Typology of Stigma

typology of STIGMA

typology of STIGMA Silvia Flor Quiroz-Perez AAE 789 - HD Studio Fall 2018

The current typologies of shelters fail to acclimate the homeless into society and perpetuate social sঞgma. A diverse populaঞon requires alternaঞve means of shelter and environments. By integraঞng the hospitality mindset with urban theories of design we can create places which will be er serve our society.

- Silvia Flor Quiroz-Perez

abstract When people think about helping the homeless they do not immediately think about architecture. Architecture reflects social a tudes, aspira ons and values. In order to begin shaping the views of society the typology of shelters needs to evolve.

This study revolves around the homeless des tu on in the Las Vegas area, regarding its causes, affected groups and the interven ons used by designers, architects and the ci es with their partner agencies and how it is addressed. Homelessness most o en results from adverse life events, coupled with architectural condi ons that put individuals and families in financially vulnerable situa ons.

Shelters and public health clinics tend to be s gma zed. This is seen throughout our social construct and is reflec ve in architecture.

The current response to homelessness by society is to create laws which drive the homeless popula on out of “profitable” real estate and commerce. This response is best seen in the Las Vegas strip and creates an “invisible” popula on which has grown enough for the city to try and contain its spread through the valley. These societal s gmas on shelters and homelessness have created a “corridor” north of the strip where the homeless popula on has se led. The city’s “solu on” is to create a campus to contain the spread of the homeless popula on, keeping it out of the publics view and maintaining this part of society “invisible”.

In order to address this s gma and help individuals out of homelessness, the architecture and environment in which these shelters reside must be tailored to the different groups affected by homelessness. The current architectural typologies of these buildings and sites perpetuate s gma and isolate the homeless popula on from opportuni es available to the general popula on.

Applying the hospitality mind-set with urban theories of design can create places which will be er serve our community and begin de-s gma zing shelters.

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preface This study begins with an analysis of the proposed site and campus of what is being called the “Corridor of Hope” in Las Vegas. Followed by an analysis of “Haven for Hope” in Texas which is a built campus that is being used as a model for what the “Corridor of Hope” will become.

This base analysis of the proposed campus will be used to compare and contrast with other typologies of shelters that exist.

In order to be er understand the homeless popula on in and around the Las Vegas valley, an ini al demographic analysis is done, followed by a geographical and ethnographic study. This study allows for a be er understanding of the diverse types of homeless situa ons and sets a framework for understanding what the needs are of each type of homeless in the Vegas valley.

Shelter typologies and their sites are analyzed to understand wether they fully accommodate the diverse popula ons within the homeless community and wether they perpetuate social s gma. The program ra os, spa al rela ons, materiality, color and other urban theories of design will be used to analyze these typologies. This analysis will facilitate a comparison between typologies and of “Haven for Hope”.

Once there is a be er understanding of the current accommoda ons and of the different groups in the homeless community, the Las Vegas area can be analyzed and compared to the areas from all the shelters studied. This is an a empt to be er understand the demographics of Las Vegas and why exis ng shelters, health clinics, and government housing are located in specific areas. This analysis will begin to answer wether these loca ons are the most beneficial for society and wether the s gma of shelters can be be er addressed by, placing them in areas that may have been socially unacceptable, a change of site and/ or architectural layout, etc.

From the studies conducted, the typologies that were the most successful will begin to inform what type of program, sites, and size of shelters work best. But also show, what accommoda ons are needed to be er serve the diversity in the homeless popula on allowing for different typologies of shelters to be formed to improve and de-s gma ze shelters.

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[01]

8

table of contents 4

ABSTRACT & PREFACE

8 ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED SOLUTION 10

proposed campus location

16

proposed shelter typology

24

THE HOMELESS

26

homeless

34

combating homelessness

48

SHELTER TYPOLOGIES

50

the goal of shelters

56

shelter case studies

94 ANALYSIS OF THE VEGAS VALLEY 96

overview of the valley

106

PLACES FOR ACCLIMATION

108

selected sites

126 SPECIALIZED SHELTER TYPOLOGY 128

evolving out of stigma

136

implementation of program

162

conclusion

164

resources

9

I

10

analysis of proposed solution

[02]

11

Proposed campus location The ‘Corridor of Hope’ is in an underdeveloped area that is essentially a commercial dead-zone. Most of the commuters in the area live near by or on the streets. Most of the homeless population in Las Vegas have set up camp on Foremaster Lane, north of Downtown Las Vegas, near branches of the Salvation Army Catholic Charities. Instead of removing the encampment, city officials are looking to make the homeless encampment on Foremaster Lane slightly more permanent by providing health facilities and services to homeless people. The project’s focus on providing mental health and health services to the homeless stems from homelessness perpetuated by the lack of services.

12

[03]

13

1/2 bed per homeless

[04]

Average rent for a 2 bedroom is ~$750 - $1000 [04]

POINTS OF INTEREST The most visited sites for people outside of the neighborhood are the cemetery and the Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort, all within a ten minute walk from the Corridor of Hope.

Attractions

Government

Charities

Parks and Sports Fields

[05]

HW

Y1

5

Richard Walpole Sr. Ciঞzens Park

E OWENS AVE.

The Salvaঞon Army The Salvaঞon Army Family Services

Lied Dining Facility Catholic Chariঞes CARE Complex

FOREMASTER LN.

Palm Downtown Mortuary & Cemetery

Transportaঞon Department Samaritan House

Woodlawn Cemetery

Courtyard (SN CHIPs)

N LAS VEGAS BLVD.

NM

AIN

ST.

Renaissance Apartments at HELP Las Vegas Plaza

St. Vincent HELP Apartments

Bunkers Eden Vale Memorial Park

Grant Sawyer State OLce Building

Fantasy Park

Lions Memorial Park

E WASHINGTON AVE. 14

Las Vegas Natural History Museum Heritage Park

Cashman Field

HW

Y1

5

[06]

E OWENS AVE.

N LAS VEGAS BLVD.

NM

AIN

ST.

FOREMASTER LN.

E WASHINGTON AVE.

current site conditions HOMELESS ENCAMPMENTS Foremaster Lane is where the majority of the homeless population resides, the next largest conglomeration of homeless is under the freeway, the rest of the homeless tend to live in parks and under bridges.

SHELTERS IN THE AREA There is an abundance of single story homes, with apartment complexes sprinkled in between.

Apartments, Condominiums, Single-Family, MultiFamily, and finally some Shelters.

EMPTY LOTS This area is largely underdeveloped with very little economic opportunities for the homeless. Large plots of land have not been developed, there are several buildings surrounding these lots that are vacant.

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MEDIAN INCOME Income for this area is near the poverty level.

~$17,200 [04]

MEDIAN AGE The median age for this area is 35 years. The majority of the population in this area consists of adults.

3% Other 3% Asian 13% Black 21% Hispanic

35

60% White

10-

30’s

60+ [04]

TRANSPORTATION There are a few means of transportation via bus, there are not however any bicycle lanes.

CRIME RATES There are no violent crimes reported in the vicinity. There are a couple of robberies and minor offenses.

POPULATION Around fifty-eight percent of the population is male and a majority of the population is Caucasian.

EDUCATION LEVEL Over half of the population in this area has a high school degree or equivalent.

16

HW

Y1

5

[07]

E OWENS AVE.

NM

AIN

ST.

N LAS VEGAS BLVD.

FOREMASTER LN.

E WASHINGTON AVE.

Walking Distance

Public Transporta on

63

42%

17 thousand

%

2

%

8

%

58%

24 thousand [04]

Professional or Graduate Bachelor’s Highschool or Higher Degree or Degree Higher 17

Proposed shelter typology One of the most influential case studies for the Corridor of Hope, which is being closely examined to redevelop the area is ‘Haven for Hope’. A transformational campus for the homeless in downtown San Antonio, Texas. This 22-acre site, sits on a former industrial park with six existing warehouses, located near critical resources such as a hospital, a medical detox facility, and public transportation. The aim for this project was to create public spaces akin to a campus. [05] Three new structures were added, increasing the total to 300,000 square feet of interior space. The buildings accommodate diverse functions including housing, meal service, job-training sessions, delivery of medical care, educational programs, and behavioral health services.

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[01]

19

MEDIAN AGE The median age for this area is 33 years. The population in this area hosts a healthy mix of adults and youth. There are more adults in this area than children.

HOMELESS ENCAMPMENTS There are no encampments in the area, most of the homeless population congregates at haven for hope.

MEDIAN INCOME Income for this area is near the poverty level.

~$17,450 [02/03]

SHELTERS IN THE AREA There is an abundance of single story homes, with apartment complexes sprinkled in between. There are some schools in the vicinity, many amenities are within walking distance.

[04]

N

FAMILY RESIDENCE

MEDICAL/ DENTAL/ INTAKE BUILDING

TRANSFORMATONAL SERVICES WOMENS RESIDENCE

CHAPEL WAREHOUSE FOOD SERVICE

ILW AY

MENS RESIDENCE

20

N COMAL ST.

N SAN MARCOS

MORALES ST.

HAVEN FOR HOPE WAY

SECURITY BUILDING

PEREZ ST.

RA

ST .

AY ILW

CHILDCARE CENTER TRANSITIONAL HOUSING

IO

RA

LEAL ST.

FR

[05]

haven for hope - san antonio, tx The campus layout has been turned into the selling point and has been successful in reducing the homeless population. People who go through ‘Haven for Hope’ go through a program to become drug and alcohol free and live independently. This is a low two- and three-story building complex with high ceilings, windows, light, and bright colors. [06] The site’s 12 former warehouses and six new buildings serve as a lively, colorful mix of dorms, classrooms, medical facilities, and play spaces for 1,400 homeless men, women, and children. Meanwhile, 81 partner agencies provide 150 different services for the facility—from a Boys & Girls Club to the Christian Dental Clinic and a Dress for Success shop. Homeless residents stay as long as they need to in order to make the transition to independence.

By disseminating information to neighborhood residents early on, the city’s Department of Community Initiatives gained support for ‘Haven for Hope’. In order to overcome some objections, the design was tweaked to place family and female dorms close to the neighborhood and the most chronic homeless next to the industrial area and county jail. [07] 21

3% Other 3% Asian 13% Black 21% Hispanic 60% White [02/03]

35

[02/03]

10-

30’s

60+

POPULATION Around fifty-two percent of the population is male and a majority of the population is Caucasian.

EDUCATION LEVEL Over half of the population in this area has a high school degree or equivalent.

48%

52% 22

26 thousand

53 %

28 thousand [02/03]

2

%

5

%

Professional or Graduate Bachelor’s Highschool or Higher [02/03] Degree or Degree Higher

Life Restored Church

San Antonio Independent School

Centromed Dress For Success San Antonio

The Society of St. Vincent de Paul

W MARTIN ST .

University Helath Center Downtown American GI Forum Naঞonal Veterans

Buena Voluntad Bapঞst Church

Robert B. Green Campus University

St. James Ame Church Bexar Appraisal District

Adult Detenঞon Center Annex

Templo Pentecostes Triunfo

Bexar Adult County Probaঞon

Bexar County Adult Detenঞon Center

Bexar County Tax Assessor Collector

5

STAR Vascular Access Center

HWY 3

DO ST.

Harvey E. Najim Acঞviঞes Center The Terraces at Haven for Hope Haven for Hope

N COLORA

Margil Elementary School

Ximenes Chapel

0

Iglesia Pentecostal Unidad Hispana #2

Fire Staঞon 15

Eduardo Garcia Park

Y1

RUIZ ST.

HW

N FRIO ST.

[08]

VIA Metropolitan Transit - The Grand

W COMME RCE ST.

current site conditions POINTS OF INTEREST There are nearby clinics and a hospital, schools are walking distance and government offices are as well.

Government

Charities

Parks and Sports Fields

Clinics/ Medical

Church

Schools

CRIME RATES There are no violent crimes reported in the vicinity. There are a couple of robberies and minor offenses.

[09]

23

TRANSPORTATION There are sufficient bus lines in proximity, some bicycle friendly roads and stores are within the vicinity.

Haven for hope is a large campus, the architecture is not revolutionary but the stringent programs that have been implemented are. The major impact that Haven for Hope has caused comes from the three program levels that have been implemented. The first program you’re sleeping outside in ‘Prospects Courtyard’ — no responsibilities, no commitment, with some caveats. They will feed you and you have access to showers and laundry machines.

Behave and show up regularly, and you are allowed into the indoor courtyard area. Staff will look for individuals who are ready to become ‘Emergency Members’. These members live inside in group dormitories and sign a contract promising to work 40 hrs/ wk. Work includes receiving counseling, job training, and dealing with other employment and housing.

Emergency Members work their way up to ‘Emerging Member’, which includes private living Walking Distance (5 minute increments)

Public Transporta on

Trails ‘Bike-able’ streets

0

DO ST.

Y1

N COLORA

HW

RUIZ ST.

N FRIO ST.

[10]

5 minutes

W MARTIN ST .

24

W COMME RCE ST.

HWY 3

5

10 minutes

[11]

quarters, more amenities, and the job and housing hunt proceed in earnest. Haven’s goal is to graduate 60 percent of its clients annually — making room for another crop of upwardly mobile dispossessed. Success is defined as a full year in a job and a domicile.

[07] Although Haven for hope is a large campus their is still a need for more dedicated space for overnight stay. Most shelters “solve“ the lack of dedicated sleep areas with courtyards or doubling up open spaces such as dinning halls as overnight sleep areas.

The problem with this method is the possibility of “cherry picking” the cream of the crop, people who are already high-functioning. This helps with the programs numbers to report “success”. This type of housing focuses heavily on the ‘healthier’ group of individuals who have less physical and/or personal problems. This form of shelter ignores the long-term issues associated with mental illness.

This form of shelter is welcomed by communities when the homeless problem becomes too great in the area, especially since it mitigates the level of contact the surrounding community has with the homeless.

25

II

26

the homeless

01

27

homeless Homelessness throughout the world will not disappear anytime soon. Their is a shortage of affordable housing, gentrification is affecting more places as they become urban environments, and the wage gap is widening. The longer life span of the chronically ill, an ongoing drug epidemic, and the ‘tunnel of scarcity’ is affecting more people after the downturn of the economy.

