InDesign Tutorial 2 “We have a strategic plan. It’s called doing things.” Herb Kelleher
Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 16
Introduction Exercise 1 - Preferences Exercise 2 - The Document Control Panel - Objects Control Panel - Text Control Panel - Paragraph Rules, Margins and Guides Exercise 3 - Column Guides Editing Ruler Guides Aligning Text Frames & Linked Files Resolution Exercise 4 - Front Page Exercise 5 - Master Pages
© Shaun Minahan 2014
InDesign Tutorial 2
INTRODUCTION In this tutorial, we will be looking at more aspects and functions of InDesign which will increase your knowledge and allow you to become familiar with and use a few more of the features available. You will be creating and using one InDesign file for this tutorial and keeping it for use in Tutorial 3. Building a document from scratch, the exercises will be using the features and functions learned in each section and Exercise as you go. REMEMBER: Save often and especially at the end of an Exercise. Action Terminology When referring to the Menu items, they now will be written in the order they are accessed from the main Menu. For example:
“I am always doing that which I cannot do, in order that I may learn how to do it” Pablo Picasso
Object > Arrange > Bring to Front
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EXERCISE 1 - PREFERENCES Preferences include settings such as panel positions, measurement options, and display options for graphics and typography. Preference settings specify how InDesign documents and objects behave.
Select the Units & Increments pane and make sure the box Horizontal and Vertical measurement units are millimetres and that the Stroke units are in points.
Launch InDesign and with no document open, choose Edit > Preferences > General. A window like this will appear: Next, select Dictionary and change the Language setting to English: UK.
On the left hand side we see a list of Preference Panes, and to the right, the details of the pane that is open. Not too much to do as most preferences will not concern us.
Choose Window > Paragraph and make sure the Hyphenate box is checked off.
Finally, to make things a bit easier for you, see if you can set up the Panel Dock on the right hand side of your Workspace as in the illustration below (The Panel Dock is covered in Tutorial 1).
Check all the boxes in the Spelling and Dynamic Spelling areas.
With the General pane selected, make sure the box Prevent Selection of Locked Objects is ticked.
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EXERCISE 2 - THE DOCUMENT Create a new document using the following specifications: Number of pages: 4 Facing Pages: On Page size: A4 Orientation: Portrait Margins: Top: 10mm Bottom: 15mm Inside: 15mm Outside: 10mm (Hint: Turn off the link box that you see in the Margins section of the New Document window. This will allow you to set each margin with a different value. The link box is circled in red in Figure 1)
Figure 1 - New Document window
Figure 2 - Pages Panel
Save this file as ‘Recipe Flyer’ in your Tutorial 2 folder. You will be working on this file from now on in all exercises that you see in this tutorial. Click on the Pages panel in the dock. You should see the the four pages as in Figure 2.
“As a rule, conventions only become conventions if they work.” © Shaun Minahan 2014
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CONTROL PANEL - OBJECTS The Control Panel displays options for the currently selected tool and offers quick access to options, commands, and other panels related to the current page item or objects you select (this is called contextual). By default, the Control Panel is docked to the top of the document window.
Reference Point
Vertical Position
Below is an illustration of the Control Panel when a non-text frame or object is selected.
Š Shaun Minahan 2014
Flip Status
Stroke Weight
Width
Rotate Angle
Rotate 90°
Frame Fill Colour
Height
Skew Angle
Flip Horizontal/ Vertical
Frame Stroke Colour
Width/Height Link Toggle
Balance Columns Align Top Fit frame to content
Gutter Width
Unbalance Align Columns Centre
To the right is the right hand side of the Control Panel when a text frame is selected.
Horizontal Scale
Vertical Scale
Number of Columns
Notice that the Control Panel information reflects such things as the position, size, and rotation of that object.
With a document open, choose the Selection tool from the Tools panel and then select an object in your document.
