Architectural Documentation Shekhawati, Rajasthan.
- Shivani Garg (17071878141) Gurkirat Singh (17071878150) Jyotima Bharmouri(17071878151) Satyam Gupta (17071878171)
CONTENTS S. No :
Name of the figure
Page no.
1
Architectural documentation 1.1 - Objective 1.2 - Scope 1.3 - Limitations
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Shekhawati 2.1 - Introduction 2.2 - Geography 2.3 - Climate 2.4 - People 2.5 - Location 2.6 - Demography 2.7 - Agriculture 2.8 - Education 2.9 - Language 2.10 - History 2.11 - Attract
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3
Laxmangarh
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3.1 - Famous destinations 3.2 - How to reach Laxmangarh 3.3 - History and Origin 3.4 - Population size 3.5 - Location 4
Char Chowk ki Haveli 4.0 - Introduction 4.1 - Location plan 4.2 - Background of the haveli 4.3 - About the site 4.4 - Traditional building materials 4.5 - Contemporary elements of facade 4.6 - Organisation of areas 4.7 - Architectural character 4.8 - Spatial description 4.9 - Mass space relationship 4.10 - Ventilation and light 4.11 - Architectural Expression 4.12 - Architectural Features 4.13 - Elevational Analysis
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CONTENTS S. No :
Name of the figure
Page no.
5
Fatehpur
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5.1- Location 5.2- Demographics 5.3- Climate 5.4- Topography 5.5- Places to visit in Fatehpur Singhania Haveli 6.1- Location plan 6.2- Description 6.3- History 6.4- Site 6.5- Building level 6.6- Architectural expression
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Jhunjhunu 7.1- Famous destinations 7.2- How to reach Jhunjhunu 7.3- History and origin 7.4- Location Modi haveli 8.1- Background of the haveli 8.2- About the site 8.3- Traditional buildiing materials 8.4- Contemporary elements of facade 8.5- Entrance typology 8.6- Confirguration of path 8.7- Path space relationship 8.8- Proportion and scale 8.9- Mass space relationship Khetri Mahal 9.1- Location Plan 9.2- Background of the haveli 9.3- About the site 9.4-Traditional building materials 9.5-Contemporary elements of facade 9.6-Organisation of areas 9.7-Architectural character 9.8- Elevational analysis 9.9- Light and ventilation
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FIGURES S. No :
Name of the figure
Page no.
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
Climate of Shekhawati region Map showing India Map showing Rajasthan Map showing Shekhawati Princely states of Shekhawati Decorated frescos
2 3 3 3 5 5
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
Grand view of Laxmangarh Fort Indian map Rajasthan map Sikar map
6 7 7 7
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4
Facade of the Building Geographical location Wooden entry door Arched Balcony
8 8 9 9
3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13
Bay Window Chattris Ventilation and light Cornices Eastern Elevation Arched windows Wooden doors Arched sitting areas Decorated cornices
9 9 12 12 13 13 13 13 13
Location plans Climate Nadine-La-prince haveli Goenka haveli Dua janti balaji dham temple
14 14 15 15 16
Singhania haveli Main entrance Open to sky courtyard
18 19 20
4.1-4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.14 4.18 4.19
FIGURES S. No :
Name of the figure
Page no.
4.21 4.26 4.27 4.30
Zoning Rhthym in elevations Repition in elevations Structure system
21 24 24 26
5.1 5.2 5.2
Street view of jhunjhunu View from modi haveli terrace View from modi haveli terrace
30 30 30
6.1 6.2 6.3 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.13 6.14
Geographical location Facade of the haveli Corner elements Painted brackets Foliated arches Entrance of structures Entrance of room Path space relationship External zoning Open and builtup percentage Open and builtup zoning Staircase details
34 34 35 35 35 36 36 36 36 37 37 39
7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6
Southern haveli Geographical location Onion dome projections Carved windows in interior Raised level in interior Projected balconies
51 51 52 52 52 52
ANNEXURE OF PLATES S.no :
Name of the drawing
1.1
Ground floor plan
1.2
First floor plan
1.3
Roof plan
1.4
Elevations
1.5
Sections
2.1
Ground floor plan
2.2
First floor plan
2.3
Roof plan
2.4
Elevations
2.5
Sections
3.1
Ground floor plan
3.2
First floor plan
3.3
Roof plan
3.4
Elevations
3.5
Sections
4.1
Ground floor plan
4.2
First floor plan
4.3
Roof plan
4.4
Elevations
4.5
Sections
PREFACE
The project is done as a part of the curriculum of the VII semester students under the subject Architectural Design. The objective of the study is to explore the methodology practicing and intervening in the historical sites and structures, which will develop an understanding of the significance of historical sites/structures and assessment of their related issues. A group of four students, Shivani Garg, Gurkirat Singh, Jyotima Bharmouri and Satyam Gupta of the batch 2018-2023, were allowed to choose the historical site that includes Char Chowk ki Haveli, Singhania Haveli, Khetri Haveli, Modi Haveli, Shekhawati for architectural documentation. The site was chosen as of its great historical value and need to be preserved for the conservation of our heritage and the timelessness of the era in which they were built. The procedure involved series of site visits to the site which were followed by a series of discussion with the faculty. The whole process was an integration of field work and design study. The process followed throughout the documentation was divided into the following Stages: ¢ Site work and /collection of data ¢ Analysis of data and preparation of architectural design ¢ Conditional assessment and compilation of report The whole project was very resourceful endeavor.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This research was supported by Ar. Pinto Emerson and Ar. Harvinder Kaur. We would like to express special thanks of gratitude to our mentors, who provided insight and expertise that greatly assisted the research, although they may not agree with all of the interpretations/conclusions of this paper. I would also like to express my gratitude to my teammates and various organizations which helped. I am also immensely grateful to Ar. Pinto Emerson and Ar. Harvinder Kaur for their comments on an earlier version of the report although any errors are my own and should not tarnish the reputations of these esteemed persons. This project helped us understand various architectural styles, construction techniques and uses of locally available materials can create a huge difference.
Shivani Garg (17071878141) Gurkirat Singh (17071878150) Jyotima Bharmouri (17071878151) Satyam Gupta (17071878171)
1. Architectural Documentation of havelis of the Shekhawati region. 1.1 Objective : • Architectural documentation and analysis of the religious, residential havelis. • Architectural documentation and analysis of the construction techniques used in residential and religious structures of the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan, India. 1.2 Scope : • Documentation and analysis of the residential structures :1. Char Chowk ki Haveli , Laxmangarh. 2. Singhania Haveli, Fatehpur. 3. Khetri Haveli, Jhunjhunu. 4. Modi Haveli, Jhunjhunu. 1.3 Limitations • Due to security and privacy concerns , we were not able to cover more havelis and structures. • Lack of information about Architectural characters and other information in records, thus based on information based on the local inhabitants. • Loss of plaster and other details like frescos on outer and inner facades makes it difficult to generate conjectural image of the structures like in Char Chowk ki haveli, Khetri Haveli etc.
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SHEKHAWATI 2.1 Introduction • Shekhawati is located in North Rajasthan, comprising the districts of Jhunjhunu, Sikar, Churu and Jaipur. It is bounded on the northwest by the Bikaner region, on the northeast by Haryana, on the east by Mewat, on the southeast by Dhundhar, on the south by Ajmer, and on the southwest by the Marwar region. Its area is 13784 square kilometers. • In the 17th to 19th centuries, Marwari merchants constructed grand havelis in the Shekhawati region. Steeped in wealth and affluence, the merchants attempted to outdo others by building more grand edifices – homes, temples, and step wells which both inside and outside were richly decorated with painted murals. 2.2 Geography • There are no major rivers flowing here except few seasonal ones like “Katli”. The sea shore is also thousand of kilometers far from Shekhawati, the nearest port is Kandla in Gujarat. The Aravali mountain range has a presence in Shekhawati area. Shekhawati is restricted to the east of the Aravalli Range which cuts through the present district of Sikar and forms an eastern border to Jhunjhunu. To the west of the Aravallis lay the desert state of Bikaner. - Max. Temp.
2.3 Climate
- Min. Temp.
