2004-2008 Hurricanes Tracking
2008 2007 2006 Legend
1D
1S
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
2005 2004
in 2008 there were 8 hurricanes in the Caribbean 996 people were killed
aftermath of hurricane david in Dominica Hurricanes Gustav and Dean in Jamaica, The Dominican Republic and Haiti.
the destruction cost 39.2 billion dollars
Houston, USA [1,171,768]
New Orleans, USA [775,889]
Miami, USA [981,700]
Altamira, Mexico [209,961]
Bahamas [618,580]
Progresso, Mexico [66,331] Cayman Islands [44,304]
Veracruz, Mexico [551,461]
Puerto Rico [1,892,635]
Cuba [253,743]
British Virgin Islands Anguilla [40,599] [20,299] Haiti [73,266]
Puerto Barrios, Guatemala [198,633]
Dominican Republic [516,390]
American Virgin Islands St. Kitts-Nevis [37,643] [40,599]
Jamaica [902,222] Santo Tomas de Castilla, Guatemala [193,623]
Santa Maria, Columbia [53,426] Barranquilla, Columbia [76,173]
Container Handeling [Tens of Thousands]
Guadeloupe [105,228] Dominica [8256]
Martinique [143,877]
Aruba [72,563]
caribbean ports:
Antigua and Barbuda [44,522]
Cartegena, Columbia [551,865]
St. Vincent & Grenadines [40,599]
Curacao [72,015]
St. Lucia [45,810]
Barbados [72,649]
Grenada [40,599]
Puerto Cabello, Venezuela [629,282]
Trinidad & Tobago [303,393] La Guaira, Venezuela [125,604]
in the world ther are currently over 30 million shipping containers NOT being used Images from pports in New Jersey, New York and Los Angeles
Landfall points & Damage from 2008 Hurricanes
Hurrivcane
TS Laura
TS Cristobal TS Edouard
$ 0.25 millions 6 deaths $ 23 millions 6 deaths
Kyle
TS Marco
$ ∼ 180 millions 25 deaths Arthur
Fay
Dolly $ 1,520 millions
$ 78 millions 5 deaths
21 deaths $ 9.7 millions 9 deaths
Gustav $ 8,300 millions
TD Sixteen Paloma
$ 2,090 millions 1 deaths
Omar
101 deaths
Hanna
$ 160 millions $ 532 deaths
Landfall point
Arthur Ambergris Caye, Belize Bertha Bermuda (direct hit, no landfall) Cristobal Cape Hatteras, North Carolina (direct hit, no landfall) Dolly Cancún, Mexico South Padre Island, Texas Edouard Gilchrist, Texas Fay Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Cabo Cruz, Cuba Matanzas Province, Cuba Key West, Florida Cape Romano, Florida Flagler Beach, Florida Carrabelle, Florida Gustav Jacmel, Haiti Kingston, Jamaica Little Cayman, and CaymanBrac, Cayman Islands (directhit, no landfall) Isla de la Juventud, Cuba Pinar del Río Province, Cuba Cocodrie, Louisiana Hanna Providenciales Inagua, Bahamas (direct hit,no landfall) Northern Hispaniola (directhit, no landfall) Middle Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina Islip, New York Connecticut/Rhode Island Border Ike Grand Turk Island Inagua, Bahamas Punto de Sama, Cuba Pinar del Río Province, Cuba Galveston Island, Texas Kyle Yarmouth, Nova Scotia Marco El Laurel, Veracruz Omar US Virgin Islands (direct hit, no landfall) Sixteen El Limón, Honduras Grand Cayman Island (directhit, no landfall) Paloma $ 31,500 millions Little Cayman and Cayman Brac, 126 deaths Cayman Islands Santa Cruz del Sur, Cuba Ike TS Nana
3 deaths
$ ∼ 96 millions 1 deaths
Bertha
TS Josephine
Landfall Point Legend
1D 1D
1S 1S
A1 A1
A2 A2
A3 A3
A4 A4
A5 A5
Castries, St. Lucia
container surplus
The world’s introduction of the shipping container resulted in vast improvements in port handling efficiency. Lower shipping and freight charges helped boost trade flows. In today’s society, almost every consumer good spends some time in a shipping container. Today there are about 30 million containers in the world. At the same time, there are an estimated 700,000 sitting in U.S. ports alone due to the exploding growth of imports from China. This problem exist in many countries where their imports exceed their exports. It is cheaper to manufacture a new container in China, than transporting it empty back to where it originated. In port cities and areas around inland freight transit terminals hundreds of thousands of empty containers are piling up.
