Far and Beyond 8 by Schildts & Söderströms

FAR BEYOND and

SANDRA BACKMAN ALISTAIR LOGAN NEA METSÄVUORI SCHILDTS & SÖDERSTRÖMS

FAR BEYOND and

SANDRA BACKMAN ALISTAIR LOGAN NEA METSÄVUORI

SCHILDTS & SÖDERSTRÖMS

Schildts & Söderströms www.sets.fi Redaktör: Roland Juthman Seriens allmänna grafiska profil: Maria Appelberg/Station MIR Inlagans grafiska formgivning: Heidi Hjerpe/Kustmedia Ab Oy Ombrytning och omslag: Heidi Hjerpe/Kustmedia Ab Oy Illustrationer: Anna Landin Författarna vill tacka Svenska kulturfonden för understöd för arbetet med detta läromedel. © Sandra Backman, Alistair Logan, Nea Metsävuori och Schildts & Söderströms 2015 Kopieringsförbud Det här verket är en lärobok. Verket är skyddat av upphovsrättslagen (404/61). Det är förbjudet att fotokopiera, skanna eller på annat sätt digitalt kopiera det här verket eller delar av det utan tillstånd. Kontrollera om läroanstalten har gällande licenser för fotokopiering och digitala licenser. Mer information lämnas av Kopiosto rf www.kopiosto.fi. Det är förbjudet att ändra verket eller delar av det. ISBN 978-951-52-3635-7 Finnprinters 2015

Hej och välkommen att jobba med Far and Beyond! I den här boken träffar du 15-åriga Jasmine och hennes vänner Charlie, Ben och Tom. De bor och går i skola i London. Vi får följa deras vardag och äventyr, bland annat via Jasmines blogg. Du får stifta bekantskap med vardagen, fritiden, umgänget och kulturen i Storbritannien. Språket är brittisk engelska, eftersom handlingen utspelar sig i Storbritannien. Far and Beyond består av fyra olika delar (Parts). Delarna är indelade i följande avsnitt: Get ready, More than words, Get smart och Fact finder. I slutet av boken finns dessutom Reader och Grammar. Get ready handlar om Jasmine och hennes vänner. Där ingår två texter, den första är dialogbaserad, den andra fokuserar på läsförståelse. More than words ger dig möjlighet att utvidga ditt ordförråd. Där ingår en hörförståelse samt övningar enligt olika teman. I Get smart lär du dig hantera vardagssituationer, samtal och interkulturell kommunikation på engelska. I Fact finder får du fakta om olika de brittiska öarna – bland annat kultur, historia och sevärdheter. Reader erbjuder spänning och utmaning i form av miniromanen The Haunted Keep. Grammatiken, Grammar, hittar du längst bak i boken som en egen helhet. Där finns såväl förklaringar och exempel som övningar. Genom Far and Beyond lär du dig många nyttiga saker om kulturskillnader, samtalsstrategier och kommunikation samtidigt som du får tala mycket engelska med dina klasskamrater och utöka ditt ordförråd. Are you ready? Enjoy the ride! Sandra Backman Alistair Logan Nea Metsävuori

Table of contents PART ONE Get ready Here we go! 10 Read on Bus stop banter 19 More than Food, ingredients words and cooking 28 Listen The schoolâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s new health plan 26 Get smart Talking about my health and how I feel 38 Fact finder The United Kingdom 48

PART TWO Get ready Read on

Favourite things to do at Christmas time 56 Christmas past 63

More than The weather 76 words Listen Frozen London 72 Get smart

Talking about interests and starting a conversation 82

Fact finder The United Kingdom 92

PART THREE Get ready Read on

Raising funds to have fun 102 Fancy dress party 111

More than Clothes and words fashion 122 Listen School uniforms – yea or nay! 118 Get smart Making small talk 128 Fact finder Scotland 138

PART FOUR Get ready Dos and Don’ts 148 Read on Schools out for the summer 156 More than Professions and words work 169 Listen Job hunting 166 Get smart Speaking about myself 176 Fact finder Wales and Northern Ireland 186

READER The Haunted Keep, Part 2 192 GRAMMAR 220 IRREGULAR VERBS 291 GLOSSARY 295

The friends Youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re about to meet Jasmine and her friends. Fill in the missing information as you listen.

1 Name________________________ Nickname_____________________ Age__________________________ Hobby________________________ _____________________________

2 Name________________________ Nickname_____________________ Age__________________________ Hobby________________________ _____________________________

3 Name________________________

4 Name________________________

Nickname_____________________

Age__________________________

Hobby________________________

_____________________________

PART ONE Introducing Jasmine and her friends – Who are we? Getting ready for the school year ahead – What do we expect? Talking about feelings and expectations – How do I feel?

Exploring food – What do we eat? Exploring cooking – How do we prepare food? Exploring food and health – What do and should we eat?

Talking about my health – How do I feel? Describing symptoms – What’s wrong? Being polite and proper – Should I say how I really feel?

Getting to know the United Kingdom – Which countries belong to the UK? Introducing the Royal Family – Who are they?

PART ONE

GET READY

BUSY LONDON LIFE E S T

F R I E N D S

Mixed heritage

Meet the Dog

GET READY

Here we go! Hi, my name is Jasmine, Jasmine Smith. I am not the princess from Aladdin. My father is Indian, but when I was six he decided that he had to go back to India. “Sorry Jasmine, you have to understand, London isn’t my home,” he said. That was it; he left. I sometimes get a letter from him, sometimes a present, something very Indian, like a sari I don’t know how to tie or a book on how to properly roll a chapati. I visit him in India once every couple of years and meet all sorts of relatives none of which I know who they are. So, it is just me and my mum, and my dog Tony. Now you might think that Tony is a strange name for a dog, and I would agree. I wanted to call him Wellington, but the dog never came when I called Wellington. My mum refused to wander around the park calling out Welly. (I think maybe she worried that people would think that she has lost a Wellington boot, and is calling out trying to find it.) So,

GET READY the dog’s name is Tony, and I feel like I am calling for a New York mobster when I am in the park, but he comes, and I guess that’s all that matters. My mum is tough. She is an inspector in the Metropolitan Police Service. She says things like ”Right, what’s all this then?” and ”Oi, put that down!” And “If you don’t clean this room this instant I am going to ring the police, “ and then I say, “You are the police,” and she says, “Then, Jasmine, you are in very serious trouble.” I love my mum, but she does drive me crazy sometimes. Her family is from Northumberland. My auntie Jane often comes down to visit and hang out. She says things like, “I’m just a big-hearted Northern lass.” We eat sausages and listen to Radio 4. “It’s better than TV because you can do things while listening,” she says. “I can watch TV and eat sausages at the same time,” I reply, “Oh, you are cheeky!” she says. My friends support and encourage me in everything I do. Ben really encourages me to write. So, that’s what I am doing now. I am writing to you, my fellow students. I hope you don’t mind me sharing my experiences, living, going to school and trying to become an adult in the greatest city in the world, London. FACT FILE chapati (also: chapatti) a flat, round South Asian bread made without yeast sari (also: saree) a dress, worn especially by women from India and Pakistan, made of a very long piece of thin cloth

Words adult [ˈædʌlt] vuxen agree [əˈɡriː] hålla med all that matters [ɔːl ðæt ˈmætəz] allt som betyder nåt be big-hearted [biː ˌbɪɡˈhɑːtɪd] ha ett stort hjärta be in trouble [biː ɪn ˈtrʌb(ə)l] vara i knipa, ha problem call out [kɔːl aʊt] ropa ut cheeky [ˈtʃiːki] näsvis decide [dɪˈsaɪd] besluta drive (someone) crazy driva (någon) [draɪv ˈkreɪzi] till vansinne encourage [ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ] uppmuntra fellow student [ˈfɛləʊ ˈstjuːd(ə)nt] studiekamrat guess [ɡɛs] gissa, anta hang out [hæŋ aʊt] umgås, spendera tid tillsammans Indian [ˈɪndɪən] indisk

inspector [ɪnˈspɛktə(r)] polisinspektör lass [læs] flicka mobster [ˈmɒbstə(r)] gangster, ligamedlem properly [ˈprɒp(ə)li] ordentligt refuse [rɪˈfjuːz] vägra Right, what’s all this then Jaha, vad är det här [raɪt wɑts ɔːl ðɪs ðɛn] nu då sausage [ˈsɒsɪdʒ] korv serious [ˈsɪəriəs] allvarlig strange [streɪndʒ] konstig support [səˈpɔːt] stöda this instant [ðɪs ˈɪnst(ə)nt] nu genast tie [taɪ] binda tough [tʌf] hård, tuff wander [ˈwɒndə(r)] vandra Wellington boot [ˈwɛlɪŋt(ə)n buːt] gummistövel worry [ˈwʌri] oroa sig

GET READY

Explore the WORDS EXERCISE 1 WHAT’S WHAT? Fill in. You can find the words in the wordlist. 1) He is __ __ __ __ __ __ __. 2) I __ __ __ __ __. I think you are right. 3) She is very __ __ __ __ __ because she works for the police. 4) He is a __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ of mine, we’re even in the same class. 5) Don’t __ __ __ __ __, be happy. 6) Are you __ __ __ __ __ __ __! Do you really mean that? 7) Come here this __ __ __ __ __ __ __! 8) He is so kind and __ __ __ - __ __ __ __ __ __ __. EXERCISE 2 DOWN AND ACROSS Solve the crossword puzzle. Across 2) uppmuntra 7) indisk 8) ordentligt 10) vuxen 11) vägra Down 1) besluta 2) förklara 3) allvarlig 4) stöda 5) näsvis 6) polisinspektör 9) gissa, anta

1 2

6 7

9 10

GET READY EXERCISE 3 PREPOSITIONS! Fill in the missing prepositions. Then translate into Swedish. 1) go back _____ India ______________________________________ 2) call _____

______________________________________

3) be _____ trouble

______________________________________

4) hang _____

______________________________________

5) listen _____ Radio 4 ______________________________________

EXERCISE 4 YOUR TURN! A)

Work in pairs. Make sentences in English in which you use the words from the crossword puzzle (Exercise 2). Each of you should come up with at least 6 sentences. You can also draw a comic strip or create a short film scene in which you use the words.

B) Choose 5 other words from the wordlist on page 11. Write five sentences in English using one new word in each of these sentences. C)

Play a game with a friend or group of friends. Choose a word from the wordlist. Then either draw a picture of it, try to act it out or explain it in English without saying the word. Your friend/s tries/try to guess your word. Each player gets a turn in choosing a word.

