THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
YEAR 2 ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO A HOUSE, A HOME STUDIO SU CHANG
STUDIO FOLIO SPRING 2020
Following the fall semester analyzing canonical modernist houses, this spring the studio revisits the toolbox of modern living and see if we can make use of our collective history. By critically re-examining and borrowing ideas about modernity, details of construction or strategies for organizing spaces, the studio formulates responses to an urgent and contemporary problem: how to re-inhabit the abandoned traditional houses of rural China? Taking inspiration from the “spontaneous builder�, the studio also considers the role of the architect in relationship to the natural evolution of vernacular architecture. By bringing together two traditions: modernism and the vernacular, it is a process that looks backwards and forwards while questioning the role of the architect. We consider this the beginning of a new design program for rural households, combining industrial and craft techniques in a new functional dynamic, neither rural nor urban, traditional nor modern – but capturing the best of both worlds, signifying a novel approach to sustainable living. Studio Instructors: John Lin, Roberto Requejo, Su Chang, Lidia Ratoi, Haotian Zhang Assistant: Yi Sun
TRADITIONAL MODERN
Exercise 1 - Design by Collage In this project, collage is not only considered as a means of representation but also as an integral part of the design process. Each student will collage aspects of modernist house plans or sections into their traditional house drawings. The goal will be to explore potential renovation strategies that arise out of productive “collisions�. - Make collages of the traditional house and modern houses. - Each student produces 3 collages in plan, 3 collages in elevation and 2 collages in section. Deliverables -3 GIFs, each GIF should include one design idea for one house. -1 PDF of all collages in plan, section and elevation. Prepared by John Lin and Yi Sun
Exercise 2 - Design by Massing In developing design ideas via sketching one can begin to construct spatial relationship in a short period of time. This project is an attempt to establish a set of tools to use during design process. Students will start designing by sketching ideas by hand, preparing a set of architectural drawings and constructing space three-dimensionally. - Each student should translate your collages into a set of drawings including plans, sections and elevations. - Develop massings from drawings. Each student should have a sketchbook and sketch out your design ideas. Deliverables -Pages from sketchbooks: drawings and sketches of massings. -A set of drawings including plans, sections and elevations. -1 PDF of all collages in plan, section and elevation.
Exercise 3: Design by Structure The objective of the drawing project will be to produce a large scale line drawing representative of a selected area of the house able to convey the tectonic relationship of its parts. The following topics will be covered: (1) scope of drawing, (2) modelling preparation, (3) view selection, (4) line weight, (5) line type, (6) annotation, (7) texture / hatching, etc. Drawings are intended to be layered and develop complexity in a cumulatively manner. Deliverables - Overall worm’s eye view isometric sliced by a vertical cutting plane - Close-up isometric of a selected fragment Prepared by Roberto Requejo and Su Chang
Exercise 4: Design by Narrative In this project you are asked to reconceptualise your design, critically analysing and representing your concept through models, drawings, collages, etc., which shall then be orchestrated into a short film. The film should be treated as the conclusory exercise, comprising all your previous research, from photos of traditional houses, concept of the modernist insertion, collage and all elements that were included in your transformation and adaptation of the traditional house. Deliverables - A film that narrates your project and design process, using physical models, in combination with multiple representational techniques, including collage, technical drawing, sketch and photo montage. Prepared by Lidia Ratoi and Haotian Zhang
STUDENT WORK
TAI HIU CHING HAYLEE
ZEBRA-CROSSING HOUSE “CAN WE EXPERIENCE A JOURNEY OF MULTIPLE INTERIORS AND EXTERIORS INSIDE A HOUSE?“
Peripheral House
Core House
Collage Ji Mei Tang + Morris House / Louis Kahn
0
Plan
1
2
4
8
10 m
0
Section
1
2
4
8
10 m
rojection of Plan and Sections
Plan-Section Isometric
isometric drawing
Sectional Isometric
models of the program cores
Study Model
SUEN TAK HEI IVAN
DOUBLE-WALL HOUSE “CAN THE PERIPHERAL WALLS BECOME SPACE FOR LIVING IN?”
