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Oct ‘ 2011
P2E2 (Pollution Prevention & Energy Efficiency) Energy efficiency (E2) and pollution prevention businesses and technical assistance providers (P2) are two sides of the same waste reduction are realizing that pursuing P2 and E2 together coin. Businesses that become more energy- can add greater value than pursuing them separately. efficient are also preventing pollution. The less energy “P2 and E2 are just two types of efficienHere are two examples wasted at the plant site, the cy, and efficiency has always been less electricity has to be pro- recognized as being good for business. illustrating the greater duced in power plants that As more businesses begin to realize the value of the comprehenemit pollutants. Likewise, profitability of resource efficiency, P2/E2 sive P2/E2 approach: businesses that implement will become more than just a good cleaner production methods business opportunity: P2/E2 will prove to E2 Means P2 be an important strategy in staying Two examples of energy may, in many cases, reduce competitive.” waste in energy usage by cutefficiency resulting in pollution prevention are ting out unnecessary steps in from lighting and motor production processes. efficiencies: Historically, P2 and E2 have been carried out separately. Now, A lighting retrofit at XYZ Company's refinery cut the lighting electricity load 26 percent. The
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Oct ‘ 2011
project will also prevent /reduce the pollution. In the present scenario of high energy cost, it is becoming more relevant to take a holistic A cement plant is saving strategy that improves energy $53,000 per year and reducing performance and also reduces carbon dioxide emissions by pollution impact. nearly 232 tons In Indian annually as a rescenario, it sult of a variable is not easy frequency drive to get an installed on a pollution fan motor. The prevention fan, which circuproject lates heat approved through the full from management due to long length of the rotary kiln, is greatly oversized for most payback period as most of the needs. Varying fan motor benefits will be intangible. calculating the speed to match need has re- However duced average power draw by energy saving potential in payback period may make it 75 percent. more lucrative the decision makers. P2 Means E2 An example of pollution prevention reducing energy waste It is not required that the P2E2 is reducing the excess air in ideas you implement in your furnaces operation. The reduction of excess air to the design figure will not only reduce the fuel consumption but will also reduce the Nox concentration in the flue gas. 13 million-square-foot retrofit is reducing carbon dioxide emissions by more than 1,622 tons annually.
As seen from examples given above, we can conclude that any pollution prevention idea will also result in energy efficiency and same is true vis-a-vis that any energy efficient organization should be big but
they should be sustainable. P2E2 ideas can be implemented in industrial processes and shopfloor or at the commercial buildings and offices in the factory. We would like to invite P2E2 ideas from our reader, which they have implemented and reaping benefits of. Sharing of these ideas will allow other readers to take benefits from your P2E2 ideas and overall improve the energy efficiency in Industrial section.
You may send P2E2 project undertaken with detailes of energy saving and pollution reduction observed in these projects to sheelonline@hotmail. com. We will publish these P2E2 projects in forthcoming newsletters. (Please enclose brief detail of your company and a scanned photograph
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SeptOct ‘ 2011 ‘ 2011
Regulatory Updates Ministry of Environment and Forest vide their office memorandum No. J11013/41/2006-IA.II(I) dated 5th October 2011 has decided that all those projects received for environment clearance in MoEF/ SETAAs relating to integrated steel plants and sponge iron plants, which are largely dependent on iron ore as raw material to be sourced from the mines located in Districts of Bellary, Tumkur and chitradurga in Karnataka and are at different stages of consideration / processing will be de-listed. Those project which have not yet been placed before the Expert appraisal committee (EAC) / State Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC) will be returned. it has also been decided that MoEF /SEIAAs will not consider any proposal relating to integrated steel plant / sponge iron plant, which are linked to iron ore as a raw material to be obtained from these Districts till the Hon’ble Supreme Court lifts the ban on mining in these districts .
The
Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) has been implementing a centrally sponsored Scheme for CETPs since 1991. In the light of the operational deficiencies in the earlier scheme, the development of pollution control technologies over the year and also the financial constraints on the part of SSI proponents and the recommendations of SPCBs related thereto, MoEF has published new guidelines for CETPs.
`Occupier' as per the Factories Act Under the Factories Act, 1948, an occupier has been defined as a person who has ultimate control over the affairs of the factory. One of the landmark case related to the clarification of the term ‘Occupier’ was JK Industries Ltd and others v. Chief Inspector of Factories and Boilers and others (Supreme Court, 1996). In this case, the Supreme Court noted that where a company owns or runs a factory, it is the company that has ultimate control over the affairs of the factory and would therefore be the occupier. However, since a company is a legal abstraction, it can act only through its directors, who are the directing mind and will of the company and are the centre of its personality. The court went on to say that the word “ultimate” in common parlance means last or final. There is a vast difference between a person having ultimate control of the affairs of a factory and one who has immediate or day-to-day control over the affairs of the factory. The manager or any other employee, of whatever status, can be nominated by the board of directors of the owner company to have immediate or day-today or even supervisory control over the affairs of the factory. However, the ultimate control over the affairs of the factory will always be with the board of directors of the company and cannot be vested in any other person, without completely transferring the control over the factory to the other person.
