F O OT S C R AY S T R U C T U R E P L A N Precinct for Healthy Living
INTRODUCTION Footscray presents an exciting destination filled with rich heritage, vibrant cultural, a booming activity centre, and attractive major parks alongside the riverfront. The area is well-connected by train and bus, providing the residents with strong mobility to the Melbourne CBD. New developments make for a pivotal moment in Footscray’s structure since the population will grow by a further 32,000 residents over the next twenty years. This will challenge the current transport infrastructure, posing an opportunity to give priority to active modes of transport in the future. Considering this population growth, the lively activity centre is set to become a pedestrianfriendly hub. Facilitating this transition offers an inspiring challenge when taking into account the high level of traffic volume that Footscray experiences today as a key connection between the Melbourne CBD and western metropolitan Melbourne. Our growing population calls for the expansion health services and community amenity, in order to fulfill great access for every resident. Another important aspect of planning for a growing
population is providing considerate housing prices to preserve the cultural character developed by Footscray’s tradition of blue-collar workers. While developing high density living in close proximity to heritage housing, Footscray is quickly becoming a dynamic mesh between generations and lifestyles. With diversity in cultural background, age, and profession, Footscray is tailored for mixed use living. Planning for great connectivity and accessibility, considerate and meaningful social health, and conscious, broad-vision development will set Footscray apart as a shining example of smart planning. Utilising best practice guidelines from across the world as well as adopting local planning controls to solidify Footscray and Melbourne as a desirable place to live and work. Reinforcing the proud history and heritage of Footscray by considerate and coordinated development controls is important to continue the successful integrated society that has organically formed throughout the years.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF COUNTRY We acknowledge the traditional custodians of the lands on which what is now called Footscray is located; the Woiworung & Boonwurrung groups of the Kulin Nation. This area has been significant to the indigenous population for over 40,000 years as a social gathering point. Footscray is proud to foster an integrated, multicultural society that continues to flourish in this significant part of Melbourne.
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Footscray Structure Plan
INDEX
History
4
Context
6
Analysis Demographics
8
Built Form Green Space Transport
10 12 16 20
Issues & Opportunities
24
26 30 34
Transport & Connectivity Built Form & Heritage Social & Community
Framework
38
Community Participation
39
Vision & Objectives
40
42 50 58
Consolidate Active Transport Increase Public Space Improve Built Form
Implementation
64
Summary
70
References
71
Precinct for Healthy Living
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H istor y
1839 saw the establishment of the punt connecting towns in the west to the city of Melbourne. This marked the first permanent settler structure in the area that would come to be known as Footscray
The Woiworung & Boonwurrung people have occupied the land on which Footscray is located for at least 40,000 years. It was an important gathering point between groups.
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Footscray Structure Plan
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Employment within the area was high due to its manufacturing base. The majority of residents in Footscray were low income blue collar workers.
Footscray was established as an important location for industry due to its proximity to the city and its location on the Maribyrnong river. Industrial effluent was discharged directly in to the river, high levels of pollution resulted.
Setting the suburb up as an attractive employment and residential area is vital to the ongoing health of the community. Footscray intends to take advantage of Government funded significant infrastructure to better improve transport connections.
re nt Large scale residential developments along the eastern edge of the Maribyrnong river have been constructed. Increasing population has placed pressures on the transport network throughout the area.
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Cu r
The constrained physical environment in Footscray have eroded the earnings ability of manufacturing industries, who have sought larger, more connected sites further west.
’s 60
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Fu t
80
’s
ur e
Footscray became a major location for resettlement of European migrants after World War Two and South East Asia in the 1980’s. A rich cultural heritage has resulted.
Precinct for Healthy Living
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Contex t Footscray - The Heart of the West Located on the banks of the Maribyrnong River, in the local government municipality the City of Maribyrnong. Just 5.5km west of Melbourne City CBD, Footscray has become the gateway to the west, with 4 out of the 5 most southerly transport corridors connecting the western suburbs to the CBD in Footscray. Current projections estimate metropolitan Melbourne’s population to double by 2051 (Plan Melbourne, 2017 ), in order to meet the needs of a growing population, appropriate planning policy and implementation strategies are needed, without these, socio-economic and socio-environ-
Hume
mental issues raised within this report associated to health and wellbeing will be further exacerbated. The City of Maribyrnong & Footscray are well positioned within the context of a rapidly expanding Melbourne, both geographically and economically. Well established transport routes, large amounts of land available for development; close proximity to numerous employment centre and residential areas will enable Footscray to confirm itself as the commercial, residential and economic centre of the Inner West.
Whittlesea Nillumbik
Melton Yarra Rangers
Wyndham
Cardinia
Mornington Peninsula
Map 1: Melbourne Greater Metropolitan Region (Jonathon Christie) Scale = KM City of Maribyrnong 5 15 25 City of Melbourne 20 10
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Footscray Structure Plan
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Outer Local Govt. Areas Inner Local Govt. Areas
10
KM 15
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Footscray
5.5K m Melbourne CBD
Map 3: Maribyrnong & City of Melbourne (Jonathon Christie) KM
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Footscray City of Maribyrnong
Inner Local Govt. Areas Outer Local Govt. Areas
The site has strategic importance as a key corridor between the booming western suburbs and the Melbourne CBD. Historically the area has received little funding from both Federal & State levels of government. As a result significant infrastructure is lacking in the area. This is an important consideration when taking into account the projected doubling in population expected in Footscray in the next 25 years. Significant investment in transport, social & public health infrastructure is necessary. The precinct extents have been constrained by Australian Bureau of Statistics Statistical Area Level 1 (SA1) boundaries in order to correctly and accurately ascertain census data relevant to the analysis of the report. This detailed anaylsis has assisted to develop the interventions & recommendations stipulated in this report
River Crossing Rail Line Road Map 3: Crossings (Jonathon Christie)
Precinct for Healthy Living
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A N A LYS I S
De m o graphics Bu i lt Form G reen Space Tra n sp or t
Footscray Structure Plan
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Demo graphics Population & Age Structure The current population of the study area is 4063 according to the ABS in 2016. The most populous groups in the study area are from 25 - 34 (29.9%) & 35 - 49 (20.5%). Those in the 18 24 age group comprise 15% of the populations within the study area. These 3 demographics are higher than the state average.
Young Workforce
The majority of residents of the area fall between 18 - 49. Both the age groups 0 - 18 & 60+ are underrepresented when compared to the rest of Victoria.
SA1 Population Age Distribution
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The close proximity to the CBD as well as being the location for Victoria Universities largest campus has made the area attractive for the young workforce demographic.
25 20 %
15 10 5 0
Future Projections
0-18
18-24
25-34
35-49
50-59
AGE Group
Projections estimate that the population of Footscray will more than double from 17,536 in 2016 to 49,021 in 2041. Forecasts suggest that the ‘Young Workforce’ will remain the most dominant. Due to an aging population however, there will be a noticeable increase in older age group. There is predicted to be a doubling of the 85+ age group to 3.7%
Study Area
Victoria
Population Age Distribution
Household size is expected to drop during this period as more lone person households are situated in the area. 29.3% of households are occupied by a single person, compared to 24.7% for Victoria. A large portion of these single occupant homes will be student accommodation, a tenure which is becoming more prevalent in the area.
Lone Person Households
Age Groups 0-17 18-64 65+ Source: Population Projection, Plan Melbourne 2017 Figures 1-5: ABS Data (2016) (Nancy Hwanhee Yoo)
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Footscray Structure Plan
Forecast Population & Average Household Size
60+
Unemployment 9.6%
Footscray experiences a very high unemployment rate of 9.6% in comparison to the state of Victoria where the average is 6.1%.
6.1%
The maps presented show a correlation exists between high rates of unemployment and areas where social housing is the dominant housing tenure.
Unemployment Rate Unemployment
A pattern becomes evident when incorporating various measurable methodologies regarding socio-economic disadvantage. There is a distinct area that exists within the precinct that is significantly disadvantaged when compared to the rest of Footscray as well as the state as a whole.
Fully Owned Renting Social Housing Renting - Private
Education Close to one fifth of the population in areas with social housing have not completed school past year 10. Unfortunate correlations exist between low levels of education, occupational class and lower life expectancy. Residents of these areas are therefore more likely to experience hardship & poverty, which will negatively influence their long term health and wellbeing.
Dominant Housing Tenure
4.94 - 7.93 7.94 - 10.93 10.94 - 13.92 13.93 - 16.91 16.92 - 19.90
Unemployment Rate
0 1-4 5-9 10 - 14 15 - 18
31 - 47 48 - 64 65 - 80 81 - 97 98 - 113
Adults who did not complete Year 11
Single Parent Households
Figures 6-10: SA1 Population Distributions (Nancy Hwanhee Yoo)
Precinct for Healthy Living
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Built Form 1: TEXT HEADING Overlays
Zones
Footscray has a history the city of Maribyrnong has every intention of protecting. Several Heritage & Neighbourhood Character Overlays are spread through the area that aim to protect individual houses and greater areas from unsympathetic redevelopment. Most prominent of these is the Newell Street Neighbourhood Character Overlay, essentially protecting all houses on this street from any kind of development that may have an impact on street character. An expanded Heritage Overlay protects a large section of residential land from being developed. Smaller Heritage Overlays protect individual blocks in the Activity Centre Zone from development that may harm historically significant buildings.
The majority of the Southern Section of the precinct is covered by an Activity Centre Zone. An area identified by council that has the potential for redevelopment and urban renewal. This area covers the former light industrial area along the banks for the Maribyrnong River and most of the city centre. This zone actively encourages development with relaxed height restrictions enabling high density apartment construction.
Development Plan Overlays exist that guides potential development of certain areas, ensuring an expedited planning process that also has the benefit of ensuring the development enhances the surrounding area.
The Activity Centre Zone covers approximately one third of the entire precinct. 26% of the properties in the Activity Centre Zone are covered by various Heritage Overlays. The majority of recent medium to high density developments have been concentrated to this area.
Zones & Overlays Precinct | Footscray
26%
ACZ1 Properties Covered by Heritage Overlay GRZ1 - General Residential Zone NRZ1 - Neighbourhood Residential Zone PUZ2 - Public Use Zone ACZ1 - Activity Centre Zone MUZ1 - Mixed Use Zone SUZ1 - Special Use Zone PUZ1 - Pubic Use Zone PPRZ - Public Park & Recreation Zone HO - Heritage Overlay DDO - Design & Development Overlay DPO - Development Plan Overlay NCO - Neighbourhood Character Overlay
Zones Map 4: Zones & Overlays (Samuel Hill) Scale = M 100
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Footscray Structure Plan
General Residential Neighbourhood Residential Activity Centre Mixed Use
Special Use Public Use Public Use Park & Recreation
Overlays Design & Development Heritage Development Plan Neighbourhood Character
HEADING 1: TEXT Current Building Heights The precinct has an incredibly varied built form due to its industrial / residential history. It was until very recently dominated by a mix of low rise residential and commercial. There are some buildings close to the centre that have been recently redeveloped however large amounts of the precinct remain low rise. The impact of Heritage & Neighbourhood Character Overlays has on the built form cannot be overstated. There is a stark difference in plot size and coverage when comparing the residential areas to the commercial and light industrial areas. The low density residential area in the centre is quite evident. Compared to the former industrial areas along the bank of the Maribyrnong River where the plot size is substantially larger.
