The Center for Environmental Therapeutics by Seth Dunn

The Center for Environmental Therapeutics Seth Dunn | Prof. Gerry Gast | M. Arch Thesis Project | University of Oregon | Spring 2012

Table of Contents: Research:

Thesis Statement Client,Users and Therapy Phenomenology

Design: 2 3 4

Program

Overview Diagram Matrix

Site Photographs Site History Site Analysis

South Waterfront History North Macadam Urban Renewal South Waterfront Greenway Plan

Precedents

Maggieâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Gartnavel, OMA Therme Vals, Peter Zumthor Les Bains des Docks, Jean Nouvel Ancient Greek City of Epidarius

5 6 7-8 9-14 15 16 17 18 19-20 21-22 23-24 25-26 27-28

Initial Concepts Spatial Concepts Formation Process Final Design Interior Atrium

33-34

Waterfront View

Entrance View

Designing For Health

38-39

Main Floor Plan

Dormitory Floor Plan

40 41

Hydrotherapy Floor Plan

31-32

35 36

Sections

Urban Plan

Site Plan

45-46

Environmental Control and Sustainability

Exploded Axonometric

Materiality and Structure

Tectonic Model

Building Model

Final Exhibit

Sources 1

29-30

48 49 50-51 52-54 55 56-59

Thesis Statement: The Center for Environmental Therapeutics The Center for Environmental Therapeutics is a clinic and sanctuary exploring the way the physical environment creates healing properties. Located in the Portland’s OHSU district on the South Waterfront, the building serves as a urban retreat to help users maintain balance during Portland’s disparate seasons. Through the manipulation of phenomenological information and the procession of sensory stimulation, the center results in clients that feel rejuvenated and have a renewed sense of vigor. The main users of the building are those affected with Seasonal Affective Disorder, Circadian Rhythm Disorders as well as those who simply want to enjoy the building’s therapeutic space. The program houses treatments such as Chronotherapy, Bright Light Therapy, Dawn Simulation, Sleep Advance Phase Therapy, Air Ionization and Hydrotherapy. Each of these treatments offers interesting ways to manipulate the built environment. While some treatments require a more private multiple day visit, other treatments can be shared with friends in a few hour stay. The juxtaposition of the public and private creates an interesting program. The private spaces require a home-like setting including kitchens, living spaces, sleeping quarters and treatment rooms, while the public areas include fitness areas, baths, changing rooms, offices, reception and gathering spaces. The bathhouse and hydrotherapy unites the building with its waterfront location. With baths located on the waterfront edge, the center takes advantage of its prime location and serves as a catalyst to bring people to the area. The center also reconnects the waterfront path to the OHSU campus. It offers members of the OHSU community a definitive site to enjoy the water.

Research 2

Users:

The program is designed for a multitude of different users ranging from clinical patients to undiagnosed or symptom free users. A typical stay may last anywhere from a few hours to several days. Because of Portlandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s northern latitude and winter climate, 20-30% of residents have some form of winter blues. Additionally, 50%70% of patients with visual impairment have sleep or wake disorders. By manipulating the phenomenological forces on the user, these patients may compensate through the use of other sensory stimuli.

Client:

The Center for Environmental Therapeutics is an organization of medical practitioners researching circadian rhythm disorders, Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), non-seasonal depression as well as the environmental therapies that support their treatment.

Their mission involves:

Therapy:

-Educating the public, students and professionals about effective use of environmental therapies. -Offering authoritative information on non-medication treatments for seasonal affective disorder, nonseasonal depression and circadian rhythm sleep disorders. -Fostering research on environmental interventions that promote alertness, energy, and performance while combating fatigue, stress, depression and sleep disturbances that affect millions of people. 9

Negative Air Ionization:

Negatively charged air particles like those created by the ocean have mood

enhancing properties and help alleviate depression.

Bright Light Therapy:

30 to 60 minutes of a bright light near 1000 lux at dawn or dusk has been shown to

alleviate Seasonal Affective Disorder.

Low light conditions for 6-16h per day and blue wavelength filtered light can be used to treat rapid cycling of bipolar patients and control the symptoms of patients with mania or anxiety. It can

be combined with sensory deprivation.

Dark Therapy:

Dawn Simulation:

up. It is used to treat circadian disorders.

Hydrotherapy:

Often mimicking a sunrise, Dawn Simulation involves gradually increasing light levels to wake

Uses water, temperature and pressure as an overall mood enhancer as well as a stress and

pain reliever. In conjunction with other therapies, it can treat symptoms of mania and anxiety.

Sleep Phase Advance Therapy:

gradually restore circadian function.