Existing House
Collage
TRADITIONAL
THIS PROJECT STARTS BY EXAMINING AND DISSECTING A TRADITIONAL HOSUE TO UNDERSTAND ITS SPATIAL QUALITIES AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Collage
Ji Mei Tang + Casa Pireli / Caccia Dominioni
Existing House
Collage
Ground floor Plan
Plan
Massing Studies
Sectional Isometric
Conceptual Sketches
Diagrams
Design Sketches
Re n ov a t i o n (Double-Wall System)
Study Model
Existing House (Single-Wall System)
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01
02
06
07
08
03
04
05
09
10
11
Scenarios (00-11)
79218 NIVERSITY OF HONG KONG TMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
LAU YIK WAN
ARCH2075 D SU SEMESTER 2,
LAU YIK WAN DAEMON
CROSS HOUSE “CAN A HOUSE EXPAND WITHOUT SACRIFICING CONNECTIVITY AND FLEXIBILITY?”
Alvar Aalto
Plan 1:100
Ji Mei Tang + Villa Mairea / Alvar Aalto
FINAL COLLAGE THE CONNECTED COMMON SPACE OF VILLA MAIREA IS A SPATIAL QUALITY THAT I TRIED TO BRING INTO JI-MEI TANG
15
THIS COLLAGE FOCUSES ON FURTHER EXPANDING THIS HOUSE & IMPROVING CONNECTION BETWEEN COURTYARDS Ji-Mei Tang Fujian
Collage
Floor Plan
S
EACH UNIT INCLUDES A SMALL COURTYARD AND ROOMS TO MIMIC TRADITIONAL DESIGN PRINICIPLES
29
M
ALL UNITS ARE CONNECTED BY LARGE CORRIDORS INSTEAD OF NARROW DOORWAYS TO ENHANCE CONTINUITY
31
L
XL
THE CENTRAL COURTYARD IS MERGED INTO ONE UNIT AS LARGE FAMILES DEMAND MORE PRIVATE SPACES
35
Ownership Scenarios
Individual vs. Collective
Worm-eye View
Design Sketches
Study Model
OUTWARD EXPANSION
EXPANSION
COURTYARD EXPANSION
LINEAR EXPANSION
EXTRUSION
CORNER EXPANSION
FILL
INTRUSION
ELEVATION
VERTICAL GROWTH
INWARD EXPANSION
ORIGINAL MASSING
VERTICAL EXPANSION
Design Sketches
3/F
LAM YAN KIU JOYCE
BOTANICAL HOUSE “CAN A HOUSE GROW WITH NATURE?”
House for Ashley De Silva Geoffrey Bowa
Yong-an Lou Fujian
Plan 1:100
Image of Yong An Lou and its neighbourhood. Front elevation drawing, 1:100.
Collage Yong An Lou + House for Ashley De Silva / Geoffrey Bawa
Sketches
Sequence of Experience
Plan diagrams - Solid and void relationship.
Plan diagrams - Public and private spaces.
Diagrams
gn - Enclosing nature and Opening up rooms
collective thinking while fully incorporating nature into rooms
Ground floor plan, 1:100. Open-air public space accessible to the walled backyard.
Ground Floor Plan
Third floor plan, 1:100. Connecting house with peripheral wall with bridging platforms floating above the enclosed nature.
Second floor plan, 1:100. Opening up bathrooms and connecting them to nature.
First floor plan, 1:100. Botanical rooms and public facilities at corners; Living area and bedrooms opened and connected to nature.
Floor Plan 2-4F
Axonometric collage of plan and sections.
Plan-Section Isometric
Section AA’, 1:100. Section AA’, 1:100.
Section BB’, 1:100. Section BB’, 1:100.