1-2 Story 3-6 Story 7-10 Story 11-25 Story Map 5: Current Building Height (Samuel Hill)
Height Limits There are some pockets that were previously light industrial which are now ideally located within the Activity Centre Zone. The intention of the City of Maribyrnong is to concentrate high density residential in the areas surrounding Footscray station and the major roads. Population within the Footscray area is expected to grow drastically and the council is intending to do that without compromising on the historical character of the greater area. This change in development can be noted in the drastic increase in plot size and coverage in the Activity Centre Zone. Many of these new developments are combining several plots and taking up all the land available. Precinct plans exist that intend to promote and control high density residential developments in the area, specifically the Josephs Road Precinct on the outer East edge of the area.
Scale = M 100
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1-2 Story 3-6 Story 7-10 Story 11-25 Story Map 6: Height Limit (Samuel Hill)
Precinct for Healthy Living
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Built Form Developments Currently there are 5205 dwellings in various stages of planning or construction, providing homes for approximately 7500 new residents, 4500 new car spaces and 2500 new bike spaces. Also mapped here is the location of ‘Potential Development’ sites identified by the City of Maribyrnong itself. The local council has made the effort to analyse its own precinct to identify those sites with the greatest development potential. Crucially there are provisions to increase public transport accessibility in the Activity Centre Zone area, with council supporting 2 additional tram routes to the area. However, nothing has been confirmed at this stage from the state level, meaning all these new residents will be either relying on the current bus and train services or private vehicles. The 4500 approved car spaces will add to the already overburdened road network. Ave. Farnsworth
Moore St.
Nicholson St.
Ballarat Rd.
Barkly St.
Leeds St.
Hopkins Rd.
Undergoing Planning Assessment Under Construction
hall S
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Approved
White
Potential Development Sites Proposed Green Space
Napie
Map 7: Developments (Samuel Hill) Scale = M 100
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Footscray Structure Plan
r St.
Under Assessment Under Construction
Potential Development Site Proposed Green Space
Approved Activity Centre Zone
HEADING 1: TEXT Health Services Primary and Secondary Health Services are mostly all located within the central area surrounding Footscray Railway station. There are no primary or secondary health services located within a 400m walking distance to some of the most disadvantaged areas. Almost 50% of residents in this area are renting social housing and is an area with high rates of unemployment. Coincidently this area also has the least accessibility to public transport and the lowest rates of car ownership.
The planned increase in population has led to the expansion of schools in the area. This should account for the increased demand for student places in local schools. Keeping pace with development is a priority for the City of Maribyrnong.
This oversight exacerbates an already underprivileged sector of the Footscray community. The residents of this precinct have access to a wealth of Community Health services. The City of Maribyrnong council has put a lot of time and effort into expanding their schools and community facilities.
Community: Sport Club, Community Centre, Places of Worship, Support Programs, Arts Programs
Farnsworth
Primary: Doctors, Hospitals, Dentists, Osteopathy. Pathology Secondary: Pharmacy, Medicare, Centrelink, Gym, Disability Services, Women’s Health, Aged Care
Ave. Primary Secondary Community 400m Walk from Primary & Secondary Services
Moore St.
Nicholson St.
Ballarat Rd.
Leeds St.
Barkly St.
White
hall S
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Hopkins Rd.
Napie
r St.
Map 8: Services (Samuel Hill) Scale = M 100
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Primary Secondary
Community 400m Walk from Primary & Secondary Services
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G reen Space Green Space Diagram The chosen study area has 33.7% of the total green space in the City of Maribyrnong. Large high quality green spaces such as Footscray Park, Newells Paddock and Footscray Arts Centre are located on the periphery of the study area. There is a stark contrast in the quality of green space when comparing these large spaces with the small parks within inner Footscray. Residents were surveyed by the City of Maribyrnong in order to ascertain their thoughts and opinions on the amount and quality of green space in the area. 58% of respondents are satisfied with the amount of open grassed area however only 30% consider the amount of seating to be adequate. Development plans exist for several precincts with detailed information on access and quality of parks and recreation spaces.
Map 9: Green space (Kyle Wood) Scale = M 100
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Footscray Structure Plan
Parks & Reserves Sporting Fields
30%
Consider the amount of seating adequate
58%
People satisfied with amount of open grassed areas
HEADING 1: TEXT 300,000m2 Footscray Park
120,000m2 Maribyrning River Reserve
Victoria University
Newell’s Paddock 9,500m2
Footscray Arts Centre
Grimes Reserve
Tanner Reserve
4,000m2 Ercildoune Reserve
Cornwall Reserve
Donald St Reserve
Seelaf Square
Munroe Square
Cornwall Reserve
Maddern Reserve
McCoy Reserve
Swaby Square
Leunig Place Reserve
0m2
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Map 10: Green Space Diagram (Kyle Wood)
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Scale = M 100
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Precinct for Healthy Living
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G reen Space Playground Walkability
Regional Park Walkability
With consideration to the expected population growth within the precinct, it is important to account for all age groups. In addition to this, parks with a playground represent spaces which might be considered sizable enough to accommodate residents. The overall low quality of Footscray’s green spaces is reflected in the fact that 70% of respondents felt that public seating provided is inadequate (Maribyrnong City Council, 2014).
The Maribyrnong Open Space Strategy Plan (2014) has determined 500 metres to be an appropriately walkable distance from a regional park to deem it accessible. Under this consideration, there are still sizable gaps without access to one of these major green spaces within the precinct. This walkability catchment does not consider the poor pedestrian conditions of major thoroughfares such as Moore Street and Ballarat Road, which would not only detract from the appeal of walking to one of the regional parks, but would also make it physically more difficult than a normal street, with difficult crossings and long wait times, as well as frequent heavy vehicles movements.
The commercial centre is almost entirely impermeable surface. It should be noted that the commercial centre is not without public open space. In addition to the wealth of cafes, restaurants, and shops that do in fact offer ample opportunity for sitting and relaxing, there are broad pedestrian alleyways with adequate seating and considerable amounts of unoccupied space. In spite of this, the same benefits are not gained from these facilities as are gained from vegetation and open grassed areas. Not only does green space offer irreplaceable benefits to the mental health of the population, but open grassed areas also supply residents with a space to have picnics, to play ball games, to run and jump and fall in a manner that they are unable to in the built environment of Footscray’s commercial centre (Zhou & Parves Rana, 2012). As a result of this, we see an intriguing dichotomy in Footscray between the lush, well maintained, and highly used regional parks along the Maribyrnong River, juxtaposed with the intensely built environment of inner Footscray without much relief from the impermeability to be found anywhere.
Map 11: Playground Walkability (Kyle Wood) Scale = M 100
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300m Playground Walkability Playground
Footscray Structure Plan
Despite Footscray’s wealth of green space, it is not accessible by everyone. Unfortunately, every one of the larger regional parks is along the river, leaving the rest of the area with few small local parks, which see insignificant amount of use. A survey from the City of Maribyrnong found that of the 37% of respondents who wished to access green space but did not, 54% did not because of safety concerns (Maribyrnong City Council, 2014). Perhaps a portion of these safety concerns are unavoidable on account of the fact that the regional green spaces are in large part isolated from the rest of the precinct’s activity, but the percentage of safety concerns is far too high regardless, and having so many people fear for their safety in open spaces stands as a glaring obstacle to healthy living in Footscray.
Map 12: Regional Park Walkability (Kyle Wood) 500m Regional Park Walkability
HEADING 1: TEXT Urban Heat Island Effect The majority of green space that exists within the precinct area is the major regional parks located in the periphery. This is supported by numerous small parks of low quality and little amenity. What also needs to be taken into consideration is the sizable amount of private open space available to residents within the residential areas, which can be seen in Map (). The properties in areas zoned either General Residential (GRZ) and Neighbourhood Residential (NRZ) have private open space provision within their zoning guidelines, which require minimum amounts of private open space to be maintained. In several areas Heritage and Neighbourhood Character Overlays exist to further strengthen these requirements . There is a distinct lack of private open space and public open space available to residents in the Activity Centre Zone towards the central and southern portions of the precinct. Large plots with high percentage of land coverage is becoming more typical in the ACZ as higher density developments increase. The above mentioned issues have a drastic and measurable impact on the local climate within the area. The composite image (Map ()) displays the impact the public open space; private open space and built environment is having on the area. The areas with the lowest average temperature are the regional parks and the predominantly residential areas in the northern portion of the precinct. Whilst the area with the highest average temperatures is located within the central and southern portions of the precinct. This correlates with the analysis the green space analysis of the area. The more private and public open space within an area will have a dramatic effect on the local climate. Ensuring good outcomes for residents in regards to open space is vital to the ongoing health and sense of community in the area.
Potential Green Space Private / Public / Open Built Form / Impervious Surfaces Temperature Range Warm Cool Maps 13-15: Urban Heat Island Effect (Samuel Hill) Scale = M 100
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Precinct for Healthy Living
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Transp or t Total Trips in Maribyrnong Private vehicle transport accounts for the vast majority of trips made by residents of Maribyrnong. This suggests a very car dependent area. This will be further exacerbated by the influx of residents expected in the coming decades. Approximately 30,000 new residents will call Maribyrnong home. Approximately 240,000 trips were completed on the average workday originating from Maribyrnong City. This will increase significantly over the next 20+ years as the population more than doubles.
As a result private vehicles are the overwhelming choice for the majority of residents for the purposes of everyday activities. Traveling to work and education are the main reasons residents are leaving the area, each accounting for an equal share percentage. They are important considerations for all residents. The information presented suggests that residents do not have easy or convenient access to other, more sustainable forms of transport.
A significantly high proportion of trips are made by private vehicles (70.64%). Public transport is not heavily favoured by residents within the area. Active transport modes such as walking and cycling only count for 16.9% & 3.4% respectively.
Private Vehicles: 70.64%
Methods of Travel to Work in Footscray Others 12.2% Walking/Cycling 5.4% Private Vehicles 68.3%
Public Transport 14.1%
Methods of Travel to Work in Maribyrnong
240,000 TOTAL TRIPS Walking: 16.9%
Others 13.5% Walking/Cycling 5.6% Private Vehicles 54.9%
Public Transport 26%
Methods of Travel to Work in Greater Melbourne (SA1, ABS 2016) Others 16% Walking/Cycling 4%
Public Transport: 9%
Private Vehicles 65%
Public Transport 15%
Bicycle: 3.4% Figure 11: Victoria Integrated Survey of Travel & Activity (VISTA, 2018)
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Footscray Structure Plan
Figures 12-14: SA1, Australian Bureau of Statistics (Census, 2016)
HEADING 1: TEXT Public Transport Analyzing Maribyrnong’s existing public transport networks, the most integrated network mode is in fact bus services, as opposed to tram and trains within the municipality. Key locations such as Footscray Hospital, Highpoint Shopping Mall, and Victoria University are well accessible and connected with bus networks.
of private vehicle (i.e. 68.3%) than the Maribyrnong City or Greater Melbourne averages, while only 14.1% used public transport as compared with 26% in Maribyrnong City and 15% in Greater Melbourne (ABS, 2016).
