ENTERPRISING
AFRICA
2019 edition
selfhelpafrica.org
where we work
Countries where Self Help Africa and subsidiaries are operating
TruTrade
Africa
Self Help Africa
2
Supporting rural poor communities to produce food, commodities and surpluses on their small farms. www.selfhelpafrica.org
TruTrade Negotiating fair prices for farmers and helping rural poor households to earn a better price - often by cutting out the middleman. www.trutrade.net
Traidlinks Securing regional trade opportunities where African farmers and businesses can sell the produce that they are producing and processing. www.traidlinks.org
Partner Africa Supporting producers and processors and companies so that they are ‘business ready’ to access global markets, and assisting global brands to access African markets. www.partnerafrica.org
Contents 04. Our Vision for an Enterprising Africa group subsidiaries 08.
Partner Africa
10. TruTrade 12. Traidlinks enterprise challenge fund 14.
Agri-Fi Project - Kenya
current Projects 18.
Golden Bees - Uganda
Devenish Nutrition - Uganda 19.
Healy Chia - Uganda
Moyee Coffee - Ethiopia
Tropical Lush - Kenya
20.
Meki Batu - Ethiopia
Cassava - Kenya
Past Projects 22.
Barley - Ethiopia
23.
Cashew - Benin
Groundnut - Zambia Mango - Malawi
Milk - Kenya Seed - Ethiopia 3
Today, farming is the primary source of food and income for Africans, and provides up to 60 percent of all jobs on the continent.
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OUR VISION for AN ENTERPRISING AFRICA:
S
elf Help Africa’s focus has always been on supporting rural households to grow more and earn more from their small farms. To earn more, there needs to be a place where farmers can sell their surplus. For that reason, we recognise the importance of the marketplace, and on creating opportunities where households can earn more for the crops they produce. A vibrant, sustainable and resilient agriculture sector is vital for sub-Saharan Africa’s economic future. Today, farming is the primary source of food and income for Africans, and provides up to 60 percent of all jobs on the continent. Food production in sub-Saharan Africa needs to increase by 60 percent over the next 15 years to feed a growing population.
Africa’s food and beverage markets are expected to top $1 trillion in value within a decade. The continent is bursting with potential: at 200 million hectares, sub-Saharan Africa is home to nearly half of the world’s uncultivated land that can be brought into production. Together with abundant resources, including a resourceful, enterprising youth population, strategic investments in agriculture can unleash virtuous growth cycles. As private business turns its attention increasingly to the challenge of unlocking Africa’s potential, Self Help Africa is engaged in finding ways that rural poor households can benefit. By supporting farming communities to work together, and by ensuring that Af-
rica’s producers are able to deliver both the quality, and the quantity required by buyers, hundreds of thousands of Africa’s smallholder farmers are beginning to see the benefits of valuable new markets at home and abroad. A convergence of the not-for profit and the for-profit worlds can play a vital role in creating links between those who currently have limited access to the marketplace, and those who are leaders in it. This publication provides some recent examples, past and present, of how private business, enterprise, and smallholder farming communities can work together, and some of the measures being taken to help to bring profits to smallscale producers in sub-Saharan Africa.
OUr Approach to the value chain: Financing of the Value Chain Retail Processing Buyer • Setting up kiosks to enable direct sales
Open market Smallholder aggregation
• Linking farmers with buyers
Smallholder • Developing cooperatives
• • • • •
Farmer training Animal health services Agricultural inputs Technical assistance Assistance to attain certification
• Improving market links • Training to improve marketing skills • Improving access to market information
• Training farmers to process agricultural products into higher-value processed goods • Establishing links with processing companies • Setting up packaging and processing centres
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Self Help Africa eritrea
ethiopia
Benin Togo burkina
kenya
Uganda
Growing and earning more on the land For more than 35 years, Self Help Africa has been supporting rural poor households to grow and earn more from their small farms. Self Help Africa enables farming families to increase and diversify production, to grow better food, and to grow crops that farmers can sell to generate an income. The organisation also helps households to add value to the food that they grow, source new and profitable markets for their produce, and regard their small-scale farms as small businesses - enterprises that can grow and flourish.
