Polymerise 2014 by Shantanu Kulkarni

Maharashtra Academy of Engineering & Educational Research (MAEER'S)

Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Pune

Polymer Studentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Association Presents

Vol 4 2013-2014

AWAKE... ARISE... POLYMERISE...

About Theme

WE ARE EVERYWHERE

- Chinar Wkhaloo T.E. Polymer

his year we decided on the theme 'We Are Everywhere'. We chose this theme because we wanted to look into the various aspects of polymers. Polymers have slowly crept into every field possible and are quickly replacing many metals in a myriad of applications. They have made a niche for themselves in the market, right from the fairly predictable applications like plastic chairs, buckets etc to more sophisticated applications like nylon gears, piston cylinders, automobile body parts to more things you don't think of like bullet proof glass, bullet proof vests, tires, water purifiers, artificial jewelry, garments, optical lenses, heart valves, artificial hearts, sutures, all sorts of medical equipment, laminates and many more. It has been our aim to get ourselves acquainted with these applications that nobody realizes use polymeric material. The first instinct when anyone hears polymer is to think plastic, hence leading to the picturing of only the most basic albeit widespread applications. It is our aim to change this outlook and the synonymy of these two words.

TEAM Faculty Advisor Prof. (Dr.) Pramod S. Joshi (HOD) Prof. Mrs. Pradnya Deshpande Prof. (Dr.) Hemant V. Joshi

PSA Managing Committe Prof. (Dr.) Pramod S. Joshi (HOD) Prof. (Dr.) Hemant V. Joshi Prof. (Mrs) D.S. Marathe Prof. (Mrs.) D.S. Kulkarni Prof. (Mrs.) A.M. Khare

PSA Coordinators Karan V. Dikshit (B.E.) Deepali Mahato (B.E.)

Magazine Designers, Editors & Illustrators Shantanu B. Kulkarni (T.E.) Aakanksha S. Zilpe (T.E.) Aayushi D. Wawre (T.E.) Chinar Wakhaloo (T.E.) Akshay Khopade (B.E.) 3

Maharashtra Academy of Engineering and Educational Research's (MAEER) journey began in 1983 to become India's most respected and trusted Center of Excellence in the field of Education and Research, Maharashtra Institute of Technology being its flagship, founded by Prof. Dr. Vishwanath D. Karad. The institute commits to world peace and reflects cultural values based on the universal educational system. The field of Polymer engineering saw unprecedented growth in India only after the 80's. the credit of having the vision to start this nascent branch goes to Prof. Dr. Vishwanath D Karad, the founder director of MAEER'S MIT, Pune With only one institute offering an undergraduate and post graduate course in Polymer Engineering under the aegis of Pune University, the Department of Polymer Engineering at MIT contributes the most important component of the industry. the stalwarts who contributed to the early stage of this branch include Dr. R. A. Mashelkar, Dr. V. M. Nadkarni and late Prof. M. V. Joshi who headed the department for a significant period from 1983 to 2001. The strength of the department lies in the well-qualified and experienced teaching faculty alongwith well-equipped laboratories cater to the needs of academic as well as research, testing and consultation activities. The interaction of Faculty members with various Industries (Reliance Industries Ltd., DSM Engineering Plastics, etc.) and Research/Academic Institutes (NCL, ARAI, DIAT, DST, AICTE, BCUD etc.) contributes to the collaborative final year projects. The present day curriculum caters to various subjects related to the industry and research. It has subjects like composites, mould and product design, adhesives, paints, rubber as well as polymer processing. PSA is in existence almost since the inception of the Department in 1983, and works mainly for the Students' welfare. It acts as interactive platform which provides students to bring out their talents and skills as well as gives an opportunity to interact with eminent personalities, through organization of various activities such as industrial visits, guest lectures and annual Events, "Affinity and Confluence" which came into existence in the year 2003. Affinity is the annual national level paper presentation and confluence Is an industry-industry interactive meet. We have well equipped and maintained laboratories like Polymer Processing Laboratory, Computer and Simulation, Polymer Compounding Laboratory, Chemistry, Polymer Testing and Characterization Laboratory, Polymer Composites Laboratory, etc. 4

From the Deanʼs desk…

Prof.Sharadchandra Darade ( Patil ) Dean MIT Group of Institutions, Pune

cience is permanent. But engineering technology is changing very fast and it’s effects are prominently observed in the last four decades. In that too also, Polymer technology played a very important role and contributed significantly in this great revolution. As we are growing technologically, there is ought to be acute shortage of the basic core materials. However, Polymer materials have proved to be excellent substitute for theseconventional materials. In fact if we look around, Polymers replace the traditional materials successfully in many of the applications. Polymer engineering is a wonderful blending of the versatile Mechanical engineering and Polymer chemistry. I am sure in the near future Polymer materials will be pervading in all possible branches of engineering and will do miracles. On the occasion of ‘Affinity and Confluence 2014’, I extend my whole hearted best wishes for grand success of the event.

HODâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Desk Prof. (Dr.) Pramod S. Joshi Head of Department Polymer Engineering

t is with great pride and immense pleasure that our department brings to you the fourth edition of our departmental magazine 'Polymerise'. Each year this magazine aims to showcase the diversity of genius and creativity embodied in the bright young minds of the department and bring forth a reflection into what speaks to their souls. With this periodical, we wish to create an awareness among the future polymer engineers regarding the latest technologies and trends in this fast developing industry and at the same time, create a platform for our students to step forth and exhibit their skills and many talents, be it literary, artistic or any other. We also hope to form affiliations with all those who are associated with the field of polymers as we are. This year, we have endeavoured to show the world that â&#x20AC;&#x153;We Are Everywhereâ&#x20AC;?, which is the theme of this edition. Polymers are shaping the future of our world and are an integral part of every industry as well as our daily life. It has been our mission to familiarize students with the various applications of polymers which will form the basis for all their future interactions, give them an interdisciplinary approach and help them to realize their full potential. In this regard, I wish to express my heartfelt gratitude to all my teaching and nonteaching colleagues and students for their unrelenting dedication, unwavering support and the hard work that they put into the publishing this issue of 'Polymerise'. I am especially thankful to the editorial team, which has worked through every free minute, putting in day and night in order for the timely production of this edition. I look forward to any feedback and constructive criticism or suggestions from you, our valuable readers. I do hope that you will enjoy reading this edition of the magazine as much as we have enjoyed its production.