Horizontal Position
Align Bottom
Scale Link Toggle
Justify Vertically
Object Effects (Never to be used) Text Wrap Corner Options Radius
Transparency Percentage
Object Corner Styles
Frame Fitting Options
Alignment Options
Auto-fit Toggle Makes contents resize as frame resizes
Stroke Style
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CONTROL PANEL - TEXT Align Centre
Character Formatting Controls
Font Family
Font Style
All Caps Font Size
Underline Kerning
Vertical Scale
Horizontal Scale
Tracking
Baseline Shift
Skew
Leading Small Caps
Strikethrough
Subscript
Align Align Left Right
Text Fill
Superscript
Align to Spine
Character Style Menu Character Style
Spelling Stroke
Forced Left Justify Forced Centre Justify
Left Indent
Right Indent
First line Indent
Last line Indent
Align away from Spine
Forced Right Justify
This is what the Control Panel looks like when any text on the page is selected with the text tool and the Character Formatting Controls option has been selected. Virtually all elements of the text can be accessed and changed with the Control Panel. Š Shaun Minahan 2014
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CONTROL PANEL - PARAGRAPH
Align Centre
Align Align Left Right
Forced Left Justify Forced Centre Justify
Superscript
Bullet List
Align to Spine Left Indent
First line Align Indent away from Spine
Right Indent
Space Before Line
Space After Line
Last line Drop Cap Drop Cap Indent number number of of lines characters
Do not Span align to Paragraph Columns Baseline Style Menu Number of Paragraph Style Columns
Hyphenate Toggle
Align to Gutter Baseline
Numbered List
Horizontal Cursor Position
All Caps Font Family
Font Size
Font Style
Leading Small Caps Subscript
Underline
Strikethrough
Forced Right Justify Paragraph Formatting Controls This is what the Control Panel looks like when any text on the page is selected with the text tool and the Paragraph Formatting Controls option has been selected. Once again, virtually all elements of the paragraph can be accessed and changed via the Control Panel in this state. Š Shaun Minahan 2014
You may notice that some elements of the Control Panel in this state duplicate some that are present when using the Character Formatting Controls option. These elements are those that are used the most and is useful having them on both forms of the Control Panel.
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RULERS, MARGINS & GUIDES Rulers
Margins and Column Guides
InDesign has both horizontal and vertical rulers which can be toggled on and off with the Ctrl+R command. These are illustrated below.
When you create a New Document in InDesign, you are presented with the option to set Margins and Column Guides. This was discussed in Tutorial 1. However, you have the option of resetting these on individual pages in your document at a later date.
Horizontal Ruler Vertical Ruler
Go to Layout in the Menu and choose ‘Margins and Columns...’. A window will appear that looks like this:
and drag a ruler guide to the desired position. Release the mouse to drop the ruler guide into place. You will see a blue guideline appear on your page. Once you choose another object or draw another guideline it will become cyan. Existing guides New guide
HANDY HINT Zoom Zoom Zoom !!! Altering the magnification of the view of your layout is one of the most handy tools used in InDesign, or any other layout application for that matter.
Here they are shown in millimetres. You can change the units used by right hand clicking on a ruler and the unit options will appear. Guides Guides are lines that can be placed at any point of the document as a reference for placing objects, text, images and are only visible while editing the document, that means they won’t appear at the final print. Indesign has several classifications of guides but for now we will focus on the two that will concern us most.
© Shaun Minahan 2014
Here, you can change the values for Margins and Columns. If you wish the Margins to be of different values, click off the link symbol (here outlined in orange) as this keeps all four values the same. Ruler Guides In order to set a ruler guide, click and hold the cursor over the horizontal or vertical ruler
To activate the Zoom tool, click the Zoom Tool icon in the Toolbox. Similarly, press the ‘Z’ key when nothing is selected. If you need to Zoom on the fly, try pressing Ctrl+Spacebar when you are navigating with the mouse. This is the quickest and easiest way as it brings the zoom tool into play as long as those two keys are pressed. To return to full page view, press Ctrl+Zero.
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EXERCISE 3 - COLUMN GUIDES With the Pages panel open, double click on Page 2. You should see Page 2 take on a blue colour as illustrated below:
Double click on Page 3 in the Pages panel. This time, change the Column values to: Columns: 2
So here we can now see that Page 1 has a single column, Page 2 has three Columns, and Pages 3 and 4 have two columns.
Gutter: 8mm Do the same to Page 4.
Remember to SAVE your file at this point.
