Suočavanje s prošlošću Dealing with the Past
Supported by:
Partner:
Program Partners:
PATRONS
FEDERALNO MINISTARSTVO KULTURE I SPORTA, MINISTARSTVO KULTURE I SPORTA KANTONA SARAJEVO, GRAD SARAJEVO, TURISTIČKA KANTONA FEDERALNO MINISTARSTVO OKOLIŠA I TURIZMA Main sponsors of ZAJEDNICA Sarajevo FilmSARAJEVO, Festival OPĆINE: CENTAR, NOVI GRAD, STARI GRAD, ILIDŽA MAIN SPONSORS
EXCLUSIVE SPONSORS
Sadržaj / Contents
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Uvodna riječ/Introduction – Maša Marković, Voditeljica programa Suočavanje s prošlošću/ Dealing with the Past Programme Manager
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Raspored programa/Programme schedule
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Filmovi/ Films
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Odabrane priče/ Selected stories
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Projektni tim/ Project Team
DEALING WITH THE PAST / SUOČAVANJE S PROŠLOŠĆU I 3
Uvod / Introduction
Cilj projekta SUOČAVANJE S PROŠLOŠĆU krije se u njegovom imenu. Vjerujemo da je za prevazilaženje brojnih otvorenih pitanja proisteklih iz ratova u bivšoj Jugoslaviji, a koja nas još uvijek opterećuju, apsolutno nužna iskrena, otvorena diskusija o tom bolnom periodu naše prošlosti. U našem su regionu u protekle dvije decenije pokrenute brojne inicijative čiji je proklamovani cilj bio „izgradnja mira“. Međutim, slogani ne mogu zaliječiti ožiljke koje su godine ratnih stradanja ostavile na dušama ljudi iz regiona. Prirodan proizvod proteklih događanja su cijele zajednice koje trpe ogromnu količinu boli i očajnički im je potreban cjelovit proces izlječenja. Vjerujemo da je preduslov za pokretanje tog procesa suočavanje svih ljudi koji su na bilo koji način bili uključeni u prošle događaje, ili zbog njih pate, sa otrežnjavajućim činjenicama. Naša čvrsta vjera u ispravnost ovog pristupa i svijest da se tumačenju historijskih događaja mora pristupiti iz različitih uglova su temeljni razlog pokretanja projekta SUOČAVANJE S PROŠLOŠĆU. Prvu godinu postojanja projekta SUOČAVANJE S PROŠLOŠĆU obilježili su zavidni rezultati. Ponosni smo na „Sajam istinitih priča“, jedinstvenu open-source platformu koja povezuje filmske autore sa organizacijama koje su istraživale i dokumentovale zločine i njihove posljedice u društvu koje su proistekle iz ratova na području bivše Jugoslavije. Šest priča koje su prezentovane prošle godine u sklopu “Sajma istinitih priča”, nastavljaju svoje živote u filmskim realizacijama, te nam je izuzetno zadovoljstvo našoj publici predstaviti film „Nesmirni snovi“ u produkciji Al Jazeera Balkans. Ovaj film je zasnovan na priči koju je prezentirao BIRN (Balkan Investigative Reporting Network), te se nadamo da će i ovogodišnje priče izazvati interes među filmskim
autorima i potaknuti nove filmske projekte koji bi zbog direktne i moćne prirode filmskog medija bili u stanju doprijeti do puno većeg auditorija. Također, prošlogodišnji filmski naslovi programa nisu imali dijalog samo s publikom u Sarajevu, već su putovali u Bijeljinu, Beograd, Podgoricu, Zagreb i Split. Ovakvi rezultati ohrabruju nas da je projekt SUOČAVANJE S PROŠLOŠĆU svojevrsan put u budućnost, te nastavljamo sarađivati sa omladinskim inicijativama, lokalnim i regionalnim nevladinim organizacijima i predstavnicima medija. Ove godine izuzetna nam je čast ugostiti Joshuu Oppenheimera, poznatog po odvažnom pristupu tematici suočavanja s prošlošću, koji će nam predstaviti ostvarenja koja su ga svrstala među najznačajnije filmske autore današnjice. Vrijednost ovog programa prepoznao je i poznati ratni fotograf Ron Haviv koji će s našom publikom razgovarati o značaju dokumentiranja sjećanja i njenu relvantnost za danas i sutra. Vjerujemo da ovakav program SUOČAVANJE S PROŠLOŠĆU može inspirisati dijalog među pripadnicima različitih generacija, filmske autore, ali i predstavnike nevladinih organizacija, da ispune najplemenitiji zadatak filma, a to je otvaranje puta ka pravoj empatiji i istinskoj izgradnji mira. SUOČAVANJE S PROŠLOŠĆU je projekt Sarajevo Film Festivala podržan od strane Fondacije Robert Bosch, a bit će realizovan u saradnji s regionalnim informativnim kanalom Al Jazeera Balkans. Projekt se odvija i unutar Takmičarskog programa – dokumentarni film i Sajma istinitih priča u okviru CineLink dana filmske industrije.
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The purpose of the DEALING WITH THE PAST project is evident in its name. We believe that an open and honest discussion about our painful recent past is a prerequisite if we want to resolve the problems stemming from the wars in the former Yugoslavia that continue to be a burden on us. Over the past two decades, numerous initiatives have been launched in this region with the stated goal of “peace-building”. However, slogans cannot heal the scars of war that have been left on the souls of the people here. Entire communities live in immense pain and are in desperate need of a substantial healing process – a natural result of the recent conflicts. It is our belief that in order for such a healing process to begin, those who participated in the wars or who have suffered because of them must be confronted with sobering facts. Our confidence in the aptness of this approach, and our understanding that interpreting historical events requires that they be observed from different points of view, are the key reasons behind our decision to initiate DEALING WITH THE PAST. It the year since its launch, DEALING WITH THE PAST has seen significant results. We are proud of the True Stories Market, a unique open-source platform that connects filmmakers with organisations that research and document war crimes and their impact on society in the countries of the former Yugoslavia. Six stories that were presented in the True Stories Market last year will get a new onscreen life. This year, we have the great pleasure of screening RESTLESS DREAMS, a film produced by Al Jazeera Balkans and based on a story presented last year by the Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN). We hope the stories we present this year in the True Stories Market will also attract the attention of filmmakers and result in new film projects that can reach wider audiences. Films that were screened in our programme
last year not only communicated with audiences in Sarajevo, but also travelled to Bijeljina, Belgrade, Podgorica, Split and Zagreb. These results are very encouraging, and give us faith that DEALING WITH THE PAST is a bellwether of the future in the region. It is with this in mind that we continue our cooperation with youth initiatives, as well as local and regional non-governmental organisations and media representatives. This year, we have the honour of hosting Joshua Oppenheimer, a filmmaker distinguished by his courageous approach to dealing with the past. He will present the documentaries that established him as one of the most important of contemporary filmmakers. Renowned war photojournalist Ron Haviv also recognised the value of our programme and has agreed to speak with our audiences about the importance of documenting real events and the relevance of preserved memories to both the present and the future. We believe that the DEALING WITH THE PAST project can initiate dialogue among different generations, and inspire filmmakers and NGO representatives to fulfill the most noble of cinema’s roles: to inspire empathy and open the way for true peace-building. DEALING WITH THE PAST is a project of the Sarajevo Film Festival supported by the Robert Bosch Foundation and presented in partnership with Al Jazeera Balkans. It is presented under the auspices of the Sarajevo Film Festival’s Competition Programme – Documentary Film and the CineLink Industry Days True Stories Market. Maša Marković, Dealing with the Past Programme Manager
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Raspored programa/Programme schedule
Subota 12. august/Saturday, 12 August
15:00
12:00
Kino Meeting Point/Kino Meeting point Projekcija filma/Screening
Hotel Europa – sala 1/Hotel Europe - Screening room 1 Projekcija filma i diskusija/Screening and Q&A
ČIN UBIJANJA/ THE ACT OF KILLING Velika Britanija, Danska, Norveška / United Kingdom, Denmark, Norway 159’ Režija/ Director: Joshua Oppenheimer, anonimni autor/Anonymous, Christine Cynn
KOSOVO…NAZDRAVLJE! GEZUAR Srbija/ Serbia, 25 min Režija/Director: Aleksandar Reljić Diskusija poslije filma/Q&A session
15:00 Nedjelja, 13. august/Sunday, 13 August
10:30 Atrijum hotela Evropa / Hotel Europe – Atrium Predavanje Ron Haviv i Lauren Walsh / Masterclass by Ron Haviv and Lauren Walsh OD FOTOGRAFIJE DO FILMA/ FROM PHOTOGRAPHY TO FILM Propitivajući dinamički odnos sjećanja i fotografije redateljski dvojac Ron Haviv i Lauren Walsh kroz diskusiju uvode nas u svoj film u pripremi Biografija jedne slike. Protagonisti filma su dvije ikoničke, ratne fotografije Rona Haviva – jedna nastala u Panami 1989, a druga u Bosni i Hercegovini 1992.
