Co-Working: An Initiative to Decrease Metro City Migration. by Deeksha sharma

DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE

CO-WORKING: AN INITIATIVE TO DECREASE METRO CITY MIGRATION.

DEEKSHA SHARMA Roll no. 164393 05 June 2021 B.Arch. Semester 10 ARM110 Thesis Faculty Mentor: Apeksha Jain Thesis Coordinator: Nidhip Mehta

CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this document entitled “CO-WORKING: An Initiative To Decrease Metro City Migration” is submitted into official record as a requirement for the subject ARM110 - Thesis, in the 10th semester of the Bachelor of Architecture professional degree programme at Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed University), Agra, UP, India. This document is a record of my own original work carried out by me from October 2020 to June 2021 under the supervision and guidance of my faculty mentor, Apeksha Jain. I, Deeksha Sharma, am the sole author and creator of this work and, to the best of my knowledge; it contains no unreferenced copyrighted material attributable to others. The matter embodied in this project has not been, to the best of my knowledge, submitted for the award of any other degree or diploma. I release the contents and subject material of this document, including all words, images, and intellectual property, into the custody of Dayalbagh Educational Institute. Name: DEEKSHA SHARMA Roll no: 164393 Signature: Date: 05 JUNE 2021

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This architectural design thesis is a result of the diligent work for several months, which forced me to step out of my comfort zone for many different occasions. It would not have been possible without the help of my faculty and industry mentors as well as my family and fellow students, who supported me with ideas, encouragement, and positivity. I would like to express my gratitude to my primary faculty mentor, Prof. Apeksha Jain for her consistent help and guidance. I would also like to extend my appreciation to another faculty guides for their help with the thesis research. I gratefully acknowledge the effort that I received from my parents and I would like to extend my thanks to my brother who helped me throughout the journey. Finally, I would like to extend thanks to my friends, and batch mates for their patience, appreciation and support.

TABLE OF CONTENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................................................. 3 1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................... 11 1.1. W HY MIGRATION HAS TO BE IN FOCUS? ............................................................................................. 11 1.2. HOW A CO-W ORKING SPACE CAN HELP? ........................................................................................... 14 1.3. W HY THIS CO-W ORKING HAS TO BE IN AGRA? ................................................................................... 15 2. USER GROUP ........................................................................................................................................ 17 3. SWOT ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................. 18 4. HISTORY OF CO-WORKING ................................................................................................................. 20 4.1. HISTORY OF CO-W ORKING GLOBALLY ................................................................................................. 20 4.2. SPIRAL MUSE, AT SAN FRANCISCO...................................................................................................... 22 5. CASE STUDY ......................................................................................................................................... 25 5.1. REASON FOR CHOOSING EACH CASE STUDY OF COWORKING .............................................................. 25 5.2. THE EXECUTIVE CENTRE (OCEAN FINANCIAL CENTRE), IN SINGAPORE ................................................. 25 5.3. L‟ATELIER VANCOUVER COWORKING, AT CANADA ............................................................................... 30 5.4. THE EXECUTIVE CENTRE (DLF CYBER CITY), AT GURGAON ................................................................ 34 5.5. COWOCOLI, AT JAIPUR ....................................................................................................................... 38 5.6. OTHER REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROPOSAL ....................................................................................... 44 6. SITE STUDY ........................................................................................................................................... 47 6.1. LOCATION OF THE SITE FOR COWORKING IN AGRA ............................................................................... 47 6.2. SITE SURROUNDING ........................................................................................................................... 48 6.3. SITE CONNECTIVITY ........................................................................................................................... 50 6.4. EXISTING CONDITION OF THE SITE ...................................................................................................... 51 6.5. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ........................................................................................................................ 55 6.6. SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTOR................................................................................................................. 57 6.7. BYLAWS............................................................................................................................................. 57 7. TYPOLOGY OF THE PROPOSAL ......................................................................................................... 61 7.1. HISTORY OF OFFICE SPACES TILL DATE .............................................................................................. 61 7.2. DESIGN OF THE TYPICAL OFFICE AND COWORKING SPACES ................................................................. 62 7.3. NORMS FOR OFFICE AND WORKING SPACES ......................................................................................... 62 7.4. STRUCTURE TYPE AND MATERIALS USED FOR THE TYPICAL OFFICE AND COWORKING SPACES ............. 66 7.5. PARAMETERS FOR DESIGNING WITH RESPECT TO SURROUNDING........................................................... 67 4

8. TYPOLOGY OF THE PROPOSAL ......................................................................................................... 72 8.1. REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................................. 72 8.2. SPACE AND EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENT CHART ..................................................................................... 73 8.3. PROXIMITY CHART .............................................................................................................................. 74 8.4. SPACE‟S PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTIC AND AREA STATEMENT ............................................................... 75 8.5. DESK TYPE DIVISION .......................................................................................................................... 79 8.6. AREA CHART ...................................................................................................................................... 80 8.7. BUSINESS FEASIBILITY MODEL ............................................................................................................ 82 9. SCHENATIC DESIGN ............................................................................................................................ 84 9.1. BUBBLE DIAGRAM .............................................................................................................................. 84 9.2. SITE ZONING ...................................................................................................................................... 84 9.3. CONCEPT........................................................................................................................................... 86 9.4. FORM EVOLUTION .............................................................................................................................. 87 9.5. CLIMATE RESPONSIVE FEATURES IN THE BUILDING .............................................................................. 89 10. PLANNING AND DESIGNING ............................................................................................................. 91 10.1. FLOOR PLANS WITH RESPECTIVE VIEWS OF SPACES.......................................................................... 91 10.2. SECTIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 105 10.3. FURNITURE MOOD BOARD .............................................................................................................. 108 10.4. ELEVATIONS................................................................................................................................... 109 11. DETAILS ............................................................................................................................................. 112 11.1. STRUCTURAL DETAILS .................................................................................................................... 112 11.2. BEAM-COLUMN PLAN ..................................................................................................................... 114 11.3. FURNITURE DETAILS WITH DIMENSION............................................................................................. 116 12. BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................. 121 ANNEXURES-1 ........................................................................................................................................ 125 ANNEXURES- 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 130 ANNEXURES- 3 ....................................................................................................................................... 131 Cover page image: Co-working in Agra: to avoid migration to metro cities. (Source: author)

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1: THE MIGRATION OF PEOPLE DUE TO WORKFORCE FROM TIER 2 CITY (AGRA) ....................................... 15 TABLE 2: THE OCCUPATION OF THE AGRA‟S PEOPLE. ....................................................................................... 16 TABLE 3: ASPECT ABOUT THE SPIRAL MUSE (QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS): ............................................................. 23 TABLE 4: ASPECT ABOUT THE EXECUTIVE CENTER (QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS)...................................................... 30 TABLE 5: ASPECT ABOUT THE L‟ATELIER VANCOUVER (QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS) ................................................ 34 TABLE 6: ASPECT ABOUT THE EXECUTIVE CENTER (QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS)...................................................... 38 TABLE 7: ASPECT ABOUT THE COWOCOLI (QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS) ................................................................... 40 TABLE 8: COMPARISON BETWEEN CASES STUDIES (QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS). ................................................... 41 TABLE 9: CLIMATIC FACTOR AND THEIR SOLUTION ............................................................................................ 57 TABLE 10: THE HEIGHT AND SETBACK RATIO TABLE. ........................................................................................ 58 TABLE 11: THE AREA FOR EACH SPACE ........................................................................................................... 62 TABLE 12: THE REQUIRED LUMINOUS FOR EACH AREA IN OFFICE ...................................................................... 63 TABLE 13: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF CASE STUDIES ...................................................................................... 68 TABLE 14: FACTORS THAT WILL INFLUENCE THE FORM, PLANNING AND STRUCTURE OF THE PROPOSAL. ............. 70 TABLE 15: SPACE'S PHYSICAL FACTORS WITH REQUIRED AREA ........................................................................ 75 TABLE 16: AREA CHART ................................................................................................................................. 80 TABLE 17: TOTAL NUMBER OF OCCUPANCY ACCORDING TO CASE STUDIES. ...................................................... 82

TABLE OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1: THE PROPORTION OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS VARIES SIGNIFICANTLY AROUND THE WORLD. .......... 12 FIGURE 2: MIGRATION IN INDIA ....................................................................................................................... 12 FIGURE 3: THE PROPORTION OF MIGRANTS IN METRO CITY (DELHI) .................................................................. 13 FIGURE 4: AGRA'S LOCATION FROM DELHI. ..................................................................................................... 15 FIGURE 5: INDIAN WORKING CENSUS............................................................................................................... 17 FIGURE 6: TIMELINE OF COWORKING. ............................................................................................................. 21 FIGURE 7: LOCATION OF SPIRAL MUSE HOUSE (THE FIRST CO-WORKING SPACE). ............................................. 22 FIGURE 8: SPIRAL MUSE ................................................................................................................................ 23 FIGURE 9: LOCATION OF THE EXECUTIVE CENTER AT SINGAPORE .................................................................... 26 FIGURE 10: THE EXISTING NETWORK OF THE EXECUTIVE CENTER (37-SERVICED OFFICE LOCATED IN PRIME CBD LOCATIONS ACROSS ASIA) ..................................................................................................................... 27

FIGURE 11: SITE SURROUNDING OF EXECUTIVE CENTER, SINGAPORE ............................................................. 27 FIGURE 12: FLOOR PLAN OF OCEAN FINANCIAL CENTER AT LEVEL-37. ............................................................ 28 FIGURE 13: FLOOR PLAN OF OCEAN FINANCIAL CENTER AT LEVEL-40. ............................................................ 28 FIGURE 14: THE EXECUTIVE CENTER .............................................................................................................. 29 FIGURE 15: LOCATION OF L‟ATELIER VANCOUVER COWORKING, AT CANADA .................................................... 30 FIGURE 16: ACCESSIBILITY TO THE L‟ATELIER COWORKING ............................................................................. 31 FIGURE 17: SITE SURROUNDING OF L‟ATELIER COWORKING, CANADA. ............................................................. 31 FIGURE 18: FIGURE 17: L‟ATELIER VANCOUVER ............................................................................................. 33 FIGURE 19: LOCATION OF THE EXECUTIVE CENTER AT GURGAON .................................................................... 34 FIGURE 20: THE EXISTING NETWORK OF THE EXECUTIVE CENTER (37-SERVICED OFFICE LOCATED IN PRIME CBD LOCATIONS ACROSS ASIA) ..................................................................................................................... 35

FIGURE 21: SITE SURROUNDING OF THE EXECUTIVE CENTER GURGAON........................................................... 36 FIGURE 22: FLOOR PLAN OF EXECUTIVE CENTER AT DLF CYBER CITY GURGAON (AT LEVEL-18). ...................... 36 FIGURE 23: EXECUTIVE CENTER, GURGAON ................................................................................................... 37 FIGURE 24: LOCATION OF THE COWOCOLI AT JAIPUR ...................................................................................... 38 FIGURE 25: COWOCOLI, JAIPUR ..................................................................................................................... 40 FIGURE 26: LOCATION OF THE COWORKING SPACE IN AGRA ............................................................................ 47 FIGURE 27: PLAN OF SANJAY PLACE AREA AND SURROUNDINGS- WITH THE LOCATION OF SITE........................... 48 FIGURE 28: PROPOSED SITE (IN HATCH) AND THE EXISTING BUILDING BLOCKS. ................................................. 48 FIGURE 29: PLAN OF THE SANJAY PLACE AREA AND ITS SURROUNDING BUILDINGS. ........................................... 49 FIGURE 30: PLAN OF THE SANJAY PLACE AREA AND ITS SURROUNDING ROADS. ................................................ 49 FIGURE 31: MAJOR CONNECTIVITY TO THE SITE............................................................................................... 50 FIGURE 32: INTRA CITY TRANSPORTATION MODES. .......................................................................................... 51 FIGURE 33: THE SITE WITH PROPOSED BLOCK AND EXISTING BUILDINGS. .......................................................... 51 7

