PRINTING DISTRICT
Team Members
Moon Jae Hyeong Park Ji Won Park Hwi Sang Chung Suh Eun
Contents
location
history
site
printing
issue
location
history
site
printing
issue
SITE LOCATION URBAN CONTEXT
Korea
EULJIRO Printing District
Seoul
Jung-gu
Euljiro Printing District
Jongmyo
Cheonggye River Changdeok Palace Seoul City Hall
Sewoon Sangga
DDP
Site
Site
Myeong-dong
Soong-rye Moon
Dongguk Univ. Namsan-gol Park
Neighboring Landmarks
Main Roads Chongno 3-ga
Line 1
Chongno 5-ga
Dongdaemun
Jong-gak Line 2
Site
Euljiro 3-ga
Line 5
Euljiro 1-ga
Line 4
Dongdaemun History and Culture Park
Site Myeong-dong
Chungmuro
Line 3 Hoehyeon
Subway Lines
Dongguk Univ.
Neighboring Subway Stations
Location / History / Site / Printing / Issue
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TIMELINE
HISTORICAL EVENTS
1855
1885
Japanese citizens reside in vicinity of Inhyun-dong.
Japanese ministry moves to Yejang-dong.
EULJIRO Printing District
1895 Store prohibition issued by Chosun government, demolishing Korean traditional houses in area.
1913
1916
Pavement of Euljiro street.
Expansion of Changgyung Palace Road by 18m.
1918 Pavement of southern Chang-gyung Palace Road.
1920 Pavement of Donhwamun Road
1927
1945
Pavement of Marunnae Road
Vicnity selected as commercial planning area.
1952 (-64) City planning of Seoul leads to paving of neighboring roads.
1953 Twaegae Road expanded to 35m.
1966 Inhyung-dong is selected as redevelopment site.
1983 Subway line 2 launches.
2006 Sewoon complex redevelopment plan.
Location / History / Site / Printing / Issue
URBAN FABRIC
FABRIC TRANSFORMATION
Inhyun-dong vicinity has changed drastically throughout history in fabric context. Several government oriented urban planning has lead to repavement and establishing of roads. Land use shift also caused blocks within the vicinity to change throughout history.
Chosun Dynasty
Post Korean War
EULJIRO Printing District
Early Japanese Colonization
1970s
Mid Japanese Colonization
2000s
INDUSTRY SHIFT
CHANGE OF PRINTING DISTRIBUTION
Inhyun-dong vicinity has changed drastically throughout history in distribution of printing business. Through time, the printing industry has shifted downwards and more concentrated towards Chungmuro. After the 2010s, lectronics shops form a district north of Euljiro Printing District.
Paper/Printing/Publishing Art/Crafting Fabric/Clothing/Leather Electronics
2002
2012
Location / History / Site / Printing / Issue
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history
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ACCESSIBILTY There are 3 stations and 4 bus stops around the site, making it easy for the public to access. However, the roads are narrow and most of the sites are connected by one way traffic. And Human circulation are tangled with the car, and are connected by a small alley.
Pedestrian Access
Vehicular Access
iro 4 Eulj
Public Transportation
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atio
st -ga
100m
200m
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Eulj
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at a st
B
Ch
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Sta tio
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A
EULJIRO Printing District
400m
BUILDING HEIGHTS LAND USE
69
32
14 10 5.5
More than 50m 40-50m 30-40m 20-30m 10-20m 5-10m 0-5m
Location / History / Site / Printing / Issue
Vacancy Etc Not verifiable
Printing Shop Office Restaurant & Entertainment
Heavy printing machine (Small)
Product
There was a heavy printing machine on the low floor, and a printing shop was formed on one or two floors to quickly move books produced there. And upstairs, there was an office and a small workspace.
LANDUSE
FLOOR SECTOR DISTRIBUTION
Heavy printing machine (Large)
Fifth Floor
Sixth Floor
First Floor
Second Floor
Third Floor
Fourth Floor
AGING SOCIETY POPULATION
It is a graph of the ratio of elderly population in Seoul city and Euljiro. This shows that the elderly rate in Euljiro is much higher than the average in Seoul. This is not only the old buildings of Euljiro, but also the residents are older. Therefore, it is necessary to design a proper direction.