GET READY

Explore the TEXT EXERCISE 1 WHAT’S GOING ON? Talk with a friend. Answer the questions. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Who is Jasmine and where does she live? What does she tell us about her dad? What is the name of Jasmine’s dog? Why does the dog have that name? What does Jasmine think of the dog’s name? Why does Jasmine call her mum tough?

EXERCISE 2 WHAT? WHERE? WHEN? WHY? What is said of the following things in the text? Answer in English. 1) sari 2) Northumberland 3) hang out 4) big-hearted 5) cheeky

EXERCISE 3 LET’S TRY THIS! Translate the sentences. You can find the a) sentences in the text. 1) a) Han beslöt att han måste återvända till Indien. b) Jag beslöt att vi måste återvända hem. 2) a) Jag antar att det är det enda som har någon betydelse. b) Jag tror inte att det har någon betydelse. 3) a) Du är i allvarlig knipa. b) De var i allvarlig knipa.

GET READY 4) a) Hon gĂśr mig galen ibland. b) Ibland gjorde vi morfar galen. 5) a) Jag hoppas ni inte har nĂĽgot emot att jag delar med mig av mina erfarenheter. b) Anna delade med sig av sina erfarenheter och vi lyssnade. EXERCISE 4 ON YOUR OWN Think of some situations in your own life. When could you use the expressions in exercises 2 and 3? Choose 5 expressions and write a sentence with each in your notebook.

EXERCISE 5 SAY AGAIN? You are going to hear 5 sentences in English. After each sentence there will be a short break. Translate what you heard into Swedish and write down your answers. After the last sentence you will hear the sentences one more time but without breaks. 1) ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

2) ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

3) ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

4) ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

5) ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________ 15

GET READY

Explore the IRREGULAR VERBS EXERCISE 1 TEN VERBS Fill in the missing forms. Infinitiv (grundform)

Preteritum (2 temaformen)

Perfektparticip (3 temaformen)

Svenska

become

began

caught

chose

ha med sig

gräva done

ate

feel hitta, finna

EXERCISE 2 GAPS! Fill in the verbs in the correct forms. 1) Anna _________________ a big sister last week. (blev) 2) Have you _________________ your favourite movie star yet? (valt) 3) We haven’t _________________ looking for a new house. (börjat) 4) I _________________ my lunch. Can I have my dessert now? (åt) 5) Did you _________________ your iPod with you? (hade med) 6) The dog _________________ a hole into which I almost fell. (grävde) 7) I _________________ so happy, it’s my birthday! (känner)

GET READY 8) I’m sorry but we didn’t _________________ your keys. (hittade) 9) Hey, Dad! I _________________ a fish! (fångade) 10) Did you _________________ this? (gjorde)

EXERCISE 3 IN WRITING Use the given verbs in a sentence of your own. Write using one of the past tenses. 1) choose 2) feel 3) eat 4) begin 5) find

Explore the GRAMMAR – Do you like school? – Mostly I like it, but I don’t like getting up early in the morning. – Me neither. That really sucks. Presens (jakande, nekande, frågande)

Se s. 222

GET READY

Go beyond BLOG! The text on pages 10–11 is from Jasmine’s blog about herself and her life. 1) Imagine you were writing a blog. What would you tell about your life, your family, your friends, your hobbies? 2) What kinds of other things would you write about in your blog? 3) Go and read some blogs in English online that you think are interesting. Why do you like them? Could you have a blog like that?

This is Jasmine’s mother. What can you remember about her?

GET READY READ ON

Bus stop banter The four friends meet at the bus stop. Jasmine has a cello. Jasmine: Charlie, you are late again! Charlotte: Please don’t call me Charlie, and I am not late because the bus hasn’t arrived yet. Jasmine: It hasn’t arrived because it is stuck in traffic; everyone is going back to school. Tom: London traffic, it’s always busy no matter what time. But I bet the bus is going to be really full. I’ll help out with your cello, Jasmine. Jasmine: Thanks, Tom. I really wish I played the flute or something, dragging a cello back and forth from school, is going to be a nightmare this year, but it’s nice to be in the school band. How was your summer, Tom? Tom: It was the best! I went surfing down in Wales with my cousins, and of course there was football camp. Charlotte: I can’t wait to hear all about it! I got your texts and the pictures from Wales. It looked so great. I really wish I could have visited, but I was stuck all summer helping my mum at the salon. Jasmine: You spent the days texting, tweeting, facebooking, instagramming, and whatever else you do with your phone. The only person’s hair you cut was mine, and I don’t like it. Ben: I think it looks nice. Jasmine: Thanks. Are you looking forward to another year at school, Ben? Ben: Yep, I am looking forward to it. Jasmine: Really?

GET READY

Ben: No, I’m absolutely terrified. Last year bullies locked me in the changing room, and all year they called me Frodo. Why do they make fun of me? Tom: Well you have read The Lord of the Rings like ten times. Ben: 15. Tom: I wouldn’t brag about that if I were you, mate. Anyway, don’t worry, I’ll look after you. Ben: Thanks, Tom, but I think I should face the bullies, by myself. Tom: Like Frodo? Ben: Stop it! Tom: Sorry, mate. Charlotte: Yeah, Tom, I think Ben is very brave. Tom: Brave or stupid, just ignore them and try to keep your head down. Jasmine: He shouldn’t have to do that! You keep your head up, Ben. Ben: Now I have no idea what to do. You guys will have me walking around just nodding my head up and down. Jasmine: Here comes the bus. I wish it still was summer holidays. Charlotte: Me too! Tom: Me too! Ben: You know, I really think that maybe I won’t get bullied this year.

Words back and forth [bæk ənd fɔːθ] fram och tillbaka banter [ˈbæntə(r)] skämta, skämt be late [biː leɪt] vara sen bet [bɛt] slå vad brag [bræɡ] skryta brave [breɪv] modig bully [ˈbʊli] mobbare (också: mobba, reta) bus stop [ˈbʌsstɒp] busshållplats busy [ˈbɪzi] sysselsatt, upptagen, här: livlig camp [kæmp] läger changing room [ˈtʃeɪndʒɪŋ rʊm] omklädningsrum drag [dræɡ] dra, släpa face [feɪs] möta flute [fluːt] flöjt get bullied [ɡɛt ˈbʊlid] bli mobbad help out [hɛlp aʊt] hjälpa till

ignore [ɪɡˈnɔː(r)] strunta i, ignorera last [lɑːst] förra lock (someone) in [lɒk ɪn] låsa in (någon) look after [lʊk ˈɑːftə(r)] se efter, sköta om look forward to [lʊk ˈfɔːwəd tə] se fram emot make fun of [meɪk fʌn əv] driva med mate [meɪt] kompis nightmare [ˈnaɪtmeə(r)] mardröm no matter [nəʊ ˈmætə(r)] oberoende (av) nod [nɒd] nicka salon [ˈsælɒn] salong spend [spɛnd] spendera, tillbringa stuck [stʌk] fast terrified [ˈtɛrɪfaɪd] livrädd text [tɛkst] textmeddelande; SMSa, skicka textmeddelanden wish [wɪʃ] önska

GET READY

Explore the WORDS and the TEXT 1

EXERCISE 1 DOWN AND ACROSS Solve the crossword puzzle. Across 1) slå vad 4) strunta i 7) möta 8) modig 9) släpa 10) låsa

3 4

5 6

Down 2) livrädd 3) önska 5) nicka 6) tillbringa 8) mobbare

EXERCISE 2 WHICH EXPRESSION? Match the words in the box with the words below to form expressions from the text. Note! Use each word only once. What do the expressions mean? after and

forth forward

fun matter

of out

room stop

1) changing____________ __________________________________________________ 2) bus________________ __________________________________________________ 3) help________________ __________________________________________________ 4) look________________ __________________________________________________ 5) look________________ __________________________________________________ 6) no_________________ __________________________________________________ 7) make _______________ __________________________________________________ 8) back________________ __________________________________________________ 21

GET READY

EXERCISE 3 WHAT? WHERE? WHO? Answer the questions based on the text. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

Who are standing at the bus stop and why? What does Jasmine call a nightmare? What does Jasmine say that Charlie did all summer at her mum’s salon? Why is Ben not keen on going to school this year? What advice does Tom give to Ben? What advice does Jasmine give?

EXERCISE 4 LET’S TRY THIS! Translate into English. You can find the a) sentences/phrases in the text. 1) a) vara sen b) Ni är alltid sena.

6) a) Ser du fram emot ett nytt skolår? b) Jag ser inte fram emot något speciellt.

2) a) fast i trafiken b) Hur länge satt ni fast i trafiken?

7) a) Varför driver de med mig? b) Vi drev inte med dig.

3) a) gå tillbaka till skolan b) När går du tillbaka till skolan?

8) a) Om jag var dig skulle jag inte skryta om det. b) Vad är det okej att skryta om?

4) a) ingen skillnad b) Det är ingen skillnad vad jag gör, jag kommer alltid för sent till skolan. 5) a) spendera dagarna b) Du spenderade dagarna med att göra absolut ingenting.

GET READY

Explore the IRREGULAR VERBS EXERCISE 1

TEN VERBS

Fill in the missing forms. Infinitiv (grundform)

Preteritum (2 temaformen)

Perfektparticip (3 temaformen)

Svenska

flew forgiven went hold hålla, behålla laid left lay light förlora EXERCISE 2

PRESENT TO PAST

Rewrite the following sentences into the past tense. 1) I keep away from trouble.

I kept away from trouble.

2) The bird lays three eggs. 3) Tom lights a candle. 4) Anna leaves on Monday! 5) She loses everything she owns. 6) She flies like an eagle. 7) Mom forgives Andrew for being silly. 8) Who goes there?

GET READY

9) The hotel lies to our west. 10) She holds tight to her bag.

Explore the GRAMMAR – Were you at the cinema yesterday? – Yes, we saw the latest Bond movie. – Did you like it? – Yes, It was awesome. Preteritum (jakande, nekande, frågande)

Se s. 224

Go beyond Bullying – speak UP! Discuss with a friend or in small groups. Why do you think Ben is being bullied? How do you think Ben feels about that? Which piece of advice do you think is better? Keeping his head up or down? Why? Have you ever been bullied? Why? Have you been a bully? Why? What would you do if you heard that your friend is being bullied? What would you do if you heard that your friend is a bully? How would you try to stop bullying in your class?

PART ONE THAN

MORE WORDS LET’S EAT WARM UP: DO YOU HAVE A SWEET TOOTH?

