Sunny Gao Urban Planning + Environmental Planning Portfolio by Sunny (Sangni) Gao

SUNNY GAO urban planning + environmental planning

PORTFOLIO

URBAN PLANNING

1 2 3

WATERFRONT INFRASTRUCTURE RETHINKING

Cornell University NYC Urban Design Studio

HUDSON RIVER PARK DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS TRANSFER STUDY

Cornell University Land Use Workshop

R.F.K. CAMPUS REDEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN

Cornell University Real Estate Studio

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

4 5

WATERSHED DESIGN GUIDE Regional Plan Association Internship

WEST NYACK STORMWATER MANAGEMENT AND BMP DESIGN Behan Planning & Design Internship

WATERFRONT INFRASTRUCTURE RETHINKING

Topology model built for watershed analysis PROJECT TYPE

Cornell AAP NYC Program Urban Design Studio 2013.9-12 INSTRUCTOR

W.X.Y. Studio Claire Weisz, Adam Lubinsky OBJECTIVE

To improve New York City waterfront infrastructure resiliency under the impact of Hurricane Sandy MY CONTRIBUTION

Stormwater strategy, public space design, overall graphic design COLLABORATOR

Taffet, M., Tsai, J., Casabianca, J.

Why choose the two sites?

Study area:

Both sites are home to critical infrastructures: Holland Tunnel (west) and ConEdison (ConEd) Power Plant (east). And both sites were severely inundated during Hurricane Sandy.

Holland Tunnel + ConEd Power Plant This study examines two Lower Manhattan sites. One is located on the West Side at the meeting point of SoHo and TriBeCa and the other is on the East Side between Stuyvesant Town and Alphabet City.

way roa d WB

nEd Powe

N N

East River

Hudson Rive

14t

lant rP

iv Dr

Varick St

R FD

Their nearby waterfronts of the East River and the Hudson River pose common challenges but topography and infrastructure create unique opportunities.

nd Tunne lla l

WATERFRONT INFRASTRUCTURE RETHINKING

INTRODUCTION

Substations Transforming 69,000 plus volt electricity flows to 13,000 volts.

Schools Operation is impeded by floodwaters.

Holland Tunnel Entrance Plaza

Wastewater Wastewater pumping station serves 37-acre of lower Manhattan.

Flooding at Hudson St. & Canal St.

Building Damage

Public Space

Hundreds of buildings were damaged resulting in millions of dollars costs.

Non-motorized navigation is awkward and dangerous.

Con Edison 14th St Generating Station

FEMA Flood Plain Represent a one in a hundred chance of flooding per year.

Flooding at Avenue C & 14th St.

EAST SIDE ANALYSIS (ConEd Power Plant Area)

Drainage Study Catchment Division

Ca na lS t. al St .

Ca n

al St .

St.

St. pson Thom

Varic k

ve. 6th A

Varic k

t. lS na Ca

lla

Ho St. pson Thom

Bro ad

al St .

wa y

Ca n

14th St. ConEd P ow e rP la

Bro ad wa y

Th o

mp so n

mp Thso onmS pts. on St.

St. St .

6th Av The. o

St .

6th Av e.

Bro ad w Bro ay ad wa y

dw ay roa

Ca n St .

Ca na lS t.

W. B

Ca n

Minor Runoff

Topography A low point is clearly shown between Canal St. and W. Broadway.

Th om ps on St.

5 Ca n

6th Av e.

Storm Surge sea level

St .

Primary Runoff

low

Varick St.

Ca n

W. Bro W . Bardw oa ay dw

20 ft above sea level

lla

Decentralized

Centralized

ay W. Bro ad wa y

Varick St. W. Bro ad wa y6th Ave. Varick St.

on St.

Ca na lS t.

Th om ps

6th Av e.

lla

high

Varick St.

Hudson River

Energy Supply Patterns low

ic erv tS

ea e Ar

Alternative of Centralized Power: District-level Combined Heat and Power Building multiple sources of power throughout the city offers independence from the central grid and provides redundancies in times of individual plant failure.

ve. 6th A

d Broa

way

d Broa

way

l na Ca

way road W. B

l na Ca

way road W. B

St.

Current Floodwater Distribution The largest amount of water accumulation occurring at the bottom of the low point.

