gekjk ’kgj
gekjk ?kj
gekjk thou uxjh; {ks=ksa esa lakLd`frd iqutZ UEk vkSj LoLFk thfodk dk LQqVu fo’o Hkj ls vusd lQy ijh{k.k xkFkk;sa
gekjk ’kgj] gekjk ?kj ]gekjk thou Copyleft* 2009 f’k{kkarj vknksayu 83, vkfnukFk uxj mn;iqj, jktLFkku 313004 +91-294-245-1303 www.swaraj.org/shikshantar shikshantar@yahoo.com
* bl fdrkc dsk dksbZ Hkh fgLlk ;k v’ka ys[kdksa o izdk’kdksa dh vfHkLohd`fr ls mi;ksx ;k bLrseky es fy;k tk ldrk gSA
izfs jr mu lc cPpks]a ;qodksa vkSj ifjokjksa ls ftUgksuas mn;iqj dks Kkuo/kZd ’kgj cuk;k gSA vkbZ;s mn;iqj ls lh[kas izfdz;k ds vUrjxr
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mlds vykok fo’o esa QSys mu lc Kkr o vKkr fe=ksa ls tks viuh ’kfDr vuqlkj ’kgjksa dks cny jgs gS vkSj mUgsa jgus yk;d]LoLFk] larfq yr o ldkjkRed cuk jgs gSA
[kk| vgkj Food gokuk &D;wck esa tSfod [kk| inkFkksZa dk mi;ksx ,oa nqfu;k Hkj ds ,sls vU; mnkgj.k ;krk;kr Transport dukMk ds VksjksUVksa esa lkeqnkf;d laLd`fr dk tkxj.k QzkUl ds isfjl esa lkbdyksa dk c<+rk gqvk iz;ksx dksyfEc;k ds cksxksVk vkSj dsuM s k esa dkjksa ls eqfDr lapkj Communication eksckby ds fcu lqduw cz k fty ds lkvks ikvks y k Sao Paolo es a ¼Billboard½ foKkiu&iV~Vksa ls eqfDr mtkZ Energy pkbuk&fjtkgksa esa LoPN mtkZ la;qDr jkT; ¼UK) ds VksVusl ¼Totnes) esa cnyko izkjEHk
vuqØe dpjk Waste vkLVªfs y;k ds dsucjk esa dpjk gS gh ugha] vesfjdk dks lhvsVy Seattle ’kgj ml vksj vxzlj dsuM s k ds Lizhx a Msy Springdale esa IykfLVd FkSfy;ksa ij izfrca/k LFkku Space vesfjdk ds iksVZyM as Portland ’kgj dk lkSUn;Zdj.k vesfjdk ds f’kdkxksa Chicago ’kgj esa gfj;kyh NkbZ
utkjs vksj gksxs] ,slh vk’kk ds lkFk
[kk| vgkj gokuk esa tSfod
¼ Organic½½
food
[kk| dk miHkksx
;|fi D;wck ds gokuk ’kgj esa vf/kdka’kr% bekjrsa ttZj gS] fdUrq ogk¡ ’kk;n gh fdlh fojku IykWV esa dpjs vkSj dkVs ;k ?kkl fn[kkbZ nsA lwus [kkyh IykWV ogk¡ ds vfr lqUnj LFkku gSA tehu ds bu [k.Mksa esa cxhpk yxkus ds fy, ,d vksj x.k mRlqd jgrs gS vkSj nwljh vksj ckyd&ckfydk;sa mUgsa [ksy eSnku cukdj cslcky vkfn [ksyus ds fy, iz;Ru’khy jgrs gSA bl gksM+ esa ekyh thrrs gS D;kafs d ogk dh ljdkj tehu ds [kkyh [k.Mksa esa tSfod [ksrh ds mRiknu dks c<+kok nsrh gSA bldk ifj.kke ;g gqvk gS fd gokuk ds uxjh; {ks=ksa esa vc iqjkus [k.Mjksa vkSj ttZj edkuksa ds vkl&ikl gfj;kyh okys [ksr fn[kkbZ nsrs gSA ;|fi dsLVªkas dh ljdkj us vrhr ds 40 lkyks esa ’kgj ds VwVs fuekZ.kksa ls mRiUu okrkoj.k dh vuns[kh dh] fdUrq fiNys ,d n’kd esa ljdkj us vius la’a kks/ku yxkdj [kkyh iMs Hkw[k.Mksa dks uxjh; [ksrksa esa ifjofrZr fd;k gSA lu~ 2002 esa D;wck ds ukxfjdksa us 35000 gsDVj tehu tksr dj 34 yk[k Vu dk miktZu fd;kA gokuk ’kgj esa gksus okyh rkth oLrqvksa dh [kir dk 90 izfr’kr Hkkx LFkkuh; [ksrksa vkSj cxhpksa ls iSnk gksrk gSA
1990&94 dk dky ,slk Fkk tc iwoZ lksfo;r ;wfu;u us D;wck dks [kk| lkexzh dh vkfFkZd lgk;rk nsuk cUn dj fn;kA blls ogk [kk| inkFkksZa dk vdky lk iM+ x;kA D;wck dk uxjh; [ksrh vkanksyu bl le; esa izkjEHk gqvkA fodYi ds vHkko esa D;wck ds ukxfjdksa us vius NksMs+ gq, IykWVksa esa vko’;d [kk| lkexzh dh mit pkyw dhA uxjh; [ksrh dh ;g ygj u dsoy gokuk esa cfYd D;wck ds vU; ’kgjksa esa Hkh QSy xbZA ifj.kke Lo:i [kk| inkFkksZa dh iSnkoj c<h+ ,oa ukxfjdksa dks rktk o Qk;nsen Hkkstu feyus yxkA
‘’kgj ds [ksr vkSj cxhps fofHkUu Hkkafr vkSj uki ds gSA dqN esa lCth;ksa vkSj tM+h&cqfV;ksa dk xgu mRiknu gksrk gSA ftlds fy, dBksj Hkqfe esa fMCcksa ;k vU; ik=ksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA dqN ,sls NksV& s NksVs IykWV ;k cxhps ;k vkaxu gS ftudk dksbZ ,d ifjokj ;k lewg izcU/k djrk gSA rhljh rjg ds cxhps dkj[kkuksa ;k n¶rjksa ;k O;olkf;d LFkkuksa ds gksrs gS ftues mith [kk| lkexzh mUgha dk;Z{ks=ksa ds dsQVs fs j;k esa dke vkrh gSA dqN ,sls Hkh [k.M gS tgk¡ gokuk ds fuoklh c<+rs gq, chtksa vkSj lCth;ksa dks Nk;k nsus ds fy, fNnz okys VsUVksa dk iz;ksx djrs gSA vkSj dqN lkoZtfud ;k futh miuxjh; [ksr Hkh gSA ;s [ksrs u dsoy mRiknu djrs gS fdUrq ;g Hkh lqfuf’pr djrs gS fd ’kgj dh pkjfnokjh ds ckgj [kkyh tehu voS/kkfud rkSj ls dpjk Qsd a us vkSj xUnxh QSykus ds dwMk?kj u cu ldsAa HkkSxkSfyd vkfFkZd vkSj jktuSfrd dkj.kksa ds dkj.k D;wck ds ukxfjd [ksrh dh tSfod izfØ;k viukrs gSA O;kikfjd izfrcU/kksa ds dkj.k] ns’k ds [kk| mRiknd] fo’o ds vU; ns’kksa ls dhVuk’kd vkSj uk’kdkjh oLrqvksa dk vk;kr ugha dj ldrsA bl dkj.k fdlku uk’k dkjd dhMksa ds lEufor izcU/ku ds fy, ubZ rduhdksa dh [kkst djrs gS rFkk iw.kZr% izkd`frd tSfod [kk| dk iz;ksx djuk lh[k ysrs gSA bl izdkj okrkoj.k esa ’kqf) jgrh gS rFkk ?kuh vkcknh esa uxjh; [ksrksa ds jgrs gq, Hkh LokLFk ij dhVuk’kd oLrqvksa ds tgj dk izHkko ugha iM+rk gSA
food
D;wck ds uxjh; [ksrh dk;ZØe dk ykHk dsoy gokuk ds yksxksa dks gh ugaha feyk gSA fo|ky;ksa vLirkyksa o o`) vkJeksa dks Hkh fudV ds IykWV [ksrksa ls yxkrkj ;k dHkh&dHkh [kk| inkFkksZ dh iwfrZ gksrh gSA ’kgjh cxhpksa miukxfj; [ksrksa vkSj xzkeh.k [ksrksa }kjk miyC/k [kk| lkexh D;wck dks iw.kZ [kk|&lqj{kk iznku djrh gSA‘’kgjh cxhps u dsoy vkgkj iwfrZ djrs gS] ij mlds lkFk&lkFk ’kgj ds {k; dks jksddj vuqie n’kZuh; LFky cu x;s gSA ;|fi ,sls vusd mitkÅ [k.M Åaph Vhyksa dh nhokjksa ds ihNs fNis gq, gS ;k dsys ds isMk+ s dh ?kuh ’kk[kkvksa ds dkj.k vn`’; gS] bafxr djrs gS fd ;|fi lkeus bekjrs ?oLr gks pqds gS ij muds ihNs D;wck esa [kwc mxkbZ gSA lanHkHkZ http//www.metropolismag.com/cda/story.php? artid =150
