MASTER’S PORTFOLIO (2018-20)
SHASHANK OSWAL
"Cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because, and only when, they are created by everybody." Jane Jacobs, Urbanist
SHASHANK OSWAL Architect/ Urban Designer
Preferred Specialization
References
Pune
Strategic Planning
Aneerudha Paul (KRVIA, Director) director@krvia.ac.in, +91 9820891736
shashankoswal15@gmail.com
Smart City
+91-9422007324
Urban Mobility Private Townships
Manoj Parmar (KRVIA, Dean) dean.march@krvia.ac.in, +91 9820011761
George Jacob (KRVIA,Faculty) george.jacob@krvia.ac.in, +91 9869033713
RESUME PERSONAL DETAILS
EDUCATIONAL DETAILS
NAME- Shashank Oswal D.O.B- 15th April, 1994
COLLEGE- Symbiosis College B.ARCH- Sinhgad College of Architecture, Pune. (2011-2016)
ADDRESS- D-501, Isha Emerald, Kondhwa- Bibwewadi rd. Pune-411037.
INTERNSHIP- Vishwas Kulkarni Architects.
NATIONALITY- Indian. COA Reg. No.- CA/2017/83928
Jr.Architect- Vilwas Tarwadi Architects (July- Dec16) Sparc Design (January- December 17)
EXCHANGE PROGRAMS & WORKSHOPS
M.ARCH- Kamla Raheja Vidyanidhi Institute for Architecture and Environmental Studies. Mumbai (2018-2020)
SPA Delhi, SPA Bhopal, NTNU Norway Local Area Planning within 4 sites of Bhopal BREUCOM University of Pennsylvania
LANGUAGES KNOWN
Aga Khan Trust for Culture
OTHER SKILLS
SOFTWARE SKILLS
Active Listening, Teamwork, Communication, Model Making, Photography, Graphic Design.
85%
AUTOCAD
80%
REVIT
80%
SKETCHUP
English, Hindi, Marathi, Marwadi
70%
VRAY
90%
LUMION
85%
COREL DRAW
80%
PHOTOSHOP
70%
65%
QGIS
OFFICE
INDEX 1
THESIS- Child Friendly City, MUMBAI. Thesis Guide- George Jacob
2
SEM III- Resilience Studio, MUMBAI. Understanding ecology, informality, community I Gazdhar bandh slums Faculties- Aneerudha Paul, Manoj Parmar, Jasmine Saluja, Aditiya Sawant, Shweta Wagh, Vikram Pawar.
3
SEM II- Housing Studio, HYDERABAD. Faculties- Aneerudha Paul, Manoj Parmar, Kamalika Bose, Sanhaya Vandrewala, Kamalika Bose, Jimmy Bhiwandiwala.
4
SEM I- Unpacking Ecology, MUMBAI. Development along the National Park. Faculties- Rohan Shivkumar, Aditiya Sawant, Ritu Mohanty, Sanhaya Vandrewala.
Urban Design Thesis Child friendly safe cities| K.R.V.I.A | Sem IV | July 2020 INTRODUCTION
ORIGIN
“
“
If we can build a successful city for CHILDREN, we will have a successful city for all PEOPLE. Enrique Peñalosa, Mayor of Bogotá, Columbia (1998- 2001, 2016-present), specialist on urban and transportation policy. Urban safety is an important aspect that is “Perceived” by an individual and an important parameter which is to be consider within planning. From a planners point of view, walking paths and sidewalks are the most signicant components of urban public spaces, so systematic and organic characteristics of hierarchy in accessing them, the type of design, lights, spatial layout, etc. may play a very effective role in the sense of safety. URBAN SAFETY
ENVIRONMENT SAFETY
CLASSIFICATION OF SAFETY:
ASPECTS GOVERNING URBAN SAFETY
PUBLIC SAFETY
SAFETY SITUATIONS LIKE :
URBAN SAFETY
OBJECTIVE
INTENTIONAL ACTIVITY- ASSAULT RANDOM ORIGIN- CAR ACCIDENT
SAFETY WHOSE QUALITY CAN BE EVALUATED. eg CRIME RECORDS
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS
SPATIAL DIMENSION
SAFETY
PHYSICAL ASPECTS
IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT
BUSY CROSSROAD, NIGHTCLUB ETC.
SUBJECTIVE
PRIVACY
LIGHTING
OWNERSHIP OF THE SPACE
FORM & USE OF THE SPACE
PERCEPTIBLE, IT IS UNIQUE FOR EVERY PERSON.
TIME DIMENSION MORNING TRAFFIC JAM ETC.
IDENTITY OF SPACE
ROAD SYSTEM FOR PEDESTRIAN SAFETY
FOR CHILDREN physical + social aspects tend to govern the psychological aspect as the factor of safety narrow’s down to the factor of fear developed due to the urban environment around their neighborhood.
LOCATING ENTRY & EXIT OF BUILDING
Safety in urban environment FOR CHILDREN places a signicant role in spatial dimension as they perceive the spaces differently and which may vary from each child along with gender
EVERYDAY SAFETY
SPASMODIC SAFETY
THEORETICAL APPROACH : URBAN SAFETY
ABRAHAM MASLOW’S - HIERARCHY OF NEEDS Self Actualization Self Esteem
INTENT:
Love and Belonging
This thesis intents to ensure the factor of urban safety within PUBLIC SPACES FOR CHILDREN through an urban design toolkit, which would lead to development of “Safety” as one of the most important aspect of spatial quality for children’s life in urban areas.
EYES UPON THE STREET
LEGIBILITY
PERMIABLITY
DEFENSIBLE SPACE + C.P.T.E.D
JANE JACOBS
KEVIN LYNCH
KEVIN LYNCH
OSCAR NEWMAN & C.JEFFEREY
Safety and Security Basic Physiological
PUBLIC SURVEILLANCE
Ÿ To develop urban policies which are inclusive of
children within the planning paradigm.
Elderly
Disabled
particular area unsafe due to build environment and due to children perception.
Female
Ÿ To study the vulnerable areas which make that
Adult
USER GROUP
Youth
urban environment.