• The weather in Shekhawati region can be very harsh. Thus, visiting the region during summer is quite a risk; same goes for winters. Hence, the best time to visit the region is any time between October and March. February is kind of special for the visits for two reasons. 2.4 People
Figure 1.1 - Climate of Shekhawati region
• Shekhawati is also known for it’s business tycoons and entrepreneurial spirit of her people. This website is a virtual tourist destination with all its grandeur and splendors as well as other important information you may need about this region. Shekhawati is the most prosperous region of the state of Rajasthan, the main source of income of the people of the region is Military Jobs, Farming & Tourism.
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2.5 Location
Figure 1.2 - Map showing India.
Figure 1.3 - Map showing Rajasthan
Figure 1.4 -Map showing Shekhawati
2.6 Demography • As per the provisional data of 2011 census , Shekhawati region had a population of 48,14,000; out of which 24,69,000 were males and 23,43,000 were females. The total share was around 7% in the total population of Rajasthan. • The rural population accounts for around 77% and 23% people are the urban population. According to the census , the average population growth rate of the state was around 21.31%. 2.7 Agriculture • The Shekhawati region has the highest literacy in the state.[23] The predominant farming communities in the rural areas of Shekhawati are the Jats.
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2.8 Education • Recently, the Shekhawati region has shown immense growth in the education sector and has become one of the most successful belt in terms of merit results. There are many schools and colleges that have been established, which is the prime reason of the huge success the region is seeing. Shekhawati is even used for name keeping of the Institutes[clarification needed]like Shekhawati Public School, Dundlod, Shekhawati Engineering college. There are many institutes named after Shekhawati. 2.9 Language • Shekhawati is a dialect of the Rajasthani language and is spoken by about three million speakers in the Churu, Jhunjhunu, and Sikar districts of Rajasthan. Even though it is a very important dialect from the grammatical and literary points of view, very little work is carried out on it. In 2001 a descriptive compendium of the grammar of Shekhawati was published. • Shekhawati, like the Bagri dialect of Ganganagar and Hanumangarh districts, has a parallel lexicon which makes it very rich from a lexicographical point of view. The presence of high tone at the suprasegmental level classifies it with other dialects of Rajasthani. It has contributed significantly to the development of Rajasthani language and linguistics.
2.10 History • The Shekhawat Rajputs ruled over the Shekhawati region for over 500 years. The Shekhawats are the most prominent among all the subclans of the Kachwaha Dynasty of Jaipur. Sir Yadunath Sarkar in his book Fall of The Mughal Empire, wrote that Shekhawats were the bravest among the sub-clans of Kachawaha Dynasty of Jaipur. • Being one of the 65 branches of the Kachhawa ruling clan of Jaipur, and the most prominent of all the Kachhawas, and are the descendants of great Rajput warrior, Rao Shekhaji. The early rulers paid allegiance to their overlords, the rulers of Amber, but Rao Shekhaji declared himself independent in 1471 and established a separate principality for his descendants. • The Shekhawats ruled over the Shekhawati region for over 500 years and are honoured with the hereditary title of “Tazimi Sirdars”, whom HH the Maharaja of Jaipur receives by rising from his seat.
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• The Shekhawat rulers built more then 50 forts and Palaces during their rule over the Shekhawati region [land of Shekhawat rulers], which was the largest Nizamat [District] within Jaipur State, almost the whole of which is occupied by Shekhawats. • Nothing in the history of India compares with the successful migration of the Shekhawati merchants. According to an American sociologist “it is estimated that more than half the assets in the modern sector of the Indian economy are controlled by the trading castes originating in the northern half of Rajasthan”. and of these, a majority originates in just a dozen little towns of Shekhawati. 2.11 Attractions • Shekhawati is known for its artistic sculptures rich of fresco wall paintings , handicraft and above all the kind of hospitality extended by the Shekhawati People. State tourism motto “Padharo Mahare Desh” (Guests, you are welcome in our land) is being religiously followed by the people of Shekhawati giving an unforgettable experience to the visiting tourists.
Figure 1.5 - Princely states of Shekhawati region
• Shekhawati has the greatest concentration of painted forts, chhatris (cenotaphs), temples and havelis (mansions) in the country. In fact, this is also the largest collection of murals in the whole world. The earlier frescoes in this colourful fantasy world were financed by the Shekhawat Rajputs and later the wealthy business class of the Marwar region – the marwaris – patronized the art. • Some of the flourishing towns were Sikar, Ramgarh, Fatehpur, Lachhmangarh, Churu, Mandawa, Jhunjhunu, Nawalgarh and others. Although the idea of frescoes might have been imported from the splendid Fort-Palace of Amber, which was in turn influenced by those of the Mughal courts, it reached a completely new form in the hands of the artists of Shekhawati. • It is only in the last two decades that the Shekhawati region acquired a fillip, with its art being the central focus. and the children of the house of Maharao Shekha Ji are now back, opening their dusty family castles and turning them into hotels. Figure 1.6 - Decorated frescos
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Char Chowk ki Haveli, Laxmangarh,Rajasthan.
INTRODUCTION 3 LAXMANGARH is a Tehsil in Sikar District
of Rajasthan State, India. Laxmangarh Tehsil Head Quarters is Laxmangarh town . It belongs to Jaipur Division . It is located 29 KM towards North from District head quarters Sikar. 147 KM from State capital Jaipur towards South .
• Laxmangarh is bounded by by Sikar Tehsil towards East , Fatehpur Tehsil towards North , Dhod Tehsil towards South , Piprali Tehsil towards East . Laxmangarh City , Harsawa City , Sikar City , Fatehpur City are the nearby Cities to Laxmangarh. It is in the 360 m elevation(altitude) .
Figure 2.1 - A grand view of Laxmangarh Fort from the haveli.
3.1 Famous Destinations • Laxmangarh is a popular tourist destination in Rajasthan. It is home to the grand Laxmangarh fort and small mansions with frescos and deities on walls. Laxmangarh fort was built on the hill in 1862 by Laxman Singh, Rao Raja of Sikar. • There are many mansions in Laxmangarh, namely the Sawant Ram Chokhani Haveli, Bansidhar Rathi Haveli, Sanganeria Haveli, Mirijamal Kyala Haveli, Char Chowk Haveli and Kedia Haveli. There is famous temple, i.e. The Radhi Murlimanohar temple, constructed in 1845 and embellished with beautiful sculptures and frescos. There are numerous Haveli’s in the town, namely the 3.2 How to reach Laxmangarh By Rail : Laxmangarh Sk RailWay Station are the very nearby railway stations to Laxmangarh. How ever Jaipur Rail Way Station is major railway station 138 KM near to Laxmangarh
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By Air : The nearest airport is the Sanganer Airport at a distance of 120 km. The region also has a good road system, which makes it easier to connect to nearby towns by buses, jeeps, and taxis as well. The town is located at a height of 22 metres (728 feet) above mean sea level and geographically between 27.37&deg North latitude and 76.85&deg East longitude. 3.3 History and Origin Laxmangarh was considered to be the mini Jaipur of Shekhawati. Founded in the year 1862, Laxmangarh was one of the well planned cities planned by Rao Raja Laxman Singh of Sikar. From forts to clock towers, there are a number of tourist places in Laxmangarh. Built by Muralidhar Ganeriwala in the 1840, the Char Chowk Haveli, Laxmangarh is one of the beautiful Havelis in Rajasthan in India. On your tour to Rajasthan do not miss this age old monument that speaks volumes about the art and architecture of the bygone era. 3.4 Population Size According to the Census report of India, published in 2001, the population of Laxmangarh had a population of 47,288. Males account for 52% of the population and females comprises of 48% of the population. In Laxmangarh, 17% of the population is less than six years of age. The average literacy rate is 59%, which is slightly lower than the national average literacy rate, which is 59.5%. To be specific, the male literacy rate is 70% and the female literacy rate is 47%. 3.5 Location
Figure 2.2 - Indian map
Figure 2.3 - Rajasthan map
Figure 2.4 - Sikar map
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CHAR CHOWK KI HAVELI 4.0 Introduction • One of the most beautiful and unique Havelis in Rajasthan in India is the Char Chowk Haveli, Laxmangarh Rajasthan. Nestled in the rugged and green Aravallis, the Char Chowk Haveli, Laxmangarh is the Haveli of Four Courtyards. One of beautifully designed monuments in Rajasthan India, it recalls the glory and splendor of yesteryears. .