Section CC’, 1:100. Section CC’, 1:100.
Section DD’, 1:100. Section DD’, 1:100.
Sections
Fragment Isometric
02
02
04
04
W a ll an d bo ta W nic all aalnd r oo bo ms tani cal r ooms
Roo fs re movRoo ed fs re mov ed
02
04
02
W a ll an d bo ta W nic all aalnd r oo bo ms tani cal r ooms
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05
04
Roo fs re movRoo ed fs re mov ed
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B alc onies a tBbac alc onies k yar d at backyard
W alkwa y on W wall alkwa y on wall
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08
05
B alc onies a tBbac alc onies k yar d at backyard
08
W alkwa y on W wall alkwa y on wall
Design Iterations
YIP KWAN CHI CASEY
OPEN HOUSE “CAN A COURTYARD HOUSE EMBRACE THE LANDSCAPE?”
ollage Plan :100
Collage Yong An Lou + Villa Wehtje / Josef Frank
Collage Plan 1:100
Open House Fujian
Collage Plan 1:100
Open House Fujian
Collage Plan 1:100
Open House Fujian
Plan 1:100
Villa Wehtje Sweden
Digital Modelling Final Design
Open House Fujian
Worm-eye View
c Models
Open
Design Iterations
King Chin Hang Christie
FLOATING CORRIDORS “CAN THE CORRIDOR BECOME A SPACE FOR GATHERING?”
Image. Corridor as a space to connect with the outside.
Image. T i m b e r a s t h e m a j o r m a t e r i a l i t y; O p e n i n g s f a c i n g the courtyard.
Collage Yong An Lou + Diamond House / John Hejduk
Fa m ily 03
Fa mily 04 Family 02
Fa m ily 01
7
Ownership Division
Individual - Collective
Design Iterations
Section
FLoor Plans
Isometric
Configuring the Corridor Space
ces f or g athering
ces f or g atheri ng
O r igi na l s pa c e f or ga t her i ng Or i gi n a l s pa c e f or ga t h e r i n g
1/ F New s pa c es f or ga t her i ng
G/F new sp ace s fo r g at h e r in g
1/F New spaces
G /F new s pa c es f or ga t her i ng
2/F New sp ace s fo r g at h e r in g
3/ F New s pa c es f or ga t her i ng 2 /F New s pa c es f or ga t her i ng
3/F New spaces
Orig inal sp ace fo r g a t h e r in g
1 /F Ne w s pa c e s f or ga t h e r i n g
3 /F Ne w s pa c e s f or ga t h e r i n g
18
18
LILY LU
HOUSE WITH UNDERGROUND BEDROOMS “CAN A HOUSE BECOME A PART OF THE AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE?”
Tugendhat House Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
An-Zhen Bao Fujian
Plan 1:75
Collage An Zhen Bao + VIlla Tugendhat / Mies van der Rohe
Tugendhat House Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
An-Zhen Bao Fujian
Plan 1:75
N
0
2
5
10 M
SIte Plan
0
1
2
5M
Anzhen Bao (1885)
Villa
Upper Ground Floor
Open Living Area and Terraces
Section
Lower Ground Floor Bedrooms
Massing Studies
Traditional + Modern House
00 Original House
01 Split Levels
02 Open Ground
03 Elevated Extension
04 Semi-Enclosed
8QL˨HG 5RRIWRS
2YHUORRNLQJ 5RRIWRS
07 Sunken Courtyard
08 Continuous Courtyard
09 Portal House
Massing Study
Sectional Isometric
Model Photos
The House with Underground Rooms
28
Study Model
HYEWON JUNG
HOUSE OF MEMORY “CAN A HOUSE CHOREOGRAPH THE COLLOQUIAL ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE COMMUNITY”
Section A
Collage An Zhen Bao + Glass House / Lina Bo Bardi
Section A
Section B
Section B
Section C
Section A
Section B
Section C
Front Yard
Public, com
AN-ZHEN BAO Fujian Learning from traditional precedents Community scale house
Front Court
Connection in the hous meeting pla
Front Front Yard Yard Public, community-wide events Court Public, Front community-wide events
Main Cour
Courtyard of the hous main space
Side Court
Occasiona residents, leading to o
Front Front Courtyard Courtyard
Connection Connection to to other other courtya courtya in the house, kinetic, occasio Front kinetic, Yard occasio in the house, meeting meeting places places for for residents residents
Main Main Courtyard Courtyard Courtyard in front of the he Courtyard in front of the he of the house, extension of Main an Yard of the house, an extension of main space main space
Side Side Courtyards Courtyards Occasional Occasional meeting meeting places places Sideopen-air Yard residents, residents, open-air corrid corrid leading to other parts of the leading to other parts of the hou hou
Photo Analysis
Open Space and Communal Activities
Ground Floor Plan
Ground Floor Plan
2F Floor Plan
Upper Floor Plan
Fragment Isometric
Design Sketches
SHAO YIHAN HANNAH
PERISCOPE HOUSE “CAN A HOUSE BECOME A DEVICE TO EXPERIENCE THE LANDSCAPE?”