COMPONENTS OF EYES UPON THE STREET
Child
Ÿ To identify the lack of safety for children within the
PHYSICAL FORM
NATURAL SURVEILLANCE VISUAL
HUMAN NEEDS
OBJECTIVES:
ACTIVE STREETS
LEGIBILITY PERMIABLITY ACTIVITY PATTERNS PHYSICAL
CLEAR DEMARCATION BETWEEN PUBLIC & PRIVATE SPACE
IMAGE
COMPONENT FOR SAFE NEIGHBORHOOD + SENSE OF OWNERSHIP
TERRITORIALITY JANE JACOBS - SURVEILLANCE - SAFETY FOR GENERAL PUBLIC + WOMEN Ÿ OSCAR NEWMAN - TERRITORIALITY - SAFETY FOR GENERAL PUBLIC Ÿ C. JEFFERY - C.P.T.E.D - SAFETY FOR GENERAL PUBLIC Ÿ KEVIN LYNCH - Growing up in Cities (1977) Talks about that children and youth should not only One to One Focus group interviews have the opportunity to express their ideas but also discussion become engaged in articulating and implementing Mapping actions which should contribute to substantial of roaming Community changes in their perceptions, use and connection range Survey with their local environment. Ÿ
STREET SAFETY
BUILDING CHARACTER + ENCLOSURE TO PUBLIC SPACES
VISUAL CONNECTIVITY + ACCESSIBILITY
SAFE NEIGHBORHOOD + SENSE OF OWNERSHIP
NATURAL ACCESS
METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK:
As urban areas poses danger to children in form of decreasing open areas, increase in trafď€ c density and safety problems due to rapid and disordered housing and unplanned urban areas. The study would develop towards analysing the social and the psychological aspects of children behaviour residing within informal settlement and how their public spaces are governed by the physical a s p e c t s w i t h i n a neighbourhood precinct.
PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS URBAN FORM
OPEN SPACE
PHYSICAL FACTORS CONCERNING CHILDREN SAFETY: URBAN FORM Built environment which renders the space unsafe
LEGIBILITY
PERMEABILITY
TERRITORIALITY
SURVIELLANCE
OPEN SPACES Accessible open space within the built fabric
MOVEMENT AND MOBILITY NETWORK Having clear and safe walkway
ACTIVE AND INACTIVE ZONES Designated spaces for children to play
SOCIAL FACTORS CONCERNING CHILDREN SAFETY:
INACTIVE & ACTIVE ZONE
MOVEMENT & MOBILITY NETWORK
As perception of safety is quite subjective and it varies from each individual of different gender and of diverse age groups within the society like children who are generally neglected within planning of our cities. Children are often placed in the most disadvantaged positions, as the built environment of a city are constructed by adults for their own use, to respond to their daily needs. USER GROUP
PHYSICAL SOCIAL
URBAN FORM ANALYSIS
OPEN SPACES
MOVEMENT AND MOBILITY
INACTIVE AND ACTIVE ZONES
SURVEILLANCE
TERRITORIALITY
PERMEABILITY
LEGIBILITY
CHILDREN (0-18 AGE)
TRAFFIC MOBILITY
CONCERNS
ADULTS (19-59 AGE)
LIVING CONDITIONS
SENIOR CITIZENS (60+ AGE)
SURVIELLANCE Built environment which renders the space unsafe
Accessible open space within the built fabric
URBAN SAFETY
TERRITORIALITY
CRIME
FOR
WHERE
FROM
The aspect of Safety varies from each individual as per user and their age groups
The perception of safety also depends upon the physical aspects governing the space to be unsafe
There are various factors governing safety, while certain user group are completely susceptible to these factors making them vulnerable
PERMEABILITY Having clear and safe walkway INDIVIDUAL HOUSING SCHEME
LEGIBILITY Designated spaces for children to play which have clear edge conditions
INFORMAL SETTLEMENT TOWN PLANNING SCHEME
GATED COMMUNITY
RESIDENTIAL ZONE
CHILD FRIENDLY CITY WHO ARE CHILDREN ?
CHILDREN OF VARIOUS AGE GROUP’s AND THEIR ACTIVITIES
The United Nations Convention on Rights of Children, however, denes a child as “every human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier.”
AREA
The Government of India’s National Policy for Children (2013) recognizes every person below the age of 18 years as a child. A child domiciled in India attains majority at the age of 18 years though various legal provisions address children with differing denitions .
STREET
0-2 AGE
3-6 AGE
7-12 AGE
13-18 AGE
LEARNING TO WALK
ASSISTED CROSSING AND PLAY
ASSISTED PLAY WITH FRIENDS
STREET CROSSING
NURSERY OR BAL VADI
ASSISTED PLAY
PLAY GROUND
PLAY GROUND AND DOMINANCE
ASSISTED TRAVELLING
ASSISTED TRAVELLING
ASSISTED OR SELF TRAVELLING
SELF TRAVELLING
NEIGHBORHOOD
CHILDREN (0-18 AGE)
ADULTS (19-59 AGE)
SR. CITIZEN (60+ AGE)
CITY
ACCESS TO NATURE
SOCIAL CONNECT
PLAYABILITY
WHAT IS A CHILD FRIENDLY CITY? Internationally, there is a trend towards child-friendly cities. Many local initiatives, activist groups, stakeholders, and global institutions such as UN Habitat are advocating for a more child-focused planning approach.
ACTIVE MOBILTIY
SENSE OF OWNERSHIP
AGENCY AND DECISION- MAKING
https://www.citiesforplay.com/child-friendly-neighbourhoods
CITIES DESIGNED FOR CHILDREN SHOULD ENCOURAGE THEM TO FREELY EXPLORE AND PLAY THROUGHOUT THE PUBLIC REALM AND FEEL A SENSE OF BELONGING.
A truly child-friendly city should consider the entire urban fabric as a canvas for providing opportunities for children’s play and independent active transport. For this to occur, a series of walkable child-centric networks should be overlaid onto the urban fabric, creating incidental opportunities for exploration, play and social exchange. PLAYGROUND
WHY FOCUS ON CHILDREN ? HOME
The urban paradox reminds us that cities are not always benecial for all. Children are often placed in the most disadvantaged positions, as the built environments of a city are constructed by adults for their own use, to respond CHILDREN RIGHTS to their daily needs.
PUBLIC REALM
HOME
SCHOOL
VEHICULAR CENTRIC PLANNING
Survival and Development Rights
EN TIO
LA
FOCUSING ON BENEFITS OF CHILDREN
HOME
N
N
IO AT
UL
OP T P
OF UNSAFE PARK AREA
PU PO
OF UNSAFE MEANS OF TRANSPORT
UL
Children have the same human rights as adults, but they often need special care and protection that differs from adults.
R ILD
OF CRIME
AD
Participation Rights
ORGANIZED SPORTS
CH
THEIR FEAR : Protection Rights
SCHOOL
HEALTH
SAFETY
CITIZENSHIP
ENVIRONMENT
PROSPERITY MOVEMENT OF CHILDREN NETWORK https://www.citiesforplay.com/portfoliowhere-do-the-children-play
SCHOOL
SITE SELECTION CRITERIA CRIME RECORD :
DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF CHILDREN
WARD LEVEL STUDY.