Kino Meeting Point/Kino Meeting point Projekcija filma/Screening POGLED TIŠINE/ THE LOOK OF SILENCE Danska, Indonezija, Norveška, Velika Britanija/ Denmark, Indonesia, Norway, Finland, United Kingdom, 99‘ Režija/ Director: Joshua Oppenheimer, Anonimni autor/ Anonymous
17:00 Kino Meeting Point/Kino Meeting point Predavanje Joshua Oppenheimer / Masterclass by Joshua Oppenheimer
This masterclass explores the dynamics of memory and photography through discussion of Biography of a Photo, an in-progress documentary film by co-directors Ron Haviv and Lauren Walsh. The main “characters” of this film are two photographs—both seminal and depicting moments of conflict, and both taken by Haviv. One is from Panama in 1989; the other from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992.
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Ponedjeljak, 14. august/ Monday, 14 August
11:00 Cinema City 2 Projekcija filma i diskusija / Screening and Q&A session NEOPROSTIVO/ THE UNFORGIVEN Finska, Danska/ Finland, Denmark, 75 min Režija/ Director: Lars Feldballe-Petersen
12:45 Cinema City 2 Projekcija filma / Screening
Presentastion of nine cases from the archives of key organisations documenting the Yugoslav wars of the 90’s to film and TV professionals. This should serve as an open source that will inspire filmmakers and cinema experts, and from which they will weave stories for larger audiences with all the urgency and power that cinema offers. True Stories Market is a part of the CineLink Industry Days. Domaćin i moderator / Host and moderator Robert Tomić Zuber
RESTLESS DREAMS/NESMIRENI SNOVI Bosnia and Herzegovina/Bosna i Hercegovina, 47 min Director/režija: Muris Beglerović
17:30 Atrijum hotela Europa / Hotel Europe – Atrium SAJAM ISTINITIH PRIČA / TRUE STORIES MARKET: Predstavljanje devet istinitih priča iz nedavnih ratova u bivšoj Jugoslaviji filmskim i televizijskim autorima. Izvor priča su arhive nekih od vodećih organizacija koje se bave dokumentovanjem ratnih zbivanja. Cilj ovog dijela programa je da posluži kao otvoreni izvor ideja koje bi mogle inspirisati snažne i direktne filmske projekte, a koji bi zbog prirode filma mogli doprijeti do šire publike. Sajam istinskih priča se održava u sklopu CineLink Dana filmske industrije.
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Ron Haviv
Ron Haviv je nagrađivani fotoreporter koji je, između ostalog, nominovan i za nagradu Emmy. Haviv je jedan od osnivača foto agencije VII posvećene dokumentovanju sukoba širom svijeta i skretanju globalne pažnje na problematiku ljudskih prava. Haviv je u protekle tri decenije izvještavao iz 25 ratova i iz više od stotinu zemalja. Izdao je četiri izuzetno dobro ocijenjene knjige fotografija, a njegovi su radovi predstavljeni u brojnim muzejima i galerijama, između ostalog i u muzeju Louvre u Parizu, u Ujedinjenim Nacijama i u američkom Vijeću za međunarodne odnose. Haviv je beskopromisno dokumentovao nepravde rata, a njegove su fotografije ostvarile izuzetno jak uticaj. Fotografije koje je napravio na Balkanu tokom decenije obilježene ratovima su korištene kao dokaz u predmetima vođenim protiv osumnjičenih i osuđenih ratnih zločinaca pred Međunarodnim sudom za bivšu Jugoslaviju u Hagu. Američki predsjednik H.W.Bush je svojevremeno izjavio da su Havivove jezive fotografije nasilja počinjenog od strane paravojnih snaga bile jedan od razloga američke intervencije u Panami 1989. Los Angeles Times je njegovu prvu knjigu fotografija, Krv i med: dnevnik balkanskog rata, proglasio „jednom od najboljih dokumentarističkih knjiga godine“, a Newsweek ju je opisao kao „jeziv, ali iznimno značajan dokument o ljudskoj patnji.“ Objavio je i knjige fotografija Afganistan: put za Kabul, Haiti: 12. januar 2010. i Izgubljene rolne foto filma. Ron Haviv is an Emmy-nominated, award-winning photojournalist and co-founder of the photo agency VII, dedicated to documenting conflict and raising awareness about human rights issues around the globe. In the last three decades, Haviv has covered more than twenty-five conflicts and worked in over one hundred countries. He has published four critically acclaimed collections of photography, and his work has been featured in numerous museums and galleries, including the Louvre, the United Nations, and the Council on Foreign Relations. Haviv has produced an unflinching record of the injustices of war and his photography has had singular impact. His work in
the Balkans, which spanned over a decade of conflict, was used as evidence to indict and convict war criminals at the International Tribunal in The Hague. President George H.W. Bush cited Haviv’s chilling photographs documenting paramilitary violence in Panama as one of the reasons for the 1989 American intervention. His first photography book, Blood and Honey: A Balkan War Journal was called “One of the best non-fiction books of the year,” by The Los Angeles Times and “A chilling but vastly important record of a people’s suffering,” by Newsweek. His other monographs are Afghanistan: The Road to Kabul, Haiti: 12 January 2010 and The Lost Rolls.
Lauren Walsh
Lauren Walsh je ko-urednica knjiga Budućnost teksta i slike: zbirka eseja o književnim i vizuelnim konjekturama (2012) i Projekt milenijskog sela (2016), te foto urednica knjige Macondo: uspomene iz kolumbijskog konflikta (2017). Welsh je objavljivala radove u brojnim značajnim publikacijama uključujući The Los Angeles Review of Books, Photography and Culture, The Romanic Review, The Journal of American History, The New Republic i Nomadikon, a njeni su članici uvršteni u brojne antologije. Pored gostovanja na CNN-u, Walsh je gostovala i u brojnim radio programima, a kao stručnjakinja za fotografiju je intervuisana za film 9/11: deset godina kasnije (2011). U svome se istraživačkom radu fokusira na pitanja vezana za uspomene i vizuelne medije. Zainteresovana je za političke i etičke aspekte fotografije i za istraživanje tačaka preklapanja pisane i vizuelne kulture. Walsh se prije svega fokusira na foto-novinarstvo, a specijalizirala se za ratnu fotografiju. Uskoro bi u izdanju Bloomsbury Pressa trebala objaviti knjigu pod naslovom Razgovori o ratnoj fotografiji. Knjiga se bavi istraživanjem reakcija šire javnosti na fotografije snimljene u ratovima i humanitarnim krizama. Walsh je urednica projekta Izgubljene rolne foto filma Amerika, u sklopu kojeg je osnovan državni arhiv fotografija i uspomena, a također vodi foto-novinarsku labaratoriju pri Školi za specijalne studije Gallatin.
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Lauren Walsh is co-editor of The Future of Text and Image: Collected Essays on Literary and Visual Conjunctures (2012) and The Millennium Villages Project (2016), and photo editor of Macondo: Memories of the Colombian Conflict (2017). Walsh has published in The Los Angeles Review of Books, Photography and Culture, The Romanic Review, The Journal of American History, The New Republic, and Nomadikon, among others, and has articles in numerous anthologies. In addition to her appearances on CNN, Walsh has appeared on radio programs and as an expert on photography in the documentary 9/11: Ten Years Later (2011). Her research concentrates on questions of memory and visual media. She is interested in the politics and ethics of photography, and in exploring intersections of literature and visual culture. Walsh focuses particularly on photojournalism, with a specialty in conflict photography. Her forthcoming book with Bloomsbury Press is called Conversations on Conflict Photography and explores public responses to photographic coverage of war and humanitarian crises. Walsh is Project Editor for Lost Rolls America, a national archive of photography and memory, and runs Gallatin’s Photojournalism Lab.