DISCUSS IN CLASS OR WITH A PARTNER. • How do you make food? • What do you like to eat? • Is there something you cannot eat?

MORE THAN WORDS

The school’s new health plan ING LISTEPNREHENSION COM

Words health [hɛlθ] announce [əˈnaʊns] government [ˈɡʌv(ə)nˌm(ə)nt] decide [dɪˈsaɪd] finance [ˈfaɪnæns] experiment [ɪkˈspɛrɪm(ə)nt] delicious [dɪˈlɪʃəs] include [ɪnˈkluːd] on occasion [ɒn əˈkeɪʒ(ə)n] in addition [ɪn əˈdɪʃ(ə)n] possibility [ˌpɒsɪˈbɪlɪti]

inexpensive [ɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv] billig Department of Education Utbildningsstyrelsen [dɪˈpɑːtm(ə)nt əv ɛdjʊˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] keen to know [kiːn tə nəʊ] ivrig att få veta metropolitan [mɛtrəˈpɒlɪt(ə)n] huvudstadstrial [traɪəl] försök expand [ɪkˈspænd] utvidga, expandera soda [ˈsəʊdə] läsk addiction [əˈdɪkʃ(ə)n] beroende consumption [kənˈsʌmpʃ(ə)n] konsumtion crisps [krɪsps] chips encourage [ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ] uppmuntra

hälsa, här: hälsomeddela, tillkännage regering bestämma, besluta finansiera, skaffa pengar till experiment, försök läcker inkludera då och då, någon gång dessutom möjlighet

EXERCISE 1 WHAT? WHERE? WHO? Discuss with a friend. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

What is the announcement about? Where does the idea for a healthy, hot meal come from? What do the mentioned healthy meals include? Will all schools in England have the new system? What does the student council think about the plan? When will the system be in use?

EXERCISE 2 GAPS! Fill in the gaps. 1) You go to school to have an _____________________? (utbildning) 2) The opposite of expensive is _____________________. (billig) 3) We are _____________________ what happened in the headmaster’s office. (ivrig att få veta) 4) What did the principal _____________________? (tillkännage) 5) Possible things are a _____________________. (möjlighet) 26

MORE THAN WORDS 7) What do you think about our prime minister and our

_________________________? (regering)

8) You should _____________________ some actual facts and not just opinions

in your report. (ingå)

9) Do you live in the _____________________________ area or in the suburbs? (huvudstads-) 10) This _____________________ period of not eating sweets is really difficult to

carry out. (försöks-)

EXERCISE 3 DOWN AND ACROSS Solve the crossword puzzle. Across 1) chips 4) beroende 6) läcker 8) försök Down 1) konsumtion 2) läsk 3) uppmuntra 5) inkludera 7) hälsa

2 3 4

6 7

MORE THAN WORDS

Explore the GRAMMAR Ben is talking on the phone. Suddenly someone knocks on the door and he hangs up. Yesterday when Ben was listening to music in his room, the same thing happened. Pågående verbform, presens och preteritum

Se s. 231

Go Beyond What did you eat at school today? Did it taste good? If it didn’t, why? How would describe the school lunches in your school? What kind of food would you add to your school’s lunch menu? How much do you think one school lunch costs? How much would you pay for the lunch you get at school for free?

Explore FOOD ARTICLES EXERCISE 1 MATCH Match the Swedish and English words. apple bread butter cereal cheese coffee crisps cucumber cupcake

donut / doughnut egg fish granola bar ham hot chocolate ice cream juice lettuce

meat nuts omelette pineapple pizza slice porridge potato salad sandwich

soft drink/soda soup sweets tea tomato yogurt

MORE THAN WORDS 1) ost

______________________

19) läsk

2) bröd

______________________

20) myslistång ______________________

3) ägg

______________________

21) gröt

______________________

4) äpple

______________________

22) te

______________________

5) gurka

______________________

23) kaffe

______________________

6) salladsblad ______________________

24) yoghurt

______________________

7) tomat

______________________

25) flingor

______________________

8) potatis

______________________

26) kött

______________________

9) smörgås

______________________

27) fisk

______________________

10) skinka

______________________

28) glass

______________________

11) saft

______________________

29) soppa

______________________

12) muffins med glasyr_________________

30) munk

______________________

13) ananas

______________________

31) kakao/varm choklad________________

14) godis

______________________

___________________________________

15) chips

______________________

32) sallad

______________________

16) pizzabit

______________________

33) smör

______________________

17) omelett

______________________

18) nötter

______________________

MORE THAN WORDS

EXERCISE 2 FOOD ITEMS Pick and choose. In the box you can find lots and lots of different food items. Do you recognise them all? Together with a classmate or two sort the food items in the groups given. When you are done grouping the words, add 1–2 other words to each group. (Tip! Grain = sädesslag, spannmål, dairy = mjölkprodukter and spice = krydda.)

dill

honey

allspice banana poultry

bacon

biscuit

turkey

rice

chicken

pear

casserole

pie

lasagne

milk water

carrot

cookie garlic lamb

parsley orange

toast

macaroni and cheese

beef onion pasta vanilla flour grapes sausage mushroom crème fraîche pork kiwi fruit cream sweet pepper olive oil

cinnamon

pepper

DAIRY PRODUCTS

GRAIN AND BAKED GOODS

FRUITS

VEGETABLES

DRINKS

ANIMAL PRODUCTS/ MEATS

SPICES

HOT MEALS

COLD MEALS AND SNACKS

OTHER

MORE THAN WORDS EXERCISE 3 ODD ONE OUT! Which word doesn’t fit the group? Explain why. 1) apple 2) meat 3) cereal 4) bread 5) nuts 6) cream

banana fish juice sandwich fruit milk

cucumber soup hot chocolate porridge granola bar olive oil

pear omelette soft drink lettuce crisps butter

kiwi fruit ham tea ham salad cheese

EXERCISE 4 GAPS! Fill in the correct word. The (1) _________________ (lunch) at school was just awful. Tomorrow I’m taking my own (2) __________________ (mellanmål). I’m going to make a (3) _______________________ (smörgås) with (4) _______________________ (salladsblad), (5) _______________________ (tomat) and (6) slices of ________________ (ost) and (7) _______________________ (gurka). I’m also going to pack some (8) ______________ (chips) and (9) ______________ (frukter) for the afternoon. I love to drink a cup of (10) ______________________________ (kakao) in the evenings.

MORE THAN WORDS

Explore COOKING COOKING 101

BOIL

COOKING FRY one

GRILL

STEW

ROAST

STIR FRY

BAKE

WHISK

DEEP-FRY

LAYER

COOKING two

BAKING

EXERCISE 1 COOKING VERBS Look at the pictures above. Write the English words by their Swedish equivalents. 1) vispa

____________________

2) baka

____________________

3) laga mat

____________________

4) steka (i stekpanna)

____________________

5) grilla

____________________

6) fritera

____________________

7) koka

____________________

8) steka i ugnen; rosta

____________________

9) spritsa

____________________

10) lägga i lager

____________________

11) koka långsamt, puttra

____________________

12) steka/tillaga under omrörning ____________________

BAKE

PIPE

MORE THAN WORDS COOKING 102 EXERCISE 2 DO WHAT?

Making a soup

A) Look at the image about making a soup. Then write the words in English. 1) skala ___________________________ 2) skära i tärningar_____________________

3) hacka ___________________________ 4) skiva ___________________________ 5) skära ___________________________ Dice the ham and the potatoes. Slice the cucumber and cut the slices in four. Chop the parsley. Peel the egg and chop it up. Season with salt and pepper.

B) Look at the image about making a risotto. Then write the words in English. 1) bit

___________________________

2) blanda ___________________________ 3) krossa ___________________________

Making a risotto

4) krydda ___________________________ 5) tillsätta, lägga till____________________ C) Look at both images and then answer the questions in English. Making a soup 1) What should you do with the dill and green onions? 2) What should you do with the bread? 3) What should you do with the radishes? 4) What should you do with the yogurt?

Boil the rice. Cut the meat in nice chunks. Peel and crush the garlic. Add chilli. Mix all the ingredients together. Season with salt and pepper.

Making a risotto 5) What should you do with the carrots? 6) What should you do with the salt and pepper? 7) What do you need the oil for?

MORE THAN WORDS

COOKING 103 recipe ingredients

heat grate

blend salt

stir pour

mash simmer

EXERCISE 3 DO YOU KNOW? Do you know what the words in Cooking 103 mean? Find out if you don’t. Write in Swedish or explain in English.

grater blender

saucepan

stove and oven

frying pan

EXERCISE 4 TAKE ACTION Add the verbs into this recipe.

Gently (1) _____________ (hetta up) the milk. In a separate pan, gently melt the butter. (2) ____________ (lägga till) flour and (3) ________________ (koka) over low heat for a few minutes.

Once milk is hot, (4) __________________ (hälla) it a little at a time to the butter mixture. (5) _____________ (vispa) all the time. Bring mixture to the boil and (6) ______________ (röra, vispa) continuously. (7) _________________ (sjuda) for 10 minutes and (8) __________________ (krydda) to taste.

What did you make?

______________________________________ 34

MORE THAN WORDS EXERCISE 5 CUT, CHOP AND DICE! Match the word and its definition. bake blend

chop dice

fry mash

peel

1) ______________________ to cut food into small squares 2) ______________________ to remove the skin of fruit and vegetables 3) ______________________ to cut something into pieces with a knife, or other sharp instrument 4) ______________________ to cook inside an oven 5) ______________________ to cook food in hot oil or fat 6) ______________________ to mix or combine together 7) ______________________ to crush food, usually after cooking it, so that it forms a soft mass EXERCISE 6 FOR WHAT? Look at the pictures on the previous page. What do you use the tools depicted for?

MORE THAN WORDS

Go beyond WHAT TO MAKE! WHAT TO BUY! HOW TO MAKE IT! You are the chef now. You are in charge of making dinner for the class party. A) Plan your menu. It should include a starter, a main course and a dessert, perhaps some snack as well. B) Make a shopping list of what you need to buy (your ingredients). C) Write down what you need to do with your ingredients when you make dinner. D) Look at your plan and think if your dinner could be considered healthy?

PART ONE

GET SMART ACCIDENTS WILL HAPPEN FEELING

WELL & UNWELL GREAT! & OKAY.

GET SMART

Talking about my health and how I feel I feel sick. I am sick/ill. I have a runny nose. I think I am coming down with something…

Jag mår illa. Jag är sjuk. Min näsa rinner. Jag tror jag håller på att bli sjuk…

My head hurts. My ankle hurts. I have a tummy/stomach ache.