Proposed Floodwater Distribution Floodwater is managed by a distributed system of catchment basins and green infrastructure. Design Concept

Design Concept

= It is no longer sufficient for a park to simply be a park. It must be a place of public amenities, water infiltration, and in extreme instances - a catchment basin.

+ District CHP plants can be located within existing buildings, on rooftops, or underground. Public green space can be created above vaulted systems.

WATERFRONT INFRASTRUCTURE RETHINKING

WEST SIDE ANALYSIS (Holland Tunnel Area)

Thompson Stre

6th Ave

Side Sectional

son

Ave

6th

1 Redirect Drainage Flow Green and grey trenches redirect water to travel against the topographic incline in the direction of green infrastructure and catchment basins.

nue Ave 6th

Front Sectional

Varick St

Hudson St

The following interventions represent large and small-scale investments, which blend green infrastructure with needed amenities.

T ho Canal St

pso

2 Shift the Low Point Lowering the elevation of the basketball court for 15 ft creates a new low point in a location that does not damage property.

Tho m

Canal Street

Ericsson Place

Hudson St

Holland Tunnel Entrance Plaza

Holland Tunnel Entrance

ht St re

3 The Halo The Haloâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s elevated walkways lift pedestrians over Holland Tunnel traffic and provide access to the new marsh in the roundabout.

Ca r Va

Va ri

Canal St

Gra

4 i ck

Ericsson Place

Huds

on S t

Canal St

r Va

Lis

La ig

r Va

pen

k ic

4 Outdoor Cinema This outdoor cinema acts as a catchment basin and a site of infiltration for runoff in extreme weathers. re St

Hudson S

Wyatt St

ard

Wyatt St.

6 Barricade Walls built around the exit and entrance of Holland Tunnel protect it from storm surge.

WB roa d

Canal St Canal Street

way

5 Green Street Network A network of green spaces and green streets facilitate water infiltration into soil in a distributed fashion.

Hudson St

WATERFRONT INFRASTRUCTURE RETHINKING

WEST SIDE INTERVENTION (Holland Tunnel Area)

N 500 ft

Collaborative Design with Tsai, J.

After transforming centralized power generation into district-level CHP sites, current ConEd Power Station will be redeveloped through ecological restoration and sustainable programming.

t Ri

Eas ver

FDR Driv e

Stormwater Flow

Street Grid

Wetland System

15 St Entertainment University

Av en

Primary School

Residential

14 St Hotel

Retail

Programming New mixed-use developments will be implemented in the former power plant as well as a new university, primary school, hotel and residential tower. Street level retail will cater to patrons along pedestrian-friendly streets.

13 St

Avenue D

Avenue C

N 200 ft

WATERFRONT INFRASTRUCTURE RETHINKING

EAST SIDE INTERVENTION (ConEd Power Plant Area)

New York City Zoning Map

HUDSON RIVER PARK DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS TRANSFER STUDY

PROJECT TYPE

Cornell AAP NYC Program Land Use Workshop 2013.9-2013.12 CLIENT

Hudson River Park Trust, NYC OBJECTIVE

To help Hudson River Park Trust investigate potential receiver sites in order to sell air rights to developers to pay for the parkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s maintenance problems MY CONTRIBUTION

Site survey, GIS mapping, land use and zoning strategy analysis COLLABORATOR

Li, L., Tsai, J., Zaire, D.

Study Area One block westward Hudson River Park from 59th St. to Chambers St.

METHODOLOGY

CONCLUSION

Soft Site Selection Process Soft Site Criteria Development

Selected Soft Sites Clusters (yellow)

Background Info & Case Study

Soft sites can be divided into three categories:

Objective Identify “Soft Sites” -- potential air right receivers and prioritize them

On-Site Survey & Documentation

Revision

DEVELOPMENT RIGHT TRANSFER STUDY

INTRODUCTION

1. receive air rights due to lack of constraints; 2. could transfer if colocation is possible;

Potential & Constraints Analysis W 59th St.

3. may look promising, but may be politically challenging due to zoning or lack of community support.

Soft Sites Prioritization

GIS Mapping Overlay W 42th St.

constraints: landmark building, historic district, rezoning district, height limit

W 23th St.

air right donor piers Houston St.

