Glossary

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) - A form of therapy that encourages people to embrace their thoughts and feelings rather than fighting or feeling guilty for them

Acupuncture - A form of alternative holistic medicine in which thin needles are inserted into the body

Amygdala - A roughly almond-shaped mass of gray matter inside each cerebral hemisphere, involved with the experiencing of emotions

Amygdala hijack - Refers to a personal, emotional response that is immediate, overwhelming, and out of measure with the actual stimulus because it has triggered a much more significant emotional threat

Anorexia Nervosa - An eating disorder characterized by a distorted body image, with an unwarranted fear of being overweight

ARFID - Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder, An eating disorder characterized by highly selective eating habits, disturbed feeding patterns or both

ARFID Plus - Individuals present with one of the ARFID types initially, but then start to develop characteristics of anorexia nervosa such as weight and shape concern, negative body image, or avoidance of more calorically dense foods

Art Therapy - A distinct discipline that incorporates creative methods of expression through visual art media

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - A chronic condition including attention difficulty, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness

Autism Spectrum Disorder - a developmental disorder of variable severity that is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication and by restricted or repetitive patterns of thought and behavior

Aversive - A category of ARFID characterized as a sensory disinclination, causing the patient to be unable to eat due to certain textures, tastes, and even colors

Avoidance- A category of ARFID characterized as a significant fear based experience with food. The fears usually revolved around vomiting and/or choking on food, they may also be tied to a physical traumatic experience

B

Bulimia - A serious eating disorder marked by binging, followed by methods to avoid weight gain

C

CBT - Cognitive behavioral therapy is a psycho-social intervention that aims to improve mental health

D

DBT - Dialectical behavior therapy is an evidence-based psychotherapy that began with efforts to treat borderline personality disorder

Depression - A mental health disorder characterized by persistently depressed mood or loss of interest in activities, causing significant impairment in daily life

Diagnostic and statistical manual of the American psychiatric association fifth edition

(DSM5) - Standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States

Eating disorder - A range of psychological conditions that cause unhealthy eating habits to develop Epidemiological study - Measure the risk of illness or death in an exposed population compared to that risk in an identical, unexposed population

Exposure therapy - A technique in behavior therapy to treat anxiety disorders. Exposure therapy involves exposing the target patient to the anxiety source or its context without the intention to cause any danger

G

Generalized Anxiety Disorder - is characterized by persistent and excessive worry about a number of different things. People with GAD may anticipate disaster and may be overly concerned. Individuals with GAD find it difficult to control their worry

Group Therapy - Group psychotherapy or group therapy is a form of psychotherapy in which one or more therapists treat a small group of clients together as a group

H

Hypothalamus - The hypothalamus is a small, central region of the human brain formed by nervous fibers and a conglomerate of nuclear bodies with various functions

I

Intellectual Disabilities - When a person has certain limitations in cognitive functioning and skills, including communication, social and self-care skills. These limitations can cause a child to develop and learn more slowly or differently than a typically developing child

Intensive Out-Patient Programs - An intensive outpatient program is a kind of treatment service and support program used primarily to treat eating disorders, bipolar disorder, unipolar depression, self harm and chemical dependency that does not rely on detoxification

L

Lack of Appetite - A category of ARFID characterized by a lack of appetite not based on fear or anxiety with eating, they affected essentially lack a drive to actually eat. They frequently forget to eat as well

M

Meal Support - The provision of emotional support during meal times, focused specifically on helping the patient to consume the food on their meal plan and redirecting behaviors that sabotage eating and recovery. Meal support can be provided individually or in a group setting

Mindfulness - A mental state achieved by focusing one’s awareness on the present moment, while calmly acknowledging and accepting one’s feelings, thoughts, and bodily sensations, used as a therapeutic technique

N

Nutritionist - A nutritionist is a person who advises others on matters of food and nutrition and their impacts on health. Some people specialize in particular areas, such as sports nutrition, public health, or animal nutrition, among other disciplines

O

Oppositional Defiant Disorder -A disorder in a child marked by defiant and disobedient behavior to authority figures

Part time Hospitalization Programs - Also known as PHP (partial hospitalization program), is a type of program used to treat mental illness and substance abuse. In partial hospitalization, the patient continues to reside at home, but commutes to a treatment center up to seven days a week

R

Recovery - A process of change through which individuals improve their health and wellness, live a self-directed life, and strive to reach their full potential

Rehabilitation diet - A comprehensive nutritional program for patients with especially grave nutritional deficits, such as those caused by severe eating disorders or malabsorption syndrome

S

Selective Mutism - A severe anxiety disorder where a person is unable to speak in certain social situations, such as with classmates at school or to relatives they do not see very often.

T

Three-dimensional model of the neurobiology of arfid - Abnormalities in sensory perception, homeostatic appetite, and negative valence systems underlie the three primary ARFID presentations of sensory sensitivity, lack of interest in eating, and fear of aversive consequences, respectively

Trigger - In mental health terms, a trigger refers to something that affects your emotional state, often significantly, by causing extreme overwhelm or distress. A trigger affects your ability to remain present in the moment. It may bring up specific thought patterns or influence your behavior

Bibliography

(1) Avoidant restrictive food Intake Disorder (ARFID). (2018, February 22). https://www. nationaleatingdisorders.org/learn/by-eating-disorder/arfid

(2) (Campbell) Parents May Mistake Picky Eating for a More Serious Eating Disorder . (2018, June 11). https://www.healthline.com/health-news/parents-may-mistake-pickyeating-for-a-more-serious-eating-disorder

(3) UC San Diego . Epidemiology studies. https://medschool.ucsd.edu/som/medicine/ divisions/gastro/research/NAFLD/research/epidemiology/Pages/default.aspx

(4) Fitzgerald, Michael, and Brad Frankum. “Food avoidance and restriction in adults: a cross-sectional pilot study comparing patients from an immunology clinic to a general practice.” Journal of eating disorders vol. 5 30. 18 Sep. 2017, doi:10.1186/s40337-0170160-

(5) Duke Health. (n.d.). The starvation experiment. https://eatingdisorders.dukehealth. org/education/resources/starvation-experiment

(6) Oxford University Press’s OxfordDictionaries.com