food
fo’o esa ,sls vksj Hkh mnkgj.k teZuh ds fuokfl;ksa us 1960 esa edku dh Nrksa ij cxhps yxkus dh ubZ rjdhc izkjEHk dhA vkt teZuh es 10 izfr’kr Nrksa ij lCth;k¡] tM+h&cqfV;k] elkys vkSj vU; ikS/ks yxk;s tkrs gSA 2001 esa vesfjdh f’kdkxks egkuxj ds flVhgky dh Nr ij ckxokuh izkjEHk ,d vuwBk mnkgj.k izLrqr fd;k x;kA mlds i’pkr~ ’kgj dh Nrksa ij 20 yk[k oxZQhV lrg ij cxhps yxk;s tk pqds gSA vesfjdk ds dsfyQksfuZ;k esa Food not lawns uke dh ,d laLFkk gS tks ?kj esa jgus okys ekfydksa dks
;g izsj.kk nsrh gS fd edku ds lkeus okys vkSj ihNs okys vkaxu o tehu ij ykWu dh ctk; [kk| oLrq,¡ ;k tMh cwfV;ka dks iSnk djsaA lUnHkZ <www.foodnotlawns.org>
transport
;krk;kr
VksjksUVksa esa lkeqnkf;d laLd`fr dk tkxj.k VksjksUVks esa lkeqnkf;d ,d ,slk rjhdk <q¡< fy;k x;k gS ftlls og viuh fofo/k uxfj; laL—fr dks dk;e j[krs gq, og vius ,d egku lkeqnkf;d dk;ZdrkZ tsu tsdc ds fopkjksa vkSj /kjksgj dks Hkh xkSjkfUor dj ldsA og rjhdk ;g gS fd LFkkuh; fuoklh okf"kd J`[a yk ds rgr fu’kqYd iMkslh LFkkuksa dh iSny ;k=k djsa ;g tkuus ds fy, fd ogk¡ ij yksx dSls jgrs gS\a D;k dke djrs gS\ D;k [ksyrs gS\ lksp ;g gS fd iSny py dj vklikl ds LFkkuksa dk Hkze.k djks &;g vuqHko djus ds fy, fd VksjUs Vks ds fofHkUu lkeqnk; vf}rh; ;k ;wuhd dSlas gSA nqljk ;g ’kgj ds bfrgkl ;kstuk fMtkbu laL—fr vkfn dh fefJr vuqHkqfr gS vkSj in;k=k dh egÙkk Hkh ekywe gksrh gSA VksjksVa kss vusd y?kq] ] jaxhu leqnk;ks dk feyk tqyk ’kgj gSA tsu ;k=k ls VksjUs Vks ds fuokfl;ksa dh vius ’kgj ds vusd vk’p’Zpfdr djus okys LFkkuksa o iqjkuh bekjrksa dk irk pyk;k gSA Jane's walk Jane ds fe=ksa vkSj ’kqHkfpUrdks us izkjEHk dh Fkh D;ksfd o ,Sls egku ys[kd o dk;ZdrkZ ds thou vkSj dk;ksZ dks lEekfur vkSj izfl} djuk pkgrs Fks] ftlus ’kgjh; fodkl dh ,d ubZ leqnkf;d vk/kkfjr iz.kkyh dks tUe fn;kA lcls igyh ;k=k 5 ebZ 2007 dks gqbZA bu ;k=kvks ls irk pyk fd LFkkuh; yksxks dks vius ’kgj ds ckjs esa tkuus dh izcy mRlqdrk j[krs gSA Jane dk ;g fopkj fd iSny pydj iMkslh ds jgu lgu vkfn dh tkudkjh ,d LoLFk ’kgj ds fuekZ.k esa cgqr egRoiq.kZ gSA ebZ 2008 esa ;g dsuM s k ds vU; pkj ’kgjks vksVkok] dsyfxjh] fouhisx vkSj osUdwoj esa izkjEHk dh xbZA
iasfjl esa lkbdyks dk p;u isfjl vc lkbdyks dk nqfu;ka dk lcls cMk ’kgj cu x;k gSA 2007 es ’a kgj esa lLrs fdjk;s ij lkbdy fnykus dk izkx s ke ’kq# fd x;k ftlls ’kgj dh i;kZoj.k] Vªfs Qd vkSj ikfdZx lEcU/kh leL;kvks dks lqy>kus esa enn feysxh ldsAiwjs ’kg j esa 22]600 lkbdys gS ,oa ;g izkx s ke ÝkUl dh rhljh cMh uxjh Lyon dh rduhd ij vk?kkfjr gSA Lyon esa nks lkyks esa 3000 lkbdyksa us 20 yk[k ehyksa dh ;k=k dh A vuqeku gS fd blls 3000 Vu Carbon dioxide ls ok;q [kjkc ugh gqvkA 2007 rd Lyon esa lkbdyksa dk pyu rhu xq.kk c<+ x;k gSa rFkk dkj pyu 4 izfr’kr ?kV x;k gSA isfjl esa ;g izkx s ke vkSj vf/kd lQy gksus dh vk’kk gSA ftl fnu ;g izkx s ke izkjEHk fd;k x;k mlh fnu 13000 O;fDr;ks us lkykuk ikl [kjhn fy;sA LFkkuh; ’kkLku ls Hkh bl izkx s ke dks cgqr izkRs lkgu feykA ogk¡ ds Dy. Nager us dgk fd ;g izkx s ke u dsoy fofHkUu ;krk;r lk/kuksa ds chp ds larqyu dks lq/kkjus ds fy, ,oa ok;q&iznq"k.k de djus ds fy, gS cfYd blls ’kgj dh Nfo Hkh lq/kjsxh vkSj yxsxk fd bl ’kgj esa vke turk dh T;knk ijokg dh tkrh gSA ;g izkx s ke vf/kdka’k O;fDRk;ksa ds fy, lqyHk vkSj lLrk gS] dqN&dqN eq¶r Hkh gSA igys 30 feuV rd lkbfdy dk dksbZ fdjk;k ugha gSA brus le; esa vusd O;fDr vius xUrO; LFkku igq¡pus dh nwjh ikj dj ldrs gSA lkbfdyksa dh okilh tYnh&tYnh gks] bl iz;kstu ls vf/kd le; rd lkbfdy j[kus okyksa ls vf/kdkf/kd fdjk;k olwy fd;k tkrk gSA ;g ra= nl lky dh lkoZtfud futh fgLlsnkjh dk ,d fgLlk gSA bldk izkx s zke pykus ds fy, rFkk lkbfdyksa dh ejEer ds fy, 285 deZpkjh iwjs le; dke djrs gSA blls gksus okyh iwjh vk;] rFkk dEiuh }kjk ns; Qhl isfjl ’kgj iz’kklu dks izkIr gksrh gSA blds cnys esa dEiuh dks izpkj ds fy, 1628 fcy&cksMZ nsrk gSA blesa ls djhc vk/ks dEiuh iz’kklu dks iqu% lkoZtfud fgr ds foKkiuksa ds fy, okil nsrh gSA
transport
dsusMk esa dkjksa dh NqV~Vh Vksja ksUVksa ds Kensington cktkj ds leqnk; us VsªfQd] fctyh ikfdZx a dh leL;kvksa ls eksVjksa ds gkuZ ds dksykgy ls vkSj ok;q iznq"k.k ls cpus ds fy, viuh lM+dks ] xfy;ksa dks okil vius dCts esa ysus dk iz;kl izkjEHk fd;k gSA budk lek/kku gS& iSnypyus okyks dk jfookj ¼Pedestrian Sundays½ izfrekg ds vfUre jfookj dks Kensington cktkj esa VsªfQd cUn jgrk gSA mldh txg ogk¡ ds fuoklh vkSj nqdkunkj izkphu laLd`fr vkSj lq:fp a s ds jsLrjk¡ rjg&rjg ds dh vfHkO;fDr djrs gq, lM+dksa ij mrj vkrs gSA Pedestrian Sunday dks vki ns[ksx idoku idkrs gq, vkSj ijkslrs gq, QqVikFk ij fn[kkbZ nsrs gSA laxhrdkj ogha vius laxhr dh NVk fc[ksjrs gq, izrhr gksrs gSA xfy;ksa ds uqDdM+ ij <+ky s ctkus okys viuks xksyk cuk ysrs gSA ogha ikl ls yksx ;ksx] dljr djrs jgrs gSA dqN yksx lM+d ds chp u`R; djrs gq, ,oa dykRed oLrqvksa dk mRiknu o izn’kZu djrs gq, fn[kkbZ nsrs gSA cUn njoktksa ls ckgj vkdj laLd`fr [kqys LFkku esa viuk jax fn[kkrh gSAjfookj dks leqnk; ,d fnol ’kqf) dk mRlo eukrs gS] tc gok ’kq) jgrh gS] lM+ds lqjf{kr jgrh gS vkSj ,slk yxrk gS fd mUgksua s viuk LFkku okil ik fy;kA