The combination of Sleep Phase Advance, Dawn Simulation and Bright Light Therapy in one treatment

Triple Chronotherapy: 3 Research

In volves advancing sleep onset over the course of a few days to

Phenomenology: Phenomenology is the study of experience and the way people directly engage the world. In Architecture, Phenomenology explores the first-person connection between a user and the built environment. Peter Zumthor describes in his book â&#x20AC;&#x153;Atmosphereâ&#x20AC;? how great Architecture creates a procession between the senses and allows us to experience the basic substance of being. It makes us conscious of gravity and earth and the constant balance between opposing forces. In buildings, one should strive for a harmony of parts. Light and dark. Public and private. Water and sun. Air and earth. This is the essence of a healthy building. Bright Light Therapy

Negative Air Ionization

Hydrotherapy

Dawn Simulation

Dark Therapy

Graduation Tower

Paromlin Baths. Croatia

REHAB Clinic. Basel

Sensory Deprivation Tank

Hormonorium. Venice

Sense:

Physical Representation:

Vision

Light

Hearing

Air

Smell

Vapor

Taste

Water

Touch

Earth

User Experience: Solitary Connection Memory Nourishment Physical Reality

Research 4

Program Overview: The building has five different components including entry, administration, overnight patient care, bathhouse and outdoor space. These components fall into two main categories of treatment and sanctuary. While each category has their own defined function, they have key overlapping characteristics. These overlapping areas correlate with the different therapies a user may undergo, and act as a focal points in the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s composition. Each user is different and their paths between areas are distinct. The goal is, therefore, to create a procession between areas that is determined by the user and to induce a sense of strolling and freedom of movement. Administration

Design Objectives:

Treatment

Entry

Overnight Patient Care

Outdoor Space

Bathhouse

Sanctuary

-Take advantage of view corridors. -Reconnect waterfront pedestrian path. -Engage the water. -Connect the senses to the physical environment. -Create exposure to solar cycle. -Emphasise Zeitgebers such as light, meals, treatment and exercise. -Induce a sense of freedom of movement and strolling. -Create a therialization of spaces and tension between interior and exterior. -Create a scale of intimacy. -Connect the user to the natural, built, symbolic and social environment. -Create equality between the healer and the user. -Create a bioregion with OHSU. -Create a building for the 21 st century by mixing preventative care with emergent medicine. 5 Research

Program Diagram:

Mechanical 1000 SF

Cooling Space 400 SF

Pool 1500 SF

Medium Bath 500 SF

Graduation Tower

Steam B ath 300 SF Sauna 300 SF

Hot Bath 500 SF

River Access 1500 SF

Salt Bath 250 SF

Dark Therapy Room 200 SF

Bright Light Room 500 SF

Garden 1500 SF

BATHHOUSE AND THERAPY C a fe 1500 S F

Dor m it or y 1000 SF

C h a n g i ng Rooms 1000 SF

G a t heri n g / R e c e p ti on 1 50 0 S F

Fitness 1500 SF

ENTRY AND RECEPTION

River Path

Living Room 1000 SF Large Meeting R oom 1000 SF

O fямБces 750 SF

Treatm ent/ Counseling 750 SF

ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

Kitchen 400 SF

Tree Grove 3000 SF

Dining Room 400 SF

OVERNIGHT PATIENT CARE

OUTDOOR SPACE

Research 6

Program Matrix: Built Space Space

Users

Dormitory

Private

Kitchen

Semi Private

Dining Room

Adjacencies/ Grouping

Experiential Goals

Function

Therapy

Size

Occupancy

Equipment

Senses

Comforting, Relaxation, Solitary

Patients with certain disorders stay over Wake Therapy, Sleep Phase Advance the course of 3 days, going to bed at a Therapy, Dawn Stimulation, different time each day. Must be able to Chronotherapy control the amount of daylight that enters the room.

200 sqft (5)

1 person per room

Bed, Dim-able Lights, 800 lux

Eyes, Skin, Muscles, Skeleton, Minimal Ears

Rejuvenating, Personal Ownership, Preparation, Stimulation, Minor Threshold

Home like atmosphere for overnight patients. Shared.

Wake Therapy, Sleep Phase Advance Therapy, Dawn Stimulation, Chronotherapy

400 sqft

10 people

tables, fridge, stove, cabinets, counter

Tongue, Nose

Semi Private

Rejuvenating, Personal Ownership

Home like atmosphere for overnight patients. Shared.

400 sqft

10 people

table, chairs

Tongue, Nose

Living Room

Semi Private

Rejuvenating, Personal Ownership

Home like atmosphere for overnight patients. Shared.

1000 sqft

10 people

Private

Guidance, Preparation

Diagnosis, questioning, and counseling

150 sqft (3)

5 people

couch, TV, books, chairs, table, Coffee Table, Chairs

Eyes, Skin, Ears, Skeleton, Muscle

Treatment/ Counseling Room Large Meeting Room Offices

Wake Therapy, Sleep Phase Advance Therapy, Dawn Stimulation, Chronotherapy Wake Therapy, Sleep Phase Advance Therapy, Dawn Stimulation, Chronotherapy

Semi Private

Guidance, Preparation

Workshop, Class, Facilities Meeting

1000 sqft

20 people

Eyes, Ears

Private

5 people

Semi Private

A, B, C, D

100 sqft (3)

Storage

Semi Private

100 sqft (4)

Men, Women, Location Dependent N/A

Mechanical

Private

Analysis, Staff. Personal Space to keep files and equipment Home like atmosphere for overnight patients. Shared. Men and Woman's bathroom for B Storage located in private, semi-private and public locations Located near Pools

