Precedents in The United States
San Francisco Bull’s Bay
500 km
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Image Courtesy of Google Aerial Images.
Bull’s Island, South Carolina, USA At 5,000 acres, Bull’s Island lies adjacent the Santee Experimental Forest. It was originally established in 1937 as a 6,100-acre outdoor laboratory carved out of the Francis Marion National Forest. Hurricane Hugo struck the coast of South Carolina on September 21, 1989 as a category 4, damaging nearly 80% of the trees present. Sentiment following cleanup helped to create a new mandate for the forest as a centre for monitoring and testing the long term effect of tree and canopy loss due to hurricane and salt water innudation.
#=estimated 2.6 million trees Taxodium distichum - Baldcypress Nyssa sylvatica - Tupelo Pinus elliottii - Slash Pine
50,000 trees
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1 km
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1989 and post-1989, respectively. Images courtesy of Google Aerial Images.
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1989 and post-1989, respectively. Images courtesy of Google Images.
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Trees of Presidio Park, 1987 (left) and 2013 (right). Courtesy of Google Aerial Imagery.
Presidio of San Francisco, San Francisco, USA The planting strategy of the Presidio of San Francisco was heavily influenced by its military history. Established as a fortified location in September of 1776, the base was occupied under both New Spain and Mexico, respectively. As part of a strategy to make the area appear larger and to limit visibility within the Presido, the army planted trees from the 1880’s through the 1940’s. This gradual transformation also facilitated the progression from sandy dune habitat to forested habitat, illustrating the performative power of these plants and their ability to stay erosion. Ownership of the park was transferred to the the private intersts of the Presidio trust in 1996. With the idea of restoration in mind, the trust planted nearly 27 acres of trees att 44 sites throughout the park. Mangement of the vast tree habitat includes practices such as burning and pruning.
#= 80,000 trees Pinus radiata - Monterey Pine Eucaluptus obliqua - Eucalyptus
50,000 trees
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1 km
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Shrub/dune habitat of Presidio of San Francisco prior to expansion of tree plantings, 1924 Image courtesy of the National Park Service.
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Historical images of Golden Gate Park, 1938 (top) and 2012 (bottom). Images courtesy of Google Aerial Images.
Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, USA Golden Gate Park, iconic of San Francisco, consists of nearly 1,017 acres of land planted with over 155,000 trees. Similar to Presidio, the park was comprised mostly of sand dunes, shrubs, and scrub brush. Momentous efforts involving the transportation of water and the planting of an initial 60,000 trees allowed the park to flourish and create an enviroment that is now perceived as verdant. Managing this urban forest in order to both preserve the idea of the park and keep it as a sacred place protected from the elements means a careful regimen of planting and thinning the thousands of Monterey Pine, Cypress, and Eucalyptus. These trees function as windbreaks
1 km
#= 155,000 trees Pinus radiata - Monterey Pine Eucaluptus obliqua - Eucalyptus
50,000 trees
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Camp in Golden Gate Park Under Military Control After the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake Image courtesy of the US National Archive
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