For most of the homeless population, the need for basic shelter is acute and immediate. In order to better design shelters, whose design matters: to the homeless, to those who work with them, the neighboring community, and to society. We need to better understand the other [less] immediate things that they need to improve their lives and possibly live with independence and dignity. [04]

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[02]

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SOMEONE

WITHOUT RELIABLE SHELTER People experiencing homelessness can be individuals, children, or families. As of 2015, 37% of people experiencing homelessness were in families with children, 64% experienced homelessness as individuals, and 6% were children.

They can be currently without housing, but are also considered eligible for homeless services if they will be without housing in 14 days or if their current housing situation is life threatening.

INDIVIDUALS

NOW: Currently without housing

FAMILIES

14 DAYS: Will soon be without housing

CHILDREN/ YOUTH

AT RISK: Attempting to flee a life-threatening situation

the definition of homelessness is homelessness has taken different

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PRE-CIVIL WAR 1800-1860

POST-CIVIL WAR 1860-1930

GREAT DEPRESSION 1930-1950

People experiencing homelessness were those displaced by wars, immigrants seeking settlements, or those expelled from colonial towns.

This ear consisted of rapid industrialization including a shift toward wage labor, which resulted in jobs being less stable since workers were easier to replace. Young men followed railroad jobs west or migrated to the city for factory jobs, living wherever they could find shelter.

This population of job-seeking workers expanded as veterans and freed slaves joined the ranks. The suffering economy of the post-war depression combined with unregulated capitalism served only to create more instability for workers - requiring them to be even more migratory to find work. The Bowery Mission in New York City was formed in 1879, one of the first shelters designed to support young men struggling to find work.

The negative economic impact spread included entire families, instead of just young men - migrant workers became the norm. Skid rows, or streets where those experienceing homelessness densely congregated, and began to develop in cities accross the country, as these growing misplaced communities sought to create shelters for themselves.

Homelessness began to be a widespread impact.

IS CONSIDERED HOMELESS

SPECTRUM OF SEVERITY ON THE STREETS These unstable situations result in a spectrum of homeless severity, ranging from those who have simply moved more than twice in 60 days, to those living on the streets. Each of these situations can reasonably be included in the full definition of homelessness.

ABANDONED BUILDING/ VEHICLE SHELTERS/ MISSIONS TRANSITIONAL HOUSING SINGLE ROOM OCCUPANCY PRECARIOUSLY “DOUBLED UP“ 2+ MOVES WITHIN 60 DAYS

[03]

broader than expected... forms throughout modern history URBAN RENEWAL 1950-1970

CHRONIC PROBLEM 1970-2000

The United States began to implement systemic changes that shifted the articulation of homelessness. Skid rows were cleared in the name of urban renewal, and new housing regulations resulted in nightmairish tenements being torn down. While these regulations raised the bar for the condition of housing structures, low income populations were left out. Housing was now more expensive to build and maintain, and single room occupancy were significantly depleted - meainng that low income populations, or those without jobs altogether, had fewer housing options.

More shelters and service organizations sprang up to fill this void, and several court cases established “right to shelter” and homeless assistance at the federal level.

However, federal budget cuts for social service programs further exacerbated the problem and the deinstitutionalization of mental helath hospitals nationwide caused a major influc of people experiencing homelessness, vulnerable populations with nowhere to go. This era was the beginning of modern homelessness as we know it today; a chronic problem embedded in the system.

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CAUSES OF HOMELESSNESS ARE COMPLEX TO UNTANGLE, BUT IT COMES DOWN TO 1. CAN’T AFFORD HOUSING Some people experiencing homelessness are actually employed and reasonably able to afford most of the things they need—except for affordable housing. Perhaps they have been foreclosed on or evicted, or maybe their neighborhood has undergone gentrification. Regardless, with a lack of affordable housing reasonably available to this population, despite having jobs that pay above minimum wage, they risk becoming homeless.

2. WORKING BUT IN POVERTY Some people experiencing homelessness who are employed may continue to suffer an economic hardship through a low-paying job or poverty, where they can’t afford the things they need despite being employed. If the economic context improves and businesses are able to offer employees higher pay, this group of people may be spared homelessness.

3. UNABLE TO FIND WORK Also in the category of those able to work but are unemployed (or underemployed) are those who are not particularly suffering a personal hardship: instead they have found themselves experiencing an economic hardship, such as job loss or chronic unemployment, because of a system-wide suffering economy. As the economy improves, or as these individuals can reestablish themselves in a changing economy, their chances of economic suffering decline.

there’s a wide range of reasons 4. PERSONAL HARDSHIP The next category is those who are theoretically able to work, but are suffering in the short term because of a tragedy or personal hardship—those who have recently lived through a natural disaster, experienced domestic abuse, are going through a divorce, etc.—and so also require additional supportive and health services to overcome. This category also includes anyone who might need assistance joining or re-entering the workforce, such as veterans or ex-convicts.

5. PHYSICALLY OR MENTALLY ILL The final category is those who are unable to work without assistance. They may suffer from a physical or mental disorder (such as a mental illness or substance abuse problem) which renders them unable to enter the workforce without significant recovery or assistance. If they receive adequate supportive and health services (from the system / environment), their chance of homelessness is lessened.

A PERSONAL SAFETY NET … or the ability to call upon friends and family to help in a time of need. Those who experience homeless not only experience system-individual conflict, but they have fallen through this personal safety net. In a time of need, with dwindling personal connections to rely on, faced with the overwhelming systemic challenges described above, they become homeless.

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CONFLICT BETWEEN SYSTEM AND INDIVIDUAL. SYSTEM

// CHALLENGE AREAS //

LACK OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

SUFFERING ECONOMY

LACK OF SUPPORTIVE & HEALTH SERVICES

1 2 3 4 5

PERSON

can’t afford housing EMPLOYED

working, but in poverty unable to find work personal hardship physically or mentally ill

ABLE TO WORK, BUT UN- OR UNDER EMPLOYED

NOT ABLE TO WORK WITHOUT ASSISTANCE

[03]

why someone might be homeless...

Architecture is not the first thing that people think of when considering how to best help the homeless. Architecture can play an important role when creating facilities that sustain the dignity of people who have fallen on hard times. Well-designed facilities can encourage the reluctant, the “shelter-resistant”, to seek services by giving them a place that is not a prison-like fortress, a depressing warehouse for people, or a dangerous madhouse.

It is difficult to know the exact number of homeless in the United States or in a general area.

Given the difficulties of calculating the number of homeless people, demographic analysis of the homeless population are based on estimates and guesswork.

The old face of homelessness may have been that of a bearded middle-aged alcoholic male. The new picture of homelessness is far more diverse.

[03]

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As we know people become homeless for several reasons, but they all go through the same three things; they lose their residence, are unable to find a new one, and no one is willing to take them in. Several life events can trigger a spiral of events that leads to homelessness. Because many lost their residence for different circumstances they need different amenities, services and treatments.

Whether it is a pre-existing condition, treatments for a mental or physical illness, therapy, etc.. It does not make sense to provide the same services or environment for all homeless populations.

In this section, narrowing down the different populations of homeless will allow for a better understanding of how to design for them. The following is an attempt to narrow down the different populations of homelessness. [03]

JOB LOSS/ FORECLOSURE / EVICTION Many people in Las Vegas lost their job through different circumstances, there are many individuals who were unable to get back on their feet after the downturn and others who lost their income for several other reasons.

PHYSICALLY INCAPACITATED/ELDERS Becoming physically incapacitated can happen due to an accident, a disease, age, etc.. Leading to job loss, inability to pay medical bills, loss of an affordable dwelling, and so on making it difficult to sustain a livable wage.

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE/ DIVORCE/ FAMILIES When a household disintegrates due to a divorce, domestic violence, widowed, or doubled-up families are kicked-out. Many are faced with being unable to pay for everyday living expenses leading to homelessness.

ILLEGAL IMMIGRANT/ REFUGEE/ NATURAL DISASTER Immigrants come in hope of finding a better job and are sometimes unable to find one or sustain it due to their migratory status. Natural disaster survivors typically lost their homes, or their place of employment living them homeless.

PTSD/ GRIEF PTSD comes in many forms and can be caused by several events, the majority of people who suffer PTSD are veterans who often need counseling and treatment.

ADDICTION Those who struggle with addiction need a place that can focus on helping them surpass their addiction. This requires a collective effort that cannot be just another additional service.

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MENTAL ILLNESS There is a sea of mental illnesses and a range of severity for each.

Sometimes these illnesses are not curable, others require constant medication and some are curable. These individuals need a separate array of services than others in the homeless population.

TEENAGERS/ YOUNG ADULTS Young adults are sometimes kicked-out of their home, they run away, or are orphaned.

CONVICTS/ SEXUAL OFFENDERS It is difficult for convicts to find a place of employment and a place to live.

For sexual offenders it is even more difficult based on the restrictions of their release. This is seen with laws requiring registered sex offenders to live a specified distance from schools, as well as the notification laws which expose these individuals.

the types of homelessness Every situation is different however, not every homeless individual can be treated on a case-bycase basis. These groupings allow for a condensation of certain situations that may overlap with others or require similar services. This is a simplified grouping of the different situations however, there are several cases in which an individual will fit into several different categories. With that in mind, these shelters would need to focus on the types of individuals while providing some of the services other facilities have such as help with addiction which is something that can affect any of these categories.

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combating homelessness Since there is a varying range of homelessness and diverse demographics, different approaches need to be taken to provide the basic needs for a person to live comfortably. Before focusing on the needs of the diverse groups in the homeless demographic the basic needs provided by shelters need to be improved to dignify these individuals.

After looking at primary approaches, this chapter will begin to look at the different architectural spaces needed to improve shelters.

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[01]

37

CHALLENGES Nourishment Hydra on Warmth

Physiological Needs

CHALLENGES Laundry Bathrooms Cleanliness & Hygiene Showers Toiletries

BASIC NEEDS

PEOPLE WITHOUT HOMES FACE MANY EVERYDAY CHALLENGES SERVICES AVAILABLE Overnight Shelters Food Banks Soup Kitchens Free Clothing Stores

CHALLENGES Personal Space Con nual Anxiety Internal Mental Past Trauma Health Addic ons Mental Disorders CHALLENGES Violence & Crime Sickness & injury Storing Possessions Protec on

Safety & Security

SERVICES AVAILABLE Health Services Mental Health Support Addic on Rehabilita on Emergency Responses

EMERGENCY SERVICES 38

ECONOMIC SECURITY

SERVICES AVAILABLE Job Seeker Assistance Job Training Actual Employment

Naviga ng the System

CHALLENGES Many Services Mul ple Offices Required Info Deadlines Aggressive Authori es CHALLENGES Percep ons Barriers to Job Training Employment Access to Educa on Youth Educa on Reliable Transit

SERVICES AVAILABLE Life Skills Development Transi onal Housing

- BUT ORGANIZATIONS PROVIDE SERVICES TO HELP THEM OVERCOME THESE ADVERSITIES.

Social Isola on

SOCIAL & LIFE SKILLS

Not part of Society

CHALLENGES Rejec on Discrimina on Ignored Verbal Abuse Loneliness

CHALLENGES No Mailing Address Iden fica on Documents Internet Access Phone Access

[02/03]

39

there are three primary approaches 1

2

PROVIDING HOMES FIRST AS A STABLE FOUNDATION

EMPOWERING INDIVIDUALS WITH CHOICES AND TRAINING

The housing first approach simply gives homes to people experiencing homelessess, regardless of whether they are sober, have jobs, or have health problems. Being homeless is a traumatic event in itself, and so providing stability with a home first makes other issues more conquerable. The housing first model has proven to be very effective, retaining people in homes at higher rates while surprisingly cost-effective.

This approach goes one step beyond alleviating symptoms to empower those experiencing homelessness—which in turn provides them with more choices about their own futures.

Approaches in this category include efforts like job seeker assistance, life skills training, and education, with the hope that these stepping stones, in addition to basic provisions like food and shelter, will be enough to launch them to success.

challenges... basics needs

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CLOTHING SUPPLY

FOOD PROVISION

POP-UP CARE

Clothing donation centers provide an important resource for those experiencing homelessness – clean, fresh clothing, and extra layers for cold months. Some shelters include clothing services, and thrift stores that sell used clothing at a discounted price also help serve this niche.

Other organizations exist solely to collect and distribute clothing to those in need through various distribution channels. While these efforts can be as organized and complex as delivering health services, they don’t have to be.

Alongside shelter from the elements, one of the most basic needs for those experiencing homelessness is daily nourishment. Food banks and soup kitchens are two of the most well-known food provision methods, but grassroots approaches like charity refrigerators, corporate restaurant donations, and individual donations on the street have also proven to be successful. The rise of urban agriculture has further provided a way for those experiencing homelessness to feed themselves while engaging in meaningful cultivation work.

Those experiencing homelessness are faced with health and hygiene challenges, but also basic cleanliness and self-care. While there are service organizations that seek to meet these needs, it is sometimes difficult to know where to go or how to get there – and so the strategy of pop-up care focuses on bringing these elements of care to them where they are today. Mobile medical units, hairdressers, and even showers. These agile pop-up stations can be put together by organizations and planned by communities, they can also be as simple as an individual offering a skill as a service to someone experiencing homelessness when it is needed.

to combating homelessness 3 ALLEVIATING SYMPTOMS WITH SUPPORTIVE RESOURCES This most traditional approach involves organizations alleviating the symptoms of homelessness (such as providing people with shelter, clothing, or mental health resources). The hope is that these supportive essential services will be enough to help them get back on their feet, and eventually enable them to establish themselves in a home of their own.

IDEAS AND STRATEGIES FOR ELIMINATING HOMELESSNESS The following looks at the different challenges and how they are dealt with.

[02/03]

URBAN AGRICULTURE

SHELTERS

SHELTER REDESIGN

Urban agriculture is the cultivation of food within an urban setting – often on rooftops, in backyard garden plots, or vertical farming structures. The rise in popularity and accessibility of urban agriculture has proved to be an interesting complement to the plight of those experiencing homelessness, by providing not only a source of food, but also a productive and meaningful form of work.

Some shelters have even adopted urban agriculture as part of their program, using the food produced to feed visitors of the shelter, while other organizations provide paid work opportunities for them to cultivate food in the urban environment.

