An Alternative Use of Abandoned Building by shevani gupta

Alternative Use of Abandoned Building By: Shevani Gupta

DISSERTATION REPORT

An Alternative Use of Abandoned Building Bachelor of Architecture Of Poornima University, Jaipur

Session: 2020-21

Submitted By: Shevani Gupta 2016PUSPABARX04572 FIFTH Year, B.Arch.

Ar. Kavita Khatry GUIDE Ar. Akansha Modi CORDINATOR

School of Planning & Architecture Poornima University, Ramchandrapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan – 303905

APPROVAL The study titled ‘Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings’ is hereby approved as an original work of Shevani Gupta, enrolment number 2016PUSPABARX04572 on the approved subject carried out and presented in manner satisfactory to warrant its acceptance as per the standard laid down by the university. This report has been submitted in the partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Architecture degree from School of Planning and Architecture, Poornima University, Jaipur. It is to be understood that the undersigned does not necessarily endorse or approve any statement made, any opinion expressed or conclusion drawn therein, but approves the study only for the purpose it has been submitted. 31-10-2020 Jaipur

EXTERNAL EXAMINER:

Ar. Akansha Modi CO-ORDINATOR:

GUIDE: Ar. Kavita Khatry

Ar. Manish Jain

DEAN:

DECLARATION I, Shevani Gupta, here by solemnly declare that the research work undertaken by me, titled ‘Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings’ is my original work and wherever I have incorporated any information in the form of photographs, text, data, maps, drawings, etc. from different sources, has been duly acknowledged in my report. This dissertation has been completed under the supervision of the guide allotted to me by the school.

Shevani Gupta V year B.Arch. School of Planning and Architecture Poornima University, Jaipur

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I take this opportunity to express my thanks to the HOD & Coordinator of my institute, Ar. Akansha Modi for providing a suitable and healthy learning environment even during the tiring times like the COVID-19 pandemic. And giving her support and continued guidance, throughout the undergraduate course journey. I earnestly thank the Dissertation Guide Ar. Kavita Khatry for providing this prospect to conduct this research study and her valuable guidance and timely encouragements. Furthermore, I would like to acknowledge with much appreciation and indebtedness for Ar. Gaurav Sharma for his support, critiques, advice, unwavering patience and perseverance throughout the course of this research and the semester. I sincerely appreciate all the guides, any my batch mates as well as other faculty members who provided suggestions for the completion of this undergrad¬uate research project. Last but not the least, my friends Sarthak Tripathi, Aftab Khan, and peers specially and anyone remotely involved for making this journey an enjoyable experience. I shall always remember all those who boosted and motivated me during this period. It is my honor to be able to submit my work for evaluation.

Shevani Gupta V year B.Arch. School of Planning and Architecture Poornima University, Jaipur

CONTENTS Approval Declaration Acknowledgement Abstract Contents

i ii iii iv v

Chapter 1 : Outline

1.1 Introduction 1.2 Aim 1.3 Objective 1.4 Scope 1.5 Limitations 1.6 Methodology 1.7 Methods and tools

Chapter 2 : Abandoned Building 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Why do abandoned buildings decay? 2.3 Typology of abandoned buildings.

Chapter 3 : Adaptive use and Re-adaptive use 3.1 Adaptive use 3.2 Why are adaptive reuse projects important? 3.3 Typology of adaptive building 3.4 Methodology of adaptive reuse 3.5 Factors influencing the adaptive use method 3.6 Impact of Adaptive Reuse on surrounding

Chapter 4 : Materials

4.1 Stratergies for restoration 4.2 Material used in heritage structure 4.3 Rajasthan heritage/ histrotic structure bylaws

Chapter 5 : Live and Literature case studies

5.1 Baradari, city palace Jaipur 5.2 Calcutta Bungalow, Calcutta 5.3 Alembic industrial heritage and redevelopment at Vadodara

Chapter 6 : Experimenting in one live example. 6.1 Malls at RICCO Industrail area, Jaipur 6.2 Jaleb chowk, Jaipur ( Historic Structure)

Chapter 7 : Analysis and result Chapter 8 : Conclusion

List of Figures Bibliography

vii

Fig 1: Krushnai Resort, Lonavla

ABSTRACT TOPIC: Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings AIM: The aim to study the adaptive use of abandoned buildings and understanding the urban context of it. INTRODUCTION: To improve neglected urban structures, architects have a new social role to play. Innovative architecture can transform abandoned spaces through creative ideas and reimagine old abandoned spaces to build a vibrant community spirit. There are several urban spaces in our society that are overlooked. In reality, these places have enormous potential to promote social participation when they are improved; we often blindly turn our attention from these abandoned spaces. Turning abandoned buildings into the more potential space, not only meeting the needs of the people but creating dehumanized environments. This dissertation focuses on the importance of adaptive reuse of abandoned building, feasibility and accessibility of such buildings for reuse. The main focus of his study is to give solutions for the alterative use of abandoned building.

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

Source: Author

OBJECTIVE: 1. Understanding the importance of adaptive reuse of abandoned structures towards society. 2.Analysis of urban life, space, and location, possession and access and politics have been raised in adaptive reuse of building 3.Examine the impact of the abandoned building and the society. 4.To simulate the options and analyze their results 5.Experimenting and applying the study in one example project.

CASE STUDY: 1. Baradari, City Palace, Jaipur 2. Calcutta Bungalow, Calcutta 3. Alembic industrial heritage and redevelopment at Vadodara

Pg |2

Chapter 1 : Outline 1.1 Introduction To improve neglected urban structures, architects have a new social role to play. Innovative architecture can transform abandoned spaces through creative ideas and reimagine old abandoned spaces to build a vibrant community spirit. There are several urban spaces in our society that are overlooked. In reality, these places have enormous potential to promote social participation when they are improved; we often blindly turn our attention from these abandoned spaces. Turning abandoned buildings into the more potential space, not only meeting the needs of the people but creating dehumanized environments.

Fig 2: Raja MahainTder Pratap Building, Keshi ghat Vrindavan

Source: Author

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

A significant change to an existing building function when the former function has become obsolete. By: (Douglas, 2006: p.1)

Source: Author

Fig 3: Raja MahainTder Pratap Building, Keshi ghat Vrindavan Source: Author

Abandoned building is basically the building is not being use for more than a century or so. Adaptive reuse of abandoned building can play an important role for the climate as well as for the society. As reusing resources and embodied energy of that place can lead to less alternations and saves landfill. It also helps the society to relive the cultural and heritage values of that place. It is important for the designers to look over such buildings adaptive reuse potential. Building may become abandoned for its original use with time or redundant due to change in society needs and demand. The type of mindset towards society and abandoned spaces is a gap that can be filled by architects by making the project completely unique and as well as challenging the society at every point. This dissertation focuses on the importance of adaptive reuse of abandoned building, feasibility and accessibility of such buildings for reuse. The main focus of his study is to give solutions for the alterative use of abandoned building.

1.3 Scope:

1. Study the importance of alternative use of abandoned structures 2. Study the impact of such structures over the society. 3. Learning challenges faced during the process of change 4. Able to experiment in one of the abandoned building of India.