Joshua Oppenheimer
Joshua Oppenheimer je rođen 1974. u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama. Njegov debitantski dugometražni film, ČIN UBIJANJA, je proglašen filmom godine za 2013. po izboru britanskih novina Guardian i prema rezultatima godišnje ankete međunarodnih filmskih stručnjaka koju sprovodi Sight and Sound magazin Britanskog instituta za film. Film je osvojio sedamdesetdvije međunarodne nagrade, uključujući Evropsku filmsku nagradu, nagradu BAFTA, filmsku nagradu azijsko-pacifičkog regiona, nagradu publike Filmskog festivala u Berlinu i Guardianovu nagradu za najbolji film, a 2014. je nominovan za nagradu Oscar za najbolji dokumentarni film. Njegov drugi film, POGLED TIŠINE, je premijerno prikazan u takmičarskom programu 71. Filmskog festivala u Veneciji gdje je osvojio pet nagrada, uključujući Veliku nagradu žirija, Nagradu međunarodnog udruženja filmskih kritičara
(Prix FIPRESCI) i Nagradu evropskih filmskih kritičara (FEDEORA). Film je nakon toga osvojio još sedamdesetdvije međunarodne nagrade, uključujući nagradu Independent Spirit, nagradu Međunarodnog udruženja autora dokumentarnog filma (IDA) za najbolji dokumentarni film, i tri Cinema Eye nagrade, uključujući za najbolji film i za najboljeg reditelja. Organizacija Cinema Eye ga je 2016. godine proglasila filmskim autorom koji je obilježio deceniju, a oba njegova filma filmovima koji su obilježili deceniju. Joshua Oppenheimer je 2014. dobio stipendiju MacArthur programa (poznatu pod imenom „stipendija za genijalce“). Born in 1974, USA, two-time Oscar® nominee Joshua Oppenheimer’s debut feature film, THE ACT OF KILLING (2014 Academy Award Nominee for Best Documentary), was named Film of the Year in the 2013 by the Guardian and the Sight and Sound Film Poll, and won 72 international awards, including a European Film Award, a BAFTA, an Asia Pacific Screen Award, a Berlinale Audience Award, and the Guardian Film Award for Best Film. His second film, THE LOOK OF SILENCE (2016 Academy Award Nominee for Best Documentary), premiered at the 71st Venice Film Festival, where it won five awards, including the Grand Jury Prize, the international critics award (Prix FIPRESCI) and the European film critics award (FEDEORA Prize). Since then, THE LOOK OF SILENCE has received 72 international awards, including an Independent Spirit Award, an IDA Award for Best Documentary, a Gotham Award for Best Documentary, and three Cinema Eye Honors, including Best Film and Best Director. Cinema Eye Honors named him a decade-defining filmmaker in 2016, and both his films as decadedefining films. In 2014, Joshua Oppenheimer was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship (popularly known as the “genius grant”).
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Filmovi / Films Čin ubijanja / The Act of Killing Velika Britanija, Danska, Norveška, 2012, u boji /United Kingdom, Denmark, Norway, 2012, Colour 159‘ Režija / Director: Joshua Oppenheimer, Anonymous, Christine Cynn Uloge / Cast: Anwar Congo, Herman Koto, Syamsul Arifin, Ibrahim Sinik, Yapto Soerjosoemarno, Safit Pardede
Kada je indonezijska vlada zbačena sa vlasti vojnim pučem 1965. godine, Anwar Congo i njegovi prijatelji su od sitnih kriminalaca koji su na crno prodavali kino karte promovirani u vođe odreda za ubijanje. Pomogli su vojsci da u manje od godinu dana ubije više od milion navodnih komunista, etničkih Kineza i intelektualaca. Kao vođa jednog od najozloglašenijih odreda za ubijanje u svome gradu, Anwar je vlastitim rukama ubio stotine ljudi. Anwar danas uživa poštovanje kao osnivač desničarske paravojne organizacije koja je izrasla iz odreda za ubijanje. Organizacija je toliko moćna da u svome članstvu ima državne ministre koji se rado hvale vlastitim zlodjelima u rasponu od korupcije i namještanja izbora do genocidnih radnji. Anwar i njegovi prijatelji su tvrdili da su ih u životu inspirirali nasilni američki filmovi koje su gledali tokom odrastanja te su ih autori filma pozvali da osmisle igrane scene o svojim iskustvima ubijanja prilagođene njihovim omiljenim filmskim žanrovima - gangsterskom, western i muzičkom filmu. Oni su napisali scenarije, te pred kamerom igrali sami sebe i svoje žrtve.
When the government of Indonesia was overthrown by the military in 1965, Anwar Congo and his friends were promoted from small-time gangsters who sold movie-theatre tickets on the black market to death-squad leaders. They helped the army kill more than one million alleged communists, ethnic Chinese, and intellectuals in under a year. As the executioner for the most notorious death squad in his city, Anwar himself killed hundreds of people with his own hands.Today, Anwar is revered as a founding father of a rightwing paramilitary organisation that grew out of the death squads. The organisation is so powerful that its leaders include government ministers, and they are happy to boast about everything from corruption and election rigging to acts of genocide.Anwar and his friends claimed to have been inspired by the violent American films they watched growing up, and so the filmmakers challenged Anwar and his friends to develop fiction scenes about their experience of the killings, adapted to their favourite genres – gangster flicks, westerns and musicals. They write the scripts. They play themselves. And they play their victims.
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Filmovi / Films Neoprostivo / The Unforgiven Finska, Danska, 2017, u boji / Finland, Denmark, 2017, Colour, 75’ Režija / Director: Lars Feldballe-Petersen
Da li ratni zločinac može naći oproštaj i pomiriti se s prošlošću? Kako nastaviti s normalnim životom nakon što si osuđen za jedno od najgorih djela – zločin protiv čovječnosti? Esad Landžo je godinama neuspješno tražio odgovore na ova pitanja. Odlučio je pokušati još jednom. Ovaj ratni zločinac se vratio u BiH kako bi se susreo s prijateljima, koji su zajedno s njim bili logorski čuvari, sa svojom rodbinom i svojim žrtvama. Da li će mu ikada biti oprošteno? Zaslužuje li oproštaj?
Is it possible for a war criminal to find forgiveness and to reconcile with the past? How do you find your way back to what is known as a normal life when you have been convicted of one of the worst crimes of all – a crime against humanity? Esad Landzo has looked for answers for many years, but in vain. He decides to make one last attempt. The Balkan War criminal travels back to Bosnia to meet his former camp-guard friend, his victims and his family. Will he ever be forgiven? Should he?
Nesmireni snovi / Restless Dreams Bosna i Hercegovina, 2017, u boji / Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2017, Colour, 47‘ Režija / Director: Muris Beglerović
Prema podacima Instituta za traženje nestalih, još se traga za ostacima gotovo hiljadu ubijenih Srebreničana. Do sada je pronađeno blizu sedam hiljada kompletnih ili nekompletnih tijela u 93 masovne grobnice na više od 300 lokacija u sjeveroistočnoj Bosni. Na Kameničkom brdu u julu 1995. godine kolona muškaraca upala je u zasjedu i većina je tu ubijena. Ramiz Nukić, koji je preživio stradanje u tom mjestu, skoro svakodnevno odlazi u okolne šume, sakupljajući posmrtne ostatke nastradalih Srebreničana. Kaže da je u protekle 22 godine pronašao više od 250 tijela.
According to the Missing Persons Institute, the remains of nearly 1,000 victims of the 1995 Srebrenica massacre are still unaccounted for. So far, complete and incomplete remains of close to 7,000 victims have been found in 93 mass graves located at more than 300 sites in northeast Bosnia. In July 1995, a group of men were ambushed in the Kameničko Hill area, near Srebrenica; most of them were killed. Ramiz Nukić, who survived the ambush, spends his days wandering through the woods around Srebrenica in search of human remains. Over the past 22 years, his discoveries have led to the identification of 250 Srebrenica massacre victims.
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Filmovi / Films Pogled tišine / The Look of Silence Danska, Indonezija, Norveška, Finska, Velika Britanija, 2014, u boji/ Denmark, Indonesia, Norway, Finland, United Kingdom, 2014, Colour, 99‘ Režija / Director: Joshua Oppenheimer, Anonymous/ anonimni autor Uloge / Cast: Adi Rukun, M.Y. Basrun, Amir Hasan, Inong, Kemat, Joshua Oppenheimer, Amir Siahaan
Gledajući Oppenheimerove snimke nekih od učesnika genocida u Indoneziji 1965, preživjeli članovi porodice jedne od žrtava saznaju kako je njihov sin i brat ubijen i ko ga je ubio. Film se fokusira na najmlađeg preživjelog člana porodice, oftamologa Adija, koji donosi odluku da se odupre zagušujućem strahu i potčinjenosti i napravi korak nezamisliv u društvu kojim vladaju ubice. On se naime suočava sa ubicama svoga brata i tokom očnog pregleda zahtijeva od njih da priznaju odgovornost za svoja djela. Ovaj nevjerovatni film je doprinio prekidanju pedeset godina duge šutnje i svjedočio tome procesu.