RECORD FOR CRIME AGAINST CHILDREN : WHY CHILDREN ? India is highest with 472 million children (0–18 years) comprising 39 per cent of the country’s total population, out of which 247.5 million (52.4 per cent) are male and 224.6 million (47.6 per cent) are female.
CRIME RATE IN INDIA : As per ncrb’s 2017 report Maharashtra ranks third after Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh in highest number of crime against children.
31 = 30,000
8,07,720 TOTAL
ENCROACHED GARDEN
35% DELHI
TABLE SHOWING HIGHEST NUMBER OFCRIME AGAINST CHILDREN (IPC + SLL) STATE AND UT - 2015-2017
ENCROACHED PLAYGROUNDS
2
GARDERN
29.2 %
0- 5 Year
OPEN SPACE:
POPULATION:
2,049,043 sq. m
2
33 PLAYGROUNDS
25
RECREATION GROUND
6 ENCROACHED RECREATION GROUND
21.1 %
6- 9 Year
28.4 %
10- 14 Year
City
21.4 %
15- 18 Year
61% ADULTS
TOTAL POPULATION
39% CHILDREN (0-18 YEARS)
27.2% CHILDREN LIVE IN URBAN AREA.
18.7% CHILDREN LIVE IN SLUMS. (0-6 YEARS)
2015
Madhya Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Maharashtra Delhi UT
2016
12859 11420 13921 9489
13746 16079 14559 8178
2017
Percentage City Share to Total 2017
19038 19145 16918 7852
Mid-Year Projected Children Population (In Lakhs) (2014)+
14.8 14.8 13.1 6.1
300.8 885.8 378.5 56
DENSITY:
Rate of Total Crime against Children (2017)
: = 1955
25,423 PERSONS/ SQ.KM
19.4 % MUMBAI
SITE LEVEL STUDY.
TABLE SHOWING HIGHEST NUMBER OFCRIME AGAINST CHILDREN (IPC + SLL) IN METROPOLITIAN CITIES - 2015-2017
Ÿ The lack of data on children in other age groups up to18 years of age
living in slums is a major limitation of this study. WHY SLUMS ? As per Census 2011, 18.7 per cent of total urban children in the 0–6 years age group reside in slums. These children are the hardest hit by the urban living conditions. Children living in urban poor communities are exposed to heightened risk as they have to walk through insecure areas to reach school.
City
2015
2016
2017
Delhi Mumbai (Maharashtra) Bengaluru (Karnataka) Pune (Maharashtra)
8035
7392
6844
Percentage City Share to Total 2017 35
3187
3400
3790
19.4
1086
1333
1582
8.1
1095
1180
1335
6.8
8.1 % BENGALURU
WHY MUMBAI (M.E WARD) ? As per Census 2011, Mumbai is home for 41.3% of slum dwellers that live in the city. The highest number of children reside in M.E ward. TABLE SHOWING HIGHEST NUMBER OF CHILDREN POPULATION IN MUMBAI District / Section Name SION DADAR SEWRI BYCULLA WORLI
Ward name & Total / Total population in 0-6 age group District / Section Rural /Urban Persons Males Females F-N : 32 G-N: 33 F-S :29 E :27 G-S :36
U U U U U
50,212 47,050 16,244 15,177 11,401
26,152 24,425 8,701 8,009 6,009
24,060 22,625 7,543 7,168 5,392
Sex ratio for 0-6 age group 920 926 867 895 897
TABLE SHOWING HIGHEST NUMBER OF CHILDREN POPULATION IN MUMBAI SUBURBS
Ÿ As per Census 2011 Maharashtra houses the highest number
children living in slum areas with putting Mumbai on the top of list.
CHUNA BHATI & MANKHURD BAZAR, CHURCH HALL, NAGPADA & SEVEN VILLAGES. BHANDUP KURAD, DINDOSHI, CHINCHOLI & VADHWAN. CHEMBUR
:
(50,531)
(0-6 YEARS)
Ÿ The Census of India only enumerates the population of children in
the age group of 0–6 years living in slums.
(54,850)
(0-6 YEARS)
63.3 21.6 44.7 140.2
CRIME RATE IN METROPOLITAN CITY : Mumbai stand second after Delhi in crime against children. In metropolitan city followed by Bengaluru and Pune as per Ncrb’s report.
CHILDREN:
M-E :80
U
105,381
54,850
50,531
921
L :78
U
68,658
35,977
32,681
908
S :85
U
53,086
27,854
25,232
906
P-N :64
U
42,574
22,448
20,126
897
M-W :79
U
41,681
21,861
19,820
907
1,05,381 TOTAL
SITE ANALYSIS CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS TERMINOLOGY
DEFINATION
SURVEILLANCE
Children generally tend to feel much safe and secured when they familiar people around who keep a eye on them. This type of surveillance is known as natural/ public surveillance.
TERRITORIALITY
MOBILITY URBAN FORM ANALYSIS
OPEN SPACES
NETWORK
ACTIVITY ZONES
Maximum on street opening of windows
Cluster plan with inward looking open space
Common road for children with housing facing street provides more eyes
High activity nodes tends to gather more people which is not preferred by children.
Limited access to the surrounding urban environment reduces their reach.
Access to the surrounding urban environment enhances their movement.
Safe movement along the main street for children helps in traveling alone within the precinct
Active nodes within the area leads to formation of safe environment for children
The territoriality of children is directly linked with their public spaces of interaction, tends to set their territory.
50 M 100 M
200 M 500 M 750 M
PERMEABILITY
50 M
PERMEABILITY for children can be achieved by providing interactive spaces. Lack of permeability may lead to decline of curiosity and dead end routes which may cause bewilderment
100 M
CHILDREN MOVEMENT AND RANGE
200 M 500 M 750 M
Permeability within built form allows children to interact with the built form.
LEGIBILITY
Permeability within built form allows children to interact with the built form.
Permeability from the primary network to secondary leads to formation of inactive spaces.
Formation of inactive spaces lead to anti-social activities which inuence children.
Edge condition of open spaces doesn’t favor children activties.
No distinct character to built form and narrow lanes turn into dumping yard.
Narrow lanes create enclosure and also fear among children.
OPEN SPACE
LEGIBILITY is how children interact with both physical form and their activity. With high enclosure, no clear node and path develops fear within children cause the space to be unsafe for them.
No clear roadway and blurred edges due to onstreet parking
MAPPING OF SAFE AND UNSAFE AREAS CHOSEN BY CHILDREN SURVEILLANCE
TERRITORIALITY
PERMEABILITY
LEGIBILITY
ROUTE TAKEN BY CHILDREN TO SCHOOL
HOME
CHILDREN PREFERRED OPEN SPACE HIGHLY UNSAFE ASSEMBELING FOR SCHOOL
WALKING TOWARDS TO SCHOOL
DENSITY
JUNCTION CROSSING OPEN SPACE
UNSAFE
WELL
NALLAH CROSSING
SAFE URBAN FORM
OPEN SPACE
NETWORK ACTIVE & INACTIVE ZONES
SCHOOL
PREFERABLE SPOT FOR CHILDREN (AGE OF 5-17 YEAR)
STRUCTURE PLAN
SITE ISSUES BROADER URBAN ISSUES FACED BY CHILDREN ON SITE CHILDREN
NETWORK
!!!