Homeless shelters are the oldest and most traditional approach to helping those experiencing homelessness, meeting their most basic and immediate need: a place to stay for the night. While in the modern era shelters alone are no longer enough to bear the burden of all homelessness needs, they play an important role in the broader ecosystem of social services by providing on-demand refuge for those with nowhere else to go.

Models have emerged that target specific populations (women, youth, veterans, families) and make use of existing physical resources (vacant motels or rehabilitated buildings) to maximize efficiency and impact.

Overnight shelters serve an important need for those experiencing homelessness: the immediate need for a secure place to sleep at night.

As places designed for shortterm stay with a revolving set of residents, often inhabiting converted buildings, they can sometimes be utilitarian or uncomfortable. With simple alterations to a shelter, or a specifically thoughtful approach oriented toward its visitors, a shelter can become a more welcoming, secure, and comfortable place. Designers have an opportunity to assist shelters in this transformation by offering pro bono services, while individuals could lend volunteer time to help make these improvements.

[02/03]

41

economic opportunity FINDING JOBS

HIRING THOSE EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS

JOB TRAINING

People experiencing homelessness lack a permanent address, consistent access to the internet, or a phone number.

With inconsistent access to laundry services, showers, or transportation modes, those experiencing homelessness often present unique challenges to employers.

Organizations and programs exist to help make this interaction more amenable – by connecting those experiencing homelessness with employment opportunities. Job search assistance programs often work more effectively, when they are run hand-in-hand with professional skills training and general life skills development.

“Will work for food” is an alltoo-common request seen on homeless’ cardboard signs.

Many cities and organizations have taken this plea to heart, and implement programs to literally give jobs to those experiencing homelessness.

These programs not only provide them with wages or food, but also offer psychological benefits as well by providing a sense of empowerment, agency, and purpose to those employed.

While this strategy of hiring those experiencing homelessness is often executed as a full program, it doesn’t have to be – private citizens and companies can also implement this principle on an individual basis.

Similar to the strategy of hiring those experiencing homelessness, providing job training also empowers and lends a sense of agency to an otherwise seemingly outof-control situation. Those experiencing homelessness do not always have the right skills to match available jobs, and sometimes need assistance developing the skills needed – so job training programs help them overcome these challenges. The most effective job training programs provide professional skills, paired with life skills development, training and job placement assistance to ensure they have the right skills and get connected to opportunities — allowing them to succeed in those jobs.

housing provisions

42

FLEXIBLE HOUSING TYPES

HOUSING CRISIS HELP

HOUSING FIRST

Traditionally we think of housing as fixed and stable, designers have been experimenting with new models that could provide more flexibility. Some of these homes are expandable to adapt to larger or smaller families and lot sizes, while others are designed to be customized to reflect the values of whoever lives within. Others are designed to be modular and stackable. And some are designed to attach to existing buildings, or are retrofitted from buses and storage units.

These approaches emphasize flexibility and help to accommodate those experiencing homelessness in new ways to traditional housing types.

This broader range of at-risk people experiencing homelessness can often be prevented from actually becoming homeless with relatively minimal interventions.

There are programs, which work to prevent homelessness and stabilize housing.

Other programs help to crowdsource this funding – to help families in crisis gain the resources they need at the right time that can help prevent their situation from becoming dire.

Rather than focusing on resolving medical issues or providing necessary supplies, the housing first approach seeks to first get those experiencing homelessness into stable housing, regardless of their condition. The idea is that the stability of having a place to sleep provides a solid foundation upon which to work out the other issues they may be facing. Studies have shown, that it actually costs governments less and is more effective long-term to give homes to them rather than pay for continued emergency services. This philosophical shift rightly repositions those experiencing homelessness as members of a community, enabling them to thrive in a more stable environment.

emergency services ADDICTION SERVICES

HEALTH SERVICES

Approximately 17% of people experiencing homelessness struggle with a chronic substance abuse problem.

Addiction services seek to help them overcome this basic challenge of health by providing them with medical attention and recovery assistance. These programs are often complicated to implement, requiring sustained funding, a physical location to operate offices and temporarily house patients, and personnel resources.

Government agencies and non-profits generally implement these programs due to the complexity involved and heavy lift of resources required.

With higher levels of exposure to the elements, those experiencing homelessness are at greater risk of chronic health problems.

Furthermore, approximately 20% are severely mentally ill, while 17% are faced with a chronic substance abuse.

Some health organizations exist to specifically serve the unique needs of this population. In other cities, an emerging model emphasizes bringing healthcare to those experiencing homelessness using mobile medical units or traveling doctors and nurses.

[02/03]

TINY HOMES

TRANSITIONAL HOUSING

The concept of tiny homes is one that essentially represents a new model of housing. As urban areas become popular again, any remaining SROs are threatened by gentrification.

Just as the middle- and upperclass fled to the suburbs in the mid-20th century, a reverse trend is occurring pushing the poor out. Tiny homes have presented a way to provide an affordable SRO model in a flexible format that can adapt to non-urban settings, offering the conveniences of a regular-sized home. These efforts are sometimes led by organizations and some individual craftsmen, creating homes and shelters from found objects for people experiencing homelessness in their neighborhoods.

In between, transitional housing is designed to help them better make the transition from living on the streets to having a permanent home. Transitional housing is typically supervised, in group or communal conditions, and often comes along with life skills training or other social development efforts to help those experiencing homelessness be better prepared for life as part of a social community.

Some transitional housing situations also offer on-site supportive care, to better assist those struggling with mental illness or substance abuse. Transitional homes are designed to help ease the adjustment of re-entering society.

[02/03]

43

opperational efficiencies BETTER DATA COLLECTION

FOCUS ON VETERANS

FUND RAISING

While the Department of Housing and Urban Development currently administers the annual pointin-time count of people experiencing homelessness, the collection process at the community level could be made more efficient. Using new technologies allowing for the geolocation of data points, while coordinating a cohesive database across multiple jurisdictions allowing for a streamlined delivery of services. The most difficult aspect of implementing better data collection is the prior foresight and planning required; data tools themselves are generally lightweight and simple to implement.

As of 2015, there were nearly 50,000 homeless veterans in the United States. Because this subset population is registered with the VMAC, they are often easier to contact and assist. The VMAC and other veterans programs also provide resources specific to veterans that nonveteran people experiencing homelessness may not have access to. Because of this, many cities have focused first on eliminating veteran homelessness altogether – with a high degree of success. Veterans are a more straightforward population to target, with more quantifiable and measurable results.

Fundraising efforts are often a major component of a social service program, allowing nonprofit organizations and city departments to supplement their designated budgets with help from individuals and other organizations. Thinking creatively about fundraising can help to make these efforts more effective, by designing fundraising efforts around the needs of the donor just as much as the needs of the organization. For example, donors often want to see a direct impact for the money they give. Donors also typically want the donation process to be clear, easy, and readily accessible.

social support

44

LIFE SKILLS

MENTAL HEALTH

SPACE FOR CREATIVITY

Homeless youth and children have not yet experienced normal life as adults, and may need orienting courses or guidance on how to do that. Veterans returning from war may need extra help adjusting back to civilian life, as well as newly-released prisoners. If they’re not sure how to navigate society most effectively. Life skills training and development includes employment skills like how to apply for jobs or build a resume, as well as personal skills like managing money, taxes, benefits, or registrations, and sometimes also social skills related to being a member of a community and integrating socially.

Approximately 20% of those experiencing homelessness deal with a severe mental illness. Mental health care, often requiring regular visits and regular medication, can be difficult to administer to a transient, mobile, unstable population. Mental health care also includes, in this context, general emotional wellbeing – which can be challenging for those experiencing homelessness, even if they do not suffer from severe mental illness. Maintaining hope in the face of adversity, developing meaningful and healthy connections with people, and finding productive work to accomplish can all be hurdles for their sense of mental health.

The need to express oneself and be heard is a lower priority than basic healthcare, but it is still a psychological and emotional need. Engaging in creative pursuits can be therapeutic and rejuvenating, allowing for the processing of traumatic experiences.

Those living on the street are regularly ignored. Despite being prime candidates for the cathartic experience of creativity, they may not have access to, or the means.

Writing, art, or photography programs designed for those experiencing homelessness help to serve a valuable psychological need, while also enabling them to tell their stories and be heard by their communities.

[02/03]

MEDIA BLITZ

STAFF TRAINING

STATE OF EMERGENCY

Enhancing public awareness about the realities of homelessness is a constant struggle for advocates of those experiencing homelessness. The public’s perception of these people are not always accurate. A media blitz strives to overcome these assumptions by placing the issue at the forefront of the public’s eye with accurate and empathy-driven communication. Media efforts that seek to humanize the homeless again, to reconnect the public as a community with these members of their community. The execution of this strategy can range from a broadly organized effort to an individual’s own creative work.

Many organizations exist to deal directly with issues related to homelessness – but many others deal with them indirectly. Libraries, parks, coffee shops, etc are regularly frequented, and the organizations or companies in charge of these spaces must determine policies on how to respond to the particular challenges this population represents. To help navigate these issues and effectively respond, staff training can be helpful. Training on how to recognize mental illness and respond, how to recognize common health issues, and how to direct them to needed services would all be helpful to staff interacting with people experiencing homelessness.

The crisis of homelessness in some areas has risen to a degree on par with natural disasters such as flood or fire, in terms of number of deaths and injuries caused. This has prompted several cities (such as Portland OR, Los Angeles CA, and Seattle, WA) to declare a state of emergency over homelessness.

The declaration allows these cities to potentially secure additional money from state or federal sources including FEMA and loosens regulations to enable a more impactful response to the crisis.

[02/03]

Based off of the different types of homelessness that were defined in the first section of this chapter, there are specific architectural programs that are basic needs that may not be provided in most shelters. The following is a list of required program that would be highly recommended to be included into any type of shelter, provided their are funds to include all these programs.

REQUIRED PROGRAM Recreational Space/ Public Space Amenities: Pet Kennels + Pet Clinic + Storage Units Sleeping Space Living Space Staff Administration Physical +Health Clinics/ Infirmary Utilities + Bathrooms Mail Services + Laundry Computer Room + Job Center Bank

45

The bottom chart suggests program spaces that would best benefit each demographic.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROGRAM

Gym

Physical Therapy Center

Recommended Necessary Avoid

Park

Activities Center Legal Services Playground Tutor Center

Job Loss/ Foreclosure / Eviction + Physically Incapacitated/ Elders Domestic Violence/ Divorce/ Families + Illegal Immigrant/ Refugee/ Natural Disaster Teenagers/ Young Adults

46

Day-care A (Children or Elder

ddiction Center rs)

RECOMMENDATIONS OF PROGRAMS NEAR SITES

Addiction Support Groups Schools Self Injection Site Mental Illness Clinic

PTSD/ Grief + Addiction

Groceries Stores

Public Government Transit Employment Offices Opportunities

Recommended Necessary

Mental Illness Avoid

Convicts + Sexual Offenders

47

The following graphics are estimates for Clark county, the map to the right shows current shelters and the two parks with the biggest homeless demographics.

Shelters

Parks and Sports Fields

Charities

Number of People Experincing Homelessness 2007-2017

[04]

demographics of the homeless in Las Vegas Homeless Population

3%

Living Sheltered or Unsheltered, 2017 37%

Sheltered Individuals

63% 97%

Unsheltered Individuals People in Families

Sheltered

7%

People in Families Unsheltered People in Families

48

Individual

30.1 homeless per 10,000 people

35%

58%

All

[04]

[05]

Love in the Name of Chirst Las Vegas Catholic Worker Suite Charity

+5

Huntridge Circle Park Catholic Chariাes Molasky Family Park

49

III

50

shelter typologies

[01]

51

the goal of shelters Housing in the United States varies depending on one’s ability to pay. The spectrum of housing ranges from the owner owned and occupied dwelling to those who are unable to afford and pay for housing, leaving them to occupy the streets or spend their nights in shelters. Regardless of the type of housing or ability to pay for housing, one thing that all these individuals seek is to live with dignity.

The goal of this chapter is to look at the types of housing provided for the homeless population and the characteristics of each.

52

[02]

53

FORM OF HOUSING

RESIDENTS/ SUBSIDY

Emergency Shelter This shelter type is typically organized in dormitory-

These

style wards with some on site social services and case-

funded with a combination of

shelters

are

generally

management programs. Separate shelters or portions

public funds and private donations.

of shelters, house different homeless populations such

And typically serve those who

as single adults, families, seniors, and young adults. The

do not have the ability to pay for

duration of occupancy varies. [03]

housing. [03]

Transitional Shelter WIth a combination of living arrangements, from

These

dormitory-style wards to rooms housing 6-8 people

funded with a combination of

shelters

are

generally

each. These shelters emphasize programs with social

public funds and private donations.

services, development of life skills, and job training.

And typically serve those who

Separate shelters or portions of shelters, house different

do not have the ability to pay for

homeless populations such as single adults, families,

housing. [03]

seniors, and young adults. The duration of occupancy varies, typically from 6 months to 2 years.[03]

Transitional Housing Transitional housing takes different forms including

This housing type generally serves

single room occupancy buildings with small independent

those with the ability to pay for

studio units. Other shared residences are also common

housing, typically through disability

such as boardinghouses. Social services are sometimes

payments or other rent subsidies.

included on site. The duration of stay varies from 1

Many have physical and mental

year or 2. The lack of affordable housing has led to the

health problems. [03]

extended stay in transitional housing. [03] Supportive Housing Similar to transitional housing, but can also take the

This housing type generally serves

form of multi-unit buildings with larger apartments and

those with the ability to pay for

sometimes single-family houses. Social services and

housing, typically through disability

programs for residents are integral to housing but, are

payments or other rent subsidies.

not always provided on-site. [03]

Many have physical and mental health problems. [03]

54

THE OPEN LOT This is an attempt to contain homeless encampments to one area. A vacant lot is typically enclosed to provide a barrier to the public. Some services such as restrooms are provided, sometimes the homeless create their own dwellings.

SLEEPING MODULES Low cost option for providing private dwellings for the homeless. small dwellings are provided for the homeless Similar to an open lot but, with more services and cleaner facilities.

MILITARY BUNKER LAYOUT Recognizable as a disaster relief layout, it is seen used in large open buildings, auditoriums, warehouses, etc.