1.4 Limitations:

1. Large scale impact of abandoned structure. 2. Study focuses on heritage building. Pg |4

Methodology

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

To understand Abandoned Buildings and the need for reuse

Pg |6

Chapter 2 :

Abandoned buildings

2.1 Introduction

The word ‘ abandoned building ‘ refers to a picture of the unoccupied building that is in a state of extreme disrepair, probably buried, littered with garbage, and ripped with graphites.Although a structure may have certain features that elicit apprehension and precipitate decay in a society, it is difficult to legally describe “abandoned building” since there is no universal meaning. Therefore, a specific definition that includes a variety of assets and conditions is best used. Such buildings may increase the commercial opportunities and increase job availability in that locality. Old structures have strong foundation and material quality is also good, so using it as any type of building in respect to the surrounding leads to drastic environmental changes as if we demolished the building and reconstruct it, it may cost very high. And wastes of material and resources are also done. Increase in landfill and carbon level also effect the environment. The negative impact of abandoned buildings also creates “Spatial Stigma” where the particular area or surrounding become associated with crime and social deprivation. Environment sustainable, the building to be reused, decrease in carbon level and water footprints created by demolition is high. Buildings become redundant many reasons but, making them a part of society again is a big task. Most of the building is no longer used for its original function but can be used again according to the need which little modification.

Fig 5: Kapren Fort, Kota

Source: Author

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

2.1.1 What is an abandoned building?

Buildings which is been unoccupied for more than 90 days and is not used by its owner or other legally permitted occupant. Building which is been ignored by the surrounding and society. It is an appearance of a building that is unused and in a state of severe poor condition

2.1.2 Difference between vacant and abandoned structure. There is a very thin line between vacant and abandoned structures S.No Description 1.

Structure

Owner’s accessibility

Security and safety

Vacant Structure Empty, Unoccupied Viable Owner

Secure and well maintained, do not pose the threat to public safety,

Abandoned Structure To desert, surrender, give up No clear vision of the owner or one cannot contact the owner easily Not secure and well maintained, unauthorized access, pose to public safety threats.

Sometimes monumental and heritage buildings also become abandoned not because of the absence of the owner or taxes not paid but because of the negligence of the society.

2.1.3 Why do building become abandoned?

There are different factors of becoming building abandoned and all the factors depend and apply differently on the building. And different typology of building has different reasons for being abandoned. Factors like natural disaster, ecological disasters, Economic Busts, Neighborhoods become violent, Difficulty selling a property, heritage building become abandoned because people lose interest in them and even some of the building is neglected by the government. Sometimes due to urban sprawling and people approach towards that locality also effect. Heritage buildings like monuments become abandoned because of lack of public interest. FACTORS

Natural and Ecological disasters wild fires, landslides, floods, earthquakes, droughts, tornadoes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions.

Economic Busts

Difficulty selling property, Lack of public interest

Urban sprawling

2.1.4 Are abandoned buildings are dangerous?

Buildings which been abandoned by any reason is dangerous for the surrounding as compared to the building which is been occupied by the people. Building fall due to age, weather, urban exploring, increase of garbage collection etc., all the factors are dangerous for the environment. The building become more dangerous when it is being unauthorized occupant as shelters or to conduct criminal activity. It becomes the security issues for the nearby settlements. There are five types of crime associated with abandoned buildings:

Pg |8

Crime associated

Fire Hazard

Vandalization

Theft

Drugs

Rape

2.1.5 What are the health risk associated by abandoned buildings ? Pollution activities in case of abandoned buildings or these structures with asbestos lead points are very detrimental to health. Health risk is high is such buildings because in such areas there are high changes of illegal activities like drugs, harmful chemicals can be used to make illegal things as abandoned buildings are the safest places to do so. Often because being an abandoned place, the nearby people starts throwing garbage and waste there with later leads to health risk.

2.1.6 How do abandoned buildings affect the community and commerce?

Abandoned buildings play an important role in the society as most of the buildings are unused for more than a decade. Such buildings affect the mental health of the building. Neglected houses, inactive factories, declining malls, ignored heritage buildings, unused commercial buildings and other type of abandoned buildings are among the most visible observable indications of the retreating fortunes of a community. When buildings or properties turned from productive to disuse, they just become a symptom of economic failure in the society, associated with crime, increase in health risk and welfare, plunging property values, and municipal cost, contributes to overall community failure. Abandoned buildings give out the impression of an area flagging. This may lead to lower moral of the nearby people and also discourage people to visit that area, this in result will affect the commercial factors of that area. Also the aesthetic look of abandoned structure can discourage new businesses and this leads to effect on the growth of a neighborhood. Such places can turn to lower the value of properties

Fig 6: Deccan, Pune

Source: Author

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

2.1.7 How can you avoid these problems?

Most accurate method to solve the problem is re-adaptive use of the building, it’s true that in some structures cannot be used as same, due to the time lapse the need of the surroundings and society. But they can be used for other functions. For example, abandoned bungalows can be reuse as a motel, hotels, boutiques. The main line of attack for reuse is to make the society stabilize and boost up the economy and on the other hand cost and time saving with less use of construction material will also help in keeping the environment save, and mange to improve the society life as well. This will be beneficial for both levels neighborhood as well as city level. In fact, there are different solutions to different type of abandoned building like if it is heritage building then it can be Preservation, Restoration, Conservation. And with the help of public cooperation, increase public awareness, determine the depth of the problem, evaluate and mark the abandoned structures, and then applying the results to the abandoned building.

Fig 7: Lonala

Source: Author

2.2 Why do abandoned buildings decay?

When the building is unoccupied that means on one is taking care of it. Abandoned buildings start decaying at different rate with different type of reasons. Buildings decay due to the damaged caused by environment over time. This can include unrepaired weather damaged, water damage, vandalism and wildlife. Even small cracked window eventually develops with time. As moisture enters the cracks its starts damages the building. Reasons of decay: 1. Buildings decay and weather 2. Human interference 3. Water decay 4. Foundation failure Reason of Decay

Weather

Human

Water Decay

Foundation Decay

Pg |10

Buildings decay and weather: Warm up and freezing cycle also wears away at brick, wood and other structural material at much higher rate. This type of environment effects a lot in buildings, rotting the floor and even the foundation effects. Birds also begin to occupied such spaces for their home

Fig 7: Raja MahainTder Pratap Building, Keshi ghat

Source: Author

Fig 8: Old City, Ahemdabad

Source: Author

Human Interference: People plays an important role in abandoned structures. As the building is unoccupied, theft and illegal activities increases. And whenever someone tries to make a change in the society, human interference is the main huddle in the way.

Fig 9: Chennai

Source: Author

Water decay: One of the problems is water as in old structures the main problem comes is leakage. As rain water and by other source water enters the abandoned building it started destroying floors, existing furniture, exposed building materials etc.

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

a) Leak through roof is enough to soak drywall and wood sheathing, stressing the structure. Cast feeds off all the organic material. b) A gutter fixed beneath the edge of a roof fail setting plentiful amounts of water adjacent the foundation. c) An unheated house and basement allows the soil and water to freeze both the soil and the concrete foundation, which result is stresses the foundation, destabilizing it, cracking it, and transferring it. d) Which also leads to opening cracks at joints of windows and doors, and that ultimately allows water to enter more in the building. Foundation decay: It is damaged by the environment, water and also with time. With time the foundation is not able to handle load so new construction over the same foundation is not possible. And if foundation is not strong then using that building is not safe. Sometimes trees expand and starts cracking the foundation and termites it from inside.