Comparing the commuting statistics of Footscray, Maribyrnong City and Greater Melbourne reveal the major modes of travel to work with the geographical comparison from a local to regional scale (i.e. Footscray, Maribyrnong and Greater Melbourne). To illustrate, Footscray has a higher use
Public Transport Accessibility Principle public transport network areas within a 400m buffer of the precinct area has been analysed by conducting an isochrone mapping around train, tram and bus stops with a 100m buffer interval. To acquire an accurate network coverage areas within the selected buffer size, ArcMap 10.4, a comprehensive remote sensing software is used to conduct a network analysis by geoprocessing its local street network along with its existing public transportation stops. Moreover, as an average speed of a human walking is 1.4m/s, the estimate for every 100m buffer is then multiplied by the average speed and then converted into minutes. The outcome of this analysis has presented worthwhile results in terms of assessing the precincts catchment areas
and achieving a 20-minute neighbourhood. For instance, the existing bus stops within the precinct have essentially succeeded in reaching the entire area by providing a maximum 10 minutes walk to the nearest stop from any given point in the precinct. In addition, there is strong tram and train service coverage at Footscray commercial centre, while the remaining areas of the precinct are neglected. This is true despite the fact that these areas contain a significant portion of residences. Although bus stops have a great service catchment coverage, buses have been experiencing delays and inconsistency (Maribyrnong City Council, 2012). This is as a result of increasing traffic congestion and sharing busy road spaces with cars on Ballarat Road, Moore St, and Hopkins Road. Bus Routes Bus Stops
Train & Tram Routes Train & Tram Stops
Bus Stop Catchment Area
Train/Tram Catchment Area
~100-400m ( 2-10 min walk )
~100-400m ( 2-10 min walk ) 100 m
2 min walk
100 m
2 min walk
200 m
5 min walk
200 m
5 min walk
300 m
7 min walk
300 m
7 min walk
400 m
10 min walk
400 m
10 min walk
Bus route
Rail Network
Bus stop
Rail Stop
Map 16: Transport: Train & Team Network (Derrick Lim) Scale = M 100
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100m / 2min 200m / 5min
Map 17: Transport: Bus Network (Derrick Lim) 300m / 7min 400m / 10min
Precinct for Healthy Living
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Public Transport The City of Maribyrnong has an abundance of bus networks. This can be attributed to their lack of integrated tram and train services. Two train lines service only a small amount of the municipality and the one tram line does not link to Melbourne CBD. As a result the bus network is heavily relied on to carry the majority of public transport users.
Footscray will see a dramatic increase in residents in the near future and with already low levels of public transport usage there is the real possibility of Footscray becoming a car dependent suburb. This is an alarming conclusion owing to the fact that Footscray is only 5kms from the CBD with direct public transport services.
Footscray has seen a 20% increase of employed residents since 2011, however public transport patronage has not increased by the same numbers. Train travel only increased by 3.8% during the same period.
Bus Line Tram Line Train Line
High Point Footscray Hospital Vic Uni
Bus travel accounts for only 1.8% of employed persons method of travel for work. A significant gap between this mode of transport and employment destinations. The frequency of these bus service suggests the main patronage is the elderly and families, traveling for leisure and education purposes. th Ave. Farnswor
472
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406
Tram Bus Train
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406 40 9
Ballarat Rd . 404
Nicholso n St.
409 406 404
LEED ST/HOPKINS SSTT 216 219 223 23
406 472
Moore St . Hopkins
LEED ST/PAISLEY ST 411 412 220
St. 216 219 2 402 403
414 410 472 FOOTSCRAY STATION AT N ATION 402 403 216
Frequency of Bus Services peak hours (11am-5pm)
219 220 223
every 20 mins every 30 mins every 40 mins every 50/60 mins
0 0 0 0
404 406 409
403, 402, 411, 412 216, 219, 220, 223
Whit eha ll St .
%
Transport
404, 406, 409, 414 410, 472
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Transit Centre Bus Stop
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Map 18: Precinct Bus Network & Frequency (Derrick Lim) Scale = M 100
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Footscray Structure Plan
Every 20 min Every 30 min
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Every 40 min Every 50 min
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Transit Centre Bus Stop
HEADING 1: TEXT Distance from Employment Footscray has long been a hub for industry and manufacturing however there has been a steady decline since the mid point of the 19th century. Industrial productivity has seen a decline of 3.2% from 2011-2016 levels and is projected to continue declining in the future. The area once boasted a large residential community whom also worked within the area.
Transport infrastructure planning needs to take in to account the rapid change experienced by the workers within Footscray. An increasing number of residents are now traveling outside of the precinct. A trend the City of Maribyrnong wishes to reverse as demands of transport infrastructure grows.
The decline in industrial jobs has outpaced the suburbs ability to respond with appropriate levels of new employment. As a result the majority of residents are now employed elsewhere in the city (77.8%), compared to just 19.2% within the municipality.
Maribyrnong City’s Residents
Place of Work (LGA, ABS, 2016)
OUTSIDE
WITHIN
77.8%
NOT FIXED
19.2%
2.9%
30km
Source: Australian Bureau Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2016.
.5km
2
Distance travelled to work by residents in Footscray (SA1, ABS, 2016)
0
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30km
46.6% 30.5% 9.5% Proportion of workers in Footscray Source: Australian Bureau Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2016.
0
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Map19: Distance From Employment (Derrick Lim)
Precinct for Healthy Living
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ISSUES & OPPORTUNITIES
HEADING 1: SECTION HEADING 2: TEXT Subheading
Text
Tra n sp or t & Connec tivit y Bu i lt Form & Heritage S o c i al & Communit y
Footscray Structure Plan
25
Issue 1: Transp or t & Connec tivit y HEADING 1: TEXT Transport Mode Conflicts There is a major disconnect apparent between vehicle and pedestrian movement within the area. Many of the major and minor roads have been constructed to give priority to the motor vehicle over other users.
Ballarat Rd. Moore St.
Narrow footpaths, no cycling lanes, poor canopy cover and minimal road crossings have resulted in very unfriendly pedestrian movement areas. As a result walking and cycling have become discouraged.
Hopkins Rd.
White hall S t.
The Footscray Metropolitan Activity Centre has seen numerous incidents of collisions between vehicles and pedestrians.
Napie
r St.
Map 20: Arterial Road (Derrick Lim) Scale = M 100
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500
Arterial Roads Pedestrian Crossings
Pedestrian Accidents
Traffic Congestion Footscray plays a key role in facilitating connections between the booming Western suburbs and the Melbourne CBD. 5 of the 6 major access points between these two areas are currently within the precinct boundary.
Ballarat Rd. Moore St.
The precinct is currently utilised by manufacturing as a transport connection between their manufacturing base is the Western suburbs and their logistic providers in the Port of Melbourne. As a result the precinct sees in excess of 3500 heavy vehicle movements per day, more than should be considered appropriate for such a densely populated residential area.
White hall S t.
Hopkins Rd.
Numerous new developments are planned for the area which will dramatically increase the population. Without proper planning and execution these new residents will overwhelm the already overburdened traffic network.
Napie
r St.
Map 21: Traffic Volume (Derrick Lim) Scale = M 100
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Footscray Structure Plan
Developments Under Construction Developments Approved
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HEADING 1: TEXT
Image 1: Footscray Interchange (Samuel Hill)
Public Transport Accessibility The precinct is home to only 1 train station and 1 tram line, which is also only readily accessible Traveling to Work by Bus to residents and workers in the Activity Centre Zone. The majority of the residents outside this area only have access to bus services which mostly cater for local trips. This limits residents withing and outside the immediate are access to employment opportunities. There are 3 tram stops within the precinct, with only 1 that has been constructed as an accessible stop for people with reduced mobility. However, the trams that are utilised on the route in Footscray are not low floor accessible trams, severely restricting passengers with disabilities from accessing this vital public transport mode. The tram line terminates in the precinct, thus limiting the destination options for residents.
Source: ABS, Census of Population & Housing (2016)
Precinct for Healthy Living
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Opportunity Transport & Connectivit y HEADING 1:1:TEXT Street Layout The abundance of wide boulevards within the precinct boundary lend themselves to reconfiguration and adaptation. Residents have strong accessibility to central Footscray, which is also well serviced by public transport networks to the Melbourne CBD. With an activity centre like that of Footscray, many social and community needs are provided for the residents. This means that residents do not need to travel as far for access to everything they may need. Utilising these streets to provide better, pedestrian friendly, walkable connections will provide a strong basis for ensuring a healthy community. Increased infrastructure such a cycling lanes will encourage more active transport trips.
Topography Consistent flat topography will better enhance active transport links. The relatively flat landscape and an established grid road layout within The Precinct area can enhance active transport accessibility to key transportation hubs. This means that with proper active transport infrastructure, it would be no trouble to traverse the precinct. City of Maribyrnong should be able to leverage this type of topography to provide interconnected active transport methods. An increase in pedestrian zones & dedicated cycling paths are made possible due to the terrain in the precinct.
Map 22: Street Layout & Contours (Samuel Hill)
Scale = M 100
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Footscray Structure Plan
Private Space
Street Network
Elevation 1m
HEADING 1: TEXT Public Transport Connectivity Upon the completion of Metro Rail tunnel, Footscray will be directly connected to a large amount of Metropolitan Melbourne. It will be on the same rail line as several National Employment & Innovation Clusters in Parkville; Sunshine & Werribee. The Metro Rail network serves Footscray very well. Figure () represents the projected rail network upon the completion of the Metro Rail Tunnel. Footscray will be directly connected on 3 lines to over half of Metropolitan Melbourne. With one change access to the remainder of the network being achieved. Apart from the CBD this unrivaled public transport connectivity has the potential to be leveraged to not only attract new residents, but businesses priced out of the CBD commercial rental market.
Crossing Rail Line Road
New Crossing New Rail Line New Road
Map 23: Future Transport Connectivity (Samuel Hill)
Wallan Mernda
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Train Lines Through Footscray Station Train Lines Accessible with Single Change Figure 15: Future Melbourne Metropolitan Rail (Samuel Hill)
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Compromising Character & Heritage The restrictive heritage & character overlays currently in place have done well in protecting the physical housing stock in the area from being over developed. However, a balance needs to be found that meets the needs of this growing precinct, whilst catering for heritage considerations.
The below images were taken from approximately the same distance from a building, directly across the road, approximately 10m - 20m distance. The top row was taken in within the Heritage and Neighbourhood Character zone, whilst the bottom row was taken within new development areas.
This is also important for the industrial areas along the river, as the buildings here have a unique personality, which help tell the tale of Footscray’s working class history
Image 10 has been taken within the Heritage Overlay area of a row of small houses, in the background a large development approximately 250m away. A current construction that still has another 10 floors to add. It will soon be joined by 8 buildings of similar scale in that area. These high density residential constructions will compromise the character of Footscray by dominating the local context.