Drunk Alcoholics
Dark & Narrow back alleys
Open deep nallahs
Lack of open spaces
Uninhabited building
Unsafe road trafc accidents
RESTRENGTHENING the edge condition of the road with road infrastructure like designated space for informal vendors and on street parking and proposal of SHARED STREET for street play within neighborhood streets.
REDEVELOPMENT of informal settlement under PPP for a safe environment for children and provision of social amenities within walkable distance.
Fear of ghosts
PARENTS Road accidents
Eve teasing
Drunk Alcoholics
Gambling
Drug peddling
Kidnapping
OPEN SPACES DEFUNCT LAND
INACTIVE SPACES
URBAN FORM
EDGE CONDITION RESTRUCTURING of the junction with trafc calming measures due to heavy movement of trucks and to provide FOOT-OVER BRIDGE safe crossing over railway lines
RESTRUCTURING the edge condition of nallah by evacuation of informal settlement and creating a buffer zone which would be used as OPEN SPACE and RETENTION PONDS for children, as per the width of the nallah.
REDEVELOPEMENT for SRA scheme by declaring it as a CESS building under a new categorary of UNFIT for LIVING due to HEALTH AND HYGINE issues and also for enhancing the visual linkage and creating a safe environment .
GUIDELINES FOR INTERVENTIONS
CHILDREN BASE ISSUE’S
SOCIAL ASPECTS
PHYSICAL ASPECTS
NARROW DARK ALLEYS
SURVEILLANCE
URBAN FORM
Improper S.R.A scheme planning affecting privacy and surveillance
STREET BASED GUIDELINES
URBAN FORM BASED GUIDELINES 27 M
27 M WIDE ROAD
AMENITIES WITHIN THE BUILT FORM
IAL
T
N IDE
OPEN SPACE BASED GUIDELINES
RES 5 FLOORS
LACK OF ACCESSIBLE OPEN SPACE TERRITORIALITY
OPEN SPACE
UNSAFE VEHICULAR TRAFFIC
OPEN DEEP NALLAH
5 FLOORS
P
AY
L
AY
PL
RES
AY
IR
MOVEMENT AND MOBILITY NETWORK
Inadequate street width to integrate road infrastructure
18 M WIDE ROAD
RC
RES
AY
PL
L
PL
7 FLOORS
NTIA
L
IDE
AY
RES
PL P
Restructuring the built fabric of SRA scheme for eye on street and open spaces
Providing accessible and permeable open spaces
Design & maintenance of open spaces for various age group.
Rerouting & distribution of vehicular through design of street hierarchy
Design of safe street for pedestrian and cycling path
Change in landuse plan to ensure mix form of development
12 M WIDE ROAD
AY
PL
5 FLOORS 7 FLOORS
Development of street to support street activities and ensure safe movement for children
AY
PL
CO
AMENITIES WITH CLEAR CONNECTIVITY & WITHIN WALKABLE DISTANCE
12 M
Development of more active node within the full precinct.
N
TIO
CA
Restructuring of roads to accommodate road infrastructure.
MU
0.5 SQ.M PER PERSON
EDGE CONDITION OF OPEN SPACES
0M
AY
PL
N
TIO
CA
EDU
P
9 M WIDE ROAD
9M
x
P
ENSURING SENSE OF SAFETY
3 SQ.M PER PERSON
AS PER ON SITE PROVIDED:
50
M CO
Y LA
SAFE MOBILITY
AS PER NBC:
10 - 12 SQ.M PER PERSON
TRE
EN
YC
NIT
P
7 FLOORS
ACCESS TO OPEN SPACES
AS PER UDPFI:
AY
PL
Y LA
CORNER BUILDING CONDITION
ACCESS TO AMENITIES
AL
CI
ER
M
M
EDU
Designing of social amenities within walkable distance
NTIA
IDE
RES
AY
P
FEAR OF GHOSTS
OPEN SPACE REQUIREMENT
L
TIA
EN
AY
PL
Inactive back alleys
L
NTIA
IDE
RES
P
ID RES
AY
5 FLOORS
ACTIVE AND INACTIVE ZONES
N
MIXED FORM OF DEVELOPMENT
L
TIA
PL
LEGIBILITY
Y LA
IO
AT
UL
IO
N
CI
18 M
5 FLOORS
UL
AT
PL
N IDE
PL
C
AY
PL
P
DRUNKARDS
UNINHABITED BUILDING
NTIA
IDE
PL
AY
C
P
PERMEABILITY
TIA
L
AY
Y LA
P
EN
Y LA
PL
7 FLOORS
HIERARCHY & CONNECTIVITY OF OPEN SPACE
SID
AY
PL
AY
PL
5 FLOORS
Inaccessible & Ill-maintanied open spaces
RE
2x
EDGE CONDITION OF NALLAH
INTERVENTIONS STREET BASED INTERVENTIONS
TYPES AND AREA OF INTERVENTION 1
Providing buffer zone to maintain the edge condition of the nallah. 1)Cleaning of nallah. 2)Evacuation of informal settlement
2
Provision of street infrastructure & designing of widen road to ensure safe mobility and street play for children.
3
Restructuring of commercial street to ensure street acitvities & natural surveillance.
4
Proposed area for Rehab and Resettlement scheme for evacuated infromal settlement.
5
Redevelopment of SRA scheme with proper visibility, light and ventilation.
S.B-1.1) SAFE STREET MOVEMENT AND CROSSING FOR CHILDREN Proposed street layout within existing fabric for safe pedestrian and children movement within the area.
RESTRUCTURING
4
REDEVELOPMENT
FORM BASED INTERVENTIONS F.B-1.1) DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCIAL AREA FOR PERMEABILITY FORMATION OF ACTIVE SPACES.
1 5
2
RESETTELEMENT
3
RESTRENGTHENING
OPEN SPACE BASED INTERVENTIONS
Proposed new urban form
Shared street
Street play
Proposed new junction crossing
EXISTING CONDITION
O.S-1.1) EDGE ALONG THE NALLAH
EXISTING CONDITION
EXISTING CONDITION
OPEN SPACE
Section showing informal settlement upto the edge of the nallah with garbage dumping and hard edge with no porosity. PHASE- I
S.R.A
ROAD
FOOTPATH
Street section along SRA scheme showing prioritization of vehiclular movement and issues regarding improper parking, and improper use of open spaces.