Collage An Zhen Bao + VIlla Tugendhat / Mies van der Rohe
View Collage
Mies Collage & Image from An-zhen Bao
Interior Collage
Mies Columns & Image from An-zhen Bao
Perspectival Collage
Expansion vs. Depth
Oblique Slicing
From bottom to top
Section Drawing 1:100
Section
Upper Floor
Floor Plan 1:100 Second Floor
Floor Plan 1:100 First Floor
Floor Plans Floor Plan 1:100 Ground Floor
Mezzanine
Gournd Floor
Fragment Isometric
Design Iterations
Section Model
Study Model
Process Model
Construction Process
LI WANZE AVERY
HOUSE WITH SLOPED ROOFS “CAN THE SERVICE SPACE BECOME DEVICES FOR SUN, WIND AND RAIN?“
Collage An Zhen Bao + Goldenberg House / Louis Kahn
Detail Section
Restroom and Kitchen
Fragment Isometric
Plan
Sections
Study Model
Design Sketches
BAO YUCHEN JENNIE
HOUSE FOR WANDERING “CAN A HOUSE BECOME A GARDEN FOR WANDERING?”
Collage Baohe Taihe Zhai + Glass House / Lina Bo Bardi
Section
Plans
Plan-Section Isometric
Design Iterations
Study Model
Sectional Isometric
JESY LAU
TRANSVERSE HOUSE “CAN WE CREATE AN EXPERIENTIAL WAY TO TRAVEL IN A COURTYARD HOUSE?”
Site photo
Louxiacun Fu’an, Fujian
Collage Baohe Taihe Zhai + Glass House / Lina Bo Bardi
Plan-Section Isometric
Sections
Sectional Isometric
Study Model
Design model
Visual representation of people
CHAN SUM YU CHRISTY
HOUSE WITH A PLATFORM “CAN WE EXPERIENCE A TRADITIONAL COURTYARD HOUSE UPSIDE-DOWN?”