Houston, USA (2,200,000)
New Orleans, USA (239,124)
Miami, USA (409,719) Altamira, Mexico (162,628) Bahamas (307,451)
Cuba (11,423,952) Puerto Rico (3,958,128)
Cayman Islands (47,862)
Veracruz, Mexico (444,438)
Puerto Barrios, Guatemala (40,900)
British Virgin Islands (22,000) Anguilla (13,477) Jamaica (2,804,332)
Haiti (8,924,553)
American Virgin Islands St. Kitts-Nevis (109,840) [40,599]
Dominican Republic (9,507,133)
Antigua and Barbuda (84,522)
Martinique (402,000)
Guadeloupe (452,776) Dominica (72,514) St. Lucia (159,585)
St. Vincent & Grenadines (118,432)
Aruba (101,541)
Barbados (281,968)
Grenada (90,343) Puerto Cabello, Venezuela (154,000)
caribbean countries: Populations [Fifties of Thousands]
Cartegena, Columbia (1,240,000)
Trinidad & Tobago (1,047,366)
container
In 1956, trucking tycoon Malcom McLean invented a better, faster, and more economical way to transport goods. His new container could be lifted by crane from truck to ship to train. These new stackable containers spread rapidly through the United States and engulfed the world market shortly thereafter. Between 1968 and 1970 the container was finally globally standardized. The majority of containers used today comply with ISO standardizations, with 20’ and 40’-long containers being used predominantly.
caribbean-region Puerto Rico
U.K. virgin Islands Anguilla Antigua-Barbuda
U.S. virgin Islands New Orleans
Guadeloupe Dominica Miami
Martinique St. Vincent Grenadines Bahamas
Barbados Grenada
Cuba
U.S. virgin Islands
Antigua-Barbuda
Guadeloupe Dominica Martinique St. Vincent Grenadines
300 million
250 million
Barbados
population
Grenada
Trinidad & Tobago
200 million
150 million
100 million
50 million
brazil
Dominican Republic
mexico
Haiti
Trinidad & Tobago
Anguilla
france
Jamaica
U.K. virgin Islands
caribbean region
Puerto Rico
united states
Cayman Islands
0
The Caribbean is Heterogeneous, an
–David Boxer St. Andrew Jamaica
demographics
“The Caribbean is not a closely knit homogenous society. It is still very much a group of societies and those societies are different by…unfortunately, but this is how it is defined by the colonial past. In the English speaking territories we are closer we do deal with the same past. There are coming out is this the histories of the French Certainly and when and you think of Haiti and with the Spanish men you think of Cuba or Santa Domingo, but in each of the areas the French treated, for instance, their slaves differently, probably it accounts for the different personalities, the different racial personalities within the Caribbean, but we will always feel closer to those from Barbados and Jamaica here, we will feel close to those from Barbados, from Trinidad, from Antigua, from the English speaking territories then we do with those from the French, or those from the Dutch, or even the Spanish.”
303.8m
37.5m
65.1m
109.9m
191.9m
# of islands: 7,000 caribbean sea: 2,515,900 sq km government types: 13 sovereign states 2 overseas departments 14 dependent territories European Union or United States ethnicities: African (Kongo, Igbo, Yoruba, Akan) Native American (Arawak, Caribs, Taino) European (Spanish, French, English, Portuguese, Dutch) Asian (Chinese, Indian) The Caribbean and the Sea
land
export commodities
Artist, David Boxer
sea
Idiosyncratic series of independent islands and cultures, identified by local traditions and traits
country
KCHO (Alexis Leyva Machado) “I believe that for the Caribbean, the sea is everything. Our door, our enemy, our friend, our mom…And this, when you are far from the sea, you feel it. And you feel it is fundamental for you, and that your island is that way, and you feel that all your islands from the Caribbean are that way, and that the sea is in that direction. And you feel that the sea is your escape, and that though you are in the middle of the continent, you can smell it, and know in which direction you need to go.” - KCHO
haiti-port-au-prince
291 km land area = 27,600 sq km or 2.7 million soccer fields
haiti
4000000
2000000
Gordon 1994 killed1000
0
country city
demographics
Georges killed 400 destroyed 80% crops
11,423,900 5,600,000
government: ethnicity: language: relegion:
8,925,000 2,500,000
basseterre
Hazel 1954 killed 1000
6000000
st kitts & nevis
unnamed 1935 killed 2000
8000000
port-au-prince
Flora 1963 killed 8000
population
Jeanne 2004 killed 3000
havana
10000000
hurricanes
cuba
12000000
39,800 15,500
republic 95% black, 5% mulatto, white french, creole 80% roman catholic, 16% protestant
hazards: flooding, earthquakes, droughts, hurricanes GDP: (purchasing power parity): $12.15 billion GDP per capita: (purchasing power parity): $1,400 (U.S.: $45,800)
other (developed, rural)
industry labor service labor
27,600 sq km total
arable land
3.6 million total workers 2/3 unemployment
land use
permanent crops
agriculture labor
labor
export commodities
literacy: 52.9% (shortage of skilled labor) hiv/aids prevalence: 5.6%
poverty Haiti is by far the most poverty stricken country in the Caribbean. Most Haitians live in small, often remote, villages or isolated settlements, with no access to electricity, clean water, or social services. Some rudimentary education is offered by church and other charitable organizations, but the distances children must travel to school, the costs of books and uniforms, and the necessity for them to work from an early age means that illiteracy is estimated at over half of the adult population. Illness can often spell financial disaster, as meager savings or investments such as a pig must be sold to pay for medicines. In some areas large numbers of people are dependent on aid agencies for food supplies.
Aerial view of the flooding caused by Hurricane Hanna in Gonaives, Haiti's second largest city (pop. 300,000).
32 km
barbados-bridgetown
1895 just south; 110mph winds 1898 95mph; hundreds killed 1916 just north; 85mph
6000000
4000000
2000000
1955 janet; 120mph winds killed 35 people; damaged 1800 homes,20,000 homeless..