FIGURE 34: EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS-1. ...................................................................................................... 52 FIGURE 35: EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS-2. ...................................................................................................... 53 FIGURE 36: EXISTING SITE TOWERS WITH VERTICAL CORES. ............................................................................ 54 FIGURE 37: TOWER THAT WILL BE MAINTAINED ON SITE. ................................................................................... 54 FIGURE 38: SUN-PATH AND PREVAILING W INDS ON THE SITE........................................................................... 55 FIGURE 39: CLIMATIC FACTORS OF AGRA ....................................................................................................... 56 FIGURE 40: EARTH AIR TUNNEL. .................................................................................................................... 64 FIGURE 41: SOLAR CHIMNEY. ......................................................................................................................... 65 FIGURE 42: EVAPORATIVE COOLING THROUGH A WATER BODY ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE BUILDING. .................... 65 FIGURE 43: ROBERT PLUTCHIK'S W HEEL OF EMOTIONS .................................................................................. 66 FIGURE 44: DIVISION FOR TYPE OF DESK ........................................................................................................ 79 FIGURE 45: COST ANALYSIS FOR OCCUPANCY................................................................................................. 82 FIGURE 46: BUBBLE DIAGRAM ........................................................................................................................ 84 FIGURE 47: ZONING ACCORDING TO CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. ........................................................................... 84 FIGURE 48: ZONING ACCORDING TO CONNECTIVITY........................................................................................ 85 FIGURE 49: FINAL ZONING PLAN. .................................................................................................................... 85 FIGURE 50: CONCEPT. ................................................................................................................................... 86 FIGURE 51: CURVILINEAR FORM ..................................................................................................................... 87 FIGURE 52: FORM ACCORDING TO ZONING ..................................................................................................... 87 FIGURE 53: FINAL FORM. ............................................................................................................................... 88 FIGURE 54: TRANSFORMATION OF CONCEPTUAL FORM INTO FINAL BUILDING. .................................................... 88 FIGURE 55: CLIMATE RESPONSIVE FEATURES IN THE BUILDING......................................................................... 89 FIGURE 56: CONNECTION BETWEEN ACTIVITIES ON ALL FLOORS. ...................................................................... 91 FIGURE 57: SITE PLAN. .................................................................................................................................. 92 FIGURE 58: GROUND FLOOR PLAN. ................................................................................................................. 93 FIGURE 59: VIEW OF CAFETERIA ON GROUND FLOOR. ..................................................................................... 94 FIGURE 60: VIEW OF THE ENTRY PLAZA ON GROUND FLOOR FOR EXISTING SHOPS............................................. 94 FIGURE 61: VIEW OF THE BUILDING FROM PEDESTRIAN ENTRY SIDE. ................................................................ 95 FIGURE 62: VIEW OF THE MAIN ENTRY INTO THE CO-WORKING. ....................................................................... 95 FIGURE 63: SHADOW EFFECTS ON THE W HOLE BUILDING THROUGH OUT THE DAY ........................................... 96 FIGURE 64: FIRST FLOOR PLAN. ..................................................................................................................... 97 FIGURE 65:W ORKSHOP SPACE (FLEXIBLE IN USE). ......................................................................................... 98 FIGURE 66: MEZZANINE FLOORS IN THE OPEN PLAZA. .................................................................................... 98 FIGURE 67: VIEW OF COMMON SEATING SPACE (WITH EVAPORATIVE COOLING FEATURE). ................................. 99 FIGURE 68: VIEW OF THE ENTERTAINMENT ZONE FROM THE MIDDLE ROAD. ....................................................... 99 FIGURE 69: VIEW OF MIDDLE ROAD FROM THE BRIDGE. .................................................................................... 99 FIGURE 70: SECOND FLOOR PLAN. ............................................................................................................... 100

FIGURE 71: VIEW OF THE UPPER BRIDGE WITH PERGOLA SHADING. ................................................................ 101 FIGURE 72: VIEW OF TERRACES WITH SUN MOVEMENT AND SHADOW EFFECTS................................................ 101 FIGURE 73: THIRD FLOOR PLAN. ................................................................................................................... 102 FIGURE 74: TERRACE FLOOR PLAN. .............................................................................................................. 103 FIGURE 75: BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN. ............................................................................................................ 104 FIGURE 76: SECTION- AA‟ (THROUGH OPEN PLAZA)....................................................................................... 105 FIGURE 77: VIEW OF OPEN PLAZA WITH MEZZANINE FLOOR. .......................................................................... 106 FIGURE 78: SECTION-BB‟ (THROUGH CONNECTING BRIDGE). ......................................................................... 107 FIGURE 79: CONNECTING BRIDGE FROM SOUTH SIDE (RED SANDSTONE JAALI WORK). .................................... 108 FIGURE 80: FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT MOOD BOARD. ................................................................................ 108 FIGURE 81: ELEVATION VIEW OF THE BUILDING FROM ALL FOUR SIDE.............................................................. 109 FIGURE 82: FOUNDATION OF THE SITE WITH EXISTING BUILDING. .................................................................... 112 FIGURE 83: SLOPE FOUNDATION IS USED FOR THE STRUCTURE. ..................................................................... 112 FIGURE 84: COLUMN WITH FOUNDATION. ...................................................................................................... 113 FIGURE 85: BEAMS WITH COLUMN AND FOUNDATION. .................................................................................... 113 FIGURE 86: TERRACE FLOORS IN THE ISOMETRIC VIEW OF STRUCTURAL GRID. ................................................ 113 FIGURE 87: BUILDING WITH BEAM-COLUMN AND FLOORS................................................................................ 114 FIGURE 88: COLUMN BEAM PLAN OF BASEMENT FLOOR.................................................................................. 114 FIGURE 89: COLUMN BEAM PLAN OF GROUND FLOOR..................................................................................... 115 FIGURE 90: COLUMN BEAM PLAN OF FIRST FLOOR. ........................................................................................ 115 FIGURE 91: COLUMN BEAM PLAN OF SECOND FLOOR. .................................................................................... 116 FIGURE 92: DIMENSION AND REQUIRED NUMBER OF EACH TYPE OF FURNITURE. ............................................. 119 FIGURE 93: RESPONDENT‟S HOMETOWN....................................................................................................... 125 FIGURE 94: OCCUPATION OF THE RESPONDENTS .......................................................................................... 125 FIGURE 95: W ORK FROM HOME DURING LOCKDOWN ...................................................................................... 126 FIGURE 96: EXPERIENCE OF WORKING FROM HOME....................................................................................... 126 FIGURE 97: OPINION ABOUT REMOTE WORKING............................................................................................. 126 FIGURE 98: EFFECT OF LOCKDOWN .............................................................................................................. 126 FIGURE 99: PREFERENCE FOR WORKING TYPE .............................................................................................. 127 FIGURE 100: FACILITIES ATTRACT PEOPLE TO METROS .................................................................................. 127 FIGURE 101: REASON OF LEAVING THEIR CITIES. ........................................................................................... 127 FIGURE 102: PREFERENCE OF PICKING REMOTE WORKING IF WAGES AND FACILITIES ARE SIMILAR. .................. 128 FIGURE 103: EXPECTATIONS WITH REMOTE WORKING. .................................................................................. 128 FIGURE 104: FACILITIES PEOPLE WANT IN THEIR CITY .................................................................................... 128 FIGURE 105: EXPECTATIONS WITH OFFICE ENVIRONMENT.............................................................................. 129 FIGURE 106: REMOTE WORKING IN AN IDEAL CONDITION ................................................................................ 129 FIGURE 107: REMOTE WORKING FOR FUTURE ............................................................................................... 129

FIGURE 108: SITE IS FEASIBLE FOR THE PURPOSE. ........................................................................................ 131 FIGURE 109: REASON OF NO-DEVELOPMENT IN THIS AREA ............................................................................. 131 FIGURE 110: BUSINESS INVESTMENT ............................................................................................................ 132 FIGURE 111: SELL THE PROPERTY ............................................................................................................... 132

1. INTRODUCTION India is the second-largest country in Asia, which has the most number of co-workers after China. Coworking is the future, as the young generation prefers to work in with similar minded people and choose to work with more flexibility and fun; and co-working exactly does that. Co-working provides a collaborative working environment for freelancers and entrepreneurs to work in an open environment as not everyone can afford to buy a property for their start up. Similarly, remote working can also help to avoid the migration, and then remote workers can work in some co-working space to avoid the feeling of isolation so this can solve two different problems like- migration to metros and providing a collaborative space for remote workers. So here, a commercial co-working hub will be introduced in Agra for urban professional working-class people. People choose to work remotely from their interests but what if most of the population of the corporative world will work remotely. In that situation, the co-working offices will have a different kind of environment because then the number of people, typology of work, and timings of work will be changed from the current situation. This has been seen in people that they will choose to work remotely but they will not want to have the feeling of isolation from the office environment (survey by author: Annexure-1). Therefore, if there is a place where they will work with the people of the same stream the feeling of isolation will be reduced and this can help to avoid the migration of people because of corporative work. So the co-working office building will be made in the CBD of Agra (Sanjay place) which will provide its services to the freelancers, entrepreneurs, and medium size start-ups, local business sectors of Agra and remote workers of Agra. So that it will help the people for their start-up and can help control the migration of young professionals. This will be different from the existing co-working space in terms of – number of occupancy, Typology of working spaces as different streams will have segregated spaces. The approach of this project will be vernacular and sustainable architecture in the structure of the building, and interior will be more artistic, and aesthetic according to the typology of the users, the design of the spaces will be more adaptive, flexible, and dynamic for the users.

1.1. Why Migration Has To Be In Focus? 

Overpopulation is the result of Migration. This also causes ignorance of small towns.



India is the leading country in the world in sending migrants to other countries. India has most of its population migrated from their birthplace and the popular reason is WORK.

Figure 1: The proportion of international migrants varies significantly around the world. (Source: World Migration Report 2020, 23).

Figure 2: Migration in India. (Source: Tumbe, 5).



On the world map, most of the migrated population is living in the countries where the living standard and working opportunities are good.



In addition, on the India‟s map most of the migration happened from the place near to big metro cities of India.



This clearly states that the reason of migration is work force, opportunities, amenities and infrastructure.



The Indian census (2011) says that 30.57% population of India is migrated from their birthplace. And 14.7% of the migration is happened due to work force. 12

Similarly, Migration in Indian metro city (Delhi) census (2001) says- 54.64% of Delhi‟s population are migrants out of that 97.79% are from the country itself and rest are from the world. Same condition is with other metro cities of India and the world.

Figure 3: The proportion of migrants in Metro city (Delhi). (Drawn by: Author) (Source: Study on Counter Magnet Areas to Delhi and NCR.).

