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Studio Report Week 6 Weekly Quiz Quiz 06 and discussion of the Quiz
1. Compression: is a characteristic of mass construction 2. Forces are: defined by line of action sense and magnitude. 3. Why do we use scales? To represent larger elements in smaller or larger format and for practical reasons. 4. Symbolic representation of window 5. Polycarbonate sheets: it is often used as a partition board on the roof to let light pass through due to its transparent quality
Structures Focus: Tension and Compression: Both are characteristics of mass construction. TENSION FORCES is when an external load pulls on a structural member, the particles composing the material move apart and undergo tension. COMPRESSION FORCES produces the opposite effect of a tension force. When an external load pushes on a structural member, the particles of the material compact together. Forces and Scales: defined by line of action sense and magnitude. We use scale to represent larger elements in smaller or larger magnitude. Load Path Diagrams: Load takes the most direct routes down. Applied has a force act against upward. Equal and opposite in force to be stable.
Activity: ‘Compression’ Aim: To build a tower as high as possible using the least amount of materials. The structure needs to be stable and be able to accommodate the toy provided. Intended outcomes: to understand the nature and behavior of modular mass construction and how loads are transferred in compression structures. Material: Wood blocks, toy animal. Process: Planning:
1. 2. 3. 4.
Plan: think about the scale of the building Block – laying technique. Horizontal: less subject of lactic force, more stable. Symmetrical if possible: loads transferred evenly to the ground Shape of tower: Hollow cylinder, cuboid, trapezoid?
Building Process We chose to build in a hollow cylinder shape without considering much of the outcomes because we thought it would be more stable if it’s build in circle.
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Laying technique: We chose the first one because it’s more stable. Carefully building up Load transferring Arch and its load transferring We tried to slowly close as it built up to reduce the amount of materials being used. Inconsistency in layering is shown in the picture due to the perimeter change. Results from other groups Stability test passed Carefully taking out some blocks from the building. Observation: the bottom part of the model, including the arch become more stable as we slowly build up due to the raising loads on top of it.
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Reflection: 1. Considering the outline of the animal, it would be more material efficient to adopt an oval shape instead of circle for our construction in order to make the house as close to the shape of the animal as possible. 2. We need to improve our time management and make decisions more quickly. The Tower could have been much taller.
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Learning Loop Pre-learning
Different loads on buildings Static Loads -
Dead loads Settlement loads Ground pressure Water pressure
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Thermal stresses Live loads Occupancy loads Snow loads
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Rain loads Impact loads
Dynamic Loads
Wind loads Earthquake loads What is force? Different forces and how to calculate them. Tension and compression forces How design is transformed to build forms: time lapse Different nature of materials: strength, stiffness, shape, material behaviors and economy and sustainability. Melbourne Bluestone: How natural environment inform the cultural environment of the city of Melbourne Load path: consider how loads and forces are transferred through structures. In order for the structure to be stable, the forces must be stable on both sides. Introduction to the importance of passive design and why is it important to consider the context for a building to be considered successful. What to include in a site analysis Soils: course-grained and fine-grained. Soil mechanics: the strength of soil and embankment Topography and how to build on them Plant materials and their application in bringing comfort to our living environment Solar radiation and orientation of houses in different regions Passive solar design and shading Daylighting Precipitation and site drainage Wind and windows Sound and view Zoning ordinance and regulations
Site access and circulations Building on slopes and retaining walls Paving What to include in the site plan
Studio
Started by giving an introduction to the course and the materials that we need to obtain for the following weeks.
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Weekly quizzes 01 Discussion of the weekly quizzes Activity: ‘Compression’: Build a tower as high as possible using the least amount of material and must be able to accommodate toy provided Planning → recording while construction → stability test → deconstruction -
Glossary Beam is a structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting bending. Brick is rectangular block of baked clay used as building material. Bricks are usually red or brown in color. Compression: A compression force produces the opposite effect of a tension force. When an external load pushes on a structural member, the particles of the material compact together. Compression forces result in the shortening of the material. Distributed load is a load distributed evenly over the entire length of a structural member or the surface of a floor or roof, expressed in weight per length or weight per area. Flutter: the rapid oscillations of a flexible cable or membrane structure caused by the aerodynamic effects of wind. Force is any influence that produces a change in the shape or movement of a body. (Ching 2.11) Load Path is the direction in which each consecutive load will pass through connected members. The sequence commences at the highest point of the structure working all the way down to the footing system, ultimately transferring the total load of the structure to the foundation. Reaction force is a force acts against action force, and is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to it. Masonry is the building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar; can also refer to the units themselves. The common materials of masonry construction are brick, stone, marble…etc Mortar is a workable paste used to bind building blocks such as stones, bricks and concrete masonry units together, fill and seal the irregular gaps between them. Point Load is a point where a bearing or structural weight is intense and transferred to the foundation even though it is usually not applied at a sharp point, expressed in weight per length or weight per area. Scale: The ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the ground. To represent larger elements in smaller or larger format and for practical reasons. Static Loads are assured to be applied slowly to a structure until it reaches its peak value without fluctuating rapidly in magnitude or position. Under static load, a structure responds slowly and its deformation reaches a peak when the static force is maximum. (Ching 2.08) Tension: When an external load pulls on a structural member, the particles composing the
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material move apart and undergo tension. Tension forces stretch and elongate the material. The amount of elongation depends on the stiffness of the material, cross sectional area, and the magnitude of the load.
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Bibliography https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/toolbox/buildright/content/bcgbc4010a/01_loads_loading/ 01_primary_loads/page_008.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonry Merriam-Webster dictionary http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_(structure) Ching http://www.dictionaryofconstruction.com/definition/distributed-load.html http://www.photo-dictionary.com/photofiles/list/9841/13352masonry_brick.jpg