Fig 10: Old City, Ahemdabad Source: Author

2.3 Typology of abandoned buildings. a) Residential Buildings b) Educational Buildings c) Institutional Buildings d) Assembly Buildings e) Business Buildings f) Mercantile Buildings g) Industrial Buildings h) Storage Buildings i) Heritage Buildings

Fig 11: Old City, Ahemdabad

Source: Author Pg |1 2

Chapter 3 : Adaptive use and Re-adaptive use

3.1 Adaptive Reuse

Adaptive reuse is conventionally defined as the method of reusing old buildings; it can be for the same purpose or can be used as entirely different purposes. Adaptive reuse is one of the effective technique for using the old structures and making them operational and good for commercial use. Adaptive use of old structures can be an eye-catching and fascinating alternative to construct in terms of sustainability and climate change in a noble manner. But not the old and attractive structures can be qualified for adaptive use. Architects, developers, designers, builders, and entrepreneurs have to make sure that the finished output will fulfil the society needs. An increasing numbers of old structures like hospitals, closed school, old factories, apartments, can be reused as condominiums, offices, museum, restaurant, centres like rehabilitation. Reuse of heritage building may be rejuvenated in terms of physical and economic values. Also it is the only way to keep the heritage and aesthetic values alive in the society. The best way to conserve the heritage structure is to readapt the society changes and reuse the structure according to the present needs of the society. Reuse often refer as conversion, restoration, refurbishment and forgets to implement the obvious changes that can alive the old building again like circulation route, spatial relationship, orientation. The structural and spatial adjustments always effect the building due to rapidly evolving technology and globalization which directly affect the architecture of the structures

Fig 12: Pune

3.2 Positive aspects of Adaptive Reuse:

Source: Author

The practice of adaptive reuse is not only complicated but also challenging and revels the history and the unique character of its heritage existence. Thus it become a important task to preserve the reason of its existence and thus also reuse as a commercial purpose. The effective way of reusing any old abandoned building is to conserve its architecture heritage. Such a reuse differentiates between preservation as well as prolong the architecture heritage by retaining as such as possible.Saving and reusing public building brings a cultural heritage and also makes a bond between the past and present and of course it is economically good. In fact, it’s a sustainable move to reuse the abandoned building and save the embodied energy.

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

3.3 Why are adaptive reuse projects important?

Adaptive reuse of existing Structure is associated with the following advantages: Energy Conservation: Reuse of abandoned building and energy conservation of the building gos hand in hand. As reusing the structure will help in reusing its embodied energy as well as case the carbon foot print of new construction, use gives a innovative and effective technique to use existing available infrastructure. Contributes to Sustainability: One of the most important factor to consider is sustainability, as reusing anything is considered sustainable as it helps is reduction of material use in demolition and re- construction. It also helps is reduction of land acquisition, construction cost and time saving.

Fig 13: Diwanji ni Hawali, Ahemdabad Source: Author

Fig 14: Diwanji ni Hawali, Ahemdabad Source: Author

Enhances Community Character Reusing abandoned structures helps in reliving the heritage of the structure and the structure helps in economical manner. Adaptive use of old structure helps to make bond between the society and the heritage, as well as the link between the past and present which will help todays’ youth to understand the heritage importance’s and relive them. It often creates harmony with community character then new construction. It’s important to know its historic existence before reusing it, so that the history and architecture is not been neglected. Encourages Investment: Adaptive reuse also helps in creating investments as when the abandoned or old structure is being develop such as way that it can be use again, the society gets very much fascinated and that particular area start booming in economy. Such it creates employment opportunities. Enhances Innovation: With increase in technology, society and the culture also need to change. And in this high tech environment, need of heritage is also important. So to merge the both new innovations need to come in the world of designers, to solve the abandoned structure problems. There are many such spaces with can be reuse in respect to the location and infrastructure. The challenge is to face the problem of abandoned structure by reusing it and not by demolishing it. Pg |14

Cost Saving: It is very important that demolishing and re- constructing any structure cost is high. So designers and builders need to undertint this and use the infrastructure of the existing structure by renovating it, it will not only save the cost but also the environment. Increased Market Value: As preserving the old abandoned building and reusing it increase its value not only in terms of innovation but also market value. Often the material which is used earlier in building construction is high in quality, so reusing it is not a big problem. And earn revenue with tourism. Saves Time: Time saving is one of the important factor as new construction takes a lot of time and money and it adaptive use the infrastructure and approval of construction its already done. Environmental Benefits: One of the main reason of reusing is done because of environment benefit, as it reduces embodied energy and reduction of energy during construction and demolition. It helps in zero landfill and even the usage of new material is also reduced, which leads to less use of mining, manufacturing of materials like bricks and saves the transportation cost. Old building was made with good quality of construction material as compared to present materials, and it is the main reason why old structure are stable and in good condition even after 60 years. Also old structure generally consists of suitable building envelope according to the climate of the surrounding which contains proper ventilation, heating and cooling factors, and many other factors which make the structure self-sufficient and energy effective.

3.4 Strategic approach of Adaptive reuse

This approach concentrates on the processes and strategies used for adapting important structures a) Building within b) Building over c) Building around d) Building alongside e) Recycling materials f) Adapting to a new function g) Building in the style of era Three strategies for conversions: a) Intervention b) Insertion c) Installation

Fig 15: Bhangarh, Jaipur

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

3.5 Typology of adaptive building 1. Historical preservation: This basically means conserving and restoring the same function of abandoned building and bring it to its original state. 2. Renovation: As the old structure have strong building envelope, the external appearance and the stability of the structure is maintained and does not need much changes. But inside the complete attire needs to replace due to change is use of function. 3. Facades: As to restore the original look of the exterior, designers and developers mostly add one extra skin to the building, which not only give the structure an strong and impressive aesthetic look but also help in maintaining the historic values of it, become more useful and energy efficient. Although also all the designers and developers able to do it successfully, as to give it the original look construction material is to be choose wisely and apply it is such a way that it could merge with the old materials. 4. Integration New construction around the original structure Keeping in mind the needs of the society. 5. Infrastructure where new building is designed keeping in mind the original function.

3.6 Methodology of adaptive reuse

The ecological, economic and social impacts of buildings are high. Adaptive reuse has several benefits to reduce these high effects. Adaptive re-use schemes, which must be planed and handled differently, are, in many respects, different from traditional new construction projects. 3.6.1 Building Condition Assessment First the state of the existing building is thoroughly evaluated before the start of an adaptive reuse project and even considering refurbishing. A condition evaluation mainly evaluates the structure and the structural, electrical and plumbing structures of the building, the roofing, the steelwork, plastering and tiling processes. Profound building inspections can be costly. Nonetheless, the evaluation of construction conditions is key to the success of an adaptive reuse project and cannot be avoided at all costs since it is insignificant in terms of damage or death caused by a building’s collapse. One logical reason is that even very well constructed buildings could be severely damaged and eventually collapse when proper maintenance is not carried out in the operating phase of the construction.