INFORMAL SETTLEMENT
NALLAH EDGE
NALLAH
Section showing evacuation of informal settlement and formation of buffer zone (30m) with porous edge of nallah INFORMAL SETTLEMENT
ROAD
ROAD
COMMERCIAL SPACE
UNDER CONSTRUCTION HOSPITAL
DEFUNCT OPEN SPACE
Street section along SRA scheme showing prioritization of vehiclular movement and issues regarding improper parking, and improper use of open spaces. PROPOSED CONDITION
PROPOSED CONDITION
NALLAH OPEN SPACE
30M WIDE BUFFER ZONE
NALLAH EDGE
NALLAH
PHASE- II
ROAD
S.R.A
SHARED STREET
ROAD
FOOTPATH
FOOTPATH
BUFFER ZONE NALLAH AS OPEN SPACE EDGE
COMMERCIAL SPACE
Proposed section with new urban form for commercial area and buffer zone along the nallah Proposed street section for cycle track, pedestrian movement, and street vendors or on-street parking. EXISTING PROPOSED
Proposed shared street to slow movement of vehicles and ensure street play EXISTING
ROAD
PROPOSED
Section showing design of buffer zone with public amenities and open spaces for children to play. ROAD
BUFFER ZONE
NALLAH EDGE
NALLAH
SHOP FOOTPATH FRONTRAGE ROAD
SHOP FRONTRAGE
SHARED SHOP FRONTRAGE STREET
SHOP FRONTRAGE
Proposed street section for street vendors, cycle track and building setback
ROAD WITH ON STREET PARKING
FOOTPATH
ON STREET PARKING
2.4 M WIDE CYCLE TRACK
FOOTPATH
Proposed edge condition along nallah and open space
PROPOSED
EXISTING
PROPOSED EXISTING
1.8M WIDE FOOTPATH
2.4M WIDE CYCLE TRACK
CYCLETRACK
ROAD ROAD
CHILDREN PLAY AREA
NALLAH EDGE
FOOTPATH
NALLAH EDGE
NALLAH
SETBACK FOOTPATH
INFORMAL FOOTPATH VENDOR CYCLETRACK SETBACK
DEFUNCT OPEN SPACE
NALLAH EDGE
OPEN SPACE
FOOTPATH
NALLAH EDGE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION TERRITORALITY
F.B-2.1) DEVELOPMENT OF NEW URBAN FOR EYES ON STREET AND ACCESSIBILITY
LEGIBILTY
SURVIELLANCE
PERMEABILITY
F.B-1.3) REDEVELOPMENT OF S.R.A FOR PERMEABILITY FORMATION OF ACTIVE SPACES.
PROJECT PHASING
Inward looking open space with open and active spaces within the building to develop more eyes on street and open spaces for children safety
PARKING LOT
Proposed urban form for sra with sale component and parking lot to reduce pressure on street parking
EXISTING CONDITION
R.R 2.1
Reconnecting and restrengthening existing road network
Main junction redesign for safe crossing and movement on streets for Children
1
A R.R 2.1
Current DP showing area of reservations and potential for Rehab and Resettlement scheme
ROAD
FOOTPATH
S.R.A SCHEME
INFORMAL SETTLEMENT
Street section along SRA scheme showing narrow distance between the buildings being used as dumping yard, affecting the health of the built environment. PROPOSED CONDITION
ROAD FOOTPATH
S.R.A SCHEME
FOOTPATH
SOCIAL AMENITIES
REHAB & RESETTLEMENT SCHEME
2
Mixed land-use planning within walkable distance and shared streets to diminish the use of vehicular movement.
EXISTING
Development of inward looking open spaces to enhance the visibility and permeability and with commercial activities along the streets for “Eyes on street”.
This phase would involve in creation of ecological buffer zone along the nallah for ecological revival of the nallah. It would be used as interactive open space for the community which is lacking in open space within the area and would also serve as a vehicle free pedestrian movement which . The project affected people would be resettled in temporary housing on municipal plot.
Redevelopment of new urban form for existing commercial space
3
Proposed open spaces between new SRA scheme with broader distance between the building for proper light and ventilation. PROPOSED
This phase would involve in development of new active commercial space with schools for children and interactive open spaces which would have more eyes on street and aviod in mushrooming of any anti-social activities.
Resettlement and redeveloping of existing informal settlement
4 MCGM, SRA
S.R.A
SALE COMPONENT
Resettlement of informal settlement along nallah edge
ROAD
Proposed urban form of SRA scheme with open spaces between and within the built form.
PAA (Project affected area) plan on existing fabric
This phase would involve in building safe pedestrian and children commute within the existing road network of the site. It would involve in complete street design which have support for pedestrians, cyclists, public transport and private vehicles.
ALLEYS
S.R.A
NGO SPARC
TRUST
HOUSING SOCIETY
This phase would involve in development and resettlement of informal settlement in phases. It would also lead in activation of defunct land which is used for antisocial activities.
OPEN SPACES
Proposed street edge condition with commercial along the main streets and broader footpath to ensure safe pedestrian movement. EXISTING
PRIVATE
Redevelopment of new urban form for existing SRA scheme
PROPOSED
5 MCGM, SRA
BACK ALLEYS
INFORMAL SETTLEMENT
COMMERCIAL
FOOTPATH
PRIVATE
NGO SPARC
TRUST
HOUSING SOCIETY
This phase would involve in redevelopment existing SRA scheme with incorporation of inward looking open space and commercial activities on street.
Mumbai- Resilience Studio (Informality studio I Understanding ecology, informality, community I Gazdhar bandh slums) Group members (UD): Shashank, Varsha, Swara, Daksh, Shivadyni, Suruchi, Sanjana, Swechha, Darshana, Pandurang, Priyanka Gaurav, Kshitija, Shreeya| K.R.V.I.A | Sem II | October 2018
GAZDHAR BANDH INTRODUCTION: The primary objective was to establish the deeper understanding of the vulnerabilities of Mumbai city as on now and for future and develop strategies & design ideas towards enhancement the resilience. Quality of life is an idea that is often being discussed in various studies as a response to many issues and complexities that have recently emerged within our cities in the process of transformation. Along with that, the recent literature and research denes that the quality of life is also connected with the question of vulnerability and resilience. The studio attempts to address the issues related to altered eco-system & topography, high density and high value developments in the ood – prone areas and several other factors that had contributed to the fragility of life within the city as well as coastal communities. To bridge the gap among the several affecting parameters, the holistic examination of the vulnerabilities is required in terms of physical, social and ecological equities. The city of Mumbai, as region at large, is vulnerable to projected climate change related disaster within given social, economic and environmental stressed conditions coupled with population growth, informal housing, and unfair land distribution, deterioration of historic city, its economic sustenance & planning mechanism. In particular, the environmental issues and quality of urban living are the most recent debate that engages the planning and philosophical dimensions as methodological questions within academia.
