XIAOTONG LAI Programme : MArch Urban Design
Shaw
XIAOTONG LAI China 86 13590600999 Lxt13590600999@163.com
Education
Major GPA
Wuhan University
Environmental Design 3.8 / 4.0
SUNSHINE IN THE CRACK
Professional Experience ZhongHuiChangYuan Engineering Design Group Co. Rural Revitalization Project at Lushui Lake, Chibi City, Hubei Province Rural Planning Project in Basho Township, Enshi City, Hubei Province
Playing equipment that helps migrant children lessen the recline on adults and explore their mobility in a unfriendly environment July 2020-Augaust 2020 Intership Nov 2020-Jan 2021 Team Leader May 2021-October 2021 Team Leader
THE WORLD OF MAD MAX
Awards & Honors 2020 IDEA-KING International Landscape Planning & Design Competition Second Award "U+L" International Symposium and National Student Concept Design Competition Third Award 日本コンセプトアートデザイン賞 CADA Japan Concept Art Design Award Third Award 9th National College Digital Art & Design Awards, Provincial First Award 2021 "YUANYE AWARDS" International Competition Honorary Award Golden Autumn Arts Festival Advanced Worker - Wuhan University
A plan for survival and revival of civilisation in a post-apocalyptic desert based on a film setting November,2020
January,2021
June,2021
August,2021
VIRTUOUS CITY
Integration of planting and transport systems design to address urban food self-sufficiency and delivery in the epidemic and post-epidemic era
November,2021
December,2019
Social activist - Wuhan University
June,2020
Grade 2 Scholarship - Wuhan University
2019-2020
China National Scholarship
2020-2021
Grade 1 Scholarship - Wuhan University
2020-2021
ZHIMEI Scholarship - Hubei Institute of Fine Arts
2020-2021
Technical Skills
CONTENTS
APPLICATION AND SPECIFICATION OF THE SPATIAL ENVIRONMENT
Optimal design of dynamic systems to cope with the development of river health, economy and population structure
01 Sunshine In The Crack
Junior Year 9.2020-2.2021
Site Description of Shipai
A large number of migrant children are being invloved into the urbanisation process. It is therefore important to understand their adaptation and understanding of the city from a child's perspective, and to give them space to develop fully. This series of play devices help children to demonstrate the transition from voiceless 'appendages' to active agents. They offer children the pleasure of climbing and exploring natural elements in a narrow space through different combinations.
It is composed of dense buildings and part of private plots, which are expanded by villagers' homestead. It is supported by 170 narrow ancient alleys, surrounded by highrise buildings and prosperous commercial streets in Guangzhou CBD.
There were "hand-held buildings" everywhere, no playground at all, we all went to play on the flat behind her house!
The Formation of Shipai
Tianhe District
Scene of Shipai before 1920s
Guangzhou City Guangdong Province
Playing Field Resident children Main routes of activities Migrant children
Scene of Shipai in 1980s When it rains, it becomes dark and damp,the sun does not shine through. 2
The existing area of Shipai in1912 (14km )
Public Place Primary schools / kingdergarten Public activity space
Scene of Shipai today
Requisition of land during 1980s
Main roads in Shipai Hospital
Requisition of land during 1950s
Requisition of land in 1925 -1935
New-built urban districts
Commercial Strip 2
The existing area of Shipai today( ≦ 1km )
Everything is expensive out there, right? I haven't been outside yet.
Restaurants / shopping malls / hotels Inside belts of commerce
The scale of Tianhe District The original scale of Shipai The scale of Shipai today The boundary of Shipai in 1912 The boundary of Shipai today
Passenger Distribution Railway station Bus station Crowds
Timeline of Shipai Locals: ≦ 28,000 Migrants: Ordinary agricultural village, founded in 1273 AD. After the founding of the country, an urban-rural dichotomy emerged, reflecting systems and policies that embodied the overall differences between urban and rural areas.
Locals: 9,000 Migrants: 45,000 Locals: ≦ 43,000 Migrants: There was a period of great relaxation and differentiation between urban and rural boundaries, and the construction of alternative social boundaries was carried out internally, based on the policy and resource advantages it had.
Locals: ≦ 12,000 Migrants: 20,000 The farmland on the outskirts of the village was expropriated and, as the location took hold, villagers built and provided low-cost housing on their early home sites.
Locals: ≦ 9,000 Migrants: ≧ 80,000 Shipai has formed a market for low-cost housing in the form of former village settlements, creating a cluster of migrant populations. The population density is 51,181 people per square kilometre.
The living environment of the district has been deteriorating due to the increasing number of foreigners. The local residents of Ishpeming Village have started to move out and buy new houses in the city after accumulating material resources in recent years.
There are too many people living here, the alley corners are full of rubbish and the air is very bad.
Shipai Geography Scale of Shipai
Neighbour has chickens here and I get to play with them for a while every time I pass by.
1978
NUMBER OF MIGRANTS
1992
1996
2000
Among the migrant population, 62.5% of children aged 6-15 years are accompanied by their fathers, with a large number of "migrant children" being swept into urbanisation.
LOCAL POPULATION
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run off collection surface gutter with screen forming a closed system keeping leaves and debris out
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Irrigation water Interactive space Use by animals
downspout with sediment trap for ground level catchment or direct to cistem debris and sediment interceptor
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Water the plants
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Scour the waste
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At t a r eh e a g e har i n i n of 0d 3 the ly be f a n c y , chil o u t i n d a n d re do ep d n or en c a act de n ivit nt i ies n .
Design Strategy
Analysis of Children’s Playing Behavior
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Layout of Ladders
Through seris of the climbing nets, the buildings close to each other can be connected, as well as the portable aerial climbing ladders set up on the street, the unused space can be provided for children’s activities, they can walk through the roofs and play in the streets.
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Children who have poultry at home can share them with other partners, so that they can take care of each other's p e t s t o g e t h e r. I t a l s o promotes friendship!
Space of ladders
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Shared Pets
Space of nets
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The poultry house is no longer a narrow and dark space but children can find more fun through teasing chicks and climbing.
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The Ruins Park
The site s not cleared, instead the foundations of the former building. This space hosts playgrounds and gathering spaces, while the artful deconstruction of the buildings concrete frame has left a number of follies that can in due course be converted to climbing, hiding structures to children. The water mirror, formed by shallow water, reflects the space and installation between the buildings and the surrounding space, making the narrow space more dynamic and spacious.
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People can walk under those portable ladders and children can climb them up. Graffiti membrane between the steps which provides chances for children to develop their creativity.
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Scene 1 0
Scene 2
Profiles Analysis
50m
This is a series of playgrounds designed for children, which, depending on the layout of the various streets in Shipai and their spatial characteristics, can be formed in various combinations that can create more possibilities for activity in a small space.
④
⑤
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Scene 2 Scene 1-A
Scene 1-B
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Shipai
Structure Analysis of Main Nodes
Combine the different spaces on the site according to the content of the design strategy to provide a more diverse leisure playing space for the children living in Shipai.
Ch cagi l d r e of e f r n e n the o m t e ir o w r t wn i n d h e ho o w s use
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How do them fit in with children's behavior?
Scene 1 9:00
Scene 2 11:00
Future Planning of Shipai
As the renovation of Shipai, there will be space set aside for the playing facilities, in order to make the best use of limited space to create more chances to play, According to traffic and population density , various types facilities will be set up year after year in Shipai, make its service scope to cover the whole village, giving children in each area a comfortable playground.
Playing facilities in each scenes are different, and each space meets different characteristics of children’s playing behavior, providing more opportunities for children of different ages to play at various times. Behavior charateristics extent represented by size
Scale of Shipai
Today
Existing area today
Close to nature Self-centeredness Dependence Single-minded Eager to learn Cybotaxis-centeredness Competitiveness
Existing area in 2030
Creativity
Play time
Scene 2
Large
There are butterflies in the flowers, so pretty!
0
Scene 1
I can come out and play with my friends even if it's raining! The water is clean, so I don't have to worry about getting dirty!
2030
3
Passing by here puts me in a very happy mood compared to the smelly rubbish heaps of old! Existing area in 2040
6 9
Space Requirement
12
2040
15
We won't be annoyed by the old people in the village anymore and we can finally have fun!
Scene 3 15:00
18 21
Here I can enjoy the warmth of the sun!
G
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e at 24h w ith w and ay th s Pl i w e ay Pl am g to ay e Pl los c et G ure t na n Ru i t ffi ra b im
Small
I n o rd e r t o e n h a n c e t h e brand value of Tianhe Sports Center business district in Guangzhou, it is necessary to accelerate the reconstruction and renovation of "village in the city" inTianhe, improve the rental rate and standard management degree. The whole Shipai Village will make room for development through the way of "ants moving", and establish a new village with complete functions of trade, residence and public facilities. In general, with the continuous development of the city, Shipai is also slowly shrinking.