Source: Author Pg |16

Fig 16: M.I Road, Jaipur

Source: Author

3.6.2 Survey of Neighbourhoods Once a building’s stability and soundness is established, it is important to examine the area in order to determine how the adaptive reuse plan can be used and which feature the building’s owners want to use to that market segment or region. In many instances a plan for adaptive re-use may help stabilize a district that could otherwise collapse or be affected by vandalism. This upwards trend will offer developers and community residents lucrative rental opportunities. This survey may be performed in the form of a physical neighborhood inspection and/or a comprehensive study of the area zone map. The local peddlers and shopkeepers can tell lot about present condition of the locality. The next step is to assess how well the area has to offering the public facilities like streets, public transportation, shopping and food, hospitals, schools and libraries, etc., since it has become secure and safely and free from infringing deteriorations. 3.6.3 Financial Considerations Adaptive reuse projects can operate in stages or in parts. The main advantages of using old existing and stable building is that a part of building can be renovated and used while other construction is going on. This will continue the cash flow, and gives a good advantage to the developers. A plan is prepared to take into account the outcomes of structural and architectural assessments, surveys of the area and surveys. As the surveying part of the project may cost high, the budget is prepared first then execution is done. Building owners or developers can approach any of the financing sources. 3.6.4 Architect’s Contract As architect/ designers who leads the project with their imagination. Therefore, architects/ designers play an important role in the project, the contract between the client and architect should define all the duties of the architect and payment details. There are various types of contract, ranging from a contract for fixed fees, percentage of the contract for construction costs and fees plus expenses. The most appropriate form of project contracts can be collectively decided by all parties involved. 3.6.5 Detailed study of structure They perform a detailed structural, technical and architectural survey on the existing building, before architect and engineer start the final design of the project. 3.6.6 Foundation and basement In order to check, present condition of the foundation the architects/ designers and engineers need to look after the signs of cracks on masonry walls, sills and cornices of windows, water leakage of the structure. For this the suitable instruments such as plumb bobs and spirit scales is required. As it is the most important steps to carried out properly as the public safety is depended on it, professionals need the do this with proper instruments and skilled team. Furthermore, for fireproofing requirements, the building code should be examined.

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

Fig 17: Kapren, Kota

Source: Author

3.6.7 Structural system Structural strength assessment involves know-how and is one of the most critical in terms of safety for workers. Inspection at the premises and an evaluation of current floor plans will assist engineers in assessing structural stability. In some situations, engineers may need to scratch the plaster out to expose the underlying structure if the design plans may not be usable. Structural device wooden members should regularly be inspected for red or thermite infestation. Corrosion or missing bearings or bolting of iron or steel must be tested. During the construction with the structural strength of the existing building, both dead and living loads should be considered. 3.6.8 Floor system Old buildings have a floor structure that is typically efficient sufficient to comply with current codes. Additional stairways, vertical plumbing, electric, and HVAC should be provided for the floor and height of the ceiling. A lift may have to be mounted in certain situations. 3.6.9 Exterior walls Cracks, water leakages and mortar joints should be properly examined in the building envelope. Further ventilation and openings need to check. 3.6.10 Mechanical and electrical equipment New and energy efficient MEP systems and equipment are often absent in buildings under adaptive reuse. Heating: The efficiency of the heating system for use and occupancy in the new building is determined. Existing boiler and burner and steel piping heating systems could be regenerated for reuse. Ventilation: Ventilation is also required for toilets and kitchens. Fan equipment must be accessible in floor height. If the existing building has a duct, obstructions, deterioration and air leakage should be tested. Office and industrial premises require ventilation. Weather: Climate ducts and equipment can be expensive and require a lot of ceiling space. So more of traditional methods should be used as it the old structure, plus the new technology will not go with the old structure. Plumbing: The ancient buildings used galvanized iron plumbing pipes that could be severely damaged over the years. If damaged, it is important to estimate and repair the correct relation to municipal sews. Electrical: Although electrical wiring still remains intact, fire codes may not apply to doors, junction boxes, and electrical feeders. The switchboards can also be obsolete and repaired. Additional transformer vaults and feeder lines must also be decided by the designer and engineers. Pg |18

3.6.11 Roof and waterproofing The roof, the parapets and cornices typically involve older building systems. Corrosion is involved in the projection of metal cornices. Parapets can be broken and the mortar joints damaged. The top-floor ceiling can be carefully examined to prevent water leaks. 3.6.12 Stairways and exits Staircases and exits should be made according to the present day byelaws. New placement of exits and staircase should not be burden on the old structure as well should be planed wisely with minimum negative. 3.6.13 Designing to Save Energy The redesign of the existing structure for modern use must take into account the techniques to conserve energy. The most effective strategies for conserving energy include increasing heating and cooling loads by means of construction envelopes, enhancing the capacity for natural ventilation, using sunlight and energy efficient lighting equipment, etc. 3.6.14 Building Envelope An exterior of a house protects the structure against the outside environment. The buildings employ automatic heating and cooling systems to avoid the harsh temperatures of the outside causing discomfort to the occupants. The heating and cooling charges for the mechanical equipment might be large if the building structure is not well-designed. And for being cost effective old traditional methods should be used with respect to current climatic conditions. 3.6.15 Windows and Doors Arrangement to windows and doors on external wall assembly can change whole scenario of that the structure is energy effective or will increase the maintenance cost. It is important to look after the openings and do the changes according to the climate. 3.6.16 Roof Roof is one of the main source of heat loss and should be installed keeping in mind the climatic conditions. Therefore, roof insulation is must. By inserting dead buffer spaces such as crawl spaces under the roof, another passive strategy is to isolate living spaces from the roof. 3.6.17 Floor Flooring can be installed in many ways, but the task here is which flooring will insulate the weather, and suit the building envelope as well as the users. Durability and stability is must is adaptive reuse as doing construction many times may affect the stability of the structure. 3.6.18 Disassembly Sequence Planning Disassembling Sequence planning is beneficial for both owner and designers as in adaptive reuse, removable of old frames and unused structures which not suiting the present adaptive design, can later be reuse and recycle. This is the only optimizing way of reusing the building effectively. This disassembly planning sequence aims to reduce the environmental impacts caused due to demolition using a “rule-base recursive analysis system” with practical and viable solutions.

Fig 18: Goa

Source: Author

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

3.7 Criteria for adapting reuse: Obsolescence Built Form

Physical

Functional

Economical

All the obsolescence built form can be called as all natural results of the rapid change of technology. Less hazardous among all is physical obsolescence built form, as it can easily be repaired and bring back to its original state. Whereas functional and economical obsolescence built form happens more often and funds to repair them or boost up the locality for economical obsolescence form, which are primary causes of dereliction and destruction of homes. Criteria for deciding, structure should be demolished, conserved or reuse. Some of these determining criteria includeSocietal value: It is important to look after the societal value while doing any adaptive reuse project, as the nearby locality people should not make any hindrance later on. And to get the Potential for the reuse: Serval site visit is made only to ensure the overall physical damages and the stability of the structure. Historical importance: Its importance to understand to relevance and the historic existence of the structure, before proceeding to make it an adaptive reuse project. Natural ecological conditions: This is done to check the climatic conditions of the site, then all proposal work is done.

