SAN DIEGO COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT
An Owner’s Perspective on Lean Construction, IPD, and BIM
Presented to ASCE San Diego Section Younger Member Forum January 15, 2013| San Diego, CA
Lean Construction
A World View – Ueber Lean!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rwvmru5JmXk
San Diego Community College District (SDCCD)
Overview The Second Largest Community College District in California
Sixth Largest in Nation Three Colleges - City, Mesa and Miramar Six Continuing Education Campuses District Square Footage - 2,218,031
City College
Mesa College
Miramar College
Continuing Education
San Diego Community College District
Why Go Lean?
Reduced operating budgets of $46 million in past four years (-16%)
Increased build environment footprint of 1.3 million square feet (+65%)
Capital funding from locally approved and funded general obligation bonds
Reduce waste, create greater value
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San Diego Community College District
About the District (Current State) Current Square Footage (As of September 2012)
Buildings = 2,560,187 gross square feet Parking = 377,712 gross square feet
Current Acres of Landscape = 199.2 Current Utilities Consumption Electric = $4,119,936 Gas = $334,632 Water = $790,322 Total = $5,244,890
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San Diego Community College District
About the District (Future State) Projected Square Footage Additional Building GSF = 720,608 Total Building GSF = 3,280,795 Additional Parking GSF = 279,265 Total Parking GSF = 1,372,622
Grand Total GSF = 5,653,290
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San Diego Community College District
Construction Productivity in the U.S. Figure 1: Construction (1964 – 2003)
and Non-farm Labor Productivity Index
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San Diego Community College District
Construction Waste in the U.S. Current Manufacturing Support Activity 12%
Waste 26%
Value Added 62%
Current Construction Support Activity 33%
Waste 57%
Value Added 10% Source: Construction Industry Institute
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San Diego Community College District
Total Cost of Ownership 50-year design life
100,000 square foot classroom building Design and construction cost - $30 million
Capital Renewal: 2% of current replacement value (APPA benchmark) O&M Budget $5.69/square foot Inflation: 3%
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San Diego Community College District
Total Cost of Ownership Total Cost of Ownership Save 5% in Cap. Renewal
Savings
11% D&C: Cap. R.: O&M: Total:
36% 53%
$30M Total $101M $ 5M $149M $15M $280M $20M
NPV $1.1M $3.4M $4.4M
Save 10% in O&M
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San Diego Community College District
Target Costing
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San Diego Community College District
Practicing the Toyota Way Business Principles
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San Diego Community College District
The Toyota Way Business Tools • The Machine that Changed the World – James Womack • The Toyota Way – Jeffrey Liker
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San Diego Community College District
Early (and continued) Attitudes Toward Lean We’ve tried that.
We already do that. We don’t need it. It won’t work here. We don’t build cars. We’re different. The other guy needs it, not me. We’re doing well, so why change? Credit: Lean Construction Institute
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San Diego Community College District
“Rainbow” Report
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San Diego Community College District
Schedule Performance Traditional Design-Bid-Build Change Order Rate
Project Delay
Average = 10.8%
Average = 43.5 Days
CM Multi-Prime Change Order Rate
Project Delay
Average = 7.1%
Average = 19.5 Days
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San Diego Community College District
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)
http://www.aia.org/ipdg 17
San Diego Community College District
IPD – What Is It? Project delivery approach that integrates people, systems, business structures, and practices to optimize project results, increase value to the owner, reduce waste and maximize efficiency of project delivery. Distinguished by highly effective collaboration among the owner, prime designer and prime constructor commencing at early design through project completion. 18
San Diego Community College District
IPD – Why Do It? An integrated design process allows decisions to be made early when the opportunity for change is maximized and the cost of changes are minimized.
MacLeamy Curve 19
San Diego Community College District
Integrated Project Delivery Charter
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San Diego Community College District
Schedule Performance
Is Critical Path Scheduling Obsolete?
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San Diego Community College District
Pull vs. Push
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frhk6gkSCbs
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San Diego Community College District
Pull Planning
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San Diego Community College District
Pull Planning –Miron Construction
http://vimeo.com/13195662
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San Diego Community College District
Pull Planning
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San Diego Community College District
Target Costing – Project Budget Development Space Programming Efficiency Targeted Cost Per Sq. Ft.