Collage Baohe Taihe Zhai + Atelier Ozenfant
Sectional Isometric
Structural Analysis
Section
Upper Floor Plan
This lecture interrogates the potential of worm-eye-view axonometric as a tool for assembling structures and rethinking the design questions encountered in the design exercise. The goal is to synthesize our understanding of structure, the procedures of representation, and the process of design. The presentation consists of three parts: - Setting out Columns: the Question of Symmetries - Assembling Roof Undersides: the Question of Order - Defining Covering and Expanses: the Question of Boundary
SUPPLEMENT: STUDIO LECTURE
Three Structural Settings and Their Architectural Questions
DESIGN BY STRUCTURE II: three structural settings and their architectural questions
Drawing of Chinese Wooden Construction, Auguste Choisy, 1899
Plan of a Beijing courtyard house
Plan of the Schindler House by R.M. Schindler
The timber construction of a courtyard house
Tilt-up Structural Panel of the Schindler House
In the previous lecture, we discussed the protocols for creating an upward axonometric drawing (worm-eye-view). In the following presentation, we will interrogate the potential of this representation format as a tool for assembling structures and rethinking the design questions we encountered in the previous collage exercise. The goal is to synthesize our understanding of structure, the procedures of representation, and the process of design. Our discussion consists of three parts: -
Setting out Columns: the Question of Symmetries
-
Assembling Roof Undersides: the Question of Order
-
Defining Covering and Expanses: the Question of Boundary
Plan of House on Jianguo Road South, Wang Da-hong
Setting Out Columns: The Question of Symmetries
Plan of a Beijing courtyard house
Most of the traditional houses in China (and East Asia) are governed by a set of orthogonal axes, creating a strong sense of symmetricality and ordered directionality in terms of spatial layout. In most of the modernist houses we studied, however, spaces are usually asymmetrical - the layout reveals the spatial logics of the programs (functions, public/private divides, etc), often influenced by the then latest technologies (cars, glasses, etc), highlighting the multidirectionality of movement in space.
Plan of Three Courts House by Mies Van der Rohe
Note the two columns are symmetrically placed with the roof slightly cantilevered out, creating a similar sensation to that of a Chinese courtyard house; while the choreography movement inherited the Miesian tradition.
Can the layout of your axonometric drawing relate to that of the structural set out of your project? Can the organization of drawing in paper space integrates the orientation, direction and symmetries of the the two seemly incompatible systems (the traditional house vs. the modernist intervention)?
Plan of House on Jianguo Road South, Wang Da-hong
The problem of the roof is often regarded as one of the key design issue in modern movement. However, most of the debates were centered around the surface above - what happened to the undersides? In traditional Chinese architecture, the beam-purlin-rafter hierarchy creates a three-dimensional assembly, suggesting a modulation of depth in space. The worm-eye-view drawing presents an opportunity to take a close look at the roof assembly from below, and to study the potential hybrid of these two different notions of space in its vertical dimension.
Plan of House on Jianguo Road South, Wang Da-hong
The diagonal pathway in the middle of the courtyard is oriented upward in the paper space as a spatial indicator for the drawing, highlighting the spatial tension between the orthogonally built structure and its diagonal circulation.
Axonometric drawing of the courtyard garden, Katsura Imperial Villa
Ronald G Knapp, China’s Old Dwellings
Dou-gong drawing, Liang Si-Cheng, A Pictorial History of Chinese Architecture
Contemporary architecture design guidelines always biased towards the
covered ceiling (aka. the vented attic), renouncing the spatial quality of the pitched roofs: whatever happened in the attic, stay in the attic!
Note how drawing lays out the two spatial indexes: the formal symmetry of the plan (oriented 45 degrees following the axonometric format) and the asymmetrical location of the access and the chimneys (oriented vertically in the paper space).
Axonometric drawing of the Florey Building, Oxford (1966-71), James Stirling and Michael Wilford
Sometimes, modern architecture have very ordered reflective ceiling plans (obliged to the construction techniques they used)...
Assembling Roof Undersides The Question of Order
RCP of Mies’s National Gallery in Berlin
RCP of Louis Kahn’s Yale Art Gallery
… while in traditional architecture (especially in vernacular dwellings), the roof undersides present an unruly sensation, indicating the building’s adaptation and expansion overtime.
Defining Covering and Expanses The Question of Boundary
Axonometric drawing of Katsura Imperial Villa
The orientation of the purlins suggests the different pitches of the roof assemblies and indicates the changes of the vertical depth. Note the orthogonal under-ceiling of the “attic” space and the pocketed walls around it, creating a spatial sensation that is very close a modern one.