Figure 3.1 - Facade of the Haveli.
• The Char Chowk Ki Haveli in the Mukandgarh road, Laxmangarh defines its architectural importance because of its structure, planning and its historical values. It was built in . Planning is done along the rectangular courtyard, wall thickness varied about 2 feet to 2.5 feet. Intricate details like paintings, arches, wooden doors etc accentuates the facade of the haveli. 4.1 Location Plan
4.2 Background of the Haveli • Haveli was built by the Muralidhar Ganeriwala in the 1840 . • The haveli is loacted near the exemplary Laxmangrah Fort and we can see the gigantic fort placed on a set of huge rocks . • The ancestral family still lives in the haveli and presently 4th generation is taking care of the haveli. Coincidentally the oldest person of the family is an Architect. • The Haveli has beautifull ornaments in the name of paintings, motifs, arches , windows etc. • The Char Chowk Haveli is known as the Haveli of Four Courtyards. From large paintings to latticed windows, the grand Char Chowk Haveli in Rajasthan is truly a beautiful symbol of Rajput grandeur and beauty.
Figure 3.2 - Geographical location
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4.3 About the Site • The Site is located in a very narrow street. It is surrounded by a mix of commercial and residential area from all four sides. There is a large open space at the entrance for the functions or any other scheme; moreover the passage of the entry is not sufficient enough for a large gatherings and events and only one entrance gate is provided to enter the site. Bus stand is nearly 2 kms away from the haveli and there is no railway station is about 1.5 kms away. 4.4 Traditional Building Materials • Sensitive and skillful use of building materials in combination with a wide variety of construction techniques were used. Every detail is very precise and accurate according to that era. • Choice of materials used in the haveli is depended upon the type, size etc. of the materials used in Laxmangarh and nearby regions of the Sikar district. • The main materials used in the haveli is the locally available mud and stone. 4.5 Contemporary Elements of Facade
Figure 3.3 - Wooden Entry Door
Figure 3.4 - Arched Balcony
Figure 3.5 - Bay Window
Figure 3.6 - Chattris
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4.6 Organisation of Areas 4.6.1 Ground Floor Plan • The plan of the haveli is rectangular in shape. As we enter from the main gate,there are sitting areas which are raised to a certain height on both the sides. • There is a staircase to the left when we enter, a large courtyard is the main source of light and ventilation in the haveli. • When we enter the second part of the haveli, we can find the similar layout but with more open spaces and a staircase to the left. - Vertical Circulation
- Horizontal Circulation
4.6.2 First Floor Plan • When we come up thru the staiecase , then we can find a corridor which wraps around the courtyard and is of 1m in width. • This corridor is the main access of the floor and all the rooms are connected to it and some of the rooms even has internal doors to other rooms in the haveli. • There is a small open to sky room on the left side of the plan near the staircase, which opens up to huge space.
- Horizontal Circulation
- Vertical Circulation
• We can’t access the backside of the haveli from the first floor due to safety reasons as told by the inhabitants. There are a number of big rooms which were used by the ancestor’s family members.
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4.6.3 Roof Floor Plan • We enter the roof thru two sets of staircases present on each side of the haveli. • The flooring of the roof was simple stones and there were high partition walls between the two parts of the havelis.
4.7 Architectural character • Fusion has been a consistent feature of this haveli, for example Indian elements of chhajja(wide roof overhangs), jaali and arches. All these features are in the elevations of Char Chowk ki Haveli. There are foliated arches on the external facades which resembles Rajputana Architecture, there is a mixture of various architectural styles.
4.8 Spatial description • Char Chowk ki Haveli is similar to concept to the basic courtyard form of house. Built as per traditional planning principles were designed to accomodate joint families whose members lived together as in socially and economically coherent group. Organisation and layout of spaces in haveli was governed by the needs of the inhabitants, their way of life as well as religious and cultural traditions. • Spaces on the upper floors of the haveli accomodated the sleeping areas and followed the same principles. Rooms were bigger in size and has more openings as compared to ground floor rooms. There were small windows thru which the women of the family can see the outside world and also there were arched sitting areas to gaze the outside world .
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4.9 Mass Space Realationship • The mass–space relationship is valid with the presence of open space in and out of the building. There is presence 4 courtyards in the building block . Thus, the building block receives immense amount of natural light. oTotal surface area of the structure: 3300 sq.m oTotal surface area of the courtyards: 800sq.m
4.10 Light and Ventilation • Char Chowk ki Haveli has mainly four courtyards, the major source of light and energy is from the natural sunlight and there is ample amount of wind movement because of these courtyards.
Figure 3.7 - Ventilation and light
4.11 Architectural expressions
4.12 Architectural features
• The form of the plan depicts a Balanced type of design philosophy which was a mainstream style at that point of time.
• Many architectural features were used like :-
• The clear height of the ground floor is quite different from that of first floor which is 4m and 2.4m respectively. • The wall thickness of the major walls was around 0.4m and those of partition walls was around 0.3m. • The slab thickness of the whole haveli was 0.6m, which is on a higher side as compared to today’s standard.
Figure 3.8 - Cornices
1. Decorated cornices 2. Ornamanted arches 3. Indian paintings depicting horses, elephants etc. 4. Large wooden metalic doors. 5. Arched sitting areas. 6. Exquisite mud jaalis. 7. Large central courtyrds
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4.13 Elevational Analysis
Figure 3.9 - Eastern Elevations
Figure 3.10 - Arched windows
Figure 3.11 - Wooden door
Figure 3.12 - Arched sitting areas
Figure 3.13 - Decorated cornices
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4.14 Ratios
DWG 1.1- Ground Floor Plans
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1. Green Area 2. Entrance door 3. Courtyard 4. Shaded sitting areas
5 4
3
5. Rooms 6. Staircase
6
2
7. Actual living area(presently) 8. Build up area - 5250 sq.m.
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DWG 1.2- First Floor Plans
DWG 1.3- Roof Plan
Singhania Haveli Fatehpur,Rajasthan
INTRODUCTION 5 FATEHPUR is a City in the Sikar district of Indian state Rajasthan. It is part of the Shekhawati region. It is midway between Jaipur and Bikaner on National Highway 52. 5.1 Location Fatehpur is located at 27.98°N 74.95°E.[4] It has an average elevation of 324 metres (1066 ft). 5.2 Demographics Fatehpur is a Town and Tehsil in Sikar district of Rajasthan state in India. Total number of villages in this Tehsil is 126. Fatehpur Tehsil sex ratio is 976 females per 1000 of males.
Figure 4.1- Location plan
Figure 4.2- Location plan - Fatehpur
The following graph shows the distribution of all demographic groups. Figure 4.3- Nadine Le Prince Haveli
5.3 Climate
Figure 4.4 - Location plan - Fatehpur
In Fatehpur, the summers are short, sweltering, and humid; the winters are short, cool, and dry; and it is mostly clear year round. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 48°F to 104°F and is rarely below 43°F or above 110°F. Based on the beach/pool score, the best times of year to visit Fatehpur for hot-weather activities are for the entire month of April and from late September to late October
Figure 4.5 - Climate
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5.4 Topography The general shape of the district is of an irregular crescent or a bowl. The district can be broadly divided into three natural divisions namely: The desert area in the northwestern portion The semi desert area with helix on the central portion. The undulating and hilly area in north eastern portion. The major part of the district is a Sandy tract but it is more so towards the north of Sikar which forms a part of the great Indian desert. it is identified by waste land and sand dunes. The hills in the eastern part of district forms part of the Aravali ranges, which run from North East to south west direction. These ranges divide the district into two equal parts and also prevent sand dunes from western part to travel to eastern part. Area south of Khandela in Sri Madhopur tehsil in Central portion of district is an undulating plain. There are no perennial rivers in the district but there are five streams namely Kantli, Mandha,Doha, Sabi and krishnawati. 5.5 Places to visit in Fatehpur 1- Dwarkadheesh Mandir (Temple) :- Built by Seth Asharam Ji Poddar in the 19th Century. This building is rich with fresco paintings of Shekhawati. 2- Singhania Haveli (Mansion) :- Built in 3 years span from 1857 to 1860 by Seth Jagan Nath Singhania Ji. The grand mansion is itself a landmark of Fathepur Shekhawati, it is known for the artistic sculpture and fresco paintings of the British Raj. 3- Dau Janti Balaji Dham (Temple) :- It is a famous Lord Hanuman Mandir (Temple) known for miracles and fulfilling wishes of the devotees.