These shelter layouts utilize this open space for sleeping at night and providing meals during the day. It is a lowbudget shelter that provides the bare minimum.

DORMITORY WARDS These shelter layouts tend to offer more privacy, they tend to be remodeled hotels, motels, infirmaries, or new construction. Unlike the above, these shelters tend to have more services and allow for a longer stay. This layout also allows for separating different homeless populations.

CAMPUS FACILITY These campi draw from university layouts and provide the most services in comparison to the other layouts. It also encompasses different shelter layout variations to allow for different stay allowances.

TINY HOMES This type of housing allows for the most privacy and are the closest to a traditional dwelling. They are sometimes shared or individual dwellings.

55

DIY Camps

Fence or Wall (Barrier)

Restrooms + Services + Admin.

Typically 1 entrance/ exit

Only for Sleeping

Admin. + Restrooms + Kitchen + Storage Beds (or Sleeping Pads) are generally stored in the day, the space serves as a dinning hall Beds

Rooms

Rooms Admin.

Converted Hotels and Motels, 6-8 people per room.

Family Ward Women’s Ward Services Parking

Men’s Ward

Courtyard Food Service

Clinic/ Medical

Typical components, usually enclosed,

DIY Homes Restrooms + Services + Admin.

Typically 1 entrance/ exit (Not to Scale) 56

Fence or Wall (Barrier)

THE OPEN LOT

>>>

Program 35-65 % Sleep Area 5-15 % Dining 5 % Restrooms/ Bath Areas 3-15 % Staff / Admin 0-5 % Health Clinics 0 % Bank 15-20 % Recreational Space

SLEEPING MODULES

>>>

Program 100 % Sleep Area 0 % Dining 0 % Restrooms/ Bath Areas 0 % Staff / Admin 0 % Health Clinics 0 % Bank 0 % Recreational

OPEN BUNKER LAYOUT

>>>

Program 35-60 % Sleep Area 35-60 % Dining 5 % Restrooms/ Bath Areas 10-15 % Staff / Admin 0-5 % Health Clinics 0 % Bank 5-10 % Recreational

DORMITORY WARDS

>>>

Program 30-45 % Sleep Area 10-15 % Dining 5-8 % Restrooms/ Bath Areas 10-20 % Staff / Admin 0-5 % Health Clinics 0 % Bank 5-15 % Recreational

CAMPUS FACILITY

>>>

Program 25-35 % Sleep Area 10-15 % Dining 5-10 % Restrooms/ Bath Areas 15-25 % Staff / Admin 5-10 % Health Clinics 0-5 % Bank 15-25 % Recreational

TINY HOMES

>>>

Program 35-60 % Sleep Area 5-15 % Dining 5-10 % Restrooms/ Bath Areas 3-5 % Staff Admin 0-5 % Health Clinics 0 % Bank 15-20% Recreational 57

shelter case studies The following case studies were chosen because they are considered some of the most successful shelters that have evolved the shelter typology into something that is more dignified. All are located in the United States and are presented in the same formatting to better understand how each has succeeded and how each can improve.

58

[01]

59

Location:

Other Building Description:

1818 Corsicana St, Dallas, TX 75201

New

United States Total project cost at time of completion, land Architect:

excluded:

Overland Partners

$23,800,000

Project Completion Date:

Awards:

May 2018

AIA’s National 2009 Housing Award AIA/Housing and Urban Development (HUD)

Project Site Context/Setting:

Secretary Award

Semi-urban

2009 National Excellence in Design Award 2009

Project Type: Food Service Restaurant/Cafeteria Health Care – Clinic Shelter Building or Project Gross Floor Area: 75,000 square feet

[03]

60

Chicago

Architecture Award

Athenaeum’s

American [02]

[04]

The Bridge Homeless Assistance Center Completed in May 2008 and situated on a previously developed 3.41-acre site in Dallas’ central business district, The Bridge provides a broad spectrum of care including housing, emergency and transitional care for more than 6,000 people in Dallas experiencing long-term homelessness. Consisting of five buildings that create a courtyard in the center of the campus, The Bridge incorporates a three-story services building, a one-story welcome building, a storage building, an open air pavilion, and a dining facility, which serves as a focal point to the interior landscaped courtyard of the campus and also as a food magnet providing social workers with an opportunity to connect with the homeless. [02]

61

The area chosen for this shelter is in a well situated median level income area. The area has new development happening east of the site and redevelopment happening within a 5 minute walk. There are two hospitals within 3 miles, around 9-15 minutes away via automobile and around 30 minutes via bus. [05]

TRANSPORTATION Public transportation is close in proximity, and bike-able routes are available.

Walking Distance (5 minute increments)

Public Transporta on

Trails ‘Bike-able’ streets

Y1

5

[06]

T

LLA S

HW

MARI

CA

N

TO N

ST

S

H AR D W O O D

S AY W ER

ST .

ST

I-30 I-30

S D AR AK ST

62

5 minutes

First Presbyterian Church of Dallas [07]

Sgakespeare’s First Folio

Y1

5

First Presbyterian Church Chapel

HW

Crossroads Community Services

S

N TO N

ST

Family Gateway

CA

Dallas City Hall

T

LLA S

MARI

H AR D W O O D

S AY W ER

Soul Church

ST .

MDHA

ST

City Lab High School

I-30

Iglesia Universal del Reino de Dios

I-30

Dallas Fire Staাon

S AR

AK

Pillort Grove Church

D

Dallas Heritage Village

ST Brent Place Old City Park

Vogel Alcove

N

current site conditions Government

Charities

Parks and Sports Fields

Clinics/ Medical

Church

Schools

POINTS OF INTEREST The site is close to government agencies and in proximity to several job opportunities.

63

“Since the opening of the Bridge, more than 2.5 million meals have been served, 750 homeless have been placed in housing and the chronic homeless has been reduced by 57%,” said James Andrews, principal of Overland Partners Architects. “The homeless have not been the only beneficiaries of having The Bridge in their community. Since its opening, the local crime rate has reduced by more than 20%.” [08] An analysis of the type of program that is included in this shelter allows for a better understanding of how it has succeeded in improving the neighborhood.

Parking

Recrea onal Space

U li es/ Restrooms/ Showers

Ameni es

Clinics/ Infirmary/ Sick Space

Sleeping Space

Staff/ Administra on

19

8

17 12

11

10

7

14

1

2

3

9

4

9 17

13

6 5

18

18

14 14

[09]

15

4 16

17

N

1st Floor Plan

64

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Entry Court Security Kennels Storage Sleeping Pavilion Main Courtyard Recep on

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

Personal Care Offices Library Women’s Services Secret Garden Resident Courtyard Dinning

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

Kitchen Mechanical Restroom Clinic Training

2

5

1

3 5

[10]

4

2nd Floor Plan 1.

2.

3.

Mens Live/ Work 4.

Womens Live/ Work 5.

Lobby

Services Restroom/ Storage

6 1 5 2

3 5 4 [11]

6

3rd Floor Plan 1.

2.

Interim Housing Women Administra on

3.

4.

5.

Special Needs Housing Interim Housing Men Restrooms/ Storage

6.

Shared Living Space

65

Parking

U li es/ Restrooms/ Showers Clinics/ Infirmary/ Sick Space Sta/ Administra on Recrea onal Space Ameni es

Sleeping Space

32% + 20% + 14% + 13% + 10% + 6% + 5%

With

the

initial

analysis of program provided,

a

break-

down of the square footage per program allows for a better understanding

of

what spaces may be inhabited the most.

A successful balance of

program

allows

for a smoother flow in how services are provided.

[12]

66

[13]

current site conditions From the program analysis conducted, the emphasis in space has been placed into ‘recreational space’, this space does not have a defined function. This program type includes courtyards, dinning halls, and gardens. Open areas that serve multiple uses.

Many of these ‘recreational spaces’ serve as provisional sleeping space for individuals who are not yet residents of the Bridge.

Similar to Haven for Hope in resources however, unlike Haven for Hope this shelter is in an up and coming neighborhood. The ‘out of sight out of mind’ mentality has been rejected and the shelter was placed in an area that is visible at night. The aim of this move was to emphasize the importance of the site as a source of civic pride. This strategy has worked and has created a place that is respected by the community and is well-maintained.

67

The Sleeper is 4 feet high and provides 32 square feet of living space. of

Constructed

plywood

and

waterproofed, stands

18

it inches

off the ground on inverted car jacks. A

[14]

sliding glass window with

an

screen

and

insect vents

assure adequate air circulation

when

the door is closed.

A

4-inch

thick

mattress provides a comfortable sleeping surface. [14]

[14]

There are several projects with similar aims and construction. This is one of the earliest implementations of a quick fix to providing a shelter for the homeless. However, this is only temporary and should be looked at as emergency shelter. Emergency shelter is intended for a short period of time. A shorter time frame than what homeless individuals may need to get back on their feet.

These shelters are better suited to disaster relief when all available shelters have been maxedout, for stays that should not last more than a month.

68

[14]

City Sleeper The City Sleeper can provide a private and safe place for the single homeless person to stay. Taking a non-judgemental, non-reformist attitude towards solving some of the concerns of the homeless, the Sleeper provides them with shelter while supporting the belief that everyone has a right to a home. The most important component for the construction of the Sleeper is a positive commitment to taking direct action in solving one of our society’s most important social problems at a very basic level. [14]

69

Location:

Other Building Description:

9401 NE Sunderland Ave,

new construction

Portland, OR 97211 Total project cost at time of completion, land Architect:

excluded:

self-made structures

n/a

Project Completion Date:

Awards:

began 2001

n/a

Project Site Context/Setting: rural Project Type: housing Building or Project Gross Floor Area: varies but no more than 150 sf per tiny home

[16]

70

1[5]

[17]

Dignity Village Dignity Village is a membership-based community in NE Portland, providing shelter off the streets for 60 people a night since 2001. It’s democratically self-governed with a mission to provide transitional housing that fosters community and selfempowerment– a radical experiment to end homelessness. [15] The aim is to create a green, sustainable urban Village for those who are seeking shelter but are unable to find it. It is necessary to establish a community-based living facility where people living on the streets can have their basic needs met in a stable, sanitary environment free from violence, theft, disruption of peace, drugs and alcohol.

[15]

71

Although empowering by offering individuals a private dwelling along with all the basic needs and a sense of freedom, the problem arises with transitioning out of these tiny homes.

Because of the high housing cost in the area the problem of getting people out of the village has risen. No additional services are provided to allow individuals to move out, they become dependent on the housing and struggle to move out.

TRANSPORTATION A bus stop is provided for the community and the roads are bike-able however, their are not a lot of economic opportunities.

Walking Distance (5 minute increments)

Public Transporta on

Trails ‘Bike-able’ streets

[18] NE Marine Drive

NE MARINE DR.

Columbia Edgewater Country Club

R DD 33R NE

CO

LU M BI

A

SL O

UG H

Columbia Children’s Arboretum

72

Northwest School of Animal Massage

United Salad Co.

Oregon Food Bank Wildshire Riverside LI le League Field

Broadmoor Golf Course

NE MARINE DR.

[19]

CO

LU M BI A

SL O

UG H

R DD 33R NE

5 minutes

10 minutes

N

current site conditions Government

Charities

Parks and Sports Fields

Clinics/ Medical

Church

Schools

POINTS OF INTEREST Dignity Village is located in a rural area far from sight, in between golf fields.

73

Location:

Building or Project Gross Floor Area:

1444 Irving St NW

29,192 square feet

Washington, DC 20010 United States

Other Building Description: New

Architect: Studio Twenty Seven Architecture/Leo A Daly

Total project cost at time of completion, land

Joint Venture

excluded: n/a

Project Completion Date: 2015

Awards: 2015 Residential Architect Design Awards ,

Project Site Context/Setting:

2015 AIA - National Awards

[20]

Urban Brownfield Site Project Type: Food Service Restaurant/Cafeteria Health Care – Clinic Multifamily

[21]

Unit interiors are designed for space efficiency and durability. Inspired by more costly studio loft apartments, each dwelling unit provides floor-to-ceiling operable windows for natural daylighting and ventilation. Units offer a hybrid living, eating, and kitchen space with a sleeping niche. Warm and durable flooring of exposed concrete and bamboo complements crisp white walls and a refined gray kitchen. Each unit is fully ADA compliant. [22] 74

[23]

La Casa Permanent Supportive Housing This project is a permanent supportive housing facility designed for, and operated by, the government of the District of Columbia. “La Casa� is the first permanent supportive housing project for the District’s Department of Human Services. The project consists of 40 single-occupancy units with community and support spaces covering 24,946 square feet. Currently the city operates a variety of housing types and models to accommodate the homeless, most of which focus on temporary, nightly shelter. The La Casa Permanent Supportive Housing Project is the first to develop private dwelling units, with full living spaces, kitchens and baths for the chronically homeless. [20]

75

La Casa also has important urban planning responsibilities. Sightlines extend from La Casa to the metro station, and the vibrancy of the building and its residents is reflected in the comings and goings of metro riders. The building’s seven stories help to make the transition from the nine story buildings that face 14th Street to the lower four and five story buildings that comprise the Irving Street residential neighborhood. The façades reflect the vibrant activity of this urban face along Irving Street. The solid-void pattern of the façade emulates the adjacent multifamily residential buildings to achieve a contextual scale, and the fenestration further refines this texture while providing equal amounts of glazing for each dwelling unit. [24] TRANSPORTATION There are several modes of transportation available in close proximity, one of the most important ones being the metro station.

Walking Distance (5 minute increments) Trails ‘Bike-able’ streets

Public Transporta on

M

Public Transporta on

T SAN LEA MT P

16TH ST NW

[24]

W ST N

M IRVING ST NW

14TH ST NW

COLUMBIA RD NW

76

5 minutes

Powhatan Museum

Lamont Plaza

Shrine of the Sacred Heart Hermano Columbia Heights Pedro Day Chrisঞan Church Shelter New Beginning Family Shelter

16th Street Park

Powell Recreaঞon Center

16TH ST NW

T SAN LEA MT P

Lost Origins Gallery

The District Columbia Heights

Columbia Heights Civic Plaza Bell Soccer Field

Lincoln Middle School

W ST N

Salvaঞon Army Turning Point Dr. Jessalina Grider, MD WIC

Central Presbyterian Church The Table Church CoHi Parish

Smile Center Dental

The Salvaঞon Army Turning Point

La Clinica del Pueblo

Columbia Road Health Services

IRVING ST NW

Arts & Hummaniঞes Commission

14TH ST NW

Rabaut Park

Tubman Elementary School 13th St. Church of Christ

COLUMBIA RD NW

Li le Flower Montessori School

All Souls Church, Washington Family Unitarian Church Naঞonal Cathedral Church of the Saviour

[25]

Medics USA Girard Street Park

HD Cooke Elementary School

N

current site conditions Government

Charities

Parks and Sports Fields

Clinics/ Medical

Church

Schools

POINTS OF INTEREST Amenities are close in proximity, along with schools, clinics, and job opportunities. The location is in a robust part of the city.