Faculty Bellakki Anupama A. Assistant Professor anupama.bellakki@mitpune.edu.in Background : B.E. (Polymer Science & Technology) Mysore, M.Tech. ( Polymer Science & Technology) Mysore

Area of Specialization :

Polymer

Processing , Polymer Testing

Dr. Joshi Hemant V. Professor (O) 020-3027 3405- (M)09881834968 hemant.joshi@mitpune.edu.in Background : B.E. (Polymer Engg.), MIT/Pune Univ., 1991 - Ph.D (Chemical Engg.), IIT Bombay,2008 Area of Specialization : Fiber Technology, Structure-Property Relationships in Polymers, Speciality Polymers

Faculty Patil Harshal S. Assistant Professor harshal.patil@mitpune.edu.in Background : B.E.( Chemical), M.E. (Chemical) VIT Pune Area of Specialization : Instrumentation and Process Control, Particulate Technology, Process Modeling & Simulation

Tatpate Pallavi P. Assistant Professor pallavi.tatpate@mitpune.edu.in Background : Diploma (Chem. Engg.), B.Tech (Chem. Engg.), M. Tech (Chem. Engg.) Area of Specialization : Adsorption, Heat & Mass Transfer

Patil Ramnath V. Assistant Professor ramnath.patil@mitpune.edu.in Background : B.E. Bidar, M.E. VIT Pune Area of Specialization : Synthesis and Esterification Methods, Heat Transfer, Particulate Technology, Kinetics and innovation of increasing yields

Faculty Ambajogaikar Fulchand Laboratory Assistant E213,2nd floor Polymer Testing & Characterization Lab fulchand.ambajogaikar@mitpune.edu.in

Marathe Pandurang Laboratory Assistant E005,Ground floor Polymer Compounding and Rheology Lab pandurang.marathe@mitpune.edu.in

Affinity&

Confluence

2013

Affinity is a two day even organized every year since 2003 by the Polymer Students’ Association (PSA) of the Polymer Engineering Department, MIT Pune. Affinity 2014 was organized on 29th March 2013. Affinity consist of a national level paper and poster presentation competition. Product display, an event displaying and explaining various products of different polymer industries was also organized. It is a confluence of industries and students where people from the industry interact with students and faculty. The event was initiated by an introduction to the PSA activities and the Polymer Engineering Department which was held in the Dnyaneshwara Hall on 30th on the following topics: • Over-view of India Plastic Industry by Mr. Kanchan Chakravarti, Reliance India Ltd. • Plastics in Agriculture by Satyajeet Bhosle, Reliance India Ltd. • Application of Rubber and Prospects of Rubber Industry by Mr. Vinod Patkodwal and Abbas Bootawala, Rubber Industries Following these seminars, the departmental magazine, Polymerise 2013 was inaugurated by our esteemed guests and the Head of the Department. The event was concluded by a skit presented by members of PSA followed by dinner and BE project display. March 2013. After that, workshops were conducted 10

Flashback

Affinity 2013

Flashback

Confluence 2013

Polymer Students Association (PSA)

SA is in existence almost since the inception of the Department in 1983, and works mainly for the students' welfare. It acts as interactive platform which provides students to bring out their talents and skills as well as gives an opportunity to interact with eminent personalities, through organization of various activities such asŸ Industrial Visits as well as visits to various prestigious of polymer fields such as “Plast-

India”. Ÿ Guest Lectures by eminent personalities from Academia, R & D as well as Industrial

environments are organized throughout the academic year. These lectures benefit the students in updating themselves about the latest trends and developments happening in polymer field. Some of the lectures also act as guidance for their higher studies and industrial career. Ÿ Annual events, “Affinity and Confluence”,

came into existence in the year 2003.”Affinity”, which includes National level paper presentation competition alongwith other technical and non-technical events, expands their horizon of knowledge while “Confluence” helps in strengthening the bond between academia and industry.The untiring efforts during organization of these 2-days events give insight to students about various asopects of planning and successful execution which helps them in developing /cultivating concepts of interpersonal interaction, effective commu nication, spirit of team work, management, thereby, preparing them to step confidently into the future. These events also bring Alumni together to cherish their memories of Golden days of college life by being part these events. Ÿ “Employment” is an essential

part of everybody's life. In this matter, PSA plays a role of connecting link between students and placements and cell of the institute.

CHIEVEMENTS Pruthviraj Gatkul (T.E. Polymer): â&#x20AC;˘ 2010 MIT Tech Team won National Robocon against 40 Indian

Teams including all the IITs and made it to the International. - Award for Best Innovative design. - Prof. Balakrishna Memorial award. 2011 Semi-finalists at the nationals 2012 Champions in National ABU Robocon India having 67 articipants - Certificate for fastest job completing robot. - Prof. Balakrishnan Memorial Award. -Ranked Fifth in International Robocon held in Hong Kong. -Mabuchi Motor Award at Internationals 2013 Champions at National ABU Robocon India beating 81 teams - Prof. Balakrishnan Memorial Award. - Highest aggregate score in tournament. -Represented India at internationals in Vietnam in August 2013.

Kartik Joshi (T.E. Polymer):

1. Departmental TT gold Medal Doubles

Harsh Ganatra (T.E. Polymer): SUMMIT 2013 Gold medal in Rowing. Ashish Adsul (T.E. Polymer): SUMMIT 2013 Gold Medal in Waterpolo ZEST 2014 Silver Medal in Waterpolo FLAMES KURUKSHETRA swimmimg relay gold medal Shalini Gandham and Chinar Wakhloo (T.E. Polymer): Winners Interdepartmental Debate Competition, MIT Pune. Cultural:Sharayu Tayde (S.E. Polymer): Won first prize in Set Designing in Firodiya.\ 2nd prize for Cosume Desgning in Purshotum 2014 Participated in Firodia 2013 Purshotam Karandak 2014. Atharva Deshpande (S.E. Polymer) Participated in Firodia 2013 Purshotam Karandak 2014..

B.E. Project Abstract

Effect of Ultrasonication on Polymers

Karan Dikshit, Aseem Visal, Akshay Khopade Keywords: Ultrasonication, crystallinity, m o r p h o l o g y, h o m o g e n o u s p h a s e , homopolymer, LDPE, EVA. This paper presents effect of ultrasonication on polymers. Ultrasonic waves have shown significant effect on crystallization of Newtonian fluids. Available literature has shown that ultrasound assisted polymerization produces considerable change in crystallinity. Ultrasonication of heterogeneous phases such as blends and nanocomposites enhances filler dispersions and barrier properties. It leads to smaller domain size as well as higher stability of the domains without agglomeration even after annealing. Polymers having high molecular weight when sonicated in solution show reduction in molecular weight. O u r s t u d y f o c u s e s o n t h e e ff e c t ultrasonication has on single phase copolymer melt rather than solution. The study is concerned with chain scission effect, morphology and crystallinity changes that may be observed by sonicating the polymer. We are currently studying ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer EVA, an amorphous polymer. The effect of ultrasonication would be measured as change in heat of crystallization, mechanical properties in direction of ultrasonication & morphological changes of domain size

Study on Hybrid Composites

Akhil Saxena, Suraj Sathawane â&#x20AC;&#x153;Polymer Compositesâ&#x20AC;? are considered as a potential replacement for conventional polymers as well as materials like metal, wood, etc. Its usage is experiencing continuous growth in a variety of application areas including automotive, aviation, recreation, and building products. However, the increasing demand for raw materials has directed researchers towards bio-based alternatives for composite manufacturing instead of chemical products. Re-utilization of agricultural wastes as reinforcing fillers in thermoplastic materials offers a major benefit in terms of environmental protection. This project aims to do the same. An attempt has been made to reinforce Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Banana fibres in High Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) polymers, the composite obtained as a result been evaluated for its mechanical properties as compared to unfilled HDPE and ABS.

Guided by Prof. M. B. Kulkarni

Guided by Prof. (Mrs) D. S. Marathe

B.E. Project Abstract

Studies on Polymers used in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Applications Nikhil Chandak, Valay Khobragade Polymers are used extensively in the various phases of drilling, operating and maintaining oil and gas wells. Polymer flooding has been applied for petroleum oil recovery and the main results of these methods are the effective increase in oil production and reduction of water circulation. Application of polymers in enhanced oil recovery processes prolongs the economic life time of oil fields. The aim of the project is to find out the best possible polymer composition which is effective in every aspect of enhanced oil recovery. The experimental work will based on studies on partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide (PHPA), the system currently used, and effectiveness of self-associating polymeric systems for the same purpose. The reason for the use of partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide is that, it has very good physical properties such as adsorption, shear stability and thermal stability with a good degree of hydrolysis.In our experimental work, effect of solution concentration and temperature on the viscosity of PHPA solution has been studied using Brookfield viscometer. The viscosity of freshly prepared PHPA solution is tested on day 1 and consequently after 6 days was found out using Brookfield viscometer. Additionally, the effects of additives on the viscosity of PHPA solution will be studied. A self associating copolymer of methyl methacrylate â&#x20AC;&#x201C;acrylic acid is prepared and the effect of varying concentration and temperature on viscosity of this copolymer will be carried out in future.