Figure 4.6 - Nadine Le Prince Haveli
4- Nadine Le Prince Cultural Center :- Nadine Le is a french artist, she purchased the Deora Haveli in year 1999 to transform it in to a cultural center. Nadine is involved in preserving and restoration of old havelis and Fresco paintings and Murals. 5- Other Places :- There is plenty of Havelis made by trader community in the 19th Century, few are like Saraogi Haveli, Goenka Haveli etc. Figure 4.7 - Goenka Haveli
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5.6 History Fatehpur was established by Fateh khan Kayamkhani in 1449. Shekhawats later defeated kayamkhanis and took over Fatehpur and other area from them then after it remained under them till Independence. It is also a location of battle with Maratha invaders in 1799 called the Battle of Fatehpur. Fought between the Maratha Kingdom of Gwalior supported by General George Thomas and the Rajput Kingdom of Jaipur under Sawai Pratap Singh and Rora Ram Ji Khawas, which resulted in a decisive Jaipur victory.
5.7 Culture Fatehpur is a small city where you can see and witness beauty and simplicity at the same time. It is known as the cultural capital of Shekhawati because of its grand havelis and beautiful temples. Nadine Le Prince Cultural Center, which was the former Deora Haveli, was purchased by a French Artist who transformed it into a cultural centre in 1999. The Dua Janti Balaji Dham temple of Lord Hanuman receives visitors from all around the country as it is said to grant wishes of the devotees who pray there. Many other havelis like Singhania Haveli and Goenka Haveli attract visitors from everywhere with their old and authentic charm. The Fresco paintings and murals on the haveli walls are one the main reasons why the culture of this place is rich and vibrant.
Figure 4.8- Dua Janti Balaji Dham temple
Figure 4.9
Figure 4.10
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5.8 How to reach Fatehpur Fatehpur is situated on the Jaipur-Bikaner Highway. Rail routes are connected with Jaipur, Bikaner, and Delhi. You can easily find a train to reach Fatehpur from these places. The Sanganer Jaipur airport is the nearest airport to Fatehpur. Direct flights can be hailed from all major cities. The town is well connected with the state highways. It is easily accessible by other cities through Volvo and deluxe buses. • By flight: Fatehpur can be reached via Sanganer Jaipur Airport. It is approximately 157 km away from the town of Fatehpur. You can take a flight to Jaipur and then hire a taxi or private vehicle to take you to Fatehpur. • By road: It is easily accessible by road. There are frequent bus services from Jaipur and Bikaner to Fatehpur. Private vehicles can be hired to reach the town as well. The town is well connected and local vehicles ply at regular intervals. You can easily get tourist special buses from Jaipur, Delhi, and Bikaner to drop you off to Fatehpur.
Figure 4.11
Figure 4.12
Figure 4.13
• By Train: The nearest railways station is Jhunjhunu which is around 10 km from the city. Jhunjhunu is well connected to Jaipur and other nearby towns. Frequent trains ply between these towns and Jhunjhunu. You can take a train to Jhunjhunu and then a taxi or auto to Fatehpur. • Local transport in Fatehpur: Travellers can use buses and shared rickshaw sawari for travelling from one destination to the other. Since Fatehpur is a small town and destinations are nearby, travellers can also travel on foot from one place to another.
17
SINGHANIA HAVELI 6. Introduction Jagannath Singhania Haveli is one of the best preserved Havelis in Fatehpur. It was built in 19th century. The Haveli belongs to the Singhania family who were eminent merchants in that time. It was used by the Singhania family as their residence. The frescos on the walls of the Jagannath Singhania Haveli shows thematic transaction of the fresco art. Some of the frescos showcase Radha and Krishna, their love games, in their romance etc. Some others display British men with guns. Today, Jagannath Singhania Haveli is open for public view and a must visit while on a tour to Rajasthan. Figure 4.14 - Singhania haveli
6.1 Location Plan
Figure 4.15- Location plan
Figure 4.16- Singhania haveli
6.2 Description The frescos on the walls of the Jagannath Singhania Haveli In Fatehpur Rajasthan show thematic transition of the fresco art as a result of the socio historical changes that marked the Rajasthani society then. While some of the frescos show the pictures of Radha and Krishna, in their romance, their love games, and sweet nothings; some others depict Englishmen with guns, reflective of the common native association of the Englishmen with firearms.
6.3 History Most of the havelis in Fatehpur and also in the Shekhawati region were built between the 18th century and the early decades of the 20th century. These havelis belonged to the rich merchants of the region, who were almost very influential in the local financial arena which led them to have considerable influence on the local administration as well. Much of the local people’s lives were dependent on these merchants, locally called Seths. The havelis built by these merchants for most part acted as their status symbol. However, after the independence, for lack of any one to look after them, and to cope up with the rising maintenance cost, many of these havelis were turned into heritage hotels, while others lie obscured in the company of caretakers. Few of the havelis like the Jagannath Singhania Haveli Fatehpur have also been opened to the public for an entry fee.
18
6.4 Site 6.4.1 Approach The approach to a building is the first phase of circulation. A frontal approach leads directly to the entrance of a building along a straight, axial path. This type of approach is implemented in this site. The approach is perpendicular to the primary façade of the building. Figure 4.17- Approach
6.4.2 Entrance Typology Entrance to the site is marked by a huge archway. Entrance way is placed symmetrically at the center of front façade creating a symmetrical vision. Foliated arch is used. A projected entrance of the building maintains the continuity of the surface of a wall. The facade has two arched entrances which are similar to each other.
Figure 4.18 - Main entrance
6.4.3 Orientation The facade is oriented in an east-west direction.The main entrance is from the east direction.The longer axis is along the north-south direction. 6.4.4 Path space realtionship The path space relation in this is pass through spaces. That is the path may pass through a space axially, obliquely or along its edge.
19
6.4.5 Mass space relationship The mass–space relationship is valid with the presence of open space in and out of the building. There is presence 4 courtyards in the building block . Thus, the building block receives immense amount of natural light. Total surface area of the structure: 1000 sq.m 6.5 Building level 6.5.1 Plan shape and form Shape is the principal aspect by which we identify and categorize forms. The plan of the building is rectangle in shape and it makes a centralized form. The rectangle exists in a balanced state of equilibrium. Figure 4.19 - Open to sky courtyard
6.5.3 Form type The form of the building is subtractive in nature. Spatial volumes may be subtracted from a form to create recessed entrances, positive courtyard spaces, or window openings shaded by The vertical and horizontal surfaces of the recess. Basic rectangular shape
Inclusion of courtyards in the form
6.5.2 Building geometry The building geometry is cubic with a void at the center which acts as a courtyard and represents a subtractive form. When two forms differing in geometry or orientation collide and interpenetrate each other’s boundaries, each will view for visual supremacy and dominance. In this situation, the two forms can retain their individual identities and share the interlocking portion of their volumes.
(author, 2020)
Figure 4.20 - Open to sky courtyard
20
6.5.4 Zoning and circulation The plan in general is approached by foyer through an iron gate. The foyer leads to an open courtyard which brings in the sunlight and breaks the sense of enclosure. 2 staircases in the courtyard leading to the first floor. Rooms are placed along the open courtyard. A covered corridor in between the rooms and the courtyard lead by a semi screen made by a series of columns along the courtyard. Horizintal circulation
Semi private zone
Vertical circulation
Private zone Figure 4.21- Zoning
6.5.5 Plan at various levels 6.5.5.1 Ground floor plan The plan of the haveli is rectangular in shape. As we enter from the main gate,there are sitting areas which are raised to a certain height on both the sides. The foyer leads to an open courtyard which brings in the sunlight and breaks the sense of enclosure. 2 staircases in the courtyard leading to the first floor. Rooms are placed along the open courtyard.