0
country city
demographics
1963 just north; 95mph winds 1979 david passes to the north with 140mph winds 1980 Allen; 125mph winds; 6 Million dollars in damage 1995 Marilyn to north; 75mph winds; minor damage
11,423,900 5,600,000
government: ethnicity: language: relegion:
282,000 96,500
39,800 15,500
parliamentary democracy 90% black, 6% asian, 4% white english 63% protestant, 28% angilican, 19% pentecostal
hazards: hurricanes, landslides, pollution GDP: (purchasing power parity): $5.7 billion GDP per capita: (purchasing power parity): $20,200 (Haiti: $1,300)
arable land other (developed, rural) agriculture labor industry labor service labor
431 sq km total
permanent crops
128,500 total workers 10.7% unemployment
Barbados has a comparatively high density at 1,561people per square mile.
land use
internet users: 160,000 maritime ports: 1bridgetown
labor
export commodities
8000000
barbados
population
1887 just north; 80mph winds
basseterre
10000000
st kitts & nevis
1831 killed 1,500
bridgetown
12000000
havana
1780 killed 4,326 in Barbados.
cuba
hurricanes
land area = 431 sq km or 43,100 soccer fields
chattel house- literally,
moveable property, a name given to a small, usually wooden house in the Caribbean. The term goes back to the plantation days when the home owners would build houses designed to move from one property to another. Chattel houses were set on blocks rather than being anchored into the ground. Some houses were built entirely out of wood and assembled without nails. This allowed them to be disassembled (along with the blocks) and moved from place to place. In some cases, the entire small house was moved by donkey or mule cart.
Sugar Cane With the industrial cultivation of sugarcane, the demand for laborers was not locationally constant. Therefore, a permanent structure for housing was incompatible with the need to move workers around the plantation or from on plantation to another, and a movable hut style was required..
Remnants of these chattel houses are commonly seen today, and are popular dwellings for lower class citizens of the Carribean. No longer being portable, many of the homes have been added on to, and modified to meet the needs of the owner.
Regional Tempreture
Bermuda
72.2
Anual Average Tempreture ( in F째 ) New Orleans 70.3
United States
Maiami 77.5
Bahamas 78.2
76.2 Cuba
78.7
Bermuda
83.2 Jamaica
Haiti
80.8 Dominican Republic
80.6 US Virgin islands Puerto Rico 78.8 80.9 St.Kitts and Nevis Antiqua and Barbuda80.6
Guadeloup 79.9 Dominica81.0 Martinique
St.Lucia 81.7
Monthly Tempreture ( in F째 )
째 F
St.Vincent and Grenadines 82.3
Aruba
90.0 85.0
80.5
Grenada81.6
84.4
81.8
Max 86.7
Jan Feb
Trinidad and Tobago 81.8
Mar
80.0
Apr
75.0
May
70.0
Jun
65.0
Jul
60.0 55.0
Barbados 81.4
Aug Min 54.5
Sep
50.0 New orleans Maiami
Bahamas
Cuba
Cayman Island
Jamaica
Haiti
Dominican Puerto Republic Rico
US Virgin St.Kitts islands and Nevis
Antiqua St. Vincent and and GuadeloupeDominica Martinique St.Lucia Grenada Barbuds Grenadines
Trinidad and Barbados Tobago
Oct Aruba
Bermuda
Electricity Consumption and Production by country United States
That is a really thin solar panel
Haiti
5,705 11,382,820 501 16,469
1,097 2,758,124 398 7,473
109 8,308,504 13 570
4,168 9,183,984 454 14,150
1,688 1,065,842 1,584 7,045
2,128,446 80,550 839,262 49,019 22,926 816,195 317686 16,581 15 550 26,676 0 2,196
0 15,920 0 455 0 0 94 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 7,201 0 106 0 0 166 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 299 0 0 0 0 271 0 0 0 0 0 0
1,901 9,519 1,293 29 0 0 1408 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 15 7,003 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
mechanical ventilation
night ventilation
Jamaica
1,351,520 298,444,215 4,529 4,300,100
artificial ventilation
evaportive cooling
free cooling
heavy construction lightweight construction
free heating
solar heating incidental heating insullation/permeability solar control/shading
60% of building-related co2 emissions are due to residential building
artificial lighting daytime
daylight
2
tropical
important
3
SOLAR
5
passive solar technologies take advantage of sunlight for useful energy without use of active mechanical systems. these technologies convert this energy into usable heat, water, air, thermal mass, and cause air movement for ventilation.
4
aerogel
4
consist of a sandwich of two layers of structural board with an insulating layer of foam in-between.
1
roll print solar cells are 1/100TH as thick as standare solar cells. It is the most cost effective, and can be rolled onto any surface. The panel, is constructed of light-weight solar-electric cell foil which can be cut to any size.
ceramic insulation
3
low-density solid-state material derived from gel in which the liquid component of the gel has been replaced with gas. are good thermal insulators because they almost nullify the three methods of heat transfer (convection, conduction and radiation).
sip panels nanosolar
passive
5
2
hollow microscopic thermal balls filled with air. it has the appearance of an off white powder becasue the balls are so tiny. - Thermal coating - Sound absorption - UV coating - Antiseptic and anti-mold - Anti-rust, corrosion - Fire Retardant
kennedy&violich
5
ENERGY HARVESTING TEXTILES THE DISTRIBUT RENEWABLE ELECTIRCAL POWER. GENERATE UP TO 16,000 WATT HOURS OF ELECTRICITY. TRANSLUCENT MOVABLE CURTAINS CREATE SHADE AND FORM AN INSULATING AIR LAYER FOR THE BUILDING ENVELOPE.