It's a "secret base" for me and my mates, and it couldn't be better, as it's not disturbed by pedestrians in the street.
r
Large
0
Scene 3
3
I am the chivalrous man who can move from building to building.
6 9
Space Requirement
12 0
25
50
75
100m
15 18
Scene 4 17:30
Natural Type
Scene 5 20:00
Climbl Type
21
Hairy is the cutest chick I've ever had. Remember to put my Hairy back in his cage when you leave. This climbing passage leads to Ming's duck house, so I'll go there first. I hear he has a new pet duck and it's fat!
Public Type
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Universal coverage of playspace
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Small
Universal coverage of play facilities
Scene 5
Large
0
Scene 4
3 Whoa, whoa, whoa! I'm sliding down!
6
10 years later
20 years later
30 years later
9
Space Requirement
12 15 18
I'm ready to go home for dinner! See you tommorow.
I've only painted these today, I'm going to finish them tomorrow, it's like my little gallery!
21
ay Pl
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The Process of Reconstruction of Playing Area Public Type
Climbl Type
Natural Type
Existing Area
02 The World Of MADMAX
Location
Junior Year 2.2021-5.2021
The land after the ravages of nuclear war experienced a long nuclear winter, the shattered atmosphere led to intense ultraviolet radiation spawning desertification. How will the survivors rebuild civilisation and order in a harsh environment where only groundwater remains? The design uses qanats and biological sand fixation techniques to build a subterranean home with a water circulation system that will help to maximise the underground to above-ground transfer of nuclear radiation.
History of Mad Max
The main camp controls the underground water source and uses the water as a bargaining chip to gain the position of head of the three parties, where refugees from all sides gather.
Refugees are gathering here for water. The sun burns their skin, the air burns their lungs, and they continue to languish.
Th e l o c at i o n i s o n t h e southeast coast of Australia, at the foot of the Great Dividing Range, It is capable of being influenced by warm ocean currents and monsoons from the east.
The world went beyond the tipping point. The cities fell apart. It was anarchy...chaos. After a long nuclear winter, desertification sweeps through Australia .
One ordinary Wednesday, the power was turned off...
Drought
And it didn’t come back on again... That was a nuclear war.
In a fallen world ravaged by oil and water wars, humanity exists without law or mercy. All those who wander the Wasteland are ruled by a single imperative...survive!
Once oasis turned into toxic swamp
Environmental Status
Survivors' Situation
Temperature changes in the troposphere and stratosphere
Urgent Needs Food Health
Level of Urgency
D Aciffi hi cul ev ty in in g
After a long, cold nuclear winter, global temperatures are gradually rising as the dust clears, but with the ozone layer severely depleted, ultraviolet light and residual nuclear radiation ravaging life on Earth, surface water depletion, heat and dust storms... everything is still a nightmare.
Cooling zone 109
Food
people died in current
Average cooling variation
Clothes
Winter Spring & Fall
Air velocity
Summer
40
280
Days sfter nuclear explosion
600
Shelter
Shelter
Deaths
900day
Natural disasters and food scarcity left no time to build safe shelters, and people moved around in search of food and water, using only body-sized covers and sandy areas as shelter.
CI
TA
Habitat
Clothes
To shield their skin from the harmful effects of UV rays, people use woven plants or animal skins as clothing, but most people are not properly clothed.
Habitat
Laterite covered by sand Aquifer
Health
After a nuclear explosion, survivors have been suffering from radiation damage for generations and are suffering from illness, often waiting to die because of the lack of hygiene and adequate food and medical facilities.
Ozone layer intergrity
0
People feed on small desert reptiles or dead animal carcasses, a few are lucky enough to find fresh vegetables and the lack of water makes food processing impossible.
DE
L
Amount of rainfall
The red loam soil is covered with sand and gravel, the land is dead after the desertification and almost no grass grows, heat, dust storms and drought are the order of the day.
Concept
Turning Dunes Into Architecture
Design Strategy
By Biomineralizatioin
Qanat
Shelter
Strategy
Strategy
Existing Difficulties
Most of the survivors are sick and infirm, and do not have the ability to work consistently and intensively
In the end times, all resources are scarce, including the means of production
How Does It Works?
Construction of Qanat Qanat Channel Access Shaft
You pour Bacillus pasteurii onto a pile of sand, and it starts filling up the voids in between the grains. This is the process of biomineralisation, which is less energy intensive and environmentally friendly. Bacillus pasteurii is a high urease producing bacterium, with 1% of its cell dry weight made up of urease, which degrades urea at a high rate and crystallises by hydrolysing it in two steps:
The qanat’s water carring channel
Permits access to the qanat channel for construction and maintenance
Outlet
Culvert and dam demarcation point
1·Initial phase
>
CA +2HCO3-+2OH- ——— CACO3+2H2O
The weak sunlight intensity in the space in the canyon reduces the evaporation of water.
Shelter
Th e n at u ra l c o n c a v e t o p o g ra p h y facilitates the continuous growth of water storage.
Foods
Removal
Th e exc a v at e d s o i l was piled up on both sides of the canyon as the basis for the construction of the habitat space later on.
0 - 5 years
5 - 10 years
10 years later
Maintenance & Updates
construction
Qanat
construction
Maintenance & Updates construction
Irrigated Land Deaths Water Source Ecology
Through the construction and development of the Qanat, Shelter and the Irrigated Land in the canyon, the survivors gathered here are expected to have a new lease of life and their world is no longer in crisis, while new life is gradually sprouting. After solving the problem of food and clothing, people will focus on a better living environment.
Set of Possibility
3·Planting phase
Park
Activity Center
Forming Process
Clinic
The Bacillus Pasteurii and the nutrients they need are spread on the surface and they will start to act.
>
The irrigation Land i s t h e d o w n s t re a m storage part of the Qanat, where plants are gradually growing and spreading around the dams.
Advantages
Fast
Time line
2·Construction phase
In such an extreme environment, building shelters on sand dunes is no more a paper exercise. Through the mineralisation operations of Bacillus pasteurii, loose gravel can be turned into solid living space. And the size and shape of each space can be easily created by hand.
Development Overview
The low elevation of the site makes it the end point where the water in the qanats can reach smoothly by self-flow.
Forming Process
Excavation of a number of caves to provide sites for microbial mineralisation and to ensure that the caves can be ideally formed at a later stage.
CO(NH2)2+3H2O———2NH4++HCO3-+OH-
Recovery Plan
Site Selection by Reasons
Qanat diverts groundwater through the natural slope of a mountain and brings it to the surface to meet the needs of production and living in desert areas. Qanat is constructed in a system consisting of four components: Access shaft, Qanat channel , Outlet and a Dam. Qanat has a constant flow rate and ensure that the well water is self-flowing for irrigation. And binder produced by the biomineralisation used in the construction makes it more stable.
Exposure to the hot sun for long periods of time is not suitable in extreme weather conditions
2+
Irrigated land
Pouring Bacillus pasteurii onto sand, it starts filling up the voids in between the grains. A chemical process produces calcite, which is a kind of natural cement that binds the grains together. The whole cementation process takes about 24 hours.
Force & Stress Transfer In The Channel
Water Table Water source
Distribution
A network of dams, gates and channels is used to distribute the water
Plan Analysis Environmentally Friendly It's a natural process. It goes on in nature, and the bacteria die as soon as stop feeding them. So, there it is architectural anti desertification structures made from the desert itself.
The wind will carry the unsettled sand away and once the form is mostly secure, people can continue to refine the cave's form.
The analysis of several fission product nuclides remaining after a nuclear explosion and their radiological properties necessitates that more attention be paid to Cs137 and Sr90, which has a long half-life, in nuclear radiation protection.
Analysis of Radionuclide Enriched Plants
Expansion Process
Unaffected by surface temperature and seasonal variations
The distribution of the shelters tends to follow the course of the Qanats, often clustering away from the cisterns in the gorge and gradually moving up.
Public Space
Openness
Openness
Openness
Capacity
Capacity
Capacity
Natural
Natural
Entertaining
Entertaining
Micro Sport
Natural Entertaining
Collective Servise
Urban Equipment
As living standards rise and more needs are met, functional places are systematically added to the space, ranging from production, medical care to recreation, gradually replacing gaps in demand as time progresses to form a complete community.
45% -Reflectance w No
Transpiration increases 4% of air humidity
er
Aft
Temperatures rise by 2.3%
Blocking adverse winds
er
er
Aft
w
w
No
Aft
No
The microclimate is influenced by elements such as solar radiation, wind direction, vegetation and water bodies within the site, and thus has its own characteristics, with rainfall expected within the area as the ecology of the site gradually improves. Some years later, the site is capable of producing rainfall.