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malawi
zambia
Knowledge is at the heart of this work, and this is provided in a wide variety of ways - by providing direct farmer training, through the creation of farmer field schools and the development of ‘lead farmer’ networks. Information is also disseminated to farmers using mobile phones and other technologies, and knowledge on better farming practices, on market-orientated farm production, and on a host of other approaches that make African farms both more productive, and more profitable.
group subsidiaries the business of agriculture Supporting households to produce more and earn more on their small farms is only a part of the jigsaw of rural economic development, in Africa.
In 2019, Self Help Africa has three distinct social enterprises within our group that are working in different ways across the agricultural value chain to improve market access and the business of farming.
As agriculture specialists, we recognise that we can play an important role in other ways in increasing the productivity and profitability of small farms, to the economic benefit of the African continent more broadly.
Over the following pages you can read about the work that our subsidiaries Partner Africa, TruTrade and Traidlinks are playing in this area.
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partner africa ethical solutions in global trade
P
artner Africa works in more
personnel to HR directors from 17 coun-
sible business solutions, Partner Africa’s
than 40 countries in Africa and
tries, and training and consulting was
income was more than €1.3m in 2018.
the Middle East, providing eth-
delivered to SMEs in southern Africa in-
ical auditing and business consulting
volved in the mining industry.
The Company has offices in Cape Town, South Africa, in Cairo, and in Nairobi,
services to a range of sectors. Partner Africa works with a broad range
Kenya, where it now shares offices with
Partner Africa supports clients to un-
of recognised global brands, ethical trad-
Self Help Africa and the organisation’s
derstand and manage complex supply
ing bodies and industry associations.
other social enterprise subsidiaries,
chains, and navigate global trade in a responsible manner.
TruTrade and Traidlinks. The company has provided audits and consultancy services to businesses
Partner Africa delivers its services
Each year, the organisation undertakes
ranging from Coca Cola, Heineken, and
through a network of over 100 trained
hundreds of audits on behalf of clients,
Unilever, to Walmart, Nestle and Tesco.
auditors and key consultants operating
and has been involved in working with
A pioneer in the field of ethical, respon-
across Africa.
a broad range of businesses and sectors, including textiles, tea, coffee, fruit, cut flowers, beverages and other areas of manufacturing. Partner Africa offers a streamlined consulting offering that focuses on five service lines: Research, Investigation and Impact Assessment; Project Management; Training; Risk Management and Trade Development. The company also carried out various training programmes, including ethical trade awareness training workshops to businesses in Africa, and also to retailers/buyers in the West. In recent times, anti-harassment training was also delivered by Partner Africa
“
A pioneer in the field of ethical, responsible business solutions, Partner Africa’s income was more than €1.3m in 2018. 9
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TRUTRADE
UNLOCKING THE VALUE CHAIN FOR FARMERS
S
Africa
elf Help Africa’s social enter-
There is no connection between produc-
The TruTrade way brings many benefits
ers and final buyers, and farmers are of-
for farmers. Using a digital payments
front of the agricultural tech-
ten at the mercy of, and forced to sell to,
system removes the risk associated
middlemen for reduced prices.
with cash, and makes trading safer.
prise TruTrade is at the fore-
nology revolution that’s changing
business – and lives – in rural Africa.
It also provides an alternative to the preDoing business in rural Africa is espe-
vious ‘buy-low, sell-high’ trading prac-
TruTrade sources markets, agrees pric-
cially challenging for women. The tradi-
tice that’s so common across agricultural
es, and pays rural small-scale farmers in
tional cash-based system of buying and
value chains in rural Africa.
Africa using mobile money. The organi-
selling produce has left women either
sation secures improved prices for rural
vulnerable to attack after selling their
The thousands of farmers using the
poor farmers for their crops by reducing
produce, or excluded from the process
TruTrade platform are paid directly to
profit-taking by middlemen.
altogether, with men stepping in to han-
their mobile phone, after delivering their
dle cash transactions.
produce to an agreed collection point and having it checked for quality by a
Traditionally, farmers in Kenya and Uganda
“
TruTrade
(TruTrade’s countries of operation), as well
TruTrade’s digital platform is unlocking op-
TruTrade agent. This digital payment
as many other parts of Africa, have worked
portunities, increasing incomes and fun-
provides farmers with a trading record,
in unorganised markets.
damentally changing the way smallholder
and transparency – this in turn opens up
farmers do business in rural Africa.
access to financial services. TruTrade is also increasing farmer in-
By 2020, TruTrade aims to provide a
comes – by 20% on average. A prof-
market linkage service to 30,000 farmers.
tional profit equally between farmers
it-sharing model also distributes addiand TruTrade. The platform identifies what farmers sold and were paid, and also communicates with farmers in bulk via SMS. TruTrade has won a number of global awards for innovation, including the prestigious 2019 Award For Global Prosperity, which celebrates innovators whose work has the greatest potential to have positive impact on society. The award came with a cash prize of $100,000 and mentoring support for the further development of the business. By 2020, TruTrade aims to provide a market linkage service to 30,000 farmers, for approximately 10,000MT of produce, worth about $6 million annually.