DWG 2.1- Ground floor plan
21
6.5.5.2 Roof plan B
Room
Room
Room
Room
Room
Room
Room
7.69
Room
7.69
The stairs on the ground floor lead to the roof. There are small openings within the parapet which were used as a spot for firing during any war.
39.23
BELOW LVL+7.5M
LVL+7.5M
BELOW
LVL+7.5M
LVL+7.5M LVL-0.5M
LVL-0.5M
7.7
6.5
6.5
25.23
7.7
BELOW
BELOW
A
A' LVL-0.5M LVL-0.5M
7.75
7.7
LVL+7.5M
6.5.6 Light and ventilation
LVL+7.5M
LVL+7.5M
LVL+7.5M
B'
DWG 2.2 - Roof plan
More than 50% of the area is open ground and light is welcomed from all four sides. An open courtyard at the centre of built mass also provides a room for natural light. The building is east-west oriented. Windows re-establish continuity with neighboring spaces and allow the passage of light, heat, and sound. Double shutter window for lesser amount of heat loss from the interiors. The use of niches in the façade was done to keep laterns and other trinkets in these as a source of light at night time. Figure 4.22
Figure 4.23
22
6.5.7 Shade and shadow The play of shade and shadow can be seen inside the building as the shadow of four walls surrounding the courtyard immensely changes by different angles throughout the day. 6.5.8 Wall to floor ratio The wall-to-floor ratio of a building = External wall area / internal floor area 6.5.8.1 Ground floor plan Type of areas
6.5.9 Window- floor ratio 6.5.9.1 Ground floor plan
Area (sq.m)
Wall area
100
Floor area
9100
Circulation
312
Type of areas Window area
Area (sq.m) 10
Floor area
8000
Figure 4.24
6.5.10 Z-analysis
Window /floor ratio = 0.001
Wall /floor ratio = 0.01
6.5.10.1 Elevation
Overall facade is divided into two symmetrical parts which creates a sense of unity overall in the structure. The doorway, specifically the design and the adornment of it, was also often an indicator of a family’s economic standing. Height, embellishment, arches and carved timber all hinted to the social position of the family inside. The frescos on the walls of the Jagannath Singhania Haveli In Fatehpur Rajasthan show thematic transition of the fresco art as a result of the socio historical changes that marked the Rajasthani society then. While some of the frescos show the pictures of Radha and Krishna, in their romance, their love games, and sweet nothings; some others depict Englishmen with guns, reflective of the common native association of the Englishmen with firearms.
LVL+8.7M
LVL+0.45M
LVL+0M
DWG 2.3- EAST ELEVATION
LVL+0.45M
LVL+0M -
LVL+0M
LVL+0M -
23
6.6 Architectural expresssion 6.6.1 Transformation Design is a generative process of analysis and synthesis, of trial and error, of trying out possibilities and seizing opportunities. In the process of exploring an idea and probing its potential, it is essential that a designer understand the fundamental nature and structure of the concept. The building to is designed by omitting a block to get the desired concept. 6.6.2 Balance A building has a balanced façade which makes it stable and aesthetically pleasing and is visible through the symmetrical elevation and the plan.
(author, 2020) Figure 4.25
LVL+8.7M
LVL+0.45M
LVL+0M
LVL+0.45M
LVL+0M -
LVL+0M
LVL+0M -
6.6.3 Rhythm A continuity is maintained as one can see the reoccurrence of arches in an organized manner. Almost all building types incorporate elements that are by their nature repetitive. Beams and columns repeat themselves to form repetitive structural bays and modules of space.
6.6.4 Repetition A particular use of elements like arches can be seen in the facade. 6.6.5 Emphasis Points of emphasis can be created by enhancing the visual weight of certain parts of the structure. In this, the main entrance serves the point of emphasis.
LVL+0.45M
Figure 4.28 - Emphasis Figure 4.26 - Rhythm in Elevation
Figure 4.27 - Repetition in Elevation
Figure 4.29
24
6.7 Sections
LVL+8.7M
LVL+3.37M
LVL+0.55M LVL+0M
Section A-A’
LVL+8.7M
LVL+3.37M
LVL+0.55M LVL+0M
Section B-B’
DWG 2.4 - Sections
25
6.8 Structure System Structure system is the part of the structure which makes the structure strong enough to withstand various types of natural and manmade forces. Projections are supported by brackets and arches are used where large spanned projections are required as arches are self supporting members and load bearing element. Foundation - brick masonry. Walls - all the major walls are 345mm or 1½ brick thick. All the walls are load bearing walls. Mortar : lime mortar + surkhi (1:2) or mud mortar + surkhi in the internal walls, there is possibility of only mud/sand mortar being used primarly as the binding agent. No signs of reinforcement provided. Use of wooden beams.
6.9 Building material • Beautiful use of materials and colours .All the colours and materials are complimentary to each other .Bright colours have been used such as blue,red,white and green. • Paintings and all the carvings also compliment the look of the structure. • Materials majorly used in the structure construction are lime plaster, lime mortar ,sun dried bricks . • White colour for the walls compliment the wooden doors and windows with metal bolts and handles.
Figure 4.30 - Structure system
Figure 4.31
Figure 4.32
26
6.10 Architectural features 6.10.1 Ornamented doors The Haveli has highly ornamented doors. The main entrance door is made up of iron and wood. All the door handles have been crafted beautifully. The doors of rooms have a height of 5’.
Figure 4.35
Figure 4.34
Figure 4.33
6.10.2 Windows Double shutter windows have been used in the haveli. The windows are painted in brown and silver colour.
Figure 4.36
Figure 4.37
Figure 4.38
6.10.3 Niches Niches appear to have been used extensively to embellish the walls of Singhania Haveli. In general, these niches come in three shapes: pointed with an ogee curve at the apex, stepped, and jharokhas. Some of the stepping niches of this period’s constructions are more complex, with an ogee curve at the apex. Figure 4.39
Figure 4.40
27
6.10.4 Archways Several novel architectural components were used in the construction of Singhania Haveli. Foliated arches have been extensively used in its construction.
Figure 4.42
Figure 4.41
6.10.5 MOTIFS During this time, a number of new architectural features, such as decorative motifs, were included in the structures that were commissioned. Beautiful carvings with recessed flower designs cover the whole outer wall surfaces of the haveli. The trabeated doorways and lintel beneath the parapet are likewise ornamented with sculptured bands that serve as string courses.
6.10.6 Murals Floral carvings surround the entrances, rectangular panels with floral carvings fitting to the wall, and flower head bosses are all included in the surface decoration. 6.10.7 Pillars There are three types of pillars built during this time period: multi-sided, square pillars with base and capital, and piers.