Analysis Of Industrial Component By Moldex 3D Umesh Sadanand Patil, Majit Ansari In polymer industry the processing techniques had been initially based on trial and error method .Now they accept the scientific approach in which computer is playing an important rule in simulation with help of moldex3d simulation software .The injection molding process of the industrial component is simulated .The filling ,packing and warpage analysis are carried out number of iterations until the optimized results are obtained .Thus moldex3d software helps in the injection molding process and development of injection moulds. The aim of project is to get through knowledge of moldex3d application in injection moulding of polymers The analysis of industrial component by moldex3d is carried out to reduce the warpage and shrinkage in the part .Also to eliminate the use of fixture during processing.In this case the original part design is used for simulation .Its filling analysis, cooling, packing and warpage analysis are carried out.

Guided by Prof. (Mrs) D.S. Marathe

Prof. (Dr.) Hemant V. Joshi Dr. Jayant Gadgil, Polymer Consultant

B.E. Project Abstract

Designing and Manufacturing of Reaction InjectionMolding Machine (Pneumatically operated) Phunde Ganesh Dnyanoba, Barse Sunil Changdeo

RECYCLING OF POLYMER WASTE

Pimpalakar Nikhil Kamlakar, Malushte Malhar Rajendra Jire Dikshant Prabhakar, Tamboli Ammar Mohammad Hanif

In this project we are trying to replace the conventional hydraulic circuit of RIM by the pneumatic circuit. Above stated steps which have been performed by the hydraulic system are carried out by pneumatic circuit. It delivers the required force to operate the whole system. In pneumatic circuit the required force is delivered by pneumatic cylinders. Based on it the assembly is designed theoretically. In this project we are trying to design the mixing head which is the key element of the RIM. The new design of mixing head deals with the flow properties of the liquids; we are trying to mix the two main streams of the fluid in mixing head by the means of converting the laminar flow into turbulent flow. The feeding of the liquids (i.e. polyol and isocyanate) in mixing head is accomplished by the metering section, which precisely measures each component individually and by means of the new pneumatic circuit it delivers to the mixing head. From the storage the precisely measured material is delivered in to the metering section. Mold design is also one of the aspects of this project. Considering all the design parameters we are constructing the mold for duster head foam (flexible). To emphasize the mechanical properties and the economic considerations we select the fiber reinforced composite to make the mold. Mold will produce a fixed size article. To produce the slab type foam by the same machine we are going to design an oscillating trough. Raw materials are polyol and isocyanate (with blowing agents).

Borole Roshan Prakash Recycling is one strategy for end-of-life waste management of plastic products. It makes increasing sense economically as well as environmentally and recent trends demonstrate a substantial increase in the rate of recovery and recycling of plastic wastes. These trends are likely to continue, but some significant challenges still exist from both technological factors and from economic or social behavior issues relating to the collection of recyclable wastes, and substitution for virgin material. PVC and CPVC material is widely used in Agricultural and Packaging Industries. So, Effective recycling of mixed PVC waste is the next major challenge for the plastics recycling sector. A study carried out in recent time found that the amount of PVC and CPVC mixture in a regular domestic use, even if collected cannot be effectively recycled, ranged from 21 to 40% due to their different chemical structure. Hence, wider implementation of policies to promote the use of environmental design principles by industry could have a large impact on recycling performance.

Guided by Prof. M.B. Kulkarni

Guided by Prof. (Mrs) D. S. Kulkarni

B.E. Project Abstract

SELF HEALING POLYMER COMPOSITES

Nilesh Waje Manoj Bhandare Prashant Sonawane Self healing composites are designed to automatically repair damage whenever it occurs, thus providing means to significantly extend the service life and reliability of polymeric structural composites. The polymeric matrix typically consists of Epoxy or Polyester which are brittle in nature and flaw sensitive, resulting in poor resistance to crack initiation and growth inspired by living systems. Three primary conceptual approaches to self healing have been explores over the past several years namely Micro-encapsulation, Micro-vascular, Intrinsic.

Guided by Prof. (Dr.) P.S. Joshi

Study of light weight Foamed Polymer Concrete.

Vidit Jain, Siddhesh Vaidya In this project we are concentrating on light weight foamed polymer cement concrete with addition of Poly (methy metha acrylate ) as polymer constituent and then forming the entire concrete mixture with use of aluminium powder as a foaming agent. The addition of Poly (methyl methaacrylate) as polymer constituent usually enhances the tensile strength and shear strength of concrete. The benefits of addition of foaming agent have been discussed earlier but a major disadvantage of addition of foaming agent is reduction in strength. Therefore addition of polymer in foamed concrete may increase the mechanical strength of foamed concrete.

Morphological and mechanical study of Zeolite based Polymer Nanocomposite Arshabhi Rajurkar, Neha Patil and Raeesa Sayyad The basic concept of this project is to prepare Poly (methyl methacrylate)/mesoporous molecular sieve (PMMA/MMS) composite. The zeolite will be added to polymer matrix separately in two ways - during polymerization i.e. in situ and after polymerization i.e. through compounding. Zeolite based polymer nanocomposites in which zeolite will be used as inorganic particles to strengthen polymer. The polymer used in both the cases will remain same and also the nanoparticles. Our approach is to check whether the molecular chains will crop out from the inorganic mesopores completely or not. The use of natural zeolites as fillers of polymers is perspective because of their accessibility, relative cheapness, and special features (composition, crystal structure and porosity). Our main objective is to compare the changes in morphological , rheological, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties. This method may therefore will be widely applied to preparation of useful polymer resin, with the use of different mesoporous materials

Guided by Prof. (Dr.) V.A.E. Shaikh

Guided by Prof. (Dr.) P.S. Joshi

B.E. Project Abstract

Surface Modification Of Plastics For Improved Paintability

Green Additives Rumi Kopulwar, Yogeshwari Shinde Many automobile industries are facing problem of weak adhesion of paints on the surface of plastic automotive parts. This adhesion can be improved by three methods: (1) Modify the main material, (2) Modify the surface characteristics to improve wettabality and adhesion and (3) Produce paints giving better adhesion. In our project we are trying to improve paintablity by modifying surfaces. Some materials are not compatible with paint and printing processes e.g. PP. Automotive and packaging industries use PP extensively. PP blended with nylon using maleic anhydride as compatibilizer by varying compositions. To improve adhesion in plastic and paint many surface treatments are used such as corona treatment, plasma treatment, wet solvent treatment and acid etching. Most of the automobile industry prefer flame treatment to improve adhesion. The extent of flame treatment is tested by checking the surface tension â&#x20AC;&#x153;dynesâ&#x20AC;? by using marker pens having different inks with a range of dyne values. In our project we performed simple method of measuring wettability of plastic using dye based ink and permanent marker ink for aqueous and non aqueous system respectively. This gives rough idea about wettability of treated and untreated plastic plate. For having better understanding of the surface modification, the presence of functional groups like carboxylic groups (-COOH), nitro groups (-NO), hydroxyl groups (-OH) in the matrix of polymer has to be tracked. Attenuated transmittance resonance is the test to check the presence of functional group on the surface. Thus from ATR we have analysed which sample is best suitable for our requirements of paintability.