150 sqft (5)

Rest Room

Personal Ownership, Guidance, Preparation Stimulation, Preparation, Personal Ownership, Solitary

Conference Table, Chairs Computer, Chair, Desk Hygiene, Toiletries

Bright Light Room

Semi-Public

B, C

Stimulation, Preparation, Rejuvenating

Dark Therapy Room

Semi-Public

B, C

Fitness Room

Public

Cafe

Gathering/ Reception

7 Research

Eyes, Ears

Eyes, Ears Eyes, Skin, Ears, Skeleton, Muscle, Nose Eyes

1000 sqft

N/A

Bright Light Therapy

500 sqft

15 people

Reading Material Eyes

Relaxation, Threshold, Solitary Used to treat Manic and bipolar conditions, May be connected to Salt Pool and Graduation Tower

Manic Therapy, Sensory Deprivation

200 sqft

3-4 people

Candles?

B, C

Guidance, Preparation, Stimulation,

Working Out

Mood Enhancer, Sleep Phase Advance Therapy, Chronotherapy

1500 sqft

30 people

Weights, Pads, Balls,

Public

D,E

Stimulation, Comforting, Rejuvenating

Mainly for public users to get food and drinks before or after baths

Mood Enhancer

1500 sqft

20 people

Public

B, C

Preparation, Major Threshold

Meeting, Welcoming

1500 sqft

20 people

Very bright room usually used in the mornings for 30 minutes to an hour, to reset circadian clock. Over 1000 lux. Users can read or talk

Minimal Eyes, Nose from Graduation Tower, No Ears, No Muscle, No Skeleton

Eyes, Ears, Muscle, Skeleton, Skin Chairs, Tables, Tongue, Nose, Counter, Kitchen Ears, Eyes Equipment Chairs, Table

Eyes, Ears

Changing Room/Shower

Space

Semi-Public

Users

Adjacencies/ Grouping C, D

Cooling Space

Public

C, D

Sauna

Public

C, D

Steam Bath

Public

C, D

Salt Pool

Semi-Public

C, D

Hot Bath

Public

Medium Bath

Public

Pool

Public

Misc. Circulation

Public

Exterior Space

Experiential Goals

Function

Preparation, Major Threshold, Solitary

Preparing for baths

Preparation, Stimulation, Relaxation, The Pleasant Surprise Preparation,Solitary, Relaxation Preparation,Solitary, Relaxation Relaxation, The Pleasant Surprise, Solitary

Relax after hot water bath

Therapy

Size 500 sqft (2)

Occupancy

Equipment

Senses

Towels, Hygiene Skin, Muscle, Skeleton

400 sqft

Men and Women's, 20 person each 10 people

Waterproof Lounge

Skin, Muscle, Skeleton

Heated Air. Used in conjunction with Hydrotherapy, Mood Enhancer baths. Induces calming effects. Heated Air. Used in conjunction with Hydrotherapy, Mood Enhancer baths. Induces calming effects. Used to treat Manic and bipolar Sensory Deprivation, Hydrotherapy conditions, May be connected to Dark Therapy Room and Graduation Tower. 98F. Salt makes water more buoyant. 15 min.

300 sqft

10 people

300 sqft

10 people

250 sqft

3-4 people

benches, heat element waterproof benches Cleaning, Filtration, Connected to Graduation Tower

Skin, Muscle, Skeleton Skin, Muscle, Skeleton Minimal Eyes, Nose from Graduation Tower, No Ears, No Muscle, No Skeleton

Relaxation, Solitary

102F-105F. Induces calming effects.

Hydrotherapy

500 sqft

10-15 people

500 sqft

10-15 people

N/A

Sleep Phase Advance Therapy, Chronotherapy

2000 sqft

A, B, C, D

99F. Transition pool between cool and hot 80F. More Playful and public, User may swim, talk Hallways, etc.

Hydrotherapy

Preparation, Relaxation, Stimulation, Threshold Stimulation

Cleaning, Filtration Cleaning, Filtration Cleaning, Filtration

Skin, Muscle, Skeleton Skin, Muscle, Skeleton Skin, Muscle, Skeleton

Mood Enhancer

Building Size:

Graduation Tower

Public

The Pleasant Surprise, Threshold

Tree Grove

Public

The Pleasant Surprise, Threshold, Solitary

River Path

Public

Threshold

River Access

Public

D, E

Stimulation, Threshold

Garden

Semi Private

A, B, C, E

Preparation, Stimulation, Relaxation, The Pleasant Surprise, Personal Ownership

Found in many european spa towns, weak brine water is trickled down a brushwood wall. The water evaporates leaving the twigs coated in salt and a strong brine solution on the bottom. This solution can be used in the Salt Pool to Transition between the city and the create interesting smells. The air is sanctuary. Offers an area to be secluded charged with positive ions from the and away from the public. Possible evaporation. This is a cure for SAD, and source for graduation tower. many forms of depression. Workout space and public access. Includes biking, running, walking with benches and greenery. Activity to stay awake Access to the river to swim, and possibly boat, kayak.