PASSIVE
active comfort measures
natural ventilation
not important
It only cost 99 cents per watt
Cuba
Trinidad and Tobago
ACTIVE
passive comfort measures
Residential [Gwh] Population Residential/p [kwh] Total Production [Gwh] Production from: - coal - oil - gas - biomass - waste - nuclear - hydro* - geothermal - solar PV - solar thermal - wind - tide - other sources
2006
Dominican Republic
active SOLAR
Regional Energy Production
1
Regional Rainfall
Rainfall means 1 square m
Domestis use water consumption each nation Population 283,230,000
United States of America
98,872,000
47000
12,416
30,757,000
157000
41,475
56,909,000
15000
3,963
170,406,000
93000
24,568
Argentina
37,032,000
67000
17,700
Chile
Brazil
1L
53,627
Mexico
15,211,000
66000
17,435
Other_South_America
97,261,000
49000
12,944
Three area’s Average
145,800,000
89000
23,511
=
=
1ft
1m 1m
1ft
1L/squ m =1/3.785 411 784gal/squ m
20ft
8ft
0.3048・0.3048L/squ ft =0.2642・0.3048・0.3048gal/squ ft
1L/squ m
160・0.3048・0.3048L/20 container =160・0.2642・0.3048・0.3048gal/20 container
3.92719.....gal/20’container
=
Anual Rainfall Average of these area 3,057.9L/year/squ m
12,009.0 gal/year/20’container
≒
Anual Average of Domestis use water consumption in these area
Domestic use water consumption Shower
20’ Container 0.3048・0.3048L
gal/p/yr
L/p/yr 203000
Canada Other_North_Central_America
1 square ft
(2000)
Toilet
Dishwasher
Clotheswasher
0.5 person/year/20’container
≒
23,511.3gal/p/year
1 person can live for two 20’× 8’ container !!
Toilet Shower
15.9gal per 5mini (60L)
4.0gal (15L)
5.3gal (20L)
Facewasher
Dishwasher 4.0gal
Clotheswasher
5.3ga (20L)
5.3gal
Anual Rainfall gal and alival number for one 20’ × 8’ container’s Roof
(person) 0.2 (million gal) 10.8
0.2 9.5
New orleans
Maiami
2.5 9.7 Bahamas
2.5 9.8 Cuba
2.8 10.9 Cayman Island
4.1 16.3 Jamaica
2.4 9.6 Haiti
2.7 10.8 Dominican Republic
1gal
15.9gal
3.3 13.0 Puerto Rico
US
2.3 9.2 US Virgin islands
1.9 7.7
1.9 7.6
St.Kitts and Nevis
Antiqua and Barbuds
6.1 24.1
3.6 14.4
Guadeloupe Dominica
3.7 14.5 Martinique
5.3gal
4.3 17.1 St.Lucia
North & Central America
4.5 17.9
3.0 11.8
St. Vincent and Grenada Grenadines
0.7 9.2
1.0 13.4
0.5 6.6
2.6 10.3
Barbados
Trinidad and Tobago
Aruba
Bermuda
South America
Monthly Rainfall ( in gal/squ ft ) 1200
Jan
Max 1137gal/squ ft
Feb
1000
Mar Apr
800
May
600
Jun Jul
400
Aug
200 0
Sep
Min 145gal/squ ft
(gal/squ ft)
New orleans
Oct Maiami
Bahamas
Cuba
Cayman Island
Jamaica
Haiti
Dominican Republic
Puerto Rico
US Virgin islands
St.Kitts and Nevis
Antiqua and Barbuds
Guadeloupe Dominica
Martinique
St.Lucia
St. Vincent and Grenada Grenadines
Barbados
Trinidad and Tobago
Aruba
Bermuda
3
agriculture - 82% low income industrial - 22% low income domestic - 8% low income THE AVERAGE 50 GALLON WATER HEATER USES 11 BARRELS OF OIL A YEAR
THIS HIPPO IS REALLY EASY TO PUSH
4
THIS BUCKET REALLY HURTS MY HEAD
passive
WATER
2
passive water technologies are notably in developing countries, are exerting tremendous and increasing pressure on the use of graound water resources. untreated human waste remainsthe biggest pollution threat to water resources. 1
A Product that enables anyone, in a most simple fashion, an independent, cheap and mobile solar potable water generation from sea water or brackish water on the base of condensation by solar still. The WATERCONE(r) is a long lasting UV resistant Poly Carbonate product and can be used up to 5 years daily. The WATERCONE(r) system can be referred to as a one step water condensation process with a 40% effectiveness degree
hippo
2
A Hippo Water Roller is a tool designed to transport water more easily and efficiently. Used mostly in developing countries, it carries 24-gallons (90-litres) of water - 5 times the amount possible using traditional methods. A full Hippo contains 200lbs (90 kg) of water, but because the weight is bourne on the ground, it only feels like 22lbs (10kg
cisterns
3
cisterns are built to catch and store rainwater. Rainwater harvesting is the gathering, or accumulating and storing, of rainwater. Rain water harvesting is essential when: Surface water is inadequate to meet our demand and we have to depend on ground water. -Due to rapid urbanization, infiltration of rain water into the sub-soil has decreased drasticallyand recharging of ground water has diminished.