Developments in the Activity Centre Zone are dominating the local context. The size of these constructions are dwarfing the existing residential buildings. Recent developments have taken advantage of generous planning environment by maximising plot size, coverage and building height.
1 2
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Ballarat Rd. 6 7
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Nicholson St .
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Josephs Road Precin
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Issue 2: Built Form & Heritage HEADING 1: TEXT
HO- Heritage Overlay NCO- Neighbourhood Character Overlay Areas of High Density Development
HEADING 1: TEXT Design Controls Recent housing stock within Footscray has been of low quality design that has been led by developers intent on maximising profits in a booming industry. Apartments designed for investment purchases are often designed with high rental rates and resale value in mind. Financial returns are prioritised at the expense of livability. This results in large numbers of small dwellings crammed in to huge developments; poor environmental performance & poor community activation opportunities by residents. The increase in the number of lone person households has the potential to negatively impact on the mental health rates of residents. Poor building design; accessibility and community activation will exacerbate these health issues.
Image: Samuel Hill
Development Activity
Ave. Farnsworth
The new developments in the Josephs Road precinct are completely cut off from the surrounding area by the train line and several major roads. There is only 1 narrow footpath along a busy arterial road linking this area to the centre of Footscray and the train station.
Moore St.
Nicholson St.
Scale = M 100
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all St.
Recent housing stock within new developments in Footscray has been of low quality design that has been led by developer’s intent on maximising profits in a booming industry. This results in large numbers of small dwellings that are ill equipped to meet the needs of residents. Map 25: Developments (Samuel Hill)
Josephs Road Precinc
Barkly St. Leeds St.
These large scale developments are not often actively engaged with the local surroundings. Poor ground plane activation by accessible interfaces impedes social cohesion. It creates the impression of unsafe, unusable public spaces. You only need to walk around Docklands at night to appreciate this.
Ballarat Rd.
Napie r St.
Under Assessment Under Construction Significant Barriers
Potential Development Site Proposed Green Space Activity Centre Zone
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31
O pp or tunit1: y 2: Built Form & Heritage HEADING TEXT Large Activity Centre
Available Land
The already generous size and planning of the Activity Centre Zone has invited investment and will continue to do so. Maximising the potential of this activity centre to attract residential and mixed use developments is key to the successful application of suggestions contained in this structure plan.
In addition to the land within the Activity Centre Zone there is a wealth of land available within the General Residential Zone. Opportunities exist that will encourage medium density and mixed use developments in these areas.
This plan contains recommendations that will ensure this area attracts appropriate investment and development. A strong and vibrant Activity Centre Zone has long been the hallmark for this area. Increasing the amount of owner occupiers in the precinct will be enormously beneficial to the area. A population that is no longer dominated by transient rental market will result in a more actively engaged community. These residents are more likely to participate in community beneficial activities as they a long term financial investment in the area..
Ideally located a short commute from the CBD, Footscray has become an attractive residential area in recent years. Relaxed zoning rules has invited numerous large-scale developments within its boundaries. An influx of residents will assist with changing this once disregarded part of Melbourne. A huge amount of land lies within the precinct that has been identified as ideal for redevelopment. By utilising best practice guidelines from across the world the City of Maribyrnong is in an ideal position to transform itself in to a leading example of good Urban Design & Planning.
33%
Covered by ACZ1 - Activity Centre Zone
Potential Development Sites
Map 26: Developments (Samuel Hill) Scale = M 100
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Footscray Structure Plan
Activity Centre Zone Under Assessment Under Construction
High Density Medium - High Density Medium Density Low Density
HEADING 1: TEXT
Image: Footscray House (Samuel Hill)
Heritage Heritage controls will continue to be a consideration for the City of Maribyrnong. The restrictive Overlays currently in place have done well in protecting the character of the area from being over developed. It is important to consider the impact that large scale developments have on the character of the broader area. A balance needs to be found that meets the needs of this growing area, whilst maintaining heritage considerations. The strong built form heritage of Footscray is already well protected from Development. Opportunities exist to strengthen these controls by reducing the impact large scale developments can have on the area.
Map 27: Overlays (Samuel Hill) Scale = M 100
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HO - Heritage Overlay NCO - Neighbourhood Character Overlay
Precinct for Healthy Living
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Issue 3: S o cial & Communit y HEADING 1: TEXT Limited Local Employment
Hume 2.9
Less than 20% of the working population of the City of Maribyrnong work within the area (ABS, 2016). There is also a high unemployment rate of 9.6% within the precinct area. These indicators suggest that there is a lack of local employment opportunities.
Moonee Valley 3.3
Brimbank 6.3
Maribyrnong 19.2
Furthermore, relocation of industry, increasing property values and incoming young professionals who work outside the area, has slowly begun to limit the type of employment available to residents locally. Changing trends in the top occupations of the precinct area show residents that hold managerial, professional and administrative jobs have steadily increased; whilst blue collar jobs such as machine operators and labourers have been in decline (ABS, 2016).
Hobson’s Bay 3.9
Moreland 1.7 Darebin 1.1
Melbourne 33.6
Yarra 4.7
Port Phillip 5.0
Wyndham 3.4
Boroondara 1.6 Stonnington 1.7
Map 28: Employment Location of Residents by LGA, City of Maribyrnong, 2016 (Nancy Hwanhee Yoo)
Aging Population The population aged over 60 is projected to reach 17.5% in 2040 (ABS,2016), almost doubling in proportion of total population. Demand and subsequently the cost of health care is expected to increase. There will also be an increased need for amenities such as accessible public transport and recreational spaces as well as community centres and allied health facilities.
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6
Top Occupation Changes ‘2006 - 2016’
Professionals
Managers
Admin
Operators
Whilst there are several community and recreational places within the precinct they are difficult to access for those reliant on public transport.
Image: Old Man & Mural Footscray (Daniel Bowen, 2015)
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Footscray Structure Plan
Labourers
Trades
HEADING 1: TEXT Housing Stress Housing affordability is threatened by quickly rising property values in The Precinct as Footscray slowly undergoes gentrification. In the metropolitan context, Footscray is one of the last remaining inner city suburbs that has a median property price under one million dollars (See Map 29). Households that experience housing stress may be less able to afford basic needs such as health care.
Those living in temporary housing are more vulnerable to abrupt increases in property values and investors looking to maximise return on by increasing rental prices. The median price of a housing in Footscray is $898,000 and the median cost to rent in Footscray is $460 per week as of Aug, 2018 (REA Group, 2018).
As population rapidly increases, it is important that the housing market is able to meet demand and that it remains affordable for the current and incoming residents. Nearly 60% of residents living in Footscray are renting (ABS, 2016).
Fully Owned
Renting Brunswick West 1,122,000
Moonee Ponds 1,303,850
Purchasing
23%
Brunswick East 1,090,000
Brunswick 1,128,000 Northcote 1,345,000
Ascot Vale 1,130,000
Flemington 995,000
58%
19%
Fairfield 1,350,000
Footscray 898,000 Kew 2,180,000 CBD Yarraville 983,500 Hawthorn 2,132,500
Port Melbourne 1,470,000
Toorak 4,160,000
Prahran 1,466,750 St Kilda 921,000
Median House Price (Millions) Under 1m
Windsor 1,338,750
1m - 1.9m 2km
Over 2m Map 29: Median House Price Relative Distance from CBD (Nancy W Yoo) Scale = KM 1
2
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Precinct for Healthy Living
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O pp or tunit1: y 3: S o cial & Communit y HEADING TEXT Population Growth
Working Age Adults
The population of Footscray is expected to double in the coming years. The proximity to employment centres; abundance of green space; vibrant community and historically low house prices combine to make Footscray an attractive place to reside.
The proximity to the CBD and Victoria University has resulted in a large proportion of working age adults. Engaging this demographic in the local community will bolster the suburbs social connectedness. Opportunities exist to increase participation rates of local sporting clubs and community groups.
The opportunity to partner with developers to produce mutually beneficial built form outcomes exist. Medium density housing can be significantly increased within the precinct.
Engaging the population in community activities is an important consideration for the City of Maribyrnong. Balancing these beneficial outcomes with the detrimental effects of gentrification will become an increasingly important consideration.
Forecast Population
Forecast Age Structure
Figure 16 :Forecast Population & Forecast Age Structure (Nancy Hwanhee Yoo)
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Footscray Structure Plan
HEADING 1: TEXT
Image: (Nancy Hwanhee Yoo)
Cultural Diversity Footscray is proud of its multi cultural heritage and is keen to continue this. The area has an attractive option for many international migrants in the 19th century. Many migrants from Europe in the 1950’s & 1960’s and from South East Asian chose Footscray as a place to settle with their families. Low property prices and employment opportunities made this an attractive option for many whom chose to resettle in Australia. As a result a thriving culture emerged. Cultural diversity is an opportunity for a socially inclusive society which creates a welcoming environment for new residents in the precinct.
Country of Birth 43.8%
Australia
9.6%
Vietnam
6.7%
India
3.9%
China *Excludes SAR & Taiwan
2.1%
New Zealand
Figure 17 : Australian Bureau of Statistics (Census, 2016)
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Framework West Melbourne Structure Plan
Recently created and implemented, the West Melbourne Structure Plan has assisted in the creation of the Footscray Structure Plan. The thorough investigation of current and potential built form integrated with a concise and considered open space strategy is impressive. Implications arise from this plan that will have significant impact on local planning. Also one of the first instances in Victoria to introduce Floor Area Ratio controls.
Lower Hill Master Plan
The Pittsburgh Lower Hill Master Plan is significant due to the tight controls on built form implemented. Whilst the Footscray Structure Plan does not take this direction it is influenced by the master plans adoption of green space pathways and built form reaction to urban context. These elements of urban design assist with integration of the built environment with the surrounding context.
Local Precedents
Victoria has implemented several design guidelines in recent years that seek to impact the character of built for in Melbourne and its surrounds. The Footscray Precinct for Healthy Living intends to reflects and enhance the response to these guidelines to provide a precinct that produces best practice outcomes to the areas current and future residents. Open space guidelines are imperative to any urban planning strategy. Footscray Precinct for Healthy
Living will take advantage of the rich history imparted on the state by planning authorities. The Urban Forest Strategy is important in bring green space into densely landscape. Minimal high quality green space exists within the Footscray Activity Centre. It is important to note that despite best efforts by local councils in Melbourne to improve tree canopy cover there has been a decline in recent years.
Community Participation An integral step in the formation; roll out and integration of this plan into the current fabric of Footscray will be community engagement & participation. Regular consultancy sessions with residents, traders & stakeholders will be held in order to accurately articulate the vision for Footscray Healthy Precinct.
CONTEXT
This report will form the beginning of a series of background research initiatives that will assist with the development of the final submission. Detailed reports regarding Heritage; Community; Built Form; Culture; Transport will be compiled to assist with informing the community on the multitude of challenges experienced by the precinct.
Step One: Research Compiling research regarding Built Form, Heritage & Community to better understand the area. This will be a combination of independent and in house research to ensure impartiality within the outcomes.