transport
dsuM s k dh jkt/kkuh vksVkok ds fuoklh lkyks ls Sunday Bike fnuksa dk yq¶r mBk jgs gSA xfeZ;ksa ds fnuksa esa gj jfookj izkr%dky 9 ls nksigj 1 cts rd] ’kgj esa ugj ds lkFk pyrh gqbZ lM+dks ij VsªfQd cUn dj fn;k tkrk gSA bl chp yksx lkbfdyksa ij py dj izkd`frd n`’;ksa dk vkuUn mBkrs gS]a LdsfVax djrs gS] nkSMr+ s gS ;k ?kwers gSA 65 fdyksfeVj ls vf/kd yEckbZ lM+dksa ij jkLrs Vªfs Qd ds fy, cUn jgrs gS] ftlls turk ok;q iznq"k.k ls eqDr] Hkkxrh gqbZ eksVjksa dh vkokt ls cpdj] brfeuku ls [kkyh le; fcrk ldsA
cksxksVk ¼Bogota½ dksyfEc;k ¼Columbia½ nf{k.k vesfjdk esa Hkhs uxjh; iz’kkldksa vkSj fuokfl;ksa us ;g lkfcr dj fn;k gS fd O;oLr HkhM+&HkkM+ okys egkuxj esa VsªfQd tke gksuk vfuok;Z ugha gSA lIrkg esa ,d fnu ogk ciclovialjgrk gS ;kuh 150 fdyksehVj yEckbZ dh ’kgjh lM+dksa ij eksVjksa dk vkokxeu ugha gksrkA blls LFkkuh; fuoklh [kqy dj lkbfdy pyk ldrs gS] lSj dj ldrs gS] fidfud euk ldrs gS] ukp ldrs gS] [ksy s rs gS ,oa gj izdkj ls viuh lM+dks dk vkuUn ys ldrs gSA bl fnu djhc 15 yk[k O;fDr ckgj vkdj lq[k dh lk¡l ysrs gSA ;g ,slk volj gksrk gS ,sls mRlkgiw.kZ okroj.k esa tgk¡ thoUr laxhr] dykRed izn’kZu vkSj LFkkuh; laLd`fr dk cksyckyk gks] yksx ?kwe&?kwedj vius fe+=ksa iM+kfs l;ksa vkSj fj’rsnkjksa ls feyrs tqyrs gSA lcls vPNh ckr rks ;g gS fd bl rjg ds LoLFk vkSj mRlkgiw.kZ euksjt a u ds fy, dksbZ [kkl [kpkZ ugha djuk iM+rk] D;kafs d lM+d + ksa dk [kqyk LFkku rks fu’kqYd miyC/k gSA la’k;oknh;ksa dks ;g fpUrk jgrh gS fd eksVjsa de gksus ls LFkkuh; vkfFkZd fodkl ij foijhr vlj iM+x s kA fdUrq lp rks ;g gS fd iSny pyus okyksa ls] lkbfdy pykus okyks ls cktkj esa jkSud c<+ tkrh gS vkSj LFkkuh; O;kikj dks izkRs lkgu feyrk gSA igys vusd nqdkusa jfookj dks cUn jgrh FkhA vc os [kqyh jgrh gS D;ksfa d rjg&rjg ds [kkus&ihus dh oLrqvksa dh o gLrdkjh phtksa dh ek¡x [kwc jgrh gSA blls ;g lkfcr gks x;k gS fd ’kgjksa dk lkaLd`frd fodkl eksVj xkfM+;ksa ij fuHkZj ugha gSA
transport
communication
lapkj
vesfjdk vkSj bVyh esa eksckby Qksu ij ikcUnh eksckby Qksu ckrphr dk lLrk vkSj lqfo/kktud tfj;k gSA fdUrq D;k ;g lgh ugha gS fd blds c<+rs iz;ksx ls ekufld ’kkafr vkSj ,dkrark ij izgkj gks jgk gSA vki ;kn fdft;s tc fiNyh ckj vki fdlh fd lkFk le; fcrk jgs Fks] vkSj vpkud eksckby dh vk/kqfud fQYeh Vksu Å¡ps Lrj esa cthA fdrus xqLls gq, gksx a s vki\ bl vuqHko ds fy, vkidks T;knk nwj ugha tkuk gksxkA mn;iqj ’kgj esa ;g ,d fnu esa gtkjksa ckj gksrk gSA fo’o ds dbZ ns’kksa esa eksckby Qksu ds bl vkØe.k dks jksdus ds vusd iz;kl fd;s tk jgs gSA mÙkjh vesfjdk esa ,sls vusd vLirky] flusek ?kj] euksjt a u gkWy vkSj fpfdRlk tk¡p ?kj gS tgk¡ ij lwpuk iV~V ij fy[kdj n’kZdksa ls izkFkZuk dh xbZ gS fd os eksckby Qksu dks cUn j[ksAa vLirkyksa vkSj fpfdRlk tk¡p ?kjksa dks rks eksckby Qksu ls fudy dj vkus okyh rjaxksa ls gksus okyh gkfu dh Hkh cgqr fpUrk jgrh gSA jsLrjkvksa ds ekfyd Hkh eksckby Qksu&eqfDr vfHk;ku esa vk x;s gSA ,d jsLrjk dk ekfyd dgrk gS& ge jsLrjk esa etsnkj] lqxfU/kr Hkkstu vkSj e/kqj laxhr ls vPNk okrkoj.k iSnk djrs gS] ij dksb Qksu ij fpYyk dj lkjs okrkoj.k dks [kjkc dj nsrk gS — tks yksx ;gk¡ ij vPNk le; fcrkus vkrs gS] os bl ckr dh f’kdk;r djrs gSA Qksu dh ?kaVh muds lgoklh euksjt a u esa ck/kk Mkyrk gSA eksckby Qksu ij jksd yxkus ij cgqr ls xzkgd dgrs gS& dksfV&dksfV /kU;oknA Hkkjr dh Hkk¡fr bVyh esa Hkh eksckby Qksu iz;ksx dj flyflyk c<+k gSA ij ogk¡ lHkh jsLrjk¡ esa eksckby Qksu dk iz;ksx oftZr gSA ;g fu;e l[rh ls ykxq fd;k tkrk gSA vesfjdk esa dqN jsLrjk ds ekfyd xzkgdksa ls izkFkZuk djrs gS
fd os vius eksckby dh ?kaVh can j[ksAa vxj fdlh ds Qksu ls okrkoj.k dh ’kkafr Hkax gksrh gS rks mls ckgj dk jkLrk Hkh fn[kk nsrs s gSA dgus dk eryc ;g ugha gS fd blds fy, dksbZ l[r uhfr fu/kkZfjr gksA ijUrq ;g le>uk gS fd rst xfr ls gks jgk rduhdh fodkl gekjh thou ’kSyh dh xq.koÙkk ij pksV igq¡pk jgk gS rFkk blds fy, gesa dqN dne mBkus pkfg;sA
czkthy ¼¼Brazil½½ esa foKkiu iV~Vksa ij jksd 2007 esa fo’o dh prqFkZ lcls cM+h uxjh ,oa czkthy dk loZJ"s V ’kgj lkvksa iksyksa Sao Polo lkE;koknh txr ds ckgj lcls igyk ’kgj cuk tgk¡ ckgjh foKkiuksa ij djhc&djhc jksd yxk nh xbZA lkvks iksyks ,d vksj ns’k dh ?kuh okf.kT; jkt/kkuh fxuh tkrh gS vkSj nwl w jh vkSj vR;f/kd xq.Mkfxjh fgalk vkSj filrh xjhch ds fy, tkuh tkrh gSA fQj Hkh ogk¡ ij LoPN ’kgj dkuwu ¼Clean city law) vizR;kf’kr lQy jgkA bl lQyrk ds ihNs ogk¡ ds uxj izeq[k Giberto Kassab izcy gkFk jgkA mUgksua s foKkiu m|ksx ds fonzkgs dks 'kgj ds pqfuUns ukxfjdksa dh lgk;rk ls dqpy fn;kA dLlkc us le;&le; ij lcdks ;g le>k;k fd os foKkiu f[kykQ ugha gS] os foKkiu dh cgqyrk vkSj nq:i;ksx dks jksduk pkgrs gSA mUgksua s crk;k ty] ok;q] ’kksj vkSj n`f"V dks nwf"kr djus oky dkj.kksa ls cpkus ds fy, LoPN 'kgj dkuwu dh vko’;drk gqbZA geus fu.kZ; fy;k fd n`f"V