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TRaidlinks improving access to markets
I
mproving access for East African
Traidlinks, which was initially estab-
who operate over Burundi’s borders with
manufacturers and producers to
lished in Ireland in 2004 to develop the
Rwanda, DRC and Tanzania.
neighbouring markets has been
export capacity and international trade
the primary focus of social enterprise
development opportunities for small
The two year scheme, which is backed
subsidiary Traidlinks.
and medium sized African enterprises,
by
became a part of the Self Help Africa
mark East Africa’ agency, will organ-
Traidlinks currently provides business
organisation in 2017.
ise women traders into cooperatives,
consultancy services to companies in Rwanda, Burundi and in the eastern region of Democratic Republic of Congo, allowing firms to explore and exploit opportunities to trade between these countries, and in the neighbouring Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda markets.
Traidlinks provides consultancy services to improve business competitiveness, reduce barriers to trade, and promote the concept of business clusters in the eastern DRC region. The organisation also promotes measures that support innovation through the use of technology.
the
provide
UK
training
Government’s
to
border
‘Trade-
officials,
and recruit trade information officers. The objective is to tackle corruption as well as reduce incidents of harassment and discrimination affecting women involved in cross-border trade.
“
The companies involved in trade trans-
Traidlinks has developed measures to
actions include businesses engaged in
ensure greater inclusion of female entre-
the production and processing of food
preneurs through a ‘women champions
and drinks, as well as manufacturers of
in trade’ programme.
on increasing efficiency and supporting
construction materials including reinforc-
The organisation is also establishing a
ing steel bar and cement.
new initiative to support female traders
innovation through technology.
crafts, furniture, cleaning utensils and
In a further effort to improve business competitiveness, Traidlinks focussed
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enterprise challenge fund
supporting more than 100,000 families
S
elf Help Africa is creating
Backed by the European Union and with
more than 100,000 rural poor
‘AgriFi Kenya Challenge Fund’ will pro-
Challenge Fund that is the largest
agri-enterprises, and create thousands
profitable new markets for
additional funding from SlovakAid, the
families in Kenya with an innovative
vide investment and support to over 50
enterprise development project in
of new jobs in Kenya’s agri-food sector.
the organisation’s long history.
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The five-year venture was launched in early spring 2018. The fund is being implemented by Self Help Africa with technical support provided by South Africa-based business consultancy Imani Development. The project will invest more than €18m in Kenya’s agri-business sector in the coming years, and expects to create up to 10,000 new jobs. The Challenge Fund has placed particular emphasis on supporting agri-enterprises
agri-fi kenya that can provide viable long-term markets
•
Transu Improved farmer
yoghurt capacity.
for more than 100,000 small-scale farmers
organisation and aggregation
across all regions of Kenya.
points in the sorghum and soy
increased use of biofertilizer by
value chains.
smallholder farmers.
AgriFi Kenya has also set out to assist
•
SunCulture Kenya Ltd
•
•
The Real IPM Promoting
Premier Food Industries
business where support can benefit to
Promoting solar irrigation
Promoting improved integration of
marginalised pastoralists (nomadic and
technology via pay-as-you-go
smallholder farmers to a mango
semi-nomadic herders and farmers).
financing.
and apple juicing business
• With its grants, Self Help Africa, through AgriFI Kenya, is also seeking to improve
Olivado EPZ Improving
•
Vehicle and Equipment
profitability of the mango value chain.