All these facts are stating that migration is disturbing the infrastructure of the metro cities as well as it causes declination of small towns. There are several effects of migration on the metro cities, migrants who move to big cities for work and on the small towns from where people migrate. Effects on metro cities: More people need more resources. When the population increases the resources has to be increased but unfortunately these are not spontaneous processes. These become the biggest reason for the problem. It causes different problems in the city‟s infrastructure like

Traffic congestion,



Global Warming



Land Scarcity



Improper Services



Slum Formation, etc.

Effects on the migrants: The people who migrate for a better amenities and opportunities gets the benefits of a better lifestyle but it also become hectic for them in terms of their mental peace. They face the problems like

High rant,



Expensive Lifestyle,



Shortage of Spaces, etc.

Effects on small towns: Small towns are left behind because there were fewer opportunities but now they start converting into a town with least opportunities and that cause to a dead town or city. Small towns are left from the basic development facilities. Small towns face the problems like

Economic Loss,



Lead towards a Dead City



Less Urban Development, etc.

Therefore, these all are the problems that occurs due to migration. It is effecting the two different cities for the same reason that is why there has to be a solution that can solve the problem of over migration and declination of small towns. Due to the Covid-19, pandemic remote working has come as a new revolutionary change for the corporate sector and this can help in various ways.

1.2. How A Co-Working Space Can Help? The pandemic of Covid-19 has explained the remote working to almost everyone in every sector of working. So through a survey, conducted over the working population (from design sector, IT sector and call centers mostly) of Agra which has migrated to Delhi or some other big metro cities says

81% of them worked remotely during the lockdown,



82% said working from home was satisfactory and well organized for them,



77% said they would choose to work remotely if they get the same opportunities and facilities in their hometown.

However, they were afraid of missing the office environment, learning from colleagues, office chitchat, less facilities for working remotely from home, face-to-face interaction, meeting space for client meetings etc. So as a solution CO-WORKING can help to solve to different problems- over migration towards metros and feeling of isolation for remote workers. Benefits of co-working space: 

Zero Capital Outlay for entrepreneurs



Zero Setup Costs for Small start Ups



100% Agility



Global Expansion Made Easier for Organizations



Increase Global Presence with Less Investment

1.3. Why This Co-Working Has To Be In Agra? Demographic Factor: Agra Agra is a tourist city, which has many small handicraft industries (like- textile, leather, foundries, electrical goods, fans, pipes, C.I., casting, leather goods including shoes, etc.). Other than, these Agra is also famous for its shoe industry and Petha. The occupation of the population is described in the table-2, how many people and how much (percentage) population is involved in which occupation. The population of Agra is 44,18,797 (4.4 millions) in total. (Census of India, 2011). 

Agra is 224 km from Delhi- it can be proposed as a remote working hub for Delhi‟s overpopulation due to migration (Google map).

224 km.

Figure 4: Agra's location from Delhi.



Agra is the 13 city to send migrants to Delhi- this coworking can help to reduce that number source: (Census of India, 2001).

Table 1: The migration of people due to workforce from tier 2 city (Agra) (source: Census of India, 2001).

Migrated population (due to workforce of corporate world)

Agra‟s population migrated due to workforce

Agra‟s population migrated to Delhi (metro city) due to workforce.



Population

Percentage (%)

937692

25.9

28970

1.33

There is a proposal for Agra to be a Garment hub- fashion industry is one of the sector which can easily work remotely so that will add a good number of users for the proposal (Chaturvedi, 1).



According to Agra‟s working population, census- there is about 60% of the working population can use this space for different uses (Census of India, 2011).

Table 2: The occupation of the Agra’s people (source: Census of India, 2011).

Occupation

Population

Percentage (%)

Agriculture

4410

2.87

Household industry

13325

8.69

Manufacturing

37755

24.61

Construction

4618

3.01

Communication, transportation and storage.

19642

12.80

Trade and business

33829

22.05

Other services

39816

25.96

Benefits that Agra will get through this proposal: As an tier 2 city Agra is one of the cities that have a good number of people who migrate from the city as well as who migrate in the city. There are some benefits that Agra will get and these can be related to any tire 2 city for its development. 

Youth Retention,



Economic Growth,



Attracting Investors,



Development of City‟s Lifestyle,



Urban Infrastructure Development,



Development of Local Art and Business, etc.

All the above facts are showing the different reasons about how a co-working space can help in the development of a tier 2 city. Therefore, to propose a co-working in tier 2 city as an example to avoid the migration towards metro cities Agra work the best. This proposal is also planned as a prototype example

and experiment to know as this idea can help to avoid the problems due to migration through remote working.

2. USER GROUP In India: In India there is about 10-15% working population can work remotely as a futuristic change in corporate world.

Figure 5: Indian working census. (Source:Census of India, 2011).

In Agra: 

Start-up businesses (Shoe industry, Wedding planners, etc.),



Freelancers (Designers, Teachers),



Solopreneurs (Garment hub) [According to Hindustan times, government is proposing to make a garment hub in Agra] (Chaturvedi, 1).



Entrepreneurs (from different sectors),



Remote Workers (Design, IT and call center- as a proposed remote hub for overpopulation of metro city),



SMEs and virtually every other business model.

3. SWOT ANALYSIS Strength: 

As an alternative to conventional working system.



A new work place for the youth (strength of the city)



Major factor to overcome the over population



Help in development of small towns or cities

Weakness: 

Lack of digital plate forms in India



Weak remote working network

Opportunity: 

A new thought for people to move from the convention mind set – “good job = big cities”



A new remote hub for all



Helps to support the digital India concept



A plate form for collaborating the new ideas

Threats: 

Feeling of losing the conventional working environment



Lack of awareness

4. HISTORY OF CO-WORKING Co-working was very first introduced in late 20th century, but it gained popularity in the early 21st century. The co-working is a space that provides remote workers an office kind of environment to manage their home and office life like other conventionally working employees. The working is the essential need for a human being and an average employee spend about one-third of his life in office (belong to corporate world) in order to achieve his career goals. Remote working can work as an alternative for the metro city‟s migration. In this proposal, a multidisciplinary co-working space will be introduced for tier-2 cities. The coworking movement espouses five core values: Community, Openness, Collaboration, Sustainability, and Accessibility.

4.1. History of Co-Working Globally The history of co-working spaces started in 1995 (Foertsch, 2013). The co-working space first introduced in Berlin, in 1995. C-base; it was the first hackers space in the world. They provide Wi-Fi connectivity and promoted free public access to internet, the purpose was to provide a community space where people can meet and work. These spaces can be considered as some of the first pre-models of co-working space. 

1999:

After that in 1999, DeKoven launched the word "co-working" as a way to identify a method that would facilitate collaborative work and business meetings coordinated by computers.

In the same year, another space popped-up in New York City. A software company that provides flexible desks for individual and teams ran 42 West 24.

In 2002, mother of co-working „Schraubenfabrik‟, named as a “community center for entrepreneurs” in Vienna. At that time, the term co-working was not invented.



2005:

On 9 August 2005, the official first “co-working space” has introduced by a software developer „Brad Neuberg‟ at San Francisco in a Spiral Muse. He wanted to have freedom of working individually for himself along with a sense of community so he started it in a women‟s community center during business hours several days a week. He did not hold the idea as an owner and ask everyone to take the idea and remix it and use it by your own.

At a certain point, about a year into Spiral Muse, the space seemed like it had died, it felt like coworking had died. However, all people who had taken this idea and remixed it actually ended up making another space called Hat Factory.

The co-working was used to call “9 to 5 group” before it named co-working in 2005. In the very beginning, the co-working used to called hacker‟s space.

In that same year, in London‟s Angel station a co-working space named as “The Hub” made. From there more 40 other coworking spaces have been developed, which is the biggest network of coworking spaces as of today.



2006:

Brad Neuberg, Chris Messina and Tara Hunt together started a first full time co-working space called „the Hat factory‟. They established the network of coworking forum, coworking wiki and coworking blog.

In that same year, the first “Jellies” started, which is a meeting space where a small group of people come together to collaborate within an informal atmosphere.



2007: The term „co-working‟ was seen as a trend on Google. However, until 2009/2010 it was limited to US.



2008: The first unofficial coworking meet-ups took place. By the end of 2008, there are about 160 coworking spaces worldwide.



2009: Germany had its first coworking space and one year later Germany established as first European country that used term coworking according to the Google trend.



2010: In 2010, the market of coworking took rise. In this year, coworking was introduced in India officially. The coworking is term that was used in some textbooks of history indicating God‟s working together (1628). However, in 21st century coworking came into lights and rising from then continuously.



2012: There were 2000 coworking space and until now, the coworking spaces were doubling up every year.



2013: There were 3000 coworking spaces made.

 Figure 6: Timeline of coworking. (Source: Foertsch, 2013. Drawn by Author).

From the year 2010 to 2019, the coworking spaces are rising and increasing in number all over the globe. 21

4.2. Spiral Muse, at San Francisco Location: in the Spiral Muse house at 3387 22nd St., near Guerrero in San Francisco.

Figure 7: Location of Spiral Muse house (the first co-working space). (Source: Google map).

About the place: (Coworking: Community Office Space for Writers and Programmers, 2). 

This is a non-profit co-op with low monthly rates.



They offered 5-8 desks two days a week (Monday and Tuesday), along with shared lunches, meditation breaks, massages, bike tours.



This place has a strict closing time of 5.45 pm.



This space also has a kitchen, garden, coffee shop along with the working space.



This space has seating in the garden area also so that co-workers can also work there and this will help them to increase their work efficiency.



This space was designed for programmers and writers more but it is open to all.



This was the first co-working space so it provides trial working to understand the unknown concept of co-working.

Figure 8: Spiral Muse- 1. Main co-working space, 2. Full garden available to co-workers, 3. Main Coworking Space, Furnished with Art, Couches, and More, 4. Full Kitchen Usable by Co-workers. (Source: Coworking, 2-6). Table 3: Aspect about the Spiral Muse (qualitative analysis):

Appropriate Aspects

Uncooperative Aspects

•

• This space is limited to 5 to 8 members

This coworking space has free Wi-Fi, a beautiful garden for coworkers, and

•

at once.

a kitchen attached to a coffee shop for

• It has strict close timing (at 5:45 pm).

relaxation.

• This space can only be used as a co-

This place offers the first 3 days free

working space for 2 days a week.

trial. •

The features like shared lunches, the bike tour has been provided in this coworking space.

5. CASE STUDY 5.1. Reason for Choosing Each Case Study of Coworking 1. The Executive Center, Singapore

The Executive Center in Singapore is a part of a well-established co-working network, so this case study will help to know about the worldwide connection of the coworking spaces.



Singapore is one of the leading countries that have a well-established remote working network for employees, so this will help to know the different aspects of how one can establish a good remote working network.

2. L’Atelier Vancouver, Canada

This is chosen because Canada is one of the leading countries, which is leading in having a good number of remote workers, so this will help to know the aspect of establishing a successful remote working network.



This case study is from another continent, which helps to know the worldwide situation of coworking, so from this, the futuristic approaches for the proposal will be known.

3. The Executive Center, Gurgaon

The location is in the CBD of the city and it is a branch of a big and established network of co-working spaces, so this can help to find a suitable location for the proposal.



The climatic factor (same climatic zone as the proposal) is another cause of choosing this.

4. Cowocoli, Jaipur

The location of this co-working space is near to the proposed location. This co-working space has different branches within the city (Jaipur) and across the country, so it can be used as an example as if the proposal can also be divided into several groups and locations.