Canal St.

N 0.5 Mile

N adjacent new development Chambers St

0.5 Mile

A detailed profile including lot information, building photos and select explanation is developed for each soft site building, and is compiled as a comprehensive property dictionary for Hudson River Park Trust. Example: Block 645

enu e

10 Avenue

v 11 A

West 14 St

11 A ven u

West 1

4 St

e e

10 Ave nu

West 13 St

West 1

Little West 12 St

3 St

Wa sh i ng t on

Softness Contributing Factors high

medium

low

Pie

r 52

Litt

le W est

Site Summary • Total Combined Area: 27,735 sq. ft • M1-5 zoning (max 5 FAR) • Development can block the view of the hotel, but the hotel can buy the lots for future extension

DEVELOPMENT RIGHT TRANSFER STUDY

SOFT SITE PROFILE

KEY ASSUMPTIONS

3-D models of potential scenarios of air right development give an idea of how additional bulk and massing would fit into the context of the surrounding neighborhood.

687

Floor-to-floor height of 10 ft.

Minimum setbacks on narrow streets: 15 ft.

Minimum setbacks on wide streets: 10 ft. Minimum base height required met

Tower dimensions between 50 ft. - 80 ft. width to support residential or hotel use

6 1

712

Top-down view

654 Development Rights Transfer Scenario in Context

7502

646

W1 3th 8

St 20

1617 18 19

Li t tl

645

1 2322 11 21

12 th

ng t

Gansevoort Market • Buildings mostly below 5 FAR

Standard Hotel • FAR: 6.45 • Height: 250 ft.

sh i

High Line

58 10 Avenue • tFAR: 5.45 • Height: 125 ft.

The Highline Building • FAR: 7.2 • Height: 200 ft.

Example: Block 645

10 th A ve

DEVELOPMENT RIGHT TRANSFER STUDY

DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS

644 10

Collaborative Design with Tsai, J.

Possible Scenario Details

Existing Conditions Existing Zoning: M1-5 Allowable Max FAR of Lot: 5.00 Built FAR of Cluster: 0.59 Lot Area: 27,735 sq. ft.

275,000 sq. ft. of development rights transfered Equivalent to 10 FAR Preserves views and adds hotel capacity Base serves as expansion of conference space Modeled at 290 ft.

643

27 Assumptions Potential for expansion of Standard Hotel Considered built FAR12of nearby high-rises 4 642 Meets minimum setback7502 requirements 7501 Tower widths between 50-80 ft 1 Tower floor-to-floor height of 10 ft Base floor-to-floor height 10 of 15ft -12ft 5 17 641 negligible Existing built7502 FAR of 0.59 assumed 7504

7503

12 7501

640

Sectional View (Looking East)

Sectional View (Looking North)

639

Existing R.F.K. Stadium Campus

R.F.K. CAMPUS REDEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN

PROJECT TYPE

Cornell University Advanced Real Estate Design Studio 2014.1-2014.5 CLIENT

D.C. Event OBJECTIVE

To propose future land use plan for R.F.K. Stadium Campus in Washington D.C.; conduct market analysis and pro forma model for feasibility study. MY CONTRIBUTION

Land use and real estate analysis, programming strategy, physical planning COLLABORATOR

Agarwal,V., Bishop,W., Broderick,A., Doran,E., Huang,S., Rosado,K., Zhao,X.

R.F.K. REDEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN

CONTEXT ANALYSIS Maryland-Virginia Region

Washington D.C.

Anacostia Waterfront

Kingman Park Neighborhood

Site Existing Problems 1 2

TARGET MARKET CHARACTER

Becky and Paul

The Estevez Family

Steph

- Empty nesters - Moderate disposable income - Looking for urban lifestyle

- Kingman Park residents - Working class parents - Looking for urban lifestyle

- Young professional Urban pioneer - Looking for affordable, safe place to be

4 Collaborative Design with Rosado,K.

DESIGN CONCEPT Objective

Strategy Entertainment

Habitability

Community 1 Underused land under elevated metro line

2 Poor infrastructure condition

Destination Retail Grocery/Community Retail New Residents

Connectivity Flows Activity

arTrail Riverfront Restoration

Sustainability

3 Contaminated Anacostia River

4 Massive vacant parking lot near the

Open Space Plazas & Parks

Phase I

19th St.