Figure 4.43
Figure 4.44
6.10.8 Brackets The use of brackets has been extensively seen in the haveli. It is one of the basic characteristic feature of the havelis of this period. Figure 4.45
Figure 4.46
28
6.11 Details 6.11.2 Column
6.11.1 Door
LVL+0.45M
DWG 2.5 - Door detail
6.11.3 Arch
DWG 2.9- Arch detail
DWG 2.6 - Door detail
6.11.4 Mural
DWG 2.10- Mural
DWG 2.7 - Door detail
6.11.5 Motif
DWG 2.11- Motif
DWG 2.8 - Coumn detail
29
INTRODUCTION TO JHUNJHUNU 7 JHUNJHUNU is a city and capital of jhunjhunu
district in the state of Rajasthan. This city is in the northern state of Rajasthan, India and the administrative headquarters of Jhunjhunu District. This district falls within shekhawati region,and is bounded on the N-E and E by Haryana state ,on the S-E ,south and S-W by Sikar District ,and one the N-W and N by Churu District. • Elevation is 323 m. • Population of the district is 1.18 lakh ( according to census 2011 ) • Temperature: 21 degree celsius ,Wind movement is NW at 5KM/hr ,28% Humidity level. Figure 5.1 - Street view of jhunjhunu Figure 5.2 - View from Modi Haveli terrace
7.1 Famous Destinations • Jhunjhunu is known for its fresco art and carefully engraved architecture of vacant havelis and authentic Rajasthani experience in an offbeat destination. • Havelis in Rajathan region are considered the mort beautiful and attraction place for the tourists as they transcend the limitations of being simply a residence ,a miundane place of dwelling and emerge as exquisite pieces of art. • Located at a distance of 190Km from Jaipur ,Jhunjhunu is the home of Rani Sati Temple ,a revered pilgrimage site for Hindus. • Famous places to visit area Rani Sati Temple ,Khetri Haveli ,Modi haveli ,Lohgarh fort ,Sone chandi ki haveli ,Dundlod fort ,Badalgarh fort . 7.2 How to reach Jhunjhunu By Raod : Jhunjhunu is well connected by road to Delhi, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Bikaner and other major cities of the Shekhawati region
30
By Air : Jaipur airport is the nearest at a distance of around 150 km. Taxies, cabs and state tourism buses can be boarded from here to cover the rest of the distance. By Road : Trains are a good option to reach jhunjhunu for reasons : budget and proximity of the destination with the railway station. The jhunjhunu railway station is crowded by a couple of selevted trains and station is more connected to Delhi, Jaipur and Bikaner.. 7.3 History and Origin Jhunjhunu is an ancient town but now a district Headquarter. It has a brilliant trail of brave soldiers who have sacrificed their lives for the defence of their country. It is a district of the business magnets and advanced farmers. It is one of the prosperous districts of Rajasthan. Its area is 5929 Sq. Km. Most of the part of the district is semi-desert. The Aravali ranges are embracing the south-eastern part of the District. The huge and magnanimous copper fields are lying in the bowl of these ranges in Singhana and Khetri suburbs. There runs and anecdote that Pandwas, the heroes of the Mahabharata took a bath and bathed their weapons in the Surya Kund, thereby they got salvation. Mohammed khan was first Nawab of Jhunjhunu. Then his son Samas khan ascended the throne in the year 1459. Rohilla Khan was the last Nawab of Jhunjhunu. The Nawabs ruled over Jhunjhunu for 280 years.
7.5 Location
31
MODI HAVELI,
Jhunjhunu ,Rajasthan.
MODI HAVELI 8.0 Introduction & History • Located in the main market of Jhunjhunu, the Modi and Tibrewal Haveli are the two well preserved havelis exhibiting ancient architecture dating back to several hundred years. • One of the most luxurious owned properties, thes havelis have been taken care of and all the interior, architecture, lifestyle and beauty is the same as it used to be back then. All the eye catching paintings, mirror work, sculptures and wall carvings make it one of the most beautiful places to visit in Jhunjhunu.
Figure 6.1 - Geographical location
Figure 6.2 - facade of the building
8.1 Background of the Haveli • On the northern side of Nehru Bazaar is MOHANLAL ISHWARDAWS MODI HAVELI (1896), currently 130 years old. • Modi Haveli was constructed by Modi family. They were quite affluent traders of Jhunjhunu. For decades the Modi Haveli was used for residential purpose by Modi family. • Like all havelis, the Modi Haveli In Jhunjhunu Rajasthan opens into a courtyard surrounded by corridors that lead to rooms. • The interiors of the Modi Haveli In Jhunjhunu In India are covered with intricate frescos in vibrant colors. A mad riot of red, golden, green set the walls. • Intricately carved filigree screens, locally known as jharokas, are to be seen amply. These were meant to let the ladies of the house have a peek at the outside world, the doors to which were closed to them. In fact it is quite clear from the layout of havelis that to keep women away from the public glance was much of the intention that went behind the planning of these buildings. • The Modi Haveli, Jhunjhunu has a common meeting hall that used to welcome guests on the ground floor. 34
8.2 About the Site • The Site is located in a very narrow street. It is surrounded by a commercial area from all four sides. There is a large open space at the entrance for the functions or any other scheme; one entrance gate is provided to enter the site. Bus stand is nearly 1.8 kms (6 mins)away from the haveli and the railway station is about 3 kms away (9 mins) 8.3 Traditional Building Materials • • • •
Beautiful use of materials and colours .All the colours and materials are complimentary to each other . Paintings and all the carvings also compliment the look of the structure. Materials majorly used in the structure construction are lime plaster, lime mortar ,sun dried bricks . Cream colour shade for the walls compliment the wooden doors and windows with metal bolts and handles.
8.4 Contemporary Elements of Facade
Fig.4.4 Frescos and Paintings
Fig.6.3 Corner element
Fig.6.5 Painted brackets
Fig.6.6 Foliated arch
35
MASS CONFIGURATION 8.5 Entrance Typology The main building entrance leads by 9 steps on right side and ramp on left side. 2 steps lead to the public courtyard. Figure 6.7 Entrance of structure
8.6 Configuration of Path
Arch ways leads to the entrance of the rooms. Series of 3 arches behind which single big arch is used . Double arches increases the depth of the room entrance which increases the privacy of the bedrooms.
It has a composite path with lot of network meeting at one point and it has a direct entrance from the gali. The galis have a linear type of configuration that leads to the residence. The gali from where is the entrance to the residence is 6-7 feet wide and is somewhat larger to the other streets. This main entrance street leads to the Modi market. Figure 6.8 entrance of rooms
8.7 Path Space relationship Path of the residence is passing through the gali/street. All the streets indirectly leads to the main building. It is a pass by spaces. Path – space relationship can be illustrated from the given figure where a street is the space enclosed between the two building structures. The path is a narrow encloser between the building blocks.
8.8 Proportion and Scale
MODI HAVELI
ROADS SHOPS Figure 6.10 external zoning
Figure 6.9 Path space relationship
SHOPS
The proportion of the building can be judged by the central courtyard with respect to the rooms and the covered areas. The form of the building is rectangular therefore, the proportion of the building is 1:2 The width of the path in between the buildings is 2.5 m which is propotionate to the height of the building due to which the sunlight does fall on the street throughout the day. Building is made on Human scale. all the elements of the building are accordin to te human heights. According to the nearby market environment structure represents the large scale. 36
8.9 Mass -Space Relationship It includes the relation between the exterior spaces with respect to the built up and also includes the exterior part of the building. Mass and space can be judged by the built up area and the open courtyard area.
Total site area of the residence: 1020.33 sq.m Total built–up area: 753.22sq.m ie.74% Area of the mass (walls and columns): 250 sq.m Area of circulation space: 484.5 sq.m ie.47.4%
54%
BUILT UP SPACE
46%
Haveli structure HAVELI
OPEN SPACES
STRUCTURE
SHOPS Other structures ROAD
Road Figure 6.11 open and built up percentage
Figure 6.12 showing enclosed space b/w haveli and shops
OPEN SPACES BUILT UP SPACES
Figure 6.13 open and built up zoning
AREA STATEMENT • Staircase area : 3*2.5 • Kitchen : 3*2.5 • Storage : 3*2.5 • Washroom : 3*1.5 , 1.5*3 • Room size varies : 4*5.5 ,4.2*3 ,2.5*3 3*5 • Staircase details: tread: 0.3 ,riser: 0.15 width: 0.9 • Ramp details: slope : 1:4 • Road size around the structure : 10 • Courtyard size : public courtyard : 11*10 private courtyard : 11*12 • Meeting area size : 3*4.5
37
RATIOS RATIOS
38
PLAN AT LVL +4M
SPATIAL ORGANISATION 8.10 Circulation Vertical circulation Horizontal circulation Haveli has traditional courtyard planning ,one for the public gathering and another for the family members (private courtyard) other activities like kitchen ,storage rooms , bedrooms ,washrooms and circulation cores are arranged around the couryards with arches in front.
Figure 6.14 Staircase Detail
39
8.15 Zoning Plan is RECTANGULAR in form with 2 courtyards ,one in the front and one at the back. Public zone
8.12 Wall thickness Walls are made in sun dried bricks ,covered with lime plaster and painted with cream yellow coloured paint. thickness of the wall is 0.4064M (16”).
