 / May 2012
MSA Events Month 2012 Manchester In Motion_An architectural exploration of digital media Abstract We have entered the Age where digital media techniques are a vital attribute in an Architect’s repertoire. This event will be based on utilising this skill by displaying an intervention or ‘spectacle’ in an urban setting in Manchester. Literature influenced for this event and very much recommended include Kevin Lynch’s Image of City and Francois Penz’s Architect’s of Illusion. Outcomes and Aims To promote an abstract and creative response of urban space through digital media by imaginatively interacting with the space and the public, thus creating a spectacle or an ‘experience.’ To analyse and reinterpret the narrative embodied in urban space. To think innovatively how to create an urban intervention and how that can be present in a digital media format. To develop media skills and presentational techniques. Event will culminate in digital media presentations showing interventions in central Manchester. Team: Samuel D. W. Westbrook, Bryn T. Lee, Benjamin T. Hale, Robert J. Rostron Sam Westbrook / ‘Architecture as urban catalyst’
Events Month / 2012
38 Design Report One / Year 5 / May 2012
Event Month 2012 Manchester In Motion: An event run as part of the msa events month programme.
Manchester in motion was a unit created between my self, and three other unit members for the MSA events month program. During events month first and second year MSA students enroll on a unit run by the fifth year students, the program provides synergy across the school, allowing the more advanced student to act as tutors to the younger years. The original brief for ‘Manchester in Motion’ was to encourage students to explore Manchester in a way they previously had not, capturing their findings in Video, or through a range of other digital media techniques. Students were required to capture a unique and diverse range of footage, dependent on their particular areas of interest, in essence they had to present their interpretations of the city, and what they felt to be the catalytic characteristics, in much the same way we were require to in ‘Architecture as urban Catalyst’. Key themes to explore were retail and representation, student were encouraged to consider how the design of architecture in areas of high retail activity were designed to
manipulate peoples perceptions and use of space. Manchester Arndale: A live project In the second session, in the first week of the program we were approached as a group by the Manchester Arndale centre, to provide some form of architectural intervention in a space described as the ’24 Hour corridor’. This changed the direction of the event month and affected the original lesson plan and schedule devised in our group. However provided a great opportunity for the students to be involved in a live project and gain experience in pitching to a real client, with a real budget. Although the direction of the overall brief had changed we still encouraged student to explore a variety of digital media techniques, both in how they present their ideas to the Arndale panel and within the installations themselves. Sam Westbrook / ‘Architecture as urban catalyst’
Whilst some reading were given to the students, a process of self research was key, as we wanted the student to come up with their own, and original standpoints. Budget, technology and feasibility Although there was a un-disclosed budget for the project set aside by the Arndale, we encouraged student to design without any consideration as to how much their proposals would cost as we wanted them to be as creative as possible without being concerned about cost at this early stage. However to provide the design with some form of realistic grounding, we encouraged the students to research and present the technologies required for their insulations, intervention of design to be conceived, and asked them to reflect on their feasibility, in doing so, when presented to the Arndale panel they would be able to asses the drawbacks or positives in the schemes presented. Pitch and Presentation
At this stage we adapted the brief to consider and question consumerism and the notion of shopping centre design, and how through the design of space, configurationally and aesthetically is shoppers are manipulated and seduced by their environments. The intervention would now be an attempt at changing the attitudes and behaviours of shoppers, and in most of the concepts devised by student would have some form of interactive element, designed to encourage social interaction between he end user.
The most valuable aspect of the event month for all the students involved, and for which we received great feedback, was the opportunity to present their schemes to a real client with a real budget. Many if not all the students had never been required to do so, as they have had no experience in the professional environment. Within the pitch and as described earlier, we asked the students not only to present their final ideas and images, but also to explain and represent their design process, and theoretical standpoints. This allowed the panel to really understand where their ideas had come from and their intentions, some student even provided precedents of past similar project, and these were really good in selling their schemes.
‘Active Archive’
Personal contribution and reflection
Through out the duration of the event month, in much the same way as in our own studio unit, we asked the student to keep an ‘Active Archive’ recording every step of the processes taken to arrive at their final presentation boards and pitch. This ‘Active Archive’ then allowed the students to present their works, and provide evidence as to how they were developed, and the steps taken and design intentions employed along the way. In the end it the process and how it had been presented and recorded was as important as the final product, we really encouraged the students to present a coherent thought process, as this is what they would be marked on the most.
Throughout the process as a group of four, we each were involved in the running of the 8 sessions, presenting our own ideas, techniques and providing critical but constructive feedback on the works presented. The brief for the unit was also constructed as a group.
A you tube channel and a drop box folder were created, were students could upload their work, to share ideas and help keep track of the processes, work is then linked back to our ‘Architecture as Urban Catalyst’ blog. Theory, research and testing Students were required to constructed their concepts and ideas with some form of theoretical framework, based on their own individual research, readings and experimentation with ideas.
I became the coordinator for the event in terms of dealing with the client, and other parties involved, arranging times for meeting and keeping the student up to date with the direction of the unit, through managing e-mails. Overall I feel the unit was run well, and on the hole participation and attendance by the students was high, however I feel the timing of the event was not best suited to the second year students as they were all very concerned with the impending deadlines, this effected their attendance and the level of work participated in their groups. Whilst the direction of the original brief and the schedule for the event was disrupted by the introduction of the Arndale, I feel the experiences gained were invaluable to the students and suited the original brief quite well. I would hope the student would have positive feedback for the unit.
Sam Westbrook / ‘Architecture as urban catalyst’
Manchester School Of Architecture:
Architecture As urban Catalyst.
Fez 201
Conclusion Over the past year we have covered a variety of topics and modules. Focusing on both professional studies, in an attempt to prepare us with he knowledge required in the professional environment, and studio work were have been encouraged to test research and evaluate the design decisions we make, and developing and questioning personal theoretical positions. Whilst also participating in technologies and humanities modules. To full fill the criteria of the course and meet with the universities standards we have been required to produce a variety of reports, and for the first time produce an academic paper based on our own research and findings. The year has provided us with the opportunity to reflect on the information gathered through our various strands of research and directly relate it to our studio projects. In my case the research conducted for my dissertation had a considerable effect on the direction of my studio project in the second semester and vise versa. Equally the first semesters studio project and the course work for the Climate Change College Proposition (CCCP) technologies unit had a direct impact on each other, and a synergy between the two units was clearly established. Although not directly effecting my studio designs drastically, the information and research require to produce the technologies report has certainly increased my knowledge of ecosystems and awareness of social and cultural issues that threaten our environments. Whilst I have conducted a great deal of research over the duration of year, which has been extremely beneficial for all strands of my academic and professional development, there are areas that still need to worked on and considered more when making critical decisions in my design process. In particular I could do with increasing my knowledge and consideration with regards to remaining sensitive to cultural and contextual issues. The ideas and theories covered during the years projects and assignments will no doubt be built on as I continue in my studies over the years to come, both in university and in practice. In particular the professional studies unit has been one of the most beneficial and insightful. The lessons and information i have learnt through conducting the exercises set out in the brief, have built on knowledge gathered during my year in industry, and gone some way in preparing me for the future.