Phase II

E Capitol St.

Phase III

Independence Ave.

N 1000 ft Total Land Use Distribution

Land Use Divided by Phases Phase I

Phase II

Phase III

R.F.K. REDEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN

MASTER PLAN AND PHASING

R.F.K. REDEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN

STREET SECTION AND PERSPECTIVE

Collaborative Design with Bishop,W.

R.F.K. REDEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN

BIRD’S-EYE VIEW

Collaborative Design with Huang S.

Hudson River Watershed master plan

WATERSHED DESIGN GUIDE

PROJECT TYPE

Internship Project at Regional Plan Association 2013.9-2014.3 CLIENT

Orange County, NY OBJECTIVE

To develop a Hudson Watershed Design Guide which incorporates best management practices (BMPs), design standards, and model code language for source water protection PRACTICE AREAS

Green infrastructure, land use and subdivision control

This guide is organized into three sections:

Guide to Locators

Section 1: PLACES WHERE to consider The first part of the manual describes bestpractices for accommodating growth in each of three types of places. Each place-type has been assigned an icon to assist navigation by the user.

Use these codes to travel through the Design Manual

Downtowns: infill in existing centers

Best Management Practice

Section 3: TOOLS & ACTIONS HOW you need to do it The third part of the guide introduces the tools and strategies that can be used to implement BMPs. • Zoning Check List • Policies Check List • Land-Use Management

Landscape

Edges are places into which the streetandblock network and land use patterns of a downtown can be extended.

SCALES DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

redirect water to permeable surface to reduce demand on sewer system

permeability as well as water table depth and shall be evaluated; the average slope of less than 5%

Rain Water Harvesting

capture and store stormwater runoff to be used later for irrigation, etc.

install on a firm level surface; must have an overflow to a safe disposal location

Rain Garden / Bioswale

a passive filter system without an underdrain connected to the storm drain system

require relatively flat slopes to be able to accommodate runoff filtering

Green Roof

Planter Boxes

maximum roofs slope is 20% ; the building must be able to support green roof materials loading should be designed and constructed with no longitudinal or lateral slope

Riparian Buffers

combines physical filtering and adsorption with biogeochemical processes to remove pollutants use soil infiltration and biogeochemical processes to decrease stormwater quantity separate water body from polluted stormwater discharges; reduce runoff velocity; improve coastal ecology

Retention Basin

use excavated area to temporary or permanently store stormwater and maintenance aquatic habitats

no more than 15% slope

Stream Daylighting

expose some or all of a previously covered river, stream, or stormwater drainage

combined sewage systems or involves contaminated soils are not suitable for daylighting

DESCRIPTION DEVELOPMENT ENCROACH: STREAM IS COVERED AND PIPED Planter Boxes

Riparian Buffers

FUNCTION It is more likely that it will be a place that already has some development and infrastructure but at a greatly reduced density so that there is an opportunity for a significant increase in development.

• Flood Control be most effective by revitalizing previously buried floodplains

STREAM DAYLIGHTING

• Pollutant Removal significantly improve nutrient uptake and stream metabolism

Downspout Disconnect

Green Roof

New development at the edge should as much as possible feel like a seamless extension of the existing urbanized areas and so the mix of land uses may be similar but less intensive.

BEFORE

AFTER

BMPs Master List

expose some or all of a previously covered river, stream, or stormwater drainage, increased hydraulic capacity for flood control

LEGEND

Section 1: PLACES

Section 2: DETAILS

Suitable

Landscape

MECHANISM

Downspout Disconnection

ACTION

Building

NATURAL STATUS

Best Management Practices Master List Neighborhood

Stream Daylighting

SUMMARY

LANDSCAPE

PLACES

Stream Daylighting

In each place, three scales of watersheds are defined, which have different considerations in Best Management Practices (BMPs) selection. The three watershed scales include: • Building • Neighborhood • Landscape

LANDSCAPE BEST PRACTICES N8

Neighborhood

The second part of the guide is a collection of BMPs for watershed protection and restoration. A master list comparing each practice based on cost, maintenance and management is provided.