dks nwf"kr djus okyk lcls lgt n`f"Vxkspj foKkiu {ks= dks lekIr fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA** rc ls djhc 15]000 foKkiu iV~Vksa ckgjh fofM;ks LØhuksa vkSj clksa ij vafdr foKkiuksa dks gVk;k tk pqdk gSA nqdkuksa ij yxus okys uke ifV~V;ksa ds vkdkj dks Hkh cukdj NksVk dj fn;k x;k gSA lkvks iksyks dh izkd`frd NVk ij yxs gq, /kCcksa ds /kksus ds fy, djhc 80 yk[k Mkyj ds tqekZus yxk;s x;sA izcU/kd ;g iz;kl lQy jgk gSA losZ{k.kksa ls irk pyk gS fd 'kgj ds 70 izfr’kr fuokfl;s us gj dne dh ljkguk dh gSA ogk¡ ds ,d fjiksVZj Vinicius Galco us fy[kk gS& vki us dHkh ugha lkspk fd fdl rjg ls Hkouksa dh HkO;rk vkSj f’kYihdyk dks foKkiu iV~Vks]a dEiuh;ksa ds izrhdks vkSj izpkj lkexzh us <d j[kk gSA bl foKkiu dk dksbZ ekin.M ugha FkkA vc ’kgj dks ,d ubZ Hkk"kk feyh gS] ,d ubZ igpku feyh gSA
communication
ckgjh foKkiuksa dks cUn djus dh ;g eqfge czkthy dh lhek ds ckgj Hkh QSy ldrh gS] ftlls 30 vjc Mksyj ds foKkiu m|ksx dks [krjk gSA vtsZUVkbuk ds Buenos Aires ds uxj izeq[k es;j us dkuwuh Nkuchu izkjEHk dj nh gS fd fdl rjg ls ckgjh foKkiuksa dks jksdk tk,A vesfjdk ds pkj ’kgjksa Vermont, Maine, Hawaii vkSj Alaskaa esa foKkiu iV~Vh;ksa ij jksd yx pqdh gSA Robert Weissman dk dguk gS &^^ckgjh foKkiuksa dks de djus ;k jksdus ds lHkh dne
communication
ljkguh; gSA blls yksd izkd`frd LFky vf/kd lqUnj o vkuUnk;d cusx a ]as de vLr&O;lr vkSj okLro esa yksdfiz;rk iznf’kZr djsx a Aas
e n e r g y Åtk ÅtkZ China ds Rizhao
esa LoPN ÅtkZ
pkbuk ns’k viuh ÅtkZ ds fy, dks;ys ij vf/kd fuHkZj gSA ij ogk¡ ,d 'kgj Rizhao gS tks ÅtkZ ds iquZ uohuhdj.k Jksrksa dk mi;ksx djus ds fy, ,d mnkgj.k gSA ;gk¡ ds 15 yk[k ?kjksa esa cM+h ek=k esa lw;ZizkIr ÅtkZ vkSj nrny izkIr ÅtkZ dk iz;ksx gksrk gS vkSj mlds lkFk&lkFk i;kZoj.k vkSj LokLF; ykHk Hkh gksrk gSA bl 'kgj dks LFkkuh; iz’kklu us uhfrxr vkSj dkuwuu fu.kZ; ysdj ÅtkZ {ks= esa ;g ØkfUr dh gSA Rizhao ds 'kgjh iz’kklu us 2001 esa fu;qDr ds es;j Lizhaoquian us ,sls vusd dne mBk;s gS vkSj uhfr;ksa viukbZ gS ftlls fd LoPN ÅtkZ ds lk/kuksa dk iz;ksx cgqr yksdfiz; gqvk gSA ,d fu;e ds rgr edku fuekZ.k djus okyh dEifu;ksa dks lw;Z }kjk izkIr ÅtkZ ds iz;ksx ds fy, ckf|r fd;k x;k gS] fo’ks"kr% ubZ bekjrksa esa xeZ ikuh djus okys ghVj dks lw;Z izkIr ÅtkZ ls pykus ds fy,A fuekZ.k/khu edkuksa ds uD’ks rc rd Lohd`r ugha gksrs tc rd ;g lqfuf’pr ugha fd;k x;k gS fd ogk¡ ij lkSj ÅtkZ ds ghVj dke esa fy;s tk;sx a Aas ‘'kgjh Hkkx esa 99 izfr’kr ?kjksa esa lkSj ÅtkZ ds xeZ ikuh ds ghVj pyjgs gSA xzkeh.k Hkkx esa ;g 30 izfr’kr ?kjksa esa gSA blds vykok Rizhao ds 30 izfr’kr jlksbZ?kjksa esa lkSj izdk’kekih iSuy gSA blls 'kgj ds ijEijkxr fctyh [kpZ esa izfro"kZ 3480 yk[k fdyksokV dh cpr gqbZ gSA a Rizhao esa 15000 ?kj ,sls gS tks ,slh rduhd viukrs gS ftlls fd [ksrh esa iz;ksx vkus ds ckn fudyss gq, ikuh ls nyny xSl ¼Marsh Gas½ iSnk gksrs h gSA blls izfrfnu djhc 2]30]000 f=ekrh ehVj (arabic Meters½ fctyh iSnk gks ldsA vHkh ’kgj esa 45 yk[k f=xfr ehVj ¼Cubic Meters½ nyny xSl mRiUu gksrh gS bl dkj.k
,d o"kZ esa 3100 Vu dks;yk cprk gSA vHkh yxs gq, Marsh Power Generators {kerk 13]500 fdyks okV ?kaVks dh gS] ftlls bl o"kZ 36]000 Vu dks;ys dh cpr gks ldsxhA es;j Lizhaoquian dk dguk gS fd mudk iz’kklu yxkrkj LoPN ÅtkZ iSnk djus ds u;s okVhdksa dk vUos"k.k djrk jgsxkA os pkgrs gS fd Rizhao ,d eco-city dh tgk¡ ÅtkZ iz;ksx esa xq.koÙkk gks] fo’oluh; i;kZoj.k ’kqf) gks rFkk lqUnj okrkoj.k gksA
baxysUM ds Totnes ’kgj esa Hkh cnyko ¼¼Transition½½ pkyw 6+ flracj 2006 esa Jh x.ks’k gqvkA Naresh Giangrande vkSj Rob Hopkins us ,d 'kke Totness ds uxjh; gky esa laxhr] ckrphr vkSj fopkj foe’kZ dk vk;kstu fd;kA 350 ls vf/kd O;fDr;ksa dh mifLFkfr esa Transition Towns ¼TT½ dk;Z ;kstuk dk ’kqHkkjEHk gqvkA ljdkjh vk¡dM+kas ds vuqlkj vHkh fo’o esa 300 Transition Towns gS] ftlesa dbZ egkuxj] NksVs ’kgj] Vkiw vkSj xk¡o ’kkfey gSA buds vykok 1000 vU; gS tks TT cuus dh rS;kjh esa gSA 16 ns’kksa esa bldk izlkj gks pqdk gSA (http://transition towns.org) iw.kZ fo’o esa ;g dk;Z ;kstuk yksxksa dks vkdf"kZr dj jgh gSA D;k gS ;g\ TT dk iz;kstu gS fd de lk/kuksa ls rFkk cgqr de ÅtkZ dh [kir ls ¼ftlesa Co2 dh ek=k esa Hkh deh vk;s½] ,d 'kgj vHkh ls vf/kd lq[ke;]i;kZIr vkSj leFkZ cu ldrk gSArsy vkiwfrZ dh pje lhek igq¡pus ds ckn ,d ,slk fcUnq vkrk gS tcfd rsy dh [kir dks de djuk gh iM+rk gSA rc ;g vo’;eHkkoh gS fd ’kgjh vkcknh rsy O;; esa deh yk;sA pkbuk] Hkkjr vkSj czkthy esa ftl rsth ls m|kxhjdj.k c<+ jgk gS] ;g vk’kk ugha dh tk ldrh fd 2½ vjc yksx ik’pkR; ns’kksa tSlh thou 'kSyh dks viuk ldsx a As dqN ifjorZu djuk gh gksxk ;g ifjorZu cqjk ugha vPNk gh gksxkA TT ;kstuk bl ekufldrk dks pqukSrh nsrh gS fd lHkh lkekftd] lkaLd`frd vkSj jktuSfrd vko’;drkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, Market vFkZ O;oLFkk gh l{ke gSA blesa fcYdqy lPpkbZ ugha gSA LFkkuh; yksx LFkkuh; mRiknu }kjk ,oa iqukZo`fr; ÅtkZ ds lk/kuksa ds mfpr mi;ksx }kjk viuh t:jrksa dks HkyhHkkafr iwjk dj ldrs gS& orZeku esa Hkh vkSj Hkfo"; esa HkhA TT miØe ,d ikVhZ dh rjg gS] fojks/kh vkUnksyu ughaA ;g orZeku oLrqfLFkfr ds f[kykQ ekspkZ ugha gSA cfYd csgrj thou cukus ds fy, gSA bldk ukjk gS ^^cukvksa lc lkFk pysx a *s *aA
