Common Women Health Issues
Breast cancers It’s a type of cancer which develops from breast cells; inner lining of milk ducts is the development part. Breast cancer is one of the most common health issues around the world which found in women. There are two types of breast cancers “Invasive” and “Non-invasive” breast cancer
Anatomy of Breast
Invasive breast cancer- The cancer cells break out from inside the lobules or ducts and invade nearby tissue. With this type of cancer, the abnormal cells can reach the lymph nodes, and eventually make their way to other organs (metastasis), such as the bones, liver or lungs. The abnormal (cancer) cells can travel through the bloodstream or the lymphatic system to other parts of the body; either early on in the disease, or later. Non-invasive breast cancer- This is when the cancer is still inside its place of origin and has not broken out. Lobular carcinoma in situ is when the cancer is still inside the lobules, while ductal carcinoma in situ is when they are still inside the milk ducts. "In situ" means "in its original place". Sometimes, this type of breast cancer is called "pre-cancerous"; this means that although the abnormal cells have not spread outside their place of origin, they can eventually develop into invasive breast cancer.
Common Symptoms
Some common signs and symptoms of breast cancer are as follows A lump in a breast A pain in the armpits or breast that does not seem to be related to the woman's menstrual period Pitting or redness of the skin of the breast; like the skin of an orange A rash around (or on) one of the nipples A swelling (lump) in one of the armpits An area of thickened tissue in a breast One of the nipples has a discharge; sometimes it may contain blood The nipple changes in appearance; it may become sunken or inverted The size or the shape of the breast changes The nipple-skin or breast-skin may have started to peel, scale or flake.
Causes of Breast Cancer
Age- Breast cancer risk increases with increase in age, it has been noticed 80% cases of breast cancer are belongs to age 50 or above. Genetic- Breast cancer can cause due to genetic disorders as well, women who have any relative who has/had breast or ovarian cancer are more likely to develop it. However the majority of breast cancers are not hereditary. Dense breast tissue- Women with denser breast tissue has a greater chance of developing breast cancer. Estrogen exposure- Women who started having period’s earlier or entered menopause later than usual have a higher risk of developing breast cancer. This is because their bodies have been exposed to estrogen for longer. Estrogen exposure begins when periods start, and drops dramatically during the menopause. Obesity- Post-menopausal obese and overweight women may have a higher risk of developing breast cancer. Experts say that there are higher levels of estrogen in obese menopausal women, which may be the cause of the higher risk. Alcohol consumption - The more alcohol a woman regularly drinks, the higher her risk of developing breast cancer is. Radiation exposure- Undergoing X-rays and CT scans may raise a woman's risk of developing breast cancer slightly. HRT (hormone replacement therapy) - both forms, combined and estrogen-only HRT therapies may increase a woman's risk of developing breast cancer slightly. Combined HRT causes a higher risk.
Inverted nipple is a sign of breast cancer? Inverted nipples on one or both sides are quite common and not typically associated with cancer. However, some cancers involving the breast ducts can cause retraction of the ducts, leading to nipple retraction. It is best to speak to an experienced surgeon about the nipple retraction to see if it is cause for concern.
Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a bone disease where parts of the bone become weak and prone to fracture. 68 percent of the 44 million people at risk for osteoporosis are women. One of every two women over age 50 will likely have an osteoporosisrelated fracture in their lifetime. That’s twice the rate of fractures in men one in four. 75 percent of all cases of hip osteoporosis affect women.
Common Symptoms
Back pain, caused by a fractured or collapsed vertebra Loss of height over time A stooped posture A bone fracture that occurs much more easily than expected
Causes of Osteoporosis
Drop in estrogen after menopause: The rate of bone loss increases significantly after menopause because the ovaries stop producing estrogen, a hormone that plays a major role in the bone repair process. Female athletes and women who suffer from anorexia nervosa may also be at increased risk for osteoporosis. In both cases, the menstrual cycle is disrupted or lost and levels of estrogen in the body drop dramatically. Women who experience early menopause (before 45 years of age) are more likely to have osteoporosis. Family history and body type: Osteoporosis tends to run in families, and the risk of this condition is greater for individuals with elderly relatives who have had a bone fracture, especially if it is a parent who has had a hip fracture. People of European and Asian descent are most at risk. People who are thin or "smallboned" also have a higher risk of osteoporosis. People who have had a fracture in the vertebrae are also at increased risk. Lifestyle and health conditions: Lifestyle factors such as smoking and excessive drinking, taking specific medications (such as corticosteroids), and having certain medical conditions may also contribute to bone loss. People with type 2 diabetes are more likely to suffer a hip or shoulder fracture than those without diabetes.
Lack of Physical Work: Bones need to be used daily in order for them to stay healthy. People who are physically active are less at risk of developing osteoporosis, as their bones are stronger and less likely to lose strength with age. By contrast, a person who is bedridden or inactive for a lengthy period of time loses bone mass very quickly and is at high risk of osteoporosis. Lack of Calcium: Children, adolescents, and adults need to eat the recommended amounts of vitamins and minerals. Calcium and vitamin D are very important in the maintenance of healthy and strong bones throughout life and in the prevention of osteoporosis.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a problem in which a woman's hormones are out of balance. It can cause problems with menstrual periods and make it difficult to get pregnant. PCOS also may cause unwanted changes in the way you look. If it isn't treated, over time it can lead to serious health problems, such as diabetes and heart disease.