EDGE

Edges

Section 2: DETAILS WHAT you need to do

Code

• Stream Daylighting

Edges: extend existing centers Corridors: re-make the commercial strips

Buildings

WATERSHED DESIGN GUIDE

ORGANIZATION OF THE GUIDE

Less Suitable

must be engineered to satisfy demanding hydrologic conditions

Unsuitable

Section 3: TOOLS & ACTIONS

Section 1: PLACES | edge chapter

Section 2: DETAILS | building scale chapter

CORRIDORS BUILDING SCALE BEST PRACTICES N3

Rain Garden / Bioswale N70 N7

Retention Basin

Landscape

Stream Daylighting

Landscape

BUILDINGS

PLACES

EDGE

Edges are places into which the streetandblock network and land use patterns of a downtown can be extended.

WATERSHED DESIGN GUIDE

MAJOR CONTENT ELEMENTS

A commercial corridor is a road that is lined with auto-oriented commercial uses. While there may be other kinds of activities within Overflow Drainagearea,thecommercialcorridor the surrounding is almost entirely single use.

Riparian Buffers

It is more likely that it will be a place that already has some development and infrastructure but at a greatly reduced density so that there is an opportunity for a significant increase in development.

Downspout Disconnect

Green Roof

New development at the edge should as much as possible feel like a seamless extension of the existing urbanized areas and so the mix of land uses may be similar but less intensive.

Neighborhood

Buildings

Planter Boxes

Rain Garden / Bioswale

Buildings

Edges

Neighborhood

DESCRIPTION N5

Bioswale

Rain Garden

Planter Boxes

Downspout Disconnect

Green Roof

Rain Garden

a passive filter system without an underdrain connected to the storm drain system With a FUNCTION few exceptions in small areas, the environmentisbuiltaroundtheautomobile, â&#x20AC;˘ Flood Control so much so that auto access is excessive in are generally not designed to scale and creates a hostile environment for provide flood control but can pedestrians. divert initial flow â&#x20AC;˘ Pollutant Removal relatively high removal rate with 50-90% metal, 70~80% P

New development along the corridor is an opportunity to balance the needs of the car with those of pedestrians and to create new connections to surrounding areas.

PUBLIC SPACE BEST PRACTICES LANDSCAPE BEST PRACTICES N6 N7

Retention Basin Riparian Buffers Managed Forest of IntroducedorNative Species

Grass Filter Strip

Little or No Tree Water-loving/-Tolerant Native Species

LANDSCAPE

Section 2: DETAILS | landscape scale chapter

PUBLIC SPACE

Section 2: DETAILS | open space chapter

LANDSCAPE

WATERSHED DESIGN GUIDE

MAJOR CONTENT ELEMENTS (CONTINUED)

LANDSCAPE BEST PRACTICES N8

Stream Daylighting

NATURAL STATUS

storm water level

DESCRIPTION

DESCRIPTION DEVELOPMENT ENCROACH: STREAM IS COVERED AND PIPED

use excavated area to temporary or permanently store stormwater and maintenance aquatic habitats

expose some or all of a previously covered river, stream, or stormwater drainage, increased hydraulic capacity for flood control

buffer width >= 50 ft

wildlife habitat flood control

ZONE 2

ZONE 1

FUNCTION

FUNCTION • Flood Control dry detention basin has larger sediment control capacity than wet detention basin nutrient removal

bank stability • Pollutant Removal Removal of pollutants is less efficient

• Flood Control be most effective by revitalizing previously buried floodplains

STREAM DAYLIGHTING

Ripparian Buffers

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY GOALS

Retention Basin

ZONE 3

• Pollutant Removal significantly improve nutrient uptake and stream metabolism

BEFORE

AFTER

Stream Daylighting

average slope <= 3%

redirect water to permeable surface to reduce demand on sewer system

permeability as well as water table depth and shall be evaluated; the average slope of less than 5%

the contributing area of $40 per residenrooftop to each disconnected tial house discharge shall be 500 square feet or less

for existing developed areas, an easement may be needed from adjoining landowners

Rain Water Harvesting

capture and store stormwater runoff to be used later for irrigation, etc.

install on a firm level surface; must have an overflow to a safe disposal location

the cistern/rain barrel sizing is rain barrel $100 based on the water demand per 60 gallon for the intended use. Vol = WQv * 7.5 gals/ ft3

periodic maintenance and cleaning to ensure storage of stormwater while reducing the algae and mosquito

