COUNTRIES IN
BUS 310 Asian Markets Course Instructed by Ms. Socheata Kim
CENTRAL ASIA Prepared by: Bunping Te
Sokpanha Lay
Suonleang Hel
Venchheang Ou
REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun
01. ABOUT KAZAK Kazakhstan is a transcontinental country located in Central Asia with the most western parts of it being located in Eastern Europe. It is the world's largest landlocked country and the most dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP. With an area of 2,724,900 Km2, It is the world’s 9th largest country who shares borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea. The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands, steppe, taiga, rock canyons, hills, deltas, snowcapped mountains, and deserts. It has an estimated 18.3 million people as of 2018. Since 1997 and independence, the capital is Nur-Sultan, formerly known as Astana.
Lake Balkhash
lake Kaindy
UNIQUE TERRAIN OF KAZAKHSTAN
Semipalatinsk
Charyn Canyon
02. KAZAK HISTORY The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by nomadic groups and empires. In antiquity, the nomadic Scythians inhabited the land, and the Persian Achaemenid Empire expanded towards the southern territory of the modern country. Turkic nomads, who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states such as the First and Second Turkic Khaganates, have inhabited the country throughout its history.
ANCIENT KAZAKHSTAN In the 13th century, the territory was subjugated by the Mongolian Empire under Genghis Khan. By the 16th century, the Kazakh emerged as a distinct group, divided into three jĂźz (ancestor branches occupying specific territories). The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century.
SOVIET KAZAKHSTAN By the mid-19th century, they nominally ruled all of Kazakhstan as part of the Russian Empire. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, and subsequent civil war, the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganized several times. In 1936, it was made the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the Soviet Union.
MODERN KAZAKHSTAN
Kazakhstan was the last to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Nursultan Nazarbayev, the first president of Kazakhstan, was characterized as an authoritarian and his government was accused of numerous human rights violations, including suppression of dissent and censorship of the media. He resigned in March 2019 but made the Kazakh Security Council's chairman-for-life. He had the capital's name changed to his first name.
03. KAZAK CULTURE
Before the Russian colonization, Kazak had a highly developed culture based on their nomadic pastoral economy. With the arrival of the Arabs in the 8th century, Islam was introduced into the region. It initially took hold in the southern parts of Turkestan and spread northward. The Samanids helped the religion to take root through zealous missionary work. The Golden Horde further propagated Islam amongst tribes in the region during the 14th century.
KAZAK RELIGION According to the 2009 census, Kazak's 131 ethnicities include Kazakhs (65.5% of the population), Russians, Uzbeks, Ukrainians, Germans, Tatars, and Uyghurs. Per 2009 census, Islam is about 70% of population, with Christianity practiced by 26%. The country officially allows freedom of religion, but religious leaders who oppose the government are suppressed.
MUSIC & DANCE The modern state of Kazakhstan is home to the Kazakh State Kurmangazy Orchestra of Folk Instruments, the Kazakh State Philharmonic Orchestra, the Kazakh National Opera and the Kazakh State Chamber Orchestra. The folk instrument orchestra was named after Kurmangazy Sagyrbayuly, a famous composer and dombra player from the 19th century. The Musical-Dramatic Training College was founded in 1931.
CUISINE
In the national cuisine, livestock meat served with a wide assortment of traditional bread products. Refreshments often include black tea and traditional milk-derived drinks such as ayran, shubat and kymyz. A dinner involves a multitude of appetizers on the table, followed by a soup and one or two main courses such as pilaf and beshbarmak. Drink consists of fermented mare's milk.
04. KAZAK ECONOMY GDP per capita based on nominal GDP is 9K. In 2019, inflation rate is 6% along with 4.1% of GNI. On February 2020, Kazakhstan import account for $2230M and export of $4756M. The top import products are machinery and nuclear reactor, while the top exports are mineral and fuel. Kazakhstan import most of its product from Russia and export most of its product to Italy. Most foreign investor are from he US.
ECONOMIC ATTRACTIVENESS
th 29 Among 190 countries in “ease of doing business”
the economies is dominated by raw material extraction
Have the highest FDI among former Soviet Union countries
Join in 30 Nov 2015
Participate in “Global “Competitiveness” top 30 economy by 2050
It is the crossroad of many trade route, and a key component in OBOR
REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun
01. ABOUT UZBEK Uzbekistan is a landlocked country which located in the heart of Central Asia and bordered by Kazakhstan in west and north east, by Turkmenistan in south west, Afghanistan in south, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan in east. In the past, this land was the crossroad of the Great Silk Road, connecting Asia and Europe where the products were brought for exchange. Tashkent is the largest and most populated city of Uzbekistan located in the north-east of the country close to the border with Kazakhstan. The country’s area is 448, 978 Km2, while the estimated population in 2020 is 33,469,203 (+1.48% yearly changes). Government is presidential constitutional republic whereby the President is the head of state and executive authority.