The co-working spaces made in this city are neither so grand nor big nor too small, so this can be a suitable prototype case study for the proposal.

5.2. The Executive Centre (Ocean Financial Centre), In Singapore Location: Level 37 and 40, Ocean Financial Centre, 10 Collyer Quay, Raffles Place, Singapore. This place is 15 minutes from Changi international airport by car, 2 minutes from Raffles Place MRT station by walk, 3 minutes from the nearest bus stop by walk.

Figure 9: Location of the Executive Center at Singapore. (Source: Google map).

About the place: (Virtual Office, 1). 

This place has 24/7 access and security.



TEC (The Executive Centre) provides executive standard modular furniture with plentiful filing and storage.



The rental rates include air-condition, utilities, cleaning, and building management fees.



TEC provides complimentary freshly brewed gourmet coffee, tea selections, and water.



There are Meeting & video conferencing rooms all available for rent by the hour.



They also provide a one-month free trial.

Services provided by TEC (The Executive Center): (Virtual Office, 1). 

The meeting room is suitable for events such as breakfast seminars, training sessions, board meetings, sales presentations, urgent meetings, product training, and demonstrations, weekly or monthly reporting, and others.



The staff of TEC will take care of all administrative tasks from assistance with the planning to set up and catering requirements.



Video conferencing facility has high profile boardroom settings, Cost only a fraction of business travel expenses and it is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.



Manned Reception Meet & Greet Service Message Taking, Telephone Answering, Postal Services, Faxing Photocopying, English Assistance.



High-Speed Wireless Internet, In-house IT Support, On-call IT Support, Air conditioning, on-site car parking and café.

Figure 10: The existing network of the executive center (37-serviced office located in prime CBD locations across Asia). (Source: Kapur, 8).

Figure 11: Site surrounding of Executive Center, Singapore. (Source: Google earth).

Figure 12: Floor Plan of Ocean Financial Center at Level-37. (Source: mondestay.com).

Figure 13: Floor Plan of Ocean Financial Center at Level-40. (Source: mondestay.com).

Legend for Level-37:

Legend for Level-40:

1. Entry to the space

2. Shared working spaces

3. Single working spaces

4. Meeting rooms

5. Toilet

5. Board room

6. Lift lobby

6. Building services core

7. Breakout room

7. Toilet

8. Building services core

8. Double shared spaces 9. Breakout room 10. Lift lobby

Figure 14: The Executive center- 1. Meeting room, 2. Reception (entry), 3. Shared working space, 4. Breakout room. (Source: mondestay.com).

Table 4: Aspect about the executive center (qualitative analysis)

Appropriate Aspects

Uncooperative Aspects

•

This coworking space has a prime location in the city.

only 13 meeting rooms and 1 broad room

They allow using the address for post

are there.

and for different aspects (like it is your own office space). •

This is a huge space for coworking but

This

place

has

•

Services and planning is quite well but no appropriate space is mentioned for a

free

Wi-Fi, café,

particular

type

workers

(like

meeting rooms, alert security system,

entrepreneurs, remote workers, medium-

shared and non-shared spaces, on-site

size startup, etc.)

parking, AC, etc. •

They provide a one-month free trial.

•

They provide extra office staff (like PA, receptionist, IT support team, etc.) with charges.

5.3. L‟Atelier Vancouver Coworking, At Canada Location: 319 W Hastings St #400, Vancouver, BC V6B 1H6, Canada.

Figure 15: Location of L’Atelier Vancouver coworking, at Canada. (Source: Google map).

About the place: (Tiidii Living with Sabrina, 2020). 

This place is open from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm and Saturday & Sunday closed.



This space has comfortably designed furniture with proper lighting and a colorful interior to enhance the wellbeing and happiness of the workers.



Coffee shops and cafes surround this place. This space is located at a prime location- Gastown.



There are flexible timing also provided on request.



This place also provides spaces for community events in an open or closed environment with some specific charges.

Accessibility: This place is 8 minutes from the nearest subway station and 6 min from the nearest waterfront station by walk.

Figure 16: Accessibility to the L’Atelier coworking. (Source: ateliervancouver.com).

Figure 17: Site surrounding of L’Atelier coworking, Canada. (Source: Google earth).

Services provided L’Atelier Vancouver coworking: (L'Atelier Vancouver Coworking, 1 and 2). 

Meeting rooms shared and single-seating spaces, bar, reception/waiting area, conference room with a TV monitor, broadband fiber internet, Wi-Fi, air conditioning, kitchen with refrigerator, recreation room, 2 restrooms, cleaning service, freight elevator, subways and path close by, month-to-month leases, all utilities.



Dedicated desks and Hot desk (which gives some extra timing for work- 9 am to 9 pm) and there is a 24/7 working option is also available but on booking.



There are 10 hot desk, 10 dedicated desk and 2 meeting rooms (with the capacity of 5 and 10 people) and event space open and closed both.



Mailbox service is provided (with extra charges) in which a person will collect the parcel and notify you immediately.

Figure 18: Figure 17: L’Atelier Vancouver - 1. Shared working space with comfortable furniture, 2. Open meeting room, 3. Relax room, 4. Separate meeting room, 5. Hot desk for entrepreneurs, 6. Lounge, 7. Bar, 8. Dedicated desk, 9. Interactive space, 10. Community event space. (Source: ateliervancouver.com).

Table 5: Aspect about the L’Atelier Vancouver (qualitative analysis)

Appropriate Aspects

Uncooperative Aspects

•

This place is situated at a prime location of the city, which is accessible and surrounded by good

• •

The flexible timing is only provided on request and with extra charges.

commercial spaces.

•

This place does not provide trial working.

This space provides flexible desk (in timing)

•

The meeting rooms are combined with

facilities.

working spaces mostly and less number

The furniture and interior are designed thoughtfully

of separate meeting rooms are available.

to enhance the productivity and wellness of workers.

5.4. The Executive Centre (DLF Cyber City), At Gurgaon

Figure 19: Location of the Executive Center at Gurgaon. (Source: Google map).

About the place: (One Horizon Center, 4, 5 and 6).  This place is strict about timings- 8:30 am to 6:00 pm (from Monday to Friday), from 8:30 am to 1:00 pm on Saturday, and Sunday is off.  This place is about 11km from the Indira Gandhi international airport and 5 min walking distance from the nearest metro station, Bus stand, and nearest railway station.

 The amenities this place provides- members lounge, established internet, expert IT team support and infrastructure.  This place has excellent transport links connect DLF Cyber City to the rest of Delhi. For entertainment, the city‟s finest shopping centers, restaurants, and bars surround Cyber City. Service provided by this place: (Kapur, 10 and 11). 

Business Concierge- this space help to empowering the business to grow further and go beyond,



This place provides expert company set-up and gives operational support with expertly crafted IT solutions for business.



On-site administrative assistance and expertise for Seamless business transition.



Meeting & Conferences are there to elevating the meetings, conferences, presentations, and events, with Seamless connectivity.



High-performance audio / visual technology provided in the meeting rooms.



End-to-end on-site assistance and Custom layout and branding to suit any event.

Figure 20: The existing network of the executive center (37-serviced office located in prime CBD locations across Asia). (Source: Kapur, 8).

Figure 21: Site surrounding of the Executive center Gurgaon. (Source: Google map).

Figure 22: Floor Plan of Executive center at DLF cyber city Gurgaon (at Level-18). (Source: Kapur, 5).

Legend for Level-37: 1. Entry to the space 2. Toilet

5. Lift lobby 6. Breakout room

3. Shared working spaces

7. Meeting room

4. Single working spaces

8. Café+ seating with storage

Figure 23: Executive Center, Gurgaon- 1. Shared working space, 2. Meeting room, 3. Café area’s seating, 4. Reception (Entry). (Source: executivecentre.com).

Table 6: Aspect about the executive center (qualitative analysis)

Appropriate Aspects

Uncooperative Aspects

•

This place does not provide trial working.

•

There is less number of single working

This place is situated in the DLF city, which a business hub- so this is providing a well-established location

spaces.

for entrepreneurs and remote workers. •

This place has a generous number of meeting rooms and other amenities

•

The shared spaces are not divided into small portions.

(like-café seating and toilets).

5.5. Cowocoli, At Jaipur Location: 2nd Floor, C-25, Vaishali Marg, Block C, Vaishali Nagar Jaipur, Rajasthan 302021. (There are a total of 4 locations of Cowocoli in Jaipur- Vaishali Nagar, Tonk Road, Jagatpura, and Bais Godam). This place has easy access to public transportation.

Figure 24: Location of the Cowocoli at Jaipur. (Source: Google map).

About the place: (Coworker Workspace, 2). 

This place opens from 9:00 am to 9:00 pm, 7 days a week.



The location of this place in a commercial area that is a mixed land-use area that includes- residents, markets, hotels, school and etc. 38



This is a Fully Furnished Space built on Modern Culture on the Commercial Property on Main Road with Lift.



There are 39 branches of Cowocoli co-working space all over the Indian cities.



This place does not provide a free trial before getting the subscription; rather it wants a month deposit. The charges of this place vary by the size and tenure of the service agreement.

Services provided by Cowocoli: (Coworker Workspace, 2). 

Wi-Fi, Locker, Print/Scan/Copy, Tea/Coffee, 2 W Parking, 4 W Parking, White Board, Projector, Computer, AC, Security, Pantry, Reception, Lift.



All facilities including adequate security, electricity provision, Adequate Internet Service, Maintenance, Printing, Pantry Services, Adequate furniture, Air Conditioned, and all other housekeeping facilities as per requirement.



There is a conference room, Meeting Room, Private Cabins, Single Seat on a monthly, daily, and weekly basis.



Other facilities are- Industry Expert Training, Video Conferencing Meets, Legal Support, Casual Area, and Gaming on Weekend.



The workspaces can be customized to meet one's requirements both in terms of seating arrangement and to reflect your brand color and persona. Charges depend on the quantum of customizations needed, seating capacities, distancing norms and aesthetic value.

Figure 25: Cowocoli, Jaipur- 1. Shared working space, 2. Single seat working space without cabin, 3. Single seat working space with cabin, 4. Another arrangement of working space, 5. Common seating space, 6. Meeting room, 7. Open and with cabin single seated working desk, 8. Pantry area. (source: cowocoli.com). Table 7: Aspect about the cowocoli (qualitative analysis)

Appropriate Aspects

Uncooperative Aspects

•

This space has all types of seating arrangements that can also be customized.

•

The division of spaces done with partitions that gives a sense of openness and privacy

This place does not provide trial working, instead, one-month deposit is required before.

•

The location of this place is a commercial market but not in the main CBD of the city.

both, which is good for a co-working space.

Table 8: comparison between cases studies (quantitative analysis).

COMPARISON BETWEEN CASE STUDIES (QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS)-

Aspects / Place

1. Singapore

2. Canada

3. Gurgaon

4. Jaipur

* San Francisco

physical Aspect

Year

2010

2016

2011

2019

2005 (first )

Location

CBD

Commercial zone

CBD

Commercial zone

Total site area

2341.24 sq.m.

449.53 sq.m.

5048.07 sq.m.

501.05 sq.m.

5057.77 sq.m.

192.59 sq.m.

2490.60 sq.m.

344.38 sq.m.

High-rise

Mid-rise

High-rise

Mid-rise

3246.91 sq.m.