1
ANALYSIS Step Two: Consultation ISSUES
VISION
2
Providing this information to the community in a series of information & feedback sessions. This allows the community and stakeholders in the area to provide their thoughts and opinions on how they would like Footscray to evolve into the future.
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Step Three: Engagement OPPORTUNITIES
5
Incorporating the above issues into a series of
FRAMEWORK comprehensive reports that can be taken back 6 to the community for final consultation. At these sessions a design component will be incorporated to give those involved a greater sense of control over the outcomes.
LAND USE PLAN
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STRATEGIC DIRECTION
8
IMPLEMENTATION The final step will encompass amalgamating
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Step Four: Finalisation
TIMELINE
all information discovered during the research component; incorporate community feedback & implementing best practice guidelines to finalise the structure plan. An integrated report will result that ensures Footscray grows to accommodate the needs of all relevant stakeholders.
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SUMMARY
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REFERENCES
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Footscray Structure Plan
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VISION & OBJECTIVES
Future Footscray will be a vibrant connected community which prides itself on cultural diversity, while promoting healthy, active living, social wellbeing and equality. Footscray will lead the way in inclusive city design and planning by focusing on delivering more sustainable, better integrated transportation networks; more affordable housing; access to essential health & community services; access to quality green space; and more diverse and greater employment opportunities closer to where people live.
HEADING 1: SECTION HEADING 2: TEXT Subheading
Text
O b j e c t ive 1:
Consolidate Active Transport
SD 1.1: Road Use Hierarchy
SD 1.2: Public Transport Network
O b j e c t ive 2:
Increase Public Space
SD 2.1: Increase Public Space
SD 2.2: Community Activation
O b j e c t ive 3: Improve Built Form
SD 3.1: Medium Density Developments SD 3.2: Strengthen Heritage
Footscray Structure Plan
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O1: Consolidate Ac tive Transp or t Creation of dedicated bus terminal; adjustment of public transport infrastructure & elevation of active modes Footscray has a transient problem with vehicle traffic traversing the site. As discussed previously the precinct is the location of 4 of the 5 main transport connections from the Western suburbs to the CBD and the Eastern suburbs. Upon the completion of the West Gate Tunnel Project there will be a shift in the method of transport that currently occurs in and around the area.
Strategic Direction 1.1:
There are already restrictions and curfews in place that seek to limit the amount of heavy vehicles that traverse the site. The change in heavy vehicle traffic that will be seen due to the construction of the West Gate Tunnel project will provide an opportunity to reassess and realign road use hierarchy within the precinct. The changes in traffic will be most evident on Moore Street & Whitehall Street as there will be a reduction in heavy vehicle traffic.
Strategic Direction 1.2:
Road Use Hierarchy Adapting the hierarchy of road infrastructure to better facilitate active transport modes
Public Transport Network Changing the public transport network to support increased patronage and better service areas of disadvantage
Precedent: West Melbourne Structure Plan Reducing the reliance on private vehicles is the cornerstone of many urban renewal projects in recent years. This can be completed in combination with increasing availability and accessibility of active transport modes. The West Melbourne Structure Plan has a multi layered approach that aims to increase patronage on public transport; incorporate dedicated cycling paths and provide pedestrian friendly streetscapes. Considered and integrated outcomes will result in a vibrant community that prioritises active transport modes. Comprehensive analysis of the on and off street parking requirements of the area has been completed and compliments what the Footscray structure plan intends to achieve. No free long term car spaces predominantly used by daily commuters who work in the area have been transitioned to parking restrictions that benefit permit holders who reside in the area.
Image: West Melbourne Structure Plan (2018)
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Footscray Structure Plan
Consolidated Transport Network The precinct will ensure all modes of active transport are integrated by providing a walkable neighbourhood; dedicated cycling opportunities; & a truly comprehensive public transport network. The physical; mental and emotional benefits that derive from this consolidation and integration are becoming more widely recongnised and adopted throughout the world. By adopting the suggested outcomes Footscray is well placed to become a leader in active transport. On street parking to be reduced and a reduction in vehicle lanes for the creation of dedicated cycling infrastructure. New linear green spaces will be created along large lengths of these roads to better facilitate active connections throughout the precinct. This can be achieved due to the wide streets that are abundant in the area.
Farnsworth
Ave.
Leeds St.
New Entrance to Footscray Station
Donald St.
Moore St.
Nicholson St.
Ballarat Rd.
Hopkins Rd.
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Bike Path
Map 30: Consolidate Active Transport (Samuel Hill) Scale = M 100
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Precinct for Healthy Living
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SD1.1: Road Use H ierarchy Adapting the hierarchy of road infrastructure to better facilitate active transport modes In order to facilitate active transport within the precinct a gradual transformation of the streets is required.
Action 3: Dedicated on Street Bike Paths Action 4: Pedestrianisation of FMAC
Pocket Parks Beginning with small scale pocket parks within the Footscray Metropolitan Activity Centre (FMAC) to introduce to residents and traders the benefits that reduction in car parks can have on the area. Street Reconfiguration Several streets to be reconfigured to allow for the reduction in vehicle traffic; increase in pedestrian and cycling infrastructure and increase in usable public space. These new pedestrian centric streets will be oriented towards connecting residents with commercial zones, green spaces & community infrastructure.
Action 5: Reduction of Car Parking Spaces in FMAC Action 7: Create Pockets Parks in FMAC Action 8: Permanent Street Reconfiguration Action 9: Tree Planting on Major Roads Transport Priority Current
Street Closure A large amount of the FMAC will be dedicated to active transport by removing vehicles entirely from the area. The FMAC is well served by public transport as it contains several bus and tram stops, as well as the significant public transport node Footscray Station.
Public Transport
Motor Vehicle
Cycling
Pedestrian
Public Transport
Motor vehicle
Proposed
Pedestrian
Cycling
Pedestrian Street Examples
3m
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Section A: Existing Leeds Street (Samuel Hill)
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Section A: Proposed Leeds Street (Samuel Hill)
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Footscray Structure Plan
3m
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Section B: Existing Byron Street (Samuel Hill)
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BEFORE
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Pedestrian Centered Design Pedestrian Zone New / Improved Street Crossing Pedestrian Street Mixed Street
Hopkins Rd.
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Bike Paths Street Shared Bike Path PedestrianOffZone On Street Dedicated Bike Path
New / Improved Street Crossing New Bike Path hall S t.
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White
Shared Street Cycling Network
Map 31: Road Use Hierarchy (Samuel Hill)
Napie
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Precinct for Healthy Living
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SD1.2: Public Transp or t Net work Changing the public transport network to support increased patronage and better service areas of disadvantage Bus Interchange
Action 1:
Create Bus Interchange at Footscray Station
A better integrated bus interchange to be constructed at Footscray station. There are currently far too many bus stops servicing the numerous bus routes within the precinct. As a result the majority of the pedestrian facilities along Irving Street are dedicated to bus stops. This is a less than ideal scenario in terms of street connectivity.
Action 2:
Reroute Bus & Tram Network
Action 4:
Pedestrianisation of FMAC
Action 6:
Create Platform Park Over Rail Line
Action 8:
Permanent Street Reconfiguration
The creation of two Bus Interchanges on the north and south ends of Footscray Train Station will condense and amalgamate the current bus stops in order to provide better accessibility. Easier access between the three public transport modes in the precinct will facilitate increased public transport usage rates. Bus Routes Bus lines will be reconfigured to service the local community and reduce the public transport disadvantage that is experienced in the area. The current make up of the bus routes satisfy vastly different users. Relocating several bus stops will enable residents of previously neglected areas better access to education and employment opportunities. Not only will these changes increase accessibility to public transport but it will also assist with unlocking development investment in several areas. Housing in much of the general residential zone are not attractive for development due to their distance to public transport nodes. The creation of a tram line servicing the northern residential portion of the precinct will allow the current bus routes to service the neglected residential areas.
Action 17: Create North Entrance to Footscray Station Tram Routes The single current tram line terminates at Footscray Station before changing direction back towards Highpoint Shopping Centre. This line predominantly serves the leisure commuter as it does not connect to any major employment centres apart from the shopping centre. Merge Routes 82 & 75 Extending this line to merge with the 75 tram route to Vermont South via eGate & Docklands will dramatically increase accessibility to established and emerging employment areas. Extend Route 30 to Sunshine via Braybrook Sunshine & Braybrook would receive their first tram services under this proposal. Connecting several major shopping and employment centres with areas of proposed higher density will bring a raft of benefits. As well as providing an additional public transport link to the CBD.
North Entrance to Footscray Station The creation of a north entrance to Footscray Station will assist the residents of the Joseph’s Road Precinct with better access to Footscray Station. The current accessibility they have to the train station is via the heavily congested and pedestrian unfriendly Hopkins Street. The separation of exits will relieve the congestion that can be experienced in peak hour as well as accommodating for increased patronage that will occur in the coming years.
82
30 75
Map 32: Proposed Public Transport Network LGA (Samuel Hill)
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Footscray Structure Plan
Pedestrian access to Footscray Market & Train Station
Moore St. to Vic Uni Barkley St. to West Footscray
French St. to North & West Footscray
Hopkins Rd. to CBD & Tram Stop
Pedestrian access to Train Station
Nicholson St. to Seddon Bus Routes to North
Bus Routes to North
Bus Routes to West
Bus Routes to West
Bus Routes to South
Bus Routes to East
Map 33: Proposed South Bus Interchange (Samuel Hill)
Map 34: Proposed North Bus Interchange (Samuel Hill)
82 30 New Entrance to Footscray Station Tram Route
75
New / Upgraded Tram Stop Bus Route New Bus Stop New Bus Terminal
Map 35: Proposed Public Transport Network (Samuel Hill) Scale = M 100
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Precinct for Healthy Living
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Ac tive Transp or t 20 Minute Neighbourhood Prioritising pedestrians and cyclists over vehicles is one of the key components to the Precinct Plan. The plan intends to implement various components of the ‘20 minute neighbourhood’ into Footscray. Ensuring all residents have adequate access to all elements they need to live a long & healthy life will be incorporated as one of the building blocks of the structure plan. Walkability Pedestrian focused streets will elevate this transport mode above all others. Public Transport Access The Footscray Structure Plan ensures equitable distribution of public transport. All residential areas will be afforded high quality access to bus, tram and train services enabling everyone to get where they want to go. Health Services Access to health services to be increased due to the change in public transport accessibility. Community A stronger and more connected community is the ultimate goal of the Structure Plan.
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Footscray Structure Plan
Public Transport Walkability An issue identified that potentially had an impact on the patronage of public transport was its accessibility, in terms of the location of stops. The plan intends to remove this significant barrier of accessibility by greatly increasing the number of stops as well as placing them in locations more suitable to residents. Map 31 & 32 indicate the current walkability to public transport nodes. Map 33 indicates the walkability to the realigned public transport network, including the new tram routes and rerouted bus network. A dramatic increase in coverage can be seen when comparing the maps.