Fig 19: Kapren, Kota

Source: Author

Pg |20

3.8 Factors influencing the adaptive use method:

Designers, stakeholders, and all the concern members go through the process of making decision to know whether the building is suitable for remodelling, demolish, conservation. Following criteria is being set: 3.8.1 Economic considerations: It is the important consideration as development cost, market value, and financial stability is driven from this. It is well knowing that new build may cost more, but it can be designed according to the requirements whereas reusing a structure may cost less as compared to new structure but the hassle and input is high. 3.8.2 Capital Investment: It is important to know about the capital investment before starting the project which includes marketing, development and construction cost and maintenance cost. Owners are concerned about the energy and environmental performances of the old existing assets as well as structure. Even need to keep a buffer amount for repairs and maintenances. 3.8.3 Asset Condition: Sometimes some built conditions are not suitable for adaptive reuse due to the nature of requirement. The most important factors of asset condition is to check building structural integrity, spatial planning, service planning. 3.8.4 Regulations: Designers and architect need to follow the new present scenario bylaws. And this is difficult task to carried out for the architects/ designers as the structure is already constructed. Bylaws for entry exists, fire safety, rain water harvesting is difficult o carried out. 3.8.5 Social Considerations: Presences of abandoned building cause disruption is society, theft and illegal activities may increase. So keeping in mind the adaptive use is done. 3.8.6 Environmental consideration: As building consumes high amount of energy in their life span. New construction leans to use of new materials and other resources which embodies more energy. Infact demolishing old structure and constructing new over them lead to heavy harmful effect on the environment. Considering this, the idea if adaptive use came up. 3.8.7 Water efficiency: Water plays an important part in building life. Water is use in every stage of building from in the site construction to extraction of materials to landscaping. And in the other hand using old structure again the water usage is decrease very much. 3.8.8 Energy conservation: Same as water energy is used in every stage of building. To control this and reduce global warming adaptive reuse project is importance as the operational energy is being saved already and the old traditional architecture saves more energy during use. 3.8.9 Material and resources: Construction materials and resources is come from earth, which lead limited ad harmful for the environment. So minimum use of new material and recycling old material is the only best option left.

3.9 Challenges and limitation faced The following are challenges in implementing adaptive reuse: Physical Limitation: Structural limitations associated with the preservation of aesthetically pleasing, architectural/ historical features may make it difficult to incorporate a new use into an existing structure and may require additional ingenuity and versatility. Regulatory Constraints: Zoning, construction permits and other urban planning codes can be preexisting structures and therefore their rehabilitation to meet new standards can be difficult. Potential Environment Hazards: Constructions and environmental such as asbestos and lead may be present, requiring expensive mitigation.

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

3.10 Process of adapting for reuse

To adapt buildings to contemporary needs, a smart and responsive approach to issues and restrictions dictated by the measurements, requirements and materials of the current structure is important. It is important to consider what savings are possible and what needs to be updated in order to ensure that the system is stable and the resulting building follows current standards of safety, usability and safety. Some important steps are: 1. Significance of the place 2. Determine a level of change 3. Conserve the relationship between the setting and preserve significant views to and from. 4. Provide for the long-term management and viability 5. Reveal and interpret 6. Health & Safety 7. Security 8. Energy Efficiency 9. Documentation

3.11 Impact of Adaptive Reuse on surrounding

1. Design that can be implemented on the old structures should be more prominent in the society. Good adaptive use project will bring development in the society, boost the economy and increase tourism. 2. Urban regeneration: the reuse projects is very important for the urban regeneration as the process implies technologies and design that can complement the old structure and fulfil the requirements without destroying the old structure. 3. It will also impact n the environment and energy foot print will also decrease.

Fig 20: Kapren, Kota

Source: Author

Pg |22

3.11 Adaptive use strategies

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

To analyse factors that are affecting the outcome of reuse

To conclude the effect on urban liveability from reuse

Pg |24

Chapter 4 :Live and Literature 4.1 Introduction

case studies

By studying live and literature case studies as it will help in analysing the type of abandoned buildings and its various uses. By studying and analysing the documents from online and then using its pros and try to eliminate its flaws final design will help in bring out the project well.

Baradari, city palace Jaipur

Introduction The site is located in the wall city of Jaipur, Rajasthan. The site is a heritage and come under the royal families of Jaipur. Project that are reused form a heritage, is not only the project but a mix of old centuries elements and modern aesthetic. It is important to preserve the heritage and at the same time use as a modern era building. Preservation of such project includes special care on restoration. Context

As the site sits in the wall city of historic Jaipur in palace museum built in the 18th century. Transforming a portion of historic city palace museum into Baradari which means pavilion with twelve columns, contemporary fine dining café and dinning with a rich architectural roots.

Fig 21: Entrance of cafe

Fig 22: Baradari ( Pavilion 12 doors)

Source: Author

The royal family wants to redevelop the 1300 M2 area of the palace as a café and fine dining which will be attractive for both the localities and tourist. The design includes café, private dining, bars and private lounge for 200 patrons. DESIGN APPROACH + CORE IDEAS To preserve and restore the heritage, the team had done a deep research of Jaipur and its heritage with the royal features of architecture. Intensive study of the existing function, the additional spaces, and how the proposed the new function with old spaces was the main task. And the design is derived with the principal of Baradari with means pavilion with twelve doors.

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

Source: Author

Fig 23: Courtyard, Baradari cafe

Just an extension of restaurant was never a design solution, rather using courtyard as binding element for new program. For this the 20-yearold existing structure of toilet is been dismantled and moved to the opposite direction, to open up the space for visual and spatial connection. A new design element was inserted Baradari (pavilion with twelve columns) in from of bar in the Centre of courtyard which is now divided into two zones, courtyard seating and pavilion bar with lounge. The courtyard become a connector between the city palace museum and the city, as it caters two main entrance – making courtyard as a semi private spine. This design methodology inspires both tourist and local to understand the old abandoned structure with new perspective.

Fig 24: Inner view, Baradari cafe

Source: Author Pg |26

Fig 24: Courtyard, Baradari cafe

Source: Author

The old structure needs to be renovated as it gives an expression of shedding layers of paint and cement. The walls are restored with the help of local material of Rajasthan lime mortar, cured slaked lime, crushed sandstone and brick with various ingredients, including fermented fenugreek, guggal resin, jaggery, to give the natural Jaipur pink color to the plaster. Removing the recent layers of paint and plaster to revel the old heritage stone masonry look. To give the contemporary appearance of handcrafted marble design and brass emphasizes the texture and form of heritage structure, inspired pavilion enhances the surrounding and the contemporary look and given a new identity to the place.

SECTION AA’

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

OLD SITE PLAN

NEW SITE PLAN

SECTION BB’ Pg |28

Fig 25: Top View, Baradari cafe

Source: Net

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

Fig 26: Open seating, Baradari cafe

Fig 27: Water body, Baradari cafe

Source: Author

Source: Author Pg |30

Reinterpreting Craft To seek the balanced interplay of historic revelation with contemporary additions, interpreting the underlying of Indo-saracenic influences of Jaipur architecture. Tradition Jaipur craftsmanship with a mix of modern design, it has enhanced the look from flooring to furniture. By giving a rich tribute to craftsmanship and several anonymous artisans, this place gives a strong personality of contemporary. Fluted marble water cascade at one end of the courtyard and black and white marble flooring traditional Rajasthani leheriya pattern creates a micro-environment. It also helps the maintain the coolness in summers. Marble benches in veranda creates intimate dining space. Using traditional craft of Jaipur like thikri (mirror) work, stone and marble leheriya pattern has worked upon new idiotism, using it with new form and manner for adaptive reuse. Stone work and inlay work in done from structure to flooring to furniture had been given a ultimate expression. Local skilled craftsman in marble is given a expressions look for flooring, benches, table tops, dada work. Pavilion which is inspired by Baradari is made using metal, whereas mild steel and brass is used in door design. Using hybrid influences, weaving and upholstery pattern has given design a new lease of design

Fig 28: Baradari cafe

Source: Author

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

Use of low tech and high tech Connecting with nature, use of more low tech technologies and skills like rainwater harvesting and bio-degradable building materials such as lime mortar instead of cement mortar. The waterfall of fluted marble water helps to produce a micro-environment that cools the summer courtyard. Some technologies like air conditioning systems, controlled LED lighting system is being installed for long term energy saving. Social and cultural sustainability: It is very important to maintain and alive the traditional crafts and art as it is a rich legacy of India. By reusing the heritage buildings will anyhow help the society to re-live the old period of India.