3000 sqft

20,500 sqft

Air Ionization

3ft x ?

ability to walk on Brushwood changed every 5-10 years, Brine, Pump

Nose, Tongue

Mood Enhancer, Sleep Phase Advance Therapy, Chronotherapy

3000 sqft +

5-10 secluded people

benches

Eyes, Ears, Nose, Skin, Muscle, Skeleton

Mood Enhancer, Sleep Phase Advance Therapy, Chronotherapy

N/A

many, all hours access

benches

Eyes, Ears, Nose, Skin, Muscle, Skeleton

Mood Enhancer, Hydrotherapy

1500 sqft

30 people

Eyes, Ears, Skin, Muscle, Skeleton

1500 sqft

10 people

Dock, waterproof lounge Vegetables, Soil, Gardening tools,

Activity to stay awake. May provide food Mood Enhancer, Sleep Phase Advance for kitchen. Therapy, Chronotherapy

Total Exterior Space: Total Site:

Eyes, Nose, Tongue

6,000 sqft 26,500 sqft

Research 8

Site: Portland

North Macadam Urban Renewal Area Site Location OHSU Schnitzer Campus

9 Research

Location:

SW Gibbs St. Portland OR, 97217

Research 10

Site: Surroundings

11 Research

Site: Water Access

Research 12

Site: View from the water

13 Research

Site: Bathymetric Survey

Research 14

Site History: The Center for Environmental Therapeutics occupies the eastern tip of the 10 acre property owned by North Macadam Investors, LLC. Since World War II, the site has been the home of heavy industry with a focus in metal production. Many ships and barges were produced here. Recently, planning has begun for the siteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s eventual reformation. North Macadam Investors LLC have recently begun working with the city under a DEQ consent judgment to clean up the site after years of environmental degradation.

15 Research

Site Analysis:

Prevailing Winter Winds

Site

Sun Path

Pedestrian Path Views Slope Tidal Forces

Research 16

South Waterfront History: For thousands of years, the Multnomah and Clackamas Indian nations lived along the Willamette River. In 1806, the expedition of Lewis and Clark voyaged down the Colombia River, becoming the first Americans to reach the west coast. Soon after, pioneers settled the land in what would later become Portland. Since the early 1900â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, the South Waterfront was the heavy industrial center of Portland. Everything from lumber to barges was manufactured here. After World War II, the area was used to dismantle and salvage ships for scrap metal. It was not until the 1980â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s that the potential of the South Waterfront was realized with the adoption of the Comprehensive Plan by the Portland City Council.

17 Research

North Macadam Urban Renewal Plan: The North Macadam Urban Renewal Area (URA) is a 400 acre area of the South Waterfront staged for rehabilitation by 2020. For much of the last century, The North Macadam URA was an industrial wasteland and environmental nightmare. While it was close to the downtown district, it was cut off from any pedestrian and cultural connection with the rest of the city. Since 1999, the North Macadam URA has enjoyed steady redevelopment starting with the 2001 completion of the Riverplace Neighborhood. In combination with the proposed OHSU Schnitzer Campus, the South Waterfront District and the South Waterfront Greenway Plan, the area is slated to become a vibrant, high density addition to Portland.

OHSU Schnitzer Campus:

Schnitzer Campus is a 19 acre addition to Oregon Health and Science University in the northern end of the South Waterfront District. It will include over 2 million square feet of classrooms, laboratories, retail, housing and other campus amenities. Work is currently underway on a new pedestrian and street car bridge further connecting the district to the surrounding area. Schnitzer Campus provides the perfect locality for The Center for Environmental Therapeutics.

Research 18

Current South Waterfront Greenway Plan: Thomas Balsley Associates

Research Walker Macy Thomas Balsley Associates

Site Pla

SOUTH WATERFRONT GREENWAY CENTRAL DISTRIC

ATWATER BUILDING

100’ GREENWAY SETBACK

Thomas Balsley Associates

EXISTING UNIT PAVERS

OPEN LAWN TERRACE ASPHALT BIKE PATH

CONCRETE PEDESTRIAN PATH

18’ OHW

EXISTING PRIVATE PROPERTY AT ATWATER BUILDING

SWALE AND UPPER BANK PLANTING SUB-AREA 2 & 3

LOWER BANK PLANTING SUB-AREA 1

3.22’ OLW

Thomas Balsley Associates

Atwater Building Section

Walker Macy Thomas Balsley Associates

RIP-RAP BANK

SOUTH WATERFRONT GREENWAY CENTRAL DISTRICT

Portland Parks and Recreation | January 2012

Curry Street Overlook Section

Pedestrian Trail and Curry Street Overlook

Research 20

Precedent: Maggie’s Gartnavel Architect: OMA Location: Glasgow, Scotland Typology: Health Care Year: 2011 Maggie’s Gartnavel is a center for the care of cancer patients. It consists of a series of L shaped components situated around a center courtyard. The program includes Large meeting spaces, counseling rooms as well as living and dining spaces. The space is notable for its modesty of design and scale. Relevant Attributes: • Similar administrative and living functions. • Modest materials and intimate design • Centers around therapeutic garden

21 Research

Research 22

Precedent: The Theme Vals Architect: Peter Zumthor Location: Graubunden Canton, Switzerland Typology: Thermal Bath/ Spa Year: 1996 The Therme Vals sit on the site like an architectural ruin. Through the combination of concrete, locally quarried stone slabs, and a grass roof, the building creates a sensory experience. It is a masterpiece of phenomenology. The program includes pools, steam baths, treatment rooms, and a cooling space. Relevant Attributes: â&#x20AC;˘ Similar materiality, program, atmosphere and experiential goals â&#x20AC;˘ Creates a sense of strolling and freedom of movement.