Through Oppenheimer’s footage of perpetrators of the 1965 Indonesian genocide, a family of survivors discovers how their son was murdered, as well as the identities of the killers. The documentary focuses on the youngest son, an optometrist named Adi, who decides to break the suffocating spell of submission and terror by doing something unimaginable in a society where the murderers remain in power: he confronts the men who killed his brother and, while testing their eyesight, asks them to accept responsibility for their actions. This unprecedented film initiates and bears witness to the collapse of fifty years of silence.
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Selected stories/Odabrane priče Suočavanje s prošlošću - Sajam instinitih priča Dealing with the Past - True Stories Market
Priča 1: Od Bosanca preko Mudžahedina do Teroriste/ Story 1: A Bosnian Turned Mujahedeen then Terrorist Izvor: Balkanska istraživačka mreža Bosne i Hercegovine (BIRN BiH), Bosna i Hercegovina Source: Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN), Bosnia and Herzegovina
Tokom troipogodišnjeg rata u BiH, na područje naše države dolazili su brojni volonteri, koji su se borili na svim stranama. Neki od njih su dolazili iz arapskih zemalja. Iako ne postoji tačan registar ovih osoba arapskog porijekla koji su učestvovali u jedinici El Mudžahedin, jasno je da se radilo o više stotina osoba. Mnogi od njih su nakon kraja sukoba ostali u BiH, zasnovali porodice – najviše na području središnje Bosne. Tokom rata, određeni broj Bosanaca je ostao fasciniran požrtvovanosti vjeri ovih stranih boraca i prihvatio njihovo tumačenje Islama. To su bili prvi počeci Selefijskog pokreta u BiH. Danas nije poznato koliko pripadnika Selefijskog pokreta u BiH ima, ali se radi o više hiljada, neki od kojih žive u potpuno odvojenim zajednicama poput Ošvi ili Gornje Maoče. Preko 200 osoba iz ovog pokreta je otišlo da ratuje u Siriju i Irak, a dvadesetak njih koji su se vratili su osuđeni za terorizam. The three-and-a-half-year-long war in Bosnia and Herzegovina attracted numerous foreign fighters, who came to join all sides of the conflict. Some of these volunteers came from the Arab world. Although no official figures are available, several hundred Arabs are estimated to have fought in the war as part of the El Mujahid unit. A number of these fighters stayed on after the war, mostly in Central Bosnia, settling down and starting families with local women. During the war, some Bosnians were so impressed by the religious dedication of these fighters that they embraced their hard-line brand of Islam, thus sowing the seeds of the Salafist movement in the country. While no official figures are available, several thousand Bosnians are believed to be members of the movement today, including some who live in isolated village communities such as Osve and Gornja Maoca. More than 200 members of the movement have left Bosnia for Syria and Iraq to join the wars there. Around 20 of them who returned to Bosnia were put on trial before national courts and sentenced on charges of terrorism.
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Priča 2: Od dezertera do učesnika u najvećem zločinu/ Story 2: From war deserters to participants in the most notorious war crime Izvor: Balkanska istraživačka mreža Bosne I Hercegovine (BIRN BiH), Bosna i Hercegovina Source: Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN), Bosnia and Herzegovina
U julu 1995. godine počinjen je najveći zločin na području Evrope od Drugog svjetskog rata. U genocidu u Srebrenici ubijeno je skoro 8.000 muškaraca i dječaka a protjerano 40.000 žena, djece i starijih. Sudovi u Haagu i regionu su proglasili da je ovaj zločin bio genocid. U počinjenju genocida učestvovalo je, prema presudama, vojno, policijsko i civilno rukovodstvo Republike Srpske. Manje se zna međutim, da je među osuđenim grupa pripadnika policije RS, koja je na područje Srebrenice poslata s Centra za obuku Jahorina. Ovi pripadnici su ustvari dezerteri koji su tijekom 1995., godine hapšeni po Srbiji gdje su se krili jer upravo nisu željeli da idu u rat. Mladići koji su odbijali da ratuju su primorani da odu na Jahorinu (drugi izbor je bio zatvor), zatim su obučeni da rukuju oružjem, te istrenirani i u julu 1995. godine poslati na teren na Srebrenicu. Prvo su obezbjeđivali putne komunikacije kojima su civili protjerivani, zatim su skupljali preživjele Srebreničane iz šuma, a na kraju su neki i učestvovali u ubistvima u Kravici. Neki od njih, nakon hapšenja u BiH su priznali krivicu i osuđeni su na pet godina zatvora i svjedočili su protiv drugih optuženi, kao i komandanata Centra za obuku Jahorina. The July 1995 massacre in the eastern Bosnian town of Srebrenica remains the worst crime committed on European soil since the Second World War. More than 8,000 men and boys were killed, and 40,000 women, children and elderly persons were expelled from Srebrenica. According to rulings by two Hague-based UN courts and several courts in the Balkans, these events constitute genocide. The courts have found various military, police and political leaders of the Republika Srpska guilty of this crime against humanity. However, it is not widely known that a group of former police officers from Republika Srpska who were found guilty of the genocide had been deserters. These men were arrested in Serbia, where they hid after fleeing the war, and forced to return to Bosnia. The young men who refused to fight in the war were forced to go to Jahorina, or risk prison. They were trained to use weapons, then dispatched to Srebrenica. There, they first secured the roads to prevent anyone from fleeing, then hunted down those who had fled in the surrounding forests. Finally, some of them participated in the execution of survivors in Kravice. Some of these former police officers confessed to their crimes after being arrested in Bosnia and Herzegovina. They were sentenced to five years in prison after agreeing to testify against other suspects, among them the commander of the Jahorina Police Training Centre.
Priča 3: Profil plaćenika – Novac za rat ili zločin/ Story 3: profile of a mercenary soldier – making money off the war or crimes Izvor: Balkanska istraživačka mreža Bosne I Hercegovine (BIRN BiH), Bosna i Hercegovina Source: Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN), Bosnia and Herzegovina
Tokom rata u BiH sve vojne jedinice su imali plaćenike. Osobe upitnog morala, najčešće s kriminalnom prošlosti koji su pristupali onim snagama koji su nudili najviše novca. U Vojsci Republike Srpske postojali su plaćenici iz Srbije, Ukrajine, Rusije, u Hrvatskom Vijeću obrane iz Hrvatske, dok su u Armiji BiH dolazili neke osobe koje su tražile novac iz arapskih zemalja. Ove osobe najčešće su odgovorni za najstrašnije zločine. Možda najeklatantniji primjer plaćenika je Franc Kos – osoba ranije osuđivana za razbojništvo i pokušaj ubistva – koji je prvo bio u jedinicama HVO-a, zatim Armije BiH i na kraju VRS-a. Kao pripadnik Armije
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BiH učestovovao je i diverzijama mostova u Bijeljini preko kojih su išle snage VRS-a, da bi zatim ušao u elitnu jedinicu VRS-a Deseti diverzantski odred, koji je direktno odgovarao Ratku Mladiću i učestvovao je u ubistvima u genocidu u Srebrenici. Kos se trenutno nalazi na izdržavanju kazne i moguće je s njim obaviti razgovor, uz dozvolu Ministarstva pravde BiH. During the Bosnia War, all armies included mercenary soldiers. People of questionable morals, usually with a criminal record, joined the side that paid the most. The Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) had mercenaries from Serbia, Ukraine and Russia; the Croat Defence Council (HVO) had mercenaries from Croatia; and the Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina (AB&H) had mercenaries from some Arab counties. These soldiers for hire often committed the worst crimes of the conflict. Franc Kos might be the most representative example of a war mercenary in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Having served prison time for robbery and attempted murder before the war, Kos first fought with the HVO, then with the AB&H, and finally with the VRS. While serving with the AB&H, he participated in the destruction of bridges in Bijeljina used by VRS soldiers. After that, he joined the 10th Sabotage Detachment, an elite VRS unit under the direct command of Ratko Mladić, during which time he participated in the Srebrenica genocide. Kos was prosecuted after the war and is currently serving a prison sentence. It is possible to interview him in prison if approval is secured from the Ministry of Justice of Bosnia and Herzegovina. BIRN BiH je nevladina organizacija sa sjedištem u Sarajevu specijalizirana za praćenje i izvještavanje sa suđenja za ratne zločine. Organizacija je osnovana 2005. godine sa ciljem da bh javnosti osigura objektivne i pravovremene informacije o procesima tranzicione pravde u zemlji i regiji. BIRN BiH je 2015. pokrenuo zaseban projekt posvećen praćenju i izvještavanju o slučajevima organizovanog kriminala, korupcije i terorizma, kao i za praćenje rada pravosudnih institucija u zemlji. BIRN BiH is a non-governmental organisation based in Sarajevo that specialises in monitoring and reporting on war-crime trials. The organisation was founded in 2005 with the aim of providing the public of Bosnia and Herzegovina with objective and timely information about transitional justice processes taking place in the nation and the region. Since 2015, BIRN BiH has developed a new sub-programme dedicated to monitoring and reporting organised crime, corruption and terrorism cases, as well as monitoring the work of judicial institutions in the country. Kontakt/ Contact person: Katarina Jankovic Koordinatorica projekta/ Project Officer katarina.jankovic@birn.eu.com