1728.67 sq.m.

1810.86 sq.m.

762.20 sq.m.

Area of the Builtup

Type of Building

Working space area

Common facilities area

Open-Built ratio

1:1

1:2.5

1:1

1:1.5

39 private rooms, Number of

140 shared

workspaces with

workspace,

area

14 private rooms. 20 workplaces at once

Maximum 30 seats 200 shared

at once

5 to 8 people

workspace.

7 double shared rooms.

Outdoor space

Collaborative public space

Yes

Facilities

Wi-Fi, furniture, Pantry, electricity,

Internet, furniture,

Included in

storage,

Furniture, internet,

coffee and pantry,

Internet, furniture,

subscription

administration

storage, Pantry.

storage, reception

pantry, utility.

support, shower facility, parking.

and waiting.

Garden, Wi-Fi, shared kitchen, furniture, lunch.

Not included in subscription

Postal address facility

Meeting rooms, postal service, IT support.

Yes

Telephone

Yes (but

answering

chargeable)

Timings

24/7

Meeting rooms, mailbox service,

Meeting rooms, IT

event space, 24/7

support.

access.

Yes

9 to 5 and Saturday, Sunday close.

Yes

Yes (but chargeable)

8:30 to 6, Sunday is closed and Saturday 8:30 am to 1 pm.

Professional- $450/ Cost analysis

Free trial available

SGD 1372/week or

month

$1010/week

Yes (one month)

Seating arrangement, meeting room.

Massage therapy, bike rides.

Yes

9 am to 9 pm- 7 days.

9 am to 5:45 pm on Monday and Tuesday.

350/day for single space

$ 250 to $ 500/

Freelancers- $295/

4017/month for

month.

month

shared space

Price on Request

No, but free visit is available.

Yes (3 days)

5.6. Other Requirements for the Proposal The common facilities of the co-working spaces: Co-working spaces worldwide has common facilities like

Shared and single working spaces (most of them are flexible in terms of arrangement of seating).



Printing, faxing, scanning, photocopying, telephone, high internet connection, pantry, parking and all other amenities, wellbeing of employees, comfortable furniture, reception [included in subscription].



Meeting and conference room, mailbox or postal service, IT support, extra team to support work, customization of spaces, and flexible timings [with extra charges].



The features like shared lunches; the bike tour has been seen disappearing in the contemporary coworking spaces.

Coworking spaces include any user like- freelancers, solopreneurs, entrepreneurs, remote workers, startup businesses, SMEs and virtually every other business model. Other than, these if the space needs to be specialized for some specific use then these spaces should include the different tools and arrangements. The different sectors chosen for proposal (Design, Call center, IT, Advocate, Teacher) needs different type of software and hardware and some tools, so a space that will have all the facilities together then remote working can be done for these fields. Here the different fields and there necessary tools are discussed to know the needs of the user groupwhich includes IT, Call center, Design (interior designer and architect, graphic designer, fashion designer), Teaching, and Advocate. IT sector: (Russell, 1 and 2). 

Computers



Specialized Computer Software



Electrical Testing Tools



Electrical Repair Tools

Call center: (Geraghty, 1 and 2). 

The basics: computer, headset and internet connection.



Browser-based call center software.



Automatic call distributer (ACD) software.



Customer relationship management (CRM) software. 44



Call recording and monitoring.



Comprehensive analytics.



Communication tools for long-distance collaboration.



Remote access software for IT monitoring.

Design (architect and interior designer): (Myers, 2). 

Drafting and rendering equipment.



Material reference library.

Design (graphic designer): (Cass, 2). 

Laptop and Creative Software, Hard Drive.



Sketch Pen, Brainstorm Board, Dry Erase Whiteboard Paint.



Smart Notebook, Studio Camera, Noise-Cancelling Earphones, Wide-Format Printer, High-End Smart Phone, Standing Desk, Graphics Tablet.

Design (fashion designer): (Enam, 3). 

Computer Assisted Design Tools (CAD), Sewing tools, Fabrics.



Draping and dressing tools, fabric-pressing tools, and pattern making tools.

Advocate and Teacher: 

They both will need a library and coworking & remote working tools.

6. SITE STUDY 6.1. Location of the Site for Coworking in Agra

Figure 26: Location of The coworking space in Agra. (Source: Agra Master Plan). .

Location: location of the site should be in commercial area or CBD, but this coworking space is slightly different from the typical coworking spaces as this is going to include different professions. Therefore, these are the reason for keeping this space in the CBD of the city. 

According to the case studies this location suitable the best for professionals.



The other needs of this coworking spaces for other professions like advocate and teachers – so the location of the Diwani of the Agra is 1.9 km. far from here and there are many coaching so both these people (belong to advocacy and teaching) will also get the feeling of working in the same kind of environment.



The building situated at this site has the least number of shops, which are being used. So this site is being less in use that is why this site is suitable to be restoration and useful for this proposal.

6.2. Site Surrounding

Figure 27: Plan of Sanjay place area and surroundings- with the location of site.

Figure 28: Proposed site (in hatch) and the existing building blocks.

Figure 29: Plan of the Sanjay place area and its surrounding buildings.

Figure 30: Plan of the Sanjay place area and its surrounding roads.

6.3. Site Connectivity

Figure 31: Major connectivity to the site. (Source: Google map).

The main transportation modes: [Note: The distances are given from site to each destination]. 1. The Sanjay place area From the nearest railway station-

2. Raja ki Mandi station- 1.45 km. 4. Idgah railway station- 3.9 km. 6. Agra fort railway station- 2.4 km.

From the nearest ISBT-

3. ISBT at Transport nagar- 5.04 km. 5. Bijili ghar bus stand- 2.8 km. 7. Idgah bus station- 5.7 km.

Distance from the NH19- 2.2 km. from proposed site. Metro line- There are 2 corridors (for metro line) are proposed red line in total, 8 underground & 6 elevated) and blue line

(14.25 km. and 14 stations

(15.40 km. and 15 stations in total all elevated).

(Agra Metro, 1 & 2). Nearest metro station- H- hari parvat metro station (approximately 500m away).

Figure 32: Intra city transportation modes.

6.4. Existing Condition of the Site 

The site is located in the shoe market zone of the Sanjay Place.



The shoe market was proposed to be shifted at sanjay place according to 2001 master plan, but anyhow it is still not shifted.



The property rate at this site is less than the whole sanjay place area (7 to 12.5 lakh/shop approximately).

Figure 33: The site with proposed block and existing buildings.

Figure 34: Existing site conditions-1.

Figure 34: Existing site conditions-2.

Site survey response: •

There are total six towers and 33 people in total own these towers.

•

94% - site is not being used for the purpose (shoe market)

•

88% - improper function on site is vertical placement of shops

•

66% - not possible to shift the whole market

•

38% - not well connected

•

25% - bad investment and 75% - not a bad investment (as a property)

•

43.7% - sell the property and 56.2% - denied and 84% of them (56.2%) said yes for having a new shop at this place.

15 owners said yes for new shop and 3 denied who owns 27 shops. Therefore, there needs to be 15 big shops, with 108 sq.m. area for each so in total 1620 sq.m. area. And 326.25 sq.m. area of shops in its original state.

Figure 36: Existing site towers with vertical cores.

Figure 37: tower that will be maintained on site.

6.5. Climatic Conditions

Figure 38: Sun-Path and Prevailing Winds on the site.

The different climatic factors: [Note: the climatic data is taken from .epw file of Agra by using software called Climate consultant].

Figure 39: Climatic Factors of Agra. (Source: Climate Consultant software).

Some points to remember from the climatic effect on macro level: 

Needs natural wind flow in warm months



Less rain fall



Extreme heat most of the year



Comfort zone- temp: 23.8˚C, relative humidity: 30%, air exchange: 12 cu.m.



Long and narrow floor plan to maximize ventilation



Well shaded courtyard and small fountains



Use of more vegetation (trees, shrubs) on west and south side

Table 9: climatic factor and their solution. (Source: Climate Consultant software).

Climatic factor

Value and effect

Solution

Average Temp.

33˚C

Earth shelter techniques and air conditioning needed

Average Humidity

66.6%

Cross ventilation

Diffused Radiation

155 Wh/sq.m

Avoid exposure to west and south side

Average Wind Speed

2.5 ms (SE to NW)

Tunnel effect

Sky Cover

49.2%

Cool Roofs, Light colour building material

Average Rainfall

60.4 mm

Flat roof

6.6. Socio-Economic Factor 

Socio-economically, this proposal will help in the economy growth of the city, as it will control the migration to some extend and provoke investors to invest in some project that will develop the infrastructure of the city.



This proposal will help in providing working staff opportunities for the nearby residential areas.



This proposal is helping into keeping the young professional in the city that will enhance the working opportunities for the labour class.



This proposal eventually going to help in avoiding the migration from other small towns of Agra to big metro city, as they will have the opportunities in Agra only- so this way it will divert the migrating population and benefit both the cities.



The site is surrounded by different commercial spaces, so it will provide a more conventional feel for co-workers.

6.7. Bylaws Bylaws of the ADA: (Source- Agra Development Authority, 2008). 

Set back- for area more than 500 sq.m. set back are like: Front- 6.0m. Back- 3.0m. Both side- 3.0m. 57



Height limit- Without stilt floor 10.5 m. and with stilt floor 12.5 m. For the building more than 12.5 m. the setbacks are different.

Table 10: The height and setback ratio table. (Source: Agra Development Authority, 2008).



Height (in m.)

Set back from all four sides

12.5-15

5.0

15-18

6.0

18-21

7.0

21-24

8.0

24-27

9.0

Therefore, from both the laws- the setback for the site will be 6.0 m. from all the sides and maximum height will be up to 18 m. (4 to 5 floors).



Ground Coverage- The ground coverage for this area is 40%.



F.A.R.- The F.A.R. is 1.5



Parking o

The required area for parking; in open- 23 sq.m. covered- 28 sq.m. basement- 32 sq.m. and mechanized parking- 16 sq.m.



For every 100 sq.m.- 1.5 ECS, which means for the total parking on site will be- 110 ECS.

From the given park and open spaces 5% can be used for making basement for parking.

Basement- for the plot area more than 2000 sq.m. and less than 10,000 sq.m.; 4 basements are allowed. The basement will be made with leaving the 6.0m. Distance from all four side.



Fire escape way- The fire escape stairs; width- not less than 1.2m. tread- not less than 28 mm. risernot more than 190mm. There will be maximum 16 steps in one flight, and the handrail will be at 1.0m. (maximum).



Ramp- The slope will be 1:10 usually but not less than 1:8 in any case.



Rainwater harvesting- for each plot of more than 300 sq.m. rain water harvesting on site in compulsory. [Note: Right now, the site is 38% covered and rest is open so the rainwater is going directly to the ground].

Some other norms from Neufert: (source: Baiche, 346). 

Ceiling height- for the floor area more than 250 sq.m. and up to 2000 sq.m. the ceiling height will be 3.25m. After that the ceiling height will be calculated according to air exchange per hour required and required day light.



Air exchange/ hour- 12 cu.m. for working zone and 15 cu.m. for gathering zones. For the smoke room (if needed) 34-51 cu.m. is required.



For the Day light- the depth of the room (D) should not be more than 1.5 times of the height of the lintel of window (Hw). (D= 1.5 Hw).