Leasing Ltd Integrated
Ndumberi Dairy Farmers
mechanisation, storage, credit
the capacity of small-scale farmers and
Cooperative Investment in
and marketing in the potato value
pastoralists
extended-shelf-life milk and
chain.
to
apply
environmentally
•
sustainable practices and climate-smart agricultural approaches in their farm work. Agri-businesses are only eligible for investment from AgriFi Kenya if they can match-fund the grants they are awarded, and should also be capable of increasing turnover by at least 25%. The fund is being implemented in parallel with a planned European Investment Bank (EIB) facility being provided to local banks. Through the Kenya Agriculture Value Chain Facility, the EIB will extend a €50 million credit line to selected
This project will invest more than €18m
commercial banks, with the objective
in Kenya’s agri-business sector, and
of facilitating access to agri-enterprises promoting integration of smallholder
expects to create up to 10,000 new jobs.
farmers into their value chains. ROUND ONE SUPPORT: In the First Funding Round announced in 2019, the following eight companies are receiving investments and supports from the AgriFi initiative: •
Coconut Holdings Ltd – Improving productivity and sustainability of smallholder coconut farms, while also diversifying coconut product range.
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THE BUSINESS OF FARMING Supporting agri-business development in Africa On the following pages are just a handful of the businesses, past and present, that Self Help Africa has collaborated with as they seek to do business, and source produce in Africa. Supporting enterprise development in this way creates markets, creates jobs, and increases the income that small scale farmers can earn from their work.
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Golden bees - uganda:
S
ince its earliest years, Self
Golden Bees currently process 50
beekeeping as a valuable
have ambitious plans to increase their
Help Africa has supported
source of household income for small-scale farming communities.
In several countries, including Kenya,
Ethiopia, Burkina Faso and Uganda,
this work has seen Self Help Africa support
the
activities
of
farming
groups and cooperatives to bring scale and increase the profit potential of bee products – including honey, wax and propolis.
metric tonnes of honey a year, but
production volume up to 600 tonnes in the next five years.
Supported by Self Help Africa, the
venture is also being backed by Danish
development organisation Danida, and is
looking to train and support an additional 2,000 smallholder farmers in northern Uganda as new producers and suppliers of honey and wax to the company.
Self Help Africa is currently working
Golden Bees also functions as an api-
develop markets and increase the
to other beekeepers, and also manu-
a decade ago, the firm currently em-
equipment necessary for those who
sourcing honey and other bee prod-
beekeeping activities.
with ‘Golden Bees Ltd’ in Uganda to
culture consultancy, delivers training
business of beekeeping. Established
factures and sells beehives and other
ploys 12 people full-time, and is
are interested in developing their own
ucts from more than 2,600 small-scale beekeepers in Uganda.
devenish nutrition - UGANDA:
A
gri technology company De-
The Northern Ireland headquartered
ed more than £1m in a pig
government’s African Agri-Development
venish Nutrition has invest-
genetics and feeding operation that
currently employs more than 25 people in Uganda.
The venture is aiming to improve the
Fund (AADF), and is involved in improv-
ing genetics and producing high quality feeds in the country from a model farm in Hoima, in the west of the country.
country’s pig industry by both improv-
To date, over 300 local farmers have
improving feeding and animal health in
and animal nutrition, while 60 farmers
ing the genetics of pigs in Uganda and
been trained in livestock management
the country.
in Hoima have invested in improved
Devenish Nutrition are scheduled
with Danish Landrace varieties.
to work as pig-value chain experts
Devenish Nutrition is sourcing ingredi-
in a wider regional agricultrual development project. 18
company has been backed by the Irish
breed pigs – which cross native pigs
ents for its animal feeds through Self Help Africa’s TruTrade subsidiary, while Self Help Africa is set to collaborate
with Devenish on a wider agricultural development project in the region.
Healy Chia - Uganda:
T
he humble chia seed has become one of the world’s most sought-after super foods.
It is estimated that the worldwide chia market will be worth approxi-
mately €3billion within five years.
The popularity of chia has been good news for poor farmers in Uganda, where
a collaboration between Self Help Africa and Irish food ingredient specialists
The Healy Group has created a valuable
new source of income for thousands of farming families in Uganda.
Healy Group have been buying and processing chia from thousands of Ugandan farmers since it invested in a processing facility in Kampala with support from the Department of Agriculture’s African Agri-food Development Programme (AADP) three years ago. Working in collaboration with Self Help Africa, Healy Chia is buying from more than 7,000 small-scale farmers, so that they can process and export to markets in Ireland and across Europe.
yielding cash crop, and has trained growers to ensure that they can produce to the quality and scale required by the Irish company. Healy Chia have processed and exported a total of 800 tonnes of organic and conventional chia seed from Uganda in the past two years, but believe there is potential for substantial growth. Farming families, who grow between 150-250 kilos on half an acre get paid upwards of one euro, per kilo.