Why Shelter Applies? The sand dissipates heat quickly and the space is cool
Meet The Needs
Entertaining
Greenhouse
70% -Absorption
Clean water source and no sediment downstream
Bacillus pasteurii are capable of producing spores that remain dormant for decades. Once sufficient nutrients and calcium ions are available they will activate biocalcification.
Natural
Entertaining
Create a Micro-Climate
Widely scattered water points
Easy To Store
Capacity
Natural
Entertaining
Workshop
Abundant and constant groundwater sources Low cost excavation with simple equipment
Openness
Capacity
Natural
The people continued to modify the form of the cave until they were satisfied, and gradually moved into it.
Flood Dam Ventilation opening Why Qanat Applies?
Low Cost
Openness
Capacity
Nuclear Radiation Residue Analysis
Axonometric view
Bacillus pasteurii, a micro-organism that is readily available in wetlands and marshes. Only sufficient urea and calcium ions are needed at the right temperature to successfully cultivate them.
Openness
Low construction cost and time
High flexibility to cope with a wide range of space requirements
Safe
Water
Health
Environmentally friendly & No pollution
Green
Runoff Well Plants Plants
Water Circulation System
Groundwa ter
Infiltration
Dam
Irrigated Land Shelter
Living Water collection
Sand Alluvium
Entertainment
Qanat Recovery Plan
Workshop Warehouse
Water Table Bedrock
Qanat & Shelter
em
Through the use of abundant groundwater resources, an environmentally friendly and low cost water recycling system has been established that can use water to meet the basic physiological needs of people by self-flow. The groundwater is clean and uncontaminated by nuclear radiation, and it is able to avoid water loss to the greatest extent possible in the desert environment , and with the Qnant as a framework, the underground space for people to live is built.
n atio l u rc
t sys
Dir
i rc
ate ndw
rou
G
ect
in flow
B
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Pur i
g
& AC
fied
for
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er Wat
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gri
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Wa ter und
occ
up
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Wat
er
Sto
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Car tr
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at m
ent
& mem
b
e ra n
filtr
at i o
n
t men t a re
Ret
m o o R t
inEgquipmen v i L an
Activity Center
b
sere u o eh Natu
Qan
+ Wgarirculture A
at
Ch
ann
Cle an W ater Usa ge
Bu Co
el
n atios
ificervice
Poullerctive S
nkh
lle
cti
ve
This is a ground floor space with light openings to guarantee the brightness of the open space.
ous
Se
rvi
e
ce
s
Bunk House
C
Acc Gray Wate r Re cycl ing
ess
Sha
ft
p
This is the underground living room where they can easily use the clean groundwater to cleanse their bodies.
in mp
g fr
om
und
e rg
ro u
nd
l Wel
idg
The underground storage space, which stores clean filtered g ro u n d w at e r, ensures that p e o p l e ' s high water consumption.
Ur
pum
s
Water Storage
t
se N atu
Bio
A
hou
abo
st Wa Fi l t
Wgoriculture
er
ipm
by
n atio
otpure h s rk +Na
nE
on
Pu
u
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Q
Gro
ivit
sum
t ana
fSel
Act
con
rat
ion
of s
olid
imp
uri
er Wat y re
ties
G
e
e pac S g
n
Livi
e pip ter ipe Wa ge p a Sew
alysis
5-
10
1-
5
0.1
After a long nuclear winter, the haze clears, the ozone layer is unable to withstand the intense ultraviolet radiation, and life on land is decimated.
0
-1
（year）
(m
)
I131
25
Dm147
Radionuclide Half-lives
Gossypium
Ba140
365days
Juglan L
t ten con r ter aye Wa f soil l o
s regia
0
5-
10
5 1-
30years
1-5
5 - 10
＞ 10(m)
Cs137
10
10years
20 0.1
0.1 - 1
Water content of soil layer
24h
Sr90 ＞1
5
Cs134
Ce144 The gorge has gradually evolved into an ecological green forest, which plays an important role in improving the water cycle in the space.
I133
Sr89
Sand-f
ixing p
Survivors use biomineralisation to modify the terrain for habitable spaces and water storage.
) - 1(m
15
Vegetatio Analysis n
hus Zizip juju ba 1 0.
l. Mil
1
ast ati c
a
-1 5
An
-5
Water of soilcontent layer
L.
ine
ma
x(
Lin
n.)
Fl Sa
tur
d ate
Co
Me
rr.
strum
L.
Lonicera japonica Thunb.
um Cinnamom Presl (L.) camphora
Ligu
um
lucid
ei r tun iet for t D ria tto e e m O pto ex Cry renk oib o H
aitmionp C e nd
enw
Co
ndi
Bpalasnd Co U
ay
tion
adnitidon l p ro Con
ion
Cpland U
Healthy Communities Healthy Ecology
Saturated Condition
Th lan erm ce op ol sis at a
ia f. ch k. its oo elw s H W bili ira m
am
it nd
)
um
ays
D ood
(m
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ditio
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Con
os er
tub
Mes
belt
nd Upla
0.1 - 1
um lan
n Gree
-1
At this time the survivors had relatively safe homes and they became concerned about the role of plants in improving the environment.
So
Survivors began to grow crops and raise livestock to meet their higher material needs.
Mesic Condition
Upland Condition
lants
alop Sopho ecu ra roid es L .
Wa of ter co s oi l la y
Bioan
The ravine takes advantage of the low altitude and depressed topography as an above-ground water storage space for the Qanat, which becomes a gradually growing oasis and provides a good environment for people to survive. It was not until the growth of the trees had blocked out the sunlight that people gradually moved out and the area became a truly healthy ecosystem with farmland, forest, wetlands,free from human intervention and a space where an important part of the water cycle took place.
10
Beta vu lgaris L.
Irrigated Land
＞
It will take 20 years to decontaminate contaminated soil to the desired level.
Recovery Plan
High
6:00
7:00
Diversification in time Stabilized maintenance/enhanced biodiversity
1st planting
2nd planting
3rd planting
10:00 Herb
Hexinia polydichotoma
Cichorium intybus L.
Amaranthus retroflexus L. Chloris virgata Sw.
Tamarix hispida Willd.
Early each morning, after a brief meal, people begin to prepare themselves for the daily work.
11:00
14:00
Greenhouse In the greenhouse, crops are grown on a large scale. Once harvested, they will be stored in underground warehouses.
17:00
Warehouse
Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.
Low
Adenium obesum.
Haloxylon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.) Bunge
YR 1 Industrial/ commercial crop
19:00
Extraction of Plant
People take a lunch break to eat lunch, take a nap and chat to refresh themselves for the afternoon's work.
Water Storage
Workshop In the workshops, people produce tools and all the things they can use to build their homes.
As dusk approaches, people leave their work to fetch water to take back to their places of residence to prepare dinner.
0-25 Years
Turbine Generator
Caragana intermedia Kuang et H.C.Fu Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.
Huge herb
Zea mays L.
YR 35 Edible/officinal
90
Sr Enriched plants
YR 50 137
Cs Enriched plants
Others
Types of Phytoremediation Curing technology of Plant
Activity Center
Populus euphratica Oliv.
Nitrogen fixation/ sand binder
Living Area People return from their work to spend time with their families in their homes.
Plant transpiration
Reducing the activity of a radionuclide by using plants resistant to that radionuclide, thereby reducing the potential for further contamination of the environment by leaching of radionuclides into the groundwater of the island or by airborne dispersion.
The use of hyperaccumulating plants of a certain radionuclide transports the radionuclide out of the soil, enriches and transports it to the absorbable parts of the plant roots and to the above-ground parts, where it is treated after the plant has been harvested, e.g. for fuelwood. Continuous cultivation of such plants can reduce the level of radionuclides in the soil to acceptable levels. Evaporation through the foliage of radionuclides absorbed from the soil by plants that are able to take up excessive amounts and accumulate heavy metals or radionuclides in their bodies by transpiration
25-50 Years
As the harsh conditions on the ground were gradually alleviated, some people moved to the surface to live.
Steam
Over 50 Years Injection
Hot Water
A b u n d a n t geothermal energy resources in southeastern Australia provide energy for lighting.
People gradually moved back to the surface
Vertical farming in underground spaces w i t h l i g h t f ro m g e o t h e r m a l e n e rg y generation
Eucalyptus tereticornis Smith
Helianthus annuus L.
YR 20 Radionuclide enriched plants
Vicia faba L.
Jatropha curcas L.
A. venetum L.
Arbor
Underground warehouses make it easier to preserve foodstuffs by virtue of their low temperature and dryness.