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Oct ‘ 2011
Draft - Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India has notified the new draft BioMedical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 under the Environment (Protection) Act,1986 to replace the earlier Bio-medical waste (Management and handling) Rules,1998 and the amendments thereof. The draft Rules are notified for information of the public and inviting objections or suggestions, if any, within 60 days. These will be taken into consideration by the central government while finalizing the Rules. Salient features of the draft Rules: (1) These rules shall apply to
all person who generate, collect, receive, store, transport, treat, dispose, or handle bio medical waste in any form. The Rules shall not apply to radio active waste covered under the Atomic Energy act, 1962, hazardous Chemicals Rules ,1989, the municipal waste covered under the Batteries (management & handling) Rules,2001 the hazardous
wastes covered under the (3) IT has been stipulated that irrespective of the hazardous waste (manquantum of bio-medical agement, handling and waste generation, every Transboundary Moveoccupier of an institution ment) Rules,2008. which includes a hospital, (2) Every occupier of an nursing home, clinic , dishealth care establishment pensary, veterinary insti(HCE) shall either set up tution, animal house, requisite bio- medical pathological laboratory, waste treatment facilities blood bank generating. like autoclave/ microCollecting receiving, storwave/ hydroclave, shreding, transporting, disposder or any other ing and /or technolohandling biogy as apmedical waste, proved by shall apply for the grant of authoriCPCB/Mo zation to the EF for prescribed autreatment thority. of bio(4) Bio-medimedical waste cal waste shall be segregated generated and kept in the in his coded containers premises as a part of on-site treator bags at the point of generation in accordance ment of the institution, with Schedule II of the prior to commencement Rules prior to its stage, of its operation or ensure requisite treatment facilitransportation, treatment and disposal. Color coding ty or any approved waste for containers or bags treatment facility.
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Oct ‘ 2011
(Yellow, red, Blue and black) for various categories of bio-medical waste, including the treatment options has been specified to avoid overlapping and confusion. (5)
(6)
Bio-medical waste shall be treated and disposed of in accordance with schedule I, and in compliance with the standards prescribed in schedule V. there are eight categories of biomedical wastes now, such as human anatomical waste, waste sharps, Discarded Medicines and Cytotoxic drugs, soiled waste, Infectious Solid waste and Chemical waste. Duties of the operator of common treatment facility as well as of other authorities concerned (such as ministry of environment and forests, ministry of health and family welfare, center or state/department of veterinary and animal hus-
bandry, Ministry of Defence, central pollution control Board, state Govt./UT administration, state pollution control boards/pollution control committees and local bodies such as Gram panchayats, Municipalities and Corporations) have been specified. An operator of a common treatment facility (CTF) is also
operator is not collecting the water regularly. (7) The Government of every
State or Union Territory shall constitute district level monitoring committees (DMCs) in the districts under the chairmanship of district medical officer of his nominee to monitor the compliance of Bio-Medical Waste Rules in the health care facilities generating biomedical waste as well as in common treatment facilities. Compliance to the guidelines issued by the Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Ministry of Health and family welfare, Government of India has now become mandatory for management of bio-medical waste. (8)
required to inform the prescribed authority about the health care establishments (HCEs) which are not handing over segregated bio-medical waste in accordance with the rules. The HCEs are also required to inform the concerned prescribed authority in case the CTF
How the new draft Rules, 2011 are different from the earlier Rules, 1998. The new Rules are comprehensive which contain important features of the Bio-Medical
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Oct ‘ 2011
which was providing service to less than 1000 (one thousand) patients per month. Under the new Rules every occupier or operator, irrespective of the number of patients being serviced or the (6) quantum of bio-medical waste generation, is required to obtain authorization.
Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998, including the three amendments issued. Several new provisions have been added in the new Rules. (1) In the new Rules, it has
been clearly mentioned that these rules are applicable only to the bio-medical wastes and shall not apply to other wastes such as radio active wastes, hazardous chemicals, municipal solid waste, hazardous wastes and batteries waste, which are covered under the respective rules.
(4) Under the existing rules,
(2) In the new rules, it has
been stipulated that every occupier shall set up requisite biomedical waste treatment equipments prior to commencement of its operation or shall make necessary arrangement in order or ensure requisite treatment of bio-medical waste through an authorized common bio medical waste treatment facility. As per the earlier Rules, obtaining authorization (5) from prescribed authority was not required by an occupier of an institution
as other concerned Authorities have been stipulated, in addition to the duties of occupier of a health care establishment. In the new Rules, the number of categories of wastes has been reduced from ten to eight. Colour coding for collection of non-infectious waste (general waste) has also been prescribed.
there was overlapping with regard to color coding and segregation of (7) The guidelines issued by the CPCB and the Central waste. For instance, Government have been wastes under category-3 now made part of the and 6 can be collected Rules. either in Red or Blue bags. This caused confusion in segregation. In the new Rules, color coding The full draft notification may for containers or bags be seen in the website of the (Yellow, red, Blue and Ministry of Environment and Black) for collection of Forests (www.envfor.nic.in). various categories of biomedical including the treatment options has been clearly specified to avoid overlapping and confusion. In the new Rules, duties for operation of a Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility as well
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