Semi Private zone
8.13 Heights
Private zone
Ceiling Height is 5.4 M . Plinth of the structure is 2.3M 8.14 Structure System Structure system is the part of the structure which makes the structure strong enough to withstand various types of natural and manmade forces. In modi haveli , structure system used is Bulk Active structure system , consistes of horizontal members called beams and columns as vertical members. Projections are supported by brackets and arches are used where large spanned projections are required as arches are self supporting members and load bearing element.
Figure 6.16 Zoning pattern
8.16 Light and Ventilation
All the zones are well segregated. Privacy is also maintainedby the depth of the private zone.
Figure 6.18 Section showing light and ventilation source
1.9762
6.6304
Figure 6.15 Bulk active structure system
Figure4.17 zoning in the structure
Main source of light and ventilation are courtyards and windows. Modi haveli has 350 windows in the facade for ventilation purposes. There are 2 courtyards from whichnample amount of light and air enters the rooms and haveli premises.
40
PLANS
18
10
SITE PLAN
LVL+9.20
LVL+2.30
LVL+9.20
LVL+7.50
10M WIDE ROAD
34,12
PATHWAY IN FRONT OF THE SHOPS
DN WAY TO BASEMENT
LVL+9.20 UP
LVL+2.30 LVL+2.50
LVL+7.50
0,4 2,2
3,6
ENTRANCE FOYER
STEPS 1
Entrance of the structure has ramp on right side and stairs on the left.
LVL+00
LVL+2.30
UP
3
5
7
8
RAMP SLOPE 1:2
4
9
UP
2,2
LVL+00
Site area :620.33 sqm On the N side there are some residences . At front of the haveli and on the S side of the structure ,there is 10m wide road follow -ing commercial shops of Modi market area. Structure has 3 level heights. at the ground storey there are shops . Residence plinth starts from level 2.3 meters. Haveli has 2 courtyards : first one for the public and second (back) one for the resi -dents (public area). haveli has 3 staircase one in the public zone and 2 at the back in private zone.
3,6
10
32,4
10M WIDE ROAD
40 41
Plan at LVL+2M
Plan at LVL+4M 4.00
4.00
4.20
4.20
SHOP
2.5*1.5
3
Room
4.2*3
ROOM
SHOP
3
4.2*3
4*5.5
SHOP
2.5*1.5
3.00
2.50 2.70
SHOP
2.5*1.5
3*2.5
1.02
SHOP
ROOM
4*5.5
KITCHEN
2.50
ROOM
5.50
5.50
2.5*1.5
3.00
11.00
2.5*1.5
ROOM
ROOM
3*2.5
3*2.5
SHOP
AREA FOR STORAGE PURPOSE
2.50
1.5
2.5
14,2
2.5*1.5
SHOP
2.5*1.5
STORAGE ROOM
10
7
SHOP
1.50
33,66
2.5*1.5
2.5*1.5
UP
UP
1
1
3
5
6
10 8
1,11
8 SHOP
STORAGE ROOM
0,3
5
3
6
7
COURTYARD
3.00
11*12
ROOM
12.00
LVL+00
3*1.5
ROOM
3*1.5
0.90
1.50 SHOP
3.50
2.5*1.5
ROOM
ROOM
1.5*3.5
1.5*3.5
SHOP
2.5*1.5
9 11
7
5
3
1
DN SHOP
2.5*1.5
13
3.00
15 17
SHOP
2.5*1.5
1.50
5.00
2.50
2.50
ROOM
ENTRANCE ROOM TO 2nd COURTYARD
3*5
ROOM
2.5*3
3.00
2.5*1.5
3.00
SHOP
ROOM
1.5*3
2*3 LVL+3.505
Messanine floor plan above meeting area at LVL +5.50M.
ROOM ROOM
1.5*3
3*5
ROOM 2.5*3
SHOP
2.5*1.5
LVL+3.30
WAY TO BASEMENT
10
11.00
9 SHOP
7
0,85
2.5*1.5 UP
3
6
5
0.50
1,5
11*10
10.00
MEETING AREA
3*4.5
LVL+3.30'
MESSANINA FLOOR ABOVE MEETING AREA
N LVL+00
ROOM
1.5*1.8
1.50
1,8
1,8
1.5*1.8
2 1
UP
3.05
LVL+3.30
1.50 0.50
0,4
ROOM
LVL+3.30
UP LVL+2.40
ROOM
1.2*3.5
LVL+00
LVL+3.04
ENTRANCE FOYER
STEPS
ROOM
2.5*3.5
LVL+2.70
LVL+3.04
1.00
UP
ROOM
1.5*1.8
RAMP SLOPE 1:2
UP
2,2
1.20
1,8
1,8
1,26 ROOM
1.2*1.8
2,2
GROUND FLOOR consiss of 17 shops each of size 2.5*1.5 meters. First floor has the residence part. In the front zone , there is public meeting area (baithak). Above this baithak there is a messanine floor which consists of small windows for the womens to look outisde and a gallery for them to sit behind the pardahs . In the back zone there are private rooms, kitchen , storage ,washrooms etc , basically the private zone .
1
ROOM
2*2.5
3.00
COURTYARD LVL+3.5
LVL+3.6
UP
1,5
1.00
2.50
DN
4.50
2.5*1.5
2.00
LVL+4.2
LVL+4.2
SHOP
LVL+2.13
3,6
1
3
5
7
8
9
17,2
4
3,6
42
SECTIONS
Section SECTION AA’
KEY PLAN B
1.3040
LVL+9.20
A
LVL+8.200
Room
Room
Room Room
0.300
Room
AB
1.0377
Room
UP
UP
Courtyard
Room
1.1851
A’B'
Room
Room
3.4548
3.192
LVL+11.5'
Room
LVL+2.80
Room
Room Room
Entry
Room
Room
LVL+2.30
Room
Room
LVL+11.5'
LVL+14'
LVL+14' LVL+11.05'
DN
Future construction Toilets
Staircase
WAY TO BASEMENT
UP
UP
Courtyard LVL+12'
LVL+11.5'
meeting area balcony
LVL+11'
Drainage Line
UP
Room
Room
Room
Entry
LVL+11'
Room
LVL+11'
Room
Room
LVL+9' UP LVL+10'
LVL+00
LVL+8'
LVL+00
LVL+10' UP
UP
Ramp
Entrance foyer LVL+7'
Steps
A' B’
LVL+00.00
SECTION BB’
LVL+9.20
1.2084
LVL+8.200
4.1142 4.0185
2.2107
LVL+3.04
LVL+2.80 LVL+2.30
5.7782
1.6071
LVL+3.30 1.6071
1.0353
2.8832
3.1492
2.0222
1.9762
6.6304
4.1142
1.4510
LVL+7.50
LVL+00.00
43
ELEVATIONS
0.2791
WEST ELEVATION
LVL+4.80
1.5435
LVL+3.30
0.4772
LVL+2.30
2.4864
0.4771
0.3448
1.0911
3.9422
LVL+2.80
LVL+00
Figure 6.19 West elevation pic
44
SOUTH ELEVATION LVL+8.20
LVL+7.50
LVL+4.80
LVL+2.80
LVL+2.30
RAMP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
SHOP
LVL+00.00
SOUTH ELEVATION
Figure 6.20 South elevation pic
45 45
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES 8.17 Flooring Pattern
8.18 Parapet Details
Indoor Parapet
0.2178 0.1812
0.1810
0.0293
0.1897
0.1209
0.2607
0.3000
0.3000
0.4870 0.5382
0.7243
0.2795
0.5158
0.8211
Marble tiles of size 0.3*0.3M are used as a flooring . pattern of the flooring is simple and geometric. 8.19 Ceiling Pattern
Outdoor Parapet
1.3508 1.5376
8.20 Cornice Detail
Ceiling patterns consists the flowering patterns with portraits of lord krishna and radha ji nd other people of their era.
0.1812
Figure 6.21 Paintings on the ceilings
0.1812
0.0494
0.1938
Cornice has been used to support the parapets and projections. Everything was painted with details. distance between the cornices were 1.0 M.