Seoul City
Population
Euljiro 34.5% 22.9%
22.2% 12.7%
More than 65 years 50-64 Years old
More than 65 years
10,204,057
EULJIRO Printing District
1,826
50-64 Years old
SOLAR
ENVIRONMENT
Basic Information
Daylight
Latitude: +37.56 (37°33’36”N) Longitude: +126.99 (126°59’24”E)
12AM
Time zone: UTC+9 hours
NIGHT
Country: South Korea Continent: Asia
DUSK
Sub-region: Eastern Asia Distance: ~30 km (from your IP) Altitude: ~50 m
DAY
12PM
DAWN
Solar Position NIGHT 12AM JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Location / History / Site / Printing / Issue
SHADOWS ENVIRONMENT
Summer Shadows In the summer, the altitude of the sun is high and the length of the shadows is small, but the high sewoon mall is blocked, and the shadows are deep.
Morning
EULJIRO Printing District
Afternoon
Evening
Winter Shadows In winter, the altitude of the sun is low and the shadows are dark. In addition, deep shadows are created because of the sewoon shopping.
Morning
Afternoon
Evening
Location / History / Site / Printing / Issue
CLIMATE
ENVIRONMENT
Temperature
Precipitation
The maximum temperature diagram for Seoul displays how many days per month reach certain temperatures.
The precipitation diagram for Seoul shows on how many days per month, certain precipitation amounts are reached.
30 DAYS
30 DAYS
25 DAYS
25 DAYS
20 DAYS
20 DAYS
15 DAYS
15 DAYS
10 DAYS
10 DAYS
5 DAYS
5 DAYS
0 DAYS
0 DAYS JAN
FEB
<-5°C
<0°C
EULJIRO Printing District
MAR
>0°C
APR
5°C
MAY
10°C
JUN
15°C
JUL
20°C
AUG
25°C
SEP
>30°C
OCT
NOV
DEC
FROST DAYS
JAN
<2
FEB
2-5
MAR
5-10
APR
MAY
10-20
JUN
20-50
JUL
AUG
50-100
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
>100mm DRY DAYS SNOW DAYS
Wind Speed
Wind Rose
The diagram for Seoul shows how many days within one month can be expected to reach certain wind speeds. The wind rose for Seoul shows how many hours per year the wind blows from the indicated direction. Example SW: Wind is blowing from South-West (SW) to North-East (NE).
N NNW
NNE 10 0 0
NW
NE 75 0
30 DAYS 25 DAYS
500 WNW
ENE
20 DAYS
250
15 DAYS 0
W
E
10 DAYS 5 DAYS WSW
ESE
0 DAYS JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC SW
1
5
12
19
28
38
50
61 km/h
SE
SSW
SSE S
Location / History / Site / Printing / Issue
ALLEY COMPARISON CHANGES IN TRANSPORTATION
Alley Zone A and B have small alleys that accompany few people. Zone C has a moderate alley width and can accommodate few transportation vehicles. Zone D encompasses large buildings, along with wide alleys. Alleys consist of roads and sidewalks.
Width Four sections A, B, C, D each have a distinctive size of alleys. Region A and B are made up of small builidngs and the alleys are very narry, fitting barely two people. Region C allows vehicles to pass by, such as bikes, small cars, sambaris, etc. Region D has broad roads that allow all vehicles (ie. cars, trucks, motorcycles) and multiple pedestrians to pass by.