Zoom out so that you can see all pages in your workspace. Do this by pressing Control-Minus several times. You should see something like this: Select Layout > Margins and Columns. Change the Column values to: Columns: 3 Gutter 8 mm As in the illustration below:
“You can’t build on a weak foundation. You must have a strong foundation if you’re going to have strong design.”
If you click the Preview box, you can see the changes as you make them. © Shaun Minahan 2014
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EDITING RULER GUIDES
HANDY HINT Zoom with a view
Snap to Guides
Locking Guides
Using the Menu, choose View > Grids & Guides and make sure the option ‘Snap to Guides’ has a tick next to it.
To lock guides, choose; View > Grids & Guides > Lock Guides This will prevent you accidently moving any guides while you work.
Here is a list of all Zoom shortcuts that you can use to make layout much easier. Remember, frames and text sometimes are small and will need to be magnified to see what you are doing.
Smart Guides
Control-zero
View whole page
While working with InDesign you may have noticed some green lines appear as you move an object around the page. These are Smart Guides that help you align the object with others. They will appear when the object is aligned in someway with another object close to it on the page; top, bottom, left, right and centre on both axis. You can toggle this feature on and off using Ctrl-U.
Control-Alt-zero
View whole spread
Control-plus sign
Zoom in
This will ensure that when you are positioning an object on your page, it will ‘snap’ to the exact location of the guides you have set up. Moving Guides Using the Selection Tool , click on a guideline. Then, simply move it to where you want it. However, to move it to an exact location, when you choose the guideline you can change the location on the Horizontal or Vertical axis in the Control Panel. Edit the position to what you require and the guide will move to that location.
Control-minus sign Zoom out Control-spacebar
Allows you to zoom to a selected area
Deleting Guides You can delete individual Guides on a page by selecting a guide and pressing the Del key. All guides on a page may be removed by selecting View > Grids & Guides> Delete All Guides on Spread.
© Shaun Minahan 2014
Smart Guide
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ALIGNING TEXT Text can be justified within a text box in many ways but the only ones we will be concerned with are:
Left Justified
Pesto is a sauce originating in northern Italy, and traditionally consists of garlic, basil, pine nuts, olive oil and parmesan cheese.
Centre Justified
Pesto is a sauce originating in northern Italy, and traditionally consists of garlic, basil, pine nuts, olive oil and parmesan cheese.
Right Justified
Pesto is a sauce originating in northern Italy, and traditionally consists of garlic, basil, pine nuts, olive oil and parmesan cheese.
Good vs Bad Justification Forced justification is sometimes used to get rid of the ‘ragged edges’ that occurs with left justification. This is often used in one column publications, such as books and novels, and in newspapers in conjunction with hyphenation. However, it can make it harder to read if the column width is small and there is no hyphenation.
Left Justification © Shaun Minahan 2014
In the two illustrations below, We have turned on the View H&J Violations option (Preferences > Composition > Highlight > H&J Violations). This will show you, in various strengths of yellow, where the text’s tracking (distance between words) is bigger than normal. The eleventh line in the Forced Justification shows very large gaps between the words. Forced Justification can cause more problems for people who already have reading problems and serves no purpose whatever. It is strongly recommended you never use it.
Forced Justification
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FRAMES & LINKED FILES
Link indicator
Graphic Frames
Placing a Picture inside a Frame
When you use one of the Frame tools (those are the ones with an “X” in the middle of them), InDesign creates a graphic frame. Choose the appropriate frame tool and then click, drag, and release.
With a Graphic Frame selected, press Ctrl+D or select File > Place from the Menu. Choose a file and press OK. Your chosen file will appear in the frame.
Anchoring Handle Rounded Corners Handle Sizing Handles Shape (Unassigned) Frames These are used when you want a solid or transparent colour on your page.
Linked Files When you place a picture on your page, the file will automatically be linked. The image that appears in the InDesign document is a preview of the image stored somewhere else on your computer or network. If the file you linked to your InDesign document is changed, it must be updated. When you print or export a document, InDesign uses the linked images to generate the information necessary to create a high-quality printed document.
© Shaun Minahan 2014
Link Panel showing link information Copy & Paste Never copy and paste an image or picture from a source other than InDesign into another InDesign document. The image will not appear in the Link Panel and you have no control over the printing resolution, nor can you make any changes to the image itself. This is one of the hard and fast rules if you want your documents to print properly.