Brassica juncea
Crop
Shrub
Bunkhouse
Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.
phaseolus acutifolius latifolius
Beta vulgaris
An increasing variety of public facilities are being added to enhance the quality of life in everyday spaces, such as waterfront activity areas, observation decks, storage areas, waste collection pointsd.
03 Virtuous City
Junior Year 5.2021-8.2021
Carbon Emission
Grain Production Costs & Average Energy Consumption in Hubei Province
Since the closure of the city, due to the food crisis in Wuhan, various provincial departments have been actively performing their duties and coordinating their dispatch to protect the needs of all regions, especially Wuhan, and have been working hard to keep production and life smooth and orderly while strengthening the prevention and control of the epidemic.
Wuhan was lockdown to control the spread of the Covid-19 when the first round of the epidemic hit the city. During this phase, the supply of food became a problem that was solved by the involvement of the whole country. The design involves interaction design to solve the problems of urban food self-sufficiency and distribution in the post-epidemic and post-migration era through urban vertical farms and a mechanised transport system.
Background Information
-0.5
Experts recommend b l o c k a d i n g Wu h a n , which is for the good of the world.
Covid-19
January 23, the day before the Chinese Lunar New Year's Eve. More than 9 million people stayed in the city.
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0 (kgce/kg)
SOC from straw return
SOC from the application of nitrogen fertilizer
Nitrogen fertilizer production and transport
Fuel emissions from machinery operations
SOC from no-till
Straw burning emissions
Methane emissions from rice fields
Others
0 Diesel
100
200 Electricity
300 Pesticides
400
500
Fertilizer
600 Cash cost
700 (Kcal/kg) Manpower costs
You cannot pass this way.
Distribution of administrative districts & population size Population
The area has been cordoned off and you will not be allowed to leave your homes, food will be delivered to you to prevent the gathering of the virus.
Be sure to come early next time
Main activity area
How long do I have to wait to get my food?
Fresh Market & Logistics Centralized Warehouse
There is a shortage of food within the city of Wuhan, with large quantities of food in short supply. At the same time, logistics have come to a near standstill due to community traffic controls, couriers are unable to access them easily due to the potential threat of virus transmission.
Agricultural and fresh produce markets Logistics centralised warehouse
Tic ！
Our delivery staff have a heavy workload every day.
Fresh food markets such as Wuhan South China Seafood Market, Beijing Xinfa Di and cold chain transport have frequently become sources of epidemic infection, causing public concern about the safety of fresh food.
Transportation Highways Provincial Roads Railways National Roads MTR
The food was mouldy because of untimely delivery… The food delivery has been overdue for an hour!
I would love to have a great meal !
2
(kg/hm ) 6500
Current status of agriculture in Wuhan
(kg2) 2500 2000
6250
6000
1500
Grain yields
1000
Urban built-up land area 5750
Grain Beverage Fruit Live poultry Provinces giving assistance
FMCG Vegetables
Fa c e d w i t h t h e s u d d e n outbreak of the epidemic, shortage of supplies became a problem that Wuhan had to face in the fight against the epidemic, and provinces across the country rushed to gather supplies and manpower to support Wuhan.
Urban & rural distribution
500
Urban Development Zone (2035) 5500 2000
Fruit Products
2002
Maize
2004
2006
2008
2010
Sugar crops Grain crops
2012
2014
2016
0
Townships and Natural Spaces (2035)
2020 Status of Food Supply & Transport in Wuhan
Oil crops Aquatic products Beverages Flour products Vegetables
Urban Circle Arable land Arable land 2020 2008
Intra-provincial transport routes
Out-of-province transport routes
Blocked routes
Sub-centres New Town Centre
Town Centre
0 10
20 30
40 50
100 km
1 Food Waste
Distribution Process Analysis Food Delivery Phenomena
Business Volume Growth of Chinese Express Delivery Companies From 2014 to January 2020 (Billion pieces)
The Proportion of National Food Logistics & Transportation Problems
600
Insufficient supply of fresh food
Lack of home survice
40%
Cold Storage Warehouse
400
Insufficient category
20% 200
China Express Business Volume
0
0% 2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2
Slow l ogistic
60%
Growth Rate
Select Product
Information
Online
58%
Few online channels
Good quality
Jan 2020
before the coronavirus
Few delivery staff
after the coronavirus
Cold Chain Transport
Offline
hardly
Organic food Good quality Imported products Discount Cheap Various Home delivery Save time
Why consumers choose to buy online?
22%
less
ordinary
usually
Cold Chain Transport Cold Chain Transport
Cold Chain Transport
Supermarket
Distribution Center
Cold Chain Transport
3 Grain Farming
always
Proportion of Chinese Residents' Online Shopping in Total Volume
Cold Chain Transport
Food Storage
Residential Area
Self-pickup Equiment
Cold Chain Transport
Transport
A
Shared Vegetable Plot
B
Roof Farm
C
Balcony Farm
D
Vertical Farm
I
Center Farm
J
Community Farm
K
Featured Farm
4 Food Transportation E
Air Transportation
F
Water Transportation
G
Ground Transportation
H
Underground Transportation
L
Underground Rall Transportation
M
Underground Pipeline Transportation
N
Cold Chain Transportation
Residential Area
B Roof & C Balcony Farm
D Vertical Farm
Especially in times of epidemics, food self-sufficiency becomes critical, and ways must be found to meet the food needs of progressively growing urban populations.
As a new concept with the advantages of convenience and resource saving, it can realize s m a l l - s c a l e c u l t i v at i o n , b u t cannot meet large-scale basic food demand.
A new indoor growing method that uses soilless solution cultivation to greatly reduce energy costs while being able to provide more food.
I Center & J Community Farm
E Air & F Water & G Ground Transportation
Cold Storage Warehouse
Self-pickup Equipment
Supermarket
Central Business District
A Shared Vegetable Plot
The central farm and the community are combined, with the central farm providing basic food that is sent to the community and the community farm growing specialty foods.
The main mode of transport, affected by the weather, traffic. Future development direction for intelligent transportation, drones, etc.
Food Purchase
Distribution Center
Food Purchase
H Underground Transportation
L Underground Rall Transportation
M Underground Pipeline Transportation
This is a new concept of transportation and supply system for solid goods through transportation paths such as large diameter underground pipes and tunnels.
It is a new concept of transportation and supply system for solid goods through large diameter underground pipes, tunnels and other transportation paths.
Airtight pipeline, which can rea l i z e v a c u u m h i g h - s p e e d transportation, has a large cost. It can be considered for smallscale use.
Food Transport
Food Transport
Users‘ Behavior Testing Online Agricultural product purchase
Software download
Design Strategy
Offline
Online registration
View the planting process
Select goods
Extremely fast transportation in underground with precision.
Route guidance
Buying advice
But now it will be smarter and more sustainable!
Baggage storage
View the planting process
Select goods
Automatic identification and sorting
Buying advice Outset
Comfirm an order
Place an order
Online payment
Commodity packing
Traditional agriculture covers a very large area, and in the near future, urban expansion will take up almost all of the arable land.
Checkout payment
Vertical farms are dispersed at specific stations based on the metro transportation network, and the food is distributed to the surrounding communities.
Agricultural product experience
Planting System Advanced online appointment
Advanced online appointment
Operation guide
Operation guide
Transportation System
Rain , Sunshine & Air
+325m
Passengers are separated from the cargo Shape Generation
Online planting /feeding
Pack and harvest
View growth status in real time
Wear propective gear
Planting
Logistics and transportation
Fill in delivery address
Full logistics progress monitoring
Ta k e a s c e n i c elevator ride all the way up to see not only the wellorganized crops g ro w i n g i n t h e vertical farm, but also the view of the city from the top observation deck.
Paassengers walking to generate electricity Walking Routes
Dust Pay the fee
3.6mv3
+200m
Self pick-up / drone delivery
Complete the order
Harvest
Vegetable & Fruit Farming
50 floors
0.35kg
1 person per day
r cy icit
cle
yc
e
tc ba
hp
ng
nti
lan
ng
tin
Animal Husbandry
g
Energy & Nutrient Transmission
ycle
w at er &
fe rti liz er
fe ed
er at w
ctr
Larg
n
ori
pla
er at w
&
er l iz rti fe
Ele
cha
nit
d ize
& er l iz rti fe
ed fe
te Wa
Me
cle
mo
A
Orbital Space Operation
+100m
w ra
ck ba ed fe
l ia er at m
n tio uc od pr
Purchase Products
Grain Cultivation Subway & Distribution Center
l ia ck er at ba m ed w fe ra on ti uc od pr n tio rta po ns tra
e Larg
niz
ed
pla
ba
p tch
ntin
lan
±0m
e th of
H e re y o u c a n h a n d pick the freshest fruits and vegetables and buy freshly harvested eggs and meat that are safe and tasty!
g in ild bu
lan
Consumers Receive
Recycling
Agricultural Production
Mechanized loading and unloading sorting
Citizen Participation
B B
Separation & Activity Nodes
B B Vegetable & Fruit Farming
B
Bottom Cargo Space
Bazaar & Building Entrance The food delivery channels are distributed according to the subway lines, so that the food can be delivered on the same schedule as the subway. Not only cost saving but also extremely efficient.