Zone D Zone C Zone B Zone A
EULJIRO Printing District
Alley Zone A
Zone B
Zone C
Zone E
1-2m
3-5m
6-8m
9-12m
Width
Location / History / Site / Printing / Issue
ALLEY ADAPTATION
DIVERSIFICATION OF TRANSPORTATION
There must be various means of transportation for the horizontal movement of prints in complex alleys. Basically, the type of transportation depends on the width of the road. One printed matter must be transported by at least 3-4 transportation means. The vehicles work in conjunction with one large conveyor belt. 3.5 T Truck
1 T Truck
Loading Load : 3500kg Road width : 9-12m
Loading Load : 1000kg Road width : 6-8m
Forklift truck
Damas (minivan)
Loading Load : 2000kg Road width : 3-5m
Loading Load : 500kg Road width : 3-5m
Sambal-i (Remodeled Motorcycle)
Handcart
Loading Load : 500kg Road width : 3-5m
Loading Load : 200kg Road width : 1-2m
EULJIRO Printing District
Road width : 1-2m
Road width : 3-5m
Road width : 6-8m
Road width : 9-12m
Location / History / Site / Printing / Issue
ORIGINALLY BUILDING TYPE
COMMERCIAL BUILDING AND LAND IS PERSISTED UNTIL NOW 1921 et
tre 4S w rro
na
un
re Ma
Residential et
ow arr
tre 4S
nn reu a M
Commercial
2F : STORAGE / VACANT
et
tre 4S w rro
et
na
n reu Ma
u
re Ma
w rro
a nn
tre 4S
Printing Shop
The Present et
1F : WORKSPACE
n
un
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ow arr
tre 4S
Commercial buildings where buildings and land have continued to this day
EULJIRO Printing District
Many of the lands along the Fourth Street, which was one of the typical commercial streets, underwent many changes. And many of the urban structures and buildings at that time still exist today. As owners change and buildings are built, only the division and boundaries of the lands are changed, and most of their unique forms are maintained. Therefore, the buildings are preserved in its basic form, and only the internal functions have changed to suit the current industry.
NEW CONSTRUCTED BUILDING
THE LAND IS CONTIUED, BUT BUILDING WAS CHANGED
Ch
un
gm
ur oS tre
et
3F : STORAGE / RESTING SPACE
Residential
1964 Ch
un
gm
ur oS tre
et
Commercial
2005 Ch
un
2F : WORKSPACE
gm
ur oS tre
Ch
et
Printing Shop
The Present Ch
un
un
gm
ur oS tre
et
1F : WORKSPACE
gm
ur oS tre
et
The buildings follow the shape of a Japanese-style that is narrowed inward and faces the road.
Because the character of the street does not change easily even if the age changes, this street still has a character as a commercial street. Therefore, most of the buildings were newly built with more than two stories to replace the aging of the building and to solve the high density. Such a planar proportion, which may be inconvenient for other commercial purposes, is appropriate for the nature of the printing business, which is divided by process.
Location / History / Site / Printing / Issue
ILLEGAL ADDITION
BUILDING AND LAND HAD SOME VARIATION 1921 Eu lj
iro
20
Str e
et
1964
Residential Eu lj
iro
20
Str e
et
ATTIC : STORAGE
Commercial
2005 Eu lj
iro
20
Str e
iro
iro
Printing Shop
The Present Eu lj
Eu lj
et
20
Str e
et
1F : WORKSPACE 20
Str e
et
The Shape of Lands and Buildings Have been Maintained But sometimes a part of them has been split or merged.
EULJIRO Printing District
Because the roads can not be changed easily, they have changed in the big frame of the road system. The buildings and lands were reunited and one long space was created. This was accelerated as the printing industry grew and the current narrow and long planes appeared.
EXAMPLE OF BUILDING TYPE
ORIGINAL BUILDING TYPE The Shape of Lands and Buildings Have been Maintained and some buildings are merged.
NEW CONSTRUCTED BUILDING
ILLEGAL ADDITION
Land is Persistent but Building was newly built to more stories.
Some Lands is Merged and Building was Changed to Narrow and Long Plane.
Location / History / Site / Printing / Issue
SPACIAL ADAPTATION PHYSICAL TYPE
Printing shops prefer to be located on the first floor for many reasonable factors. But there are few first floor spaces, so a good number of printing shops end up going to second, third floors or down to the basement. Since printing shops require large spaces to indwell heavy equipment, and easy transport for loading/unloading proudcts, the printing shops of Inhyun-dong have adapted to given circumstances to find their own means to make things work.
EULJIRO Printing District
USE OF STAIRS
Inhyung-dong 1-ga 134-2 uses a moveable incline board to encompass the vertical space change. The movable board allows the stairs to be used as ramps, only when necessary to save space. When unused, the board is attached to the wall by a ring.
LIFT INSTALLATION
Inhyung-dong 1-ga 136-11 attached a exterior lift to encompass the vertical space change. The lift is hoisted on the wall, and can carry products and equipment to the second and third floor.
Printing shops prefer to be located on the first floor for many reasonable factors. But there are few first floor spaces, so a good number of printing shops end up going to second, third floors or down to the basement. Since printing shops require large spaces to indwell heavy equipment, and easy transport for loading/unloading proudcts, the printing shops of Inhyun-dong have adapted to given circumstances to find their own means to make things work.