energy
izfØ;k izkjEHk gksrh gS fdlh ,d O;fDr ds vkgeu ls dqN djus dh vy[k txkus ls A vusd O;fDr mldh ikyuk djrs gSA mudk ,d izkjfEHkd ifjorZu lewg ¼Transition Initiative group½ cu tkrk gSA Totness esa jksc vkSj ujs’k us yksxksa dks tkx`r fd;k ;g crkdj fd orZeku O;oLFkk esa thou fo|k lhfer ladqfpr gS] bldks csgrj cukus dh cgqr lEHkkouk gSA mUgksuas s crk;k fd ^^thok’e bU/ku** ¼fossil fuel½ ;qx esa dqN vPNh phtsa gqbZ gS] fdUrq muds lkFk gesa vupkgh fo"kerk;sa Hkh feyh gS& izn"w k.k] chekfj;k¡] lkekftd o jkruSfrd O;oLFkkvs]a etnwjksa dk ’kks"k.k if’peh ns’kksa esa HkkSfrd lEink dh c`f) vo’; gqbZ gS ij dksbZ Hkh losZ{k.k ugha crkrk fd blls ogk¡ ds fuokfl;ksa ds vkuUn lkj esa dksbZ ‘c`f) gqbZ gSA blds foijhr] HkkSfrd o`f) ds ifj.kke feys gS& laØkfUr ds vusd :i ekufld jksxksa esa vHkwriwoZ c<+kSrh ,oa lkekftd fodkjA
energy
TT dk;ZØeksa esa buesa ls ,d ;k vusd rjhds viuk;as tk ldrs gS& fQYes]a Hkk"k.k] lkoZtfud lHkk;s]a chtkjksi.k] ?kjksa ds jks/ku fnol ¼Home insulation day½s ,oa O;fLFkr lkbfdy lokjh ;k=k;sAa iz;kl jgrk gS fd vf/kd ls vf/kd yksxksa ds ikl os igq¡p]s ;g dgrs gq, fd gj O;fDr dk Lokxr gS izR;sd O;fDr ewY;kou gS] izR;sd gkFk esa fy;s x;s ftuds }kjk orZeku O;oLFkk ds fHkUu&fHkUu igywvksa dk ,d&,d dj iquZLFkkfir fd;k tk lds buesa ’kkfey gS& [kku&iku] vkS"kf/k;k¡] f’k{kk] ;krk;kr vkSj ÅtkZA vyx&vyx lewg ds vyx&vyx fcUnqvksa ij uohu izfØ;k,¡ izkjEHk djus esa tqV x;s rFkk O;ogkfjd lek/kku <w<a us esa yx x;s ;kstuk dk lcls vf/kd egRoiw.kZ vL= gSA ¼Energy Descent Pathways½ ¼ÅtkZ mrkjus ds jkLrsS½s ;g n`’;kRed ;kstuk dk iz;ksx gS ftlls fd Hkfo"; esa vU; lEHkkoukvksa vkSj lkeqnkf;d fodyksa ij okrkZyki gks ldsAa
NksVs&NksVs ifjorZuksa dk ;ksx lclsa igys gekjk ,d vuwBk lewg cuk Heart and soul ¼ân; vkSj vkRek½ lkekU; i;kZoj.k izkt s Ds Vl dsoy ckgjh ifjorZu ij fopkj djrs gSA ij TT dh ekU;rk gS fd ifjorZu ckgjh vkSj vkUrfjd nksuksa gksA Heart and soul [kkst djrk gS fd vYi mi;ksx ls yksxksa dk T;knk [kq’kh dSls feys\ ubZ eksVj xkM+h ;k u;s Vsfyfotu ds LFkku ij dkSu lh vU; oLrq,¡ vf/kd lUrks"kizn gS\ ifjorZu dk vFkZ gS& izd`fr dh nqfu;k esa jgus dk euk] iMksfl;ksa ds lkFk gsyesy vkil esa tqMh gqbZ vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd fuHkZjrk] LFkk;h fj’rksa dk tqMk+ o] ljy n;k Hkko] izes vkSj lEHkkoukA ldkjkRed vkSj lEizfs "kr Hkfo"; ds fuekZ.k dks etcwr cukus ds fy, TT lewg bykds ds vU; lkekftd] jktuSfrd vkSj i;kZoj.k lewgksa ds lkFk rkark ck¡/krs gSA bl usVodZ }kjk vrhr ds os rkj fQj ls thfor gks tkrs gS ftuls yksxksa dk lEiks"k.k gksrk FkkA Energy Descent Pathway ldkjkRed vkSj lEiksf"kr Hkfo"; dh dYiuk djrs gS] vkSj fQj ihNs dh vkSj tkrs gq, mldh izkfIr ds fy, O;ogkfjd lk/ku [kkst dj viukrs gSA blls izkt s Ds V dks ,d fuf’pr Hkkoh n`f"V iznku gksrh gSA blls lewg ds lnL;ksa dks ,d fuf’pr mÌs’; ij /;ku dsfUnzr gksrk gS ,oa ;g ;kn fnykrk gS fd dksykgy vkSj vfLFkjrk ds ekgkSy esa ftl Hkfo"; dh os dYiuk djrs gS og /khjs&/khjs vukofjr gks jgk gSA
energy
jn~nh dpjk vkLVsªfy;k & dsucjk & ‘’kwU; jn~nh
waste
,slk yxrk gS fd ’kwU; jn~nh dh ckr djuk ,d feF;k LoIu gSA fdUrq ;g fo’o esa pkjksa vksj lR; gksrk fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA 1960 ds n’kd esa lHkh miyC/k rjhdksa ls jn~nh dks lekIr djus dh ckr pyh FkhA fdUrq 1990 ds n’kd esa gh bl ij dkZ; izkjEHk gqvkA vkLVsªfy;k dk dsucjk ‘kgj igyh ckj 1996 esa ’kwU; jn~nh dk y{; ysdj pyk] ftls 2010 rd iwjk djuk FkkA lkS izfr’kr iwuZ bLrseky ¼100% Recycling½ dh ctk; ’kwU; jn~nh ¼zero waste½ csgrj ‘’kCn gS D;ksfa d recycling dk vFkZ gS fd lc dke leqnk;ksa dks gh djuk gSA zero waste gkfly djus ds fy, leqnk; vkSj m|ksx nksuksa mÙkjnk;h gSA leqnk; dk ;g dÙkZO; curk gS fd og jn~nh vkSj dwMs dks vf/kd ls vf/kd ,df=r djs] mls iquZ&bLrseky djs] ejEer djs] mi;ksx djs vkSj [kkn cuk;sA m|ksx dh ;g ftEesnkjh curh gS fd oks jn~nh le>h tkus okyh oLrqvksa dk mi;ksx djus ds fy, ubZ fMtkbu cuk;sA turk gkSj m|ksx nksuks dh ftEesnkjh gS fd os isdftax a vkSj miHkksx esa Qsd a us okyh phtksa dk de ls de bLrseky djsA Grass Roots Recycling Network ds Bill Sheeshan dgrs gS& Zero waste ,d ;kstuk c) fl)kUr gSA gesa ,slh ;kstuk cukuh gS ftlls jn~nh cus gh ugha pkgs blesa 100 izfr’kr lQyrk feys ;k u feysA vko’;d ;g gS fd ge waste cuus dk ekSdk gh u ns] u fd ckn esa mldk izcU/k djsAa Zero waste ds fl)kUr esa ;g Hkh vko’;d gS fd mRiknu lkQ&lqFkjk gksA ;fn fMCcs vkfn xana s ;k nqf"kr gks rks izo`fr ;gh jgrh gS fd mUgsa Qsd a fn;k tk;s] mudk okil iz;ksx ugha fd;k tk;sA Zero waste okrkoj.k U;k; dk Hkh iwjd gS D;ksfa d vxj vf/kdkfj;ksa dks waste tek djkus ds fy, txg cukuh gS rks os ,sls LFkku <w<a x s s tgk¡ cMs& + cMs+ x<sa [kksns tk lds