solar water heating
4
a solar heating system can provide up to 85% of domestic hot water energy. The typical 50 gallon electric water heater uses 11.1 barrels of oil a year, which translates into the same amount oil used by a typical 4 door sedan driven by the average consumer.
fog harvesting
5
innovative technology is based on the fact that water can be collected from fogs. Full-scale fog collectors are simple, flat, rectangular nets of nylon supported by a post at either end and arranged perpendicular to the direction of the prevailing wind. extracts about 30% of the water from the fog passing through the nets. the droplets join to form larger drops that fall under the influence of gravity into a trough or gutter at the bottom of the panel, from which it is conveyed to a storage tank or cistern
PASSIVE
ACTIVE
1
water cone
active WATER
water conservation priorities, water use by sector
jamaica-kingston
228 km
land area = 10,800 sq km or 1 million soccer fields
3km
2km
1km
4km
0
demographics
country city
11,423,900 5,600,000
government: ethnicity: language: relegion:
2,804,300 96,000
basseterre
2000000
st kitts & nevis
4000000
kingston
6000000
jamaica
8000000
havana
population
10000000
cuba
12000000
39,800 15,500
constitutional parliamentary democracy 91% black, 6.2% mixed english 62.5 protestant, 14.2 unspecified
hazards: hurricanes, deforestation, pollution GDP: (purchasing power parity): $21.57 billion GDP per capita: (purchasing power parity): $7,700 (Haiti: $1,300)
other (developed, rural)
industry labor service labor
10,800 sq km total
arable land
1.26 m total workers 10.1% unemployment
land use
permanent crops
agriculture labor
labor
export commodities
terrain: mostly mountains, narrow-discontinuous coastal plain climate; tropical: hot, humid
container B
A
end frames
B
longitudinal rails
C
side panels
D
roof panel
E
bottom structure
F
doors
C
D A
A
B F E
C
End frames are provided at both the front and the rear of the container. These are welded assemblies of steel members which include the corner castings of standardized handling sockets (C). Heavy loads required for staking the containers require a thicker material in the end frames. 1/4-inch material formed into a box section is most commonly used.
Side rails running longitudinally along the top and bottom of the container join the two end frames together and are used to mount the side panels. The rails-to-frame joint is usually bolted.
Side panels are attached to the end frames and side rails, and are usually a corrugated sheet metal. Steel is most common but aluminum and corten steel can also be used for this construction. A typical side panel is made from a 18-gauge (.049in.) sheet stock with corrugations of about 1.5 inches depth.
The roof is generally the same material and construction as the side panels, however one-piece sheet material is preferred in order to maximize resistance to water. Adhesives are sometimes also used to minimize water infiltration.
The understructure and flooring transfer loads induced by deadweight and inertial reactions of the contents to the side rails. The cross members are formed channels or extruded shapes of steel or aluminum. The deck is usually a softwood floor board, shiplap jointed. Plywood is also used for flooring.
Doors are usually heavy plywood clad with metal faces, referred to as plymetal. Doors are usually generously proportioned for the further reason that when firmly engaged to the end frame, they significantly contribute to the container’s resistance to racking forces. Locking bars, sometimes one or two per door, are used for security and added strength.
handling provisions
Standardized fittings (C) located on the corners of the container, are used for stacking and moving the containers. The fittings have elongated sockets on the top of the containers to which are engaged connecting fittings of a crane or mobile handling unit. Similar sockets are on the underside of the containers to provide restraint when containers are on deck or on a land vehicle.
An empty 40’ GP container can withstand a 140 mph. wind before overturning, whereas a 20’ GP container can sustain winds up to 150 mph.
top 40’-0”
8’-6”
8’-0”
side
rear
40 GC
front
horizontal section
longitudinal section
external diminsions: internal diminsions: floor area: weight: internal volume:
40-0 x 8-0 x 8-6 (L x W x H) 39.6 x 7-8 x 7-10 (L x W x H) 304 ft² 8,300 lbs 2,378 ft³
external diminsions: internal diminsions: floor area: weight: internal volume:
20-0 x 8-0 x 8-6 (L x W x H) 19.4 x 7-8 x 7-10 (L x W x H) 149 ft² 6,460 lbs 1165 ft³
section
top 20’-0”
8’-6”
8’-0”
side
rear
20 GC
front
plan
longitudinal section
section
ornamentation
Cutout trim or fretwork can be seen on a majority of Caribbean houses. No two houses are the same and each detail is the personal expression of its pridefull owner.