77

La Casa is located in Columbia Heights, a neighborhood in the northwest quadrant of Washington, DC. Census data reveals that the current population is almost half Hispanic, while African American and White populations are around a quarter each. Columbia Heights was once known as a “City with a City,” but now is probably better known as “the World within a Neighborhood.” It is arguably one of Washington, DC’s most ethnically and economically diverse neighborhoods. [27]

Parking

Recrea onal Space

U li es/ Restrooms/ Showers

Ameni es

Clinics/ Infirmary/ Sick Space

Sleeping Space

Staff/ Administra on

2[8]

1st Floor Plan

78

1.

2.

3.

4.

Lobby Office Unit Storage

5.

6.

7.

8.

Restroom Bike Storage Mailroom Loading Dock

9.

10.

11.

12.

Trash Drop Community Room Courtyard Mezzanine Balcony

N

[28]

2nd Floor Plan

N

3-7 Typical Floor Plan

[28]

79

Parking

U li es/ Restrooms/ Showers Clinics/ Infirmary/ Sick Space Staff/ Administra on Recrea onal Space Ameni es

62% + 18% + 10% + 5% + 5% Sleeping Space

[29]

80

[30]

current site conditions The multi-modal opportunities along Irving Street allow the new building tenants to disperse easily and conveniently throughout the city, extending their employment possibilities. This project takes into account the population of homeless individuals which are regularly overlooked. This project has been successful by providing optimal location, and vivid thoughtful design. Giving the residents a sense of pride to live in a building which meets or exceeds living standards in a wealthy neighborhood.

81

Location:

Building or Project Gross Floor Area:

500 East 7th Street

26,800 square feet

Austin Texas 78701

Other Building Description:

United States

New Total project cost at time of completion, land

Architect:

excluded:

LZT Architects

$5,000,000.00

Project Completion Date:

Awards: LEED Silver Rated; Austin Energy

April, 2004

Green Building Program 5 star rating; 2006 Texas Society of Architects - Design Awards,

Project Site Context/Setting:

Honorable Mention; 2005 AIA National COTE

Urban

Award – Top Ten Green Buildings; 2004

Brownfield Site

AIA Austin Merit Award - In recognition of excellence in design; 2004 ABC - Associated

Project Type:

General Contractors - Construction and

Food Service Restaurant/Cafeteria

Design

Health Care – Clinic

Construction Magazine Best of 2004 - Design

Lodging – General

Excellence Award; 2004 Downtown Austin

Mixed – Use

Alliance - Public Project Impact Award

[32]

82

Excellence

Award;

2004

Texas

[31]

[33]

Austin Resource Center for the Homeless The Resource Center serves as a meeting place and support center, helping people transition out of homelessness through its many programs. The building includes a large common-use room, showers and locker rooms, laundry facilities, a computer room, an art studio, and offices for various community-support agencies. A clinic, located on the first floor, provides health services. The second floor houses a large commercial kitchen and dining room. Located on the third floor in a pavilion-like structure on the roof is the 100-bed overnight shelter. The sleeping area’s rooftop terrace opens up to panoramic views of the city. [31]

83

The site was selected for its proximity to Austin’s downtown homeless population. However, the site chosen may have not been the optimal in addressing the problem. Placing shelters where the homeless are or where currently gather is not always the best solution. The homeless population tends to go where their are the most services provided to them or where they will not be bothered, analyzing why the homeless population is situated in a specific area is one of the first steps in picking a site. [34]

TRANSPORTATION The Resource Center is sited on a former brownfield in downtown Austin, within easy access of several bus lines. The project also includes preferred parking for carpools, storage space for bicycles, and a fueling station for an electric car. [35] Walking Distance (5 minute increments)

Public Transporta on

Trails ‘Bike-able’ streets

M

Monorail

[36]

E 9T

H ST

84

M

T

REE

R ST

REE T

T

R ED

TRIN

ITY S

TRE

ET

H ST

RIVE

E 7T

REE

5 minutes

US Food & Drug Administraঞon The Conservaঞon Fund First Bapঞst Church of Ausঞn Corner Stone Sleep Disorder Bapঞst Church Clinic Her Domain of Central Ausঞn Presbyterian US Feneral Services Church Administraঞon Ecclesia Ausঞn Church

German Free Schooling City of Ausঞn Info System

E 9T

H ST

[37]

REE

T

Ausঞn Coding Academy

Day School

E 7T

H ST

The Salvaঞon Army City of Ausঞn Police Department

REE

T

Ausঞn Municipal Court

RED

RIVE

ITY S TRE TRIN

Caritas of Ausঞn

R ST

ET

Museum of the World

T

DC Doyle Clinic

REE

St Davis Episcopal Church

Ausঞn Fire Department - Staঞon 1

Joseph and Susanna Dickinson Brush Square

Ausঞn Chamber of Commerce

Waller Creek Greenbelt

Eastside Music School

Ausঞn Convenঞon Center

N

current site conditions Government

Charities

Parks and Sports Fields

Clinics/ Medical

Church

Schools

POINTS OF INTEREST Although close to the downtown area it is located in an underdeveloped area with little amenities or events around it.

There are not enough opportunities for people to find jobs or education.

85

The building includes extensive daylight harvesting. Deep structural frames allow sunlight to enter the building during the winter, but not during the summer. The central light well, which is oriented along a north-south axis, allows a small portion of direct sunlight to enter the building while the majority is reflected from the metal-panel cladding glazing inside the light well. The third-floor roof terrace extends over a portion of the western flat roof, shading part of the roof area. The building’s exposed concrete frame elements act as thermal mass, remaining cool during the early portion of the day and radiating heat in the evening. [31]

Parking

Recrea onal Space

U li es/ Restrooms/ Showers

Ameni es

Clinics/ Infirmary/ Sick Space

Sleeping Space

Sta/ Administra on

86

1st Floor Plan Site Plan 1.

Outdoor Entry Court 2.

Entry Lobby 3.

Laundry Room 4.

Locker Room

[38]

5.

6.

7.

8.

Computer e-mail room Health Clinic U lity Parking

N

[39]

2nd Floor Plan 1.

Outdoor Roof Terrace 2.

Cafeteria 3.

Kitchen 4.

Conference Room 5.

Conference Room 6.

Light Well

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

Shared Mee ng Room Open Office Balcony Office Workroom Office Breakroom Sickbay

13.

14.

15.

16.

Mens Shower Room Women’s Shower Room Art/ Mul -purpose Rm Open to Below

[40]

3rd Floor Plan 1.

2.

3.

4.

Restroom Offices Sleeping Rooms Hallway

5.

6.

7.

8.

Outdoor Roof Terrace Light Well Flat Roof Sloped Metal Roof

87

Parking

U li es/ Restrooms/ Showers Clinics/ Infirmary/ Sick Space Staff/ Administra on Recrea onal Space Ameni es

Sleeping Space

32% + 17% + 16% + 15% + 8% + 7% + 5%

[41]

88

[42]

[43]

current site conditions Although this project focused on many environmental designs and spatial qualities for the homeless, the size of the shelter was deemed inadequate. Tents have poppedup around the facility and has created a dense grouping of the homeless population that was not there to begin with. The homeless were spread throughout the area, the project is considered a failure for the community since it has created a visible encampment in the area. [44]

89

Location:

Other Building Description:

1950 Mission St, San Francisco, CA 94103

housing

United State Total project cost at time of completion, land Architect:

excluded:

San Francisco Public Works, Building Design

$3,000,000

& Construction – Architecture Division Awards: Project Completion Date: March 2015 Project Site Context/Setting: Urban Project Type: Re-model Building or Project Gross Floor Area: n/a

[46]

90

n/a

[45]

[47]

Navigation Center The Mission Street Navigation Center is located in the heart of the mission district, to provide individuals with a temporary place to stay and facilitate access to basic services for those in need.

Services offered at the Mission Street Navigation Center includes meals and personal hygiene access, counseling and community services.

The Facility consists of dormitory unit accommodations, including special needs facilities, dinning, restrooms, showers and laundry services and dog kennel units. [48]

91

Something that is rarely seen in emergency shelters is the availability of storage and kennels for the temporary residents. Many emergency shelters lack pet kennels, which is one of the reasons some of the homeless population refuses to enter some shelters.

A problem that arrises from remodeled buildings is that, they tend to look bland and uninviting.

Snip-its of the center look appealing but many of these “higher” end finishes do not last and end up making the building look a bit tacky.

TRANSPORTATION There are sufficient modes of transportation that allow for navigation to other areas with more economic opportunities.

Walking Distance (5 minute increments)

Public Transporta on

Trails ‘Bike-able’ streets

M

Public Transporta on

[49]

E

S VAN NESS AV

15TH STREET

VALENCIA ST

16TH STREET

M

5 minutes

92

Crossroad Women’s Center

S VAN NESS AV

San Francisco Armory

[50]

Farming Hope

E

The Episcopal Church of St. John the Evangelist

15TH STREET

Marshall Elementary School

Community United Against Violence

The City 420 Doctors

Stone Werx Theater

VALENCIA ST

Lost Church

16TH STREET

Victoria Theatre The Cocktail Camp

Kidpower Park Mission Neighborhood Resource Center

N

current site conditions Government

Charities

Parks and Sports Fields

Clinics/ Medical

Church

Schools

POINTS OF INTEREST This area has little benefits for the homeless population, it is in a low income area that may have been the cheapest for acquiring land while staying close to an existing homeless population.

93

This type of shelter only provides a temporary solution until the city figures out how to deal with the homeless population. Renovating old buildings is a good alternative to low-cost shelters, however the challenge lies in picking the correct site and using an existing structure that was not intended to be a shelter. Low cost renovations tend to wear a lot faster than many tend to anticipate. [43] Parking

Recrea onal Space

U li es/ Restrooms/ Showers

Ameni es

Clinics/ Infirmary/ Sick Space

Sleeping Space

Staff/ Administra on

94

1st Floor Plan Site Plan 1.

Dormitories 2.

Dormitories Special Needs 3.

Staff 4.

Dormitories 20 Units

[51]

5.

6.

7.

Dormitories 20 Units Living Room - Dinning & Kitchen Dormitories 15 Units

8.

9.

10.

11.

N

Dormitories 20 Units Services Offices Showers / Laundry Room Staff Restrooms

[52]

current site conditions Like

many

other

shelters, recreational space is emphasized for

a

multi-

functioning area that can provided other services

for

the

temporary residents of this shelter.

59% + 20% + 8% + 7% + 6%

95

IV

96

analysis of the vegas valley

[01]

97

overview of the valley The block system of Las Vegas is based on a grid system, the only place where this differs is in the downtown area. There are few ‘walk-able’ streets and building patterns are heavily designed around the vehicle. For this chapter, a analysis of the demographics, areas of wealth and proximity to opportunities in those areas will be analyzed in order to begin to pin-point areas of interest. These areas of interest will be chosen based on how beneficial and opportune these areas will be to help the homeless population.

98

[02]

99

4% Two or more Races 6% Asian 11% African American L 31% Hispanic 48% White P

Hospital School Library

Police Station Airport

[03]

Fire Station

Transit Station

50%

306 thousand

In

order

to

pick

optimal

locations

for

different

the

demographics

of

homelessness,

basic

services need to be located.

50

%

[03]

100

306 thousand

An of

understanding demographics

is

also

to

understand

important the

cultures in the valley.

[04/05]

101

Only English 66.5% Every 15 Minutes

Every 20 Minutes

Languages

Spanish 25.4%

Every 30 Minutes

Every 40-60 Minutes

Asian 4.8% Other Indo-European 2.5% Other 0.8%

No Stops [07]

Locating current public transportation allows for a better understanding of which areas are the most accessible.

38.1 36.7

+1.26%

+1.14%

= 37.4 Median Age

+1.54%

+1.63%

8%

+1.65% +1.58%

595,438 2012

[07]

102

641,676 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

[05/06]

103

28

25

%

7

%

%

-9th Grade

9th-12th Grade

[07]

%

9

15

8

%

% High School Graduate

Some College

Associates Degree

In order to understand where the most economic opportunities

Bachelors Degree

8

% Graduate Degree

Shelters

are, work clusters need to be located. The majority of these opportunities are in proximity to the downtown strip.

Work Clusters

10.48%

.07 0

White [07]

104

26.7%

25.66%

23.07%

11.17%

.14

18.67%

18.26%

.21

21.28%

.28

Asian

Islander Hispanic Other Poverty by Race

Black

02/03

[05/03]

105

Estimated Income per area (right) + 75k + 95k + 40k

+ 20k - 20k

Understanding where job clusters are is a vital part in choosing sites.

However, the economic wealth of areas provides an insight on which areas may be established and incorporated

communities

with

possibly lower crime rates.

Grocery Store Locations (left) $11.01-$18 $0-$11 Service Area accessibility 20 min. walk 5 min. walk 10 min. walk [08]

5 min. walk

Density of Area (left) lowest density

highest density

Another

silent

connection

can

be seen with the food desert maps. While some of Las Vegas neighborhoods

are

situated

in

areas that could be immediately considered food deserts, their are socioeconomic factors that hinder access to food.

[08]

106

[09]

107

V

108

places for acclimation

[01]

109

selected sites Based off of the initial analysis of the different homeless populations and the analysis of the valley, an array of sites can begin to be analyzed for possible locations of shelters. These site encompass current and future opportunities with how the area will develope over time.