Renewable Energy: 

Solar power o

The site has very less number of trees and the height is going up to 24m. The buildings in the surrounding are also not so tall, which will block the light. Therefore, in this case the solar panels can be installed.

Other than solar panels, a waste management plant and water purification kit can be made on the site.

7. TYPOLOGY OF THE PROPOSAL This proposal is an office building which will having some commercial shops also. The office spaces for each sector will decide the functioning layout and designing parameters. However, before that the overall guild lines and norms for the structure and construction on site need to be known. This part of the research will include the different sections: Designing history about the office and coworking structures; Construction type (structure and material) about office and coworking buildings; Norms for office and coworking building; Parameters for design with respect to surrounding.

7.1. History of Office Spaces till Date The office space are developing and changing their form and shape with time. The office space was always there from the time civilizations are started but they are not recognized as particular word “office” because some archeologist says it libraries (where the documents are stored). In the middle age, the libraries were changed into typical chamber kind of place where the administration work is being done. th

From that time gradually such space are being evolved. In the 18 century, the first office building was th

built in Britain (in 1726) and then the office space was taking separate place for work. Then in the 19 and th

20 century the cubical planning were come to provide more privacy to the workers. And in the late 20

century (1960) Japan was came up with the „open floor‟ planning which eventually lead to a drastic change in office space (source: Baiche, 340 & 341). In the last 20 decades, 70% of the office spaces have changed their plans to open floor plan from cubical plan (Kohll, 1). Not only in planning but also in the environment the office space are changing- the lighting, ventilation and temperature and so on. Office is a place where a typical person spend almost one third of his life in order to achieve a good carrier (Kohll, 2). Industrial psychology‟s theories say that mental and physical fatigue work on same level. Therefore, it is important to serve the best design and environment for the workers to get the best results. Co-working space: The concept of coworking came in light in 2005 and from then it is growing continuously. The idea of coworking is go with the current demand- the generation (or people) want to work on their own terms and condition and coworking exactly do that.

The idea of putting the remote working and coworking together will provide more vibrancy and freedom in work for the people.

7.2. Design of the Typical Office and Coworking Spaces The coworking spaces are different from the conventional office system in terms of openness in environment and layout, and timings. This coworking space (which is combining with remote working) will be a balanced combination of both types of planning and designing details. Therefore, the norms followed for the typical office or working spaces will be used to provide comfort and satisfactory working environment to the employees. And for the employer the technical details (like internet connectivity) will be kept on the first most priority.

7.3. Norms for office and working spaces o

Floor area: (source: Baiche, 346)

Per person area for people space in office is about = 12-15 sq.m. for individual + allowance for immediate ancillary needs + a factor (usually 15%) for primary circulation. [Note- for grid module the area for individual is 8-10 sq.m.] Per person area for non-people space in office is about = existing good practice (measurement) or comparable example + a factor (usually 15%) for primary circulation. Table 11: The area for each space. (Source: Baiche, 346).

Space

Area (in meter)

Office employee

4.5

Secretary

6.7

Department manager

9.3

Director

13.4

Assistant vice president

18.5

Vice president

28.0

A typical coworking space provides spaces for individuals for their own part time office for a particular time. Like the L'Atelier Vancouver Coworking, Canada and Cowocoli, Jaipur provides on demand office spaces to entrepreneurs, in which the number of people and office rooms is asked. The Cowocoli corking space Jaipur also provides on demand interior for your office. This basically means that in case one want to have an office for 2 days or more for any client meeting or something than they can ask for temporary office with all features and even the interior will be done accordingly so that it will surely feel like your own office. Therefore, in all these case the areas given in table-1 will be useful. In addition, when this proposal will be made the spaces for different type of remote workers will be provided and table-1 area list will be helpful. o

Ceiling height: (source: Baiche, 343)

The ceiling height for office space should not be less than 2.75m in which 25cm can be used for fall ceiling and service fixtures. In any case, it should not go less than 2.50m. For the toilets, it can be 2.30m but there should be space for service fixtures above this clear height. o

Lighting provision: (source: Baiche, 141 & 149)

The minimum luminous flux for a workspace should be 200 lux. Table 12: The required luminous for each area in office. (Source: Baiche, 149).

Space

Office

Luminous (in lux)

with

workstation

window

near

300

For reading technical drawing

750

Conference room

300

Reception

100

Rooms for public use

200

Data processing

500

Ventilation guideline: (source: Baiche, 344 & 346)

The minimum air exchange required is 15 m3. The load and cost of the building 1.3 to 1.5 time increases when the mechanical ventilation is added so in order to avoid that the natural ventilation must be added. However, at the same time the protection from dust particles in the air must be provided. This is the reason why most of the office buildings are air conditioned so a passive cooling and heating technique can help to avoid both the problems. Agra has a composite climate so the passive technique like- earth air tunnel, solar chimney, evaporative cooling system can be used. Earth air tunnel: In this, the earth temperature is used to cool down the air and then it circulated inside the building. The main requirement is to have a straight tunnel, which is approximately 40m long so that air will travel below the ground, and then goes up and makes the interior cool.

Figure 40: Earth Air Tunnel.

Solar chimney: In this, a simple chimney made with dimensions like 450x450 or 600x600. The opening of the chimney is placed in the windward direction and all floors have opening for air to come in. It is actually a technique to increase the cross ventilation in a room. This chimney is painted black from inside to increase the effects. There can be cooling mats placed in the chimney to cool down the temperature of the air.

Figure 41: Solar chimney.

Evaporative cooling: This will help when the cross ventilation is high. The small fountains can be placed inside the building with keeping the cross ventilation at its high point. This will be suitable for canteen and common spaces in the proposal.

Figure 42: Evaporative cooling through a water body on the outside of the building.

o Interior of the space: (source: Morin, 2 to 5) The interior of the coworking space should increase the capabilities of the employees. The color theory for the office spaces affects the psychology of the people. So for the interior colors should be used wisely; the study says that different color indicate different qualities for the employees- the blue color is the most preferred one for the office spaces. Green can be used for creativity zone, Red reduces the analytical thinking, Orange stands for good values, Pink helps to calm down the aggression, White color increases boredom and should not be on every wall as most of the office spaces are painted white. So these guidelines should be used while designing these multidisciplinary coworking spaces.

Figure 43: Robert Plutchik's Wheel of Emotions. (Source: Morin, 2).

7.4. Structure Type and Materials Used For the Typical Office and Coworking Spaces The office spaces or buildings are usually made high-rise buildings in which some lower floor are shops and on upper floor are offices of different size. The most commonly used material for office structure is frame work with steel and concrete and the covering with glass- the reason is to provide more stability for the structure and lighting inside the building. Now there are different types of plans and concept for shapes to choose the most suitable one for the area the building is going to construct. The case studies done for coworking spaces says that all those spaces were made with similar guidelines- means the standard and typical type of office are made with. In the table- 13, the structural analysis is done for all the case studies together to get an idea that what are the typical parameters for coworking spaces. All these buildings (case studies) are made on different time and at different place so it will give an overall view of construction type for coworking spaces in the world. The next step will decide the guidelines for this proposal that will include the standard and case studies‟ guidelines. The materials and specific conditions (like- air purification, non-noisy indoor, standard temperature suitable for working, illumination and etc.) are depend upon the type of space (like meeting room or canteen or conference room and so on) and surrounding, so this will be discussed as a separate point with respect to the site.

The AQI (Air Quality Index) of Agra is- 147 (Sanjay Palace, Agra Air Pollution: Real-time Air Quality Index (AQI), 2020) so there is a need for air purification, now this can be done through AHU (Air Handling Unit). The appropriate AQI should be 50 (stands for good quality air) and more than 300 is hazardous. The AQI of Agra is measured 336 maximum, so it is definitely a need to have an air purifier for a healthy and good environment for working. The area required for plant which will serve up to 20000 air supply m3 per hours- 3.0 m width and 3.0m height (source: Baiche, 107).

The suitable temperature for the office environment is approximately 22˚C (Kuligowski, 3). And the site is near to the main road but the traffic condition around the site are not so congested so there will be no noise problem for the worker but the planning should be done with keeping this aspect in mind.

The most commonly used building material for commercial building in Agra (around the site) is RCC frame structures with stone cladding/ plastered façade/ glazing. The most of the government or semi government buildings are having stone cladding on façade and other private building or malls or shops are using glazing all over or floor to ceiling. Other than the surrounding, the coworking space and office buildings are also using almost the same construction method and techniques and such open kind of environment will help to have good day lighting inside the building so this construction type can be taken forward for this proposal. In addition, the glazed façade can be converted into solar panels so it will reduce the electric load of the building.

7.5. Parameters for designing with respect to surrounding Now this proposal is neither a conventional office space nor a typical coworking space; it is a combination of two different aspects, which is remote working, and coworking, which is eventually giving the essence of the conventional office spaces. The factors that will influence the site are included in the table- 14. The site does not have any special natural element in the surrounding that can be used as viewpoints from the inside of the building. However, there is a church on the east side and the view of the city from upper floors. So all these parameters are saying that a typical type of RCC frame work structure with having the entire basic requirement (like lighting, ventilation, space arrangements etc.) and with use of local materials and techniques, which will provide a coworking environment for remote workers of different sectors in Agra.

Table 13: Structural analysis of case studies (about structure and construction).

Structural analysis of case studies (about structure and construction)-

Aspects / Place

Singapore

Canada

Gurgaon

Jaipur

San Francisco

Combination of polygon and curve

Rectangular structure

Polygonal

Typical native façade (small carving details with plaster)

Planning Aspects

Building’s form

Curvilinear

Polygonal

Any typical architecture feature or style used?

Modern architecture

Exposed brick work on exterior and interior

Modern architecture

Post and lintel architecture (in RCC)

Basic materials used in structure

Steel- concrete frame structure with glass on facade

RCC frame work and cladding on facade

Steel- concrete frame structure with glass on facade

RCC frame work

RCC frame work with plaster

Illumination and Ventilation

Fully air conditioned and enough daylight

Prospect view

Not specified

Yes, to garden

Not specified

Yes, to garden

Flexibility in

Yes

planning Structural Aspects

Structural system

Frame structure

Number of floors used

Part of building or whole structure, is used as coworking

Part in a high rise building

Full structure

Part in a high rise building

Full structure

One floor in a multi storey building

High-rise or low rise

High-rise

Low-rise

High-rise

Low-rise

Material on external face

Glass

Cladding and plaster

Glass

Plaster

Any passive cooling technique used

Table 14: Factors that will influence the form, planning and structure of the proposal.

Factors

Site requirement

Factors

Site requirement

Structural system

Frame structure.

Number of floors

8 floors approximately.

Form of the building

Combination of curve and grid, the form will develop according to the site and climatic condition so it will be somewhere between organic form and grid structure.

Prospect view

No any special view in the surrounding. Other than this, the ordinary small gardens can be made inside the building for each floor/room/space, which will help to cool down the temperature of the building.

Elements included in the building

Commercial shops on the ground floor and office space on upper floors.

Any architecture style to follow

Modern style with contemporary touch of Agra’s typical architecture style (Mughal architecture).

Material

RCC frame work with solar panel cladding

Any passive cooling technique used

Yes, Solar energy and passive air-cooling techniques.

HVAC and AHU

Yes, but for some specific areas to reduce the loads.

Flexibility in planning

Yes, this will be provided.