Fret saw Traditional fretwork ornamentation designs were first hand-carved in wood. In 1865 the invention of the mechanical fret saw lead to even more decorative designs that could be mass-produced. American industries began producing the fretwork designs which could be bought by the yard. The detail became easier and more affordadble for the average Caribbean to puchase for their homes.
dominican rep.-santo domingo
380 km land area = 48,400 sq km or 4.8 million soccer fields
0
country city
Beulah. (Category 4) 1967
San Zenon. (Category 3) 1930
demographics
Inez. (Category 4-3) 1966
11,423,900 5,600,000
government: ethnicity: language: relegion:
9,507,000 2,253,000
basseterre
2000000
David. (Category 5-4)1979
Edith. (Category 2) 1963
4000000
st kitts & nevis
Emily. (Category 4-2) 1987
6000000
santo domingo
Gilbert. (Category 3) 1988
8000000
dominican republic
Hortense. (Category 3-1) 1996
population
Georges. (Category 3) 1998.
havana
10000000
hurricanes
cuba
12000000
39,800 15,500
democratic republic 73% mix, 16% white, 11% black spanish 95% roman catholic
hazards: water shortage, erosion, coral reef, deforestation GDP: (purchasing power parity): $83.3 billion GDP per capita: (purchasing power parity): $8,800 (Haiti: $1300)
other (developed, rural)
industry labor service labor
48,400 sq km total
arable land
4.1 million total workers 15.4% unemployment
land use
permanent crops
agriculture labor
labor
export commodities
urban populations total: 4,061,000 maritime ports: 5
Regional Sun/Daylight
How can we get the Energy og Daily Life?
Anual amount of Electrici Energy of Daily Life
Water 290-710kWh
Keeping foods in the Refrigerator 86F째: 180 days 54F째: 186 days
160-447kWh
Toilet Shower
Turning on the Airconditioner for 3.6 months
Clotheswasher
Facewasher
Dishwasher 4.0gal
5.3gal 15.9gal
1gal 5.3gal
Technology and Design 114-296kWh
Sun Light
Wind Energy
Turning on the Light for 5.5 hours everyday
Solar Energy
31-311kWh
Wind
Watching TV for 3.5 hours everyday
Monthly Sunlight and Daylight ( in Hour ) 16 14 12 10
Jan
Daylight Max 14H
Feb Mar
Sunlight Daylight Max Max 10H 10H
Apr May
8 6 4
Jun Jul
Sunlight Min 4H
Aug Sep
2 0
SunlightDaylight
(mi/h)
New orleans Maiami
Bahamas
Cuba
Cayman Island
Jamaica
Haiti
Dominican Puerto Republic Rico
US Virgin St.Kitts islands and Nevis
Antiqua St. Vincent and and GuadeloupeDominica Martinique St.Lucia Grenada Barbuds Grenadines
Trinidad and Barbados Tobago
Oct Aruba
Bermuda
puerto rico-san juan
175 km land area = 8,900 sq km or 890,000 soccer fields
demographics
St. Jeanne 2004
11,423,900 5,600,000
government: ethnicity: language: relegion:
3,958,100 433,700
basseterre
0
country city
Georges 1998
st kitts & nevis
2000000
Hugo 1989 category 5
TS. Olga 2007
4000000
san juan
San Cyprian 1932
6000000
puerto rico
San Felipe 1928 category 5
8000000
havana
hurricanes
population
10000000
cuba
12000000
39,800 15,500
common wealth U.S. 80.5% white (spanish origin), 8% black spanish, english 85% roman catholic, 15% protestant & other
hazards: erosion, droughts, hurricanes GDP: (purchasing power parity): $75 billion GDP per capita: (purchasing power parity): $18,700 (Haiti: $1,300)
other (developed, rural)
industry labor service labor
8,900 sq km total
arable land
1.3 million total workers 12%unemployment
land use
permanent crops
agriculture labor
labor
export commodities
urban housing: 182,100 units urban density: 3,517 per sq km
caribbean color
cuba-havana
1,100 km
land area = 110,800 sq km or 11.1 million soccer fields
3km
2km
1km
4km
cuba
12000000
The hurricane destroyed nerouns food sources making it very difficult to feed the 86,000 plus population that was hit.
0
country city
9,507,000 2,253,000
government: ethnicity: language: relegion:
11,423,900 5,600,000
basseterre
2000000
st kitts & nevis
4000000
havana
6000000
dominican republic
8000000
santo domingo
August 2008, Hurricane Gustav made landfall on western Cuba with winds of 150 mph destroying 100,000 homes.
demographics
hurricanes
population
10000000
39,800 15,500
communist state 65.1% mulatto, 24.8% mestizo, 10.1% black spanish 85% roman catholic
hazards: hurricanes, deforestation, pollution, biodiversity loss GDP: (purchasing power parity): $144.6 billion GDP per capita: (purchasing power parity): $12,700 (Haiti: $1,300)
other (developed, rural)
industry labor service labor
110,800 sq km total
arable land
4.96 m total workers 1.8% unemployment
land use
permanent crops
agriculture labor
labor
export commodities
internet users: 1.31 million cell phones: 198,300
aperture placement
AirX produces enough energy for both our houses!!
_
+
_
_
_
+
_ _
_
+
1
guide for landscape design based on built form
2 wind direction
wind east
wind north east
wind north east
wind north
wind east
reduced velocity area
plan
plan
plan
3
plan
plan
3 increased velocity area
Jan
25.0
Feb 20.0
Mar
Max 19.5 mi/h
Apr
15.0 10.0 5.0
Air-X Land 12V Wind Turbine Start up speed 8 mi/h
Jul Aug Sep Oct
passive
WIND
(mi/h)
there are two ways in which ventilation can improve comfort. one is a direct physiological effect; by letting in more wind through apertures or the useof wing walls. the other method is through nocturnal cooling, which cools the interior at night and transfers the cool air into the daytime.
airX
Jun
Min 3.2mi/h
0.0
passive wind technologies allow for natural ventilation to increase comfort, for health or for building cooling. natural means of ventilation utilise the motive force of air pressure differentials from external wind effects on the building.