Self Help Africa has introduced chia to farmers as a potential new high-
Moyee coffee - Ethiopia:
S
elf Help Africa is collaborating with an enterprising ethical coffee business that is both sourcing its beans from one of the homes of coffee, and is also intent on leaving as much of the profits that is possible with its small-scale producers. To that end, Moyee Coffee is using block chain technology to provide the coffee consumer with a mechanism that allows them to both trace the origins of their cuppa, and also provides details on the amount that the farmer was paid for their crop.
The Dutch/Irish concern sources all of its coffee in Ethiopia, where it also has established a state of the art processing plant, to ensure that roasting and bagging of Moyee Coffee happens in the country where the crop was sourced. Ethiopia is the home of Arabica coffee bean. However, the country grows just three percent of the world’s coffee, in part because production is less industrialised, with coffee still a crop that is grown largely by small-holders.
tropical lush - kenya:
K
enya based food and beverages company Tropical Lush is sourcing mango and passion fruit for its operations from small-scale farm producers. The company has been buying mango through Self Help Africa social enterprise subsidiary TruTrade, and purchased 10 metric tonnes of the fruit, for processing, last year.
The volume of trading has been increasing year on year, with Tropical Lush purchases providing a profitable new market for small-scale farmers who have fruit trees on their farms.
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meki batu - ethiopia:
T
he Meki Batu Fruit and Veg-
Today, Meki Batu has more than 140
The union services both national and
can perhaps trace its very
umbrella, and processes and sells
number of years has been supplying
etable Growers Cooperative
origins to some of Self Help Africa’s very first activities in Ethiopia.
Formed more than 15 years ago to
primary cooperative groups under its the food that is being grown by over
8,000 farmers. In excess of 50,000
tonnes of produce is sold every year
international markets, and for the past produce also to Ethiopian Airlines for their in-flight catering services.
by the cooperative.
represent the interests of over a dozen
producer groups in the region, the Union included in this number, several thousand small scale farmers who had begun growing fruit and veg well over a decade
earlier, thanks to an early irrigation project created by Self Help Africa.
“
50,000 tonnes of produce is sold every year by the cooperative.
cassava - kenya:
H
undreds of farmers groups
cassava cuttings that they can plant and
Approximately 320 of the 400 farmer
yields and incomes from
tuber is beginning to be realised.
had successfully improved governance
in Kenya have seen both
the production and sale of cassava increase, over the past two years.
A study of farmers and farmer groups
A recent survey of cassava groups
of farming households that had received
backed by The Walmart Foundation
yields by an average of 30%, while cas-
involved with a Self Help Africa project, and the European Union, showed the
involved in the scheme found that 76%
improved cuttings had increased their
sava production cooperatives involved
positive impacts of a scheme that has
in processing the tuber and trading
farmers and farmer cooperatives for
comes by nearly 140%.
been supporting 28,000 smallholder more than two years.
Although cassava is a drought tolerant plant that grows well in the East
African country, it has traditionally been regarded as ‘a poor mans crop’. By
working alongside processors, millers
and distributors, and by supporting
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grow, the real potential of the starchy
farming
households
with
improved
chipped cassava had increased their in-
groups that the project worked with
and management structures, while four
out of five new farmers cooperatives
involved had developed new business plans for the production, processing
and marketing of chipped cassava products, which earned a higher price in local markets than raw tubers.
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past projects: Barley - ethiopia:
S
elf Help Africa joined forces
Under the scheme, improved barley
Diageo ultimately aims to increase
Diageo in a partnership that
Oromia was distributed within the
purchases from local farmers; while
with
global
drinks
giant
connected thousands of small-scale barley farmers with Meta, Diageo’s local brewing subsidiary in Ethiopia.
seed produced by these farmers in brewer’s existing Ethiopian network of growers, enabling them to increase their productivity.
Self Help Africa has been working with
Diageo in turn supported the seed-
Ethiopia for many years, helping them
crop insurance and improved seed.
farmers in the central Oromia region of
producing farmers with training, fertiliser,
to organise, increase productivity and access markets.
groundnut - zambia:
E
astern
Province
Farmers’
seed, training and an honest market at
in the processing and sale of
involved are contracted to repay a
Cooperative (EPFC) specialise
groundnut seed, which they source from 1,500 smallholder farmers in
a ‘best’ farm gate price, the farmers quantity of seed to EPFC.