8. TYPOLOGY OF THE PROPOSAL 8.1. Requirements

8.2. Space and equipment requirement chart

8.2. Proximity chart

8.4. Space’s Physical Characteristic and Area Statement Table 1 Table 15: Space's physical factors with required area (Source: Case studies, Baiche (Neufert) and Agra Development Authority, 2008).

Space

Suitable Location

Height of space

Nature of the Space

Access to the space

User

Connectivity to different spaces

Reception

At entry

Single/dou ble

public

direct

public

Waiting and specified space

Light and Ventilation

Required View

Lounge Natural (50%) Artificial (50%)

Waiting area

Near reception

single

public

direct

public

Shared coworking desk

On upper floors

For users only

Direct + limited

Each sector

To different labs and meeting and board rooms

Natural (70%)

single

For users only

limited

Each sector

To different labs and meeting and board rooms

Natural (70%)

Hot desks

Near shared working spaces

.for users only

Limited and specializ ed

Entrepren eurs

Reception, canteen, meeting room

Natural (70%)

Personaliz ed space on demand

Near the entry

Single

Different facilities

Artificial (30%)

Natural elements and small garden

Meeting rooms

Nears coworkin g zones

single

Users only

Limited and time punctual

All

Broad rooms

Nears coworkin g zones

single

Users only

Limited and time punctual

All

Small Broad rooms

Nears coworkin g zones

single

Users only

Limited and time punctual

All

Library

Toward NE side

single

Semipublic

Direct and public

Advocate, teachers and public

To teaching board rooms

Natural (70%) Artificial (30%)

Natural elements and garden

Canteen

Near working space

Double

Users only

Direct

All

All sectors

50% both

Garden

Material Lab

Nears coworkin g zones

Users only

Limited and time punctual

Fashion

Shared coworking & hot desk

Natural (50%)

single

Stitching lab

Nears coworkin g zones

Users only

Limited and time punctual

Fashion

Shared coworking & hot desk

Natural (30%)

single

Model making

Nears coworkin

single

Users only

Limited and time

Natural (30%) All sectors Artificial (70%)

Architect, interior

Artificial (50%)

Artificial (70%) Natural (30%)

Shared coworking & hot

Artificial (70%)

Natural elements

lab

g zones

Printing lab

Nears coworkin g zones

single

Common printing scanning facility

Nears coworkin g zones

single

Shops

Toward road

single

Toward road

single

Near road

Double

Stores

Gym

Crèche

Postal service zone

Nears coworkin g zones

punctual

single

desk

Ar. In. Fashion

Shared coworking & hot desk

Natural (20%)

Direct and public

Existing users

Shared coworking & hot desk

Natural (20%)

Direct and public

Existing users

Service lane

Direct and public

Existing users

Service lane

Semipublic

Limited and time punctual

All

Open lawn and road

SemiPublic

Limited and semipublic

Coworkers

Shared coworking & hot desk

Natural (70%)

Shared coworking & hot desk

Natural (50%)

Direct

Coworkers

Semipublic

Limited

SemiPublic

Public

Users only

Not require Artificial (80%)

Natural (50%) Artificial (50%)

Natural (70%) Artificial (30%)

All other stores and natural elements All other stores and natural elements

Natural elements

Garden Artificial (30%)

Not require Artificial (50%)

Plaza

Toward road

single

Data server room

Toward road

single

Restauran t

Near road

Double

Public toilet

Nears coworkin g zones

Parking

Nears coworkin g zones

single

Direct and public

Existing users

Direct and public

Existing users

Service lane

Semipublic

Limited and time punctual

Open lawn and road

Natural (70%)

All

SemiPublic

Limited and semipublic

Coworkers

Shared coworking & hot desk

Natural (70%)

Shared coworking & hot desk

Natural (50%)

Direct

Coworkers

Public

Users only

Natural (50%) Service lane Artificial (50%)

Natural (50%) Artificial (50%)

Artificial (30%)

All other stores and natural elements All other stores and natural elements

Natural elements

Garden Artificial (30%)

Not require Artificial (50%)

8.5. Desk Type Division In a co-working space, there are three types of desk that co-workers prefer on regular bases: Hot desk: the desk which provides all the facilities of co-working spaces along with a personal desk or seating table and chair, but these are not fixed for one person on daily bases. The people who are not regularly coming to coworking space prefer hot desks. These are cheapest among the all type of desk. Dedicated desk: these are similar to hot desk but they provide more privacy as these are fixed for one person. The people who want to work on regular bases prefer these. Personalized Desk or Personal office: these are a type of chamber, which works as an office space in a coworking space for entrepreneurs or small start-ups. The people who want to work for a longer period at that place (city) prefer these.

Figure 44: Division for type of desk. (Source: Census of India, 2011).

8.6. Area chart Table 16: Area chart (Source: Case studies, Baiche (Neufert) and Agra Development Authority, 2008).

Spaces

Area Admin block (225 sq.m.)

Reception & Waiting

25 sq.m.

Manager’s room-

15 sq.m. (15 sq.m./room)

Control room

20 sq.m. (10 sq.m./room)

Booking desk and policy explaining desk

20 sq.m.

1 Small board room or AV room or Meeting room

15 sq.m.

Record room

10 sq.m.

Storage

10 sq.m.

Staff room

100 sq.m.

Postal service zone

20 sq.m. Commercial block (1967 sq.m.)

15 Shop

1620 sq.m. (108 sq.m./shop)

Existing shops

327 sq.m.

Public facilities (Toilet)

20 sq.m. Co-working block (1350 sq.m.)

Dedicated desk (85 seats) • 25 single desk • 25 design table • 20 table with small storage • 15 table with cupboard storage

• • • •

37.5 sq.m. (1.5 sq.m./desk) 62.5 sq.m. (2.5 sq.m./table) 50 sq.m. (2.5 sq.m./table) 45 sq.m. (3 sq.m./table)

Hot desk (60 seats) • 15 single desk (flexible space) • 15 design table • 15 table with small storage

• • •

22.5 sq.m. (1.5 sq.m./desk) 37.5 sq.m. (2.5 sq.m./table) 37.5 sq.m. (2.5 sq.m./table)

Personalized space (55 seats) • 10x three people space • 5x five people space

• •

90 sq.m. (9 sq.m./space) 120 sq.m. (15 sq.m./space)

Small board rooms (15 in number) (15 seats)

67.8 sq.m. (4.5 sq.m./ space)

Library

50 sq.m.

Small studio

25 sq.m.

Studio cum Workshop space

•

50 sq.m. (25sq.m./space)

Meeting and Board rooms • 12x six people • 4x eight people • 4x twelve people

• • •

60 sq.m. (12 sq.m./room) 60 sq.m. (20 sq.m./room) 50 sq.m. (25 sq.m./room)

Canteen cum Food court

100 sq.m.

Open plaza

200 sq.m. (100 or 50 sq.m./space)

4xPrinting zone

40 sq.m. (10 sq.m./space)

4xData server room

40 sq.m. (10 sq.m./space)

4xPantry

60 sq.m. (15 sq.m./space) Parking (3660 sq.m.)

Parking (111 ECS in total) • 100 ECS- basement parking • 20 ECS- surface parking

3660 sq.m. • 3200 sq.m. • 460 sq.m.

Other facilities related to co-working (195 sq.m.) Creche

60 sq.m. (0.6 sq.m./child)

Gym

60 sq.m. (1 sq.m./person)

Laundry

45 sq.m.

Customized spaces

60 sq.m. (depends on the demand)

Event garden space

100 sq.m. (depends on the demand) Services (200 sq.m.)

All services Total area

200 sq.m. (8% of total area) 8550 sq.m.

8.7. Business Feasibility Model Table 17: Total number of occupancy according to case studies.

Case study

Area per seat

Gurgaon

11.6 sq.m./seat

Jaipur

16.7 sq.m./seat

Singapore

26.2 sq.m./seat

Canada

22.4 sq.m./seat

Average area for proposal Average area of Indian case studies- 14.15 sq.m./seat

Average area of Foreign case studies- 24.5 sq.m./seat

Average area for proposal

s m seat- 370 people

Project Cost Analysis: Total cost of the project- 8,07,97,200 (land value) + 32,41,60,477 (construction cost) = 40,49,57,677 INR Recovering period- 10 years 5,10,00,000 INR from shops (34,00,000 INR per shop) 13,26,30,000 left to recover from other facilities Total needed outcome—1,32,63,000 INR per year + 9,18.,150 INR (services) + 15,00,000 INR (profit) = 1,56,81,150 INR per year (13,06,762.5 INR per month).

Figure 45: Cost analysis for occupancy.

9. SCHENATIC DESIGN 9.1. Bubble Diagram

Figure 46: Bubble diagram- red lines are direct connection and blue lines are indirect connection.

9.2. Site zoning

Figure 47: Zoning according to Climatic Conditions.

Figure 48: Zoning according to Connectivity.

Figure 49: Final Zoning plan.

9.3. Concept

Figure 50: Concept.

Co-working is a space, which represents the concept of collaboration, symbiosis, co-existing of different activities and services. 

This co-working will be a collaboration of different sectors- collaboration of different ideas and innovations as people with different background will sit together so they can innovate new things.



Collaboration of spaces- people do not need to have new land to run a new business.



It will increase the interaction between people and between the societies.



Co-existence of productivity and flexibility for work environment and times.



Symbiotic development of social and economic status of the city- by keeping the youth in the city, it will eventually attract investors and helps in both type of development.



Collaboration of two different ideas- alternative for migration and development of small town.



Collaboration of human and nature, site with surrounding, form with site.



Collaboration of remote working and co-working to provide the feel of conventional working.

Therefore, this proposal includes the sense of collaboration in each zone, structure, service, activity and etc.

9.4. Form Evolution

Figure 51: Curvilinear form for flexibility and overlapping to get space that with collab with site.

Figure 52: The blocks have been placed according to zoning.

Figure 53: Final form.

First, (figure 50) two curvilinear blocks were taken and overlapped to show the flexibility and collaboration, which represent the concept- Conceptual form. Second, (figure 51) different blocks were placed according to zoning, a heavier block on south site and then terrace merging with the site- form acc. to zoning. Finally, (figure 52) both the forms were merged to and the final form is coming from the site merging the two blocks and then merging with the site again. Then according to the site requirement the form has been finalize geometrically.

Figure 54: transformation of conceptual form into final building.

9.5. Climate Responsive Features in the Building

Figure 55: Climate responsive features in the building.

10. PLANNING AND DESIGNING

Legend:

Figure 55: Connection between activities on all floors.

10.1. Floor Plans with Respective Views of Spaces

Figure 56: Site plan.

Figure 58: Ground floor plan.

Figure 59: View of Cafeteria on ground floor.

Figure 60: View of the entry plaza on ground floor for existing shops.

Figure 61: View of the building from Pedestrian entry side.

Figure 62: View of the Main entry into the Co-working.

@ 8:30 AM

@ 1:30 PM

@ 5:30 PM

Figure 63: Shadow Effects on the Whole Building through Out the Day (at 8:30 am, 1:30 pm, 5:30 pm)

Figure 64: First floor plan.

Figure 65:Workshop Space (Flexible in Use).

Figure 66: Mezzanine Floors In The Open Plaza.

Figure 67: View of Common seating space (with evaporative cooling feature).

Figure 68: View of the entertainment zone from the middle road.

Figure 69: View of middle road from the bridge.

Figure 68: Second floor plan.

Figure 71: View of the upper bridge with pergola shading.