Guided by Prof. (Mrs.) A. M. Khare Co-Advisor: Dr. S. Radhakrishnan Supporting Organization: TATA MOTORS

Amol B. Abanave, Bhushan S. Bhavsar. Poly (vinyl chloride), PVC, is one of the leading thermoplastic materials. Widely used thermal stabilizers for PVC incorporate toxic heavy metal and organotin compounds that have been severely criticized based on environmental concern. In order to address this issue, use of Green Thermal Stabilizer compounds that are compatible with the polymer will be of interest. In view of the global concern about the environmental implication of conventional PVC thermal stabilizers, this study will help to develop the use of green thermal stabilizers compounds as PVC thermal stabilizers. So, the objective of this study is to deals with the development of stabilized PVC products using different natural green additives i.e. epoxidized vegetable oil in presence of zinc and calcium stearates and Beta-di-Ketones stabilizers such as Dibenzoylmethane (DBM) and Stearoylbenzoyl methane (SBM). The PVC films were prepared based on the above formulations will be analyzed in terms of dehydrochlorination studies and the above products will be exposed for different week periods in the Natural weathering and Accelerated weathering and the characterization of the exposed products will be done in terms of mechanical, electrical properties and discoloration. The success of the novel Beta-di-Ketones stabilizers can meet higher performance and quality of PVC filled composites particularly for achieving longer service life in outdoor applications. This will eventually lead to a positive impact on the environment. Main focus is on stability of PVC by using Natural Green Additves i.e. epoxidized vegetable oil in presence of zinc and calcium stearates and Beta-di-Ketones stabilizers such as Dibenzoylmethane (DBM) and Stearoylbenzoyl methane (SBM) which has dual property both that of a UV stabilizer and heat stabilizer.

Guided by Prof. M.B. Kulkarni

B.E. Project Abstract

Study of PVC and ABS blends for pipe application

Pooja Talla & Rupal Kale PVC is the third Most widely used polymer after Polyethylene and Polypropylene. PVC has high hardness and mechanical properties. The heat stability of PVC is very poor, when the temperature reaches 140 °C PVC starts to decompose. Its melting temperature is 160 °C. ABS is a terpolymer made by polymerizing styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of polybutadiene. The styrene gives the plastic a shiny, impervious surface. The butadiene, a rubbery substance, provides resilience even at low temperatures ABS has high impact and good thermal stability. The low price of PVC renders its use desirable in many applications. When blended with ABS, the result is a material with good impact strength , toughness and inherent flame resistance. PVC/ABS blends is used in a variety of applications.PVC/ABS blends is an example of immiscible blend in which the phases have some degree of partial miscibility as there is a shift in Tg. Impact properties are greatly enhanced as compared with those of the individual components. The aim of our project is to study the thermal and morphology of PVC/ABS blends and extruding pipes . Additives are added in PVC and then mixed in High Speed Mixer, different ratios of ABS to PVC are Compounded on “TWO ROLL MILL”. It is then scrap grinded. Compression Moulding , Injection Moulding operations will be carried out and the specimens of different PVC/ABS ratios will be tested, further PVC/ABS pipes are extruded and their BURST STRENGTH is tested.

Study of Morphological, Mechanical and Thermal properties of Chlorinated PVC

Devika Agashe, Smita Singh and Niharika Verma Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) is PVC (polyvinyl chloride) that has been chlorinated via a free radical chlorination reaction. Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride is a rigid thermoplastic material that was introduced for water distribution piping and can be operated up to 0.689MPa pressure and up to a temperature of about 83°C. Because of its excellent corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures, CPVC is ideally suited for selfsupporting constructions where temperatures up to 200 °F (90 °C) are present. These conditions are safely above typical temperatures and pressures of domestic water heaters, because CPVC retains physical properties at temperatures well above other thermoplastics it has between specified for variety of other extrudates and custommolded products. With our project we aim to abolish the problem of poor processability of CPVC due to its rigidity, by blending of CPVC with other polymers like EVA, SAN and using of appropriate plasticizer and heat stabilizer. The formulated blends will be further extrudated to pipes as test samples which will be used for further characterization.We will then carry out the testing of these pipes based on hardness,impact strength,heat resistance.

Guided by Prof. (Dr.) P.S. Joshi

B.E. Project Abstract

Designing Of Automatic Filament Winding Machine with Ejection System

Chlorinated PVC

Harshadkumar Ghaytad, Somnath Lokhande and Rupali Pawar

Pankaj Borana, Prajjwal Behare and Siddharth Chhallani

A small-scale automated filament winding machine is going to be designed and fabricated. The designed machine integrates mechanical, electrical and electronics components all controlled by a simple electronic circuit. The machine to be generated will capable for hoop & helical winding patterns with various angles. The winding patterns are achieved by controlling separately rotational speed of mandrel and translational speed of carriage block on sliders. Testing of the prototype will be capable for producing circular pipe type products. This machine having an automatic ejection system can be adopted in industry which is a difficult in practice. Our attempt is to make available a suitable ejection system to eject long circular filament wound composite products.

Guided by Prof. (Mrs.) D.S. Kulkarni

Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride is a rigid thermoplastic material that was introduced for water distribution piping and can be operated up to 0.689MPa pressure and up to a temperature of about 83째C. These conditions are safely above typical temperatures and pressures of domestic water heaters, because CPVC retains physical properties at temperatures well above other thermoplastics it has between specified for variety of other extrudates and custommolded products. With our project we aim to ameliorate the problem of poor processability of CPVC due to its rigidity, by blending of CPVC with other polymers like EVA, SAN and using of appropriate plasticizer and heat stabilizer. The formulated blends will be further extrudated to pipes as test samples which will be used for further characterization.

Guided by Prof. (Dr.) P. S. Joshi

B.E. Project Abstract

OPTIMIZATION PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR INDUSTRIAL THERMOFORMED COMPONENT USING T-SIM SIMULATION SOFTWARE

Chlorinated PVC GendVersha, Shah Arpit , Suryawanshi Sangita Thrmoforming is one of the most important process variants for the polymer industry. The various process used in thermoforming but plug assist mouldings is majorly used. The purpose of the plug assist is to pre-stretch the heated polymer sheet prior to the application of pressure and/or vacuum during the final part function. Parametric studies performed on simulation models the thermoforming process material distribution in the thermoformed part. This report presents the results of investigating the friction behaviour of a polymer to plug assist material at thermoforming conditions. In recent years, thermoforming mold design has developed rapidly and become more multifaceted, thus, bringing on a more competitive aspect to the business of thermoforming. When designing a mold one must take into account many aspects such as the material, processing parameters, final part usage, etc. The next step would be the production of the mold and actual formation of parts and hoping that the finished product is what the customer wants. However, today, thermoforming simulation is more and more a part of the design stage of thermoforming. When utilizing a thermoforming simulation program, one can set processing parameters in order to predict the final wall thickness distribution of the part, which gives the advantage of seeing a visual of the product before even cutting a mold, thus, theoretically reducing the design time and most importantly, cost.