Jørn Utzon’s 1962 sketch describes the spaces in traditional Chinese (and East Asian) as both covered and expansive, different from the absolute notion of boundary in modern architecture. If enclosure is inevitable (for any forms of shelter), how could the axonometric drawing describe the different modes of opening in your project?
Axonometric drawing of the Geppo-ro Pavilion, Katsura Imperial Villa
The concrete slab becomes the upsidedown new “ground” for the metabolist living module and stairs.
Sky House by Kiyonori Kikutake
Sky House by Kiyonori Kikutake
The central column of Kazuo Shinohara’s House in White is masked by a “modern” white ceiling. The concealing of the structural assemblies of the roof eliminates the column’ structural significance while intensifying the spatial order that the column implies.
Note how the four corners each assemble a different sense of opening and enclosure: the open corner / the half-open corner / the solid corner / the pocketed corner (with openings on both sides).
Axonometric drawing of the Shoka-tei, Katsura Imperial Villa
The corner that is pocketed in the plan has permeable walls on both sides, inverting the deep interior corner into an extension into the nature.
The low walls physically contain the space of the pavilion while allowing the inside-outside continuity. The asymmetrical design also corresponds to the pinwheel layout of the benches.
Axonometric drawing of the Four-bench Pavilion, Katsura Imperial Villa
Axonometric drawing of the Shokin-tei, Katsura Imperial Villa
Helou Pavilion 何陋軒 by Feng Jizhong 馮紀忠 The abstracted details diminished their structural
implications while signifying the spatial sensation of
Helou Pavilion 何陋軒 by Feng Jizhong 馮紀忠
both covering and expanses from within.
Gridded columns
rotating ground planes curvy low walls and topography
Helou Pavilion 何陋軒 by Feng Jizhong 馮紀忠 Multiple directionality in plan
different modulation of depth in section
spatial covering and expanses and a strong perspectival sensation
Entrance of Helou Pavilion 何陋軒 by Feng Jizhong 馮紀忠
The masked details become a set of abstracted
notation hinting the modulation of space from above
REFERENCE - TEXT Fei, Xiaotong, Gary G. Hamilton, and Wang Zheng. From the soil: The foundations of Chinese society. 鄉土中國 University of California Press, 1992. Dai, Jinhua, and Judy TH Chen. “Imagined nostalgia.” Boundary 2 (1997): 143-161. Knapp, Ronald G. China’s old dwellings. University of Hawaii Press, 2000. https://books.google.com.hk/books/about/China_s_Old_ Dwellings. html?id=W1rGDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false REFERENCE - DOCUMENTARY Long Ji 龙脊(1994)- in Chinese only Chen Xiaoqing 陈晓卿 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nLIVTZE6rOY Dong 东 (2006) Jia Zhangke 贾樟柯 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpIhuY65rc0&t=211s Last Train Home 归途列车 (2009) Fan Lixin 范立欣 https://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMTc3MjY5Nzk1Mg==.html?spm=a2h1n.8261147.0.0 Three Sisters 三姊妹 (2012) Wang Bing 王兵 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4L4WULm2QY&t=3162s
Village Diary 乡村里的中国 (2013) Jiao Bo 焦波 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaG6QpMF-ag https://www.bilibili.com/video/av30706482/ Taobao Village 淘宝村 (2019)- in Chinese only Jiao Bo 焦波 / Li Menglong 李梦龙 https://www.bilibili.com/video/av63759867/ REFERENCE - MOVIE A Grandson from America 孙子从美国来 (1992) Qu Jiangtao 曲江涛 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_x_OkaVQdyg&t=4317s
STUDIO GUESTS Sony Devabhaktuni / HKU Eunice Seng / HKU Ying Zhou / HKU Fu Yun / Harvard GSD Tamotsu Ito / ETH Zurich Studio Momoyo Kaijima Lauren Kogod / Cooper Union Meng Li / ETH Zurich Studio Christ Gantenbein Stephanie Lin / Cooper Union Li Tianying / Cooper Union