Zambia.
EPFC operates a dedicated depot
The enterprise provides seed and
500 tons, which serves as not just a
not for free but on a simple contractual
as a depot where product is graded,
with a storage capacity of in excess of
farming advice to smallholder farmers;
marketing and distribution hub, but also
basis. In exchange for the provision of
cleaned and stored, pending sale.
Mango - malawi:
L
inking
thousands
of
small-
Farmers who had mango trees on their
trees growing on their farms
organised into producer groups. Self
scale farmers who had mango
was an early agri-enterprise project supported by Self Help Africa in 2015.
Help Africa also acted as the farmers’ voice, representing and protecting
their interests in dealings with the
Self Help Africa recruited, trained and
processing plant.
up to 5,000 out-growers to sell their
New varieties of mango were grafted
to large-scale processors including
yield and the cash return for farmers.
supported an initiative that enabled
produce to a firm that in turn supplied Tropicana and other fruit pulp buyers in the Middle East.
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land were identified, registered, and
onto existing trees to increase the fruit
significantly the quantity of barley it the seed producers will be assured
of an improved product, achieved in
an environmentally and economically sustainable way.
Cashew - benin:
B
enin is the fifth-largest producer
Self Help Africa has worked with German
with income from the crop
processor Tolaro Global and training
of
cashew
in
the
world,
representing 7% of the country’s GDP.
However, less than 5% of all the
cashews produced in Benin are
food giant Intersnack, local cashew
providers from the African Cashew Initiative to break this status quo.
processed locally, with the majority
Cashew farmers were targeted with
price, as raw product.
to improve production levels.
of the crop being exported at a lower
The absence of a developed processing industry has cost cashew farmers, processors and the overall economy in Benin millions in lost revenue.
community-based extension services
The
cooperatives
to
which
they
belong were being trained in quality control,
operational
and
financial
management, and were also being linked with microfinance institutions.
milk - kenya:
K
eringet Foods Limited (KFL)
A milk bulking centre run by KFL was
economic development of the
with three 5,000 litre milk chilling
was created to promote the
wider community in Kenya by adding value to their agricultural produce.
completed in early 2015, and equipped tanks, together with a laboratory for testing raw milk.
Through a local foundation, Self Help
The plant processes in excess of 13,000
KFL’s long-term strategy is to increase
to add value to the agricultural pro-
per day, and provides facilities for small-
cessing and marketing of higher-value
of local farmers.
their milk before it is sold to processors.
Africa worked with Keringet Foods Ltd
litres of milk from 1,800 dairy farmers
duction in milk and potato production,
scale farmers to bulk, chill and preserve
output, and eventually move into the prodairy products like yoghurt and cheese.
seed - ethiopia:
E
dget’ means ‘progress’ in
both community and farm household
Farmers using the seed provided by
guage of Ethiopia. A collab-
one of the main providers of improved
and a growth of up to 75% in incomes.
Amharic,
the
official
lan-
oration between Self Help Africa and Edget Farmers’ Union over the
levels, and quickly established itself as wheat seed.
past decade has seen the agricul-
Today, Edget Farmers’ Union is a prof-
supplier of wheat seed across the
than 15% of the wheat seed in the
tural cooperative become a leading SNNP Region of southern Ethiopia.
The cooperative received training and support in quality seed production at
itable business that provides more SNNP Region, and in some districts is
supplying up to 100% of all first-generation wheat seed.
Edget Union reported increased yields
Self Help Africa and Edget Union has been supported by Ethiopia’s
Agricultural Transformation Agency (ATA) in the initiative, which addresses
a scarcity of early generation wheat seed in the country.
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Farming For Africa’s Future contacts: Dublin:
Self Help Africa Kingsbridge House 17-22 Parkgate St Dublin - Ireland
24
Photo Credits: London:
Self Help Africa 14 Dufferin Street London, EC1Y 8PD
New York:
Self Help Africa 41 Union Square West, Suite 1027 New York, NY
Cover:
Mushroom production, Zambia.
Back:
Kolani and Yendoukoa Assibi, Nasiete Village, Togo.