Pankaj Borana, Prajjwal Behare and Siddharth Chhallani In this work, the effect of and nanoclay (NC) content on morphology and various properties of HDPE/PA-6/Nanoclay nanocomposites are studied. Effects of various factors such as: 路 Nanoclay and dispersed phase contents 路 Type of compatibilizer and its level, on mechanical as well as barrier properties of nanocomposites were studied. In order to investigate the effects of clay dispersion and evolution of laminar morphology and barrier and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites, different samples were prepared with varying clay content at the same processing conditions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the formation of nanostructure and clay dispersion. XRD results revealed the formation of nanocomposite and evidenced that the samples exhibit mixed intercalated / exfoliated morphology. The mechanical properties of these nanocomposites were studied using tensile test. The strength and modulus HDPE/PA6/NC/PE-gMa nanocomposite samples were improved significantly at optimum clay concentration and PA-6 content. The project/study deals with application of nanoclay technology to high barrier blow molded highdensity polyethylene (HDPE) containers for storage of hydrocarbon solvents and fuels in automobile applications. It is expected that incorporation of small amount of nano clay particles (<10%) under optimized processing conditions can lead to significant reduction of permeation of hydrocarbon fluids as compared to neat HDPE due to increase in tortuosity.

Guided by Prof. (Mrs.) D.S. Marathe Guided by Prof. (Mrs.) D.S. Marathe

M.E. Project Abstract

Graphene Based Polymer Nanocomposites Shashikant D. Supare Graphene is a one-atom thick layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice. This special atomic arrangement gives graphene truly unique properties. For example electrical currents in graphene move faster than in any other material we know of. Heat can also move in graphene very fast and it is the best thermal conductor that we have. On top of this, graphene is the thinnest material in the world as well as the strongest, much stronger than steel and, of course, much lighter. Finally, because it is only one atom thick, it is perfectly transparent and flexible. The very first application where graphene is going to be used is probably as a replacement for (the relatively expensive metal) indium selenide in solar cells.One important challenge facing graphene is the way the material is developed. Graphene was isolated for the first time using the Scotch Tape technique (where ever thinner strips are peeled off a block of graphite using sticky tape) and the quantities we can make in large areas still lag behind this method. There has been a lot of work to try and enhance the manufacturability of graphene and there are a few techniques that look very promising but they are not completely mature yet. The second challenge is that graphene is a material that is only one atom thick. Anything that you do to it is going to impact its properties. Our study aims for manufacturing of Graphene oxide (GO) and Graphene from graphite by using modified Hummers Method. These will further be compounded with thermoplastic polymers, especially Nylon 6. Melt blending offers a simple way of dispersing nanoparticles in a polymer matrix and it has been used to disperse graphene oxide in a number of polymers. The surface functionalization has taken two approaches: covalent functionalization and non-covalent functionalization. Graphene oxide had been treated with organic isocyanates to give a number of chemically modified GO. The subsequent addition of

nucleophilic species, such as amines or alcohols, produced covalently attached functional groups on graphene oxide via the formation of amides or esters. The noncovalent functionalization of graphene oxide utilizes the weak interactions between the graphene oxide and target molecules. The network on graphene oxide provides interactions with conjugated polymers and aromatic compounds that can stabilize reduced graphene oxide resulted from chemical reduction and produce functional composite materials. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and natural linear cationic polysaccharide chitosan (CS) functionalized GO sheets can be used for drug and gene delivery. The compounded material will be characterized by techniques like SEM which will be used to observe the surface morphology of pure GO, Graphene and its composites. XRD for dispersions of graphene and amount of cyrstallinity throughout the polymer matrices and FTIR spectrometer for the study of various chemical groups present in GO and Graphene. And the nanocomposites obtained will be mechanically tested for properties like tensile and impact strength .

Dr. Jayant Gadgil (Polymer Consultant), Dr. Sachin Jain (DSM Engg.Plastics, Pune), Dr. T. Umashankar Patro (DIAT, Pune)

M.E. Project Abstract

Polypropylene - polyamide nanocomposites prepared by melt processing with PP-g-MAH compatibilizer

Natasha N. Thakur Blends of polyolefins such as polypropylene are of particular interest because of their low cost, high processability and the numerous applications for which they are well suited. However, most polymer blends are not compatible without the addition of a third component known as a compatibilizer and polypropylene/polyamide (PP/PA) blends are no exception. In the large field of nanotechnology, polymer matrix based nanocomposites have become a prominent area of current research and development. Polymer/nanoclay nanocomposites and nanoblends present unique properties that are not observed in conventional composites. The aim of our work is to study the effect of adding various amount of nanoclay on the morphological, rheological, mechanical, thermal and barrier properties of PP-N6-Organaclay nanocomposites prepared by melt extrusion process. The use of maleic anhydride grafted to polypropylene, have effectively improved mechanical properties and dispersion over

uncompatibilized PP/PA blends. The level of clay dispersion is characterized by X- ray diffraction, showing exfoliated/intercalated structures for different concentrations of clay. Influence on nanoclay on the melting behaviour is investigated using DSC. Thermal stability of nanocomposites seems to be increasing with increasing nanoclay content and is greater than that of individual polymers as well as neat blend. Tensile properties presented a moderate improvement with increase in clay concentration. Due to the presence of nanofillers an enhanced barrier effect is seen and mainly attributed to the increase of tortuosity because of the increase of the diffusion pathway generated by impermeable nanofillers.

Guided by Prof. (Mrs) D. S. Marathe, Dr. Harshawardhan V. Pol, (PSE Division, NCL)

Polymers in Hair Care Products -By Aayushi Waware T.E. Polymer Polymers can be found in most hair care products, performing a variety of different functions. Shampoos, conditioners, and styling products all rely upon polymers in order to achieve their desired effects. So what are polymers and what is so special about them? Polymers are very large molecules that are made up of many repeating units of small molecules chemically bonded together. A polymer can be composed of many units of a single type of small molecule (called a homopolymer) or can be composed of many units of two or three different types of small molecules (called a copolymer). Many polymers are found in nature, such as DNA and RNA, spider silk, cellulose (found in cotton fibers, starches, and tree bark, just to name a few places.), proteins, natural rubber, etc. Polymers can also be synthesized in a lab or manufacturing plant to have linear forms, branched forms, and even three-dimensional hyper-branched forms resembling 3-d snowflakes, known as dendrimers.

PEG-modified materials

Conditioning polymers Cationic polymers are quite popular for use as conditioning agents for the hair. These polymers h a v e b e e n chemically modified to have positive charges along their backbone. Since hair is negativelycharged, these polymers become bound electrically to the surface of your hair when applied in the shower and resist being rinsed off by the water. This causes the cuticles on the surface of your hair to lie flat, which gives a smooth texture and shiny appearance to the hair. It also helps separate and protect each strand from adjacent strands, which prevents tangling and tearing and makes both wet and dry combing easier. These types of polymers, known as polyquaterniums in the INCI naming system, are most often modified versions of naturally occurring cellulose and guar gum. Silicones are also a highly popular ingredient used by hair care product formulators for conditioning properties. These polymers deposit onto the surface of the hair and act to reduce combing friction, provide an emollient effect, impart gloss and reduce static charge between hair strands.

Viscosity modifiers Many polymers are very useful in shampoos and conditioning products because they help to thicken and maintain the viscosity of the product, which gives the desired product consistency for the consumer. It is much easier to apply a shampoo or conditioner to one's hair if it doesn't escape from between your fingers when poured from the bottle into your hands. Some of these polymers are also used as emulsion stabilizers, as they help to maintain the oilin-water formulation that is most typical of hair products.