HOW IS INFORMALITY DEFINED? Physical status Social status Economical status Legal status Administrative/Political status
INFORMALITY URBAN CONDITION
DERIVATION OF MAJOR VULNERABILITIES WITHIN ECOLOGY
Inaccessibilty to basic infrastructure and amenities Residents invisible to legal framework
INDUCERS/ CAUSES Inequality/Exclusion Social exclusion Environmental exclusion Economical Inequality Political Inequality
Migrant Population Dishoused Persons Lack of Housing Spaces
VULNERABLE FEATURES Income/Job insecurity Inadequate infrastructure Housing insecurity Homelessness Street dwelling
ECOLOGICAL CYCLE STUDY
EVOLUTION STUDY OF: BUILT FORM
ECOLOGY
LIVELIHOOD
INTERDEPENDENCY OF LIVELIHOOD WITHIN EACH FORM OF DEVELOPMENT
LIVELIHOOD STUDY
FACTORS INDUCING CHANGES
NORMAL DAY
DURING WATER LOGGING
INTERDEPENDENCY OF INCOME
INTERDEPENDENCY OF LIVELIHOOD
INCOME CATEGORY
SELFDEPENDENCY OF LIVELIHOOD
Desire for education is subsequent generations. Upward mobility and aspirations. Low returns from shing activities. Pursuing hobbies and small scale trades as formal professions. Migrations and demographic shifts. Flooding on SV road causing diversion of trafc
Diversion of trafc on Gazdhar bandh causing congestion
SOCIAL AMENITIES
IRREGULAR INCOME
IN & AROUND GAZDHAR BANDH
CHANGE MORPHOLOGY DUE TO CHANGE IN LIVELIHOOD THEN
Section showing open spaces present for outdoor activities NOW
Section showing dense built fabric with narrow street and negligible open spaces. LACK OF COMMON SPACE
NO SPACE FOR LOADING & UNLOADING GOODS
NO SPACE FOR STORAGE OF RAW MATRIALS
THEN
Section showing traditional settlement of koliwada with greater open spaces for shing activities. NOW AMENITIES OPEN SPACE AND RECREATION FORMAL WATER SUPPLY
HEALTHCARE
AVAILABILITY
ACCESIBILTIY
VULNERABILITY NO OPEN SPACE AVAILABLE IN GAZDHAR BANDH. ALL PRESENT IN TPS WHERE ACCESS IS LIMITED. NO VOCATIONAL CENTRES SO NO RESOURCE FOR SKILL DEVELOPMENT LIMITED ACCESS TO FORMAL WATER SUPPLY HENCE THEY HAVE TO RESORT TO MAFIA AND WATER TANKERS FOR THEIR NEEDS.
ABUNDANT HEALTH CARE OPTIONS HENCE THEY DO NOT TAKE PROPER WASTE DISPOSAL S E R I O U S LY L E A D I N G T O U N R E G U L AT E D GARBAGE DUMPING CAUSING LONG TERM HEALTH HAZARDS AND ECOLOGICAL DAMAGES.
Section showing redevelopment in Koliwada with reduced open spaces for shing activities.
DECREASED FISHING ACTIVITY
YOUTH PREFERRING FORMAL JOBS
INCREASED RESIDENTIAL DENSITY
RESILIENCE STRATERGIES
ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE STRATERGIES
RESILIENCE CATEGORY
RESTORATION OF MANGROVE, REVIVAL OF NALLAH, RESTRUCTURING COASTAL EDGE: FLOOD MITIGATION BUFFER POLICY FOR PRIMARY NALLAH: High tide line from DP 2034 & 50 M buffer from nallah as per CRZ which ever is highest is to be considered.
INTERVENTION PRIORITIZATION
N EXISTING
EXISTING
PRPOSED
PRPOSED
SECTION D-D’ SECTION B-B’
EXISTING EXISTING
PRPOSED
SECTION C-C’
PRPOSED
SECTION E-E’
NALLAH BUFFER THROUGHOUT: As per MMRDA REGIONAL PLAN DCR, 30 M should be left on either side as ood plain. As per CRZ 50M for mangroves in CRZ-I & CRZ-II
STRUCTURE PLAN AREAS OF INTERVENTIONS LEGENDS ROADS COAST LINE NODES VULNERABLE AREAS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
PHASING
SCOPE OF WORK : Improving the housing conditions in the Gazdhar bandh basti. • Reviving the ecological conditions of the degraded nallah. • Improve the drainage & sewage pattern within the precinct. • Strengthening the communities through the enhancement of existing livelihoods and skill upgradation. • Restructuring the nodes & conuence areas. • Safeguarding the built heritage by conservation approach in koliwada. • Preserving the open spaces within the precinct • Reimagining the coastline after the introduction of coastal roads and effects of climate change. • Enhancing the community and its understanding towards awareness programmes and participatory approach towards building resilience. •
STRUCTURE PLAN
N
INTERVENTION: EDGE CONDITION OF ESTUARY OBJECTIVE - The main objective to build ecological resilient stratergies for the estuary that ows along Gazdhar bandh & Koliwada has got converted into a nallah due to ill maintenance. Currently its embanked along its major route and the settlement along the edge of the nallah have covered it into a dumping yard. All the sewers lines of these settlement open out into the nallah and embankment has cause the loss of associational value of the nallah with the LEGENDS surroundings. SR.NO
A’
1
OPEN MARKET AND FOOD STALL
2
COMMUNITY HALL
3
GARDEN/ PARK
4
FISH DRYING AREA
5
FISH CULTIVATION
6
RETENTION PONDS
7
CYCLING AND WALKING TRACK
8
GROUND
9
LANDFILL WASTE TO MOUNDS
10
RESERVED AREA OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT
11
MANGROVE BUFFER
CONDITION MAPPING -
WASTELAND
RETAINING WALL
BUFFER ZONES
BUFFER LINES
SEWER LINES
HTL LINE CRZ LINE
BUFFER ZONE 2
BUFFER ZONE 1
MANGROVE
PROJECT AFFECTED PEOPLE
Description
No. of tenements Gazdhar
Koliwada
Tenements to be retained
bandh 849
Mangrove buffer
388
208
High tide line
701
351
Road widening (30m)
90
-
Peripheral access road
62
62
Total PAP Tenements
1241
621
4459
ACTIVE OPEN SPACE
PASSIVE OPEN SPACE
SECTION A-A’
ROAD WITH GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
ACTIVE OPEN SPACES FISH CULTIVATION
PLANTATION
MUDFLATS
ZONE
MANGROVE
ESTURALBED
MUDFLATS
PLANTATION
ACTIVE OPEN SPACES
MANGROVE
ZONE
MOUNDS
B’
A
SECTION B-B’
C’ 11 11
D’ 11
EXISTING PUMPING STATION (TO BE REMOVED)