Priča 4: Logor Mamula Story 4: Concentration Camp Mamula Izvor: Centar za građansko obrazovanje / Source: Centre for Civic Education (CCO)
Logor na ostrvu Lastavica, poznat je i kao Mamula, rasformiran je nakon kapitulacije Italije 14. septembra 1943, prije 73 godine, a svakog septembra se održava komemoracija u znak sjećanja na zločine koji su se desili na Mamuli. U logoru, koji je osnovan 30. marta 1942 godine po naredbi italijanskog admirala Šestog armijskog korpusa Renco Dalmaza, zatvarani su antifašisti, ratni zarobljenici i civili iz Crne Gore, istočne Hercegovine i iz južne Dalmacije. Kroz Campo Numero 11, kako je bio zvaničan naziv, i onaj na Prevlaci prošlo je 2.332 ljudi od kojih je 50 umrlo od gladi, a oko 80 je osuđeno na smrt i pogubljeno. U logoru, kome je jedini prilaz bio moguć morem sa sjeverne strane, tokom II Svjetskog rata bilo je zatvoreno i 110 žena i djece, od kojih je najmlađe bilo staro 8 dana, a među njima i Ivo Marković iz Pobora kod Budve, koji je govorio o neljudskim uslovima u kojima su gladovali, bolovali i umirali zatDEALING WITH THE PAST / SUOČAVANJE S PROŠLOŠĆU I 15
vorenici, a sa kojim je CGO uradio intervju. Svi su živjeli u teškim uslovima, hladnoj i memljivoj tvrđavi. Preživljavalo se sa kriškom hljeba dnevno i kašikom tečnosti koja je trebalo da bude čorba. U februaru 2015 godine Vlada CG i Oraskom potpisali ugovor o zakupu ostrva Lastavica i tvrđave Mamulana 49 godina, po cijeni od 1.5 eura po kvadratu, a za morski ekvatorij ostrva po 90 centi po kvadratu. Investicioni projekat je vrijedan 15 miliona eura Određeni broj ljudi u Crnoj Gori, posebno uključujući tu i Centar za građansko obrazovanje, su se strogo protivili davanju u zakup, insistirajući da Mamula bude mjesto pomena žrtvama logora. Mamula je samo jedno od mjesta na teritoriji Crne Gore, gdje su počinjeni zločini tokom II svjetskog rata. Ono bi, kao i druga slična mjesta stradanja, moralo biti dio obrazovnog sistema i posebne ponude obrazovnog turizma. Time bi se podsticao razvoj kulture ljudskih prava u Crnoj Gori ali i omogućilo turistima iz drugih država da uče o istoriji i antifašističkoj borbi stanovnika ovog područja. A Second World War concentration camp on the island of Lastavica, popularly known as Mamula, was dissolved 73 years ago after Italy surrendered to the Allied forces on 14 September, 1943. Ever since, an annual gathering is held on the island in September to commemorate the victims of the crimes committed there. The camp was established on 30 March, 1942, on the orders of 6th Italian Army Corps Admiral Renco Dalmaz. Its purpose was to hold anti-fascists, prisoners of war and political prisoners from Montenegro, eastern Herzegovina and southern Dalmatia. At the time, Campo Numero 11 – as it was officially known – and another prison camp in Prevlaka held 2,332 prisoners, among them 50 who died of starvation and a further 80 who were sentenced to death and executed. The camp, which could only be accessed by sea from the East, held among its prisoners 110 women and children, the youngest being an eight-day-old baby. In February, 2015, the government of Montenegro granted a 49-year lease of the island and the fortress to the private company Oraskom t the price of €1.5/ m2 of land and €0.90/m2 of waterfront area. Oraskom plans to invest €15 million to turn the island into a holiday resort. Some in Montenegro, including those at the Centre for Civic Education, strongly oppose this decision, insisting that Mamula should be preserved in its current form to commemorate the camp victims. Mamula is just one of many places in Montenegro where crimes were committed during the Second World War. Its history should be studied in schools, with the histories of other places of suffering. Visits to the island should be organised only as part of a special educational tourism offer. This would serve the purpose of a culture that respect human rights, while enabling visitors from other countries to learn about history of anti-fascist resistance in this part of the world. Centar za građansko obrazovanje (CGO) je nevladina i neprofitna organizacija, osnovana 2002. godine. Vizija CGO-a je Crna Gora kao demokratsko društvo odgovornih građana i građanki. Misija CGO-a je da doprinese razvoju građanskog društva i učešću građana i građanki u oblikovanju politika i donošenju odluka kroz obrazovanje različitih aktera u oblasti demokratije, ljudskih prava i evropskih integracija. Established in 2002, the Centre for Civic Education (CCE) is a non-governmental, non-profit organisation. Its vision is one of Montenegro as a democratic society of responsible citizens. The mission of the CCE is to contribute to the development of civil society and participation of citizens in policy shaping and decision-making through the education of various actors in the fields of democracy, human rights and European integration. Kontakt/ Contact person: Tamara Milaš Saradnica programa/ Programme Associate tamara@cgo-cce.org
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Priča 5: Deportacija izbeglica iz Srebrenice Story 5: Deportations of refugees from Srebrenica Izvor: Fond za humanitarno pravo / Source: Humanitarian Law Centre
Ulazak 10. diverzantskog odreda Vojske Republike Srpske (VRS) u Srebrenicu 11. jula 1995. godine označio je pad zaštićene enklave Srebrenica. U narednih nekoliko dana, VRS je sistematski odvajala muškarce Bošnjake zatečene u enklavi, lovila one koji su pokušali da pobjegnu, a potom ih ubijala u nekoliko masovnih i pojedinačnih streljanja. Do 16. jula ubijeno je preko 7,000 Bošnjaka. Nekolicina Bošnjaka izbjegla je zarobljavanje, prešla granicu na Drini i pokušala da spas nađe u Srbiji. Njihov pokušaj osujetili su graničari tadašnje Savezne Republike Jugoslavije, koji su svakog uhvaćenog muškarca predali nazad VRS-u, nakon čega su oni mahom bivali ubijeni. Do 1. avgusta po ovoj matrici uhvaćeno je i VRS-u predato najmanje 30 muškaraca. Posmrtni ostaci njih 15 pronađeni su u srebreničkim masovnim grobnicama, devetoro se i danas vode kao nestali, a preživjelo ih je svega šest. Njihovi lični predmeti postali su ratni plijen VRS-a. Jedan od deportovanih Bošnjaka je Rešid Sinanović, predratni šef policije u Bratuncu. On je uhvaćen nakon što je preživio masovno streljanje u Kozluku 15. jula, kada je ubijeno najmanje 815 Bošnjaka. Ranjen u grudni koš, Sinanović je ušao u rijeku i dozivao pomoć. Mještani Gornje Koviljače (Srbija) izvukli su ga iz rijeke i odveli u obližnju ambulantu, ali je zbog težine povreda prebačen u bolnicu u Loznici. Doktorica u bolnici, i sama iz Bratunca, prepoznala je Rešida i prijavila ga bratunačkoj policiji. Iz bolnice su ga izveli pripadnici MUP-a Srbije i predali pripadnicima policijske stanice iz Zvornika. Njegovi posmrtni ostaci nađeni su u masovnoj grobnici kod Zvornika. U vrijeme deportacija izbjeglica rukovodstvo Srbije je znalo da se radi o muškarcima koji su izbjegli iz Srebrenice, da u i oko Srebrenice snage bosanskih Srba sistematski ubijaju muškarce Bošnjake, te da se lica koja oni predaju pripadnicima MUP-a Republike Srpske odmah prosljeđuju VRS-u. Oglušivanjem o ova saznanja i predavanjem Bošnjaka uz znanje da će najvjerovatnije biti ubijeni, Srbija je prekršila svoju međunarodnu obavezu da zaštiti izbjeglice, ali i pomogla u počinjenju ratnog zločina, zločina protiv čovječnosti i genocida. The fall of the UN’s “safe haven” of Srebrenica into the hands of the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) commenced with the entry into the town of soldiers from the 10th Sabotage Detachment of the VRS on 11 July, 1995. Over the followjing days, VRS soldiers systematically captured and executed Bosniak men and boys found in Srebrenica, including many who were hunted down while they