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San Diego Community College District
BIM Standards
http://public.sdccdprops-n.com/Design/SDCCD%20%20Building%20Design%20Standards/SDCCD%20BIM%20Standards%20Version%202.pdf 27
San Diego Community College District
BIM Clash Detection Building Construction Mechanical piping hits cable tray and fire protection piping in ceiling space
Survey Average Results Man-hour Savings = 61 Delay Savings = 3 Days Cost Savings = $30,349.00
Number of Clashes Shown in Example = 9 Savings per Clash Resolved = $3,372.00 28
San Diego Community College District
Change Order Metrics – BIM vs. No BIM Change Orders Errors & Omissions BIM: 1.1% No BIM 3.3%
Total 4.1% 8.6%
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San Diego Community College District
Schedule Impacts – BIM vs. No BIM Average Days of Delay BIM: 24.5 No BIM: 79.6 BIM - Math & Social Science Bldg. Original Schedule – 1217 days Actual Schedule 1037 days
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San Diego Community College District BIM Integration: Mesa College Social & Behavioral Sciences Building
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San Diego Community College District MacLeamy – Buildings Are Assembled Not Built
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnXG2q8tbyY
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San Diego Community College District
Off-site Fabrication Trends
Exterior skin – Mesa College Math & Science Building
Columns and Double Ts – City College Arts & Humanities Building 33
San Diego Community College District
Off-site Pre-Fabrication Trends Mechanical systems off-site racking – Mesa College Math & Science Building
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San Diego Community College District
Off-site Pre-Fabrication Trends
Pre-fabrication warehouse – University Mechanical & Engineering 35
San Diego Community College District (SDCCD)
A3 Problem Solving – Risk/Benefit Analysis
San Diego Community College District (SDCCD)
A3 Problem Solving – HVAC Design
San Diego Community College District
A3 Reporting System Design – Structural
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San Diego Community College District
Value Stream Mapping – Change Order Process START Resolution to CM
1 Working Day
15 Working Days
CM Creates RFP; Issues to Contractor
Contractor Issues Price, CM Reviews Price, Issues COR
Determine entitlement Before proceeding From this point
Old Change Order Process
Price Fair and Reasonable?
5 Working Days
5 Working Days
Contractor Signs
A/E Signs
YES
15 Working Days
END
1 Working Day Negotiate
Distribution
NO
0 Working Day
District Admin. Receives and Processes
CM Creates Change Order 1 Working Day
Total Process Duration: 67 Working Days With Negotiation
CM Signs
IOR Signs
CPM Signs
Richard B Signs
Dave U Signs
5 Working Days
5 Working Days
5 Working Days
5 Working Days
5 Working Days
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San Diego Community College District
Value Stream Mapping – Change Order Process 1 Working Day
START Resolution to CM
CM Requests Pricing from Contractor via Fax/Email
5 Working Days Contractor Issues Price, CM Reviews & Prepares Change Order
7 Working Days
Negotiate
Determine entitlement Before proceeding From this point
New Change Order Process Effective January 2011
Price Fair and Reasonable?
7 Working Days
Total Process Duration: 28 Working Days With Negotiation
NO
YES
CPM Signs
A/E, IOR, Contractor, CM Sign Separate CO Cover Sheet
Richard B Dave U Sign
District Admin. Receives and Processes
7 Working Days
1 Working Day
END Distribution 1 Working Day
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San Diego Community College District
Safety – Root Cause Analysis of Repeated Incidents City College Campus Safety Report – February 2012 Overall Safety Comments
Overall Safety Issues
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San Diego Community College District (SDCCD)
Safety – Root Cause Analysis of Repeated Incidents Central Plant
Math & Social Science
Business & Humanities
Science
San Diego Community College District
Safety – Root Cause Analysis of Repeated Incidents • Required fall protection refresher training • Enhanced training for spotters • Enhanced focus on safety culture
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San Diego Community College District
Genchi Genbutsu
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San Diego Community College District
Hourensou
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San Diego Community College District
Questions? David Umstot, PE Vice Chancellor, Facilities Management San Diego Community College District dumstot@sdccd.edu
(619) 388-6546