Fig 29: Baradari cafe

Source: Author Pg |32

Fig 30: Baradari cafe

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

Source: Author Pg |34

Calcutta Bungalow, Calcutta

Fig 31: Old Calcuttla Bungalow

Calcutta is located in eastern part of India, developed from three riverside villages. As typical north Kolkata or say Calcutta is built in the style of indo saracenic architecture style. The three storied building in 5 Radha Kanta Jew Street is always endure reminiscence of the golden era of Calcutta’s architecture. With time the building started looking dilapidated with lost ornamentation. But the structure has remained strong and intact for around a century now. The building was built in 1926 by Mujumdars. When the building was identified its condition was utter chaos having broken doors and windows frames and grills and sky light was ruined and missing respectively.

Source: Net

Fig 32: Construction timeCalcuttla Bungalow

Source: Net

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

Fig 33: Lobby .Calcuttla Bungalow

Source: Net

Having two minor courtyards and two narrow staircases was one of the challenging task of the project. To conserve and restore the indo saracenic architecture style of Calcutta, refurbishment took place under the supervision of conservation architect Akhil Ranjan Sarkar. As the main focus was to keep the structure intact without changing its original look and using old construction materials and techniques to keep the heritage alive. And the interior charge was given to scenographer Swarup Dutta, who was an expect in blending old heritage with modern world amenities. With the collaboration of both conservation architect and scenographer the boutique hotel was ready to use within few years and was christened as Calcutta bungalow, although it was not a bungalow but to show the togetherness it is named. Its officially inaugurated on 7th May 2018.

Pg |36

The Calcutta bungalow houses have six room each representing six different nearby neighborhood of the city. The rooms represent the professions of six different plans and is being use local material to ornament them. As a replacement for of carpet, bamboo mat (madur) is been use entirely on floors of the rooms. Each room is provided with typewriter, so that guest can feel the old vintage. On the top of this each room is beatified with chandeliers, as nothing is going to blend with so incredibly with vintage look of each room.

Source: Net

Fig 34: Recepion, Calcuttla Bungalow

The reception is named as Baithakkana, is decorated with old antique furniture like old look metal stools, old and heritage paintings is hung from the wall to enhance the vintage and heritage look. Attached with the reception, a small souvenir shop is setup to sell the memorabilia related to Calcutta. And the lounge is named Addakhana. The dining area has one big dining table for the guest to each together and interact with each other, and it is named Notunbazar.

Fig 35: Construction timeCalcuttla Bungalow

Source: Net

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

Fig 36: Seating area, Calcuttla Bungalow

Fig 37: Typewriter, Calcuttla Bungalow

Source: Net

Source: Net Pg |38

There is only one room on ground floor which is represented as the painter’s quarters, and the walls are ornamented with potua paintings (folk art of Bengal) and is named Potuapara. The first floor consists of two rooms Jatrapara and Mochipara. Jatrapara was a theatre artist which has a collage of Jatra posters, in the neighborhood of the city. Dramatic names like Desh Bechbo Dalal Chai, Sadhu Saithan and Mondir Pelona Protima were written on earthen plates and used to hang as wall hangings. In the second room named Mochipara, the cobbler’s quarter – a large installation made from numerous wooden shoe is been displayed as a decoration, it is done to repertoire to celebrate the craftsmanship. Also leather and tanned leather bags that was used earlier by the train and bus conductors are also been displayed.

Fig 38: Room, Calcuttla Bungalow

Source: Net

The second floor have three rooms Boipara, Sahibpara and Darzipara. Boipara is been decorated on the theme of book seller locality, this house is full of books shelve having books of Julius Fucik’s Phansir Mancha Theke, Sukumar Samagra, Abanindranath Tagore’s Raj Kahini. Darzipara, the tailor’s community this room is been ornamented with framed scissors and sewing machine table and with a wooden printing blocks. It is dedicated to dressmakers of yesteryear

Fig 39: Room, Calcuttla Bungalow

Source: Net

The sixth room Sahibpara, is dedicated to man’s quarter and on the top this the room has a massive sized brass bath tub in the bathroom, the sign of vintage wealth. The room was embossed with old maps, photographs of old Calcutta, portrait of queen Victoria, Victorian buggy lights with arched windows and attractive lunettes. The style of this room is been dedicated to white town. The main task was to repair the bathroom services as the building was very old.

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

Fig 40: Washroom, Calcuttla Bungalow

Source: Net

The dining room Notunbazar is located at the middle of the first floor and it is being decorated with changs or old loudspeakers which is been used as a lamps. With huge size sandesh moulds and nylon tholi (shopping bags) is been put on the wall hangings. The stair landings, the exposed spaces, the courtyards, the corners are being equipped with antics. The antics includes railway guard light, old fashion iron, old photo framed. Also the switches are same as the old Calcutta buildings. Even the terrace is being treated as a rooftop café having a resting armchairs.

Fig 41: Courtyard, Calcuttla Bungalow

Source: Net

Pg |40

Alembic

industrial heritage and redevelopment at Vadodara The factory is located in the middle of the city Vadodara, next to main railway line of the city of Baroda. The factory was established in 1907, having area of 92 acres approximately in Vadodara, Gujarat. In its long existence of 112 years work typology of the factory is changed many times from glassware to tinctures, penicillin to alcohol, spirits to dry ice, ethyl chloride. Due to long time span, the building uses changes from its original purpose. Fig 42: Site, Vadodara

Source: Net

In terms of the material and physical condition of the room, the key aim was to preserve the original sprit of the house. In the original building, the only architectural feature that was incorporated was partition walls between studio spaces. As the latest construction of arches, and is seen as much as possible. The thickness of the main load bearing walls is 450mm, which gives exceptional insulation to the interior. To avoid sand blasting and water jet therapy walls are being completed in order to remove Fig 43: Inside site view, Vadodara

Source: Net

Another major architectural element to be focus was roof. Trusses are riveted as opposed to being welded. The old existing exterior roof material is of Mangalore tiles. To give the original raw look old terracotta tiles were replaced with the new ones and purlins and rafters were left exposed to express the quality of the structure. Spatial Planning: The master plan was made in such a way so that all the requirements can be included like museum, artist studios, exhibition space with ancillary spaces for library and cafe, restaurant, gym, and few retail outlets. To cater all the amenities, functional spaces were distributed into numerous blocks for better adaptive reuse of the old building. Block 1 and 2 is selected for Alembic museum, block 3 for exhibition spaces and temporary as well as permanent shops, block 4 and 5 for studios

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

Fig 44: Construction time , Vadodara

Fig 45: Arch view , Vadodara

Source: Net

Source: Net Pg |42

Fig 46: New plan , Vadodara

Source: Net

Materials and elements:

Material selection was highly sensitive as to keep the old spirit alive while redesigning the use of building. As it is important to choose the similar materials which is used earlier to retrieve the building old heritage look. Masonry with lime plaster is use to match the material reuse. Arches are the main elements of this old building. The opening of as many arches were possible is done, which has been blocked during the industrial usage. The peel off plaster is kept the same to showcase the modern yet classic industrial built space. Alembic factory is a place which has seen heavy chemical fumes to industrial borne art gallery.