B
ROAD WITH GREEN
C
INFRASTRUCTURE
AREA OF KOLIWADA TO BE RESTRUCTURED PHASE
ACTIVE OPEN SPACES FISH DRYING
PLANTATION
MUDFLATS
ZONE
MANGROVE
MUDFLATS
PLANTATION
MANGROVE ZONE
ESTURALBED
ACTIVE OPEN SPACES MOUNDS
SECTION C-C’ D
WISE
N ROAD WITH GREEN
VULNERBILITIES :-
Loss of mangroves
ACTIVE OPEN SPACES
INFRASTRUCTURE
Concretized and channelized nallah
STRATERGIES :-
Opening of sewers lines & dumping of waste
PLANTATION
MUDFLATS
ZONE
MANGROVE
EXISTING PUMPING STATION (TO BE REMOVED)
ESTURALBED
Reclamation of land disrupts the natural ow DETAIL OF WALKING DECK
DETAIL OF MARKET AND RETENTION POND
SECTION D-D’
RECREATION
REMEDY
RESILIENCE
ROAD WITH GREEN
ROAD WITH GREEN
ACTIVE OPEN SPACES
PLANTATION
MUDFLATS
INFRASTRUCTURE
INFRASTRUCTURE
GARDEN
ZONE
MANGROVE
ESTURALBED
MUDFLATS
PLANTATION
ROAD WITH GREEN
MANGROVE
ZONE
INFRASTRUCTURE
Hyderabad- Housing Studio Group members (UD+UC): Shashank, Swara, Gayathri, Shradha, Priyanka | K.R.V.I.A | Sem II | October 2018
GOLCONDHA FORT INTRODUCTION: The intent of the studio was to understand public realm in one of historical core of Hyderabad. It also focused on the tangible and intangible aspects governing the historical signiď€ cance of the area. The walled city of Golconda fort and peripheral area of development were the area of study. The study of Golconda fort through the lens of Tourism involved in delayering of activities and infrastructure supporting tourism. The point of attractions currently were, The Golconda fort and The Qutub Shahi Tombs only. The main aim was to identify the missing historical linkages which were of prime importance during the Qutub Shahi and Asaf Jahi rule, and develop various tourist circuit . It would not only help in identifying the signiď€ cance of historical structure but also strengthen the livelihood of local residents. These tourist circuits were developed by combining both major and minor public realms in terms of a historical trail and an ecological trail. This would lead in development of public realm and tourist infrastructure like provision of homestays, battery driven autorickshaw within the fort area, commercial active streets, promenades and kite festival along the lake and the fort wall.
HISTORICAL TIMELINE
MAJOR PUBLIC REALM
MINOR PUBLIC REALM
N
N
MARKET STUDY PRIMARY AND WEEKLY MARKET
PRIMARY MARKET (BADA BAZZAR)
The markets were major source of income within the Golconda fort catering to local residents and the tourists with basic amenities. The markets weren’t artisan base like the one near Char Minar precinct but were segregated into Bada bazar, Chota bazar and Weekly bazar. Bada bazar was the main market aligned along the main axis route of the fort. This was the market that existed from the early ages of Golconda fort with remains of the Astabals being converted into residential and commercial spaces
B
A
C
D
E
PRIMARY MARKET
NEIGHBORHOOD MARKET SHOP
STREET
INFORMAL SHOP
SHOP
STREET
SHOP
SHOP
STREET
SHOP
ASTABAL (RESIDENTIAL)
STREET
ASTABAL ASTABAL (SHOP) (RESIDENTIAL)
STREET
ASTABAL (SHOP)
WEEKLY MARKET
PRIMARY ROADS
Informal activities carried out in front of Golconda fort.
The spill over space of the main road used for various activities as per the shop.
The spill over space of the main road used as storage space and to display the shop products.
The astabal converted to residential household units with new extension in the back.
The astabal used for residentail and for commercial purpose.
N
WEEKLY MARKET A
The weekly markets are markets that happen’s once a week. The rampart of the fort wall is used as a weekly market. This markets caters to the need of household services and food stalls.
B
C
RESIDENTIAL STREET
FORT WALL
The rampard of the fort wall paved
MOAT
D
E
RESIDENTIAL
STREET
DURGAH (FORT WALL)
MOAT
The area of weekly market being used as a spill over space for parking.
HERITAGE MIX USE RESTAURANT AND BAKERY CLOTHING AND ACCESSORSIES MEDICAL BUTCHER HARDWARE AND FURNITURE
RESIDENTIAL
STREET
FORT WALL
MOAT
The rampard of the fort wall being used as weekly market.
RESIDENTIAL INSTITUES OTHERS
TOURISM The lens of tourism was used in order to provide basic infrastructure and strengthen the existing tourist circuit. The existing trail comprised only of Th Golconda Fort, The Qutub Shahi Tombs and the main Darwaza’s. The new tourist trails that were developed comprised of trails that were ecological based, a single day trail and a two day trail which would include all the historical structures (both major and minor). It was also meant to develop green infrastructure like the battery driven autorickshaw for 8 people and cycle stands to carry out the trails on cycles.
AREA OF INTERVENTIONS
N
STRUCTURE PLAN
N
INTERVENTION KATORA HAUZ BUILDING USE
PROPOSED PLAN:
OWNERSHIP MAP
STREET INTERVENTION : PERIPHERAL FENCE ALONG KATORA HOUZ BEING USED TO DISCARD WASTE ALONG THE EDGE
KA
TO
RA
HO
UZ
BUILDING HEIGHTS
PARKING
ROAD
NARROW ROAD WIDTH WITH ON - STREET PARKING
BUILDING
3.5 M
SECTION A-A’
PRIVATE TRUST LAND ENCROACHMENT
RA
RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL INSITITUTIONAL
KA TO
GROUND GROUND +1 GROUND +2
HO
UZ
EXISITNG
PROPOSED
IDENTIFYING ZONES OF INTERVENTIONS:
CLEARING OF FENCE AND PROVIDING VIEWING DECK CLEAR ROAD WIDTH WITH PEDESTRIAN SUPPORT (FOOTPATH) DECK
FOOTPATH
ROAD
FOOTPATH
SETBACK
BUILDING
7.5 M
PROPOSED URBAN FORM
SECTION B-B’
CLUSTER INTERVENTION :
STREET SECTION FAILING TO CATER PEDESTRIAN NEEDS.