Transport Carriage
Subway & Distribution Center
Citizen Participation
Subway Line
-50m
Grain Cultivation
Neighborhood
Online Offline
I initially designed the user experience environment for the system and refined the design of the vertical farm and underground transport system by testing user behaviour.
Water circulation
g in a e ad r lo A n U
hp
g
ting
Energy Sources
ff -o a p re ro A D
atc
ntin
lf se ur yo
eb
pla
up
c
Larg
ed
ck pi
Me
iz han
Full cold-chain insulation
Animal Husbandry
Community Station
m tto bo
Distribution Center
Magnetic module B, can be connected with the magnetic module A and transported by subway power. After the subway arrives, the magnetic module B is separated from the magnetic module A and the refrigerated cargo containers are loaded and unloaded, waiting for the next subway for relay transportation.
Farming Experience Zone
g
ting
tra ns po rta tio n
cha
Here you can not only experience the fun of farming, picking their favorite fruits, but also meticulously observe the whole process of intelligent technology monitoring the growth of plants and how robots harvest different crops and processed food. There is nothing better than seeing and experiencing to grasp the knowledge of agriculture.
n ai e M Sit
e lin pe pi
Me
pi pe lin e
pu rc ha pu se rc tra ha ns se po in rta fo rm tio n at io n
Packaging Processing & Sorting
Processing & Packing Center
Track
The biomimetic skin of the building studied from the unique feature of Banana Slug’s skin, and it is accomplished by creating a duble-lager membrane.It can be adaptively adjusted to weather changes with reference to its principles.
Farming Experience Zone
Animal Husbandry
Magnetic module A, can be attached to the subway and also transported away from the independent energy system of the subway car.
The size of a vertical farm depends on the demand of the population that can be reached by the service area.
Several vertical farms are located at the main nodes of the metro line network. The total amount of food production in all vertical farms is determined by the food demand of the population in the city, and a new round of agricultural and livestock production is adjusted and implemented on a daily basis according to the reality of the situation.
er at w
Term
y al c
ess
Subway Passenger Sapce
5024m2 251200m2
Grain Cultivation
& er l iz rti fe c Pro
The different floor heights are adapted to the space required for growing plants of different heights, while meeting the different needs of agriculture and animal husbandry for sunlight, and the spiral slope reduces the need for transportation power.
Scale
Full logistics commodity monitoring
Vegetable & Fruit Farming
Bottom magnetic link device
Fill in expected delivery time
Delivery massage reminder
Upper subway passenger
Sightseeing
+300m
Send by logistics / take it home
Pack and harvest
Send by logistics
Interact with/ feed animals
It is so convenient!
Starting Off
Planting System
A . Water System
C . View System
Warm Moist Air
Internal Oxygen Bar
Rain Water
Rainwater Collection
Follow Me!
Water Filtration
Bar Screen Grit Separation Charcoal
Low Pressure
Fine Screening
1
Bioreactor
2
Membrane Tank
3
Disinfection
4
Experiencing
Lift
Turbine Power
Fertilizer Sewage Water
You look like you have a good appetite today! Let me groom you…
B . Product Chain tom
at i
c
est
ing
Fertilizer & Water
D . Recycle System Grain Cultivation
Interactive Experience Zone
Science Expo Zone Fe rti liz er
Shopping
Slid e
Fermentation
Straw
Fe ed s
Fl
us
h
g in
al
on
g
th
e
slo
pe
Sightseeing Elevator
Checkout Area
t or sp n a Tr ral Spi
Shopping Area
After Fermentation
st Harve
at io n
Au
rv Ha
Planting Experience Zone
Pneumatic Lifts (AirLifts)
Farming Experience Zone
Glass High Pressure
Aquaculture Zone
Hydroponic Zone
Water
Visit the planting and harvesting process
Hello, Mr. Robot! Weigh 1000 grams of apples and 800 grams of strawberries for me… Oh...you're so quick!
Animal Husbandry Au
tom
at e
dP ack
Re ing
act
ion
tan
k
Top floor Sightseeing
e Sal For y d Rea
Transportation System
Main Site
Drop-off Area
PAVEGEN
Link Device
Unloading Area
In the future, as the city expands, the number of vertical farms will increase to meet the need for an adequate and stable source of food for the population. The vertical farms will be spread over a wide network of metro lines, gradually covering all of the city with their food supply and services. In a few years' time, the city will be self-sufficient in food and will not be affected by problems related to food supply and distribution in the event of an epidemic.
Zhongnan Road Station
Transport pipes connecting the surrounding residential areas are carried under specific underground stations, and the cargo containers are disconnected from the upper passenger carriages upon arrival at the station, allowing sufficient time for the robotic arm to unload the
goods and tranfer them to the pipeline which leads to every specific residential area. The rest of the goods will be transported to the next station by the next train that passes through. During transport and loading, the goods are kept refrigerated and unmanned.
A. Drop-off Area
B. Link Device
1 Tube Track
2 Magnetic Link Device
Carriage Subway Passenger
Xiaodongmen Station
During the opening of the metro traffic, passengers walk on special floor tiles of the drop-off area.
C. PAVEGEN Footstep
PAVEGEN
Energy
D. Unloading Area
Data
Pangxiejia Station
2
Pavegen Creates high engagement with citizens by converting their footsteps into energy, data and rewards.
3 1
1 Cargvo Container 2 Robotic Arms 3 Pipleline
During unloading, the robotic arm transfers the goods to the transport pipeline, where they are transported through the frozen pipeline to the community points for pick-up.
Underground Lines Residential Areas In The Future Transport Pipeline In The Future Residential Areas Today Transport Pipeline
Service Coverage & Future Scenario Wuchang District, Wuhan
Timeline of Buriganga
04 Usage & Specification Of The Spatial Environment Dhaka has grown along the north bank of the Buriganga River but in the three last decades it has turned into one of the most polluted and unhealthy rivers in the world. A large number of tanneries discharging, and improper disposal of domestic waste leads to a serious threat to the health of the people who depend on the Buriganga. This design optimises the development of the ecological and human structure in the spatial grouping by phytoremediation, the combined application of ecological spaces, pollution treatment and dynamic system improvements through the design of 3 nodes.
Bangladesh
200
400
2000(m)
17th century
18th century
19th century
20th century
Population Income Pollution Ecology
Population Income Pollution Ecology
Population Income Pollution Ecology
Population Income Pollution Ecology
City Boundary
Site Overview 0
Senior Year 8.2021-11.2021
Flow of surface waste
Embankment
Impact zone by plastic waste
Main-flood zone
Buriganga River
Urban area
2020s
Population Income Pollution Ecology
Affected area
Population Income Pollution Ecology
Factories
Analysis of Main Nodes
Dhaka Sub-flood zone
2010s
Current State of Pollution 0
Node 1
Concentration (μg / L) Water sampling locations
250
500
1000m
Node 2
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
0
10
20
40 m
0
Node 3
250
500m
Main Sluice Gate
In the process of transporting and dumping waste, there is a large amount of waste leaking into urban space, while waste collectors pick through the exposed piles of waste for suitable items.
West Polashi Campus Field
Babu bazar Ghat Suhrawardy Hall
Secondary Transfer Station
Inorganic Waste
Visits to Buriganga River
Hazaribagh
College of Leather Engineering
Market Place
Organic Waste
Hazardous Material Waste Waste
Azimpur Govt. Girls' School & College Azimpur Maternity Hospital
Palashi Waste Transport Station Dr.M.A. Rashid Hall
Palashi Waste Transport Station
Civil Surgeon Office
A'
Hazaribagh
Residential use Tannery area
Dhaka City
A
C'
B
Lead
Cadmium
Copper
C
Chromium Potential use of facility
Use of the river
Concentration
Environmental concern Closure of recreation facilities Too much navigation Loss of flow & navigability Others
RivLack of fish & aquatic lifeerside
Fishing Water collection Business Bathing & washing Shopping Navigation Recreation Others Water transport Use of access road Jogging & walking Fishing Recreation Riverside visit Water sports Use of water Water pollution Encroachments Untreated effluents Not concerned Lack of fish & aquatic life
Texile industry
50
Emission Waste
In the last twenty years, a convergence of unregulated industrial expansion, rural-to-urban migration, encroachment of the rivers, overloaded infrastructure, fragmented institutional responsibility for growth of slums with no regard for planning laws.
ste Solid wa
50 30
Liquid waste 10
0
The leather industry has considerable potential for development using Dhaka’s large supply of low-cost labour and high-quality raw materials. But instead of development, the Bangladeshi leather sector has been struggling due to environmental compliance issues and continually declining exports.
