Personal Financial Planning
Why invest? Most of us in private job with no job security Inflation rate doesn’t match the increment rate To have regular income after retirement Taking care of children’s needs Investments must, hence, be foremost in the order of priority
barring any financial emergency
Understanding cash flow Preparing a Cash Flow statement of income and expenses Helps to focus or curtail unwanted expenses “The secret to getting rich is to pay yourself first (i.e., invest
for your future), before you pay others (utilities, shops, etc)” – Kiyosaki (author of Rich Dad Poor Dad)
Example of a cash flow statement
Total (savings)
+Rs 10,000.00
Where to Invest? ď‚— Different avenues of investment ď‚— Stocks, mutual funds, government bonds, post office schemes,
bank fixed deposits, commodities, gold, real estate, art, etc.
Inflation Inflation is the rate at which the cost of goods and services rises As inflation goes up, purchasing power decreases Three years ago, you could have bought a three bedroom apartment in a premium
suburb of Mumbai for Rs 75 lakh; today, the same amount will probably get you a one bedroom apartment in the same locality Inflation reduces the value of money
Impact of Inflation on financial goals ď‚— Over the years, you have to spend more in order to maintain
your standard of living ď‚— A management course that costs Rs 15 lakh today will cost
around Rs 41 lakh (at 7 per cent inflation), 15 years hence when your child is ready for it!
Real return To fight inflation, invest in a product which gives not just a
higher rate of interest than inflation, but also leaves with a substantial amount that enables to meet the goals Real return = stated return – Inflation Investing in an investment product provides 10% return then
actual return is 3% (10 – 7) If we consider 30% tax on return then the return is almost nil
Consider investing in equities, real estate and commodities
which are insulated from inflation
Accelerate earnings: The concept of reinvestment Are you investing the interest earned? The simple act of reinvesting the interest earned means you earn interest on the
interest and make more money Suppose you invested a sum of Rs 2 lakh in the Post Office Monthly Income Scheme
(MIS) @ 8 per cent per annum. Every month, a sum of Rs 1,333 will be deposited into your savings account, for a period of 6 years. “Where should i invest such a small amount?”, you may ask. Well, the Department of Posts has a Recurring Deposit (RD) scheme, where you can invest as little as Rs 10 each month @ 8 per cent per annum. Your MIS interest over 5 years would be Rs 80,000. Reinvesting would, hence, earn you an additional interest of 8 per cent on the Rs 80,000, without much effort.
Accelerate earnings: The concept of reinvestment ď‚— The following table demonstrates the value of Rs 10,000 invested at 7 per cent
over a period of 35 years, assuming that the interest is reinvested.
Compounding “Compounding the greatest mathematical discovery ever” – Albert Einstein Reinvest your income from interest on investments, your capital or principal that
is invested goes up Another factor that influences compounding is the frequency of compounding
Compounding is such a powerful financial tool that if you invest and
reinvest your savings and profits regularly, your investment portfolio will steadily outgrow your salary!
Financial Planning ď‚— Financial planning is the process of developing a personal
roadmap for your financial well being ď‚— The output of the financial planning process is a personal
financial plan that tells you how to use your money to achieve your goals, keeping in mind inflation, real returns, and taxes ď‚— Process of systematically planning your finances towards
achieving your short-term and long-term life goals
Benefits Helps monitor cash flows and reduces unnecessary expenditure Enables maintenance of an optimum balance between income and expenses Helps boost savings and create wealth Helps reduce tax liability Maximizes returns from investments Creates wealth and ensures better wealth management to achieve life goals Financially secures retirement life Reviews insurance needs and therefore also ensures that dependents are
financially secure in the unfortunate event of death or disability Lastly, it also ensures that a will is made
Financial Planning Process Identify your current financial situation Identify your goals Identify financial gaps Prepare your personal financial plan Implement your financial plan Periodically review your plan
Tips for Financial Planning Start now. Even if you are in your mid thirties or forties, it’s better to start
now than dawdle for another five years. Every day counts Be honest with yourself. Seek help when needed. Set sensible, measurable goals for yourself. Be realistic in your expectations of
the results of financial planning Review your plan and financial situation periodically and adjust as needed Always review the performance of your investments; pull out if needed and
reinvest the money elsewhere. Be hands-on. It’s your money and no one else will do your work for you
Types of Investment Stocks Mutual funds Government bonds Post office schemes Public Provident Fund Bank fixed deposits Company fixed deposits Commodities Gold Real estate Art
Why Insurance is not categorized as Investment?
Stocks Risk High
Returns High
Tax impact Capital gains tax will be calculated based on your gain
Requirements Demat account to be opened
Mutual Funds Risk High to Low based on the type of funds chosen
Returns Medium
Tax impact Requirements KYC process to be followed
Investment type Fixed amount more than Rs. 1000 or SIP
Government Bonds Risk Low
Returns Low
Tax impact Tax free based on type of bonds
Requirements Demat account or buy in paper form
Investment type Fixed amount more than Rs. 5000 as one time investment with specific period
Post Of fice Savings Scheme (POSS) Risk Nil
Returns Low
Tax impact Interest is taxable
Requirements None
Investment type National Savings Certificates (NSC), National Savings Scheme (NSS), Kisan Vikas
Patra, Monthly Income Scheme and Recurring Deposit Scheme
Public Provident Fund (PPF) Risk Nil but poor liquidity
Returns Medium
Tax impact Tax free
Requirements Should be opened on individual’s name Maximum savings can’t exceed 70000 per year Can remit in a single installment or in max of 12 installments Can avail loan Can liquidate only after 15 years
Bank FDs Risk Low
Returns Medium
Tax impact Interest is taxable
Interest rate will vary based on RBI’s monetary policy
Company FDs Risk Medium
Returns Medium
Tax impact Interest is taxable
Interest rate is high when compared with Banks but risk is high Fixed term
Insurance Provides financial protection to dependants Doesn’t make sense if there are no dependants Finalizing Life Cover Life cover should be 10 times your annual income Consider other debts, pre-existing medical complication, etc.
Fund performance In case of ULIP, evaluate the performance of the company in the past years
Types of Insurance Products Term Insurance Endowment Insurance Plans ULIP Pension Plans Money-Back Plan
Best Practices in investing Diversify your portfolio Constantly monitor your investment and try to correct bad
performing assets Use online portfolio tools to have consolidated view of your
investments Don’t save what is left after spending but spend what is left after
saving Add nominee in all your investments Constantly review your financial goals with the investments you have
made
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