Consolidated Transport Network
Map 36: Current Bus Stop Walkability (Derrick Lim)
Map 37: Current Train / Tram Stop Walkability (Derrick Lim)
Tram Stop Bus Stop
100m / 2min 200m / 5min 300m / 7min 400m / 10min Map 38: Potential Public Transport Walkability (Samuel Hill) Scale = M 100
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400
500
Precinct for Healthy Living
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O2: I ncrease Public Space By adaptive reuse of current road morphology and creation of platform park over rail corridor The current road widths within the precinct are well suited to reconfiguration to meet the open space needs of Footscray residents. With negligible disruption to the existing vehicular network there can be strategic changes to dramatically increase access to open space. Extensive on street and off street parking exists within the precinct to cater for an overall reduction in car spaces. The enhanced and better integrated public transport network will assist with reducing the number of private vehicles that need to be housed on a transient basis.
Precedent: Pittsburgh Lower Hill Master Plan The Lower Hill Master Plan cleverly uses the sites topography to manipulate the street morphology and built form to create green space corridors that traverse the site. A gradient of 20% can be experienced in certain parts of the precinct however this is negated by placement of green spaces and buildings and creating circuitous pedestrian routes through the area. Understanding the concept that green streets and navigable pathways are just as important in regards to public open space as large parks and gardens. The streets provide breakout spaces for residents and workers within the area. These streets act as a conduit between public plazas assist to create the ‘Meander’, a path that traverses and connects spaces.
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Footscray Structure Plan
Strategic Direction 2.1:
Creation of Public Space Increase public space by introducing pockets parks in FMAC; reconfiguring streets & creating a public park over the rail corridor
Strategic Direction 2.2:
Community Activation Create a healthy and vibrant community by attracting investment & employment; supporting education & cultural diversity
The former site of Victoria Brewery in East Melbourne provides a good example of a pedestrian centric development. A publicly accessible internal laneway has been incorporated into its design. It provides breakout opportunities for local offices, cafes and residents. The Footscray Structure plan will encourage developers to provide high quality public space accessible to the public
Wellington St in Collingwood is an important connective street in the inner suburbs for all types of vehicles. It cleverly allows for high volumes of motor vehicle traffic whilst still maintaining strong cycling and pedestrian use. Raised pedestrian crossings and dedicated bikes lanes make this a safe street for all users.
The pocket park created in excess car spaces in Brunswick on the doorstep to ‘The Commons’ building is a gesture at increasing public space with minimal cost and impact to the surrounding area. Providing green space and relief from the densely constructed built form in the area. After initial hesitation due to the reduction in car spaces it is now widely accepted by local residents.
Images: Samuel Hill
Pedestrian Zone New / Improved Street Crossing Pedestrian Street Shared Street Platform Park
Map 39: Creation of Public Space (Samuel Hill) Scale = M 100
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SD2.1: Creation of Public Space Increase public space by introducing pockets parks in FMAC; reconfiguring streets & creating a public park over the rail corridor Platform Park
Action 4:
Pedestrianisation of FMAC
The significant barrier of the rail corridor to be eliminated with the creation of a platform park. This will help connect the stranded Josephs road precinct with the commercial centre and train station. As well as providing desperately needed high quality green space for inner Footscray residents.
Action 5:
Reduction of on street parking in FMAC
Action 6:
Create Platform Park over rail line
Action 7:
Pocket Parks in FMAC
Action 8:
Permanent Street reconfiguration
This public platform will also provide a quality meeting space for residents of Footscray. This will truly become the beating heart of the west. The Park will be broken down into 4 distinct sections, each with their own identity and purpose. Community Park An adaptable space that can host community and social events such as food truck parks and farmers markets. Wominjeka Woi wurrung for Welcome. At the entry to the train station will lie a true celebration of Footscray, complete with artworks & murals that highlight the culture and the people of this wonderfully eclectic suburb The Platform The Heart of the West. A space that can host large scale gatherings and screenings of important events. Protests and celebrations alike will be welcome in this space. The Paddock Giving residents of central Footscray the high quality open green space they so desperately need and deserve. Green Streets Strategically placed green streets will allow Footscray residents better, more active methods to access commercial areas; public transport nodes; community infrastructure and green spaces. The realignment of roads within the precinct will assist with prioritising active transport modes over private vehicle transport. The FMAC has experienced numerous incidents of pedestrians being struck by vehicles. High numbers of pedestrians combined with heavy vehicle traffic have made this area quite dangerous. The strategic pedestrianisation of this area will ensure a safe and walkable city centre that benefits residents, traders & shoppers.
Map 39: Platform Park (Samuel Hill)
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Footscray Structure Plan
Community Park Wominjeka The Platform The Paddock
Action 10: Public Realm Plans for new developments Action 18: Expansion of Community Facilities Action 19: Sports Precinct in Footscray Park Public Realm Plans New medium and high density developments within the precinct will be required to provide public realm plans to the City of Maribyrnong before being considered for approval. This will ensure new developments contribute to the local context by providing active ground floors & pedestrian friendly interfaces. Reducing car park infrastructure entrances and relocating them to secondary streets or laneways where applicable. Commercial/Retail tenancies on the ground floor and end of trip facilities will be required on all mixed used developments. Car Parking Ample off street parking to exist within the FMAC to facilitate the removal of large amounts of on street parking. The new developments within this area will be encouraged to include underground paid parking facilities. This can be facilitated by partnering with a large scale car parking provider. Small streets within the FMAC will be reconfigured for cycling and pedestrian traffic only, with several roads restricted to public transport and delivery vehicles. The reconfiguration will be conducted in stages with pop up parks graduating to regular street closures and eventually permanent solutions. This will be done in combination with consultation sessions with local traders to discuss the positive benefits that pedestrian focused developments have on business and community. Footscray Station Station Entrance Tram Stop Bus Terminal
Pedestrian Thoroughfare Pedestrian Crossing High Development Potential
BEFORE
Image: Pittsburgh Lower Hill Master Plan (2017) Inset Image: Google Earth
Pedestrian connection to Residential Area
Moore St.
Tram to Braybrook / Sunshine
Tram to Maribyrnong
Barkly St.
Hopkins Rd.
Leeds St.
Pedestrian Street in Activity Centre
Pedestrian access to Josephs Road Precinct
Tram to West Melbourne / CBD North
ng Irvi
St.
Pedestrian access to Arts Precinct
Tram to Docklands / CBD South Bus Terminal
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SD2.2: Communit y Ac tivation Create a healthy and vibrant community by attracting investment & employment; supporting education & cultural diversity Mixed Use Developments
Action 4:
Pedestrianisation of FMAC
Mixed use developments within the Activity Centre Zone. The area will soon be linked directly by rail to almost 50% of Metropolitan Melbourne. Leveraging this unrivaled public transport accessibility will attract investment from commercial enterprises that are priced out of the market or not tied to a CBD location. In addition to this it will provide more employment opportunities to residents within the area. Reducing the number of commuters will assist with reducing the burden on the road and public transport network as well as improving the quality of life for local residents.
Action 7:
Pocket Parks in FMAC
Expansion of Community Facilities The influx of new residents will put increased demands on the existing community infrastructure. Improving the public education facilities to cater for an increase in residents and their families. The Arts Precinct along the Maribyrnong River will be expanded. A new platform park of the Rail Line will provide an adaptable and community oriented space for all residents, not just those in Footscray, but for all that reside in the Western suburbs. The opportunity to create a significant piece of infrastructure that caters for such a diverse range of people is important. The creation of a larger sports precinct in Footscray Park will cater for the increase in residents that will be experienced in the area. New facilities that cater to numerous sporting activities will be provided to residents. New Library & Community Centre Central to the plan is the revitalization of the residential area adjacent to Newells Paddock. This area is home to significant social & economic disadvantages not seen elsewhere in Footscray. Research suggest that instead of moving residents in these areas out it is more beneficial to improve the facilities in which they already reside. Taking this in to consideration there is an opportunity to provide high quality community centric facilities that will benefit all residents in the area. The low quality and underutilised Seelaf Square will be overhauled to provide a new facility that will cater to this broad community.
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Footscray Structure Plan
Action 10: Public Realm Plans for new developments Action 16: Creation of Mixed Use Development’s Action 18: Expansion of Community Facilities Action 19: Sports Precinct in Footscray Park Action 20: Social Housing requirements in developments
Social Housing Requirements Victoria is currently faced with a deficit of approximately 160,000 houses. There are currently 20,000 people on waiting lists for affordable housing. With rental and mortgage stress a growing problem in Melbourne and its surrounds there is a developing need to provide housing options for people of low income. Partnering with social housing providers on both State and Federal levels is an integral component to this structure plan. Footscray has a proud history of social inclusion and affordability, the City of Maribyrnong is invested in continuing. Minimum social housing requirements in new developments will go a long way to protecting this history. Potential Social Housing providers include: • Women’s Property Initiative • Housing Choices Australia • Launch Housing • Salvation Army Housing Victoria Sports Precinct The increase in working age adults that will be seen in the coming years will necessitate an increase in sporting options and opportunities. New sports facilities can be constructed within the large open space in Footscray Park.
BEFORE
Image: New Library & Community Centre (Samuel Hill) Farnsworth
Ave.
Sports Precinct
Ballarat Rd.
Moore St.
Nicholson St.
Community Centre
Platform Park
Leeds St.t.
Barkly St.
Hopkins Rd.
Community Activation Arts Precinct
Existing Community Facility
Interface Existing Active Community Facility Proposed / Expanded Community Facility Active Interface Priority Area
Map 40: Community Activation (Samuel Hill
White hall S t.
Proposed / Expanded Community Facility
Napie
r St.
Scale = M 100
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500
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Communit y Heal th Public Space The Footscray Easy Structure Plan will be built around an overarching theme of ‘Connecting Community’. A focus on providing all the essential to create a happy, healthy and positive community will be embedded in this plan. Building on the three main objectives of ‘ Consolidate Active Transport’; Increase Public Space’ & ‘Improve Built Form’. The thriving arts precinct along the Maribyrnong River that comprises the Footscray Community Arts Centre, Bigfish Workshop & Waterside Metal Art Studio as well as others will receive a boost in funding to coincide with an increase in patronage that will be experienced in the precinct. Partnering with developers and housing providers will assist with bringing the structure plan to fruition. Ensuring considerate built form outcomes that engage with the surrounding streets
Attracting Employment
Affordable Housing
Unemployment within the precinct is currently at 9.6%, this is above the average for Victoria, which currently sits at 6.1%. Far too many Footscray residents are without work, this is an alarming statistic due to the high proportion of working age adults that reside in the area. There are significant barriers faced by the residents of Footscray to find and sustain gainful employment.
Victoria is currently faced with a deficit of approximately 160,000 houses. There are currently 20,000 people on waiting lists for affordable housing. With rental and mortgage stress a growing problem in Melbourne and its surrounds there is a developing need to provide housing options for people of low income.
Currently only 1 in 5 residents of Maribyrnong are able to attain work within the municipality. Opportunities exist that can strengthen the attractiveness of Footscray to organisations looking to move away from the high rents seen in the CBD. Attracting these organisations will provide residents of Footscray with more options to gain employment closer to where they live. Developments within the precinct will need to provide minimum floor area dedicated to commercial tenancies. This will see a rise in the amount of floor space available to organisations willing to make a move to this booming suburb.