Flood
Pb
Sb Al
Dyes
Elemental fever,
Household
Hazardous gases
Oil
Waste Transport Station
Municipal Collection Point
Vomiting,
landfill
Heart damage,
Abdominal pain, Anaemia,
inefficient
Miscarriages, leachate
Cardiovascular diseases,
Wood, grass
dumping burning
Coma,
Door-to-door Mixed Waste Collector
Mixed Waste
Hypertension,
Waste Picker
Subsistence
As a low-elevation city with a tropical monsoon climate, Dhaka has a long history of river flooding as a natural hazard. Rapid, unplanned urbanization and the gradual filling up of low-lying flood plains, rivers, canals, and other water bodies traditionally used to drain or retain water during rainfall have exacerbated the problem.
Sleepiness,
100
200
inefficient
Leg cramps & paralysis,
300 (μg/m3)
D deevar var io io
C M P N N S deerato ha ono craonte indymp nuelum moalvin sta ch cife b me ph ssipder ica ho les ia ta oria ide rsu yll ra o ta esuia s m um min i
A dorund na o x
Drains outlet
Waste could be mobilised by rain and wind, or by people dumping waste directly into rivers. In wet season, floods cause plastic waste to be displaced.
Without flood defences With flood defences
Quantity of plastic waste
Classification of plastic waste
(t/day) 600 400 200
Untreated
2005
Recycables Money
Weathering & external forces
TSP
Threats Coma,
Plastic solubles Vinyl chloride
Neurasthenia,
Styrene
Leukemia,
Heart disease,
Bisphenol A
Diabetes mellitus,
Nonylphenol
Neurotoxia,
Phthalates
Recycables Shop
Single-use Others
Landfill
2020
recycled
Door-to-door Recycables Buyers
Polythene bags
River Open street
Recycled
disorder
Death.
Nitric oxide
A P mombly soupntiu la ph ho s ary re ng od on
40%
Weakness,
0
M tenystu ga s ra
Discharged plastic products
Hair loss,
30 (mg/m3)
Benzene gas Hydrogen sulfide
C chahagu gu niu nio s
0
Sterility,
2020
Dhaka is faced with many direct threats to biodiversity with accelerating economic development, growing population, land grabbing, congested housing, tree felling, and toxic fumes leading to extreme pollution and poor quality of life.
G giulosso ris go biu s
D H N bicend leualiae athycty olo roc co etu ert orn ryp s on is r ygn i hu a s
r through drains ts reach rive produc lastic ed p harg c is D
Classify
Rheumatoid athritis,
Bleach
20
A baythy eri a
Plastic waste Waste deposits Sludge
Mental disorders,
10
T poufted cha rd
Ba
Liver & kidney damage,
Lime
0
H leualiae co etu ryp s hu s
Acute renal failure,
Textile
2015 2020 2000
Reduced Biodiversity
Dermatitis,
800 (g/L)
Source
100 ( μg /L)
Plastic Waste
2010
400
Asthma,
Nervous system damage,
Sulfide
Gaseous Pollutant
Slow Growth
2005
200
10
Co
Lung cancer,
Gastrointestinal haemorrhage,
Others
Problems
2000
Pneumonitis,
c Plasti
0
Cd
Peripheral vascular disease,
Observed metal ranges from the sewage
150
Health Problems
Commercial Mixed use Plastic waste dump
Carcinoma of testis,
PBDEs
Breast cancer,
Colorants
Gender disorder
Environmental Status DO(mg/L)
3
1200 1000
2
800
1
600
0
400 pH
600
400
1000
Rainfall (mm)
Rainfall (mm)
Cyclone Track
River Buriganga
500
300 200 200
800
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
2000
8
6.5
Magnolia
Acacia arabica
0
Corchorus olitorius
Nymphoides indica
Nelumbo Trachelospermum nucifera jasminoides
Salvinia molesta
Areca catechu
Ceriops decandra
Bambusa polymorpha
Mangifera indica
Ipomoea violacea
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Alternanthera Monochoria philoxeroides hastata
Arundo donax
Musa cavendishi
Syzygium cumini
Hibiscus Magnolia
BOD (mg/L)
200
200
Haliaeetus leucoryphus
160 120
100
80
50
40
0 J A S O N D
Mystus tengara
0
100 0
Mangifera indica
Heritiera fomes
1000
Rainfall (mm)
Temperature(°C)
30
Nypa fruticans
7
J F M A M J
200
Currents in wet seasons
9
150
0
0
Eichhornia crassipes
3000
COD (mg/L)
200
Ceratophyllum Pontederia demersum crassipesumini
EC(μS/cm)
10
600 400
Areca catechu
Age
River Buriganga
1200
Musa cavendishi
Centropus sinensis
Nyctyornis athertoni
Anaciaeschna Gecarcinucidae jaspidea
Dendrocygna bicolor Amblypharyngodon mola
Glossogobius Devario devario giuris Puntius sophore
Chagunius chagunio
Aythya baeri
Botaurus stellaris
Eichhornia Macrobrachium crassipes dolichodactylus
River tortoise Pethia ticto
Tufted pochard
Pelusios
Centropus andamanensis Melursus ursinus Tufted pochard
Macrobrachium Varanus rosenbergii bengalensis
Macaca mulatta Canis aureis
25 20 15
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
Upland Community
Stream corridor
Back Swamp
Seasonal Flooded Plant Zone
Dry Evergreen Plant Zone
Characteristic of workers
Leather Export From Hazaribagh
<18
2016
31-40
40+ <16
18-34
0
100
200
Occupation(taka) 8000 10000 12000
300
Others Service
35-59
No work
Daily wage-earner
60+ year-old
Household
Look for job
Others
<2000
Daily working hours
8-9
6-7
Lo w
Business CommunicationAgri
Income(taka)
4100-5000 >5000
ho us er en t
d lan eap Ch
Attractive reason of migration
Better business opportunity
Space requirement
No work Business Household
Living Area
Recreation Area
Transportation
Commercial Place
Insdustry Service 0
3100-4000 Household
60+ year-old
Transport
2000-3000 10+
35-59
Business Government employed
400
Income(taka)
18-34
Caretaker
Leather Footwear Leather products
2014
16-30
Characteristics of residents
Private employed
2018
2012
Student
Characteristics of residents
2020
to Close e ac workpl
4
1400
Demographic Analysis
TDS(mg/L) 1600
Living single Living with family
10
20
30
Plastic Pollution
0 10
cts du Pro er Pap
C-C'
ble ta ge Ve
10 0
Bladder cancer,
nery tan
aka Dh in on n) lati lio pu (mil Po
15 0 5
Ti
Sodium sulphite, Chromium sulphate Ammonium sulphide, Ammonium chloride, Sodium bisulphate, Sodium chlorite
1
Basis of Waste Collection
&
Liquid Waste
) 0(T 20 0 15
10
B-B'
od Fo
ga an rig Bu ss cro nt g a on) sife m re ste livin illi on (m e of e sy lati g pu ta ag ) Po en ew % rc s ( Pe sing u
15
10
5
20 20
ery tann
15
Hyperpigmentation, Skin cancer,
0
ry dust le in Texi
20
0
As
Diarrhoea,
Fe
2015
Threats
300 (kg/t)
Observed main chemicals from the waste
(20μg L-1)
Cu
200
Leather Triming Animal Flesh Sludge & Dust
Rb
Solid Waste
00 20 (T) 25
A-A'
Se
100
Hair
mean upstream mean Hazaribagh mean downstream
Cr
2010
2005
0
Salts
Liquid Waste
River Sections View
Pollution and loss of navigability has forced thousands, including fisher people, to take to street vending and other trades. Skin and gastrointestinal ailments, hypertension and jaundice among people living near the river are also caused by environmental degradation of the Buriganga.
Residential use Recreation use
Residential use
Section View
Keraniganj
Housing Constraint
Rubbish Dump
Biology Analysis
Sadarghat
All the toxic wastewater eventually makes its way into the Buriganga River, which is considered to be Dhaka’s lifeline. The leather and leather-goods industry is a major and widely acknowledgedpolluter responsible for dumping an estimated 22,000 cubic meters of environmentally hazardous waste. Thousands of people depend on the river daily. Today, the river has suffered extreme biodiversity loss .
Mixed use
Water Logging Internal Flood
Leachate Analysis
Badamtoli Ghat
Hundreds of vans come here with waste everyday dumping it on the river bank and wait for collecting truck to take the waste to the dumping station. While discarded plastic products reach rivers and lakes through drains. Especially in the rainy season, the rain washes a lot of plastic waste upstream to this area.