23 Research

Research 24

Precedent: Les Bains des Docks Architect: Ateliers | Jean Nouvel Location: Le Havre, France Gross Size: 12000m 2 Typology: Aqua Center Year: 2004 Les Bains des Docks is an aquatic center designed as a catalyst to restore the harbor of Le Havre. The center includes 12 pools, a fitness room, cafe, as well as a center for balenotherapy. The space is filled with light and its white walls create a sense of playfulness and simplicity. Relevant Attributes: • Mixes therapy and leisure in one design • Creates fluidity between internal and external space • Similar programmatic functions • Similar building size

25 Research

Research 26

Precedent: Sanctuary at Epidarius Architect: Location: Typology: Year: 500

Polycleitos the Younger, Theodotos, and others Epidarius, Greece City B.C. to 500 A.D.

Epidarius was an ancient city founded by the Greeks and served as the most celebrated healing center of the ancient world for over 1000 years. One would approach along a sacred path from the north that led through a portal and tree grove before arriving at the Temple of Asclepius with its towering statue. Behind it was the Tholos and its subterranean labyrinth. North of this was the Abaton or dormitory. Other buildings included the gymnasium, Katagogeoin or hotel and a 14000 person theater which is still used to this day for its superior acoustics. Greek architecture was a testament to harmony and proportion. Health followed a similar holistic goal of restoring balance between mind, body, and spirit. Relevant Attributes: â&#x20AC;˘ Symbolism of buildings very similar to building program â&#x20AC;˘ The Temple and the Tholos represent light and dark â&#x20AC;˘ Focus on harmony and balance between parts

27 Research

Temple of Asclepius

Theatre

Asclepius. God of Medicine and Healing

Research 28

Initial Concepts:

1. Compression and volume

29 Design

2. Fluidity over a manufactured landscape

3. Solid and void in response to a site

4. Studies of color and light on a manufactured landscape

Design 30

Spatial Concepts:

The Center for Environmental Therapeutics is inherently an internal and sacred place. The user must shed his daily routine and be immersed in the phenomenology of the building. To do this, two site driven concepts define the design of the building. The first driver is to shield the users from the surrounding skyscrapers and commotion of the outside world. The second is to direct the user towards the waterfront. To respond to these two conditions, the building takes the form of a ribbon wrapping north-south, perpendicular to the water. This addresses both issues with one elegant form. It shields the interior from the neighboring buildings to either side and focuses the users attention toward the water. Ross Island and the Willamette River act as an anchor, leading the user on a procession through the building.

31 Design

The water narrows along Ross Island and creates a more personal, sacred condition. It was important to maintain this connection from as many areas of the building as possible. This was achieved by taking advantage of the sloping site and lowering the hydrotherapy below the main floor. This allowed grand views from all public areas of the building. To create a private outdoor space separate from the busy Willamette greenway, a courtyard was inserted between the main floor and the hydrotherapy pools. This ribbon encloses the more public aspects of the program. Inserted into the folds of this ribbon are a secondary system of bars containing the more private functions such as the dormitory, treatment rooms, meeting rooms and offices.

Design 32

Formation Process:

33 Design

Design 34

Interior Atrium:

35 Design

Waterfront View:

Design 36

Entrance View:

37 Design

Designing for Health:

Phenomenology:

HYDROTHERAPY Hydrotherapy Dark Therapy

SIMULATION Bright Light Therapy DAWN Negative Air Ionization Dawn Simulation Hydrotherapy REHAB Clinic. Basel

Paromlin Baths. Croatia

REHAB Clinic. Basel Graduation Tower

Sensory Deprivation Tank Paromlin Baths. Croatia

Sense:

Representation: Experience: Physical Representation: Sense: User

apor

Water

arth

BRIGHT LIGHT THERAPYNegative NEGATIVE AIR IONIZATION Dark Therapy Hydrotherapy Bright Light Therapy Air Ionization Hydro Hormonorium. Venice Bright Light Therapy Negative Air Ionization

Sensory Deprivation Tank, New Museum, NY

Graduation Tower

Precedent:

Paromlin Baths. Croatia Hormonorium. Venice

ght

Phenomenology: Phenomenology:

SENSORY DEPRIVATION Dawn Simulation

Often mimicking a sunrise, Dawn Simulation involves gradually increasing light levels to wake up It is used to treat circadian disorders. It is used to treat circadian disorders.

Vision

Hearing Experience: Smell Taste Touch

Solitary

Connection Memory Nourishment

Uses water, temperature and pressure as an overall mood enhancer as well as a stress and pain reliever. In conjunction with other therapies, it can treat symptoms of mania and anxiety.