56
Footscray Structure Plan
Partnering with social housing providers on both State and Federal levels is an integral component to this structure plan. Footscray has a proud history of social inclusion and affordability. The City of Maribyrnong is invested in continuing. Minimum social housing requirements in new developments will go a long way to protecting this history.
Community gardens will be encouraged in new developments. As density increases as does the demand for public space. By providing these common areas with
Providing high quality break out area within the Activity Centre will provide much needed open space from the densely constructed built form. Partnering with developers by ensuring their buildings relate and contribute to the public realm.
Images 1&2: Samuel Hill
An active community that is engaged with its history and culture is desired for Footscray. Enhancing the multi cultural heritage of this diverse area is an important to consider. There are many opportunities to enhance the relationship that residents have with the area. Utilising the adaptable park areas to
Images 3: Nancy Hwanhee Yoo
Open Space The six principles (or the ‘6 Pillars’) stipulated by the Victorian Planning Authority in regards to Open Space are as follows.
Provide an appropriate amount of open space to cater for a range of community uses.
Equitable Distribution Deliver a network of open spaces that are located to ensure community access within a safe 5 minute walk (approximately 400m) of 95% of residents.
Diversity Deliver a network of open space types (pocket, neighbourhood, community, district, municipal and regional parks) that provide for a range of uses, functions and differing levels of amenity.
Access and Connectivity Create a network of open spaces that are accessible to all, free of charge and connected by safe pedestrian and cycle links, public transport options and where practicable co-located with community infrastructure.
Sustainability Create a network that is planned and managed to support biodiversity and city amenity which is also fit for purpose, fiscally responsible and resource efficient.
Quality Design, build and maintain open spaces to optimise their capacity and resilience, and to enhance community appreciation. Quantity Scale = M 100
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HO - Heritage Overlay NCO - Neighbourhood Character Overlay
Map (): Affordable Housing Development Opportunities (Samuel Hill)
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O3: I mprove Built Form Allow for an increase in Medium Density Housing; introducing Floor Area Ratio & Floor Area Uplift controls; protecting Heritage & Neighbourhood Character Careful implementation of Floor Area Ratio controls and Floor Area Uplift benefits will bring numerous benefits to the people of Footscray. Introducing inclusionary zoning principles to the City of Maribyrnong planning scheme will assist with continuing its proud history of cultural and socio-economic diversity. The main pillars of Floor Area Ratio and Floor Area Uplift parameters are: Inclusion of Social Housing; Addition of Green Space; Active Street Frontages & Environmental Sustainability. Any development that meets these key criteria will received a height and floor area bonus on top of the mandated levels. Increasing the appeal of these developments for investors as it increases Net Lettable Area (NLA) & Net Saleable Area (NSA) of buildings. Another important consideration is to ensure the City of Maribyrnong is aware of enhancing the economic benefits this built form outcome can have for the developers. Being able to sell apartments at prices above market rate will assist with subsidising the construction of many of the required additional building facilities.
Precedent: The Commons Brunswick ethical development ‘The Commons’ has become a benchmark within Melbourne due to its environmental sustainability; social housing levels and equitable development policy. Developed by Small Giants Developments the platform aims to change the building landscape within the country. It has been successful in producing a new type of development that is profitable; equitable and importantly, repeatable. The current construction landscape leans towards high density developments that maximise return on investment at the expense of livability. The Commons aim was to reverse this cycle by providing affordable, high quality apartments with facilities that produced desirable outcomes for its residents. Recent sales of apartments within The Commons confirm the economic benefits of this type of development. Sales are consistently 10-20% above the market rate for the area. The Commons is now used as a platform for other development models that seek to increase lifestyle returns for residents.
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Footscray Structure Plan
Strategic Direction 3.1:
Medium Density Developments Increase potential for greater density developments by introducing Floor Area Ratio & Floor Area Uplift controls.
Strategic Direction 3.2:
Strengthen Heritage Strengthen Heritage & Neighbourhood Character Overlays with additional built form controls
1 - 2 Storeys Map 41: Current Building Height (Samuel Hill)
Farnsworth
7 - 10 Storeys Map 42: Current Height Limit (Samuel Hill)
3 - 6 Storeys
11 - 25 Storeys
Ave.
Moore St.
Nicholson St.
Ballarat Rd.
Barkly St.
Leeds St.
Hopkins Rd.
FAR 4:1 FAR 3:1 White hall S t.
FAR 1:1 No Change Map 43: Proposed Floor Area Ratio (Samuel Hill) Scale = M 100
200
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400
Napie
r St.
500
Precinct for Healthy Living
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SD3.1: M edium Densit y Developments Increase potential for greater density developments by introducing Floor Area Ratio controls & Floor Area Uplift rewards Floor Area Ratio
Action 10: Public Realm Plans for all new developments
Replacing the height limit recommendations with a guided and more broadly beneficial Floor Area Ratio (FAR) programme will be an important measure to ensuring long term success of Footscray’s densification. Expanding the densification measures to encompass the General Residential Zone will assist increasing housing in this area. Stronger controls regarding social housing in these areas will ensure it remains an affordable place to live for some of the suburbs most vulnerable.
Action 11: Rooftop Gardens in new developments
Maximising building footprint and height will be replaced with a series of guidelines that intends to provide developments that are more actively engaged with their surrounds; incorporate active edges and public spaces; house high quality facilities; retain social housing and incorporate considerate apartment design.
Action 16: Mixed Use Developments
A varying Floor Area Ratio will be instituted on all properties within General Residential Zone & Activity Centre Zone. A large component of the successful application of FAR is Floor Area Uplift (FAU). Rewarding developments that provide facilities that are beneficial to its residents and the wider community Floor Area Uplift The developments that meet the below requirements will be able to maximise profitability by receiving an additional 15% of floor area. • Active Edges: Commercial/Retail on ground floor that engages with its surroundings • Green Space: Rooftop green spaces accessible to all residents • Social Housing: Requirement to provide minimum 20% of apartments to social housing providers. The developments that meet the below requirements will be able to maximise profitability by receiving an additional 15% of floor area. Height Limits Height limits will still play an important part of the new built form controls. This is to ensure any new constructions do not dominate the surrounding buildings. Several larger sites within close proximity to Footscray train station have been afforded an additional height allowance. This is in response to their need to provide public space in the form of laneways in
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Footscray Structure Plan
Action 12: End of Trip facilities in Mixed Use Developments Action 13: Vehicular Movements to be minimised Action 14: Introduction of FAR & FAU Action 15: Strengthen Heritage Controls
Action 20: Partner with Social Housing Providers Mixed Use Developments The creation of Mixed Use Developments within the FMAC have several beneficial outcomes for the residents and workers of Footscray. It will fast track significant mixed use buildings within the centre of Footscray. Facilitating an increase in employment options and providing higher density residential. Essential to the successful integration of these new buildings into the surrounding context is the creation of pedestrian friendly laneways at street level. The Footscray Market is an important commercial and social space for the residents of Footscray. Maintaining and expanding the existing internal laneway layout will assist to keep this building connected to the wider area. The fine grain retail that currently exists within the building needs to be maintained. Consulting with current retailers and providing them with space in the new facility will ensure this important community facility continues to provide a valuable social space for the area
Floor Area Uplift
Maximise Built Form
Provide Green Space
Reduce bulk & Activate Edges Figure (): Floor Area Ratio & Floor Area Uplift (Samuel Hill)
Farnsworth
Receive Floor Area Uplift
Provide 20% Affordable Housing
Final Built Form
Relate to Existing Context
Ave.
Moore St.
Nicholson St.
Ballarat Rd.
Barkly St.
Hopkins Rd. Leeds St.
10 Storeys 8 Storeys 5 Storeys 2 Storeys
White
hall S
t.
No Change Map 44: Proposed Height Limits (Samuel Hill) Scale = M 100
200
300
400
500
Napie
r St.
Precinct for Healthy Living
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SD3.2: Strengthen Heritage Strengthen Heritage & Neighbourhood Character Overlays with additional built form controls Residential Heritage
Action 10: Public Realm Plans for all new developments
Protecting the heritage of the area has always been of importance to the City of Maribyrnong. Strengthening these controls will be a priority in the plan. Current heritage listed properties are safe from development, both directly in terms of demolitions and renovations, as well as safe from the impacts large scale developments have on the character of an area.
Action 11: Rooftop Gardens in new developments
Industrial Heritage
Action 15: Strengthen Heritage Controls
In addition to the residential heritage buildings there are a significant number of buildings of character that the City of Maribyrnong wishes to retain. There are several instances in Footscray of ex industrial buildings being completely demolished to make way for large scale residential developments. If this is to continue throughout the rest of the precinct Footscray is at risk of losing much of its blue collar character it is known for.
Action 16: Creation of Mixed Use Developments
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Footscray Structure Plan
Action 12: End of Trip facilities in Mixed Use Developments Action 13: Vehicular Entrances to be minimised Action 14: Introduction of FAR & FAU
Action 20: Partner with Social Housing Providers
Gradual Introduction of Higher Density Developments New developments in the precinct will be afforded increased access to deliver medium density housing. However these controls will be designed to ensure over development surrounding heritage designated areas are minimised.
Heritage Area
General Residential
Areas immediately adjacent to Heritage and Neighbourhood Character Overlays will be allowed to adopt a 1:1 Floor Area Ratio, whilst still remaining compliant to current set back and built form controls already in place in the planning scheme. As developments move further away from these areas the Floor Area Ratio scheme allows for increased height and density.
Proposed FAR Area
Current High Density Area
10 Storeys 8 Storeys 5 Storeys 2 Storeys No Change HO - Heritage Overlay NCO - Neighbourhood Character Overlay Map 44: Heritage & Height Controls (Samuel Hill) Scale = M 100
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Built Form Analysis Floor Area Ratio / Floor Area Uplift / Existing Built Form Controls There are to be 3 variations within the new controls that specifically relate to Floor Area Ratio. 1:1; 3:1 & 4:1
Additional requirements will be set that will apply to all developments in the precinct • 20% minimum social housing requirement for all buildings over 4 stories • Public Realm plans to ensure active interfaces • No above ground car spaces within building • Minimal vehicular entrances • Large building footprints to be broken up into smaller buildings • Minimise over shadowing of open spaces & neighbouring properties • Maintain fine grain retail and commercial spaces • Adequate daylight access to internal spaces • Avoid ‘facadism’ by incorporating current heritage and character into final built
They are implemented in addition to the current planning scheme so will be assessed whilst still taking in to account current set back recommendations; private open space considerations & overlooking provisions. Introducing FAR & FAU controls within the current planning scheme will have a beneficial outcome in regards to the built form that eventuates in the area. The current planning controls have concentrated large scale high density developments in isolated areas of the precinct, whilst providing minimal benefits to the wider public realm. Ensuing new developments compliment the existing area is an important outcome of this plan. Preferred Height Limits will also be applied to the FAR regulations. This is to ensure a building with the maximum built form controls applies is still able to compliment the surrounding context.