PEG is polyethylene glycol, a water-soluble polymer that is fairly easily chemically reacted with a variety of other molecules. The number associated with the PEG in the INCI nomenclature is indicative of the number of PEG repeat units present. The higher the number is, the greater the water solubility of the modified molecule. These modified molecules can be used as emulsifiers, viscosity modifiers, surfactants, and humectants.

Film-formers Polymers are often the source of â&#x20AC;&#x153;holdâ&#x20AC;? in styling products such as hair gels and hairsprays. These polymers deposit onto the surface of the hair and cause hairs to be attracted to one another through capillary forces. The polymers then dry to form clear films that are strong and hold the hairs together until the film is either removed via washing or the film is broken due to mechanical forces on the hair (combing).

Summary As you can see, polymers are everywhere in our world, including in our hair care products. Many of the qualities we most desire in our products are given to us by polymers. They can be specifically tailored to meet the required need, and thus will most likely continue to be used and continue to provide us with the benefits we have come to expect.

Spider Silk through the eyes of a Polymer Engineer There are over forty thousand species of spiders found on the face of the earth; each having characteristic features that helps them to adapt themselves to their environment. Out of these characteristics, what fascinates me the most is their silk. Spiders spin silk for many purposes, viz. nets to catch other animals, or as nests or cocoons for protection for their offspring. They can also suspend themselves using their silk. There are seven types of silk a single spider can produce; each having different chemical and physical structure for various purposes. Out of these seven types, the major ampullate or the 'dragline silk' is one of the toughest materials known to man. Figure 1: ©Wikipedia: Spider silk A frequent mistake made in the mainstream media is to confuse strength and toughness when comparing silk to other materials. As shown in detail, weight for weight, silk is stronger than steel, but not as strong as Kevlar. Silk is, however, tougher than both. What makes this material so tough? There has been some good research done in this forSpiderthe Figure 1:area ©Wikipedia: silk last two decades. Researchers have studied the bio-chemistry, structure-property relations and the rheology of the silk gland of spiders to determine the reasons and to engineer silk for industrial production. As in case of many natural fibres, spider silk has a hierarchical structure. The protein in dragline silk is fibroin (Mass of 200,000-300,000 Daltons) which is a combination of the proteins spidroin 1 (Alanine-rich) and spidroin 2 (Glycine-rich), the exact composition of these proteins depends on species. Fibroin consists of approximately 40% Glycine and 25% Alanine Figure 2: Secondary sructure of Dragline as the major amino acids. The remaining components are mostly glutamine, serine, Silk; A -Crystalline region, B- Oriented amorphous Leucine, Valine, Proline, tyrosine and Arginine. Spidroin contains polyalanine and region C- Amorphous region (D. Saravanan, 2006) polyglycine rich (chains of Alanine and Glycine respectively, these molecular chains are linked together by hydrogen bonds) regions where from 4 to 9 Alanine or Glycine molecules are linked together in blocks. The high elasticity of spider silk is due to Glycine rich regions where a sequence of multiple (approximately 5 dependant on silk type) amino acids are continuously repeated. A 180° turn (α-turn) occurs after each sequence, resulting in α-spiral (or α-helix). Capture silk, the most elastic kind, contains about 43 repeats on average and is able to extend 2-20 times (>200%) its original length whereas most dragline silk for example will only repeat about 9 times and is only able to extend about 30% of its original length, it is clear that the repetitions and forming of the helixes (based on the original amino acid sequence) contributes considerably towards the silk's resulting properties. Various compounds other than protein are used to enhance the fibre's properties. Pyrrolidine has hygroscopic properties and helps to keep the thread moist. It occurs in especially high concentration in glue threads. Potassium hydrogen phosphate Figure 4: Generalized silk gland of spider releases protons in aqueous solution, resulting in a pH of about 4, (A) Shematic view (B) Actual gland making the silk acidic and thus protecting it from fungi and (Kojic et al. 2006) bacteria that would otherwise digest the protein. Potassium nitrate is believed to prevent the protein from denaturing in the acidic milieu. This first very basic model of silk was introduced by Termonia in 1994 suggested crystallites embedded in an amorphous matrix interlinked with hydrogen bonds. This model has refined over the years: Semi-crystalline regions were found as well as a fibrillar skin core model was suggested for spider silk, later was visualized by AFM and TEM. Sizes of the nanofibrillar structure and the crystalline and semi-crystalline regions were revealed by neutron scattering.

This secondary structure is a result of the fibre spinning process. Various rheology studies and flow simulations have been done to thoroughly understand the fibre spinning in terms of phase transitions and conformational changes. To start off we need to know a bit of biology. The gland that is responsible for the spinning of fibres has structure as shown in the figure. The gland described here will be based upon the major ampullate gland from a golden orb weaving spiders as they are the most-studied and presumed to be the most complex. The first section of the gland labelled 1 on Figure 3(A) is the secretory or tail section of the gland. The walls of this section are lined with cells that secrete proteins Spidroin 1 and Spidroin 2, the main components of this spider's dragline. These proteins are found in the form of droplets that gradually elongate to form long channels along the length of the final fibre, hypothesized to assist in preventing crack formation or even self-healing of the fibre. The second section is the storage sac. This stores and maintains the gel-like unspun silk dope until it is required by the spider. In addition to storing the unspun silk gel, it secretes proteins that coat the surface of the final fibre. The funnel rapidly reduces the large diameter of the storage sac to the small diameter of the tapering duct. The final length is the tapering duct, the site of most of the fibre formation. This consists of a tapering tube with several tight about turns, a valve almost at the end ending in a spigot from which the silk fibre emerges. The tube here tapers hyperbolically, therefore the unspun silk is under constant shear stress, which is an important factor in fibre formation. This section of the duct is lined with cells that exchange ions and remove water from the fibre. The spigot at the end has lips that clamp around the fibre, controlling fibre diameter and further retaining water. Almost at the end of the tapering duct is a valve, approximate position marked "5" on figure 3(A). Though discovered some time ago, the precise purpose of this valve is still under discussion. It is believed to assist in restarting and rejoining Figure 4: Biomimmetic Silk Spinning (Thomas Scheibel et al, 2009) broken fibres acting much in the way of a helical pump, regulating the thickness of the fibre, and/ or clamping the fibre as a spider falls upon it. There is some discussion on the similarity of the silk worm's silk press and the roles each of these valves play in the production of silk in these two organisms. Throughout the process the unspun silk appears to have a nematic texture, in a similar manner to a liquid crystal. This allows the unspun silk to flow through the duct as a liquid but maintain a molecular order. In the recent years, a lot of research and innovation has been done to make a biomimmetic process for industrial scale production of these fibres. This approach is very similar to pultrusion. Liquidâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;liquid phase separation results in the formation of a high-density phase, which is separated from the low-density phase for further processing. The high-density phase is pumped through a diffusion unit in which ion exchange and acidification lead to a liquidâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;solid phase transition. The semisolid fiber is drawn out at constant speed from the spinneret, in which the remaining residual water is removed, resulting in a solid silk fiber. What popularised itself as a superpower in comics for the last three generations, is today on the verge of being a breakthrough material in the bio-medical, fibre and textile industry. A lot of R&D is going on in USA, Europe, India and Japan. An approach to this material from a polymer engineering perspective is quite necessary because of the wide and dynamic aspect of the field. Budding engineers are encouraged! Abhijit Shete Project Fellow, Complex Fluids and Polymer Engineering group, Polymers and Advanced Materials Laboratory, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Pune- 411008, INDIA Email: a.shete@ncl.res.in