110

[02]

111

RECOMMENDATIONS OF PROGRAMS NEAR SITES Groceries Stores

Schools

Necessary

Public Transit

Recommended

Government Offices

Avoid

Job Loss/ Foreclosure / Eviction + Physically Incapacitated/ Elders

PTSD/ Grief + Addiction

Domestic Violence/ Divorce/ Families + Illegal Immigrant/ Refugee/ Natural Disaster

Mental Illness

Teenagers/ Young Adults

112

Employment Opportunities

Convicts + Sexual Offenders

JOB LOSS/ FORECLOSURE / EVICTION This demographic is the most flexible and easiest to accommodate. Because of this it may be fastest in acclimating individuals back into society.

PHYSICALLY INCAPACITATED/ELDERS Because of physical limitations it is imperative that basic needs and amenities are within a walk-able distance of less than a 10 minute walk.

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE/ DIVORCE/ FAMILIES Because this demographic includes children it needs to be in proximity to schools, the size of this facility may be larger to the rest since it will need to house families.

ILLEGAL IMMIGRANT/ REFUGEE/ NATURAL DISASTER Because this demographic includes children it needs to be in proximity to schools, the size of this facility may be larger to the rest since it will need to house families and may greatly fluctuate in population.

PTSD/ GRIEF Individuals with a higher risk of suicidal tendencies and depression are a risk to themselves and those around them. It is highly advised to locate this type of shelter away from schools.

ADDICTION Because of the possible interaction with children it is highly advised to locate this type of shelter away from schools.

MENTAL ILLNESS Because of the possible interaction with children it is highly advised to locate this type of shelter away from schools.

TEENAGERS/ YOUNG ADULTS It is highly advised to locate within proximity of schools and parks.

Especially environments which promote communal interaction.

CONVICTS/ SEXUAL OFFENDERS This demographic is restricted by current laws and regulations, specifically those individuals who have been convicted of sexual assault. Any areas in proximity to day care or schools is off limits.

113

areas of interest Job Loss/ Foreclosure / Eviction + Physically Incapacitated/ Elders

2, 3-6 Mixing people who have physical disabilities with those who do not, posses

different

opportunities

for these individuals to help one another.

Domestic Violence/ Divorce/ Families + Illegal Immigrant/ Refugee/ Natural Disaster

2, 5-6, 9-11-12 This demographic must be in proximity to schools and pediatric care.

Teenagers/ Young Adults

2, 5-6, 9,11-12 Proximity to schools is important but also to a community oriented neighborhood.

PTSD/ Grief + Addiction

2-6,9, 1112 Those

with

PTSD,

Grief

and

Addiction may be best suited to areas away from excessive activity or noise.

Mental Illness

This

1-2, 9-11

demographic

location

which

is

requires

away

a

from

excessive activity or noise. The site, may need to be larger to accommodate individuals who may not be able to live on their own.

7-8

Convicts + Sexual Offenders Because

of

the

stringent

conditions of some convicts, the possible site locations are limited.

114

[03/04]

3

4

1 2 12 7

56 8

9 11 10

115

[05]

1

Foremaster Lane, Las Vegas, NV This is where the ‘Corridor of Hope’ is planned to be built, in the first chapter of this book their is a similar analysis of the area. This area does not boast as many opportunities for employment, the demographic for this area may potentially focus on is the mentally ill. Since it is a more rural than urban, it posses less of a risk for individuals who may get lost.

[06]

116

S TONOPAH DR

Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department The Fringe, Las Vegas

ALTA DR

Healthcare Partners

ABC Academy of Learning Healthy Minds LLC.

Imaginaঞon Plus Child Development Clark County Public Administraঞon Clark County Coroner

Adams Place Victory Missionary Bapঞst Church

Valley Hospital Medical Center

Auঞsm Foundaঞon Center

Rape Crisis Center

Clark County Social Services Clark County Computer Operator 5 minutes

Horizon Specialty Hospital of L.V.

Avella Specialty Pharmacy Rita E. Marreo, CNM

Las Vegas Neurology Center Desert Neurology

March of Dimes

SHADOW LN

WHASN HA Central

UNLV Medicine Pediatric Center

Las Vegas Hawaiian Civic Club University Medical Center UNLV School of Medicine

UNLV School of Dental Medicine

Government

Charities

Parks and Sports Fields

Clinics/ Medical

Church

Schools

Walking Distance (5 minute increments)

Trails ‘Bike-able’ streets

Public Transporta on

Alta Dr and Sahara Ln, Las Vegas, NV

S M.L.K. BLVD

RANCHO DRIVE

[07]

N

2

This site is located in what is being called the Neon district. A lot of development will happen in the following years including the School of Medicine, and the light rail which will have a stop at the school of medicine. It has proximity to several medical facilities and amenities.

117

[08]

3

Carson Ave and S 7th St This site is in proximity to many attractions, it provides several employment opportunities, and is situated in the path of the new light rail system planned for construction, linking downtown with the airport.

[09]

Government

Charities

Parks and Sports Fields

Clinics/ Medical

Church

Schools

Freemont Experience

Trade & Fashion Academy

The D Las Vegas

FR EE M

Historic Fi[h Street School

Lloyd D George Courthouse

T

St. Joseph Roman Catholic Church Downtown Container Park

ST

New Hope Foundaঞon Internaঞonal

US Dept. of Housing and Urbanism US Probaঞon OLce, District of Nevada US Bankruptcy Court, Dist. of Nevada

TS

S7 TH

SL AS VE GA S

BLV D

ON

El Cortez

EC

AR

First Church of Christ, Scienঞst, Las Vegas

Honorable Alan R Earl

EB

SO

NA VE

Teach for America

RID

5 minutes

GE

RA VE

Las Vegas High Shcool Academy

Junior League of Las Vegas

9th Bridge School

118 HD Cooke Elementary School

CE NT ER BLV D

Nevada Jusঞce Associaঞon

SC

AR SO N

CA SIN O

Full Gospel Deliverance Church

[10]

First Friday Burlesque Hall of Fame

5 minutes

CO O

LID

Las Vegas Community Healing Garden

Sought Church

GE

AV E Wolfson Medical Center

The Arts Factory

E CHARLESTON BLVD

First Person Care Clinic

Walking Distance (5 minute increments)

Trails ‘Bike-able’ streets

210 Coolidge Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89101

Public Transporta on

N

4

Across from LV Community Healing Garden and the First Friday event. This location host several opportunities and is becoming a zone for redevelopment.

[11]

119

[12]

5

3661 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89169 Across from Boulevard Mall, this site provides proximity to schools, stores, parks and a future light rail that will be installed on Maryand.

[13]

120

Thomas Elementary School

S MARYLAND PKWY

Boys & Girls Club

Dean Peterson Elementary School

[14]

Alderson Clinic for Drug Abuse

Goodwill Donaঞon Center/ Store 5 minutes

William E. Orr Middle School

Molasky Family Park

Clark County Social Services

Nevada Health Centers

Kae’s Cube of Life

ALGOQUIN DR

CAMBRIDGE ST

E KATIE AVE

Dr. Noel R. Fajado, MD

Government

Charities

Parks and Sports Fields

Clinics/ Medical

Church

Schools

Walking Distance (5 minute increments)

Trails ‘Bike-able’ streets

Public Transporta on

S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89169, behind Boulevard Mall

N

6

This site, behind the Mall provides an opportunity for integrated program into the Mall. While providing the same benefits of site 5.

121

[15]

7

13 Audrie St, Las Vegas, NV 89109 Located behind the Miricle Mile Shops, this location host several employment opportunities, it is also one of the few locations where schools are the least prominent.

[16]

122

Marrio ’s Grand Chateau Luxury Suites Internaঞonal

[17] 5 minutes

Topgolf

MGM Grand Conference Center

AUDRIE ST

Hard Rock Cafe

MGM Grand

Government

Charities

Parks and Sports Fields

Clinics/ Medical

Church

Schools

Walking Distance (5 minute increments)

Trails ‘Bike-able’ streets

Public Transporta on

215 Audrie St, Las Vegas, NV 89109

N

8

Across from the grand spa and fitness center, similar conditions to site 7.

123

[18]

9

E Warm Springs Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89120 Across from the dog park, it is located in an area which is less trafficked but suitable for long term housing.

[19]

124

Belle Medical of Henderson Las Vegas Center for Auঞsm & Related Disorders Nocturnal Sleep Center

[20]

Pain Management and Wellness Center

HWY 215

ST ROSE PKWY

South Hills Community Church

5 minutes Keller Graduate School of Management Nevada Department of Taxaঞon

Dr Vecchio

PA SE O

VE

RD

EP

KW

Y

Paseo Vista Park

Esenঞal Womens Health Associates

WIC Special Educaঞon Dignity Community Church & Womens Care

Government

Charities

Parks and Sports Fields

Clinics/ Medical

Church

Schools

Walking Distance (5 minute increments)

Trails ‘Bike-able’ streets

Public Transporta on

3360 E Serene Ave Henderson, NV 89074

N

10

Next to South Hills Community Church, in an upper-middle class area in Henderson. Suitable for long term housing.

125

[21]

11

1675 American Pacific Dr Henderson, NV 89074 Across from Arroyo Grande Sports Complex, in a middle-class neighborhood suited for families.

Government

Charities

Parks and Sports Fields

Clinics/ Medical

Church

Schools

Walking Distance (5 minute increments)

Trails ‘Bike-able’ streets

Public Transporta on

[22]

Arroyo Grande Sports Complex

Encounter Church Las Vegas Herderson Parks & Recreaঞon

126

O OY R AR

ERICAN PAC IFIC DR

God Behind Always an Answer Bars Counseling Center

A GR

Nevada DMV Stephanie Dental Group

N STEPHANIE ST

N

ND EB

LV D

AM

Nevada State High School Columbia Dental The Vine 5 minutes Church LV

N

Cornerstone Park

Las Vegas College

S Hualapai Way, Las Vegas, NV 89117

12

Across from Christine Harper’s Dance West, this is an a suburban neighborhood, far from the strip but in a wealthy area suited for families.

[23]

127

VI

128

specialized shelter typologies

[01]

129

evolving out of stigma In order to move the shelter typology away from stigma, its use and architectural approach needs to change. Picking the correct site for a demographic of homelessness is the first. Basic services and amenities need to be in proximity to the shelter.

These centers need to encompass program which engages the community and allows exposure to an epidemic, which is incorrectly handled and labeled stereotyped.

130

[02]

131

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROGRAM

Gym

Recommended Necessary Avoid

132

Physical Therapy Center

Park

Playground

REQUIRED PROGRAM Recreational Space/ Public Space Amenities: Pet Kennels + Pet Clinic + Storage Units Sleeping Space Living Space Staff Administration Physical +Health Clinics/ Infirmary Utilities + Bathrooms Mail Services + Laundry Computer Room + Job Center Bank

Activities Center

Tutor Center

Legal Day-care Addiction Services (Children or Elders) Center

Self Injection Addiction Mental Illness Site Support Groups Clinic

Job Loss/ Foreclosure / Eviction + Physically Incapacitated/ Elders

PTSD/ Grief + Addiction

Domestic Violence/ Divorce/ Families + Illegal Immigrant/ Refugee/ Natural Disaster

Mental Illness

Teenagers/ Young Adults

Convicts + Sexual Offenders

133

Since there is an array of individuals which are homeless most places need to encompass ‘Spaces of Universal Design’. Places of universal design are accessible to all, shelters need to include a higher degree of accessibility.

ENVIRONMENT HOUSING & PLACE

EFFICIENT & EFFECTIVE SERVICE

COMMUNITY SAFETY

WHAT DO COMMUNITIES NEED?

ENTERPRISE & SKILL

HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE

CHILDREN, YOUTH & EDUCATION

TACKLING POVERTY ACCESS & TRANSPORT

THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN DESIGNING SHELTERS

POLICY (local, state, and federal policies)

COMMUNITY (community resources that promote social norms)

ORGANIZATIONAL/ INSTITUTIONAL (the rules and regulations of organizations) INTERPERSONAL (an individual’s relationship’s with others)

INDIVIDUAL/ INTERPERSONAL (knowledge, skills, and motivation of an individual) 134

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ADDITIONAL PROGRAM JOB LOSS/ FORECLOSURE INCAPACITATED/ELDERS

/

EVICTION

+

PHYSICALLY

Library Community Center Boutique Store/ Thrift Store Public Coffee Shop Park + Playground

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE/ DIVORCE/ FAMILIES + ILLEGAL IMMIGRANT/ REFUGEE/ NATURAL DISASTER Library Community Center Boutique Store/ Thrift Store Public Coffee Shop Park + Playground

TEENAGERS/ YOUNG ADULTS Library Community Center Boutique Store/ Thrift Store Public Coffee Shop Park + Playground PTSD/ GRIEF + ADDICTION Library Community Center Boutique Store/ Thrift Store Public Coffee Shop Park + Playground

MENTAL ILLNESS Community Center Boutique Store/ Thrift Store Public Coffee Shop

CONVICTS/ SEXUAL OFFENDERS Boutique Store/ Thrift Store Public Coffee Shop

135

EMERGENCY SERVICES Internal Mental Health

Services Available: Health Services, Mental Health Support, Addiction Rehabilitation, Emergency Responses Challenges: Personal Space,

Safety & Security Challenges: Violence & Crime, Sickness & injury, Storing Possessions, Protection

Continual Anxiety, Past Trauma,

BASIC NEEDS

Physiological Needs

Addictions, Mental Disorders Services Available: Overnight

Cleanliness & Hygiene

Shelters, Food Banks, Soup

Challenges: Laundry, Bathrooms

Kitchens, Free Clothing Stores

Showers, Toiletries

Challenges: Nourishment, Hydration, Warmth

ECONOMIC SECURITY Barriers to Employment

Services Available: Job Seeker

Navigating the System

Assistance, Job Training, Actual

Challenges: Many Services,

Employment

Multiple Offices, Required Info

Challenges: Perceptions, Job

Deadlines, Aggressive Authorities

Training, Access to Education, Youth Education, Reliable Transit

SOCIAL & LIFE SKILLS Social Isolation

Services Available: Life Skills

Not part of Society

Development, Transitional Housing

Challenges: No Mailing Address,

Challenges: Rejection,

Identification, Documents, Internet

Discrimination, Ignored, Verbal

Access, Phone Access

Abuse, Loneliness

the necessities in every shelter DESIGN STRATEGIES 14 PATTERNS OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN [03] Biophilic design can reduce stress, enhance creativity and clarity of thought, improve our well-being and expedite healing. Theorists, research scientists, and design practitioners have been working for decades to define aspects of nature that most impact our satisfaction with the built environment. “14 Patterns of Biophilic Design� articulates the relationships between nature, human biology and the design of the built environment so that we may experience the human benefits of biophilia in our design applications. Biophilia looks at the evolution of Biophilic design in architecture and planning and presents a framework for relating the human biological science and nature.