@ 8:30 AM

@ 1:30 PM

@ 5:30 PM Figure 72: View of terraces with sun movement and shadow effects.

101

Figure 70: Third floor plan.

Figure 72: Terrace floor plan.

Figure 73: Basement floor plan.

10.2. Sections

Figure 74: Section- AA’ (through open plaza).

Figure 75: View of open plaza with Mezzanine Floor.

Figure 76: Section-BB’ (through connecting bridge).

Figure 79: Connecting Bridge from south side (Red sandstone jaali work).

10.3. Furniture Mood Board

Figure 80: Furniture and equipment mood board.

108

10.4. Elevations

Figure 79: Elevation view of the building from all four side.

111

11. DETAILS 11.1. Structural Details

Figure 82: Foundation of the site with existing building.

Figure 83: Slope foundation is used for the structure.

Sloped foundation: Depth- 1 m Width- 1 m Length- 1m 112

Figure 84: Column with Foundation.

Column Dimension: 0.45x0.45 m

Figure 85: Beams with column and foundation.

Beam Dimension: 0.45m Depth and 0.45 m Width

Figure 86: Terrace floors in the isometric view of structural grid.

113

Figure 87: Building with beam-column and floors.

Slab Dimension: 0.125 m thick RCC slab. 11.2. Beam-Column Plan

Figure 88: Column beam plan of basement floor.

114

Figure 89: Column beam plan of ground floor.

Figure 90: Column beam plan of first floor.

115

Figure 91: Column beam plan of second floor.

11.3. Furniture Details with Dimension

116

117

118

Figure 92: Dimension and Required number of each type of furniture.

119

120

12. BIBLIOGRAPHY Website “Coworking: Community Office Space for Writers and Programmers.” codinginparadise.org, N.D. codinginparadise.org/coworking/. Accessed 16 October, 2020. “L’Atelier Vancouver.” ateliervancouver.com, N.D. https://ateliervancouver.com/. Accessed 16 October, 2020. “L'Atelier Vancouver Coworking.” coworkbooking.com, N.D. https://www.coworkbooking.com/northamerica/canada/vancouver/l-atelier-vancouver-coworking. Accessed 16 October, 2020. “The Executive Centre - Ocean Financial Centre.” mondestay.com, N.D. https://www.mondestay.com/details/Serviced-Offices+The-Executive-Centre-Ocean-FinancialCentre.html. Accessed 16 October, 2020. “Virtual Office – work from home.” virtualoffice.servcorp.com, N.D. https://virtualoffice.servcorp.com.sg/?s_cid=PPC:SGGoogle:1619841821:91498197729:the%20executive %20centre&gclid=CjwKCAjwiaX8BRBZEiwAQQxGx_V1s0CwkLIpZCqMgneMO1VOnarkU_jRwiGLusQrb zB-yf-cbnWu%E2%80%A6. Accessed 16 October, 2020. “One Horizon Center.” executivecentre.com, N.D. https://www.executivecentre.com/officespace/gurgaon-one-horizon-center. Accessed 17 October, 2020. “Cowocoli Vaishali Nagar.” cowocoli.com, N.D. https://cowocoli.com/index.php/vaishali-nagar. Accessed 17 October, 2020. “Coworker Workspace.” coworker.com, N.D. https://www.coworker.com/india/jaipur/cowocoli. Accessed 17 October, 2020. “Agra Metro – Information, Route Map, Fares, Tenders & Updates.” themetrorailguy.com, N.D. https://themetrorailguy.com/agra-metro-information-map-updates/. Accessed 07 November, 2020. “Sanjay Palace, Agra Air Pollution: Real-time Air Quality Index (AQI).” aqicn.org, 29 November, 2020. https://aqicn.org/city/india/agra/sanjay-palace/. Accessed 29 November, 2020.

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Web (journal) Foertsch, Carsten. et. al. “The History Of Coworking In A Timeline.” Readers blog, 13 February, 2013. www.deskmag.com/en/the-history-of-coworking-spaces-in-a-timeline. Russell, Alejandro. “Computer Engineer Tools.”. N.D.. https://work.chron.com/computer-engineer-tools19092.html. Geraghty, Shauna. “11 Tools for Employing an At-Home Call Center Agents.” Readers blog, 6 August, 2015. https://www.talkdesk.com/blog/11-tools-for-employing-at-home-call-center-agents. Myers, J. E. “Equipment Used for Interior Designing.” 21 July, 2017. https://homesteady.com/13372957/basic-drafting-tools-their-uses. Cass, Jacob. “17 Essential Tools for Graphic Designers.” Readers blog, 7 January, 2020. https://justcreative.com/2020/01/07/graphic-designer-tools/. Enam, Jahanara. “Important Fashion Design Tools for Beginners.” Readers blog, 2017. https://fashion2apparel.blogspot.com/2017/10/important-fashion-design-tools.html#:~:text=Fashion art tools,Patterns%2C solids%2C specialty fabrics). Morin, Amy. “How To Use Color Psychology To Give Your Business An Edge.” Readers blog, 4 February, 2014. https://www.forbes.com/sites/amymorin/2014/02/04/how-to-use-color-psychology-to-giveyour-business-an-edge/?sh=796da830170a. Kohll, Alan. “How Your Office Space Impacts Employee Well-Being.” Web journal, 14 January, 2019. https://www.forbes.com/sites/alankohll/2019/01/24/. Kuligowski, Kiely. “How to Resolve the Office Temperature Debate.” Web journal, 24 January, 2020. https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/10964-office-temperaturedebate.html#:~:text=keep%20you%20comfortable.%22,What%20should%20the%20temperature%20be%3F,between%2068%20and%2076%20F. Chaturvedi, Hemendra. “Mega land allotment could turn Agra into a garment hub.” News article, 31 August, 2020. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mega-land-allotment-could-turn-agra-into-agarment-hub/story-SuEcHBFIo7o6acYIhOcLkI_amp.html.

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Presentation Pranata, Ferry. “The Executive Centre”. 13 October, 2010. https://www.slideshare.net/ferrypranata/theexecutive-centre. Slide 7,8. Kapur, R. J. “The Executive Centre- Gurgaon”. 20 June, 2012. https://www.slideshare.net/rjkapur/theexecutive-centre-gurgaon. Slide 5, 8, 10, 11.

E-Book and Pamphlet Baiche, Bousmaha et. al. Ernst and Peter Neufert: Architects’ Data. Blackwell Science, Third Edition.

Government and legal document Census of India: Economic Activity. Ministry of Home Affairs. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, 2011, Online Edition. Agra Development Authority. Agra Development Authority. Jaipur House, Agra, India, 2008.

Social Media L'Atelier Vancouver Coworking. Logo of L’Atelier Vancouver, Facebook, 2 February, 2016, 3:47, https://www.facebook.com/ateliervancouver/photos/1707317629505735. Tiidii Living with Sabrina. “BEST Coworking Space in Vancouver TOUR - L'Atelier Coworking”. 5 March, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtZQvcbUC24&feature=youtu.be.

Survey Author. “For knowing the situation of migration to Indian metros.” Questionnaire. 28 August, 2020. Author. “For knowing the existing condition of Site.” Questionnaire. 13, 14 and 16 February, 2021.

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Interview Mahajan, Jawahar. Personal Interview. 14 March, 2021. Show owners. Personal Interview. 16 March, 2021. Tomar, Kamal Singh. Personal Interview. 08 February, 2021.

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ANNEXURES-1

Figure 93: Respondent’s hometown

Respondent’s working city: Next is the city they are working in or they want to work: all the respondent have replied differently- most of them have said they are working in Delhi, Gurgaon, NOIDA, Ghaziabad, Faridabad- which is actually NCR because this survey was done intentionally in this region. However, some of them also said- Mumbai, Bangalore, Pune, Jaipur and Goa. Other than these some were working in their hometown also.

what is you occupation? 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 design inductry

IT sector

call center, BPO, KPO

medical

teacher

Figure 94: Occupation of the respondents

Lockdown and Work from Home:

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Figure 95: Work from home during lockdown

Figure 96: Experience of working from home

Figure 97: Opinion about remote working

Figure 98: Effect of lockdown

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Figure 99: Preference for working type

About city and metro city:

what are the facilities attract you for metro city?

high wages

better amenities

urban infrastructure

better lifestyle

other 0

Figure 100: Facilities attract people to metros

Figure 101: Reason of leaving their cities.

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Figure 102: Preference of picking remote working if wages and facilities are similar.

Figure 103: Expectations with remote working.

About your City:

Figure 104: Facilities people want in their city

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Office environment:

Figure 105: Expectations with office environment.

About remote working:

Figure 106: Remote working in an ideal condition

Figure 107: Remote working for future

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ANNEXURES- 2 Interview on site: •

The site was built in 1992 for shoe market.

•

Every shop is owned by individual and most of them are empty and some are on rent for different use.

•

There is less connectivity and that is why this area is not being used properly.

•

Government is working on development but nobody works properly.

•

For the question of selling the property or getting compensate in some way- they said it depends on the offer.

Interview with Shoe factory owner in Hing ki mandi: •

The shoe market is in hing ki mandi since it was started.

•

The government proposal was to shift the outlet to sanjay place and keep the factory to its location but it is not well connected to shift the goods easily.

•

The shoe market of Agra is more involve in export and these outlet at snajay place will not help to get the boost for business.

•

Most of the buyers or clients would like to see the factory.

•

The hing ki mandi is well connected to Agra cant, Lal kila railway station and Bijli ghar bus stand and so, this kind of connectivity is not available at sanjay place and also it is not possible to shift the whole market spreaded over ground to the towers.

All these facts say that the site is not being used for the purpose it was made for. Interview Response (On site interview with a group of people): 

Most of the shops are empty because there is no proper use of the property.



The rates are less than the whole market (30 to 50 lakh per line- one line include four vertical shops).



All the shops are sold to the private owners.



Owners have given it on rant and are being used for other purposes.



there are total 32 owners on the whole site- block no. 11 has 5, block no. 12 has 2, block no. 13 has 7, block no. 14 has 6, block no. 15 has 4 and block no. 16 has 8 owners.



The land comes under Nagar Nigam Agra.



One shop area is 12 sq.m. And there are total 290 shops- 3480 sq.m. area in total.



580 sq.m. per block so on an average, one owner owns 108 sq.m. 130

ANNEXURES- 3 1. Is this site feasible for the purpose you bought it or Is this place for shoe market is suitable for the purpose? Yes No

yes no

Figure 108: Site is feasible for the purpose. (Source: Survey).

2. What is the reason that this area is not as developed as the whole sanjay place areImproper connectivity Vertical towers are not suitable for the market It is not possible to shift the whole market from the old place to a new place 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Improper connectivity

Vertical towers are not suitable for the market

It is not possible to shift the whole market from the old place to a new place

Figure 109: Reason of no-development in this area. (Source: Survey).

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3. Would you leave this place because you feel this was a bad investment in term of business development? Yes No

Yes No

Figure 110: Business investment. (Source: Survey).

4. Would you sell this property? Yes No

Yes No

Figure 111: Sell the property. (Source: Survey).

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Co-Working: An Initiative to Decrease Metro City Migration.

Articles inside

FIGURE 6: TIMELINE OF COWORKING

FIGURE 3: THE PROPORTION OF MIGRANTS IN METRO CITY (DELHI

1.2. HOW A CO-WORKING SPACE CAN HELP?