;k fo’kky HkLedksa ¼Incinerator½ dk fuekZ.k dj ldsA vf/kdka’kr% ,sls LFkyksa dk vR;Ur fu/kZu vkSj vf/kdkj oafpr leqnk;ksa ds fudV gksrk gSA The Waste Management Strategy for Canberra ¼vkcknh 3]11]000½ ls Waste Management dh Hkkoh fn’kk vkSj dk;ZØeksa dk 'kqHkkjEHk gqvkA ;g Strategy leqnk;ksa ds lkFk gq, yEcs fopkj foe’kZ ds i’pkr~ izkjEHk dh xbZA y{; Fkk fd 2010 rd vkLVsªfy;k dh jkt/kkuh dks waste eqDr {ks= cuk;k tk;sA vk’kk gS fd 2010 rd waste iw.kZr% lekIr gks tk;sxk] ftlds fy, leqnk;ksa us fuEufyf[kr dne mBk;s gS& 1leku cukus okys mRikndksa dks izkRs lkfgr fd;k fd os mRiknd oLrqvksa dk ,slk <k¡pk cuk;s ftlls fd iz;ksx ds izkjEHk esa vkSj iz;ksx ds vUr es waste iSnk gh ugha gksA 2,d ,slk okrkoj.k mRiUu fd;k x;k ftlls fd u;s&u;s rjhdkss ls waste mRifr jksdh tk ldsA 3ogh [kjhnksa ftldh vko’;drk gksA pkgs os [kkus&ihus dh oLrq,¡ gksa ;k edku cukus dh oLrq,¡ gks] dq’kyiwoZd [kjhnnkjh vkSj mRiknu rjhdksa ls wasteful phtksa dks iSnk er djksA 4de dher ds dqN ,sls izlk/ku cuk;sa ftlls fd Qsd as us okyh oLrqvksa dk ;k rks iquZ% mi;ksx gks lds ;k muds }kjk ewY;oku phtsa cu ldsA 5,sls m|ksx LFkkfir fd;s tgk¡ vupkgh phtksa dk iz;ksx gks ldsA 6iwjs Canberra {ks= esa resource recovery ds voljksa dk foLrkj gksA 7Waste ls NqVdkjk ikus esa tks lQyrk feyh] ml ij xoZ djks vkSj i;kZojk f’k{kk ds }kjk bl fe’ku dks vkxs c<+kus dk okrkoj.k fufeZr djksAa orZeku esa Canberra esa ?kjsyw vkSj okf.kT; waste dk 66 izfr’kr recycle gks jgk gSA fiNys ik¡p o"kksZa esa xM<ksa esa Hkjs tkus okys waste esa 42 izfr'kr deh vkbZ gSA Canberrra esa yksxksa ls recycling djokus ds fy, Hkjld iz;Ru gks jgs gS] os Wormery workshops djokrs gS] os
waste
Secondhand sundays vk;ksftr djrs gS i;kZoj.k 'kqf) ds fy, lykgdkj gS] ,oa Ldwyksa esa waste wise dk;ZØe gksrs gSA lcls vf/kd egRoiw.kZ ckr ;g gS fd ogk¡ ij Recycling Collection Scheme
vR;Ur dq’ky vkSj O;kid gSA
Canberra ds lQy us r ` R o ds ckn Zero waste Scheme vc /khjs&/khjs fo’o ds vU; LFkkuksa ij viukbZ tk jgh gS Hkkjr esa Kovalam vkS j vefjs d k ds Seattle, San Francisco, Cape Town, Toronto vkSj New Zealand ds vusd LFkkuksa ijA
Seattle Zero waste dk y{; ‘ 'kgj esa 2006 esa djhc 440000 Vu garb age Fkk tks c<+rk gh tk jgk FkkA Canberra ds lQy mnkgj.k dks ns[krs gq, Seattle city council us Hkh zero waste uhfr fu/kkZfjr dh gSA mUgksua s fu’p; fd;k gS fd Garbage dh rk;nkn 2006 esa iSnk gksus okyh rk;nkn ls T;knk ugha c<sxh] vkSj izfro"kZ blesa deh dh tk;sxhA Zero waste strategy ds ys[kd Richard Conlin dgrs gSA ^^ge jn~nh ¼trash½ dks vo’;Hkkoh ugha ekurs] ge bls ,d lalk/ku ekurs gS** Zero waste strategy ds eq[; ?kVdks esa 'kkfey gS& 1?kjksa ls ,df=r [kk| oLrqvksa dk waste [ksrh ds [kkn esa dke vkrk gSA 2,d yk[k Mkyj dk Waste Reduction/Recycling Matching Fund izfro"kZ miyC/k gS] lkeqnkf;d waste reduction iz;klksa dks izkRs lkfgr djus ds fy, vkSj ,slh fVdkÅ oLrqvksa cukusa ds fy, tks iqu% dke esa yh tk ldsA 3Recycling dks vf/kd izHkkoh cukus ds fy, nks Transfer Stations dk iquZ)kjA 4VsDl dVkSrh vkSj vuqnku nsdj Bsdns kjksa dks izkRs lkfgr djuk ftlls fd os iqjkuh bekjrksa dks u”V djus ds ctk; bekjr dh lkexzh ls bekjr ds va’kksa dk uohuhdj.k djsAa 5IykLfVd FkSyksa ij vf/kd VsDl yxkdj muds iz;ksx dks fu:Rlkfgr djukA
waste
Canada ds Springdale esa IykfLVd ij izfrcU/kk vki tgk¡ Hkh tk;s] IykfLVd dh FkSfy;k¡ gh FkSfy;k utj vkrh gSA isMk+ as ij xfy;ksa esa mM+rh gqbZ] xM<kaas esa xUnxh Hkjrj gqbZA dqN O;fDr;ksa ds fy, IykfLVd FkSfy;k¡ ,d Hk;kud vesfjdk dh xfy;ksa esa igq¡pkA vU;ksa ds fy, buds fcuk mudk dke py gh ugha ldrkA Springdale 'kgj New Foundland dk izFke vkSj Canada dk ,slk nwljk 'kgj cuuk pkgrk gS tks ;g ?kks"k.kk dj lds fd ;gk¡ ,d ckj vkus okyh IykfLVd FkSfy;ksa ds fy, dksbZ LFkku ugha gSA ,slk fu.kZ; ysus ds igys blds lHkh igywvksa ij xgu fopkj djuk vko’;d gSA nqfu;k¡ dks IykfLVd FkSfy;ksa ls eqDr djus ds fy, British Broadcasting Corporation ¼BBC½ us lc ls vPNk rdZ fn;k gSA ebZ 2007 esa BBC us Rebecca Hosking }kjk fpf=r ,d ,slh rLohj fn[kkbZ Fkh ftlesa ;g n’kkZ;k x;k fd IykfLVd dwMas ds dkj.k leqnzh nqfu;k dk flj fQj x;kA Hosking us gokbZ ds leqnzh thou dh fQYe cukbZ Mesgas e in the waves mlds i’pkr~ mUgksua s tks dgkfu;k¡ dghA muesa ,d esa ,d es<a d dks IykfLVd FkSyh esa ?kqV&?kqV dj ejrs ns[kk FkkA nwljh esa ,d leqnzh fpfM;ksa ¼aaAlbatrosses½ dks vius cPpksa dks IykfLVd ds VqdM+kas dks f[kykrs fn[kk;k] ftlls ds mudh /khjs&/khjs nnZukd ekSr gks xbZA ml o`r&fp= esa fn[kk;k x;k fd fdl izdkj ygjksa us ogk¡ ij IykfLVd FkSfy;ksa dk ,d gkSt cuk fn;k] ftlds ifj.kke Lo:i leqnzh thou fdl izdkj cU/kd cuk my>k jgk vkSj ?kqVrk jgkA Message with the waves ds vuqlkj leqnz esa ik;k x;k 80 izfr’kr trahs tehuh fdukjksa ls vk;k Fkk] ,oa mlesa ls 90 izfr’kr IykfLVd FkkA la;qDr jk"Vª dh 2006 dh fjiksVZ esa vuqeku yxk;k x;k gS fd leqnz ds ,d oxZ fdyksfeVj {ks= esa djhc 46000 IykfLVd ds VqdM+s rSjrs jgrs gSA Green peace dh fjiksVZ plastic debris in the world oceans esa fy[kk gS fd de ls de 267 leqnzh tkfr;k¡ ,slh gS tks fd leqnz ds eycs ds dkj.k my>ko ;k vUrxzg.k dh f’kdkj gqbZ gSA vuqeku gS fd djhc nl yk[k leqnzh fpfM;k¡ izfro"kZ IykfLVd usV vkSj vU; eycs esa Qal tkrh gS ;k ej tkrh
waste