May
Air-X Land 12V Wind Turbine 38kwh/month @12 mi/h
New orleans
Maiami
Bahamas
Cuba
Cayman Island
Jamaica
Haiti
Dominican Republic
Puerto Rico
US Virgin islands
St.Kitts and Nevis
Antiqua and Barbuds
Guadeloupe Dominica
Martinique
St.Lucia
St. Vincent and Grenada Grenadines
Barbados
Trinidad and Tobago
1
turbine can charge “any size battery bank from 25 to 25,000 amp hours or higher”. The internal charge controller periodically stops charging, reads the battery voltage, and decides on the spot whether to continue charging or stop completely. The result is longer battery life and no overcharging. the turbine is maintenancefree, and only has two moving parts.
green edges
2
planted areas can be as much as 10-15 F cooler than built-up areas due to a combination evapotranspiration, reflection, shading, and storage of cold. plants cool by both shading and evaporative cooling.
nano vent skin
3
sheathes structures with solar weave studded with micro-turbines. The concept takes advantage of a structure’s maximum available surface space. First, it soaks up sunlight via a photovoltaic layer, and transfers energy via nanowires to storage units at the end of each panel. Second, its tiny turbines employ “polarized organisms” to create chemical reactions, generating power each time the turbine makes contact with the structure. Third, the organisms present in the inner skin of each turbine soak up C02.
Aruba
PASSIVE
_
+ +
_
ACTIVE
_
_
+
+
_
+
poor
+ +
_
active WIND
+
poor
good
best
case houses
Unlike low-income housing in many developing regions, in the Caribbean there is an architectural form which shows remarkable consistancy. The Caribbean popular house or case, can be seen throughout the Islands. The majority of houses in the Caribbean are built by process of individual and extended community self-help. In St. Lucia, for example, this is referred to as coup-de-main, whereby friends, relatives and neighbors are asked to assist in the process of house construction, normally at weekends. In some cases where the resident might not own his land, a house might be built with light weight wood construction with no nails, so the houses can be easily disasembled, “flat-packed�, and moved to another location. Other types of modular construction can be seen in the design of these houses.
active LIGHT
1
2
summer sun
winter sun
exterior light shelf view window
1
passive
LIGHT
2
passive light technologies objective in ecological design is to maximize the use of daylighting and to decrease the need for energy-consuming artificial lighting. most techniques wor to control incoming daylight in order to minimise its potentially negative effect on visual comfort, glare, and reduce the building;s cooling load by reducing heat gain.
led
1
have a 50,000+ hour lifespan, in this same amount of time you will buy over 50 regular incandescent bulbs or 5 compact florescent bulbs! most powerful replacement bulb (XR-10) uses only 10 watts of electricity, yet it performs on par with a 100 watt incandescent bulb. One - 100 Watt bulb costs approximately $43 dollars to run per year at 12 hours per day. One - 10 Watt EarthLED XR-10 costs approximately$4.30 to run per year at 12 hours per day.
kennedy&violich
2
KVA Matx developed a Portable Light for developing countries, it can provide 10 hours of light with 3 hours exposure. Textile with embedded plastic photo-voltaics. KVA Matx developed energy harvesting textiles to provide light and electrical power for portable media and appliances in the home by using household textiles. the textiles used in the house, ranging from moveable textile curtains, translucent screens and luminous room enclosures are integrated with plastic photo-voltaics can generate up to 16,000 watt-hours of electricity, a little more than half of the average power needs of an average household.
PASSIVE
ACTIVE
ITS MADE FORM TEXTILES AND PHOTO-VOLTAICS
10 20 25 25 35 70 75 70 80 85
2
reflectance (%)
daylight reflectance of colors
color
KVARCH MADE A PROTOTYPE READING LIGHTS FOR CHILDREN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
united states-new orleans
236 km land area = 907 sq km or 90,700 soccer fields
2000000
$200 billion estimated damages 0
country city
1,2000 estimated deaths
11,423,900 5,600,000
303,824,640 96,500
basseterre
cuba
4000000
st kitts & nevis
80 percent of city flooded
6000000
new orleans
August 2005 - Katrina
8000000
havana
hurricanes
population
10000000
united states
12000000
39,800 15,500
302,000 housing units destroyed on Gulf Coast 142,000 housing units destroyed New Orleans 112,000 housing units destroyed were low income or affordable
demographics
Noteable Economic Losses government: ethnicity: language: relegion:
constitution based federal republic 67% black, 28% white, 2.3% asian english 51% protestant, 23% roman catholic
hazards: hurricanes, polluction, GDP: (purchasing power parity): $14.6 trillion GDP per capita: (purchasing power parity): $38,800 (Haiti: $1,300)
other (developed, rural)
industry labor service labor
data based on us sq km total
arable land
7.2% unemployment in new orleans 2006
land use
permanent crops
agriculture labor
labor
export commodities
avg household: 2.48 new orleans, density 2,684 people per sq mile avg family size: 3.23 new orleans
47 km
dominica-roseau
land area = 754 sq km or 75,400 soccer fields
3km
2km
1km
4km
0
country city
demographics
56,000 left homeless
11,423,900 5,600,000
government: ethnicity: language: relegion:
72,500 15,900
basseterre
2000000
5,000 injured
st kitts & nevis
37 killed
4000000
roseau
August, 1979
6000000
dominica
david
8000000
havana
hurrincane
population
10000000
cuba
12000000
39,800 15,500