Rain Garden / Bioswale

a passive filter system without an underdrain connected to the storm drain system

require relatively flat slopes to be able to accommodate runoff filtering

residential rain barrel 55~90 gallons

ponding depth above the rain $5~80 /sf garden bed should not exceed 6 inches

approximately a few square feet of surface area; adjacent to buildings, on $8/sf terraces or rooftops

Green Roof

combines physical filtering maximum roofs slope is and adsorption with bio- 20% ; the building must be geochemical processes to able to support green roof remove pollutants materials loading should be designed and Planter use soil infiltration and N5 Boxes biogeochemical processes constructed with no longiSection 3: TOOLS & ACTIONS to decrease stormwater tudinal or lateral slope quantity Riparian separate water body from must be engineered to satN6 Buffers polluted stormwater isfy demanding hydrologic discharges; reduce runoff conditions ZONING REGULATIONS ZONING REGULATIONS PRESENT?PRESENT? NOTES NOTES velocity; improve coastal I. 1. Is the watershed as an overlay district? 1. Is the watershed recognizedrecognized as an overlay district? ¨ ¨ ecology

I. WATERSHED WATERSHED REC- 2. DoREC2. Do distinct boundaries the watershed? distinct boundaries follow the follow watershed? ¨15% slope ¨more than no Retention use excavated area to N7 OGNITIONOGNITION Are references there text references to or watershed? 3.Basin Are there3.text to watershed? temporary perma¨ ¨ nently store stormwater II. II. certain uses due excluded due to their attributes? Are certainAre uses excluded to their attributes? and maintenance aquatic habitats EXCLUDEDEXCLUDED 1. Hazardous materials use 1. Hazardous materials use

USES

of gallons daysquare per 1000 square feet)? number ofnumber gallons per day perper 1000 feet)?

1. Agriculture? 1. Agriculture? 2. feedlots? Livestock, feedlots? 2. Livestock, 3. Solid waste disposal 3. Solid waste disposal 4. Junk, salvage yards 4. Junk, salvage yards 5. Wastewater plants 5. Wastewater treatment treatment plants

Unsuitable

¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨

•

• petroleum petroleum

•

coal

•

coal

are intended to be relatively low residential $3 to$5/sf, commer- maintenance; initially require cially $10 ~50/sf intense maintenance, less maintenance is needed over time intended to be relatively low maintenance; but may be subject to sedimentation and invasive plant species regular maintenance of vegetation, especially following large rain events

adjoining landowners

ZONING REGULATIONS ZONING REGULATIONS

PRESENT?PRESENT? NOTES

Iii. Iii. Are allowed on ... or not? Are allowed uses baseduses on ...based or not? PERFORMANCE PERFORMANCE 1. Soils 1. Soils suitable for capturing runoff $1.00 ~1.50/cf of routine maintenance,¨ like mow- ¨ N7 CONTROLS CONTROLS from a drainage area of at detention 2. Slope 2. Slope least 5 acres

ing and debris removal ¨

buried streams are generally $1000 /ft Is density on .. ? Is density based on ..based ? beneath concrete and requires major 1. excavation Soils 1. Soils

regulor mornitor for water quality is required. Vegetation maintenance ¨ ¨

3. Sewarage 3. Sewarage 4. Public water 4. Public water

¨ ¨

2. Slope 2. Slope 3. Sewarage 3. Sewarage 4. Watershed 4. Watershed 5. Public water 5. Public water

¨ ¨ ¨

¨ ¨ ¨ ¨

¨ ¨

6. Sitecapacity carrying capacity 6. Site carrying •

Based loading on nitrate loading Based on• nitrate

•

Based on phosphorus Based on• phosphorus loading loading

Are impervious surfacecs by ... ? Are impervious surfacecs limited by limited ... ? 1. Soils

6. Bulk of ... 6. Bulk storage of storage ...

MANAGEMENTS / MAINTENANCE

COST

largeZoning space required; mini$200-700/ acre for (continued) existing developed areas, an N6 Regulations Checklist Zoning Regulations Checklist (continued) mum width 50~100 ft easement may be needed from