Jag har ont i huvudet. Jag har ont i vristen. Jag har ont i magen.

I fell down. I slipped.

Jag föll. Jag halkade.

How are you feeling? Do you feel hot/cold? Does it hurt?

Hur mår du? Har du varmt/kallt? Gör det ont?

I am allergic to… I cannot eat any… I have diabetes and…

Jag är allergisk mot… Jag kan inte äta… Jag har diabetes och...

Stina: Thomas: Stina: Thomas: Stina: Thomas: Stina:

Hi, Thomas, you don’t look so great today. Yeah, I think I am coming down with something. That’s a shame! What’s wrong? Well, my throat is sore and my nose is blocked. I think I have caught a cold. There is definitely a virus going round. Do you have a temperature? I haven’t taken it yet. I will when I get home. Okay, get some rest and have some hot soup.

Thomas: That pie looks great. Would you like a bit, Stina? Stina: I would love to, but what kind of pie is it? Thomas: A pecan pie. Stina: Then, unfortunately, I can’t. I am allergic to nuts. Thomas: Really? 38

GET SMART Stina: Yes, I accidently ate a peanut as a kid and was rushed to the hospital. Thomas: Are you allergic to anything else? Stina: No, but I am lactose-intolerant. Thomas: Harry: Thomas: Harry: Thomas: Harry: Thomas:

Hi, Harri, we missed you at the football practice. I know. My knee still hasn’t recovered from when I twisted it last month. Well, we were hoping you would be better for our first game. You are our best goalie, you know. I don’t know, I was thinking about hanging up my boots. I am getting old you know. No, Harry! Don’t do it! Okay, okay, I’ll come to the next practice and see how my knee feels. Great, see you then.

MEDICAL WORDS a flu a cold a headache

influensa förkylning huvudvärk

a tummy ache / a stomach ache

magont/ ont i magen

a toothache a sore throat a cough to cough

tandvärk halsont/ont i halsen hosta hosta

to have a runny nose

ha snuva

a swollen ankle svullen vrist to break bryta a broken leg brutet ben pain värk to be in pain ha ont an examination undersökning a blood test blodprov a prescription recept to prescribe skriva ut (recept) painkillers värkmedicin X-ray röntgen sick leave sjukfrånvaro, sjukledighet a cast gipsförband

to have a ha feber temperature/fever to sneeze a cut/a wound a bruise a sprain to sprain

nysa sår blåmärke stukning, vrickning, sträckning stuka, vricka, stuka, sträcka

a patient a nurse a doctor a hospital

patient sjukskötare läkare sjukhus

GET SMART

Explore the PHRASES EXERCISE 1 PERFECT MATCH! Combine the phrases that are similar. 1) My throat hurts. ___

a tummy ache.

2) Her tummy hurts. ___

doctors and nurses

3) I have to sneeze all the time. ___

fever

4) People working at a hospital. ___

a runny nose

5) I feel cold and I shiver. ___

a sore throat

EXERCISE 2 WHAT COULD IT BE? Fill in. Tip! Use the words in the wordlist on page 39. 1) Dr Smith, I cannot walk with my leg and it hurts a lot. I think I need a cast because it is __________________________. 2) Oh, don’t worry, Alice, it’s just a mild ___________________. It will heal within a week. 3) But, as you are in a lot of pain, I’ll ________________ you some ___________________________. 4) Will I get a __________________________ for them? 5) Yes, and also a one-day ____________________________ from school. Is that okay? EXERCISE 3 IN ENGLISH, PLEASE! Translate these sentences into English. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Jag har hemsk tandvärk. Jag tror du fick influensa. Du måste komma ihåg att tvätta händerna ofta för att hållas frisk. Läkaren sa till mig att min handled är svullen för att den är bruten. Tar du värkmedicin för din huvudvärk? 40

GET SMART

Speaking with healthcare professionals AT THE SCHOOL NURSE’S Alex: Mrs J: Alex: Mrs J: Alex: Mrs J: Alex: Mrs J: Alex: Mrs J: Alex:

Good afternoon, Mrs Jameson. Good afternoon. My name is Alex. What seems to be the problem, Alex? My ankle hurts a lot. Let’s have a look, dear. Roll up your trouser leg… Oh dear, Alex, what have you done to your ankle? I was playing football with the boys during recess and I guess I twisted it. Your ankle is quite swollen. I’m sure it’s nothing too serious, but just to be on the safe side go and see Doctor Smith at the clinic. Put this cold pack on your ankle for now. I’ll write a note for your teacher. Do you know where the clinic is? Yes, I’ll just get the number 29 bus. Ah, yes. You’ve hurt yourself before, you must be a little more careful. Will you be alright on the bus by yourself? Yes, thanks, I think I can manage.

AT THE DOCTOR’S Doctor: Good afternoon. I’m Doctor Smith. What seems to be the trouble? Alex: The school nurse, Mrs Jameson, sent me here. I have a swollen ankle. Doctor: Let me have a look. Does this hurt? Alex: Actually, that hurts quite a lot. Doctor: You seem to have sprained your ankle. I doubt that any bones are broken. But I’ll send you down to X-ray just in case. And then come back and I will prescribe you some painkillers. Alex: Thanks.

GET SMART

Explore the SITUATIONS EXERCISE 1 WHAT IS THE CORRECT PHRASE? Match the phrases (A–D) to the functions (1–4). A) B) C) D)

Excuse me, do you have an appointment? What seems to be the problem? How did you hurt yourself? Let me have a look.

1) To ask to see something a bit closer. ____________________________________ 2) To ask if you have a meeting.

____________________________________

3) To ask how the injury happened.

____________________________________

4) To ask what is wrong.

____________________________________

EXERCISE 2 PERFECT MATCH! Choose the correct response from Person B to what Person A says. Person A

Person B

1) What happened? – ____

Yes, you may.

2) What seems to be the problem? – ____

No, it doesn’t.

3) May I have a look? – ____

My ankle is hurting.

4) Does this hurt? – ____

Yes, I am allergic to penicillin.

5) Are you allergic to some medicine? – ____

I fell.

GET SMART EXERCISE 3 SAY IT! What would you say in the following situations? 1) 2) 3) 4)

Hälsa artigt på läkare Smith, på eftermiddagen. Fråga vad som har hänt med vristen. Säg låt mig ta en titt. Fråga vad diagnosen är?

EXERCISE 4 IN ENGLISH, PLEASE! Translate into English. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

God morgon doktor Smith. Hur kan jag hjälpa er? Det gör jätteont. Den är stukad, men inte bruten. Jag skriver ut värkmedicin åt dig.

EXERCISE 5 IN ENGLISH, PLEASE! With a partner or in small groups, create a situation in which you use the vocabulary above to make short discussions. One of you can be a doctor/parent/ friend and the other a patient. EXAMPLES: A: My head hurts, I have a headache. B: Oh no, do you need to see the doctor... A: Mum, I can’t go to school today. I think I have a fever… Mum: Hmm, let’s see... A: Oh, Jerry, where did you get that cut? Jerry: I slipped and…

GET SMART

Cultural TIP HONESTLY! One of the best qualities of Finnish people is honesty. However, during an English small talk conversation there is the possibility of being too honest. When an English person asks, “How are you?” or “How is it going?” they do not necessarily want any details. The common response is “I am well, thanks.” or “I am very well.” or “I’m good.” If you even respond with “I’m fine,” then the English listener might be worried or concerned about your well-being. In English this is just what people say. Often, it is part of the first meeting. It is a question that needs to be answered with a short positive response. There is no need to share any details of unfortunate events that have happened to you or personal feelings. Of course, English people ask each other how they are doing, but this is usually done between friends or well-known acquaintances. For example: English person: Finnish person:

How are you? Well, I missed the bus this morning so I had to walk to school, and it was raining so I got wet and now I am worried that I am going to catch a cold.

Notice how the Finnish person expresses too much. Keep the answer short and positive – and give a question to respond to. Like this: English person: How are you? Finnish person: I am great, and you? English Person: Very well, thank you. Obviously, there are exceptions to this, for example, if you are in the doctor’s office. If you are injured or in pain and a doctor, a nurse or someone who is concerned asks how you are, do answer truthfully and in detail. EXERCISE Practise with a partner, ask each other how you are and answer briefly and then ask the question back. Then pretend that one of you is a Doctor and the other is injured and answer the question “How are you?” truthfully giving details of your injury.

GET SMART BONUS EXERCISES A) The human body! Do you know the human anatomy? Label as many organs and body parts as you can.

B) Danger! Danger! Danger! Accidents will happen. What might happen and how can you avoid it? Discuss in class or with a partner.

FACT FINDER

Go beyond EMERGENCY! In groups of four think of a scene in which someone suddenly gets sick or suffers an injury; hurts an arm or a leg. Take some time to think about: - what the scene is about, - what are your roles and - what you are going to say? Try to include as much of the new vocabulary as you can. Roles can be: student, teacher, parent, doctor and, for example, nurse. The storyline should include answers to: - What has happened and why? - What does the doctor/parent/teacher/nurse say and do? - How does the patient reply? - What is the diagnosis? - What are the doctorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s orders? Have fun!

PART ONE

FACT FINDER THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND It’s not England or Britain – it’s the UK!

Meet The Family!

WARM UP:

DISCUSS IN CLASS OR WITH A PARTNER. • What things are typically British? • Do you know any famous British people? • Do you know any members of the Royal Family? • What countries make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain? 47

FACT FINDER

The United Kingdom The United Kingdom, or the UK, is officially called the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The name refers to the union of four separate nations: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom is the correct name to use when you are referring to all of these countries together. The official flag is the red, white and blue union flag or commonly known as the Union Jack. British people are people from the UK.

Scotland Scotland occupies the northern third of Great Britain. It has a mainland and also many islands. Scotland has a population of approximately 5.3 million people. The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh, but the largest city is Glasgow. In The Scottish flag, also known as the Saltire or the St Andrew’s Cross, there is a white diagonal cross on a blue background. The official language of Scotland is English. Scottish Gaelic is a Celtic language also spoken in Scotland. Did you know? The word ‘whisky’, the famous Scottish drink, comes from the Gaelic phrase ‘uisce beatha’ which means ‘water of life’!

England England is the largest country in the United Kingdom. Over 53 million people live there. London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom. Other major cities in England are Birmingham and Manchester. The official language is English. The flag of England is white with a red cross, the cross of St George, who is the national saint of England. Did you know? About 165 million cups of tea are drunk in the UK every day.