PRESERVING GREEN FODDER IN FORM OF SILAGE USING REPOL PP BAGS TO TACKLE SHORTAGE ISSUES DURING LEAN PERIOD AND DRAUGHT CONDITIONS What is the current Feed Scenario in India? India is the largest milk producing country globally. However, the average milk yield of cattle in India is abysmally low (50% of the global average) on account of current fodder management practices. A recent report published by the planning commission indicates the deficit of green fodder is to the extent of 35%. The availability of green fodder is also dependent on the season; during summer season it is badly affected, whereas post monsoon a lot of green fodder goes to waste. Preserving this excess green fodder for the lean period is the key to increasing milk production. What is the Silage Concept? Ÿ Green forage can be conserved through a natural pickling process in a sealed airtight location, which is called ensiled forage of Silage. There are numerous advantages of converting green fodder to Silage, viz; Silage is a substitute for green fodder during lean period Silage ensures improved quality and digestibility of fodder to the livestock Silage helps in increasing the milk production and sustain high milk production during the lean period How is Silage made at present? Presently there are various methods being used for making Silage. These are mainly Concrete and Mud Silos. However excessive costs and inconvenience associated with these methods has resulted in limited usage, mainly by richer farmers. What are Repol PP bags used for making Silage? “Silage Bags” are made from large designed sacks known as FIBC (Flexible Intermediate Bulk Container) with a Polyethylene liner Silage made in PP bags made from Repol PP can be easily stored for longer periods of time without affecting its nutritious value. Being a lighter material, transportation is possible unlike traditional 'Silos' The bags are readily available in different sizes -100kg to 1000kg. These bags are tough with very high tear and puncture resistance. What is the acceptability of Silage Bags made from Repol PP? The concept of Silage making in FIBC bags was conceptualised more than 2 years ago and after thorough research and numerous trials the specifications were

finalised. Animal Husbandry Department of Government of Maharashtra conducted a number of trials at its Bull mother farm in Pune and has recently released a tender for supply of 2lac bags. A lot of dairies, both private and cooperative are now taking interest in using Repol PP bags for Silage making as well as promoting this concept to smaller farmers in order to make them self-sufficient in terms of fodder management during lean period. Numerous projects have been initiated with ICAR affiliated agencies like NIANP, RAJUVAS and Dapoli University for studies on storing different crops in form of Silage. PRESERVING GREEN FODDER IN FORM OF SILAGE USING REPOL PP BAGS TO TACKLE SHORTAGE ISSUES DURING LEAN PERIOD AND DRAUGHT CONDITIONS We are sure within next 3 years all Indian farmers will benefit from using FIBC bags made from Repol PP for Silage making. For further information contact Business Development Department at pp_businessdevelopment@ril.com The Polypropylene Business Development Team at Reliance has been at the forefront of introducing new applications for plastics across multiple industries such as Packaging, Automotive, Consumer Durables, Agriculture, Healthcare, Infrastructure etc. This has had a huge impact on these industries by offering various benefits like reduced costs, increased efficiency and improved quality. The team is involved from end-to-end, beginning with Product Development to Awareness Creation to Entrepreneur Development, thereby making our customer relationship a 360 degree partnership that converts burgeoning ideas into sustainable businesses. About Reliance The Reliance Group is India's largest private sector enterprise, with businesses in the energy and materials value chain. Group's annual revenues are in excess of US$ 66 billion. The flagship company, Reliance Industries Limited, is the largest private sector company in India and a Fortune Global 500 company. The Group's activities span exploration and production of oil and gas, petroleum refining and marketing, petrochemicals (polyester, fibre intermediates, plastics and chemicals), textiles, retail, infotel and special economic zones. Reliance enjoys global leadership in its businesses, being the largest polyester yarn and fibre producer in the world and among the top five to ten producers in the world in major petrochemical products.

POLYMERS IN COSMETICS -By Aayushi Waware T.E. Polymer

What is a cosmetic?

A substance or preparation intended for placement in contact with any external part of the human body' (this includes the mouth and teeth). We use cosmetics to cleanse, perfume, protect and change the appearance of our bodies or to alter its odors. Products that claim to 'modify a bodily process or prevent, diagnose, cure or alleviate any disease, ailment or defect' are called therapeutics. This distinction means that shampoos and deodorants are placed in the category of cosmetics, while anti-dandruff shampoos and antiperspirants are considered to be therapeutics. What do cosmetics contain?

Emulsifiers Many cosmetic products are based on emulsions â&#x20AC;&#x201C; small droplets of oil dispersed in water or small droplets of water dispersed in oil. Since oil and water don't mix, emulsifiers are added to produce the small droplets and to prevent the oil and water phases from separating. Emulsifiers work by changing the tension between the water and the oil, thus producing a homogeneous product with an even texture.

Preservatives Preservatives are added to cosmetics to prevent the growth of microorganisms (e.g., bacteria and fungi), which can spoil the product and possibly harm the user. Preservatives used in cosmetics can include parabens, benzyl alcohol and tetra sodium EDTA (ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid).

Thickeners Thickening agents such as polymers are often added to cosmetics to change their consistency. Polymers can be synthetic (e.g., polyethylene glycol) or derived from natural sources (e.g., polysaccharides). Seaweeds are a common source of natural polysaccharides â&#x20AC;&#x201C; carrageenans are extracted from red algae and alginates from brown algae. Cosmetics that are too thick can be diluted with solvents such as water or alcohol.

Fragrances, colors and pH stabilizers The ingredient list of a cosmetic product might also include chemicals that give a pleasant smell to the product, provide an appealing color, or adjust the pH (the acidity).

What does cosmetic contain?? Moisturizers are generally used to treat dry, scaly skin. Our skin becomes dry when water is lost from the top layer of dead skin cells faster than moisture can enter it from the living layers of skin below. Moisturizers can correct this problem in two ways: by preventing further moisture loss (occlusion) and by adding substances that increase the water-holding capacity of the skin (humectants). Occlusive moisturizers may contain oils such as isopropyl palmitate, stearyl alcohol or light mineral oil. The oils form a waterproof layer on the skin, reducing evaporation and allowing the body's natural process of rehydration to return the skin to a normal water level. Humectant moisturizers may contain substances like glycerin or alpha hydroxy acids (fruit acids

such as glycolic acid, citric acid or lactic acid), which add water to the top layer of skin. Shampoos and soaps clean by the use of surfactants (surface active agents). Surfactant molecules have both fat soluble (lipophilic) and water-soluble (hydrophilic) parts. The lipophilic part of the molecule sticks to oil and dirt, and the hydrophilic part allows water to then carry away the otherwise water-insoluble grime. Washing-up detergents work in the same way, although it isn't generally advisable to wash your hair with dishwashing liquid - they are formulated to remove thick grease from plates, not to gently clean your hair! Water solubility or the lack thereof - is an important factor in creating lipstick. Lipsticks are generally made by combining a water-insoluble dye with wax and a nonvolatile oil (beeswax with castor oil is a common formulation). This results in a substance that is stiff, but will spread easily on your lips. Because it's waterinsoluble, the lipstick won't be dissolved by saliva or by the drink you're sipping. Some lipsticks also use dyes which react with the amino acids in the protein of your skin - this is why some lipsticks appear blue or green in the tube, but turn a deep shade of red when applied to your lips. Fake tans also change color on contact with skin. The active ingredient in most fake tans is dihydroxyacetone, a colorless compound that darkens when it reacts with the amino acids in the top layer of skin. The color change is permanent, but because skin cells are constantly being shed the tan is usually gone after about a week.