02. UZBEK HISTORY Uzbekistan has more than a thousand year dramatic history and the country’s economic first flourished because of the famous "Silk Road" going through the cities. Moreover, The important historical events of Uzbekistan could be covered over Ancient Uzbekistan, Russian Empire, Soviet Uzbekistan and last but not least Independent Uzbekistan.
ANCIENT UZBEKISTAN
The Uzbekistan land was once part of the ancient Persian Empire which collapsed when it was conquered by Alexander the Great in the 4th Century. In the 8th Century, Muslim Arabs conquered the territory. Then, Samanid Dynasty established an empire there in the 9th Century. In 1220, it was overrun by Genghis Khan, emperor of Mongol Empire. In 1300, Timur built an empire at Samarkand. Trade between Uzbekistan and Russian through Silk Road grew the most during 16th and 17th centuries. However, the arrivals of Russian brought not only trading but a new empire.
RUSSIAN EMPIRE In 1865, Russian troops occupied Tashkent and had conquered all of Central Asia, placed it under colonial administration by the end of 19th Century. Russia had invested in the development of infrastructure in Central Asia, promoted cotton growing and encouraged settlement by Russian colonists.
SOVIET UZBEKISTAN Soviet Socialist Republic of Uzbekistan (or USSR) was established on 27 October 1924. The republic had brought literacy and technical development to Uzbekistan. Also, they did value the cotton growing and natural resources of the country. Along with positive impacts, communist dominations emerged which brought suppression of culture and religion.
INDEPENDENT UZBEKISTAN
Uzbekistan declared independence on 1 September which was officially recognized by 160 countries around the world. On 2 March 1992, Uzbekistan became a member of UN and a new Constitution was adopted on 8 December 1992. The Republic of Uzbekistan has established a new political system which is a presidential form of the government and built a democratic state with a market economy.
03. UZBEK CULTURE The ancient Persians, Greeks, Arabs, Chinese, Russians, and nomadic Turkic tribes have all contributed to Uzbek culture. Uzbekistan is considered as the epitome of Central Asia and crossroads cultures.
UZBEK RELIGION 76.2% of Uzbek population are Sunni Muslim, the largest denomination of Islam which being followed by 90% of the world’s Muslim. 4.9% are Russian orthodox or Eastern Orthodox Christian, while the rest considered themselves are nonreligious (18.1%) or other religions (0.8%).
MUSIC & DANCE Traditional Uzbek music has ancient origins; using the modern string and wind instruments. The famous song of Uzbekistan, Shashmaqam, was included on UNESCO’s list of Masterpieces of Oral and Intangible Cultural Heritage of Mankind. For Uzbek Traditional dance, there are two common types: traditional classical dance and folk dance.
CUISINE
Uzbek national dish is Plov, sometimes also called “osh”. It is a heaping portion of rice that has been cooked together with lamb or beef, onions, garlic, raisins, carrots, and apricots. As for national drink, green Tea is served everywhere including home, office, cafes, etc. Uzbek people like it in summer, but for winter they drink black tea.
CERAMIC SOURVENIRS Uzbekistan is incredibly notable for its ceramic, through the various cities of the Republic of Uzbekistan, every place has its own kind of ceramics. every region differs from those in different regions, with variations revelation within the colors, designs, shapes, and ceramics techniques.
CARVED WOOD & METAL ART Almost each Uzbek market features lots of vendors selling knives, daggers, and even swords, all furnished decoratively. A standard Uzbekistan memento could be a knife referred to as pichok, with a unique form for the blade and handle. Jewelry is another well-developed area of metal carving.
TRADITIONAL VESTURE, FUR & EMBROIDERY
Uzbek embroidery is noted for its originality and uniqueness. It's additionally notable for its fur coats and karakul fur hats. The warm, thick and glossy fur of the Karakul sheep, from Bukhara, contains a refined look and is sort of helpful within the weather condition. These can be a great souvenir in the winter season.
Bukhara a city museum contains 140 architectural monuments, considered nice illustrations of ancient design.
Shahrisabz
CULTURAL HERITAGES OF UZBEKISTAN
is famous for beautiful monuments, known mainly for being the birthplace of 14th century conqueror emperor Timur.
Itchan Kala retains over 50 historic monuments and around 250 old houses, represent Muslim architecture of Central Asia.
Samarkand one of the greatest and most prosperous cities of Central Asia, and the oldest inhabited places.
04. UZBEK ECONOMY Since independence, Uzbek government has been followed Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production, prices, and access to foreign currency. Uzbek agriculture remains mostly focused on cotton. It is the world’s 5th largest cotton exporter and 7th largest producer. Uzbekistan's growth has been driven by state-led investments and a big share of foreign exchange earnings from the export of gas, gold, and cotton.
ECONOMIC SITUATION
1.8k
14.5%
$290B
GDP per capita based on nominal and 9k based on PPP
Inflation of 2019 *fact 1992-1000%
GNI of 2018
$17968M (2019) Top products: machine and equipment, and chemical
$13677M(2019) Top products: gold, cotton and oil
Trade deficit $4291.7M *fact: trade deficit since 2013
”
“The use of traveling is to regulate imagination by reality, and instead of thinking how thighs may be to see them as they.”
—Samuel Johnson