FACT FINDER

Wales About 3 million people live in Wales. Many people live in Cardiff, the largest city and capital of Wales. Other large cities are Swansea and Newport. Wales is the smallest country in the UK. It has sandy beaches and many mountains.

Northern Ireland Northern Ireland (also called Ulster) is a part of the United Kingdom with borders in the south and west to the Republic of Ireland. Belfast is the capital. The population of Northern Ireland is approximately 1.8 million.

Almost everyone speaks English in Wales and about 20 per cent of the population speak Welsh making it an officially bilingual country.

The official flag of Northern Ireland is the Union Flag. The official languages are English and Irish, or Irish Gaelic. Irish is still taught and spoken in Northern Ireland even though it’s a minority language.

St David is the patron saint of Wales. On March 1, Welsh people celebrate St David’s Day wearing a leek or a daffodil, which are symbols of Wales. The flag of Wales is a red dragon on a field of white and green.

On March 17, people all over Northern Ireland, and other parts of the world too, celebrate St Patrick’s Day. People often wear shamrocks and green clothing and take part in parades and festivals. St Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland.

Did you know? Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch is the longest place name in the UK and one of the longest in the world. It is a village on the island of Anglesey in Wales. The name is in Welsh and means St Mary’s Church in the hollow of the white hazel near the rapid whirlpool and the church of St Tysilio with a red cave.

Did you know? Potatoes are called ‘Prutties’ in Northern Ireland and a child is called a ‘Wean’.

Words approximately [əˈprɒksɪmətli] bilingual [baɪˈlɪŋɡw(ə)l] capital [ˈkæpɪt(ə)l] daffodil [ˈdæfədɪl] leek [liːk] minority [maɪˈnɒrɪti] patron saint [ˈpeɪtr(ə)n seɪnt] population [ˌpɒpjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n] shamrock [ˈʃæmrɒk]

ungefär tvåspråkig huvudstad påsklilja purjolök minoritet skyddshelgon befolkning treklöver

FACT FINDER

EXERCISE 1 FACTS! Read through the text on the previous pages and fill in the information. Country: ____________________ Population: ____________________ Area: ____________________ Language: ____________________

Country: ____________________ Population: ____________________ Area: ____________________ Languages: ____________________,

____________________

Country: ____________________ Population: ____________________ Area: ____________________ Country: ____________________ Languages: ____________________, Population: ____________________

____________________ Area: ____________________ Languages: ____________________,

____________________

FACT FINDER EXERCISE 2 WHAT COUNTRY? What country are we thinking of? 1) daffodil leek St David 2) capital red cross Birmingham 3) Ulster Union Flag Belfast 4) Glasgow whisky St Andrew

________________

EXERCISE 3 DISCUSSION What was said about the things mentioned in exercise 2? Discuss with a friend and take turns doing it.

EXERCISE 4 FIND OUT MORE Choose one country in the UK and look up some more information. Present the information to the class.

FACT FINDER

Explore THE ROYAL FAMILY PROFILE: Prince George and his family

Words

line [laɪn] throne [θroʊn] was born [wɒz bɔːn] be the centre of attention [biː ðə ˈsɛntə(r) əv əˈtɛnʃ(ə)n] village [ˈvɪlɪdʒ] engaged [ɪnˈɡeɪdʒd] marry [ˈmæri] give birth to [ɡɪv bɜːθ tə] nephew [ˈnɛfjuː] admire [ədˈmaɪə(r)] serve [sɜːv] charity [ˈtʃærɪti] unfortunately [ʌnˈfɔːtʃ(ə)nətli] heir [eə(r)] reign [reɪn] impressive [ɪmˈprɛsɪv]

här: led tron, “kungamakt” föddes, är född få all uppmärksamhet by förlovad gifta sig föda brorson beundra tjäna, tjänstgöra välgörenhet tyvärr arvinge, arvtagare regera imponerande

EXERCISE 1 WHO? WHAT? Listen and then answer the questions. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

Who is the speaker? In what year was he born? What has his father done? Mention at least two things. Where did his mother and father meet? What is the name of his uncle? Where did his uncle serve during his service with the British troops? What is his grandmother famous for? What does he say about his great-grandmother?

ING LISTEPNREHENSION COM

FACT FINDER EXERCISE 2 THE ROYAL FAMILY TREE Fill in the family tree.

The Royal Family _ _E _ _ _L_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _C_ _ _ _R_ _ _

_ _ _N_ _ _ H_ _ _ _ _

P_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _N_ _

_R_ _ _ _ A_ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _S _I_ _ _

Family members Catherine (Duchess of Cambridge) Prince Andrew Prince Charles Prince Edward Prince George Prince Harry Prince Philip Prince William Princess Anne Princess Diana Queen Elizabeth II

_ _ _ _ _E _ _R_ _

_ _ _ _C _ W_ _ _ _ _ _

_ _I_ _ _ _D_ _ _ _

_ _ _H _ _ _ _ _

P_ _ _ _ _ _ E_ _ _ _

EXERCISE 2 FIND OUT MORE Choose one member of the Royal Family and look up some more information. Present the information to the class.

PART TWO Preparing for Christmas – What will you do? Talking about Christmas traditions – What do you do over Christmas?

Exploring bad weather – Are we in trouble? Exploring weather – What is the weather like?

Talking about my hobbies – What are my hobbies? Speaking of interests – What do I like to do? Starting a conversation – How do I break the ice? Paying and receiving compliments – How can I be nice and respectful?

Getting to know England – What is special about England? Introducing William Shakespeare – Who was he and why is he important?

PART TWO

GET READY WHITE LONDON WINTER FUN

CHRISTMAS CRACKERS & PIES

GET READY

Favourite things to do at Christmas time Hello, students and classmates. It’s me, Jasmine, again. It’s raining outside, the sort of London rain that mists everything over. I am sorry to say that I’m blue, and I do not mean the colour. Now the school term is in full swing. The weeks are stretching out in front of us with no chance of escape. It might be nice to think about the holidays, Christmas holiday. Although, at our school, it is really a winter break as we have students with all sorts of religious and ethnic backgrounds. Everybody has different traditions and things they do during the winter holidays. My friend Charlie is going to visit her aunt and uncle in the Bahamas. She is telling everyone that it’s such a drag, but I know she is only complaining, so she can tell everyone that she is going to the Bahamas, and then everyone is envious. They have a Christmas tradition in the Bahamas called Junkanoo where there is big parade and thousands of people dress up. Charlie is going to be in the parade and her aunt has been working furiously on the costume. I have seen pictures of it. It is the most amazing thing ever! How she is going to dance and walk in it, I will never know. I am staying with my mum in London and my aunt is coming down from the north. I like staying in London over Christmas, but you have to go to the right

GET READY places. As we know, millions of tourists come here over Christmas and central London can get even busier than usual, with people rushing around. So, my top three things to do in London around Christmas are … 1) To go ice skating at Somerset house with Tom and Ben. Somerset house turns its grand 18th century courtyard into an ice rink and it is really beautiful. Also, Tom is a terrible ice skater and Ben is actually pretty good, so it is nice to see Ben beating Tom at a sporting activity. 2) To take a nice frosty walk with Mum and my dog Tony in Regent’s Park. I think Regent’s Park is the best park in London. You have to dress up warmly and my mum walks very quickly, but we chat and have a nice time. My mum works over Christmas, because as she says, “Criminals don’t take time off at Christmas. It’s the silly season, the busiest time of the year for Santa Claus and me.” It is hard to be a policewoman. But I love our walks at Christmas. 3) To have a nice cup of hot chocolate by a fire in a café in Greenwich with Charlie. Greenwich is one of my favourite parts of London. I think Christmas is all about having fun with friends and family. I am sure Charlie will have a great time in the Bahamas this Christmas, but I am going to miss our hot chocolate chats. Well, that’s it from me, everyone. I know there is still a long wait, but I hope everyone will have a happy holiday, wherever you are, and whatever you do. Jasmine

Words

beat [biːt] blue: be blue [biː bluː] chat [tʃæt] classmate [ˈklɑːsmeɪt] complain [kəmˈpleɪn] courtyard [ˈkɔːtjɑːd] criminal [ˈkrɪmɪn(ə)l] dress up [drɛs ʌp] envious [ˈɛnvɪəs] ethnic background [ˈɛθnɪk ˈbækɡraʊnd] frosty [ˈfrɒsti] furiously [ˈfjʊəriəsli]

vinna vara ledsen, deppig småprata; pratstund klasskamrat klaga gård, gårdsplan brottsling, kriminell klä ut sig avundsjuk etnisk bakgrund

in full swing: be in… [biː ɪn fʊl swɪŋ] it’s a drag [ɪts ə dræɡ] millions of [ˈmɪljənz əv] mist [mɪst] no chance of escape [nəʊ tʃɑːns əv ɪˈskeɪp] rush [rʌʃ] season [ˈsiːz(ə)n] stretch out [strɛtʃ aʊt] take time off [teɪk taɪm ɒf] thousands of [ˈθaʊz(ə)ndz əv] winter break [ˈwɪntə breɪk]

frostig, här: kylig ursinnigt, vilt, här: ivrigt, ihärdigt

vara i full gång det är dötrist miljontals dimma, här: täcka i dimma ingen möjlighet att fly, ingen utväg rusa, skynda här: årstid breda ut sig ta ledigt tusentals vinterlov

PART THREE THAN

MORE WORDS

WHAT’S YOUR

STYLE?

117

MORE THAN WORDS

School Uniforms – yea or nay? ING LISTEPNREHENSION COM

Words

interrupt [ˌɪntəˈrʌpt] avbryta reason [ˈriːz(ə)n] orsak annual [ˈænjuəl] årlig debate [dɪˈbeɪt] debatt school uniform [skuːl ˈjuːnɪfɔːm] skoluniform, skolklädsel rehearsal [rɪˈhɜːs(ə)l] övning, repetition library [ˈlaɪbrəri] bibliotek subject [ˈsʌbdʒɛkt/ˈsʌbdʒɪkt] ämne Board of Education Utbildningsstyrelsen [bɔːd əv ˌɛdjʊˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] strict [strɪkt] strikt, sträng proud [praʊd] stolt sense of unity [sɛns əv ˈjuːnɪti] samhörighetskänsla similar [ˈsɪmɪlə(r)] lika apparently [əˈpær(ə)ntli] tydligen smart outfit [smɑːt ˈaʊtfɪt] stilig, snygg klädsel calculate [ˈkælkjʊleɪt] räkna ut disagree [ˌdɪsəˈɡriː] vara av annan åsikt opinion [əˈpɪnjən] åsikt make a statement säga sin åsikt [meɪk ə ˈsteɪtm(ə)nt] influence [ˈɪnfluəns] påverka decide [dɪˈsaɪd] besluta promise [ˈprɒmɪs] lova whether [ˈwɛðə(r)] om

EXERCISE 1 HOW? WHAT? WHERE? WHO? 1) 2) 3) 4)

Why does Charlotte Reed interrupt the lesson? What is the debate about? What four reasons are mentioned in support of the school uniforms? Why does Charlotte Reed encourage the students to speak out and comment in the debate?