Fig 47: Inside view , Vadodara

Source: Net

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

Fig 48: Inside view , Vadodara

Source: Net

Pg |44

Parameters and evaluation table

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

Fig 49: Inside view Theatre , Ahemdabad

Source: Net

Pg |46

Chapter 5 : Experimenting

Fig 50: Key Plan, Jaipur

Source: Author

MAP OF RICCO INDUSTRAIL AREA, JAIPUR Introduction : The site comes under ricco jalana industrail area, jaipur. The site lies on main national highway 248.As the malls are located in industrial area, the footfall of the mall started declining year by year. As the people living here are mostly the factory labours, and low income people. The main reason mallls didnt workout is because of the location. By analying the suituation , proposal of co- working spaces and offices is made. As in C2 Plaza mall their is an existing office space which is being used by teleperformace company. as its running quit well.

Fig 51: Jalsa Mall, Jaipur

Source: Author

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

An Adaptive Reuse of Abandoned Malls C2 PLAZA SITE AREA :- 10632 SQ MT GROUND COVERAGE :- 600 SQ MT. BUILT UP AREA :- 5700 SQ MT. BASEMENT AREA :- 2600 BASEMENTS :- 2 BASEMENTS ( ONE FOR COMMERCIAL AND ONE FOR PARKING PURPOSE) FLOOR TO FLOOR HEIGHT :- 2.4 M TOTAL HEIGHT :- 28 M TOTAL FLOORS :- G+10 JASLA

BUILT 2012 TOTAL PLOT AREA :5000sq.m /2.50 ACRE LAND OWNER : SUDHEER KUKKAD TOTAL NUMBER OF SHOPS :900 60% OF TOTAL NO. OF SHOPS ARE SOLD OUT BASEMENT PARKING LOCATION ADVANTAGES : -AIRPORT 4.4 KM -RAILWAY STATION 4.1KM -SCHOOLS 8MIN -HOSPITALS 8MIN

Fig 52: C2 Plaza, Jaipur

Source: Author

Pg |48

PROPOSED LAYOUT OF OFFICE LAYOUT FOR C2 PLAZA MALL

EXISTING C2 PLAZAMALL FLOOR LAYOUT

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

PROPOSED LAYOUT OF OFFICE LAYOUT FOR JALSA MA LL

EXISTING JALSA MALL FLOOR LAYOUT

Pg |50

Jaleb Chowk, Jaipur

Jaipur

Wall City

Jaleb Chowk Site

5.1 Introduction Jaleb means “cordon”. The rulers and maharaja’s house guards were stationed in courtyard. There was a beda means band of Jalebdaran who guarded the procession of the Maharaja and formed a cordon by holding a cotton rope around the royal paraphernalia. Later, the employees were deployed for watch and duties at the palace gates During the time of Maharaja Sawai ram Singh II, the Jaleb chowk was converted inti a court complex. Court room with verandahs was constructed on all the four sides. Bawan kachehris which means courthouse. The total number of courthouse were fifty-two. From that time all the revenue, judicial and municipal offices functioned in Jaleb Chowk. As Jaleb chowk was surrounded with City Palace, Jantar mantar, Jaipur famous temple Govind devaji. there are four main entrance of Jaleb chowk. In the north-eastern corner stands the majestic State Council Hall of the chowk with adjacent rooms for the staff and a beautiful park in the front. The large gate of north eastern building and the back presents an Anglo-Indian architectural sight in the Sireh Deorhi Bazaar. The Council of eight ministers used to hold their daily sessions. Later it was used as Rajasthan Legislative Assembly for 50 years which was later shifted to Jyoti nagar, Lal khoti, Jaipur. From 1952 to 2000 it was operated in Sawai Man Singh town hall.

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

Fig 52: Jaleb chowk, Jaipur

Source: Author

Fig 53: First Floor terrace ,Jaleb chowk

Source: Author Pg |52

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

Fig 54: ,Jaleb chowk

Fig 55: Jaleb chowk, Jaipur

Source: Author

Pg |54

Fig 56: Rathkhana ka Darwaza

Fig 57: Dundubhi Pol in the east

Source: Author

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

Fig 58: Ayodhya Pol

Fig 59: Khana ka Darwaza

Source: Author

Pg |56

There are four gates of Jaleb chowk opening in all the four directions. Dundubhi Pol in the east Govind Devaji ka Darwaza also called as Baggi – Khana ka Darwaza in north Pital ke Kinwadon ki Deodhi originally Ayodhya Pol in west, which leads to one of the entrance of City Palace. Rathkhana ka Darwaza or diwan khana ka Darwaza in south. Inside the Ayodhya Pol, there are many smaller courtyard containing sitaram Darwaza. The Treasury offices of the former Jaipur State were at one time here, but offices have been shifted to the collectorate offices in Bani park. Some others offices like forest department etc., were also been shifted from here.

Fig 60: Abandoned Structure, Jaleb chowk

Fig 61: Tea stall, Jaleb chowk

Source: Author

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

Fig 62: Abandoned Structure, Jaleb chowk

Fig 63: Abandoned Structure, Jaleb chowk

Source: Author

Source: Author Pg |58

Fig 64: Coorridor, Jaleb chowk

Fig 65: City Palace Gate, Jaleb chowk

Source: Author

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

Fig 66: Inside, Jaleb chowk

Source: Author

Fig 67: Terrace, Jaleb chowk

Source: Author

Pg |60

Fig 68: Inside, Jaleb chowk

Fig 69: View, Jaleb chowk

Source: Author

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

Fig 70: Inside, Jaleb chowk

Source: Author

Pg |62

Maharaja Ram singh (1835-80 AD)Till the time, there was a one storey building surrounded all around with the chowk, but this king made a corridor ahead and added one more floor. In these, fifty-two Kacheharias of Jaipur state were established, which was a place of great importance for both the king and the subjects in terms of chance. Ramsingh built the building of council on the south-eastern corner of this square, the arch of the entrance of which is neither Rajput nor Mughal. By that time, the British had gone through a lot of touring and all the buildings built by Ramsingh had a Roman style impression. The traditional architectural style of Jaipur reached its peak during the time of Sawai Pratapsingh (1778–1803E) and was the time of the confluence of the medieval and modern era. The building of council (now Rajasthan Legislative Assembly building) from Sirah Deodhi market, then its grandeur and grandeur affect but the doors of Bandarbal, Sanskrit college in front, and the world famous Hawa Mahal, Govardhanathji’s temple and Madan Mohan. Its “Modern Eggs” (modern angles) do not really match the “classical confessions” (traditional circulars) of buildings like the Temple of Govind dev Ji.The uniformity of Jaleb Chowk is maintained by the Udaipol in front of Dundarbhipol and the peacocks formed face to face in the north and south sides. From Mori on the south, the astrology leads to the Yantralaya and Mubarak Mahal and the northern Mori leads to the famous temple of Govinddevji in front of the Philkhane (handicraft) and Baggikhana. From Udaipol is the route leading to Ioji or Khasmahal of Sirah.15–16 ‘Mahi-Mari was also a mark of honor received in the award of royal grace. It was Garsa of Maadi in Mami and in Sunari Gone over Matim Sunday Royalty

Fig 71: View, Jaleb chowk

Source: Author

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

Fig 72: View, Jaleb chowk

Source: Author

Fig 73: Inside, Jaleb chowk

Source: Author

Pg |64

Chapter 6 : ANALYSIS AND RESULT

6.1 Analysis: After doing the deep study on abandoned structure and adaptive reuse of abandoned structure. Here is my understanding: 1. As in my study, I have first understood what is an abandoned buildings and its various other factor that is important for adaptive use. 2. After that I have researched about the adaptive reuse, its need and importance 3. The factors that affect the adaptive use and its material. 4. My main focus of learning was how to reuse old historic buildings that are been abandoned form long time, make society understand the importance of its existence, 5. I learned that old historic building foundation and material are so strong and durable that adaptive use of the structure is possible. 6. Through my case studies, I learned that, reusing any structure take lot of affords and research of materials and techniques. 7. Also doing adaptive use is beneficial for both environment and economy. As it saves land use, construction material, water and other non-renewable resources. And also helps in boosting economy as its creates job opportunities, tourism etc.