Stream expose some or all of a combined sewage systems 2. Risky on-site waste disposal 2. Risky on-site waste disposal ¨ ¨involves contaminated Daylightpreviously covered river, or Housing unit density 3.ing Housing3.unit density stream, or stormwater soils suitable for ¨ are not ¨ drainage daylighting Are there limits on sewage density (e.g., maximum 4. Are there4. limits on sewage density (e.g., maximum ¨ ¨

Suitable Less Suitable Are use categories ... Are use categories excluded ...excluded LEGEND

SPACE

WATERSHED DESIGN GUIDE

Downspout Disconnection

Landscape

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Neighborhood

MECHANISM

ACTION

1. Soils

2. Slope 2. Slope 3. Watershed 3. Watershed

TOOLS&ACTIONS

SUMMARY

SCALES

Regulations Checklist ZoningZoning Regulations Checklist

USES

(continued)

BMPs Master List

Best Management Practices Master List Building

SUMMARY

Section 2: DETAILS | best management practice summary

BMPs Master List

TOOLS&ACTIONS

MAJOR CONTENT ELEMENTS (CONTINUED)

NOTES

West Nyack topographic map

WEST NYACK STORMWATER MANAGEMENT AND BMP DESIGN

PROJECT TYPE

Internship Project at Behan Planning & Design 2013.6-2013.8 CLIENT

Town of Clarkstown, NY OBJECTIVE

To improve water quality during flooding and normal conditions and promote economic revitalization in West Nyack PRACTICE AREAS

Hazard mitigation, green infrastructure and landscape design OUTCOME

A feasibility study was developed, which helped Clarkstown successfully win $1,000,000 Green Innovative Grant

WEST NYACK STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION

DESIGN CONCEPTS

This project is located in West Nyack in the Town of Clarkstown, Rockland County, NY. It is the first phase and one very important part of a $13 million effort towards hamlet revitalization.

Traditional Stormwater Management from green to gray: use gray infrastructures to discharge overflow as fast as possible

A feasibility study and a conceptual site plan were developed to evaluate the potential of applying green practices to improve stormwater management and to restore wetland ecological system.

EXISTING PROBLEM

Frequent Flooding topographic features + elevation of nearby highways = an artificial Flood Basin

• • •

blocked culverts worldwide climate change increase of impermeable surfaces

Pre-development landscape

Exist compromised landscape

exacerbating local flooding

Existing riparian section

Proposed riparian buffer section

Best Management Practices (BMP) from gray back to green: take advantage of overflow to enhance watershed health

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Klein Ave. West Nyack 2007

Virginia St & Rt 304 2008 after heavy rain storm

Nearby Waterbody

A Compromised Landscape

Source: Natural Resources Conservation

Channelized stream with less biodiversity

Random fill and concrete debris threaten ecological health

Floating trash and polluted runoff degrade environmental quality

Compromised water flowing into culverts under Route 59

Uw: Uw:Udorthents, Udorthents,wet wetsubstratum substratum Wu: Wu: Wethersfield-Urban Wethersfield-Urbanland landcomplex Wc: Watchaug fine sandy loam complex Ca: muck Wc:Carlisle Watchaug fine sandy loam Site Ca: boundary Carlisle muck

WEST NYACK STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

SITE CONCEPTUAL PLAN

1 Permeable Parking Lot

1 2 Riparian Buffers

3 Rain Garden

4 Settling and Detention Basin

WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

GRANT APPLICATION

Using the water quality modeling tool, the pollutant removal rate is estimated:

A 55-page feasibility study is written as grant application material, which helped Clarkstown won $1,000,000 as Green Innovation Grant Program from New York State Environmental Facilities Corporation (NYSEFC) in Dec. 2013.

Net Reductions Total Nitrogen Total Phosphorus Total Suspended Solid E. coli Copper

Rain Garden 80.20% 46.80% 95.06% 90.00% 98.95%

Detention Basin 69.64% 63.52% 96.20% 70.00% 84.95%

Permeable parking lot 60.40% 39.20% 87.65% 37.00% 72.00%

Riparian buffer 56.00% 24.00% 81.00% 0.00% 65.00%

THANK YOU SUNNY GAO

+1 607 379 3303 sg787@cornell.edu