parliamentary democracy 87% black, 8.9% mixed, 2.9% carib english, french patois 61.5% roman catholic, christian 7.7%
hazards: floods, hurricanes GDP: (purchasing power parity): $688.7 million GDP per capita: (purchasing power parity): $9,500 (Haiti: $1,300)
other (developed, rural)
industry labor service labor
754 sq km total
arable land
25,000 total workers 23% unemployment
land use
permanent crops
agriculture labor
labor
export commodities
terrain: rugged mountains of volcanic origin climate; tropical: northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall
History & Culture Native Dominicans: Caribs The original, non-European inhabitants of Dominica were a tribe named the Kalinago, part of the larger Carib nation which inhabited much of the Caribbean on the eve of Columbus’ voyage. Described by Columbus as a “warlike people�, they often engaged in acts of war with other tribes in an attempt to take future brides. They were skilled shipbuilders and fishermen whose diet was supplemented by hunting and gathering. Carib religion centered mainly on ancestor worship and the preservation of ancestral remains, leading many to believe the Kalinago tribe engaged in acts of cannibalism, although this is still disputed between anthropologists to this day. Prior to 1492 A.D., they numbered in the millions but in the three decades following Spanish colonization the Carib nation had been reduced to a few thousand. The mountainous terrain of Dominica and her impenetrable jungles offered refuge to those hoping to escape Spanish rule and led for the island to be uncolonized for over a century following European settlement. Today, Dominica is home to the only Carib reservation with a small 3,000 member populaton located on the northeast of the island. [Source]: The Washington Post, Lennox Honychurch.
Demographics Today Although the official Language is English, the “street language� is Creole. The island is very Catholic, as evidenced by having counties divided into Catholic Parishes, which number ten. Dominica is almost entirely black, although small Carib, Asian and white populations exist as the island being a crossroads of culture and history. There are only two major cities, which are the capitol: Roseau and Portsmouth located in the north. Until recently, there was no road connecting the two and the only way to reach each city was by boat. Two major airports also service the 72,500 population which proudly calls themselves Dominicans. [Source]: U.S. Department of State
Landscape Dominica is known as the “Nature Isle of the Caribbean,” with more than two-thirds of island covered in tropical rain forest. This exotic destination is home to approximately 1200 different plant species as well as the first UNESCO World Heritage Site in the eastern Caribbean. In addition, Dominica hosts regular geothermal activity from its active volcano. Economy Over 40% of the population works in some form of agriculture, with an overwhelming majority centered in banana production. Bananas are by far the predominant agricultural product of the isle, which brings in over a million dollars a week in export profits. The need to diversify this agricultural economy has been evidenced by 1979’s Hurricane David destroying over damaging over 70% of the island’s banana crop which brought the economy to a standstill. Market forces brought about by the European Union’s regulation of agricultural products have also recently caused banana prices to drop, further weakening the banana-dependant economy. Thus, there is a need to diversify bananas due to fluctuating markets and hurricanes. Solutions to this can be found in the world’s 1,200 varieties of bananas, some of which may be more hurricane-resistant than others. Other agricultural products need to be introduced to Dominican cultivation. Tourism development has been slow due to a lack of desirable beaches, yet the expanding eco-tourism industry has set the stage to reap huge benefits for Dominica. [Source]: Lennox Honychurch
Morne Trois Pitons National Park “Luxuriant natural tropical forest blends with scenic volcanic features of great scientific interest in this national park centered on the 1,342m-high volcano known as Morne Trois Pitons. With its precipitous slopes and deeply incised valleys, 50 fumaroles, hot springs, three freshwater lakes, a ‘boiling lake’ and five volcanoes, located on the park’s nearly 7,000 ha, together with the richest biodiversity in the Lesser Antilles, Morne Trois Pitons National Park presents a rare combination of natural features of World Heritage value.” - UNESCO.org
Among the Morne Trois Piton National Park’s most notable attractions are Boiling Lake, Middleham Falls, Trafalgar Falls, Valley of Desolation, Emerald Pool Nature Trail, Boeri Lake, Morne Nichols, Freshwater Lake, Breakfast River, and the Rain Forest Aerial Tram. These attractions contribute to Dominica’s tourist industry and demonstrate the diverse characteristics of the island’s landscape.
Fruits Peculiar to the West Indies - Oranges - Lemons - Limes - Citrons - Shaddocks - Water Lemons - Granadillas - Sappadillas - Pomegranates - Alligator Pears - Mountain Pears - Pineapples - Rose Apples - Star Apples - Sugar Apples - Custard Apples - Mamma Apples - Guavas - Sea-side Grapes - Cocoa Nuts - Conk Nuts - Soursops - Papaws - Cashew Apples - Tamerinds
Non-native Fruits of Dominica - English and American apples - Strawberries - Raspberries - Muscadine Grapes - Figs - Musk Melons - Watermelons - Cucumbers - Gourds - Pompions - English and American Beans - English and American Peas - Cabbages - Carrots - Turnips - Parsnips - Lettuces - Radishes - Horse-radish - Asparagus - Artichokes - Spinage - Celery - Onions - Eschallots - Thyme - Sage - Mint - Rue - Balm - Parsley