gSA QzkUl ds rV ij ,d whale vkbZ ftlds isj esa djhc ,d fdyksa IykfLVd FkSfy;k¡ Fkh] tks mlus Hkkstu le> dj [kkbZ gksxhA fjiksVksZa esa vuqeku gS fd izfro"kZ 11]300 djksM+ FkSfy;kaas dke esa yh tkrh gSA ;s [kqnjk czkfUMax ds ,d vko’;d vax cu x;s gSA budk iz;ksx oLrqvksa dh [kjhn ls ?kj rd igq¡pkuk ek= ,d lhfer gSA fQj mUgsa dwMs djdV esa Qsd a fn;k tkrk gSA gtkjksa o”kksZa rd ls okrkoj.k esa jgrh gSA vkSj tc os VwVrh Hkh gS rks IykfLVd ds NksV& s NksVs VqdMksa esa fc[kj tkrh gSA Green Bay Waste Management Authority ds la;kstd Candy Weir dgrs gS& ^^IykfLVd FkSfy;ksa dks VwVusa esa dkQh le; yxrk gSA ;s okrkoj.k dks yxkrkj nwf"kr djrh jgrh gSA vxj budh ek=k dqN FkksMh gksrh rks vf/kd uqdlku ugha gksrk] fdUrq vxj budh la[;k dk lkIrkfgd fglkc yx;k tk; rks ml ij fo’okl djuk eqf’dy gS** os dgrh gS fd ?kjsyw dpjs dks Vªdksa esa Hkjdj fu;qDr LFkku ij yk;k tkrk gSA ogk¡ ij tc dpjs dks nck;k tkrk gS rks muesa ls NksVh&NksVh FkSfy;k¡ fudyrh gSA tSls gh os dwMs+ ?kjksa esa /kal tkrh gS] i’kq muds VwdMs&VwdMs dj nsrs gS tks 'kh?kz gh gok ds >ksd a ks ls b/kj&m?kj mM+ tkrs gSA os dgrh gS fd bldk ljy lek/kku gS FkSfy;ksa dh la[;k de djuk] mUgsa iqu% dke esa ykuk vkSj mudk recycling djukA Jhefr Weir dgrh gS ^^vxj rqEgsa FkSyh dh vko’;drk ugha gS rks mls ysus ls euk dj nksA fdUrq ;fn IykfLVd dks vko’;drk ugha gS] rks mls ysus ls euk dj nkA fdUrq ;fn IykfLVd dks ysrs gks rks mldks vU; dke esa ysus ds rjhds <w<a ksA
waste
tks O;fDr IykfLVd FkSyh dks ckgj ugha Qsd a rs os mldk iqu% iz;ksx djrs gS] ;k izpqu nqdkunkj dks ykSVk nsrs gS ;k mUgsa ,df=r dj Scotia Recycling tSls recycle unit dks tek djk nsrs gSA Mrs. Weir dgrh gS fd GBWNA yksxksa dks miHkksDrkvksa ls [kjhn ysA nqdkunkjksa ls os iqu% dher olwy dj ldrs gS D;ksfa d vxj FkSfy;k¡ ckgj ugha Qsd a h tkrh gS vkSj iqu% cspus ds dke vkrh gS rks mudk czkUM uke vkSj vf/kd QSykrk gSA
daqN fjiksVa ksZ us crk;k gS fd leqnz esa igq¡pus okyh 50% IykfLVd FkSfy;k¡ dqMs ?kjksa ;k xM<ks lh mMdj tkrh gSA Mrs. Weir dgrh gS fd izfro"kZ gesa clUr _rq esa Hkkjh lQkbZ djuh iM+rh gS] isMksa esa Q¡lh gqbZ FkSfy;ksa dks fudkyrss gS vkSj b/kj&m?kj fc[kjh gqbZ FkSfy;ksa dks lesVus gSA xehZ o 'kjn _rqvksa esa FkSfy;ksa dks mM+us ls cpkus ds fy, dkQh dljr djuh iM+rh gSA
waste
de iz;ksx iqu% iz;ksx vkSj recycling ls IykfLVd dpjs dh ek=k dks lhfer fd;k x;k gSA New foundand esa c<+rh gqbZ rsy dherksa ls Hkh IykfLVd FkSfy;ksa dh [kjhn esa deh vkbZ gSA vuqeku gS fd mÙkjh vesfjdk esa Lo:i gksus okyh IykfLVd FkSfy;k¡ cukus esa izfro"kZ djhc 430 yk[k cSVy rsy [kpZ gksrk gSA FkSfy;k¡ cukus esa rsy pkfg;s vkSj rsy dh dhersa c<+us ls FkSfy;k¡ dh dhers c<rh tk jgh gSA vesfjdk dk lcls cMs mRiknd Dow Chemical us FkSfy;ksa dh dher ebZ esa 20 izfr’kr c<k nhA nwljksa us dhersa djhc&djhc nqxquh dj nhA dqN ljdkjksa us dqN ,sls dne mBk;s gS fd nqdkunkjksa dk IykfLVd FkSfy;ksa ij gksus okyk O;; vksj vf/kd c<+ x;k gSA China ljdkj us cgqr iryh IykfLVd FkSfy;ksa ds iz;ksx dj izfrcU/k yxk fn;k gSA my ?a ku djus ij 1460 vefjdh Mkyj dk tqekZuk yxk;k tkrk gS\ Ireland us FkSfy;ksa ij bruk dj yxk fn;k gS fd ogk¡ ml dkj.k 90 izfr’kr dh de [kir gks xbZ gSA Hosking ds fy, lcls vPNk lek/kku Fkk fd og vius ?kj baXysM a ds 'kgj Modburg ykSV dj ml 'kgj dks IykfLVd FkSfy;ksa ls eqfDr fnyk;sA Canada Springdales ds Bond Ryan us y?kq Leaf Rapids cukus esa lgk;rk dh ftlls fd mÙkjh vesfjdk dk Manitoba izFke 'kgj cuk tgk¡ ij IykfLVd FkSfy;ksa ij izfrcU/k yxkA Mr. Ryan pkgrs gS fd Springdales 'kgj Canada dk f}fr; vkSj New Founland dk ,slk gh izFke 'kgj cus tgk¡ IykfLVd FkSfy;ksa dk iz;ksx u gksA
LFkku Portland ’kgj dh ejEer
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1996 esa vesfjdk ls Oregon ds Portland ‘'kgj ds lfØ; ukxfjdksa us City Repair dh LFkkiuk dhA oks lkeqnkf;d iz/kku vkSj i;kZoj.k iks"kd lekt dh jpuk djuk pkgrs gSA City Repair dh ‘’kq:vkrh rc gqbZ tc dqN iMksfl;k¡ us feydj vkoklh; lM+d ds eksM dks ,d iM+kl s tu pkSjk;k ds :i esa ifjofrZr fd;kA City Repair dh ekU;rk gS fd LFkkf;Ro ds fy, laLdqfr] vFkZ] O;oLrk vkSj fu.kZ; fu/kkZj.k dk LFkkuh;dj.k djuk vko’;d gSA ’kgj ds [kkyh LFkkuksa dks lkeqnkf;d ijd LFkkuksa esa cnyusa ls iM+kfs l;ksa dh ijEijk] leqnk;ksa ds 'kfDrdj.k vkSj LFkkuh; laLdqfr ds lEiks"k.k ds cht cks;s tkrs gSA City Repair dh ifj;kstuk;sa ekuoh; leqnk;ksa ds ikjLifjd lEcU/ kksa vkSj oSf’od izd`fr dks lEeku nsrs gSA izk;% lHkh ifj;kstuk;sa Lo;a lsodksa ds iz;klksa ,oa lSd a Mksa Lo;a lsoh la;kstdksa ds va’knku lg;ksx ls pykbZ tkrh gSA ifj;kstukvksa esa ’kkfey gS& Village Building Convergence ebZ ds efgus esa 10 fnu rd ukxfjd] LokHkkfod fuekZ.kdrkZ ,oa lfØ; lekt lsoh lfEefyr gksdj lkeqnkf;d lqfo/kk;sa cukus esa iMkSlh oxZ dh lgk;rk djrs gSA os feydj iMkSlh leqnk; dks ,d xzke dk :i nsrs gSA ,d le;] ,d gh ikVhZ dke djrh gSA ‘