TEAM ROBOCON

he MIT Robocon Tech Team is a group of 28 aspiring engineers from various streams such as Mechanical, Electronics, Computers, Polymer, Civil Engineering etc. MIT Tech Team started its journey in Robocon 2005. In the past years, our team's progress has been consistent and rapidly increasing. A major reason for this upcoming is that our team believes strongly in the sharing and exchange of knowledge. Each year, the new ideas and technologies are developed and implemented with the solid foundation of experience passed onto us by our seniors and ex-team members. This year as a part of R&D we had decided to experiment with materials

ther than aluminum (which is standard material used by all teams for building robot structure). We were successful in making laminates and box sections out of carbon fiber and epoxy resin; and implementing as a chassis of our robot. We are only team in India to use Composites in robotics. All this would not have been possible without the constant support and the technical know-how provided by Polymer Department. The automatic robot we designed was supposed to jump from one pole and collide on another. This required extreme strength and light weight. These demands wein Robocon 2015. Robotics is a multi-disciplinary field. We hope we get more students from polymer department to work in robotics as the use of material science and plastics is an integral part in robot design.

‘Tee’-ing with Sumedh Gangal Meet junior champion Sumedh Gangal. He began his career at the tender age of 14 in the Thailand True Visions Junior Championship. Today he has turned into a golf professional representing India week in and week out at various international golfing events and is ranked 57th in the country. 2014 has barely begun, but already he has participated in a number of events, namely: · Mercedes Benz Championship-Feb 2014 · Golf Expo- Feb 2014 · Audi Quattro Cup Oxford- Feb 2014 · Part of winning team in IGU NHS national golf challenge · Toyota Prius Oxford · Hyatt Cup · Audi Quattro Cup Turkey · Captains Cup It is no wonder that MIT has named him 'super star' for the year 2013-14.

I keep my paint brush with me Wherever I may go, In case I need to cover up So the real me doesn't show. I'm so afraid to show you me, Afraid of what you'll do-that You might laugh or say mean things. I'm afraid I might lose you. I'd like to remove all my paint coats To show you the real, true me, But I want you to try and understand, I need you to accept what you see. So if you'll be patient and close your eyes, I'll strip off all my coats real slow. Please understand how much it hurts To let the real me show. Now my coats are all stripped off. I feel naked, bare and cold, And if you still love me with all that you see, You are friend, pure as gold. I need to save my paint brush, though, And hold it in my hand, I want to keep it handy In case somebody doesn't understand. So please protect me, my dear friend And thanks for loving me true. But please let me keep my paint brush with me Until I love me too.

By Chinar Wakhloo T.E. Polymer 36

A Little More A little more kindness & a little less creed A little more giving & a little less greed A little more smile & a little less frown A little less kicking a Man when he's down A little more we & a little less cry

By- Aayushi Wawre T.E. Polymer.

SUCCESS

-Snehal Shahane T.E. Polymer

A little more flower on the pathway of life!

The road of success is not straight There is a curve called failure A loop called confusion Speed bumps called friends Red lights called enemies and Caution light called family But if you have a spare called determination Once engine called preservance Insurance called faith and A driver called god You will make it to road called success 37

I TRY TO REMEMBER Everybody doesn't have to love me It is okay to make mistakes Other people are okay and I am okay I don't have to control things I am responsible for my day I can handle it when things go wrong It is important to try I am capable I can change Other people are capable I can be flexible

By- Aayushi Wawre T.E. Polymer.

Thank you for everything unsaid and unheard For emotions can't be put in length of words To write for you, my pen is not worth Because in you I have seen the God on earth You gave me the sky to fly so high For without the striking the kite will die The bird may reach the top of hills The warmth of the nest will send down a hill The world admires the sweetness of fruits But why are we blind for the scarifying books May I pay in blood for you every drop of sweat For you chiseled me out of uncarved marble bed When your statue will come to light The world will admire the makers' right!!

- Trupti Vadhan T.E. Polymer

TO MY PARENTS

My December My sleepy December Approaches ever nearer With frost white mist Billowing the fields And chilly mornings Greet the early lark As she sings the world awake. I wrap my blanket And snuggle closer Into the soft warmth Of the early morning dream... No more nightmares for me!! As cozy blankets Protect the child inside From growing out Into the cold harsh world. The drip of early morning dew Settling on the roof I await the first snowfall As i stare at the sparkling lawn Lost in a world of fantastic reality The cataclysmic collision Of the real world with magic Brings us that much closer to peace We enjoy on leisurely December mornings Quietly huddled in beds For once rejoicing in the Earth's

- Chinar Wakhaloo T.E. Polymer stillness As warm tea

Mists up my eyes To bring back foggy memories Of fond huddles And winter blues A bittersweet melody Stirs in the heart And forces a wry smile on the lips... My lonely December Instills a warmth Overlooking a new year New promises, new bonds And hopes for a new future The whispy white breathing Spreads cheer with hot beverages And mouth-watering food That makes heat a tingling sensation Spreading slowly from inside out. Then my lovely December Comes to its ends And numerous teary goodbyes Cannot make up for its warm embrace And with silent longing I await the day When again i take out my warm clothes And greet my December with a smile...

Sketches By Trupti Vadhan T.E. Polymer

Clicks...

Studentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Photographs

By Shantanu Kulkarni T.E. Polymer

By Neha Patil B.E. Polymer

By Akhil Saxena B.E. Polymer 43

Across: 1. Cellulose is the is the main constituent most ______ fibers. 3. Rayon is ______fiber. 5. Armor-X is the trade name of ________. 6. Monomer of PVC is 7. Flexible foams are made of _________. 8. Vulcanization of rubbers does not increase 11. Polymer used for making unbreakable crockery is

Down 2. Nylon 6 is manufactured from 4. Zigler-Natta catalyst used in polymerization of 9. tube is good substituent for human blood vessels. 10. Caprolactum is produced from. 12. Tyres are made by the process called______ moulding. 13. Converting rubber into thin sheet 14. Major component of acrylics fibers

Poly Quiz By Aayushi Waware Swapnil Taskar 6. Bristles of tooth brushes are made of A. Nylon-6 B. Nylon 66C. Polystyrene D. PVC

2. Diphenylamine is added to rubber to A. Vulcanise it. B. Protect it from deterioration on exposure to air C. Make it non flammable D. Make it thermosetting 3. Polyuretane can not be used for making A. matteresse and foams B. coating material C. adhesives D. Bottles 4. Hot drinks(e.g. tea) cups are usually made of A. polystyrene B. polyethene C. Polypropylene D. PVC 5. Alkyd resin can not be used for making A. plasticiser B. Paint and varnishes C. Fibers D. Film forming materials

8. Orion is A. a copolymer B. a condensation polymer C. obtained by polymerising vinyl cynaide D. All the above 9. Raincoats are made of A. neoprene B. PVC C. Polyurethane D. SBR 10. The only natural thermoplastic resin, which is product of animal life A. Rosin B. Sheliac C. Amber D. Copal 11. ________ polyethene is most prone to stree tracking. A. High Density B. Low Densitry C. Crosslinked D. Linear Low Density Answers:1-C,2-B,3-D,4-A, 5-C,6-B,7-C,8-C,9-B,10-B,11-A

1. The rate controlling step in the manufacture of silicone rubber is the A. Polymer termination step B. Condensation of siloxane to silicone. C. Initial hydrolysis of silicone monomer.

7. Liners of bags are usually made of A. Polyethene B. PVC C. Polypropylene D. Polester