Light Air

Vapor Water

Physical Reality

Earth

REHAB Clinic. Basel

Hormonorium. Venice Venice Graduation Tower Paromlin Paromlin Baths. Cro Hormonorium. Graduation Tower B

Sensory Deprivation Tank

User Experience:

A salt water solution made by the graduation tower allows the user to be suspended. This removes sensation of the outside world allowing for greater relaxtion.

Solitary

Connection Memory Nourishment Physical Reality

Physical Representati Physical Represe Sense: Sense:

30 to 60 minutes of a bright light near 1000 lux at dawn or dusk has been shown to alleviate Seasonal Affective Disorder.

Negatively charged air particles like those created by the ocean have mood enhancing properties and help alleviate depression. Salt water is concentrated in this tower and is used by the sensory deprovation baths below.

Vision Vision

Light Light

Hearing Hearing

Air

Smell Smell

Vapor Vapor

Taste Taste

Water Water

Touch Touch

Earth Earth

Air

The user experience is crucial to the design of this center. The therapies contained inside create unique experiences and are designed to interact, creating key moments throughout the building. The procession begins by passing through a grove of trees, a technique adopted from the 4th century Sanctuary of Epidarius, the preeminent healing center of the ancient world. This grove heightens the usersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; awareness, creates a sense of tranquility and promotes healing. As the user approaches the building, they enter an elongated entry ramp ascending past a large bio-swale on the right and a mature cherry tree on the left. An opening in the white concrete wall frames the view of the cafe patio. Once inside, the user enters an atrium containing the reception counter, a waiting area and a small cafe. The first thing the user experiences is the large window wall framing the Willamette River and the Ross Island Wildlife Sanctuary. The graduation tower leads the eyes toward the rooftop garden of therapeutic herbs and the lower courtyard. This tower fills the air with the smell of salt, brushwood and Negatively Ionized Particles, a popular treatment for Seasonal Affective Disorder.

Design 38

After checking in at reception, the user proceeds to their prescribed treatment. Consultation rooms are located down a corridor behind reception. A staircase leads to the dormitory and Chronotherapy rooms; their walls are bathed in light from the skylight above. These rooms are specially designed to synchronize the users sleep cycle with the sun. A precedent of this system can be found in Herzog and de Meuron’s REHAB Center in Basel, Switzerland. On the opposite wall of the atrium are the more public functions. Following this wall past the classroom and conference room leads to the Bright Light Room and a staircase descending towards the hydrotherapy floor. The Bright Light Room has acts as a zeitgeiber, or synchronizing event, and is primarily used in the beginning or end of a users sleep cycle. Light emitted from a skylight and the floor floods the room. This concept was inspired by Decosterd and Rahm’s design for the Hormonorium. (8th Biennale of Architecture, Swiss Pavilion, Venice, Italy, 2002). Channel glass on five sides radiates light out towards the water. This room also serves to illuminate the staircase descending to the Hydrotherapy foyer and changing rooms. Window vents in the concrete wall adjacent to the hot bath allow steam to mix with the light from the Bright Light Room filling the foyer with a yellow glow. The Hydrotherapy floor contains a cold, medium and hot bath. Glass curtain walls enclose the space on two sides and maintain the connection to the river. The hot bath opens out into the courtyard through a rotating door and provides a unique opportunity to experience Portland’s rainy climate in a comfortable environment. On the far wall of the hydrotherapy floor are rooms containing the Sensory Deprivation Pools. Each pool is filled with salt water generated from the graduation tower above. This tower is visible on the far wall, filling each room with the sound of trickling water and the occasional flicker of light as the sun permeates the structure.

39 Design

Main Floor Plan: 7

Phenomenology: Phenomenology: Phenomenology: Phenomenology: Phenomenology: 1

Phenomenology: Phenomenolo

HERAPY HYDROTHERAPY HYDROTHERAPY SENSORY DEPRIVATION SENSORY DEPRIVATION LIGHT THERAPY BRIGHT NEGATIVE LIGHT THERAPY AIR IONIZATION NEGATIVE SENSORY AIR DEPRIVATION IONIZATION BRIGHT LIGHT THERAPY NE ION DAWN SIMULATION Dark Therapy Dark Therapy Dark Therapy Dawn Simulation DawnBRIGHT Simulation Dawn Simulation Dark Therap Dawn Simulation Dawn Simulation herapy Hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy Bright Light Therapy nization Negative AirTherapy Ionization Bright Light Bright Light Therapy Bright Light Therapy Negative Air Ionization Negative Air Deprivation Ionization Negat Dark Therapy Dark Therapy erapy ion Dawn Simulation Dark Dawn Simulation Dawn Sim Hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy gative Air Ionization Hormonorium. Venice Hormonorium. Venice Hormonorium. Venice Bright Bright Light Bright Light Therapy Negative AirTherapy Ionization Negative Air Sensory Baths. Deprivation Tank, New Museum, NY Sensory Deprivation Tank, NewClinic. Museum, NY Light Therapy Sensory Tank,Ionization New Museum, NY Graduation Tower REHAB Basel hs. Croatia Paromlin Croatia Paromlin Baths.Graduation Croatia Tower 16 15