'kgjh LFkkuksa esa iMh gqbZ lhesUV The Depave Project ctjh] Mkej vkfn dk gVkrs gS] ftlls fd rwQkuh izokg ls gksus okys ufn;ksa ds izn"w "k.k dks de fd;k tk lds ,oa vf/kd ls vf/kd [kkyh LFkku miyC/k djk lds tks iqu% vkokl ds fy,] ’kgjh d`f"k ds fy,] LFkkuh; lfCt;k¡ mxkus ds fy,] isM yxkus ds fy, vkSj ’kgjh LFkkuksa dks lqUnj cukus ds dke vk ldsA Intersection Repair tgk¡ lM+ds feyrh gS mu eksMksa dks lkoZtfud feyu LFkku cukukA leqnk; fodkl ds fy, iMkslksa dk ;g ,d vko’;d vax gSA City Repairing iMksfl;ksa dks ,df=r dj mUgsa lkoZtfud ?kus ikdZ ,oa vU; LFkkuh; lwpukvksa gsrq lqUnj izkd`frds LFky fufeZr djus esa lg;ksx iznku djukA The T- Horse ;g ,d pyrk&fQjrk pk;&?kj] lkoZtfud pkSjkgk ,oa lkeqfgd fØ;k’khyd gksrk gS] tks gesa ;kn fnykrk gS fd vxj LFkkuh; feyus&tqyus ds LFkku ugha gS rks ge D;k [kks jgs gSA ;g iznf’kZr djrk gS fd fdlh izdkj fdlh txg dks dSls ,d ,slk LFkku cuk;k tk ldrk gSA tgk¡ fu’kqyd ?kj tSlh xeZ pk; ihus dk etk fy;k tk ldsA
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Community Potluck Gatherings ;sa LFkku lcds fy, [kqys jgrs gS] tgk¡ vius ?kjksa ls yk;s gq, Lokfn"V Hkkstu vkil esa lc feydj [kk lds ,oa tgk¡ 'kgj ds iqjkus vkSj u;s fe=ksa esa vknku&iznku gks ldsAa
Chicago Goes Green- f’kdkxks gjk Hkjk gks jgk
vkius gjh bekjrksa ds ckjs esa lquk gksxkA ij D;k vkius gjh uxjh ds ckjs esa lquk gS\ f’kdkxksa ds es;j Richard Daley dk LoIu gS f’kdkxksa dks USA dk lokZf/kd gjk&Hkjk uxj cukus dkA bldk ,d izrhd gS f’kdkxksa ds VkÅu gky dh Nr ij cuk gqvk cxhpkA Daley iz’kklu us ,d uhfr ds rgr /ku dk mi;ksx bl izdkj fd;k gS& 1- 500]000 isMk+ as dk jksi.k 2ns’k dh lokZf/kd ÅtkZ dq’ky ,oa i;kZoj.k 'kq) Hkouksa dk fuekZ.kA 3mu fuekZ.k dÙkkZvksa dks 'kh?kzrk’kh?kz edku cukus dh vuqefr nsuk tks gfjr Hkouksa vkSj Nr miouksa dk fuekZ.k djsAa 4'kgj esa [kir gksus okyh fctyh dk 20 izfr’kr Hkkx LoPN ,oa iquZ uohuhdj.h; lk/kuksa ls izkIr djus dk oknk djukA 56000 yk[k dk okf"kZd izkx s zke] vkliMksl dh ejEer ,oa 'kgjh cxhpksa ij [kpZ djukA 6lSdM+kas ifjR;kfcr ,oa nqf"kr lEifr;ksa dks tSfod ¼Organic½ [ksrksa esa rCnhy djukA LFkkuh; Boosters dgrs gS&^^fiNys ,d n’kd esa f’kdkxksa gj ikjEifjd n`f"V ls lc izdkj dh uxjh; lqfo/kkvksa ds ekin.M ij vOoy jgk gSA ,d yk[k ls vf/kd fuoklh ;gk¡ vk;s gSA iqjkus 'kgj esa yk[kksa u;s jkstxkj tksMs gSA Å¡ph bekjrksa dh o`f) dks izfs jr fd;k gSA xjhch njksa esa ?kVk;k gSA gtkjksa de dher ds ?kjksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k gSA 9000 djksM Mkyj ds okf"kZd i;ZVu m|ksx dks izkRs lkfgr fd;k gS ,oa f’kdkxksa dks ns’k dk lcls vf/kd lqUnj uxj cuk;k gSA
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okLro esa vusd gfj;kyh is’kkoj m)r gks x;s gSA gfj;kyh ,oa lkekftd mÙkjnkf;Ro fuHkkus okys O;kikjksa dk lefiZr USA dk igyk Mall f’kdkxksa esa 2008 esa [kqyus okyk gS ftldks uke fn;k Green Exchange.
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250000 oxZQhV ds bl Hkou esa 100 foØsrks gskx as As dsoy [kqnjk cspus okyksa dh gh ughaA Green Exchange esa ,dhd`r NikbZ ds vykok tSfod jsLrjka vkSj dSQ]s fVdus okys QuhZpj dk LVksj] gjh&Hkjh bekjrksa dh iwfrZ djus okyh dEiuh] i;kZoj.k fe= Nkik[kkuk ,sls okLrqf’kYih vkSj dykdkj tks lEiks"k.k dks c<+kok nsrs gSA i;kZoj.k fe= diMksa dh dEiuh] eksVj&xkMh dh lokjh ds fy, lk>snkjh lsok,a] lkbfdy dh nqdku ,oa ,slh vusd foØsrk gksx a As Green exchange ds fy, tks LFkku pquk x;k gS og cgqr vPNk gS& ogk¡ ls vuqekfur 350000 xkfM;k izfrfnu fudyrh gSA fuekZ.k djus okyh dEiuh Hartshorch and Plunkard bl ckr dk iwjk /;ku j[k jgh gS fd bekjr dh ,sfrgkfld [kwch;k¡ dk;e jgsA blds lkFk] dEiuh dh Vhe Leed ekin.Mksa dk ikyu djsxh] ÅtkZ dq’ky okrkoj.k cuk;sxh] gjh Hkjh Nr cuk;sxh] 'kq) gok xq.koÙkk dk;e j[ksxh] izkd`frd lqUnj izkx a .k lkbfdyksa ds fy;s dejs] lEesyuksa ,oa vU; dk;ZØeksa ds fy, LFkku ,oa iwoZorhZ ladfjr ikfdZx a LFky cuk;sxhA
uxjh; ijh{k.kks dk fQYe mRlo
ftu iz;ksxksa ds ckjs es vkius i<k mUgh ij vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy;s vki ;g fQYes ns[k ldras gSaA
Cit yR epair dh ekU;rk gS fd LFkkf;Ro ds fy, la L dq f r] vFkZ ] O;oLrk vkS j fu.kZ ; fu/kkZ j .k dk City Repair
LFkkuh;dj.k djuk vko’;d gSA ’kgj ds [kkyh LFkkuksa dks lkeqnkf;d ijd LFkkuksa esa cnyusa ls iM+ksfl;ksa dh ijEijk] leqnk;ksa ds 'kfDrdj.k vkSj LFkkuh; laLdqfr ds lEiks"k.k ds cht cks;s tkrs gSA http://www.cityrepair.org/wiki.php/about
i;kZoj.k ij vk/kkfjr jpukvksa ij fQYeks dh {k[kyk http://www.design-e2.com/
D;wck ds uxjh; [ksrh dk;ZØe
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid= 66172489666918336&q=the+power+of+community&ei=HGaPSO_4KYmS4wKujoGSCA
tsu ;k=k ls VksjsUVks ds fuokfl;ksa dh vius ’kgj ds vusd vk’p’Zpfdr djus okys LFkkuksa o iqjkuh bekjrksa dk irk pyk;k http://video.google.com/videoplay?doci 4195677381758722138&q=jane’s%20walk%20in%20toronto&hl=en
iasfjl esa lkbdyks dk p;u
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eWj7N5Gai3w http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aUYfdBdQVuE&feature=related
iSnypyus okyks dk jfookj ¼Pedestrian
Sundays½
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzpBuseI6_Y&feature=related Ciclovia,cxks cxksVk l
http://www.streetfilms.org/archives/ciclovia/ China ds Rizhao esa LoPN ÅtkZ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fYDBTPep8ic f'kdkxks es i;koj.k ij iz;ksx http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-zoC4Roy_Q