118

MORE THAN WORDS EXERCISE 2 GAPS! Fill in the gaps using words from the box. annual debate

disagree make a statement

opinion promise

proud school uniforms

subject whether

1) I want to ____________________________________ (säga min åsikt). 2) It’s time for her _____________________ (årliga) party. 3) I’m so __________________ (stolt) of you, Ann. 4) I ______________________ (håller inte med, är av annan åsikt). I think you are wrong. 5) What is your _______________________ (åsikt) on the matter? 6) I ________________________ (lovade) her that I would be there. 7) What is the _________________ (ämnet) of the ________________ (debatt)? 8) It’s ______________________ (om) we should have ____________________

_________________________ (skoluniformer) or not.

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MORE THAN WORDS

EXERCISE 3 DOWN AND ACROSS Solve the crossword puzzle.

Across 1) avbryta 3) orsak 4) klädsel 5) räkna ut 7) tydligen

Down 2) lova 3) övning 6) bibliotek

EXERCISE 4 EXPLAIN AND GUESS Chooses five (5) words in Exercise 3. Don’t tell which ones you chose to your friend. Try to explain the word without saying it. Your friend tries to guess.

EXERCISE 5 Choose five (5) words from the wordlist below and use them in a sentence. Then combine your sentences with your friend’s sentences and make a short story.

annual Board of Education debate

decide disagree interrupt

library make a statement outfit

120

promise proud rehearsal

school uniform similar

MORE THAN WORDS

Go BEYOND Uniforms or not? Discuss/debate in groups of four what you think about school uniforms. Two of you are for and two of you are against the idea of uniforms. Take a few minutes with your friend to think about what you want to say in the discussion/debate. Think of good arguments. Would you wear one? Yes or No? Why? Why not?

Explore the GRAMMAR These jeans are new. They fit wonderfully. My boots are wonderful. They were incredibly cheap too. You are an incredible friend. It feels like I’ve known you for a very long time, even though we’ve newly met! Adverb Adjektiv eller adverb? Se s. 267

121

MORE THAN WORDS

Explore FASHION EXERCISE 1 PERFECT MATCH! Match the picture with the correct word.

5 3

4 11

8 12

16 14 13

belt

cap

15 jacket socks t r i sh

hoodie

s short scarf sunglasses

T-

jeans shoes

pullover = jumper tie

underwear

shirt trousers

1) _____________________

7) _____________________

13) _____________________

2) _____________________

8) _____________________

14) _____________________

3) _____________________

9) _____________________

15) _____________________

4) _____________________

10) _____________________

16) _____________________

5) _____________________

11) _____________________

6) _____________________

12) _____________________ 122

MORE THAN WORDS EXERCISE 2 ANOTHER PERFECT MATCH! Match the English and Swedish equivalents. boot cardigan coat dress

gloves hat leggings mittens

rucksack skirt suit trainers

waistcoat high heels tracksuit bottoms wellingtons = wellies

1) gummistövlar

________________________

2) handskar

________________________

3) hatt

________________________

4) kjol

________________________

5) klänning

________________________

6) kofta

________________________

7) kostym

________________________

8) leggings, kraftiga trikåer ________________________ 9) ryggsäck

________________________

10) skor med höga klackar

________________________

11) stövel

________________________

12) träningsbyxor

________________________

13) träningsskor

________________________

14) vantar

________________________

15) väst

________________________

16) ytterjacka

________________________

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MORE THAN WORDS

EXERCISE 3 YET ANOTHER PERFECT MATCH! Here are some jewellery and accessories. Draw lines to match the English and Swedish equivalents. 1) necklace 2) bracelet 3) wallet 4) handbag 5) wristwatch 6) earrings 7) eyeglasses 8) purse

armband armbandsur börs glasögon halsband handväska plånbok örhängen

EXERCISE 4 BRITISH + AMERICAN Sometimes Americans and Brits use different words for the same thing. Confusingly, they also sometimes use the same words for different things. Match the American equivalents to the British words. Make sure you understand what the words mean. backpack change purse

pants purse

rubber boots sneakers

sweater sweatpants

In British English

In American English

1) jumper / pullover

_____________________

2) rucksack

_____________________

3) trainers

_____________________

4) trousers

_____________________

5) tracksuit bottoms

_____________________

6) pants

_____________________

7) waistcoast

_____________________

6) Wellingtons

_____________________

7) handbag

_____________________

8) purse

_____________________ 124

underpants vest

MORE THAN WORDS EXERCISE 5 WHAT? IN WHAT COLOUR? Read through the following chart.

Trousers Shirts

T-shirt Caps/hats Socks Jackets Shoes

red blue yellow white black green pink Go around in your classroom asking and looking what colour of clothing your classmates are wearing. Put an X in the correct column if he/she is wearing red jeans. Put an X in the correct column for pink if he/she is wearing pink socks. Compare your results in the end. What are the most popular colours and what are the least popular colours. EXERCISE 6 DISCUSS Discuss what kinds of clothes you like. Do you wear clothes because you like them or because they are in fashion? Do you think itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cool? What would you like to wear but Mum does not approve? What would you never wear? What colours do you like and what not?

Explore the GRAMMAR Billy works more carefully than his classmates. He also runs the fastest on the football field. This is the most perfectly done exercise I have ever seen. Adverbens komparation Se s. 272

125

PART THREE

GET SMART READY, SET, TALK! How do I What d start? o I say? Is silen ce gold en?

LET’S MINGLE BREAK THE ICE AND KEEP GOING!

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GET SMART

Making small talk Starting a small talk conversation Hi! Hello! Good morning! Good afternoon! Good evening! How are you? How do you do? How are you doing? I’m fine. I’m doing just fine. Thank you for asking.

Giving feedback That’s great! Oh no! Really… and what about…? Are you pulling my leg…? And what about…?

Ending a small talk conversation It was so nice talking to you! Take care! Have a nice day! See you soon! E-mail me… Text me… Bye! Goodbye!

Introducing a new topic I wonder… I was thinking… Do you think… What do you think… How has the weather been? How do you feel about… Did you see the article… Did you read the… Did you see the news… I heard about that and what do you think….

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GET SMART Jill: Good morning, Robert. Robert: Nice to see you, Jill. How are you? Jill: I am great, and you? Robert: Really good. It is lovely out with the sun shining. Jill: Yes, and not too cold. Robert: Not at all. Anyway, must dash. Lovely to see you, have a great day. Jill: Thanks, and you.

Bill: Alan: Bill: Alan: Bill: Alan: Bill: Alan: Bill:

Hello, Alan. How is everything? Everything is fine. You? Canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t complain. Are you busy next Thursday? No. Why, what do you have in mind? Do you think we could get a game of squash in? Absolutely. I will text you to confirm the time and court booking. Around six? Sounds great, Bill. Have a nice day! You too, Alan.

Jack: Jill: Jack: Jill: Jack: Jill: Jack: Jill:

Hi, Jill, good morning. Hi, Jack. How are you? Fine thanks, and you? I am well, thanks for asking. Do you fancy going for a hike? Sure, would you like to hike up that hill? Sounds great, I think there is an old well at the top. Great, but it looks a bit slippery, so we should be careful on the way down. Oh Jack, you worry too much.

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GET SMART

Explore the PHRASES EXERCISE 1 PERFECT MATCH Combine the phrases that are a good match. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Hello! How are you? How are you doing? See you soon! Bye!

A) I’m doing great! B) Goodbye! C) See you. D) I’m fine. E) Hi!

EXERCISE 2 FILL IN THE GAPS 1) Good afternoon, Mrs Bright, _______________________________________ today? (hur mår ni) 2) Oh, little Anna, I am _____________________. (jag mår fint) 3) ____________________________________, you sweet girl. (tackar som frågar) 4) ___________________________ about the new TV show, Mrs Bright? They will be filming right

here in our neighbourhood. (hörde du)

5) Oh, yes. That will be very exciting indeed. ___________________________ they will make some

changes around here? (tror du)

EXERCISE 3 IN YOUR OWN WORDS Translate these sentences and phrases into English. Then have a short chat with your friend using these phrases. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

God morgon, mamma! God morgon, raring/älskling. Har du sovit gott? Helt ok, antar jag. Men jag känner mig fortfarande trött. Jag gör en snabb frukost till dig medan du gör dig klar för skolan. Ok? Tack mamma, du är bäst.

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GET SMART

Conversations: Small talk CONVERSATION AT A HOUSEWARMING Johanna has been invited to a housewarming party and a lot of the guests are from other countries.

CONVERSATIONS AT A WEDDING Tina has been invited to a wedding, an international wedding, and is sitting at her table. Guest at her table (Barb): Hello, I’m Barb. Did you enjoy the ceremony? Tina: Yes, thank you. It was very nice. I’m Tina. Barb: Nice to meet you. How do you know the happy couple? Tina: Oh, my mum is a colleague of the groom. We have met a few times. He has always been very nice, and you, how do you know them? Barb: The groom is my nephew. John’s mother is my big sister, and this is my husband, Ron. Ron: How do you do? Are you enjoying the fish? Tina: How do you do. Yes, thank you. How is the chicken? Ron: To be perfectly honest, it is a little dry. Tina: I am sorry to hear that. Barb: Don’t be silly, Ron, I think the chicken is just fine.

Tom: Hi, so what do you think of our new place? Johanna: It’s great, so close to the centre, but it seems so quiet and you have a garden, too! Do you like to garden? Tom: Yes, I am looking forward to getting my hands dirty. I am Tom, by the way. You must be Johanna. You‘re friends with Susanne, aren’t you? Johanna: That’s me. Tom: Cool. Would you like some punch? Also, Susanne has made some of her famous pasta salad. Johanna: Sure, looks great what’s in it? Tom: It is Susanne’s secret recipe. You are not allergic to fish eyes, are you? Johanna: I guess not... Tom: Just kidding, it doesn’t have any fish eyes in it. Oh, there’s my good friend Mike. Let me introduce you two. Mike, this is Johanna, Susanne’s good friend. Mike: Hi, Johanna, are you having a good time? Tom can always change the music if you like, he is really into his retro 80s stuff. I think he is a little too into it. Johanna: No, I like the music, and I am having fun. Mike: Glad to hear it! Have some pasta salad, it’s great.