Pollution
Hazaribagh Downstream
Solid Waste
Cencentration after % reduction of tanneries (μg L-1)
Babu Bazar Ghat As over 7,000 of leather, texile and garments-cum dying factories are situated on the bank of the Hazaribagh, they discharge heavy loads of waste into the river without treatment.
Engineering Unversity Girls’School and College
Mixed use Institution Drainage stream
Drainageline
B'
Palashi Waste Transfer Station
Node 1
Design Strategy
Node 2
Functional Zones
Waste management
Hazaribagh Industrial Park
Node 3
Block Design Analysis
River clean-up
Collection
Upstream
Cleaning up and managing upstream waste pollution
Node 1 Node 2
25
Mangifera indica L.
Mixed commercial & residential use Cultural organisation
Leucas aspera
Tannery
Physalis angulata L.
Downstream
Market place
Cleaning up existing rubbish in the river
Sewage outlet
Removal of silt from the river
Commercial
Exhaust port
Commercial
Residential collection point
Tannery
Without leaking
Transport network
Floats lightly on the water Speeds up water flow and reduces sediment and plastic waste heap
Leaking Push-flow aerator
Tannery
Step 1 Rigid barge
Foundation can support up to three additional floor
Large-scale tannery
Adequate ventilation
Water body
Consumotion
Broken System
Discard
Decomposer
Closed-Loop Ecological System
Collection
Sorting
Grille Filtration
Organic fertilizer
Pioneer Plants
Carbon credit Electricity CHP sales
Nerium oleander
Pioneer of Restoration Rhododendron simsii Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.)Spreng. Sedum alfredii
Step 4
Urban Green Lung
70 times higher dust absorption capacity than the ground,absorbing approx. 29 m2 of dust per tree.
Sophora japonica
Resistant to toxic gases such as sulphur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, chlorine and soot.
As
Zn
Cd
Cr
Mn
Cu
Commercial Area
Hg
Mangifera indica L. Bauhinia blakeana Dunn
Protection
Transpiration
Strong resistance to sulphur dioxide, Nerium oleander carbon dioxide and chlorine.Absorbs
Shield from sun,rain, thermal & noise fluctuations
Solar Electricity
Estimated power output from a 4kW rated system 5150kW/m2/yr
5g of dust per square of leaf surface.
Hibiscus syriacus Linn.
Pb
Ipomoea nil Canna indica
Air Purifier Ficus altissima
Natural detoxifier,resistant to sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide and chloride as well as strong dust retention close to 1 g per m2 average weekly.
Submersible mixer
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle Pteris cretica var. nervosa Thunb.
21,600 m3 of tannery treated effluent per day
Hibiscus syriacus Linn.
21,600 m of tannery treated effluent per day 3
Air Quality
Aeration Tank
Tannery Area
Hydrangea macrophylla
Uniform Emission
Uniform Emission
Aerobic zone
Oxidation Tank
Hibiscus syriacus Linn.
Carbon credit
Waste-to-energy Plant
Transpiration Absoption
Composting plant
Fertilizer
Sophora japonica
Bottom ash
43° WINTER SOLSTICE Rainwater Cycle
Eco-Restore
Air bubbles
Gas Gas
This one way to create a closed-loop ecological system that do not rely on matter exchange with any part outside the system.In this manner, over 95% of the original waste quantity is recycled either as raw material or energy.
Sewage filtration plant
Grille Filtration
Community
Recyclable
Contamination residual adsorption Polluted
Chrome tanning wastewater
Primary Ingredient
Iris tectorum
Pollution management Sulphur-containing wastewater
Production
89° SUMMER SOLSTICE
Step 3
After
Pteris cretica var.nervosa Thunb.
Commercial Area Value
Block Design Analysis
Organic waste
Sedum alfredii
Waste-to-value Ecosystem Solution
Distribution
Biogas Plant
Habitat
Ficus altissima Bauhinia blakeana Dunn
Canna indica
Step 2 Abandoned
Tannery Area
Purchase
Discard
Consumer
Landfill & Incinerator
Activity space
Residential Area
Pennisetum alopecuroides(L.)Spreng.
Compressor before
Greenfield
Refurbishment
Payment
Recycling
Residents provide infill as their circumstances require
Residential Area
Producer
Value
Waste incineration Waste recycling
Recreational space
Class III Road
Consumer
Eco-barge
Waste treatment
Dewatering & Compression
Business Area
Rhododendron simsii
Producer
Sorting Small-scale workshop
Roof can be hoisted
Industrial Park
Class II Road
Original
Restoration of biodiversity Waste truck
Class I Road
Domestic Waste Treatment
Building renovation Slum
100m
Tannery building
Hibiscus mutabilis
Commercial
50
Legend
Saraca asoca Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers.
Tannery
Mitigating pollution emissions from upstream
Incentives
0
Purify indoor & outdoor air quality
Building renovation
Residential Area Air bubbles
Stirrer
Aeration Tank
Mixing Tank
Desulphurisation
Chromium removal
Without harmful gas and particle leaks Capping
Community transformation
Tannery effluent
Gas
Rainwater
Waste
On site water treatment
1.2m3 per person
Biogas Tank
Primary
Secondary Tertiary
Sewage treatment
Biogas Tank
Pioneer plant
Composting plant
Sewage plant Parking
Clearance
different zones of waste disposal
Mixed use Old house Removal
Outlet
Section Analysis
Outlet
Commercial Area
Tannery Area
Tannery Area
Residential Area
Waste sorting
Outlet
Sewage treatment
Enrichment of metal
Landscaping
Proton pumping
Ficus altissima
Update Mixed use New-built Main road set-up
Tannery wastewater treatmwnt
Desulphurisation & chromium removal
Desulphurisation & chromium removal
Domestic water treatment
Resistant to toxic gas and dust
Bauhinia blakeana Dunn
Rhododendron simsii
Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng.
Ipomoea nil
Canna indica
Iris tectorum
Sophora japonica
Main Nodes Analysis
Better visual & auditory environment
Landscaping Noise Dust
Add fun
TSP
TSP
Better olfactory & tactile environment
Hibiscus syriacus Linn.
Magnolia grandiflora
Pteris cretica var nervosa Thunb.
Sedum alfredii
Pioneer plant for the remediation Pioneer plant for the remediation Pioneer plant for the remediation Pioneer plant for the remediation Pioneer plant for the remediation Pioneer plant for the remediation Pioneer plant for the remediation Air Purifier.Resistant to toxic gases Air Purifier.Resistant to toxic Air Purifier.Resistant to toxic A i r P u r i f i e r w i t h p o w e r f u l Pioneer plant for the remediation of Pioneer plant for the remediation of of metal contamination, enrichment of metal contamination, enrichment of metal contamination, enrichment of metal contamination, enrichment of metal contamination, enrichment of metal contamination, enrichment of metal contamination, enrichment such as:SO2,HF,Cl2 and also smoke, gases such as:SO 2,CO 2,Cl 2 and gases such as:SO 2,CO 2,Cl 2 and dust retention.Pioneer plant metal contamination, enrichment of metal contamination, enrichment of dust. HF.Powerful dust retention. HF.Powerful dust retention. of Cu, Mn, Cr. of Cr,Cd. of Cr,As,Mn,Pb. of Cr,As,Cdu,Cd. of Zn,Pb,Cu,Cr. of Cr,Pb,Ni,Zn. of Zn,Pb,Cu,Cr. for the remediation of metal As,Sb,Cu,Zn. Zn,Cd,Pb. contamination,enrichment of Zn,Cd,Cr,Cu,As.