Precedent:

18 12

Hormonorium. Venice Graduation Venice Tower Tank Paromlin Graduation Baths. Tower Croatia Paromlin REHAB Baths. Clinic. Hormonorium. Croatia Basel REHAB Sensory VeniceClinic. Deprivatio Bas Gra 19 19 Hormonorium. Venice Graduation Venice Tower Paromlin Graduation Baths. Croatia Paromlin REHAB Baths. Clinic. Hormonorium. Croatia Basel REHAB Sensory Venice CliD 20 Hormonorium. 21 20 19 19 Hormonorium. Basel Graduation ation Tank Sensory TowerREHAB Deprivation Paromlin Tank Baths. REHAB Clinic. Basel Sensory Deprivation 19 Basel 22 Tower Tower hs. Croatia Paromlin Baths. Hormonorium. Clinic. Croatia Basel Croatia Venice REHAB Sensory Clinic. Deprivation Graduation Tank Tower Sensory Deprivation Paromlin Baths. Tank Croatia REHAB Clinic. Basel Sensory Deprivation Tank

Sense:

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Design 40

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Design 42

Section One:

Section Two:

Site Section:

43 Design

Urban Plan:

Proposed Existing

Design 44

Site Plan:

45 Design

Design 46

Environmental Control and Sustainability: Sustainability Natural Light for Dormitory and Chronotherapy rooms (w/ blackout curtain system)

Natural Ventilation

Bioswell Cooling Pond

Raident Concrete Slab

Suspended ceilings are located within the wood-clad sections of the building. This allows for luminaries and vents to be located inside. Forced Air provides for ventilation with soffits leading into the exposed concrete portions of the building. Efficient radiant concrete slabs are the main source of heat throughout the building. During nice weather, rotating glass doors on either side of the atrium can open to the outside allowing for natural ventilation. Operable clearstory windows on the north side allow hot air to rise and escape as well as allow diffused light to enter. The southern wall and roof overhang by 8 feet, providing shade for the east and west sides of the building. Additionally, minimal glass and a thick southern wall reduces heat gain. Respecting the sites original use as a natural bio-swale, a new bio- swale was created on two sides of the building and provides for the whole community. This bio-swale also serves as a cooling pond allowing the air to be cooled before it enters the building.

47 Design

Exploded Axonometric:

Design 48

Materiality and Structure: Skylight w/ louver panels

Concrete Pavers over Rigid Insulation Forced Air Ventilation Incandescent Lighting

Channel Glass w/ internal insulation

Bright Light Room

Wood Flooring over Radient Heat System Floor Window

Floor Lighting System

Wood Panel on Steel Stud

White Concrete w/ internal insulation

Hydrotherapy Foyer

Window Vent (Allows air to react with bright light room)

Radient Slab Pavers Gravel

Hot Bath

Earth

The main structural system of the building is load bearing tilt up concrete. Each exterior wall is constructed of several large panels spanning from floor to ceiling. Each panel is built with two pours of white concrete, allowing channels of insulation to be inserted in the middle. Window openings are built into the form-work. A column system on the interior supports a posttensioned concrete roof and floor slab. Shear walls are provided by the two elevator cores. A secondary system of steel studs with lateral wood cladding provides the enclosure for the more private programs.

49 Design

Tectonic Model:

Design 50

51 Design

Building Model

Design 52

53 Design

Design 54

Final Exhibit:

55 Design

Sources: Interviews 1. Brown, Robin. Lab Manager of Sleep and Mood Disorders Lab. Oregon Health & Science University, 15 Sept. 2011. Personal interview. Robin was very helpful in describing some of the treatments associated with Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) and Circadian Rhythm Disorders. She described the treatments of Bright Light Therapy, Dawn and Dusk Therapy and Wake Therapy. She mentioned that people with vision disabilities are especially effected by circadian rhythm problems. 2. Wirz-Justice PhD, Anna. Center for Chronobiology. Psychiatric Hospitals. University of Basel, 15 Nov. 2011. E-mail Communication. Anna offered some very useful studies on the role light therapist can play in architectural design. She mentioned that light therapists and others in the health care field often wait until all research has been performed before offering guidelines. Architects and designers, on the other hand, can implement ideas and piece together gaps in research. Site Visits 1.

Kayaking along Willamette South Waterfront. October 2011.

Traveled along the south waterfront looking for possible sites near OHSU, Ross Island, Oak Park and the end of Tom McCall Park. Narrowed down several possible sites. 2.

OHSU site visit. October 2011.

Looked at possible sites near old Spaghetti factory, Zidellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Shipyard and north of the new pedestrian bridge. Possibly interested in converting shipyard. The site may be too large and may be contaminated. Spaghetti Factory site too secluded. North of the pedestrian bridge is a blank slate and not easily connected to OHSU.