ENTRANCE DIVISION
STRUCTURE ALTERATION
Inhyung-dong 1-ga 181-3 has divided the entrance space to act as both a stair step and loading area. Karts and boxes used often in the loading process are place in near reach to allow swift carrying.
Inhyung-dong 2-ga 197-6 expanded the space by adding a second floor. By removing the ceiling to secure a higher story height, they added a steel structure floor and a new ceiling to add a second story.
Location / History / Site / Printing / Issue
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PRINTING DISTRICT
CONCENTRATION OF PRINTING INDUSTRY
The area known as “Print Alley” Inhyeon-dong is neither a single alley nor a single neighborhood but rather includes parts of three adminstrative units in Seoul’s Junggu district . There are more than 25,800 registered businesses here as of 2013, and 5,181 (22% of total) of them are related to printing. SE
UN
AR CA
DE
EULJIRO STATION
SE
UN
AR CA
DE
Printing Realated Business
(22%)
Other Business CHUNGMURO STATION
EULJIRO Printing District
(78%)
housewares wholesale business, groceries and cigarette wholesale business, metal work Product business, architecture materials shop and iron goods shop, etc...
PRINTING BUSINESS
HOW PRINTING INDUSTRY IS FLOWING IN EULJIRO?
Business Condition In Euljiro :
Expensive Machine
High Rent
It takes a lot of money to have the equipment necessary for printing. There are benefits to the service industry due to the characteristics of the downtown area, but there is a risk burden to the small business operators due to the high rental rates.
&
100 Million￦
Printing Business in Euljiro : Small Business Euljiro’s companies are often in the form of small workshops with one machine because of the high machine cost and high rent. So Euljiro is the cluster of a small private businesses.
~
10,000 Million￦
One Machine
Small Workspace
&
Location / History / Site / Printing / Issue
PRINTING BUSINESS
HOW PRINTING INDUSTRY IS FLOWING IN EULJIRO?
Euljiro vs Paju printing Business
Euljiro :
One Machine In Small Work Area
Comparing Euljiro and Paju, Euljiro has many small workplaces that work with a single machine in a small workspace, Paju puts a number of machines in a relatively large workshop and many people work in process order.
EULJIRO Printing District
Paju :
Several Machine In Large Work Area
PRINTING PROCESS SEQUENTIAL PRINTING PROCESS
Prepress
Press
Postpress
Offset Printing Method
The Ink is not printed directly.
A
C M Y K
A
Color verification
Framing(catching)
A
Plate making
Press
Post-processing
Manuscript
Digital Printing Method
A
A
Press
Post-processing
The Prototype can rather be fed directly from a computer to a digital printer.
Location / History / Site / Printing / Issue
PRINTING PROCESS IN EULJIRO PRINTING DISTRICT
Horizontal Spatial Division Centered on Planning Space
Printing Processes in Different Places Flow of Paper
Delivery
Plate Making Shop
Printing Shop Planning Space Coating Shop
Adhesion
Adhesion Shop
Coating Order
In the printing alley, several workplaces located within a specific spatial structure have sequential transactional relationships according to the continuous printing process, and paper and money circulate through these transactional.
EULJIRO Printing District
Printing Plate Making
Planning
In the printing alley of Inhyeon-dong, the flow of paper and money seems to flow smoothly and flexibly based on mutual trust. Because of this, after the planning office first gives the work orders as a whole, the tasks are sequentially executed without any instruction. The printing house, the printing house, and the post-production house take care of their work to the next step.
PRINTING LABOR DIVISION ALLEYS LINKED LIKE A GREAT CONVEYOR BELT
In order to make a single print, several processes leading to â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;planning - design - edit - output - print - postâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; must be connected smoothly. Inhyeon-dong printing houses have a small number of workshops with one machine, so it is not possible to digest all the printing processes in one place. Inhyeon-dong printing houses overcome these weaknesses through the division of labor, which is a group of companies that process each process.