tried to flee. By 16July, more than 8,000 Bosniak men and boys were executed. Some men managed to escape and reached the border at the Drina River, hoping they would be allowed to cross into Serbia and find protection there. However, their attempt to cross the border was prevented by the border guards of the then Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, who returned them to the VRS to be executed. By 1 August 1, at least 30 Bosniak men had been captured by border guards and turned over to the VRS. The remains of 15 of these deported men were found in mass graves in Srebrenica; nine others are still reported missing; only six managed to survive. The deportees’ personal possessions were confiscated and kept as spoils of war by the VRS. One such deportee was the pre-war Head of the Bratunac police, Resid Sinanović. He survived a mass execution in Kozluk on 15 July, 1995, when the VRS killed at least 815 men from Srebrenica. Sinanović, who suffered bullet wounds to his chest, entered the Drina and called for help. The villagers of Gornja Koviljaca (in Serbia) rescued him and took him to a local hospital, but he was transferred to a hospital in nearby Loznica due to the severity of his wounds. A Loznica hospital doctor who was originally from Bratunac recognized Sinanovićand reported him to the Bratunac police. Serbian police officers took Sinanovićout of the hospital and turned him over to Bosnian Serb police in Zvornik. His remains were found in a mass grave near Zvornik. At the time the deportations took place, the leaders of the Serbian government knew of the mass killings in Srebrenica. By turning over the men who had fled Bosnia to the VRS knowing they were likely to be killed, Serbia violated its international obligation to protect refugees and effectively assisted the VRS in comitting war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. DEALING WITH THE PAST / SUOČAVANJE S PROŠLOŠĆU I 17
Priča 6: Krivična prijava za zločine počinjene u Doboju Story 6: Criminal Complaint over crimes committed in Doboj Izvor: Fond za humanitarno pravo / Source: Humanitarian Law Centre
Radojica Božović danas je zadužen za fizičko osiguranje uprave fudbalskog kluba Partizan iz Srbije. Donedavno je bio fudbalski menadžer u Crnoj Gori, a jedno vrijeme i predsjednik tamošnjeg fudbalskog kluba Zeta. Od 1994. godine bio je zaposlen u Resoru državne sigurnosti Srbije; 1997. godine ulazi u Jedinicu za specijalne operacije, gdje ostaje sve do 1998. godine. Tokom 1992. godine Božović je bio komandant treće taktičke grupe Crvenih beretki na Ozrenu, kod Doboja u BiH. Jedinica Resora državne sigurnosti Ministarstva unutrašnjih poslova Republike Srbije „Crvene beretke“ zauzela je 3. maja 1992. godine grad Doboj. Sljedeći naređenja Radojice Božovića, pripadnici ove jedinice izvršili su progon, ubojstva, mučenja i nečovječna postupanje prema civilima. Tako su krajem maja Crvene beretke protjerale Bošnjake iz sela Bukovačke Čivčije. Deo prognanih je razmijenjen za zarobljene Srbe, a deo je odveden u logor u fabrici na Usori. Također, sve do augusta 1992. godine Božović i pripadnici Crvenih beretki naređivali su stražarima Centralnog zatvora u Doboju kog pritvorenika treba mučiti. Sam Božović ih je primoravao da pjevaju srpske nacionalističke pjesme, uz prijetnju da će biti zaklani. Jednom prilikom je pritvoreniku naredio da izabere 10 drugih pritvorenika koji će biti ubijeni. Nakon odbijanja, Božović je pritvorenika pretukao, povrijedio nožem i pretio da će ga zaklati. Progon i nečovječno postupanje pratile su pljačke Bošnjaka i njihovih kuća. Iz kuće lokalnog zlatara Božović je odnio svo zlato, a Bošnjaci zatočeni u zgradi Sekretarijata unutrašnjih poslova u Doboju, davali su mu velike sume novca kako bi bili oslobođeni. Krajem maja 1992. godine Božović je naredio da se ubije jedan pripadnik Zbora narodne garde. Pripadnici Crvenih beretki ispalili su u njega metak, na mjestu ga lišivši života. Zbog sumnje da su počinili navedene zločine, Fond za humanitarno pravo podnio je 21. juna 2017. godine krivičnu prijavu protiv Radojice Božovića i još dvojice pripadnika ove jedinice. Today, Radojica Bozović works as the chief security officer for the management of the Serbian football club Partizan. Until recently, he worked as a football manager in Montenegro, and for a while he was also the president of the Montenegrin football club Zeta. In 1994, Bozović was a member of Serbia’s state security service. In 1997, he joined the Serbian Interior Ministry’s special operations unit, the Red Berets, and was a member until 1998. In 1992, Bozović was the commander of the third tactical detachment of the Red Berets unit stationed on Mount Ozren, near the Bosnian town of Doboj. Members of the Red Berets captured Doboj on 3 May, 1992. On Bozović’s orders, unit members participated in deportations, killings, torture and inhumane treatment of the Doboj civilians. Close to the end of May, 1992, the Red Berets deported the Bosniak population of the village of Bukovacke Civcije. Some deportees were exchanged for captured Serbs, while others were taken to a prison camp set up in a factory in Usora. Further, until August, 1992, Bozović and other members of the Red Berets had effective control over the prison guards at the district prison in Doboj, and indicated to them which prisoners to torture. Bozović himself forced prisoners to sing nationalist Serbian songs, threatening to slaughter them if they refused. On one occasion, he ordered one of the imprisoned men to select 10 other prisoners to be executed. When the man refused, Bozović beat him, cut him with a knife and threatened to kill him. Houses of deported and abused Bosniaks were pillaged and Bozović personally took gold from the house of the local goldsmith. Bosniaks who had been imprisoned at the Doboj police building gave Bozović large sums of money to secure their release. At the end of May, 1992, Bozović ordered the murder of a local member of the Croatian National Guard. Members of the Red Berets immediately shot and killed the man. On 21 June, 2017, the Humanitarian Law Centre filed a criminal complaint against Radojica Bozović and two other former members of the Red Berets, accusing them of participation in the crimes noted above.
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Fond za humanitarno pravo (FHP) pomaže post-jugoslovenskim društvima da uspostave vladavinu prava i prihvate nasljeđe masovnog kršenja ljudskih prava, kako bi se utvrdila krivična odgovornost za počinioce, zadovoljila pravda i onemogućilo ponavljanje zločina. Od svog osnivanja 1992. godine FHP je dokumentirao i izvještavao o ratnim zločinima i drugim zlodjelima počinjenim tokom ratova u bivšoj Jugoslaviji. Prikupljenu dokumentaciju FHP je koristio za oblikovanje i zagovaranje primjene mehanizama tranzitivne pravde, s ciljem da oni pomognu državama i društvima da priznaju i prihvate odgovornost za počinjena nedjela. Centralno mesto u svim svojim inicijativama FHP je ustupao žrtvama, slušajući i pomažući da ispričaju svoje iskustvo. O tome svjedoči i oko 30,000 arhiviranih izjava žrtava i svjedoka, koje čuvaju pamćenje na njihovo stradanje i predstavljaju okosnicu jedinstvenog popisa ljudskih gubitaka tijekom ratova u bivšoj Jugoslaviji. The Humanitarian Law Centre (HLC) supports post-Yugoslav societies in the promotion of the rule of law and acceptance of legacy of mass human-rights violations for the purpose of establishing criminal responsibility of the perpetrators, delivering justice and preventing the recurrence of such crimes. Since its founding in 1992, the HLC has been documenting and reporting on war crimes and other crimes committed during the wars in the former Yugoslavia. The HLC uses collected documentation to build and promote a transitional justice mechanism aimed at helping states and societies to acknowledge and accept responsibility for their crimes. Victims have always been in the focus of all HLC activities. The HLC supports the victims and helps them verbalise their past experiences. As the result, they have collected around 30,000 victim statements and testimonies which preserve the memory of the victims’ suffering and form the core of a register of human losses in the wars in the former Yugoslavia. Kontakt/ Contact person: Časlav Ninković Koordinator ureda/ Office Coordinator office@hlc-rdc.org
Priča 7: Srbija i Kosovo – interkulturalni ledolomci Story 7: Serbia and Kosovo: Intercultural Icebreakers Izvor: Helsinški odbor za ljudska prava u Srbiji / Source: Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia
Umjetnička radionica “Srbija i Kosovo: interkulturalni ledolomci” okuplja mlade umjetnike iz Srbije i Kosova kako bi zajedno pripremali umjetničke projekte i učestvovali u susretima umjetnika iz dvaju zemalja koji mijenjaju njihove živote. U projektu učestvuju osobe rođene nakon rata na Kosovu koji su obilježila masovna kršenja ljudskih prava. Učesnici su pak, tokom odrastanja, iskusili drugu vrstu trauma. Mladi umjetnici iz Kosova i Srbije su odgajani na stereotipima i bojali su se jedni drugih. Posjeta “neprijateljskoj” zemlji je za učesnike projekta predstavljala veliki izazov. Jedna mlada umjetnica iz Prištine je posebno emotivno reagovala na posjetu Srbiji. Sjeća se kako se po dolasku u Srbiju pitala: “Šta ću ja ovdje? Zašto sam došla u zemlju koja je započela rat i još uvijek ne priznaje nezavisnost Kosova?” Naučena je da vjeruje da se Srbiji može oprostiti samo ako se izvine za zločine koje su njene snage počinile na Kosovu, izruči ratne zločince, vrati otuđena sredstva iz penzionog fonda, zemljišne knjige, kulturna dobra. “Osjećala sam se kao izdajnica i to me je proganjalo,” rekla je. Međutim, umjetnici koje je upoznala u Srbiji su promijenili njen život. “Učinili su da se osjećam dobrodošlo. Zapravo borili smo se za iste stvari: za slobodu, za sigurniji i normalniji svijet.” Drugi student, iz Novog Sada, je izjavio: “Svaki Srbin nosi težak teret prošlog rata kojeg se moramo zauvijek riješiti. Ali za to je potrebno vrijeme; to je nešto što možemo uraditi samo korak po korak i samo ako svako od nas preduzme nešto po tom pitanju.” The art colony Serbia and Kosovo: Intercultural Icebreakers is made up of a group of young artists from Serbia and Kosovo. They have worked on joint art campaigns and met artists from both countries, which changed their lives. The participants were children during, or born after, the war in Kosovo, during which there were massive violations of human rights. They experienced different traumas during their childDEALING WITH THE PAST / SUOČAVANJE S PROŠLOŠĆU I 19
hood years. The young artists from Kosovo and Serbia grew up with stereotypes about one another and feared meeting one another. Visiting the country of the “enemy” was a challenging experience for those involved. One young artist from Pristina was particularly overwhelmed by emotion when she arrived in Serbia. She asked herself: What am I doing here? How could I come in the country that started the war, and that still does not recognize Kosovo’s independence? Her head spun with the notion that Serbia must apologize for the crimes its forces committed in Kosovo, extradite war criminals, return pension funds, cadastral registries and cultural artifacts… before she could try to forgive. “I felt like a traitor. This feeling haunted me,” she says. However, the artists she met in Serbia changed her life. “I felt myself welcome. In fact, we were fighting for the same thing, for freedom, for a safer and saner world”. A student from Novi Sad says: “To be Serbian means to carry the heavy burden of the war, which needs to be lifted forever. And that is something that takes time, needs to be done step by step. Every person should do something”. Helsinški komitet za ljudska prava (HKLJP) je jedna od vodećih nevladinih organizacija u Srbiji koja prati stanje ljudskih prava u kontekstu opšte društveno-ekonomske i političke situacije u zemlji. Komitet je prepoznatljiv po projektima čij je cilj suočavanje s prošlošću. Kroz bogatu izdavačku i filmsku djelatnost, kao i svoj nedavno osnovani web portal YU-istorija, komitet propituje uzroke srpskog nacionalizma, istoriju Jugoslavije, kao i razloge njenog raspada i ratova na njenom tlu. HKLJP je od 1997 aktivno angažovan na prevazilaženju netrpeljivosti između Srba i Albanaca. U tom smislu se posebno fokusiraju na projekte koji promovišu međuetničku i prekograničnu saradnju između mladih ljudi, kako bi normalizovali i ohrabrili protok kreativnih ideja unutar i između različitih zajednica. As one of the leading NGOs in Serbia, the Helsinki Committee (HCHRS) examines the situation of human rights in Serbia in light of the country’s overall socio-economic and political context. Dealing with the past is the organisation’s landmark programme. Through publishing and film production, as well as the very new web portal YU historija, the Committee is dealing with the roots of Serbian nationalism and the history of Yugoslavia, as well as the causes of its disintegration and the wars that followed. HCHRS is notably engaged in helping overcome Serb-Albanian rancour since 1997. A special focus is on inter-ethnic co-operation in a cross-border context among young people, with the aim of normalising and encouraging the flow of creative initiatives within and among communities. Kontakt/ Contact person: Izabela Kisic Izvršna direktorica/ Executive Director kisicizabela@gmail.com
Priča 8: Zehra / Story 8: Zehra Izvor: Medica Zenica / Source: Medica Zenica
„Medica“ Zenica je provela istraživanje o dugoročnim posljedicama ratnog silovanja i strategijama suočavanja preživjelih u Bosni i Hercegovini 2014. godine pod nazivom “Još uvijek smo žive. Mi smo ranjene, ali smo hrabre i jake.” Kroz istraživanje smo željele saznati o dugoročnim posljedicama ratnog silovanja u Bosni i Hercegovini. U ovom sveobuhvatnom istraživanju kombinovane su kvantitativne i kvalitativne metode istraživanja. Kvalitativna metodologija se bazirala na životim pričama preživjelih ratnog seksualnog nasilja, a intervjue životnih priča su vodile dvije profesionalke iz „Medice“ Zenica, mr.sci. Sabiha Husić, direktorica i psihoterapeutkinja „Medice“ Zenica i Irma Šiljak, asistentica programa „Medice „Zenica. Mr.sci. Sabiha Husić je vodila intervju, a druga je imala ulogu posmatrača i obavljala je tehničku pripremu za intervju. Za svaki intervju bilo je potrebno 3 dana jer su intervjui trajali u rasponu od tri do sedam sati, s pauzama za ručak i drugim potrebnim pauzama. Nakon što je završen intervju, svakoj sagovornici je omogućen debriefing (sažimanje) s terapeutkinjom „Medice“ Zenica, a intervjuerke su imale priliku da međusobno razmijene svoje osjećaje, misli i općenito reakcije na intervju. Nakon obavljenih intervjua ista osoba, saradnica „Medice“ Zenica, uradila je transkript 20 I DEALING WITH THE PAST / SUOČAVANJE S PROŠLOŠĆU
svih audiosnimaka intervjua kako bi se osigurala dosljednost. Dvije članice istraživačkog tima „Medice“ Zenica, Sabiha Husić i Irma Šiljak, prvo su analizirale životne priče odvojeno, a onda zajedno. Za finalnu analizu podataka dobivenih intervjuom o životnoj priči korišten je program MAXQDA Plus. Nakon objavljivanja istraživanja, istraživačice su odlučile da dodatno obrade priče i prilagode ih za snimanje u formi kratkog filma u kojem bi glumice čitale životne priče. „Medica“ Zenica je snimila ukupno 7 kratkih filmova o životnim pričama žena koje su preživjele seksualno nasilje u ratu u Bosni i Hercegovini, a kratki film koji će biti prikazan na Sarajevo Film Festivalu 2017.godine priča životnu priču danas pedestčetverogodišnje žene, koja je u vrijeme preživljenog silovanja imala 32 godine. In 2014, Medica Zenica conducted research on the long-term effects of wartime rape and the coping strategies of survivors in Bosnia and Herzegovina entitled, “We are still alive. We have been harmed but we are brave and strong.” For the purposes of the study, Medica Zenica combined quantitative and qualitative research methods. The qualitative part of the study relied on life-story interviews with survivors of war rape. The survivors were interviewed by Medica Zenica director and psychotherapist, Sabiha Husic, M.Sc., while project assistant Irma Siljak was responsible for technical preparation and monitoring of the interviews. Interviews lasted between three and seven hours over three days. Upon the completion of the interview, each collocutor was debriefed by a Medica Zenica therapist, and the interviewers had the opportunity to share their feelings, thoughts and general reactions to the interview. All interviews were recorded on audio and the same person from Medica Zenica transcribed all the recordings to ensure consistency. Husic and Siljak analysed conducted interviews, first separately and then together. Data collected through life story interviews was analysed using the computer coding program MAXQDA Plus. After publishing the research report, researchers decided to make short films based on the collected life stories. In each of the seven films, a professional actress reads the life story of an interviewee. The short film screening at the 2017 Sarajevo Film Festival is based on the life story of a 54-yearold woman who was 32 when she was raped. “Medica” Zenica je najstarija stručna ženska nevladina organizacija, koja od aprila 1993. godine kontinuirano pruža sveobuhvatnu pomoć, podršku i zbrinjavanje ženama i djeci žrtvama ratnog, a potom i poratnog nasilja, uključujući žrtve ratnih silovanja i ostalih oblika ratne torture, te seksualnog nasilja u mirnodopskim uslovima; žrtve porodičnog