Words groom [ɡruːm] brudgum housewarming party inflyttningsfest [ˈhaʊswɔːmɪŋ ˈpɑːti] punch [pʌntʃ] bål to be perfectly honest om jag ska vara [tə biː ˈpɜːfɛktli ˈɒnɪst] riktigt ärlig nephew [ˈnɛfjuː] brorson, systerson

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GET SMART

Explore the SITUATIONS EXERCISE 1 PERFECT MATCH Match Person what person A says to person B. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

Hello, I’m... How do you do? How are you doing? You must be Johanna Nice to meet you. Would you like some hors d’oeuvres.

A) B) C) D) E) F)

I’m fine, thank you for asking. That’s me. Likewise, nice to meet you. Yes, I’d love some, thank you. Hi, I’m... How do you do.

EXERCISE 2 IN ENGLISH, PLEASE! Translate into English. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Det skulle vara toppen! Ditt namn låter bekant. Nära centrum. Låt mig presentera er för varann. Larva dig inte./Var inte dum.

EXERCISE 3 DISCUSS! Discuss with your friend. Read through the conversations on page 131. What kinds of different situations do they represent? What kind of invitation do you expect to have for a wedding, a housewarming party and an art exhibition? What kind of people would you meet at these events? What kind of small talk is used in these conversations? What kind of dress code do you think the parties would have? Discuss in English, please.

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GET SMART

Cultural TIPS KEEPING THE CONVERSATION GOING In Finland silence is often seen as a sign of respect. Unfortunately, in the English-speaking world, silence in a small talk conversation is seen as a sign of disinterest, arrogance or antisocial behaviour. The English speaker starts to think “Why aren’t they talking to me, they must not like me.” There are several techniques that you can use in a small talk conversation, to keep the conversation going and avoid awkward silences. TECHNIQUE 1: TAG QUESTION You can tag a statement at the end to turn that statement into a question, which in turn involves the other speaker. The statement “It’s a nice day.” does not necessarily need a response, however, “It’s a nice day, isn’t it?” forces the other speaker to respond. Again, the statement “We missed the bus.” does not necessarily need a response, however. “We didn’t miss the bus, did we?” does force the other speaker to respond. The technique is fairly simple. You take a positive statement and tag it with a negative question. Or you take a negative statement and tag it with a positive question. And all you have to do is follow the grammar presented in the statement. You have a garden. = You have a garden, haven’t you? He plays ice hockey = He plays ice hockey, doesn’t he? We will be late = We will be late, won’t we? It is a nice day. = It is a nice day, isn’t it? And with negative sentences the model is: You don’t like pasta salad. = You don’t like pasta salad, do you? You haven’t got a garden. = You haven’t got a garden, have you? We won’t be late. = We won’t be late, will we? EXERCISE Practise turning statements into questions with a partner! See if you can come up with ten positive and negative sentences and turn them into questions your partner needs to answer.

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TECHNIQUE 2: AVOID ONE-WORD ANSWERS. It would be easy to answer question with just one word. However, it easily leads to awkward silences, and soon makes both the questioner and the person who answers uncomfortable, and it certainly doesn’t lead to an equal and enjoyable conversation. Take this bit from conversations at a housewarming party as an example. Tom: Hi, so what do you think of our new place? Johanna: Nice. Tom: I am Tom, by the way. You must be Johanna. You‘re friends with Susanne, aren’t you? Johanna: Yes. Tom: Cool. Would you like some punch? Johanna: No. Tom: Oh. There’s my good friend Mike. Let me introduce you two. Mike, this is Johanna, Susanne’s good friend. Mike: Hi, Johanna. Are you having a good time? Johanna: Yes. As you see in this version of the conversation Johanna is not adding anything to the conversation and you really don’t believe that she is having a good time at the end of the conversation. This is because she is only answering with one word and the conversation soon becomes very one-sided. However, this is easily fixed. Johanna just adds a little bit more to her answers and doesn’t just answer but also adds something. Look at the conversation after Johanna adds to her answers. Tom: Hi! So, what do you think of our new place? Johanna: Nice, I love the garden. Tom: Thanks, I am looking forward to getting my hands dirty? I am Tom, by the way. You must be Johanna. You‘re friends with Susanne, aren’t you? Johanna: Yes. Susanne and I met at camp a few years ago. Tom: Cool. She mentioned how you both had an awful time. Johanna: Yeah. It rained the whole week. It was also really cold. But Susanne was a blast. She’s great. Tom: Well, I think so. Would you like some punch? Johanna: Not right now, thank you, but it looks really interesting.

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GET SMART As you can see the conversation becomes much more open and it is no longer like an interview but more of an equal conversation. EXERCISE With a partner, try not to answer these questions with one word only. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

Where are you from? Do you like Finland? What is your favourite subject at school? What is your favourite food? What do you do after school? What do you like to do at the weekends?

Come up with more questions and answer them with more than one word. Have a conversation and have fun with it.

Explore the GRAMMAR They have bought a new car, haven’t they? They paid cash, didn’t they? They are quite rich, aren’t they? Frågepåhäng (Question tags) Se s. 287

135

GRAMMAR

Innehåll 1 Verb .................................................................................................222 1.1 Tempusformer - en översikt...............................................................................222 1.2 Presens................................................................................................................222 1.2.1 Jakande presens...............................................................................................................................................................222 1.2.2 Nekande och frågande presens.............................................................................................................................223 1.3 Preteritum...........................................................................................................224 1.3.1 Preteritum av regelbundna verb............................................................................................................................225 1.3.2 Nekande och frågande preteritum......................................................................................................................227 1.3.3 Preteritum av oregelbundna verb.........................................................................................................................230 1.4 Pågående verbform.........................................................................................231 1.4.1 Pågående presens...........................................................................................................................................................231 1.4.2 Pågående preteritum....................................................................................................................................................232 1.5 Perfekt................................................................................................................233 1.5.1 Jakande perfekt................................................................................................................................................................233 1.5.2 Nekande och frågande perfekt...............................................................................................................................233 1.6 Pluskvamperfekt................................................................................................234 1.6.1 Jakande pluskvamperfekt..........................................................................................................................................234 1.6.2 Nekande och frågande pluskvamperfekt.........................................................................................................234 1.6.3 Pågående perfekt och pluskvamperfekt...........................................................................................................235 1.7 Futurum..............................................................................................................236 A) will / shall (ren futurum)....................................................................................................................................................236 B) be going to (planerad framtid).....................................................................................................................................237 1.8 Modala hjälpverb...............................................................................................238 1.8.1 Can, could, be able to...................................................................................................................................................238 1.8.2 Must, have to......................................................................................................................................................................240 1.9 Villkorsbisatser...................................................................................................241

2 Substantiv.........................................................................................243 2.1 Singularis och pluralis........................................................................................243 2.2 Oregelbunden pluralisbildning.........................................................................244 2.3 Genitiv (ägare)....................................................................................................245 2.4 Artiklar................................................................................................................248

220

GRAMMAR

3 Pronomen.........................................................................................248 3.1 Indefinita pronomen..........................................................................................248 3.1.1 Some – any – no .............................................................................................................................................................248 3.1.2 Every – all – each ............................................................................................................................................................251 3.2 Relativa pronomen.............................................................................................253 3.3 Possessiva pronomen.........................................................................................256 3.4 Own ...................................................................................................................258 3.5 Reflexiva pronomen ..........................................................................................259 3.6 Demonstrativa pronomen..................................................................................262

4 Adjektiv och adverb.........................................................................263 4.1 Adjektivens komparation..................................................................................263 4.2 Adverb................................................................................................................267 4.3 Adjektiv eller adverb?........................................................................................268 4.4 Adverbens komparation....................................................................................272 4.5 Nationalitetsord.................................................................................................273

5 Prepositioner....................................................................................275 5.1 Rumsprepositioner.............................................................................................275 5.2 Tidsprepositioner...............................................................................................277 5.3 Övriga prepositioner..........................................................................................279

6 Grammar Plus...................................................................................282 6.1 There is, there are...............................................................................................282 6.2 Formellt subjekt.................................................................................................283 6.3 Ordföljd..............................................................................................................284 6.4 Tidsadverbialens placering................................................................................286 6.5 Frågepåhäng (question tags).............................................................................287 6.6 Uttryck av mängd...............................................................................................288

221

GRAMMAR

1 Verb 1.1 Tempusformer – en översikt DÅTID NUTID pluskvamperfekt perfekt preteritum presens They had won Bill has played Bill played golf. Bill plays football. the game. in the team.

FRAMTID futurum Bill will play the flute.

Bill played Bill was playing Bill plays Bill is playing enkelt pågående enkelt pågående preteritum preteritum presens presens I vanlig text blandar man inte tempus hur som helst utan man kombinerar A) presens med perfekt: Aunt Mary is my favourite aunt. She has been at our house several times this year. Everybody seems happy when she is around. She has told about her many journeys around the world. B)

preteritum med pluskvamperfekt:

They saw a little fox in the forest the other day. It had lost its parents and seemed completely unhappy. They took in the little animal and talked to it until it had calmed down.

1.2 Presens 1.2.1 Jakande presens I come home from school by bus. Peter works hard on his homework. We are the champions! We live in Finland.

Jag kommer hem från skolan med buss. Peter arbetar hårt med sina läxor. Vi är mästarna! Vi bor i Finland.

KOMMER DU IHÅG REGELN? Presens = infinitiv (grundform), infinitiv + -s i personerna: _______, _______, ______

222

GRAMMAR

1.5 Perfekt 1.5.1 Jakande perfekt Sometimes I have come home with good grades. Bill has worked hard to get good grades, too. We have lived in Finland for 10 years.

Ibland har jag kommit hem med fina vitsord. Bill har arbetat hårt för att också få fina vitsord. Vi har bott i Finland i tio år.

KOMMER DU IHÅG REGELN? Perfekt bildas med hjälpverbet _______/_______ + huvudverbet i perfektparticip. Perfektparticip = ändelsen _________ av regelbundna verb eller _________ temaformen av oregelbundna verb. Regelbundna verb have + ask + -ed have asked have + study + -ed have studied

Oregelbundna verb buy, bought, bought have bought go, went, gone have gone

1.5.2 Nekande och frågande perfekt Peter has not lived in Germany. Has he lived anywhere else?

Peter har inte bott i Tyskland. Har han bott någon annanstans?