Prepress
1
3
7 2
10
9
6
8
1. Planning 2. Paper production 3. Printing
Press 4. Presswork
12 Postpress A
A
11 5. Folding paper 6. Cover coating 7. Cover wood pattern making 8. Cover Tomson 9. Cover plate printing 10. Cover holder printing 11. Bookbinding 12. Box packaging
5 A
A
4
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ECONOMIC FACTORS CRISIS OF PRINTING INDUSTRY
At the same time with development of all of the part, technology, industries and culture, pringting technology has developed til now. New printing tech(;digital print, CTP etc) let mass production possible with good quality, which caused printing machine to become bigger and expensive. Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s why workers who work in small shop can not use that kind of new machines.
Old Printing Press
Small Printing Shop
Cost Unavailable
Offline AD Paper
Changing Trend
New Printing Technology
Large Printing Shop
Cost Available on Internet
Online AD Media
Equalization of the Quality Reduction of workers
Tipping effect of demand for print
Dumbing down of prices by Cost exposure
Reduction of commercial printing needs
EULJIRO Printing District
ECONOMIC FACTORS CRISIS OF PRINTING INDUSTRY
Recently, many of the printing shops go out to other place that they can keep working. Representatively, Janghang and Sungsudong industry complex is just examples. Relatively, price of land and lent fee of building are cheaper than Euljilo, and people can work in larger and more clean space.
Janghang Industrial Complex
The Number of Average Worker The number of all offices related to printing The number of all workers
Sungsudong Industrial Complex
Ratio of Private Business The number of all offices related to printing The number of private business
Euljiro Printing District
Janghang Industrial Complex
Euljiro printing district
Sungsudong Industrial Complex
5,390 272
9.78%
2.37%
7.55% 2,272
2,863
2,659 2,159,000m
402,352m
2
68.7%
1,759,000m2
2
91.6%
82.7%
Location / History / Site / Printing / Issue
CURRENT PHENOMENA CRISIS OF PRINTING INDUSTRY
Nevertheless, decline of the number of printing shop and workers in Euljiro is not that big, because demand of paper for printing slightly has declined til now. However, development of new tech and enlargement of printing shop have made demand for printing lean to one side. Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; why small pringting shop in Eulgiro are in Low groth, which can cause decline unit price and qulity of their life.
Relationship between Demand of Paper and Growth Rate
Num, People
Decline of Printing Shop and Workers
18,000 16,000
Low Growth 14,000
Demand for Print
IMF Workers
12,000
Unit price for Print
10,000 8,000
Quility of life
Slight decline of demand of paper for printing
6,000
Shops
4,000
EULJIRO Printing District
2015
2010
2005
2000
1995
1990
1985
1980
1975
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
Years
Years
GOVERNMENT FACTORS CRISIS OF PRINTING INDUSTRY
SEUN Reorganization Promoted District
Re; SEUN(build) Project
Specialized Print District, Junggu
‘세운 재정비 촉진지구’
‘다시 세운 프로젝트’
‘인쇄 특화지구’
Policy support to improve the area arounf Seun Arcade - Land Utilization - Population & Housing
Multiplicative support to recover Seun Arcade & manufacturing industry of Seun acade area by renovating of Seun Arcade
- General Supporting Center - Improvement of Pedestrian Circulation
- Industry Community
- Improvement of the Industry
- Management Consulting
- Enviroment Conservation - Landscape Pan - Traffic Plan
Institutional support to improve Printing Specialization District and Industry
- Improvement of Local Community
- Support of Technology(3D Printing, Use of App) - Support of Fund
Location / History / Site / Printing / Issue
PHYSICAL FACTORS CRISIS OF PRINTING INDUSTRY
Noise Polluation Unstable Wires Deteriorated Canopy Trash on the Street
EULJIRO Printing District
Indiscreet Signages Illegal Renovation Indiscreet Repair Paper Storage
Location / History / Site / Printing / Issue
CRISIS OF PRINTING DISTRICT URBAN ISLAND
From the past to nowadays, the time of Euljiro has stopped. Most of the black color of the city is here. Surrounded by highrise building, sign of modernization, Eulgiro printing district and around area are still confined
EULJIRO Printing District
POSSIBILITY OF PRINTING DISTRICT
URBAN ISLAND
Eventhough the area is confined now, many kind of people have their own passion for life and family and there are various history and cultures, which is Precious legacy that we should keep as Soul of city.
Location / History / Site / Printing / Issue
Thank You !
2017 02-05. HANYANG UNIV. UIA INTERNATIONAL STUDIO