nasilja, kao i žrtve trgovine ljudima. Uz direktni rad sa žrtvama ratne traume i nasilja u mirnodopskim okolnostima, „Medica“ Zenica realizuje edukativne, istraživačke, zalagačke i izdavačke projekte, usmjerene na promociju i zaštitu ljudskih prava, prevenciju i rehabilitaciju od ratne traume, seksualnog i porodičnog nasilja, uspostavu referalnih mehanizama, uspostava jedinstvene baze podataka na području Općine Zenica i institucionalnih mreža uz korištenje postojećih resursa iz zajednice,te suzbijanje trgovine ljudima. Tokom nepunih 25 godina rada i djelovanja „Medica“ Zenica je pružila preko 450,000 različitih usluga korisnicama/cima širom Bosne i Hercegovine, te publikovala preko 90 različitih publikacija. Established in April 1993, Medica Zenica is the oldest expert non-governmental organisation that provides comprehensive assistance, support and care to women and children survivors of war-time and post-war violence, including to the victims of war rape and other forms of wartime torture, the victims of post-war sexual and family violence, and victims of human trafficking. In direct co-operation with survivors of war and post-war violence and other traumatic experiences, Medica Zenica implements numerous educational, research and advocacy projects aimed at the promotion and protection of human rights, the prevention of war trauma and the rehabilitation of survivors, the prevention of sexual and family violence, the establishment of effective support mechanisms for and a register of victims of the municipality of Zenica, as well as the creation of institutional networks that utilise existing community resources. Over the past two-and-a-half decades, Medica Zenica has provided more than 450,000 services to it beneficiaries all around Bosnia and Herzegovina, and has published more than 90 publications. Kontakt/ Contact person: Mediha Haskic Direktorica/ Director mediha91@gmail.com DEALING WITH THE PAST / SUOČAVANJE S PROŠLOŠĆU I 21
Priča 9: Zločinci među nama / Story 9: Criminals among us Izvor: Udruženje za društvena istraživanja i komunikacije Source: Association for Social Research and Communications
Trinaestog oktobra Radio Bosne i Hercegovine obavještava o razmjeni logoraša logora Baktović. Senija je u tom momentu na svom novom radnom mjestu. U frizerskom salonu Himze Bajrića u Gračanici. Brije čovjeka. U tom momentu isti Radio u istoj vijesti objavljuje da je razmijenjeno 180 Brčaka, samo nije Edhem. Pušta nekoliko suza, ali niko u lokalu ne shvata šta se desilo. Nikome i ne govori. Mislila je da nije dobro čula. Da je možda urednik na radiju pogriješio. Međutim, u 11:00 sati Radio Bosne i Hercegovine će objaviti da je Edhem ubijen. Sada je bila sigurna. „Nastavila sam sa radom, iako mi je bilo teško“, kaže ona. Zamolila je učenicu da joj donese jednu čašu vode i malo šećera, da bi se smirila, a potom nastavila. „Nisam ni pomišljala da prekinem sa poslom, iz razloga jer sam znala da mi je to jedina egzistencija. Morala sam prehraniti dvoje djece“, nastavlja svoju priču. Iako su kolege zahtijevale da prekine sa radom, odbila je. Nakon radnog vremena otišla je kući i kod kuće tragičnu vijest saopćila kćerki. Dijana je zaplakala. Senija je nastavila svoju borbu za život. Poslije toga je počela da traži od Međunarodnog Crvenog križa da njegovu smrt i oni potvrde. Crveni križ je u Zagrebu potvrdio: Edhem je ubijen u logoru Batković kod Bijeljine. Edhem je bio logoraš logora Luka u Brčkom i Batković kod Bijeljine. Preživio je maltretiranja, sadistička, hladnokrvna i entuzijastična ubijanja Srpskog Adolfa Gorana Jelisića u logoru Luka, u Brčkom. Preživio je egzekucije u Batkoviću koje su izvodili Fikret Smajlović zvani Piklić i Džemal Zahirović zvani Špajzer. Dana 13. oktobra, dok su seljaci čekali na kapiji logora da dobiju logoraše za rad na svojim imanjima, Edhem je istrčao i prvom seljaku opalio šamar. Bio je to pouzdan znak da je Edhem prežalio vlastiti život, te je želio da mu se skrate muke što je stražar jedva i dočekao. Odjeknuo je rafal. Logoraš je pao, ali je smogao snage da se pridigne i vikne: „Pucajte, ne možete me ubiti!“ On October 13, Radio of Bosnia and Herzegovina reported on a prisoner exchange, as part of which the prisoners of the Batković prison camp were to be released. At that moment, Senija was at work on her new job at Himzo Bajrić’s hair salon in Gračanica. She was shaving a customer when the radio reported that 180 men from Brčko had been exchanged and that only Edhem was not among them. A few tears rolled down her cheeks, but nobody at the salon realised what was happening. She did not tell anyone. She thought she might have misunderstood the reporter or that maybe the reporter was wrong. However, in a new report broadcast at 11am, the reporter repeated that Edhem had been killed, confirming Senija’s dreadful suspicion. “I continued working although it was hard,” she remembers. She asked an apprentice to bring her a glass of water and a bit of sugar to help her calm down, then continued to work. “I did not even consider stopping because I knew I needed that job to feed my two children.” Although her colleagues insisted she take a break, she refused. After work, she went home and shared the tragic news with her daughter Dijana. Dijana started crying. Senija continued her fight for survival. Later she asked the International Committee of the Red Cross for confirmation of Edhem’s death. The ICRC office in Zagreb confirmed that Edhem had been killed at the Batković camp, near Bijeljina. Edhem was held prisoner in two camps; first at Camp Luka in Brčko, then Camp Batković near Bijeljina. In Brčko, he survived torture and witnessed sadistic, cold-hearted and enthusiastic killings of prisoners by Goran Jelišić, known as the Serb “Adolf”. At Batković, Edhem survived mock executions staged by Fikret Smajlović, known as Piklić, and Džemal Zahirović, known as Špajzer. On 13 October, as local villagers waited to collect prisoners from the camp to work on their farms, Edhem run to the nearest villager and slapped him on the face. It was a clear sign that Edhem no longer wanted to live and the camp guard eagerly granted him his wish. A machine gun rattled. Edhem fell to the ground, but he gathered strength to raise his head once more before dying and shouted: “Shoot, you cannot kill me!”
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Udruženje za društvena istraživanja i komunikacije (UDIK) je regionalna nevladina organizacija za ljudska prava i međunarodno humanitarno pravo, osnovana 2013. godine. Glavni osnivač i koordinator je Edvin Kanka Ćudid. UDIK ima dvije kancelarije u Sarajevu i Brčkom. U cilju što boljeg suočavanja s prošlošću, UDIK se bavi memorijalizacijom u bivšoj Jugoslaviji, prikupljanju dokumenata o ratnim zločinima devedesetih i njihovom dokumentovanju, edukacijom mladih osoba i predavača historije, kao i mapiranjem spomenika i stvaranjem Centralne evidencije spomenika. UDIK-ova snaga se ogleda u jakoj vezi aktivizma i želje za uspostavljanjem održivog mira čime bi se stvorio drugačiji i bolji Balkan. The Association for Social Research and Communication (UDIK) is a regional non-governmental organisation for human rights and international humanitarian law, established in 2013. The main founder and co-ordinator of the association is Edvin Kanka Ćudić. UDIK has two offices, one in Sarajevo and the other in Brcko. In order to assust in efforts to deal with the region’s brutal past, UDIK researches post-war memorials built in the former Yugoslavia, collects and publishes documents on war crimes committed in the 1990s, educates young people and history teachers, and maps post-war memorials to create a Central Register of Monuments. UDIK’s strength lies in its strong links with activists and activism, as well as in its commitment to the building of a better Balkans and protecting lasting peace in the region. Kontakt/ Contact person: Vanja Tripić Menadžer ureda/ Office Manager official.udik@outlook.com
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pravoljudski.org
12. PRAVO LJUDSKI FILM FESTIVAL 8–13 NOVEMBER 2017 SARAJEVO
Notes
DEALING WITH THE PAST / SUOČAVANJE S PROŠLOŠĆU I 25
Tim projekta / Team Voditeljica projekta/Project Manager: Maša Marković Koordinator projekta/Project Coordinator: Ishak Jalimam Domaćin programa Suočavanje s prošlošću/ Host of the programme Dealing with the Past: Robert Tomić Zuber Selekcijski odbor za Sajam istinitih priča/ Selection board for True Stories Market: Mirsad Purivatra Jovan Marjanović Djani Hasečić Boro Kontić Maša Marković
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Sarajevo Film Festival Zelenih Beretki 12, 71000 Sarajevo / Bosnia and Herzegovina tel. +387 33 221 516 / +387 33 209 411 / +387 33 263 380 / fax +387 33 263 381 www.sff.ba | info-sff@sff.ba | dwp@sff.ba