Floor Area Ratio
1:1
Additional Conditions • Ground floor tenancies encouraged • Preferred maximum 2 storeys • Apply current front, side and rear site setback provisions • Minimum private open space requirement • Ground floor NLA to be tenancy • Preferred maximum 5 storeys
3:1
4:1
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Footscray Structure Plan
• 25% of NLA to be allocated to be tenancy • Preferred maximum 8 storeys, 10 stories on selected sites • Pedestrian friendly interfaces with thoroughfares where possible to ensure through foot traffic on larger sites
1:1 This FAR recommendation will predominantly be in the General Residential Area within the precinct. As such it plays an important role in connecting the Heritage & Neighbourhood Character Overlay areas with the higher density areas. Remaining small in scale whilst still utilising as much of the site as possible will assist with enhancing development opportunities in the area. Recognising relevant boundary set back & private open space will ensure these new developments integrate into the wider context.
Property Boundary Preferred Building Height 2 Storeys
Ground Floor Tenancy
3:1 As an intermediary between the lowest density and the highest density this particular FAR plays an important role in the gradual rise in scale that has been lacking in developments in recent years. Developments will need to provide ground floor retail & commercial tenancies that will bring beneficial outcomes to residents in the area. Enhancing public amenities such as shops, cafes & office space will assist with activating the public realm in this predominantly residential precinct.
Property Boundary
Preferred Building Height 5 Storeys
Ground Floor Tenancy
4:1 The final FAR recommended in this report is the 4:1 ratio. This will be applied to the sites most attractive to developers. Those with good proximity to public transport, the Activity Centre Zone & health services. Property Boundary
Preferred Building Height 8 Storeys
Throughfare
Stipulating a minimum 25% NLA be allocated to commercial tenancies is one of the most widely beneficial outcomes within this precinct plan. Increasing the amount of employment opportunities within the precinct is an important consideration in this plan.
25% Tenancy
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I M P L E M E N TAT I O N
Ac tions Deliver
Deliver
Deliver
ACTION TIMING Action 1: Create new north & south bus L terminals at Footscray Station • De-congest Irving St by creating bus terminals at either end of the station • Allow for public open space surrounding Footscray Market
STAKEHOLDERS City of Maribyrnong; State Government; VicTrack; PTV
RELATED DIRECTION SD1.1: Road Use Hierarchy SD1.2: Public Transport Network
Action 2: Reroute Bus Network to service disadvantaged areas • Creation of new bus stop in Vipont St to service new library and community hub • Allow resident of this area better connections to public transport
M
City of Maribyrnong; Surrounding LGA’s; State Government; Community; PTV
SD1.2: Public Transport Network SD2.2. Community Activation
Action 3: Dedicated on street cycling paths
M
City of Maribyrnong; State Government; Community
SD1.1: Road Use Hierarchy
• Dedicated on street cycling paths throughout the precinct • Commence with Activity Centre • Integrate with current cycle routes
Action 4: Pedestrianisation of Footscray Metropolitan Activity Centre • Progressive removal of vehicles in Activity Advocate Centre • Commence with Leeds St; Paisley St & eventually Irving St upon completion of bus terminal
Partner
Deliver
L
O
City of Maribyrnong; State Government; Community
SD1.1: Road Use Hierarchy SD2.1: Creation of Public Space
Action 5: Reduction of on street car spaces in Footscray Metropolitan Activity Centre • Partner with development & parking organisations to provide off street car parking in new developments • An over all reduction in car parks is planned due to better integration of public transport network
M
O
City of Maribyrnong; State Government; Community
SD1.1: Road Use Hierarchy
Action 6: Create platform park over rail line at Footscray Station
L
City of Maribyrnong; State Government; Community; VicTrack
SD1.2: Public Transport Network SD2.1: Creation of Public Space SD2.2. Community Activation
S
City of Maribyrnong; State Government; Community; Local Traders
SD1.1: Road Use Hierarchy SD2.1: Creation of Public Space SD2.2. Community Activation
• Creation of large public open space in Activity Centre • High quality meeting space for all residents of the Western suburbs
Action 7: Pocket parks in Footscray Metropolitan Activity Centre • Communicate with local traders to increase Advocate the awareness of the positive benefits reduction in car parks has on the local economy S Short Term
M Medium Term
L Long Term
O Ongoing
Ac tions Advocate
Deliver
PURPOSE
ACTION Action 8: Permanent street reconfiguration • Streets within the precinct to be reconfigured to allow for an increase in public space
TIMING L
O
STAKEHOLDERS City of Maribyrnong; State Government; Community
RELATED DIRECTION SD1.1: Road Use Hierarchy SD2.1: Creation of Public Space SD2.2. Community Activation
Action 9: Tree planting
M
O
City of Maribyrnong; Community
SD2.1: Creation of Public Space
M
O
City of Maribyrnong; Development Industry
SD2.2: Community Activation SD3.2: Strengthen Heritage
• To coincide with street reconfiguration • Increase canopy cover to reduce urban heat island effect Action 10: Public realm plans for new developments
Deliver
Partner
Partner
Partner
Deliver
68
• Partner with developers to ensure new constructions are activated on lower levels
Action 11: Rooftop gardens in new developments • Require developers to provide green space in constructions • Gardens & plantings on podium and rooftop
M
City of Maribyrnong; Development Industry
SD2.2: Community Activation SD3.1: FAR / FAU
Action 12: End of trip facilities in mixed use developments • High quality amenities in retail and commercial to provide facilities to encourage employees to utilise active transport
M
City of Maribyrnong; Development Industry
SD3.2: Strengthen Heritage
Action 13: Vehicle entrances to new developments to be minimised • Vehicles entrances to be minimised; located off main roads where possible • Shared entrances to be encouraged where possible
M
O
City of Maribyrnong; Development Industry
SD2.2: Community Activation SD3.1: FAR / FAU
Action 14: Introduction of Floor Area Ratio (FAR) withing Activity Centre Zone (ACZ) & General Residential Zone (GRZ) • Detailed investigations to commence to ascertain best options • FAR of 1:1 in residential district; 3:1 in activity centre & 4:1 in identified higher density areas
M
O
City of Maribyrnong; Community; Development Industry
SD3.1: FAR / FAU
Footscray Structure Plan
S Short Term
M Medium Term
L Long Term
O Ongoing
INDEX ACTION Action 15: Strengthen Heritage Controls Deliver
• Heritage controls to be strengthened throughout the precinct • Protecting the character in residential areas • Ensuring former industrial area retains existing context
TIMING S
O
STAKEHOLDERS City of Maribyrnong; Heritage Victoria
RELATED DIRECTION SD3.2: Strengthen Heritage
Action 16: Creation of Mixed Use developments • Increase appeal of Footscray to organisations whom may be able to relocate to inner urban location • All buildings in 4:1 FAR area that intend to maximise built form must account for 25% of the Net Leaseable Area being allocated to commercial use
M
City of Maribyrnong; Development Industry
SD2.2. Community Activation SD3.2: Strengthen Heritage
Action 17: Creation of north entrance to Footscray Station • Better access for residents in Josephs Road Precinct to public transport and Activity Centre
L
City of Maribyrnong; PTV; Metro Trains
SD1.2: Public Transport Network SD2.1: Creation of Public Space
Action 18: Expansion of community facilities • Partner with community centres & organisations to increase facilities • Create new library & community centre in Seelaf Square • Toy library to partner with existing child care facility
M
O
City of Maribyrnong; Community Arts Groups
SD2.1: Creation of Public Space SD2.2. Community Activation
Action 19: Sport Precinct in Footscray Park • Partner with Victoria University • Increase in residents in the area will avail need Advocate for new facilities
M
O
City of Maribyrnong; Community
SD2.2. Community Activation
Action 20: Social housing requirements in new developments Partner • Requirement to maintain cultural and socio economic diversity in Footscray • Partner with affordable housing providers & developers • Minimum 20% affordable / social housing in all new developments
M
O
City of Maribyrnong; Community; Affordable Housing Providers;
SD2.2: Community Activation SD3.1: FAR / FAU
Deliver
Deliver
Partner
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Summar y The Footscray Structure Plan will provide a pathway towards healthy living under the defining objective of ‘Connecting Community’. Applying world class urban planning initiatives whilst paying homage to the existing culture, heritage and character will solidify Footscray as a desirable place to live and work. The Structure Plan intends to Retention of all elements which currently make Footscray unique suburb we currently experience. The precinct will become a true multi-cultural society that celebrates and elevates all who call Footscray home. A place that can be considered The Beating Heart of the West.
Road Use Hierarchy Aligning the road network to better support modes of active transport Public Transport Network Getting people to where they want to go with a comprehensive transport network Increase Public Space Providing high quality open space to residents, workers and visitors Community Activation Celebrating the cultural diversity to enhance cohesion and community Medium Density Development Working with developers and investors to create a better, more integrated built form Strengthen Heritage Retaining history in order to provide a platform to look towards the future.
References Implementing existing local, state and federal government policies where possible has assisted with the creation of the report. See below for a comprehensive list of reference material that has been used in the formation of the Precinct for Healthy Living Structure Plan.
Maribyrnong Planning Scheme - City of Maribyrnong Street Tree Planting Strategy - City of Maribyrnong West Melbourne Structure Plan - City of Melbourne Fisherman’s Bend Draft Master Plan - City of Melbourne Urban Forest Strategy - City of Melbourne Central Melbourne Design Guide - City of Melbourne Lower Hill Master Plan - Pittsburgh Council Plan Melbourne 2017-2050 - Victoria State Government Apartment Design Guidelines - Victoria State Government Urban Design Guidelines - Victoria State Government Planning for Healthy Communities - Planning Institute Australia Comparative Planning Controls Report, Melbourne Central City Built Form Review - Department of Environment, Land, Water & Planning Social outcomes in Hyper dense high rise residential environments - The Winston Churchill Memorial Trust of Australia - Leanne Hodyl (2014) How it sold - Australian Financial Review - Michael Bleby (May 29, 2017) Becoming more urban - The Conversation - Peter Newton (Oct 26, 2017) Loneliness on the rise as our cities atomise - The Conversation - Justin Norrie (Mar 27, 2012) Medium density’s new model - The Fifth Estate - Sophie Solomon (Feb 22, 2018) Green developments see rise in resale values - Domain - Melissa Heagney (Jul 17, 2018) City Limits: Why Australia’s cities are broken and how we can fix them - Jane Frances Kelly & Paul Donegan (2015) Social Isolation & its Relationship to the Urban Environment - Emma Harries (2017) Where is the land of opportunity? The geography of intergenerational mobility in the United States - Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline & Emmanuel Saez (2014)
Footscray Structure Plan
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Compiled By Samuel Hill - 722052 samuelh1@student.unimelb.edu.au Contributers Derrick Lim Jonathan Christie Kyle Wood Nancy Hwanhee Yoo With Thanks Leila Mahmoudi Hyungmin Kim Urban Precinct Studio - ABPL30060 Bachelor of Environments - Maj Urban Planning & Design