Nature in the Space

136

1

Visual Connection to Nature

2

Non-visual Connection with Nature

3

Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli

4

Thermal and Air Flow Variability

5

Presence of Water

6

Dynamic and Diffused Daylight

7

Connection with Natural Systems

Natural Analogues 8

Biophilic Forms and Patterns

9

Material Connection with Nature

10

Complexity and Order

Nature of the space 11

Prospect

12

Refuge

13

Mystery

14

Risk and Peril

CLIENTS, NOT OFFENDERS [04] For those who come out of prison facilities many of the rehabilitation programs and architecture of the facilities tend to treat the people who come for help as offenders although they have already payed for their crime. The goal of many of these facilities is to help with addiction or job-reentry. In order to avoid re-incarceration, they must be treated as clients and it is recommended to address individuals underlying attitudes about crime and work, making them more likely to succeed at getting and keeping jobs.

BRANDED SPACES [04] Emotions have a profound impact on corporate and organizational branding.

Branding is of utmost importance to every business, nonprofit group and organization. One design strategizes often used is ‘Environmental branding’. Which consists of aligning a three-dimensional space with a brand’s positioning - this can work as a major differentiator in establishing a brand identity. By expressing a brand’s essence in showrooms, work areas, trade exhibits or any other customeroriented space, the consumer experiences the brand. This strategy can be implemented into shelters and rehabilitation facilities to begin treating people as clients.

SIT BACK AND STAY A WHILE [04] Another strategy used in Hotels and Casinos is design that speaks to the senses.

This type of design emphasis can evoke comfort and relaxation, causing end-users - customers or otherwise - to want to spend more time in the space. When dealing in the hospitality industry, an understanding of the basic emotion that produces the ‘wow’ feeling can vary based on customer type. Hospitality design specifically strives to target the five senses to create an uplifting and soothing environment for decompression and escapism. Sensory design measures in other environments typically include integrating the outside environment with that of the interior through the use of large windows. The act of introducing nature elevates the senses, making happier, more productive employees, students etc. Adding vivid textures, lighting and colors create active interior spaces full of energy and movement, conducive to workplace interaction. Although mainly aesthetic, this can create an environment that is far from an institutional facility which, tends to be the case with many rehabilitation facilities and shelters.

THE POWER TO HEAL [04] The role of sensory design is to create a patient-focused, family-centered and safe space to be in. Successful branding is, indeed, the seduction of the senses. Whether through an enticing aroma, an inviting plush chair or a stress-reducing view outside the window, the senses make the most positive of all emotional connections.

137

implementation of program Since there is an array of demographics of homelessness different sites and programs are required. Instead of fencing shelters from the community, they need to become a point of interest to the community by opening up physically and programmatically to include the surrounding context.

138

[01]

139

Freemont Experience

Trade & Fashion Academy

The D Las Vegas [02]

FR EE

NT

ST

St. Joseph Roman Catholic Church Downtown Container Park

T

New Hope Foundaঞon Internaঞonal

TH S

SL AS VE GA S

BLV D

MO

El Cortez

S7

US Dept. of Housing and Urbanism

EC

AR

US Probaঞon OLce, District of Nevada US Bankruptcy Court, Dist. of Nevada

First Church of Christ, Scienঞst, Las Vegas

Historic Fi[h Street School

Honorable Alan R Earl

Lloyd D George Courthouse

EB

SO

NA VE

Teach for America

RID

5 minutes

GE

RA VE

Las Vegas High Shcool Academy

Junior League of Las Vegas

9th Bridge School HD Cooke Elementary School

N

[03]

140

Government

Charities

Parks and Sports Fields

Clinics/ Medical

Church

Schools

Walking Distance (5 minute increments)

Trails ‘Bike-able’ streets

Public Transporta on

Employment Opportunities

Broader context

What is specific for this demographic?

Public Transit

Activities Center

Public Coffee Shop

Addiction Center

4

Proximity of resources Boutique Store/ & amenities Thrift Store Include project programs open to the public Gym + Physical Therapy Center Community 2 Center Day-care (Elders) Include specialized program Library 3

Groceries/ Stores

1 Analyze demographics of proposed site

Government Offices

Park

Site

take into account any possible environmental issues on the site, any restrictions for building use or program.

Addiction Support Groups

People

Local Officials

Engagement of the surrounding community, charities & local officials to promote better information + communication

Activists Local Officials INDIVIDUAL/ INTERPERSONAL (knowledge, skills, COMMUNITY and motivation of an (community resources that promote individual) social norms)

BASIC NEEDS

EMERGENCY SERVICES

ECONOMIC SECURITY SOCIAL & LIFE SKILLS

Project Plan

A non-linear process links expertise, people, environment and design to the broader context to responsibly respond to the needs of the community.

POLICY (local, state, and federal policies)

JOB LOSS/FORECLOSURE /EVICTION + PHYSICALLY INCAPACITATED & ELDERS Physical + Health Clinics/ Recreational Space/ Public Space 15-20% Infirmary 15-20%

Because this demographic includes elderly people and those with physical disabilities ‘Spaces of

Staff Administration 10-15%

Mail Services + Laundry 3-5%

Universal Design’ are required for greater accessibility.

Computer Room + Job Center 5-10%

Sleeping Space 25-30%

10

Additional program that is

20

30

40

50

included: Gym + Physical Therapy Center included in the Physical + Health Clinic And Adult Day-care

Living Space 15-20%

Amenities: Pet Kennels + Pet Clinic, Storage Units 5-10%

which is included in the Recreational/ Public Space Utilities/ Bathrooms 10-15%

Bank 3-5%

141

Sleeping Space 25-30% Living Space 15-20%

PRIVATE PROGRAM

Utilities/ Bathrooms 10-15%

Amenities: Pet Kennels + Pet Clinic, Storage Units 5-10%

Bank 3-5%

Physical + Health Clinics/ Infirmary 15-20% Includes Programs Open to the Public Staff Administration 10-15%

Computer Room + Job Center 5-10%

PUBLIC PROGRAM Mail Services + Laundry 3-5%

Recreational Space/ Public Space 15-20% Includes Programs Open to the Public

142

PUBLIC TO PRIVATE >>>>>>>

[04]

EC

MOST TRAFFICKED SIDEWALKS

AR

SO

NA

VE FU

TU

RE

LIG

HT

RA

WINTER GUSTS

IL P

AT

H

S7

TH

ST

MAIN POINTS OF ENTRY/ EXIT

YEARLY SUN PATH

PREDOMINANT WIND

N

143

Thomas Elementary School

S MARYLAND PKWY

Boys & Girls Club

[05]

Dean Peterson Elementary School

Alderson Clinic for Drug Abuse

Goodwill Donaঞon Center/ Store 5 minutes

William E. Orr Middle School

Molasky Family Park

Clark County Social Services

Nevada Health Centers

Kae’s Cube of Life

N

[06]

144

Dr. Noel R. Fajado, MD

ALGOQUIN DR

CAMBRIDGE ST

E KATIE AVE

Government

Charities

Parks and Sports Fields

Clinics/ Medical

Church

Schools

Walking Distance (5 minute increments)

Trails ‘Bike-able’ streets

Public Transporta on

Employment Opportunities Public Transit

Gym

Public Coffee Shop

Mental Illness Clinic

Broader context

What is specific for this demographic?

Are there any restrictions?

Government Offices

4 Addiction Proximity of resources Boutique Store/ Center 3 & amenities Thrift Store Physical Groceries/ Include project programs Therapy Center Stores open to the public Park + Playground, Activities Community 2 Center + Tutor Center, Legal Support Groups Center Include specialized Services, Day-care program Library 1 Analyze demographics of proposed site

Site

take into account any possible environmental issues on the site, any restrictions for building use or program.

People

Local Officials

Schools

Engagement of the surrounding community, charities & local officials to promote better information + communication

Activists Local Officials INDIVIDUAL/ INTERPERSONAL (knowledge, skills, COMMUNITY and motivation of an (community resources that promote individual) social norms)

BASIC NEEDS

EMERGENCY SERVICES

ECONOMIC SECURITY SOCIAL & LIFE SKILLS

Project Plan

A non-linear process links expertise, people, environment and design to the broader context to responsibly respond to the needs of the community.

POLICY (local, state, and federal policies)

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE/ DIVORCE/ FAMILIES + IMMIGRANT/ REFUGEE Physical + Health Clinics/ Recreational Space/ Public Space 15-20% Infirmary 5-15%

Since this demographic largely includes families and children, it needs to be Staff Administration

Mail Services + Laundry 3-5%

10-15%

in proximity to schools.

Computer Room + Job Center 5-10%

Additional program thatSleeping Space should be included:

25-30%

10

Day care, Community

20

30

40

50

Center, Park + Playground.

Other program that is suggested: Library, Boutique Store/ Thrift Store, Coffee Shop,

Living Space 10-15%

Amenities: Pet Kennels + Pet Clinic, Storage Units 5-15%

etc.

Utilities/ Bathrooms 10-15%

Bank 5-10%

145

Sleeping Space 25-30%

Living Space 10-15%

Amenities: Pet Kennels + Pet Clinic, Storage Units 5-15% PRIVATE PROGRAM

Utilities/ Bathrooms 10-15%

Bank 5-10% Physical + Health Clinics/ Infirmary 5-15% Includes Programs Open to the Public

Staff Administration 10-15%

Computer Room + Job Center 5-10%

PUBLIC PROGRAM

Mail Services + Laundry 3-5%

Recreational Space/ Public Space 15-20% Includes Programs Open to the Public

146

PUBLIC TO PRIVATE >>>>>>>

[07]

WINTER GUSTS

MOST TRAFFICKED SIDEWALKS

MAIN POINTS OF ENTRY/ EXIT

PREDOMINANT WIND

YEARLY SUN PATH N

ALGOQUIN DR

KATIE AVE

147

[08] Arroyo Grande Sports Complex

Encounter Church Las Vegas Herderson Parks & Recreaঞon

O OY R AR

ERICAN PAC IFIC DR

God Behind Always an Answer Bars Counseling Center

A GR

Nevada DMV Stephanie Dental Group

N STEPHANIE ST

N

ND EB

LV D

AM

Nevada State High School Columbia Dental The Vine 5 minutes Church LV

Las Vegas College

Cornerstone Park

N

[09]

148

Government

Charities

Parks and Sports Fields

Clinics/ Medical

Church

Schools

Walking Distance (5 minute increments)

Trails ‘Bike-able’ streets

Public Transporta on

Employment Opportunities Public Transit

Groceries/ Stores

Library Public Coffee Shop

Addiction Center

Broader context

What is specific for this demographic?

Government Offices

4

Proximity of resources Boutique Store/ 3 & amenities Thrift Store Include project programs

open to the public Park + Playground, Activities 2 Community Center + Tutor Center, Gym Include specialized Center program 1 Analyze demographics of proposed site

Site

take into account any possible environmental issues on the site, any restrictions for building use or program.

Addiction Support Groups

People

Local Officials

Schools

Engagement of the surrounding community, charities & local officials to promote better information + communication

Activists Local Officials INDIVIDUAL/ INTERPERSONAL (knowledge, skills, COMMUNITY and motivation of an (community resources that promote individual) social norms)

BASIC NEEDS

EMERGENCY SERVICES

ECONOMIC SECURITY SOCIAL & LIFE SKILLS

Project Plan

A non-linear process links expertise, people, environment and design to the broader context to responsibly respond to the needs of the community.

POLICY (local, state, and federal policies)

TEENAGERS/ YOUNG ADULTS Physical + Health Clinics/ Recreational Space/ Public Space 15-25% Infirmary 5-10%

Since this demographic largely includes children and young adults, it needs Staff Administration

Mail Services + Laundry 3-5%

10-15%

to be in proximity to schools.

Computer Room + Job Center 5-10%

Sleeping Space 25-30%

Additional program that

10

should be included:

20

30

40

50

Community center and Library.

Other program that is suggested: Park + Playground, Coffee

Living Space 10-15%

Amenities: Pet Kennels + Pet Clinic, Storage Units 3-5%

shop, etc.

Utilities/ Bathrooms 10-15%

Bank 3-5%

149

Sleeping Space 25-30%

Living Space 10-15%

PRIVATE PROGRAM

Amenities: Pet Kennels + Pet Clinic, Storage Units 3-5%

Utilities/ Bathrooms 10-15%

Bank 3-5% Physical + Health Clinics/ Infirmary 5-10% Includes Programs Open to the Public Staff Administration 10-15% PUBLIC PROGRAM

Recreational Space/ Public Space 15-25% Includes Programs Open to the Public

150

Computer Room + Job Center 5-10%

Mail Services + Laundry 3-5%

PUBLIC TO PRIVATE >>>>>>>

[10]

MOST TRAFFICKED SIDEWALKS

AMERICAN PACIFIC DR MAIN POINTS OF ENTRY/ EXIT

WINTER GUSTS

BI

KE

PA

TH

S

YEARLY SUN PATH

PREDOMINANT WIND

N

151

S TONOPAH DR

RANCHO DRIVE

[11]

Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department The Fringe, Las Vegas

ALTA DR

Healthcare Partners

ABC Academy of Learning Healthy Minds LLC.

Imaginaঞon Plus Child Development Clark County Public Administraঞon Clark County Coroner

Victory Missionary Bapঞst Church

Valley Hospital Medical Center

Auঞsm Foundaঞon Center

Rape Crisis Center March of Dimes

N

[12]

152

Las Vegas Neurology Center Desert Neurology

Clark County Social Services Clark County Computer Operator 5 minutes

Horizon Specialty Hospital of L.V.