Common Symptoms
Acne Weight gain and trouble losing weight Extra hair on the face and body- Often women get thicker and darker facial hair and more hair on the chest, belly, and back Thinning hair on the scalp Irregular periods- Often women with PCOS have fewer than nine periods a year, some women have no periods and others have very heavy bleeding
 Fertility problems- Many women who have PCOS have trouble getting pregnant (infertility)  Depression
Causes of PCOS
Excess insulin- Insulin is the hormone produced in the pancreas that allows cells to use sugar, your body's primary energy supply. If you have insulin resistance, your ability to use insulin effectively is impaired, and your pancreas has to secrete more insulin to make glucose available to cells. Excess insulin might also affect the ovaries by increasing androgen production, which may interfere with the ovaries' ability to ovulate. Low-grade inflammation- Your body's white blood cells produce substances to fight infection in a response called inflammation. Research has shown that women with PCOS have low-grade inflammation and that this type of low-grade inflammation stimulates polycystic ovaries to produce androgens. Heredity- If your mother or sister has PCOS; you might have a greater chance of having it, too. Researchers also are looking into the possibility that certain genes are linked to PCOS.
Depression
Sadness or downswings in mood are normal reactions to life’s struggles, setbacks, and disappointments. Many people use the word “depression” to explain these kinds of feelings, but depression is much more than just sadness. Some people describe depression as “living in a black hole” or having a feeling of impending doom. However, some depressed people don't feel sad at all—they may feel lifeless, empty, and apathetic, or men in particular may even feel angry, aggressive, and restless.
Common Symptoms Feeling of Helplessness and Hopelessness Loss of interest in daily activities- Start finding no interest in hobbies, pastimes, social activities, sex and losing ability to feel joy and pleasure. Appetite or weight changes- Significant weight loss or weight gain, a change of more than 5% of body weight in a month. Lack of Sleep- Either insomnia, especially waking in the early hours of the morning, or oversleeping. Anger or irritability- Feeling agitated, restless, or even violent. Your tolerance level is low, your temper short, and everything and everyone gets on your nerves. Loss of energy- Feeling fatigued, sluggish, and physically drained, your whole body may feel heavy, and even small tasks are exhausting or take longer to complete. Self-loathing- Strong feelings of worthlessness or guilt, you harshly criticize yourself for perceived faults and mistakes. Reckless behavior- You engage in escapist behavior such as substance abuse, compulsive gambling, reckless driving, or dangerous sports. Concentration problems Unexplained aches and pains
Causes of Depression
Loneliness Lack of social support Recent stressful life experiences Family history of depression Marital or relationship problems
Financial strain Early childhood trauma or abuse Alcohol or drug abuse Unemployment or underemployment Health problems or chronic pain
Thalassemia Blood Disease Thalassemia is a type of blood disorder which passed down through families. In this body makes abnormal form of hemoglobin, the red blood cell protein which carries oxygen.
Common Symptoms
Thalassemia Minor: Thalassemia minor usually does not cause any symptoms. If it does, it causes only minor anemia. Beta Thalassemia: Beta Thalassemia comes in two serious types
Thalassemia Major: Generally appear before a child’s second birthday. The severe anemia related to this condition can be life-threatening. Other symptoms include:
Fussiness Paleness Frequent infections Poor appetite Failure to thrive Jaundice Enlarged organs
Thalassemia Intermedia: It is a less severe form of beta thalassemia. While people with this condition still have anemia, they do not need blood transfusions.
Causes of Thalassemia
Thalassemia occurs when there is an abnormality or mutation in one of the genes involved in hemoglobin production. This genetic defect is inherited from your parents. If only one of your parents is a carrier for thalassemia, you may develop a form of the disease called “thalassemia minor.” If this occurs, you will probably not have symptoms, but you will be a carrier of the disease. Some people with thalassemia minor do develop minor symptoms. If both of your parents are carriers of thalassemia, you have a 25 percent chance of inheriting a more serious form of the disease. Thalassemia is most common in people from Southeast and Central Asia, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, India, and North Africa.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a progressive type of lung disease which makes it difficult to breath. Here progressive means the disease gets worse over time.
Common Symptoms
You have a cough that won't go away You often cough up mucus You are often short of breath, especially when you exercise
You may feel tightness in your chest Coughing up more mucus than usual A change in the color or thickness of that mucus More shortness of breath than usual Greater tightness in your chest
Causes of COPD
Long-term exposure to lung irritants such as industrial dust and chemical fumes Preterm birth that leads to lung damage (neonatal chronic lung disease) Smoking- Cigarette smoke is by the far the most common reason people get COPD Secondhand smoke- Even if you don't smoke yourself, you can get COPD from living with a smoker and breathing in smoke Pollution and fumes- You can get COPD from air pollution Your genes Asthma
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