6.2 Result

After understanding topic “An Alternative use of Abandoned Building”. I have tried to apply all my learning and understanding of the topic, to a live site that is Jaleb chowk in Jaipur. As the site comes under the wall city, and is surrounded with historic and heritage structures. It has to be designed carefully, keeping is mind all the wall city policies as well as Rajasthan tourism policy. The main task was to re-alive the old existence of that space keeping the building heritage preserved and maintained but with a touch of modern era. As old space need to be reuse but keeping in mind the need of modern society.

Anarchitecture: An Alternative Use of Abandoned Buildings | 2020

Chapter 7 : CONCLUSION

The main focus of this dissertation was to understand the important and the need of historic buildings and knows how vital role they play in each individual. And also to know that how old abandoned building like forts, school buildings, hospitals, malls can be effectively reuse and able to make good job opportunities and increase tourism. The aim of the research is to provide a systematic approach in revitalizing buildings through adaptive reuse methods in order to avoid building from being abandoned and give a negative impact on the locals and location. As the first and most important objective of my research was to understand the importance of adaptive use of abandoned buildings towards the society, it is widely explained in chapter 1. The second most objective was to analysis its existence in urban life, location, possessions, social and political pressure towards the adaptive reuse. With increasing need of people how abandoned buildings play a vital role for society, environment as well for the architects and giving the solutions for reuse of abandoned building main focus will be on heritage building keeping in mind the various factors that depend on it. And in the end a note that in adaptive reuse we mostly talk about old buildings and not about modern era building.

Pg |66

Bibliography Chapter 1 : Outline Chapter 2 : Abandoned Building 1. https://www.firearson.com/uploads/Speaker-Notes-Community-Group-Leader.pdf 2. https://journalistsresource.org/studies/government/municipal/abandoned-buildings-revitalization/#:~:text=Vacant%20and%20abandoned%20properties%20are,vacancy%20to%20neighborhood%20market%20 conditions.%E2%80%9D Chapter 3 : 1. https://www.architecturelab.net/adaptive-reuse/ 2. http://comptonllc.com/a-guide-into-adaptive-reuse-construction/ Chapter 4 : Live and Literature case studies Baradari, City palace, Jaipur 1. https://www.archdaily.com/tag/jaipur 2. https://studiolotus.in/showcase/baradari-at-city-palace-jaipur/79 3. https://architecturelive.in/adaptive-reuse-baradari-city-palace-jaipur-by-studio-lotus/ 4. https://projects.archiexpo.com/project-257814.html 5. https://inhabitat.com/an-ancient-jaipur-palace-property-is-transformed-into-a-modern-restaurant/ 6. https://www.world-architects.com/en/studio-lotus-new-delhi/project/baradari-city-palace-jaipur Calcutta Bungalow, Calcutta 1. https://rangandatta.wordpress.com/2018/05/10/calcutta-bungalow-heritage-bed-breakfast-an-initiative-of-calcutta-walks/ 2. https://two-together.com/calcutta-bungalow/ 3. https://calcuttabungalow.com/the-story/ 4. https://calcuttabungalow.com/ 5. https://www.destinasian.com/blog/news-briefs/a-look-at-kolkatas-grand-architectural-heritage 6. https://www.booking.com/hotel/in/calcutta-bungalow.en-gb.html?activeTab=photosGallery Alembic industrial heritage and redevelopment at Vadodara 1. https://archello.com/project/alembic-industrial-heritage-re-development 2. https://thearchinsider.com/conservation-to-contemporary-the-alembic-factory-vadodara-gujarat/ 3. https://architecturelive.in/industrial-heritage-karan-grover-associates/

Chapter 5 : Jaleb Chowk, Jaipur 1. The Sawai Ram Singh, book 2. A Guide to Jaipur and Amber 3. Jaipur City

LIST OF FIGURES Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig

1: Krushnai Resort, Lonavla 2: Raja MahainTder Pratap Building, Keshi ghat Vrindavan 3: Raja MahainTder Pratap Building, Keshi ghat Vrindavan 4: Raja MahainTder Pratap Building, Keshi ghat Vrindavan 4: Raja MahainTder Pratap Building, Keshi ghat Vrindavan 5: Kapren Fort, Kota 6: Deccan, Pune 7: Lonala 7: Raja MahainTder Pratap Building, Keshi ghat 8: Old City, Ahemdabad 9: Chennai 10: Old City, Ahemdabad 11: Old City, Ahemdabad 12: Pune 13: Diwanji ni Hawali, Ahemdabad 14: Diwanji ni Hawali, Ahemdabad 15: Bhangarh, Jaipur 16: M.I Road, Jaipur 17: Kapren, Kota 18: Goa 19: Kapren, Kota 20: Kapren, Kota 21: Entrance of cafe 22: Baradari ( Pavilion 12 doors) 23: Courtyard, Baradari cafe 24: Inner view, Baradari cafe 24: Courtyard, Baradari cafe 25: Top View, Baradari cafe 26: Open seating, Baradari cafe 27: Water body, Baradari cafe 28: Baradari cafe 29: Baradari cafe 30: Baradari cafe 31: Old Calcuttla Bungalow 32: Construction timeCalcuttla Bungalow 33: Lobby .Calcuttla Bungalow 34: Recepion, Calcuttla Bungalow 35: Construction timeCalcuttla Bungalow 36: Seating area, Calcuttla Bungalow 37: Typewriter, Calcuttla Bungalow 38: Room, Calcuttla Bungalow 39: Room, Calcuttla Bungalow 40: Washroom, Calcuttla Bungalow 41: Courtyard, Calcuttla Bungalow 42: Site, Vadodara 43: Inside site view, Vadodara 44: Construction time , Vadodara 45: Arch view , Vadodara 47: Inside view , Vadodara 48: Inside view , Vadodara 49: Inside view Theatre , Ahemdabad 50: Key Plan, Jaipur 51: Jalsa Mall, Jaipur 52: C2 Plaza, Jaipur 52: Jaleb chowk, Jaipur 53: First Floor terrace ,Jaleb chowk 54: ,Jaleb chowk 55: Jaleb chowk, Jaipur

Fig 56: Rathkhana ka Darwaza Fig 57: Dundubhi Pol in the east Fig 58: Ayodhya Pol Fig 59: Khana ka Darwaza Fig 60: Abandoned Structure, Jaleb chowk Fig 61: Tea stall, Jaleb chowk Fig 62: Abandoned Structure, Jaleb chowk Fig 63: Abandoned Structure, Jaleb chowk Fig 64: Coorridor, Jaleb chowk Fig 65: City Palace Gate, Jaleb chowk Fig 66: Inside, Jaleb chowk Fig 67: Terrace, Jaleb chowk Fig 68: Inside, Jaleb chowk Fig 69: View, Jaleb chowk Fig 70: Inside, Jaleb chowk Fig 71: View, Jaleb chowk Fig 72: View, Jaleb chowk Fig 73: Inside, Jaleb chowk

Thank you