S M.L.K. BLVD

Adams Place

SHADOW LN

WHASN HA Central

UNLV Medicine Pediatric Center

Avella Specialty Pharmacy Rita E. Marreo, CNM Las Vegas Hawaiian Civic Club

University Medical Center UNLV School of Medicine

UNLV School of Dental Medicine

Government

Charities

Parks and Sports Fields

Clinics/ Medical

Church

Schools

Walking Distance (5 minute increments)

Trails ‘Bike-able’ streets

Public Transporta on

Employment Opportunities

Broader context

What is specific for this demographic?

Public Transit

Activities Center

Library

Park

4

Community Center

Government Offices

Proximity of resources 3 & amenities Boutique Store/ Include project programs Thrift Store open to the public Addiction Center, Self Injection 2 Site, Addiction Support Groups, Public Coffee Include specialized Mental Illness Clinic Shop program Groceries/ Stores 1 Analyze demographics of proposed site Local Officials

Legal Services

Site

take into account any possible environmental issues on the site, any restrictions for building use or program.

Gym

People

Engagement of the surrounding community, charities & local officials to promote better information + communication

Activists Local Officials INDIVIDUAL/ INTERPERSONAL (knowledge, skills, COMMUNITY and motivation of an (community resources that promote individual) social norms)

BASIC NEEDS

EMERGENCY SERVICES

ECONOMIC SECURITY SOCIAL & LIFE SKILLS

Project Plan

A non-linear process links expertise, people, environment and design to the broader context to responsibly respond to the needs of the community.

POLICY (local, state, and federal policies)

PTSD/ GRIEF + ADDICTION Physical + Health Clinics/ Recreational Space/ Public Space 15-20% Infirmary 15-20%

This demographic needs to be away from casinos, liquor stores, and gun

Staff Administration 10-15%

stores.

Mail Services + Laundry 3-5%

Computer Room + Job Center 5-10%

Sleeping Space 25-30%

Additional program that

10

should be included:

20

30

40

50

art gallery + workshop.

Other program that is suggested: Library, Boutique Store/ Thrift Store, Coffee Shop,

Living Space 10-15%

Amenities: Pet Kennels + Pet Clinic, Storage Units 5-10%

etc.

Utilities/ Bathrooms 10-15%

Bank 3-5%

153

Sleeping Space 25-30%

Living Space 10-15%

PRIVATE PROGRAM

Utilities/ Bathrooms 10-15%

Amenities: Pet Kennels + Pet Clinic, Storage Units 5-10%

Bank 3-5%

Physical + Health Clinics/ Infirmary 15-20% Includes Programs Open to the Public Staff Administration 10-15%

Computer Room + Job Center 5-10%

PUBLIC PROGRAM Mail Services + Laundry 3-5%

Recreational Space/ Public Space 15-20% Includes Programs Open to the Public

154

PUBLIC TO PRIVATE >>>>>>>

[13]

WINTER GUSTS

ALTA DR

FUTURE LIGHT RAIL PATH

SHADOW LN

MAIN POINTS OF ENTRY/ EXIT

PREDOMINANT WIND MOST TRAFFICKED SIDEWALKS

N

YEARLY SUN PATH

155

Belle Medical of Henderson Las Vegas Center for Auঞsm & Related Disorders

[14] Nocturnal Sleep Center

Pain Management and Wellness Center

South Hills Community Church

ST ROSE PKWY

HWY 215

5 minutes Keller Graduate School of Management Nevada Department of Taxaঞon

Dr Vecchio

PA SE O

VE

RD

EP

KW

Paseo Vista Park

Esenঞal Womens Health Associates

N

[15]

156

Y

WIC Special Educaঞon Dignity Community Church & Womens Care

Government

Charities

Parks and Sports Fields

Clinics/ Medical

Church

Schools

Walking Distance (5 minute increments)

Trails ‘Bike-able’ streets

Public Transporta on

Employment Opportunities

Broader context

What is specific for this demographic?

Public Transit

Activities Center

Public Coffee Shop

Government Offices

4

Proximity of resources Boutique Store/ & amenities Thrift Store Include project programs open to the public Addiction Center, Addiction 2 Community Support Groups, Mental Illness Include specialized Center Clinic program

Park

3

Groceries/ Stores

1 Analyze demographics of proposed site

Site

take into account any possible environmental issues on the site, any restrictions for building use or program.

Gym

People

Local Officials

Engagement of the surrounding community, charities & local officials to promote better information + communication

Activists Local Officials INDIVIDUAL/ INTERPERSONAL (knowledge, skills, COMMUNITY and motivation of an (community resources that promote individual) social norms)

BASIC NEEDS

EMERGENCY SERVICES

ECONOMIC SECURITY SOCIAL & LIFE SKILLS

Project Plan

A non-linear process links expertise, people, environment and design to the broader context to responsibly respond to the needs of the community.

POLICY (local, state, and federal policies)

MENTAL ILLNESS Physical + Health Clinics/ Recreational Space/ Public Space 10-20% Infirmary 15-25%

Because their is a range of mental disabilities, and the possibility of most of this demographic never being

Staff Administration 10-15%

Mail Services + Laundry 3-5%

able to live independently, it is best to avoid that have a high volume of foot traffic or noise.

Computer Room + Job Center 0-3%

Sleeping Space 25-30%

10

Additional program that

20

30

40

50

should be included: Physical Therapy Center and Adult Day-care.

Other program that is suggested:

Living Space 10-15%

Amenities: Pet Kennels + Pet Clinic, Storage Units 0-3%

Boutique Store/ Thrift Store, Coffee Shop, etc.

Utilities/ Bathrooms 10-15%

Bank 0-3%

157

Sleeping Space 25-30%

Living Space 10-15%

Amenities: Pet Kennels + Pet Clinic, Storage Units 0-3%

Utilities/ Bathrooms 10-15%

PRIVATE PROGRAM

Bank 0-3%

Staff Administration 10-15%

Physical + Health Clinics/ Infirmary 15-25% Includes Programs Open to the Public

Computer Room + Job Center 0-3%

Mail Services + Laundry 3-5%

PUBLIC PROGRAM

Recreational Space/ Public Space 10-20% Includes Programs Open to the Public

158

PUBLIC TO PRIVATE >>>>>>>

[16]

MAIN POINTS OF ENTRY/ EXIT

E SERENE AVE

ST ROSE PKWY

WINTER GUSTS

MOST TRAFFICKED SIDEWALKS

PREDOMINANT WIND YEARLY SUN PATH N

159

Marrio ’s Grand Chateau [17]

5 minutes

Luxury Suites Internaঞonal

Topgolf

MGM Grand Conference Center

AUDRIE ST

Hard Rock Cafe

MGM Grand

N

[18]

160

Government

Charities

Parks and Sports Fields

Clinics/ Medical

Church

Schools

Walking Distance (5 minute increments)

Trails ‘Bike-able’ streets

Public Transporta on

Employment Opportunities

Broader context

What is specific for this demographic?

Public Transit

Activities Center

Public Coffee Shop 4

Government Offices

Proximity of resources Boutique Store/ & amenities Thrift Store Include project programs open to the public Mental Illness Clinic, Addiction 2 Support Groups, Self Injection Include specialized Site, Addiction Center, Legal program Services 3

Groceries/ Stores

1 Analyze demographics of proposed site

Site

Gym

take into account any possible environmental issues on the site, any restrictions for building use or program.

People

Local Officials

Engagement of the surrounding community, charities & local officials to promote better information + communication

Activists Local Officials INDIVIDUAL/ INTERPERSONAL (knowledge, skills, COMMUNITY and motivation of an (community resources that promote individual) social norms)

BASIC NEEDS

EMERGENCY SERVICES

ECONOMIC SECURITY SOCIAL & LIFE SKILLS

Project Plan

A non-linear process links expertise, people, environment and design to the broader context to responsibly respond to the needs of the community.

POLICY (local, state, and federal policies)

CONVICTS/ SEXUAL OFFENDERS Physical + Health Clinics/ Recreational Space/ Public Space 10-20% Infirmary 10-15%

This demographic is more restrictive because of the laws for sex-offenders,

Staff Administration 10-15%

schools, day-cares and

Mail Services + Laundry 3-5%

parks must be avoided.

Computer Room + Job Center 5-10%

Sleeping Space 25-30%

Additional program that

10

should be included:

20

30

40

50

Boutique store/Thrift Store or Coffee Shop.

Living Space 10-15%

Amenities: Pet Kennels + Pet Clinic, Storage Units 5-10%

Utilities/ Bathrooms 10-15%

Bank 5-10%

161

Sleeping Space 25-30%

Living Space 10-15%

Amenities: Pet Kennels + Pet Clinic, Storage Units 5-10% Utilities/ Bathrooms 10-15%

PRIVATE PROGRAM

Bank 5-10% Physical + Health Clinics/ Infirmary 5-15% Includes Programs Open to the Public

Staff Administration 10-15%

Computer Room + Job Center 5-10%

PUBLIC PROGRAM Mail Services + Laundry 3-5%

Recreational Space/ Public Space 10-20% Includes Programs Open to the Public

162

PUBLIC TO PRIVATE >>>>>>>

AUDRIE ST

[19]

MAIN POINTS OF ENTRY/ EXIT

CASINO TROLLEY

WINTER GUSTS

MOST TRAFFICKED SIDEWALKS

PREDOMINANT WIND

N

YEARLY SUN PATH

163

164

conclusion This study should help designers and organiza ons design shelters dierently to be er accommodate the homeless and create shelters who can mutually benefit the community around it.

This book is a guide to be er design and is the beginning to be er understanding the needs of the homeless popula on. It is by no means the perfect guide and can be improved upon.

A con nuing book will follow with implemented designs, new strategies and further analysis of topics explored in this book, essen ally an apendix.

Thank you, Silvia Flor Quiroz-Perez AAE 789 - HD Studio Fall 2018

165

resources

166

table of contents 1. Andy, R. (2018, February 7). A panoramic view of the Las Vegas Strip, as seen from a balcony, in the Cosmopolitan Hotel, at night.

[Photograph]. Las Vegas. analysis of proposed the soluাon 2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Mollohan, D. (2007, June 15).

Las Vegas Tunnels [Photograph].

Beneath the Neon.

Las Vegas Aerial_chapter 1 overlay [Map]. (2018). Google Maps. edited

by Silvia F. Quiroz-Perez Las Vegas, Nevada Popula on 2018. (n.d.).

Retrieved September, 2018, from h p:// w o r l d p o p u l a t i o n rev i e w. co m / us-ci es/las-vegas-popula on/ Foremaster Lane_loca ons of interest overlay [Map]. (2018).

Google Maps. edited by Silvia F. Quiroz-Perez Foremaster Lane_shelters in area overlay [Map]. (2018). Google Maps. edited by Silvia F. QuirozPerez Foremaster Lane_transit map overlay [Map]. (2018). Google Maps. edited by Silvia F. QuirozPerez

proposed shelter typology 1.

2.

3.

Secured God Bless [Personal photograph taken in Foremaster background, Las Vegas Nevada].

(2018, September 22).

San Antonio, Texas Popula on 2018. (n.d.).

Retrieved September, 2018, from h p:// w o r l d p o p u l a t i o n rev i e w. co m / us-ci es/san-antonio-popula on/ 78207 Zip Code (San Antonio, TX) Detailed Profile. (n.d.). Retrieved September, 2018, from h p:// www.city-data.com/zips/78207. html

4.

Haven for Hope-map [Map].

Created by Silvia F. Quiroz-Perez.

5. Haven for Hope. (2012, July 16).

Retrieved 2018, from h ps://www. architectmagazine.com/projectgallery/haven-for-hope.

6. Haven for Hope. (n.d.).

Retrieved from h ps://www. overlandpartners.com/projects/ haven-for-hope-homelesstransforma onal-center/ 7. Wol, E. (2018, November 14).

Hope for the homeless. Retrieved from h ps://www.sacurrent. com/sanantonio/hope-for-thehomeless/Content?oid=2286830 8. Haven for Hope_loca ons of interest overlay [Map]. (2018).

Google Maps. edited by Silvia F. Quiroz-Perez 9. Community Crime Map [Online Interac ve Map]. (2018). San Antonio: LexisNexis.

10. Haven for Hope_transit map overlay [Map]. (2018). Google Maps. edited by Silvia F. QuirozPerez 11. Jeremy B. (2017, September).

Haven for Hope night stay.

[Photograph] the homeless 1.

2.

3.

4.

Anything Helps [Personal photograph taken in Las Vegas Blvd, Las Vegas Nevada]. (2018, February).

Las Vegas Aerial_chapter 2 overlay [Map]. (2018). Google Maps. edited

by Silvia F. Quiroz-Perez Understanding Homelessness.

(2016).

Retrieved October, 2018, from h p://www. understandhomelessness.com/ Davis, S. (2005). Designing for the homeless: Architecture that works.

London: University of California Press.

167

comba࢟ng homelessness 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Camp and Sit [Personal photograph taken on Foremaster Ln, Las Vegas Nevada]. (2018, September 12).

Understanding Homelessness.

(2016).

Retrieved October, 2018, from h p://www. understandhomelessness.com/ Davis, S. (2005). Designing for the homeless: Architecture that works.

London: University of California Press.

Nevada. (n.d.). Retrieved 2018, from h ps://endhomelessness. org/homelessness-in-america/ homelessness-statistics/state-ofhomelessness-report/nevada/ Las Vegas Aerial_chapter 2 interest points overlay [Map]. (2018).

Google Maps. edited by Silvia F. Quiroz-Perez

shelter typologies 1.

2.

3.

Camp for the day [Personal photograph taken on Foremaster Ln, Las Vegas Nevada]. (2018, September 12).

The Joint Roller [Personal photograph taken on Foremaster Ln, Las Vegas Nevada]. (2018, September 12).

Davis, S. (2005). Designing for the homeless: Architecture that works.

London: University of California Press.

shelter case studies 1.

2.

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Shopping Cart Camp [Personal photograph taken on Foremaster Ln, Las Vegas Nevada]. (2018, September 12).

The Bridge Homeless Assistance Center / Overland Partners. (2011, March 01). Retrieved October, 2018, from h ps://www.archdaily.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

com/115040/the-bridgeh o m e l e s s - a s s i s t a n ce - ce n t e roverland-partners Overland Partners. (2011, March).

Courtyard. [Photograph]. Dallas Texas.

Overland Partners. (2011, March).

The Bridge Homeless Assistance Center at Night. [Photograph].

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