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RESOLUTION Resolution, scanning, and picture size is a vast and often confusing topic. For those new to desktop publishing it can be overwhelming. To help you through this, we’ll focus on some basic, easy to understand facts. An image is composed of very small dots and appear to the eye as continuous tone. Every photograph and every image that you see in every book, magazine, calendar and art reproduction is comprised of dots at a resolution typically at 300 DPI. What is Resolution? Resolution is one of the most important concepts to understand in digital imaging, design and digital photography. The term resolution describes both pixel count and pixel density. DPI (dots per inch) is probably a familiar term if you’ve bought or used a printer, a scanner or a digital camera. DPI is the measure of resolution we will use.
How Many Dots? There are two basic standards for resolution. Screen resolution, used as the standard for web design, is 72 DPI. Small enough to keep the file sizes to a minimum, but large enough so that individual dots may not be seen on the screen. And the majority of the files that we source from the internet are 72 DPI. Print resolution, however, must be much larger. Whether it be digital print, or traditional offset printing, the pixels must be small enough so that when a picture is printed we do not see individual squares of colour. This is usually set at 300 DPI. Here is an example of the same picture at both print (300 DPI) and screen (72 DPI) resolutions.
The picture on the left is sharp, has more detail and will print well. The one on the right, because of its lower resolution, will not be as sharp, has lost detail and the individual pixels are big enough to be visible. This “pixelation” will be pronounced if the picture is increased in size.
72 dpi 100%
72 dpi 200%
The two pictures above shows what happens when you increase the size of a picture within your file. If you increase the size, you decrease the resolution.
Dots and Pixels For convenience, pixels and dots are the same thing. They’re just squares of colour. But as we shall learn, it is the size of the dots that is important when we speak of resolution.
© Shaun Minahan 2014
300 dpi
72 dpi
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RESOLUTION Most pictures you download from the internet will be at screen (72 DPI) resolution. The trick is to find pictures large enough that will print well. And when you have done that, how to manipulate them.
Once you find a picture you would like to use, click on it to give an expanded view. Wait until the picture reveals itself to full resolution. Right hand click the picture and choose ‘Save image as’ from the menu.
Below is a table of a list of sizes (in millimetres) and the corresponding pixel count you will be searching for:
Save the picture to a relevant folder on the system and give it a descriptive name. Some pictures will have a name like ‘image32.jpg’ which tells you nothing about the picture itself. Choose a unique and descriptive name and save the file. Place the file into your InDesign file by pressing Ctrl+D or choose File > Place. Once you have placed it on the page, you may notice that the picture is very large. Adjusting Size and Resolution Open the Info Panel from the Panel Dock. You will see a panel like this:
For example, if we were looking for an image to fit a picture box measuring 100mm x 160mm, then we would need to find a picture that was a minimum size of 1181 x 1890 pixels.
This shows us two numbers; The Actual ppi and the Effective ppi (ppi is another way of writing dpi, it is the abbreviation of ’pixels per inch’). We need to change the Effective ppi to 300. With the picture selected, go to the Control Panel at the top of the workspace that looks like this;
and change the value to 24%
The picture will appear about a quarter of the size. Now if we look at our Info panel, we will see that the Actual ppi is still 72, but the Effective ppi (the resolution the picture will printed at) will now be at the figure we require; 300 ppi.
When searching for pictures in Google, click on ‘Search Tools’. This will reveal an expanded search menu which includes ‘Size’. Use this to narrow down the search of images to the minimum size you require.
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EXERCISE 4 - FRONT PAGE
“Recipe Green”. Make sure the Colour Type is set to Process and the Colour Mode is set to CMYK.
Using the Rectangle Frame Tool draw a frame anywhere on Page 1 of your document. Change the size and position of the frame using the Control Panel with the following values
Now set the values of the new colour as follows:
Reference Point: Top Left
Horizontal Position: 0 mm
Cyan: 80% Magenta 0% Yellow 100% Black 20% The window should now look like this:
Width: 213 mm Figure 1
Vertical Position: -3 mm
Height: 303 mm
Page 1 should look like Figure 1.