Heavy metal absorption
TSP
Nerium oleander
Domestic water treatment
New community Commercial Public Space / recreation
Residential Area
Tannery Area
Commercial Area
Palashi Waste Transfer Station
Plant Analysis 0
10
20
J
40 m
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
Butterfly
Larvae
Insecta Bird
Muroidea
toad
Highly resistant to waste leachate and excellent purification of phosphorus and ammonia n i t r o g e n . Enrichment of Zn, Cd and Cu
Highly enriched in heavy metals such as arsenic and lead from contaminated soils and highly adaptable
Barren resistance and highly adaptable
High resistance to biogas and highly adaptable
Centropus andamanensis
Elaphe porphyracea
The Flow of Separation Seletion Solid Waste
Operational Prvocess Incentive
Central Air Pollution Control Syvstem
Daily top-ups
Packer trucks
en
roo f
min
Sky
istr atio n
Ven t
Tip p
ing
Ad
r
istr atio n
Roo f
tru
ck
Off
ice
Dis Dreinfec ssin tion g ro & om Ele vat s o Au r & Wto re p ash air roo m
hop
ge Sur
Gro
und
r
B
pit
2
Ma
chin
Weigh-in
eZ one
6
-1
Daily flushing water
M
E
in ach
G
Section Analysis
jasminum officinale
tropaeolum mojus
pennisetum alopecuroides
vitexaguns castus
Waste Sorting
Vegetation Growing medium(Slope<10%,1.0m) Drainage element(0.3m)
Acrylic polymer cement coating C20 fine stone concrete Insulation layer
Barrier layer(0.5m) Base layer(0.5m)
Waterproofing layer Gird and floorslab
Auto Repair Room
Lift
Loading Room
Compaction
Surge Pit
Gateway
Income
Waste disposal cost £28 per ton (government subsidised)
Departure
Central Management Control System
Concrete deck Plasterboard ceiling finish on battens
Base layer(0.5m) Gird and floorslab
Inbound
Vegetable residue
Brick slag
Brick slag
Cinder
Cement block
Cement block
Plastic sheet
Slag
Cement block
Twigs leaves
Coarse Breaker Dryer Fine Crusher
2.2hours each container
Drainage element, water reservoir and root barrier Retention trim
Press top Cement mortar plaster(20mm) oversailin Sealing paste
Weigh-in
Cycle time
Basement
Noise reduction
2 layers 140mm rigid insulation Vapour control layer 50mm screed to falls
Gateway
Compaction
Raw Material Waste Others
Light vegetation Growing medium Filter fleece
Aesthetic beauty
Urban heat island
briza media
Recycable Waste
Waste Input
Water consumption for flushing is 182.5 tonnes per year, with 146 tonnes discharged; water consumption for offices is 87.6 tonnes per year, with 70 tonnes discharged
1 Entrance 2 Administration of waste input 3 Disinfection & dressing 4 Central management 5 Utility room & toilet 6 Vehicle maintenance 7 Waste-to-energy management
Light/heavy waste sorter
Compact Equipment
Hazardous Waste
Truck driver
7
Automatic waste sorter
Transfer trailers
1.2t/d
£2,000,000/a
Auto Maintenance
Emission reduction
portulaca grandiflora
Dry season
0.5t/d 182.5t/a
one eZ
5
C
Abelia grandiflora
2t/d
Recycling
1
ent
passiflora caerulea
Wet season
vSurge Pit
Probe
A
4
180 kWh/d 600 kg/day
Inbound
D
F
em
A Weighing-in B Tipping waste C Disinfection & dressing D Leaving for next trip E Container loading F Vehicle Maintenance G To Waste treatment plant,incinerator & recycling management
8
3
Bas
Oxygen-enhanced catalytic reactor and ozone generator Degradation rate: Ammonia 78%, Xylene 96%, Formaldehyde 91%, Broad-spectrum Benzene 93%, bactericidal effect
Recieving Room per
& or act ent mp m -co uip t Prefer eq n la s p t ran ing lan er t ost e p tain mp ag Co& Sew con
floo
Thermal Distribution
Flowline Analysis
t
of ce ran uck Entker tr pac of ce ran icle Entr veh e f s n tra et Toil
floo
min
Ex paitc of kin g
ie Rec
g vin
ligh
Suction lines, exhaust lines and centrifuges 6 air changes per hour and above, 20,000 m3air changes per hour
Probe
Ad
Reaction Plant Probe
Probe
Gre
Fresh Air
Waste Loading
Removal of 90% of H2S, VOC, NH3, NO2 and other odours
Probe
Analysis of Functional Zone
Erinaceinae
Mustela sibirica
V ziz eti an ve io ria id es (L .) N as h Er em oc hl oa ci lia ris Eu ph or bi a th ym ifo lia Er (T ag hu ro nb st .) is f Be er au ru v. gin ea
Li gu st ru m
So ph or a
A b s o r b s sulphur dioxide, h y d r o g e n c h l o r i d e , h y d r o g e n fluoride, dust re t e n t i o n , a n d sound insulation effects
lu ci du m
Resistant to toxic gases such as sulphur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, chlorine and soot
ja po ni ca
Absorbs nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, chlorine and other harmful gases
se rra ta
Resistant to sulphur dioxide, ozone and soot pollution, able to absorb many toxic gases, tough branches
Ze lko va
Very resistant to sulphur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride and chlorine, absorb stagnant dust
L sp ag ec ers io tro sa e (L mi .) a Pe rs . Ci ca nn m a ph m or om a um (L in n) Pr es l Fi cu sa lti ss im aB l
gr Ma an gn di ol flo ia ra L.
Highly resistant to harmful gases and provides sulphur absorption
E x c e l l e n t absorption and p u r i f i c at i o n o f heavy metals such as chlorine and fluorine gas, As, Hg, Pb, Cd and Cr.
Tralier driver
Field Service
Janitor
Salary
Average £50/month per person
Waste treatment Waste incinerator
Landfill
The design of the waste transfer station incorporates a more detailed waste disposal process, improves resource reuse and enables internal recycling of resources. It also provides more jobs.The service life of the RCP is 15 years, including 30 years for the house and 28 years for the mechanical equipment.
Living Community of Babu Bazar Ghat
Strategy Analysis
A - River cleanup
Legend
0
100
200
B - Biodegradation
C - Ecological restoration Phase 1
2.Removal of plastic waste & sludge
1. Cofferdams & Pumping
400 m
Mixed Used Area
Aythya baeri
Supplement O2 47kg/h
Devario devario
Macrobrachium dolichodactylus
Residential Area
Push-flow distance 55-111m
Lamellidens sp.
Public Service
Viviparus sp.
Zalerion maritimum
Others School
Push-flow Aerator
Surface temperature 3-5°C
Branchiodrilus sp.
PE
Bank
B - Regular shape
A
A - Demolition
Moulvibazar Primary School
1.Dangerous building
2.Sharp-edged building
3.Unauthorized self-building
4.Illegal building
Water Body
Ideonella sakaiensis PET
Commercial Area
D - Improve water environment
Phase 2
C - Adjustment of spacing
Before
After
C
Islamia High School
Community Space
Haji Selim University College
Debidas Ghat Lane Government Primary School
E - Building form
D - Forming road Before
After
Residence
Solar Electrricity
F - Amenity Mixed commercial & residential
Commercial
1. Landscape
2.Recreational facility
B
B' C'
A - Stream maintenance
B - Professional training
Management Logistical service
Aquaculture Fishing
A - A’
C - Community plantation
D - Cocial service
Agriculture Technical service instructor
Education Instructor
Social Welfare Industry Pension assessor
Agriculture Farmer
Social Welfare Industry Caregiver
E - Service industry
F - Domestic service
Freelance Craftsman
Service Industry Janitor
Catering Industry Chef
Service Industry Appliance repair
Re-employment
A'
Environmental Management River desilting
Logistics Industry Dispatcher
Clarias batrachus Ellochelon vaigiensis
Ecological park
Commercial
Mixed use
Oreochromis mossambicus
B - B’
Community farm
Main Nodes Analysis
Node 1
Lateolabrax japonicus
Road
Node 3
Node 2
Node 4
Magnolia grandiflora
Ceriops decandra
Acacia arabica
Physalis peruviana
Acacia arabica
Dioscorea esculenta
Nypa fruticans
Nymphoides indica
Jasminum samba
Syzygium cumini
Musa cavendishi
Solanum tuberosum
Musa cavendishi
Pisum sativum
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Nelumbo nucifera
Utricularia minutissima
Plumeria
Ceriops decandra
Dioscorea esculenta
Ficus subg. Urostigma
Brassica juncea
Phragmites australis
Ipomoea violacea
Iris tectorum
Areca catechu
Syzygium cumini
Pisum sativum
Areca catechu
Allium cepa
Monochoria hastata
Iris tectorum
C - C’
Node 1 Waste Collection Point
A number of refuse collection points are located in the neighbourhood to transport the collected household refuse to the Palashi Transfer Station, so that the river banks no longer need to carry unacceptable amounts of refuse.
Healing Garden
The garden is set in the neighbourhood next to the Senior Services Centre,provides a place of relaxation and healing for children, youth and retired seniors in the neighbourhood. At the same time, the installation of the senior services centre p ro v i d e s m o re j o b s i n t h e neighbourhood.
Node 2
Node 3
Node 4
Vocational School
Community Farm
Riverside Park
The technical training school provides local young people with better access to future employment, while the teaching and logistical jobs in the school enable more local people to get jobs.
A large number of local unemployed people are able to participate in the maintenance and operation of public farms in the community, providing safe and fresh food to the community.
The original hard river banks will be transformed into a graded ecological barge and the activities of the surrounding residents will be restricted to a fixed area, reducing the impact of domestic waste on the health of Buriganga river.
Other Works