46
8.22 Window Details Outdoor Details
2.1529
0.2475
0.3037
0.3037
0.2475
8.23 Pillars 0.1813
0.0986
0.1449
0.7853
2.6186
2.5965
1.8217
1.8848
2.0020
0.7463
0.7463
0.1093
0.0914
0.8096
0.1449
0.4348
0.1449
0.8475
8.24 Arch Details 0.6268
0.0484
0.0540
2.2044
0.6764
Indoor Details 0.2475
0.7853
0.1449
0.0986
0.1449
0.8475
1.2691
0.0914
0.1449
0.8096
2.2044
1.8217
2.5965
1.8848
2.0020
0.1093
5
8.21 Door Detail
0.6268 0.6764
0.0540
0.0484
0.3928
47
8.24 Paintings and Frescos
Figure 6.23 Paintings of kings and queens of that era .
Figure 6.24 Paintings below parapet in the public courtyard.
Figure 6.22 Paintings and marble mosaics around the highly carved wooden door.
Figure 6.25 Paintings of radha-krishna depicting there life incidents.
48
ARCHITECTURAL IMPRESSIONS 8.25 Unity It refers to how well the elements of a design are working together. Visual elements should have clear relationship with each other in design. Unity also help ensure concepts are being communicated in a clear and cohesive manners. Design with good unity also appear to be more organized and of higher quality.
8.26 Rhythm The spaces between repeating elements can cause a sense of rhythm. There are random and regular visual rhythm. Random rhythm has no dicernable pattern. Regular rhythm follow the same spacing between each element with no variation. Rhythm can be seen all over in the front facade of the building. The three windows and the balcony doors create a sense of rhythm. 8.27 Repetitation
8.2 Variety Variety of element can be seen which create visual interest. It can be created by different color, typography, shapes and with different design element. Variety can be seen the different parapet jails in the house.
Figure 6.25 elevation door has variety in carving and patterns.
It is a great way to reinforce an idea. It is also a great way to unify a design that brings together a lot of different elements. The front columns are repeated after an interval and can be seen in the front façade. The same type of front windows and the balcony doors are repeated. 8.28 Harmony It is the visually satisfying effect of combining similar or related elements, Adjacent colors, Similar shapes, Related textures. Harmony can be seen on the front facade as all the elements go hand in hand.
Figure 6.26 elevation showing repeatation ,rhythym, and harmony in windows
49
KHETRI MAHAL Jhunjhunu,Rajasthan
KHETRI HAVELI 9.0 Introduction • Khetri Mahal, also known as the Wind Palace, is a classic example of palace architecture in the state of Jhunjhunu. • It is now a ruin, attracting tourists and locals alike. Figure 7.1 - Southern elevation
9.1 Location Plan
9.2 Background of the Haveli • Khetri Mahal was constructed by Bhopal Singh around 1770. • Bhopal Singh was the grandson of Sardul Singh. • Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh of Jaipur built his Hawa Mahal, also known as the Wind Palace, on the model of the Khetri Mahal, in 1799. • Khetri in itself was considered to be the second wealthiest ‘Thikana’ under Jaipur. • Bhopal Singh was killed in the Second battle of Loharu, in which he tried to capture the Loharu Fort - one of 33 thikanas of Shekhawati ruler. at the place where he was cremated in Loharu, ~1 km from Loharu Fort, a commemorative chhatri was built which still survives. • Between 1870 and 1901, Ajit Singh of Khetri reigned as a ruler of Shekhawat dynasty of the Indian princely state of Khetri.
Figure 7.2 - Geographical location
51
9.3 About the Site • The Site is located in a very narrow street. • It is surrounded by a mix of commercial and residential area from all four sides. • There is a large courtyard at the entrance of the building; moreover the site is currently used as a boys hostel by muslim community for army selection preperations and only one entrance gate is provided to enter the site. 9.4 Traditional Building Materials • Sensitive and skillful use of building materials in combination with a wide variety of construction techniques were used. Every detail is very precise and accurate according to that era. • Choice of materials used in the haveli is depended upon the type, size etc. of the materials used in Jhunjhunu and nearby regions of the Sikar district. • The main materials used in the haveli is red sandstone and lime 9.5 Contemporary Elements of Facade
Figure 7.3- onion dome projection
Figure 7.4-carved windows in interior
Figure 7.5- raised level in interiors
Figure 7.6- projected balconies in facade
52
9.6 Organisation of Areas 9.6.1 Ground Floor Plan • The ground floor has now been in the care by the muslim community of the area ,which now uses it as the boys hostel for the preperation of the army selections. • They have plastered and painted the walls and cladded the tiles on the facade of the building on ground floor upto the height of 5 ft. - HorizontalCirculation
view of haveli from street
front courtyard
- Vertical Circulation
9.6.2 First Floor Plan • The first floor of the khetri mahal is very abondoned as at some of the places the plaster has been fell off and the is in very bad and breakened into pieces. • It doesn’t contains any rooms on the first floor but have various openings which gives very good view of the fort and fresh cold breeze from outside. • The interiors of the floor have so much bats residing there.The first floor of the building is very abondened and need proper repair .
- HorizontalCirculation
- Vertical Circulation
53
9.6.3 Roof Floor Plan • At roof level there is not much but a sort of covered place for seating and a higher level frm where we can get the view of the whole city. • The roof is now treated with a water resistant material to save it from the damage from the rain
view of fort from roof
view from roof
- HorizontalCirculation
- Vertical Circulation
9.7 Architectural character • Khetri Mahal is located behind a series of lanes. It is a paragon of Shekhawati art and architecture. It is primarily known for its fine paintings and murals mainly supporting the Raghunath temple and Bhopalgarh fort. The palace is remarkable among buildings of its region because of the flow of wind through its open portals rather than stopped windows or doors. • Wherever structurally possible, the walls have been pierced with arched openings. The levels of the Palace are combined through a series of ramps, installed to facilitate the movement of horseback guests toward the terrace, which gives commanding views. • Two small alcoves contain fragments of older paintings in the private chamber of Thakurs. Most of these paintings were executed in natural earth pigments. The interior rooms are colonnaded, the columns often surmounted with openwork and curved arches.
54
9.8 Elevational Analysis • The elevation of the haveli is simple but very beautiful aesthetically. onion dome projection
arch detail
• It contains so many openings in the facade which gives it a soothing breeze in the dry summer of the region. • It contains beautiful onion dome projections which enhances the beauty of the facade.
projected balconies
onion dome projection
55
9.9 Light and ventilation • The Khetri haveli has a lot of openings on all the sides which gives us the openness of the place and the light and ventilation at every corner of the haveli • As the openings on the sides of the haveli gives tremendous relief from harsh summers and gives very good light through the openings,inspires Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh to construct hawa mahal in Jaipur.
9.10 Mass-space relationship • The mass–space relationship is valid with the presence of open space in and out of the building.The building block receives immense amount of natural light due to presence of large and no. of openings present on the facade • • Total surface area of the structure: 1334 sq.m • Total surface area of the courtyards: 460 sq.m
9.11 Architectural features
The various architectural features used in the khetri haveli are: • • • • •
brackets bay windows onion dome projections arches openings
56
RATIOS
57
D.W.G 4.1 - Ground floor plan
D.W.G 4.2 - First floor plan
D.W.G 4.3 - Roof plan
D.W.G 4.4 - Elevations
SOUTHERN ELEVATION
WESTERN ELEVATION
D.W.G 4.6 - Sections
SECTION-YY’
SECTION-XX’
BIBLIOGRAPHY • www.shekhawati.in • www.indianrajputs.com • statisticstimes.com • en.wikipedia.org • Book- Bankidas ki Khyat. • lsabissau.com • www.jatland.com • thelandofwanderlust.com • www.rajasthandirect.com • www.theindiatourism.com • www.india.com • www.jhunjhunuonline.in • http://ignca.gov.in • www.allaboutindia.info • https://sudhagee.com
Efforts by - Shivani Garg (041)
Gurkirat Singh(050) Jyotima Bharmouri (051) Satyam Gupta (071)