Figure 2
Defining a Colour Click Swatches in the Panel Dock and go to the pull down menu Choose New Colour Swatch. You should see this window:
With the picture frame selected, place the file Cover picture.jpg found in the Pictures folder found in the Tutorial 2 folder. This picture is the exact same dimensions as the frame you have created and will fit exactly. Your page should look like Figure 2. With the frame selected, choose Object > Lock so that you don’t accidently move the picture while you work on the page.
© Shaun Minahan 2014
Click OK and your new colour will appear in the Colour Swatch list as in the first illustration on the next page.
HANDY HINT A bleed of its own
Click off the box Name with Colour Value. This will open the field Swatch Name and allow you to name the colour. Name the new colour
Bleed area is located outside the edges of a document. By printing an image outside the page edge, imperfections in the trimming process go unnoticed. We’ve added an extra 3mm to the top, outer and bottom of the size of the frame to allow for bleed.
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EXERCISE 4 - FRONT PAGE
Swatch Panel with the new ‘Recipe Green’ colour swatch.
Setting Cover Text Draw a text frame with the Text Tool anywhere on the page. Move the frame with the Selection Tool so that the top left hand corner snaps to the top left corner of the margin guides. Check the values in the Control Panel are X=15mm, Y=10mm. Resize the frame using the Control Panel to 145mm wide x 52mm high. Select the Text Tool again and type ‘Celebrate’ then press the Enter key. Type ‘Summer’. Select all the text you have just typed. Your Control Panel should look something like this (although the font and size may differ):
Change the Font Family to Book Antiqua and the Font Style to Regular. Set the Font Size to 72 and the Leading to 72 also. Using the Swatch Panel, change the colour to Recipe Green. The Control Panel should now look like this:
Press Control-Alt-I so you can see the invisibles within the text. Select the word ‘Summer’ and right hand justify so that the word moves to the right of the text box. Place the file Front page text.doc (found in the Word Files folder) anywhere on Page 1. Using the Control panel, resize the text frame to 145mm Wide x 35 High. Move the text frame so that the bottom right hand corner aligns with the bottom right Margin intersection. Select all the text within the frame and change the font to ‘Book Antiqua’ 24 point and set the justification right. Make sure the text is Black. Set the vertical alignment to Align Bottom. SAVE your file now!
The finished Front Page HANDY HINT Leading by example Leading is the term used for the spacing between lines of type. When type was set by hand with metal, strips of lead were used to keep the lines of type apart. The larger the value, the larger the space. When the leading in InDesign is set to Auto (calculated at 120% of the type size) the value in the control panel will be in parenthesese as in the figure below. Here it is 14.4 point.
Align Bottom
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EXERCISE 5 - MASTER PAGES You can use Master Pages to create layout templates in a publication. You can include running headers and footers, which run across the top and bottom of the page respectively, and to add folios which include page numbers. Master Pages give the publication a consistent look and feel and save you time and effort by eliminating the need for you to create this content on every page manually.
Draw a text frame about 50mm wide in the bottom left hand corner of the left Master Page, starting at the Margin intersection and extending to the bottom of the page as in the illustration below:
Setting Folios and Page Numbers You can have InDesign automatically apply page numbers, and using master pages makes it easy to have them applied in the same location on every page.
Choose Type > Insert Special Character > Markers > Current Page Number.
In the Pages Panel, double-click the Left Page icon for the A master page. This fits the left side of your A master page in the window and the left Master Page in the Pages Panel will appear light blue.
Now type four spaces followed by the words ‘Celebrate Summer’. Change the font to Book Antiqua with a size of 11 points. Vertically justify the text vertically so that it appears in the centre of the text box.
The letter ‘A’ should appear in the text frame.
Note that the text box does not have a solid border but is comprised of dotted lines. This notifies us that it is a Master Page item.
The folio should now appear like this on your left Master Page:
Double-click the Right Page icon and draw another text box in the bottom right corner with the same dimensions as the first. Type ‘Celebrate Summer’ followed by four spaces and add the page number as we did previously. Change the font and size and centre justify vertically as before. Right hand justify the text so that the ‘A’ lines up with the right margin. Your folio should now look like this:
Now we can see on pages 2,3 and 4 that the page numbers and the name of the publication appear in the folio area. If we added or moved any pages the folios would be added or corrected automatically. SAVE your file now!
© Shaun Minahan 2014
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