KOMMER DU IHÅG REGELN? I nekande och frågande satser i perfekt upprepas hjälpverbet ______ eller _______.

EXERCISE 1 ÖVERSÄTT TILL ENGELSKA. 1) Sue har köpt några böcker om djur. __________________________________________________________________________ 2) Vi har alla läst dem. __________________________________________________________________________

233

GRAMMAR 3) Har du sett det stora huset därborta? __________________________________________________________________________ 4) Herr Blake har målat det rött men han har inte haft tillräckligt med färg. __________________________________________________________________________

1.6 Pluskvamperfekt 1.6.1 Jakande pluskvamperfekt Bill had come home in time before dinner. He had worked late that evening, as usual. We had lived in Germany for two years before we moved to Finland.

Bill hade kommit hem i tid före middagen. Han hade jobbat sent den kvällen, som vanligt. Vi hade bott i Tyskland i två år innan vi flyttade till Finland.

KOMMER DU IHÅG REGELN? Pluskvamperfekt bildas med hjälpverbet _______ + huvudverbet i perfektparticip Perfektparticip = ändelsen _________ av regelbundna verb eller _________ temaformen av oregelbundna verb. Regelbundna verb had + ask + -ed had asked had + study + -ed had studied

Oregelbundna verb buy, bought, bought had bought go, went, gone had gone

1.6.2 Nekande och frågande pluskvamperfekt Peter had not lived anywhere else either. Had he wanted to?

Peter hade inte bott någon annanstans heller. Han han velat det?

KOMMER DU IHÅG REGELN? I nekande och frågande satser i pluskvamperfekt upprepas hjälpverbet ______.

234

GRAMMAR EXERCISE 1 ÖVERSÄTT TILL ENGELSKA. 1) Vågorna hade varit väldigt höga när ubåten sjönk. __________________________________________________________________________ 2) Några fiskare hade hört ett brak. __________________________________________________________________________ 3) Hade ni alla köpt era biljetter i förväg (=in advance)? __________________________________________________________________________

1.6.3 Pågående perfekt och pluskvamperfekt A) Pågående perfekt She has been speaking.

Hon har (hållit på och) talat.

B) Pågående pluskvamperfekt She had been speaking.

Hon hade (hållit på och) talat.

Pågående perfekt uttrycker vad som har hållit på ett tag och fortfarande håller på: I have been working in Finland for 15 years. Jag har arbetat i Finland i 15 år. Pågående pluskvamperfekt uttrycker förfluten tid, d.v.s. vad som hade pågått under en viss tid: I had been living in Finland for many years Jag hade bott i Finland i många år before I moved to Sweden. före jag flyttade till Sverige. Obs! I svenskan syns inte alltid den pågående formen, medan engelskan alltid uttrycker pågående form med ändelsen -ing. EXERCISE 1 ÖVERSÄTT. 1) Han hade arbetat i flera timmar när jag ringde honom. __________________________________________________________________________ 2) Jag har bott i Finland i fem år. __________________________________________________________________________

235

GRAMMAR 3) Alice har skrivit brev hela morgonen. __________________________________________________________________________ 4) Vad har du gjort hela morgonen? __________________________________________________________________________

1.7 Futurum A) will / shall (ren futurum) Hurry up, or you will be late for practice! Skynda dig så du inte kommer för sent till träningarna. The weather presenter said it will rain tomorrow. Väderpresentatören sade att det kommer att regna i morgon. What shall I do for you? Vad skall jag göra för dig? Shall we lay the table? Skall vi duka bordet?

KOMMER DU IHÅG REGELN? will / shall + grundform = _____________________________ Shall och will anger ren futurum, d.v.s. enbart tid. Båda förkortas ’ll: I’ll, they’ll. Will kan användas i alla personer. Shall används i 1 person sing (I) och 1 person plur (we) främst när det gäller ett erbjudande. Nekande former: shall not = shan’t will not = won’t

Svenskan använder ofta presens fastän engelskan har futurum: When will you call me? I’ll be back in a minute. He’ll be six in June.

När ringer du till mig? Jag är tillbaka om ett ögonblick. Han fyller sex i juni.

236

GRAMMAR B) be going to (planerad framtid) They are going to play football on Monday. De tänker spela fotboll på måndag. I am going to visit Aunt Liz in London. Jag har för avsikt/tänker att besöka tant Liz i London. KOMMER DU IHÅG REGELN? be going to + grundform = ___________________________

Be going to anger planerad framtid; något man planerar, tänker, ämnar eller har för avsikt att göra. Obs! verbet be böjs enligt person: I we, you, they he, she, it

am going to are going to is going to

sing walk play

EXERCISE 1 FYLL I RÄTT FORM AV FUTURUM (SHALL, WILL ELLER BE GOING TO) 1) Our timetable ____________________________ (kommer att) change after this period. 2) I ____________________________ (tänker) study hard to get good grades. 3) In the summer my friend and I ____________________________ (tänker, har för avsikt) read the

whole trilogy again.

4) ____________________________ (skall) we do the shopping for you, Mrs Smith? 5) We ____________________________ (kommer att) have our holidays in London next summer. 6) I hope we ____________________________ (kommer att) see the Queen. 7) But we ____________________________ see Lord Nelson, he is under restoration.

237

GRAMMAR EXERCISE 2 ÖVERSÄTT TILL ENGELSKA. 1) Vad tänker du göra nästa vecka? __________________________________________________________________________ 2) Jag kommer inte att ha tid att träffa dig. __________________________________________________________________________ 3) I morgon tänker jag jobba hårt hela dagen. __________________________________________________________________________ 4) Sen tänker jag gå ut och jogga i skogen. __________________________________________________________________________ 5) Det står i tidningen att det kommer att bli varmt i morgon. __________________________________________________________________________ 6) Den arabiska hingsten är snabbast i tävlingen, den kommer att vinna. __________________________________________________________________________ 7) Skall jag duka bordet medan du lagar maten? __________________________________________________________________________

1.8 Modala hjälpverb 1.8.1 Can, could, be able to Can you come? No, I can’t. I couldn’t help him. Could you give me a hand? She hasn’t been able to visit us for a long time.

Kan du komma? Nej, det kan jag inte. Jag kunde inte hjälpa honom. Skulle du kunna hjälpa mig. Hon har inte kunnat besöka oss på en lång tid.

238

GRAMMAR Can (=kan) används endast i presens. Could (=kunde, skulle kunna) kan användas i preteritum. Be able to (=kunna, förmå) kan användas i alla tidsformer. Infinitiv

Presens

Preteritum Particip

kunna

kan

kunde

(har/hade) kunnat

to be able to

can

could

been able to

cannot could not can’t couldn’t

am able to

was able to

Obs! Kan som huvudverb = know jämför: Do you know English? Kan du engelska? Can you speak English? Kan du prata engelska? EXERCISE 1 ÄNDRA FÖLJANDE MENINGAR TILL PRETERITUM, PERFEKT, PLUSKVAMPERFEKT OCH FUTURUM. 1) 2) 3) 4)

They can’t avoid trouble. We can be quiet. You cannot forbid me. Can he pack his suitcase? preteritum

perfekt

pluskvamperfekt

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futurum

GRAMMAR 1.8.2 Must, have to I must/have to go now. We will have to buy a dog. They had to leave.

Jag måste gå nu. Vi kommer att bli tvungna att köpa en hund. De var tvungna att åka.

Must (=måste) används nästan enbart i presens. Have to (=vara tvungen) används i övriga tidsformer. Infinitiv

Presens

Preteritum Particip

vara tvungen

måste

var tvungen

varit tvungen

have to

must

had to

have/has had to

had had to EXERCISE 1 ÄNDRA FÖLJANDE MENINGAR TILL IMPERFEKT, PERFEKT, PLUSKVAMPER FEKT OCH FUTURUM. 1) 2) 3) 4)

We must go at once. He does not have to accept the truth. Must they go by bus? I have to listen carefully. preteritum

perfekt

pluskvamperfekt

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futurum

GRAMMAR EXERCISE 2 BLANDADE MODALA HJÄLPVERB (CAN, COULD, BE ABLE TO, MUST, HAVE TO). KOMPLETTERA MENINGARNA. 1) I _____________________ understand where you are coming from. (kan) 2) Somebody _____________________ go by bus. (var tvungen) 3) We __________________________ be there on time. (måste) 4) My grandmother has never _____________________________ understand the youth. (kunnat) 5) I’m so happy I _____________________ cry. (skulle kunna) 6) We will _____________________ take the early train. (bli tvunga) 7) She _____________________ sleep last night. (kunde inte) 8) We __________________________ hear what tou are saying. (kan inte) 9) Yesterday he _____________________ wake up early. (var tvungen) 10) They will _____________________ go by themselves. (vara tvungna) 11) You have never _______________________________ forgive me. (kunnat) 12) We had _____________________ finish our homework before five o’clock. (varit tvungan) 13) She _____________________ many songs by heart. (kan) 14) ___________________________ how to cook? (kan)

1.9 Villkorsbisatser If you leave me, I will cry. They will laugh, if the joke is funny.

Om du lämnar mig kommer jag att gråta. De kommer att skratta om skämtet är roligt.

Villkorsbisatser inleds med if och kallas därför ibland även if-satser. Verben följer mönstret: IF-SATSEN HUVUDSATSEN verbet i presens verbet i futurum (shall/will) If you leave me I will cry OBS! Aldrig will i if-satsen! 241

GRAMMAR EXERCISE 1 KOMBINERA HÖGER OCH VÄNSTER KOLUMN PÅ ETT VETTIGT SÄTT. 1) if you fall 2) if she gets a 10 in the test 3) she will be sad 4) we will be inside 5) if you tell anyody 6) you will get there fast 7) if I win 8) if I fail 9) he won’t be angry 10) if you can’t do it

A) B) C) D) E) F) G) H) I) J)

if he lies I’ll be very angry if you don’t tease him she will get 20 euros we will help you I will get a medal I will get another chance if it rains if you go by plane I will catch you

EXERCISE 2 KOMPLETTERA MENINGARNA. 1) Will you buy something for me if you ________________ to town? (go) 2) She will be late if she ________________ all the way. (walk) 3) If he ________________ to Finland in June, we’ll show him the Midnight Sun. (come) 4) I ______________________ you if you need me. (help) 5) If you don’t tease him, he _________________________ angry. (be, not)

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