BUILDING FACADE NOT CATERING TO THE STREET
OPEN SPACES
RESTRUCTING THE HOUSING PATTERN CLEARING OF ENCROACHMENT OPENING UP OF SPACE FOR MASJID
VACCANT PLOT USED FOR DUMPING WASTE PROVIDING PROPER ROAD NETWORK
LARGE TERRACES AS SPILL OUT SPACES FOR HOMESTAY’S AND HOUSES
PROVIDING PLAZAS FOR PEOPLE TO MOVE INWARD
NARROW STREET LANES CREATING DEAD SPACES
BUILD FORM DESIGNED IN STEP FORM AND WITH SETBACKS
CREATING PUBLIC INTERACTIVE ZONES
SECTION C-C’
SECTION D-D’
- NARROW AND UNCLEAR STREET NETWORK - LACK OF POROSITY WITH THE SETTLEMENT.
- PROVIDING CLEAR AND MINIMUM NUMBER OF STREETS. - PROVIDING PLAZA FOR THE COMMUNITY
MASJID INTERVENTION :
HOMESTAY’S RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL
IDENTIFYING PLOTS FOR AMALGAMATION: COMMERCIAL SPACES E
EXISITNG
N
HOMESTAYS
PARKING
PROPOSED
COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES
PUBLIC REALM
COMMERCIAL PUBLIC REALM ACTIVITIES
SECTION E-E’
SITE STRUCTURE PLAN Increased road width for proper pedestrian movement
Vaccant plot used For dumping waste
Pedestrianisation of streets to create a prominade
Opening up of spaces along the edges
Restructuring the Street edges
Establishing the connection between the open spaces
PLOTS TO AMMALGAMATE
PLOTS AFTER AMMALGAMATION
E’
ESTABLISHING MISSING CONNECTION WITH THE LAKE
OPEN SPACE
PUBLIC REALM
MULTI
ROAD
UTILITY ZONE
Unpacking Ecology- Development along The National Park
1858
AREA OF ILLEGAL MINING & AREA OF STUDY
1890
TULSI LAKE
When built in 1860 (construction started in 1858), it was considered as the largest lake in Mumbai in the Salsette group of islands. It is hemmed between the Tulsi Lake and the Powai Lake(shown in map). It partly meets the drinking water needs of the South Mumbai region. It supplies only 3% of the Mumbai city’s water requirement, after ltration at Bhandup where the large water ltration plant is located.
The lake was built by the British, in 1890 AD, the estate where the lake is now was leased on a yearly rent to Dr. Scott. After his death in the government took control of the estate and leased it to Framaji Kavasji, then the vicepresident of the Agricultural and Horticultural Society of Western India.
The Indian Forest Act was enacted in 1927, declaring forests as state property and exploiting their timber.
1972- WILD LIFE PROTECTION ACT. The Borivali National park was further expanded to include Aarey Colony with the total notied area being 82.25 sq km.
1981
Borivali National Park was renamed Sanjay Gandhi National Park and was added with more forests from Thane division to make the area of 103.84 sq km which exists till today. It is divided as Mumbai Suburban and Thane district.
1927 - FOREST ACT. 1969
The Krishnagiri National Park covering an area of 20 square kilometre was established under the Bombay National Park Act, 1950.
KRISHNA GIRI PARK
1950
POWAI LAKE
Tulsi Lake is a fresh water lake in northern Mumbai. It is stated to be the second largest lake in Mumbai and supplies part of the city’s potable water. Rain water from the catchment area of 676 hectares of Powai-Kanheri hill ranges drains into the lake. The plan to create the lake was conceived in 1872 and construction completed 1897. It was designed as a backup for the Vihar Lake to supply portable drinking water to the city of now Mumbai.
1879
VIHAR LAKE
The Kanheri Caves are a group of caves and rock-cut monuments cut into a massive basalt outcrop in the forests of the Sanjay Gandhi National Park, on the island of Salsette in the western outskirts of Mumbai, India.
BORIVALI NATIONAL PARK
Sanjay Gandhi National Park is a 87 km2 (34 sq mi) protected area in Mumbai. It was established in 1996 with headquarters at Borivali. It is notable as one of the major national parks existing within a metropolis limit and is one of the most visited parks. With the demand of expansion of city and material for development quarrying activities were carried out. To preserve the borders of national park a buffer zone was created. These quarrying site were in the buffer zone and the escarpment acting as a man-made natural barrier to preserve the areas of national park. In recent time the buffer zone has reduced and development was allowed pushing development to edges and also leading to formation of informal settlements. This as lead to disputes in land ownership between the informal settlements and the traditional village people residing within the forest. Till date these village people ghting for their rightful land and for their stay within the forest, because of their dependance on forest.
HISTORICAL TIMELINE
SANJAY GANDHI NATIONAL PARK
INTRODUCTION:
KANHERI CAVES
NATIONAL PARK
1st CENTURY B.C.E
10th CENTURY B.C.E
Group members (UD+UC): Shashank, Namratha, Prajakta, Jai | K.R.V.I.A | Sem I | October 2018
The Wild life protection act was enacted in 1927, to ensure ecological security of the country.
1995 - B.E.A.G PETITION. The petition stated that the encroachments could have a disastrous effect.
1997 - HIGH COURT RULING. The court ordered the demolition of illegal hutment within the national park
2006 - FOREST RIGHTS ACT This act nally granted the right over land and forest resources to forest-dwelling scheduled tribes.
POLITICAL INFLUENCE-
INDUSTRIAL INFLUENCE-
RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE-
QUARYING INFLUENCE-
SHRI RAM PADA (MULUND)
DAMU NAGAR (KANDIVALI)
MASCHA PADA (MIRA BHAYANDAR)
KAJU PADA (BORIVALI)
PROPOSED AREA FOR EDUCATIONAL ZONE IN 1964 DP
PROPOSED AREA FOR RESIDENTIAL ZONE IN 1964 DP
Post Independence people having ownership on their lands started building their houses
1977 : Forest.
1970 - 80 : FOREST.
1977 : Forest
Masacha pada was only limited to the original tribal community residing inside the national park.
1977- 97 : Mahindra and quarrying activities. DP 1961 marked clear and accessible road networks for TPS plots
2000 : The villages are no longer prominent due to rapid growth in residential highrise and commercial buildings.
1980 : Informal settlements.
1980 : Informal settlements. Many factories developed in the area which attracted many migrated workers from other states like Punjab, Haryana and Bihar.
Gentrication – Due to development in real estate market & no demarcated boundary for national park, there is continuous growth of encroachment by informal settlement towards the national park.
The rise of lm studios lead to increase in commercial activities
2018 : Increase in informal settlements and residential schemes. 2018 : Increase in informal settlements and residential schemes.
1990 : Development of plotted & residential schemes.
2018 : Increase in informal settlements & residential schemes.
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