Fig:2.19 : Too much darkness: Unpleasant (Source: ertdarkimage.com

Orchestration of darkness and light in architecture.

 1st thread: Lighting modes & subjective impressions (Lighting

Psychology).

In order to document and explain the whole range of human impacts of lighting and lighting psychology. Dr. John Flynn studied the human reaction to lighting by looking at a variety of subjective impressions about architectural settings to see which ones were changed by changes in the lighting stimuli. Changes in illumination elicited substantial changes in reaction for various perceptions, including spaciousness, visual clarity, seclusion, pleasantness, relaxation, and complexity. Flynn established that architectural lighting has a far larger role in the human experience than merely enabling task performance by relating it to these sensations.

Flynn also sought to understand the nature of the stimulus that produced those responses. Flynn identified four of these attributes, which he called the “lighting modes.” Flynn’s lighting modes express the basic parameters of lighting which designers manipulate in creating the environments they desire –

 bright / dim  uniform / non-uniform,  central / perimeter  warm / cool.

Fig:2.26 Bright Fig:2.27 Dim