Books 1. Holl, Steven, Juhani Pallasmaa, and Alberto GoĚ mez. Questions of perception: phenomenology of architecture. [New ed. San Francisco, CA: William Stout, 2006. Print. Pallasmaa is one of the preeminent theorist of phenomenology and the architecture of the senses. He describes the emotional connection each sense has and the material properties that can evoke these reactions. Importantly, he describes how since the invention of the printed word, there has been a historical shift from the predominance of sound to that of sight. He goes on to describe the way the eye, ear, skin, nose, tongue, skeleton and muscles experience a building and how this physical reaction gets translated into feeling. 2. Franck, Karen A., and R. Bianca Lepori. Architecture from the inside out: from the body, the senses, the site, and the community. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley-Academy, 2007. Print. The book talks about the importance of designing experiences. It is important to design around the body motions of a user as they interact with a room. For example, when designing a sleep clinic, the architect must design the room to be used from a horizontal position. A hospital would have rooms with interesting views. 3. Justice, Anna, Francesco Benedetti, and Michael Terman. Chronotherapeutics for affective disorders: a clinicianâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s manual for light and wake therapy. Basel: Karger, 2009. Print. Lists the diagnostics procedures and processes used to treat various affective disorders. Its specific recommendations can be adapted to design guidelines. For example, the proper light level for Bright Light Therapy is 1000 lux with a duration of around 30 minutes to an hour. It also lists the proper times to administer treatment, the possible light sources, guidelines to promote wakefulness, and the proper design principles for manic disorders, depressive disorders, and melatonin suppression. 4. Moughtin, Cliff, Paola Signoretta, and Kate McMahon Moughtin. Urban design: health and the therapeutic environment. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Architectural Press, 2009. Print. While this book is mostly about urban design, it has great precedents on cities devoted to the promotion of health. One of these cities is the ancient Greek sanctuary of Epidarus. It has remarkable similarities with the program of my building. The book also describes the natural, built, symbolic and social forces in the environment and how they act on the user. These principles will be useful for designing the site and the buildings relation with its surroundings.

5. Verderber, Stephen. Innovations in hospital architecture. New York: Routledge, 2010. Print. The trend of hospital architecture in the 21st century is a mixture of home with healing in a health care environment. By mixing preventative care and emergent medicine, a more holistic type of care emerges. Other trends include residentialism, self determinism, sustainability, therapeutic roles and a more collaborative atmosphere. The book also talks about the importance of Theraserialization, the shift and sequence of indoor and outdoor space. 6. Ware, Cynthia. Design for aging: strategies for collaboration between architects and occupational therapists. Washington, D.C.: The Council, 1993. Print. This book offers a good case studies for the role of occupational therapists in hospital architecture. The McMaster Hospital case study in particular is especially helpful for its program. It describes some of the support rooms necessary in a medical building. 7. Zumthor, Peter. Atmospheres: architectural environments, surrounding objects. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2006. Print. Peter Zumthor offers design principles that create sensual, elegant design. He shows examples of architecture that have phenomenological properties. He demonstrates how people, air, noise, sound, color, material, texture, form, and mood affect how users see a design. These sensations create the atmosphere of a building and are critical to its healing properties. Journals 1. Wirz-Justice PhD, Anna . “Light, Health and Wellbeing: Implications from chronobiology for architectural design.” World Health Design. January 2010 Article shows interesting findings that relate chronobiology to the field of design. It offers various guidelines that designers should follow to create a healthy building. 2.

Lang, Dieter. Light and Quality of Life Design Guidelines for Biologically Effective Illumination. OSRAM, R&D CIM-M, 2009.

Shows how different types of lighting types, temperatures and hues can create different healing effects in patients. Also shows how light is absorbed by the eyes and how this is utilized by the body.

Amelar, Sarah. “Brooklyn Bridge Park.” Architecture Record Jan. 2011: 82-88. Print.

Interesting article on the new Brooklyn Bridge Park and how it transformed an old dock into a public attraction. The site is relevant to the South Waterfront in Portland in the way it uses landscaping to control views and sound. Other Design Resources 1. Aalto, Alvar, Timo Tuomi, Kristiina Paatero, and Eija Rauske. Alvar Aalto in seven buildings: interpretations of an architect’s work. Helsinki: Museum of Finnish Architecture, 1998. Print. 2. Augustin, Sally. Place advantage: applied psychology for interior architecture. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009. Print. 3. Bahamón, Alejandro, and Ana María Álvarez. Light color sound: sensory effects in contemporary architecture. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2010. Print. 4. Bell, Michael, and Jeannie Kim. Engineered transparency: the technical, visual, and spatial effects of glass. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2009. Print. 5. Breen, Ann, and Dick Rigby. Waterfronts: cities reclaim their edge. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994. Print. 6. Millet, Marietta S., and Catherine Jean Barrett. Light revealing architecture. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 1996. Print. 7. Picon, Antoine, and Alessandra Ponte. Architecture and the sciences: exchanging metaphors. New York, N.Y.: Princeton Architectural Press ;, 2003. Print. 8. Wagenaar, Cor. The architecture of hospitals. Rotterdam: NAi Publishers, 2006. Print. 9. www.cet.org. The Center for Environmental Therapeutics. 11.01.11. Website.